libstdc++-v3/doc/xml/manual/intro.xml

   1 <part xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" version="5.0" xml:id="manual.intro" xreflabel="Introduction">
   2 <?dbhtml filename="intro.html"?>
   3
   4 <info><title>
   5   Introduction
   6   <indexterm><primary>Introduction</primary></indexterm>
   7 </title>
   8   <keywordset>
   9     <keyword>ISO C++</keyword>
  10     <keyword>library</keyword>
  11   </keywordset>
  12 </info>
  13
  14
  15 <!-- Chapter 01 : Status -->
  16 <chapter xml:id="manual.intro.status" xreflabel="Status"><info><title>Status</title></info>
  17   <?dbhtml filename="status.html"?>
  18
  19
  20   <!-- Section 01 : Implementation Status -->
  21   <section xml:id="manual.intro.status.iso" xreflabel="Status"><info><title>Implementation Status</title></info>
  22
  23
  24     <!-- Section 01.1 : Status C++ 1998 -->
  25     <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" parse="xml" href="status_cxx1998.xml">
  26     </xi:include>
  27
  28     <!-- Section 01.2 : Status C++ 2011 -->
  29     <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" parse="xml" href="status_cxx2011.xml">
  30     </xi:include>
  31
  32     <!-- Section 01.3 : Status C++ 2014 -->
  33     <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" parse="xml" href="status_cxx2014.xml">
  34     </xi:include>
  35
  36     <!-- Section 01.4 : Status C++ 2017 -->
  37     <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" parse="xml" href="status_cxx2017.xml">
  38     </xi:include>
  39
  40     <!-- Section 01.5 : Status C++ TR1 -->
  41     <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" parse="xml" href="status_cxxtr1.xml">
  42     </xi:include>
  43
  44     <!-- Section 01.6 : Status C++ TR24733 -->
  45     <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" parse="xml" href="status_cxxtr24733.xml">
  46     </xi:include>
  47   </section>
  48
  49   <!-- Section 02 : License -->
  50   <section xml:id="manual.intro.status.license" xreflabel="License"><info><title>License</title></info>
  51     <?dbhtml filename="license.html"?>
  52
  53     <para>
  54     There are two licenses affecting GNU libstdc++: one for the code,
  55     and one for the documentation.
  56     </para>
  57
  58     <para>
  59       There is a license section in the FAQ regarding common <link linkend="faq.license">questions</link>. If you have more
  60       questions, ask the FSF or the <link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://gcc.gnu.org/lists.html">gcc mailing list</link>.
  61     </para>
  62
  63     <section xml:id="manual.intro.status.license.gpl" xreflabel="License GPL"><info><title>The Code: GPL</title></info>
  64
  65
  66     <para>
  67       The source code is distributed under the <link linkend="appendix.gpl-3.0">GNU General Public License version 3</link>,
  68       with the addition under section 7 of an exception described in
  69       the <quote>GCC Runtime Library Exception, version 3.1</quote>
  70       as follows (or see the file COPYING.RUNTIME):
  71     </para>
  72
  73     <literallayout class="normal">
  74 GCC RUNTIME LIBRARY EXCEPTION
  75
  76 Version 3.1, 31 March 2009
  77
  78 Copyright (C) 2009 <link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://www.fsf.org">Free Software Foundation, Inc.</link>
  79
  80 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
  81 license document, but changing it is not allowed.
  82
  83 This GCC Runtime Library Exception ("Exception") is an additional
  84 permission under section 7 of the GNU General Public License, version
  85 3 ("GPLv3"). It applies to a given file (the "Runtime Library") that
  86 bears a notice placed by the copyright holder of the file stating that
  87 the file is governed by GPLv3 along with this Exception.
  88
  89 When you use GCC to compile a program, GCC may combine portions of
  90 certain GCC header files and runtime libraries with the compiled
  91 program. The purpose of this Exception is to allow compilation of
  92 non-GPL (including proprietary) programs to use, in this way, the
  93 header files and runtime libraries covered by this Exception.
  94
  95 0. Definitions.
  96
  97 A file is an "Independent Module" if it either requires the Runtime
  98 Library for execution after a Compilation Process, or makes use of an
  99 interface provided by the Runtime Library, but is not otherwise based
 100 on the Runtime Library.
 101
 102 "GCC" means a version of the GNU Compiler Collection, with or without
 103 modifications, governed by version 3 (or a specified later version) of
 104 the GNU General Public License (GPL) with the option of using any
 105 subsequent versions published by the FSF.
 106
 107 "GPL-compatible Software" is software whose conditions of propagation,
 108 modification and use would permit combination with GCC in accord with
 109 the license of GCC.
 110
 111 "Target Code" refers to output from any compiler for a real or virtual
 112 target processor architecture, in executable form or suitable for
 113 input to an assembler, loader, linker and/or execution
 114 phase. Notwithstanding that, Target Code does not include data in any
 115 format that is used as a compiler intermediate representation, or used
 116 for producing a compiler intermediate representation.
 117
 118 The "Compilation Process" transforms code entirely represented in
 119 non-intermediate languages designed for human-written code, and/or in
 120 Java Virtual Machine byte code, into Target Code. Thus, for example,
 121 use of source code generators and preprocessors need not be considered
 122 part of the Compilation Process, since the Compilation Process can be
 123 understood as starting with the output of the generators or
 124 preprocessors.
 125
 126 A Compilation Process is "Eligible" if it is done using GCC, alone or
 127 with other GPL-compatible software, or if it is done without using any
 128 work based on GCC. For example, using non-GPL-compatible Software to
 129 optimize any GCC intermediate representations would not qualify as an
 130 Eligible Compilation Process.
 131
 132 1. Grant of Additional Permission.
 133
 134 You have permission to propagate a work of Target Code formed by
 135 combining the Runtime Library with Independent Modules, even if such
 136 propagation would otherwise violate the terms of GPLv3, provided that
 137 all Target Code was generated by Eligible Compilation Processes. You
 138 may then convey such a combination under terms of your choice,
 139 consistent with the licensing of the Independent Modules.
 140
 141 2. No Weakening of GCC Copyleft.
 142
 143 The availability of this Exception does not imply any general
 144 presumption that third-party software is unaffected by the copyleft
 145 requirements of the license of GCC.
 146     </literallayout>
 147
 148     <para>
 149       Hopefully that text is self-explanatory.  If it isn't, you need to speak
 150       to your lawyer, or the Free Software Foundation.
 151     </para>
 152     </section>
 153
 154     <section xml:id="manual.intro.status.license.fdl" xreflabel="License FDL"><info><title>The Documentation: GPL, FDL</title></info>
 155
 156
 157     <para>
 158       The documentation shipped with the library and made available over
 159       the web, excluding the pages generated from source comments, are
 160       copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, and placed under the
 161       <link linkend="appendix.gfdl-1.3"> GNU Free Documentation
 162       License version 1.3</link>.  There are no Front-Cover Texts, no
 163       Back-Cover Texts, and no Invariant Sections.
 164     </para>
 165
 166     <para>
 167       For documentation generated by doxygen or other automated tools
 168       via processing source code comments and markup, the original source
 169       code license applies to the generated files. Thus, the doxygen
 170       documents are licensed <link linkend="appendix.gpl-3.0">GPL</link>.
 171     </para>
 172
 173     <para>
 174       If you plan on making copies of the documentation, please let us know.
 175       We can probably offer suggestions.
 176     </para>
 177     </section>
 178
 179   </section>
 180
 181   <!-- Section 03 : Known Bugs -->
 182   <section xml:id="manual.intro.status.bugs" xreflabel="Bugs"><info><title>Bugs</title></info>
 183     <?dbhtml filename="bugs.html"?>
 184
 185
 186     <section xml:id="manual.intro.status.bugs.impl" xreflabel="Bugs impl"><info><title>Implementation Bugs</title></info>
 187
 188     <para>
 189       Information on known bugs, details on efforts to fix them, and
 190       fixed bugs are all available as part of the <link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugs/">GCC bug tracking system</link>,
 191       with the category set to <literal>libstdc++</literal>.
 192     </para>
 193     </section>
 194
 195     <section xml:id="manual.intro.status.bugs.iso" xreflabel="Bugs iso"><info><title>Standard Bugs</title></info>
 196
 197       <para>
 198         Everybody's got issues.  Even the C++ Standard Library.
 199       </para>
 200       <para>
 201         The Library Working Group, or LWG, is the ISO subcommittee responsible
 202         for making changes to the library.  They periodically publish an
 203         Issues List containing problems and possible solutions.  As they reach
 204         a consensus on proposed solutions, we often incorporate the solution.
 205       </para>
 206       <para>
 207         Here are the issues which have resulted in code changes to the library.
 208         The links are to the specific defect reports from a <emphasis>partial
 209         copy</emphasis> of the Issues List.  You can read the full version online
 210         at the <link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/">ISO C++
 211         Committee homepage</link>, linked to on the
 212         <link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://gcc.gnu.org/readings.html">GCC "Readings"
 213         page</link>.  If
 214         you spend a lot of time reading the issues, we recommend downloading
 215         the ZIP file and reading them locally.
 216       </para>
 217       <para>
 218         (NB: <emphasis>partial copy</emphasis> means that not all
 219         links within the lwg-*.html pages will work.  Specifically,
 220         links to defect reports that have not been accorded full DR
 221         status will probably break.  Rather than trying to mirror the
 222         entire issues list on our overworked web server, we recommend
 223         you go to the LWG homepage instead.)
 224       </para>
 225       <para>
 226         If a DR is not listed here, we may simply not have gotten to
 227         it yet; feel free to submit a patch.  Search the include/bits
 228         and src directories for appearances of
 229         <constant>_GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS</constant> for examples
 230         of style.  Note that we usually do not make changes to the
 231         code until an issue has reached <link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-active.html#DR">DR</link> status.
 232       </para>
 233
 234       <variablelist>
 235     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#5">5</link>:
 236         <emphasis>string::compare specification questionable</emphasis>
 237     </term>
 238     <listitem><para>This should be two overloaded functions rather than a single function.
 239     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 240
 241     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#17">17</link>:
 242         <emphasis>Bad bool parsing</emphasis>
 243     </term>
 244     <listitem><para>Apparently extracting Boolean values was messed up...
 245     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 246
 247     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#19">19</link>:
 248         <emphasis>"Noconv" definition too vague</emphasis>
 249     </term>
 250     <listitem><para>If <code>codecvt::do_in</code> returns <code>noconv</code> there are
 251         no changes to the values in <code>[to, to_limit)</code>.
 252     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 253
 254     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#22">22</link>:
 255         <emphasis>Member open vs flags</emphasis>
 256     </term>
 257     <listitem><para>Re-opening a file stream does <emphasis>not</emphasis> clear the state flags.
 258     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 259
 260     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#23">23</link>:
 261         <emphasis>Num_get overflow result</emphasis>
 262     </term>
 263     <listitem><para>Implement the proposed resolution.
 264     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 265
 266     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#25">25</link>:
 267         <emphasis>String operator&lt;&lt; uses width() value wrong</emphasis>
 268     </term>
 269     <listitem><para>Padding issues.
 270     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 271
 272     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#48">48</link>:
 273         <emphasis>Use of non-existent exception constructor</emphasis>
 274     </term>
 275     <listitem><para>An instance of <code>ios_base::failure</code> is constructed instead.
 276     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 277
 278     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#49">49</link>:
 279         <emphasis>Underspecification of ios_base::sync_with_stdio</emphasis>
 280     </term>
 281     <listitem><para>The return type is the <emphasis>previous</emphasis> state of synchronization.
 282     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 283
 284     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#50">50</link>:
 285         <emphasis>Copy constructor and assignment operator of ios_base</emphasis>
 286     </term>
 287     <listitem><para>These members functions are declared <code>private</code> and are
 288         thus inaccessible.  Specifying the correct semantics of
 289         "copying stream state" was deemed too complicated.
 290     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 291
 292     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#60">60</link>:
 293         <emphasis>What is a formatted input function?</emphasis>
 294     </term>
 295     <listitem><para>This DR made many widespread changes to <code>basic_istream</code>
 296         and <code>basic_ostream</code> all of which have been implemented.
 297     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 298
 299     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#63">63</link>:
 300         <emphasis>Exception-handling policy for unformatted output</emphasis>
 301     </term>
 302     <listitem><para>Make the policy consistent with that of formatted input, unformatted
 303         input, and formatted output.
 304     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 305
 306     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#68">68</link>:
 307         <emphasis>Extractors for char* should store null at end</emphasis>
 308     </term>
 309     <listitem><para>And they do now.  An editing glitch in the last item in the list of
 310         [27.6.1.2.3]/7.
 311     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 312
 313     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#74">74</link>:
 314         <emphasis>Garbled text for codecvt::do_max_length</emphasis>
 315     </term>
 316     <listitem><para>The text of the standard was gibberish.  Typos gone rampant.
 317     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 318
 319     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#75">75</link>:
 320         <emphasis>Contradiction in codecvt::length's argument types</emphasis>
 321     </term>
 322     <listitem><para>Change the first parameter to <code>stateT&amp;</code> and implement
 323         the new effects paragraph.
 324     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 325
 326     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#83">83</link>:
 327         <emphasis>string::npos vs. string::max_size()</emphasis>
 328     </term>
 329     <listitem><para>Safety checks on the size of the string should test against
 330         <code>max_size()</code> rather than <code>npos</code>.
 331     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 332
 333     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#90">90</link>:
 334         <emphasis>Incorrect description of operator&gt;&gt; for strings</emphasis>
 335     </term>
 336     <listitem><para>The effect contain <code>isspace(c,getloc())</code> which must be
 337         replaced by <code>isspace(c,is.getloc())</code>.
 338     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 339
 340     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#91">91</link>:
 341         <emphasis>Description of operator&gt;&gt; and getline() for string&lt;&gt;
 342             might cause endless loop</emphasis>
 343     </term>
 344     <listitem><para>They behave as a formatted input function and as an unformatted
 345         input function, respectively (except that <code>getline</code> is
 346         not required to set <code>gcount</code>).
 347     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 348
 349     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#103">103</link>:
 350         <emphasis>set::iterator is required to be modifiable, but this allows
 351             modification of keys.</emphasis>
 352     </term>
 353     <listitem><para>For associative containers where the value type is the same as
 354         the key type, both <code>iterator</code> and <code>const_iterator
 355         </code> are constant iterators.
 356     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 357
 358     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#109">109</link>:
 359         <emphasis>Missing binders for non-const sequence elements</emphasis>
 360     </term>
 361     <listitem><para>The <code>binder1st</code> and <code>binder2nd</code> didn't have an
 362         <code>operator()</code> taking a non-const parameter.
 363     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 364
 365     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#110">110</link>:
 366         <emphasis>istreambuf_iterator::equal not const</emphasis>
 367     </term>
 368     <listitem><para>This was not a const member function.  Note that the DR says to
 369         replace the function with a const one; we have instead provided an
 370         overloaded version with identical contents.
 371     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 372
 373     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#117">117</link>:
 374         <emphasis>basic_ostream uses nonexistent num_put member functions</emphasis>
 375     </term>
 376     <listitem><para><code>num_put::put()</code> was overloaded on the wrong types.
 377     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 378
 379     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#118">118</link>:
 380         <emphasis>basic_istream uses nonexistent num_get member functions</emphasis>
 381     </term>
 382     <listitem><para>Same as 117, but for <code>num_get::get()</code>.
 383     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 384
 385     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#129">129</link>:
 386         <emphasis>Need error indication from seekp() and seekg()</emphasis>
 387     </term>
 388     <listitem><para>These functions set <code>failbit</code> on error now.
 389     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 390
 391     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#130">130</link>:
 392         <emphasis>Return type of container::erase(iterator) differs for associative containers</emphasis>
 393     </term>
 394     <listitem><para>Make member <code>erase</code> return iterator for <code>set</code>, <code>multiset</code>, <code>map</code>, <code>multimap</code>.
 395     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 396
 397     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#136">136</link>:
 398         <emphasis>seekp, seekg setting wrong streams?</emphasis>
 399     </term>
 400     <listitem><para><code>seekp</code> should only set the output stream, and
 401         <code>seekg</code> should only set the input stream.
 402     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 403
 404 <!--<varlistentry><term><ulink url="../ext/lwg-defects.html#159">159</ulink>:
 405         <emphasis>Strange use of underflow()</emphasis>
 406     </term>
 407     <listitem><para>In fstream.tcc, the basic_filebuf&lt;&gt;::showmanyc() function
 408         should probably not be calling <code>underflow()</code>.
 409     </para></listitem></varlistentry> -->
 410
 411     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#167">167</link>:
 412         <emphasis>Improper use of traits_type::length()</emphasis>
 413     </term>
 414     <listitem><para><code>op&lt;&lt;</code> with a <code>const char*</code> was
 415         calculating an incorrect number of characters to write.
 416     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 417
 418     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#169">169</link>:
 419         <emphasis>Bad efficiency of overflow() mandated</emphasis>
 420     </term>
 421     <listitem><para>Grow efficiently the internal array object.
 422     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 423
 424     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#171">171</link>:
 425         <emphasis>Strange seekpos() semantics due to joint position</emphasis>
 426     </term>
 427     <listitem><para>Quite complex to summarize...
 428     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 429
 430     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#181">181</link>:
 431         <emphasis>make_pair() unintended behavior</emphasis>
 432     </term>
 433     <listitem><para>This function used to take its arguments as reference-to-const, now
 434         it copies them (pass by value).
 435     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 436
 437     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#195">195</link>:
 438         <emphasis>Should basic_istream::sentry's constructor ever set eofbit?</emphasis>
 439     </term>
 440     <listitem><para>Yes, it can, specifically if EOF is reached while skipping whitespace.
 441     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 442
 443     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#211">211</link>:
 444         <emphasis>operator&gt;&gt;(istream&amp;, string&amp;) doesn't set failbit</emphasis>
 445     </term>
 446     <listitem><para>If nothing is extracted into the string, <code>op&gt;&gt;</code> now
 447         sets <code>failbit</code> (which can cause an exception, etc., etc.).
 448     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 449
 450     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#214">214</link>:
 451         <emphasis>set::find() missing const overload</emphasis>
 452     </term>
 453     <listitem><para>Both <code>set</code> and <code>multiset</code> were missing
 454         overloaded find, lower_bound, upper_bound, and equal_range functions
 455         for const instances.
 456     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 457
 458     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#231">231</link>:
 459         <emphasis>Precision in iostream?</emphasis>
 460     </term>
 461     <listitem><para>For conversion from a floating-point type, <code>str.precision()</code>
 462         is specified in the conversion specification.
 463     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 464
 465     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#233">233</link>:
 466         <emphasis>Insertion hints in associative containers</emphasis>
 467     </term>
 468     <listitem><para>Implement N1780, first check before then check after, insert as close
 469         to hint as possible.
 470     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 471
 472     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#235">235</link>:
 473         <emphasis>No specification of default ctor for reverse_iterator</emphasis>
 474     </term>
 475     <listitem><para>The declaration of <code>reverse_iterator</code> lists a default constructor.
 476         However, no specification is given what this constructor should do.
 477     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 478
 479     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#241">241</link>:
 480         <emphasis>Does unique_copy() require CopyConstructible and Assignable?</emphasis>
 481     </term>
 482     <listitem><para>Add a helper for forward_iterator/output_iterator, fix the existing
 483         one for input_iterator/output_iterator to not rely on Assignability.
 484     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 485
 486     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#243">243</link>:
 487         <emphasis>get and getline when sentry reports failure</emphasis>
 488     </term>
 489     <listitem><para>Store a null character only if the character array has a non-zero size.
 490     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 491
 492     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#251">251</link>:
 493         <emphasis>basic_stringbuf missing allocator_type</emphasis>
 494     </term>
 495     <listitem><para>This nested typedef was originally not specified.
 496     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 497
 498     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#253">253</link>:
 499         <emphasis>valarray helper functions are almost entirely useless</emphasis>
 500     </term>
 501     <listitem><para>Make the copy constructor and copy-assignment operator declarations
 502         public in gslice_array, indirect_array, mask_array, slice_array; provide
 503         definitions.
 504     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 505
 506     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#265">265</link>:
 507         <emphasis>std::pair::pair() effects overly restrictive</emphasis>
 508     </term>
 509     <listitem><para>The default ctor would build its members from copies of temporaries;
 510         now it simply uses their respective default ctors.
 511     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 512
 513     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#266">266</link>:
 514         <emphasis>bad_exception::~bad_exception() missing Effects clause</emphasis>
 515     </term>
 516     <listitem><para>The <code>bad_</code>* classes no longer have destructors (they
 517         are trivial), since no description of them was ever given.
 518     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 519
 520     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#271">271</link>:
 521         <emphasis>basic_iostream missing typedefs</emphasis>
 522     </term>
 523     <listitem><para>The typedefs it inherits from its base classes can't be used, since
 524         (for example) <code>basic_iostream&lt;T&gt;::traits_type</code> is ambiguous.
 525     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 526
 527     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#275">275</link>:
 528         <emphasis>Wrong type in num_get::get() overloads</emphasis>
 529     </term>
 530     <listitem><para>Similar to 118.
 531     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 532
 533     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#280">280</link>:
 534         <emphasis>Comparison of reverse_iterator to const reverse_iterator</emphasis>
 535     </term>
 536     <listitem><para>Add global functions with two template parameters.
 537         (NB: not added for now a templated assignment operator)
 538     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 539
 540     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#292">292</link>:
 541         <emphasis>Effects of a.copyfmt (a)</emphasis>
 542     </term>
 543     <listitem><para>If <code>(this == &amp;rhs)</code> do nothing.
 544     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 545
 546     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#300">300</link>:
 547         <emphasis>List::merge() specification incomplete</emphasis>
 548     </term>
 549     <listitem><para>If <code>(this == &amp;x)</code> do nothing.
 550     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 551
 552     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#303">303</link>:
 553         <emphasis>Bitset input operator underspecified</emphasis>
 554     </term>
 555     <listitem><para>Basically, compare the input character to
 556                     <code>is.widen(0)</code> and <code>is.widen(1)</code>.
 557     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 558
 559     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#305">305</link>:
 560         <emphasis>Default behavior of codecvt&lt;wchar_t, char,
 561                   mbstate_t&gt;::length()</emphasis>
 562     </term>
 563     <listitem><para>Do not specify what <code>codecvt&lt;wchar_t, char,
 564                     mbstate_t&gt;::do_length</code> must return.
 565     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 566
 567     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#328">328</link>:
 568         <emphasis>Bad sprintf format modifier in
 569                   money_put&lt;&gt;::do_put()</emphasis>
 570     </term>
 571     <listitem><para>Change the format string to "%.0Lf".
 572     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 573
 574     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#365">365</link>:
 575         <emphasis>Lack of const-qualification in clause 27</emphasis>
 576     </term>
 577     <listitem><para>Add const overloads of <code>is_open</code>.
 578     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 579
 580     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#387">387</link>:
 581         <emphasis>std::complex over-encapsulated</emphasis>
 582     </term>
 583     <listitem><para>Add the <code>real(T)</code> and <code>imag(T)</code>
 584                     members;  in C++11 mode, also adjust the existing
 585                     <code>real()</code> and <code>imag()</code> members and
 586                     free functions.
 587     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 588
 589     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#389">389</link>:
 590         <emphasis>Const overload of valarray::operator[] returns
 591                   by value</emphasis>
 592     </term>
 593     <listitem><para>Change it to return a <code>const T&amp;</code>.
 594     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 595
 596     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#396">396</link>:
 597         <emphasis>what are characters zero and one</emphasis>
 598     </term>
 599     <listitem><para>Implement the proposed resolution.
 600     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 601
 602     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#402">402</link>:
 603         <emphasis>Wrong new expression in [some_]allocator::construct</emphasis>
 604     </term>
 605     <listitem><para>Replace "new" with "::new".
 606     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 607
 608     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-closed.html#408">408</link>:
 609         <emphasis>
 610         Is vector&lt;reverse_iterator&lt;char*&gt; &gt; forbidden?
 611         </emphasis>
 612     </term>
 613     <listitem><para>Tweak the debug-mode checks in _Safe_iterator.
 614     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 615
 616     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#409">409</link>:
 617         <emphasis>Closing an fstream should clear the error state</emphasis>
 618     </term>
 619     <listitem><para>Have <code>open</code> clear the error flags.
 620     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 621
 622     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-closed.html#431">431</link>:
 623         <emphasis>Swapping containers with unequal allocators</emphasis>
 624     </term>
 625     <listitem><para>Implement Option 3, as per N1599.
 626     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 627
 628     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#432">432</link>:
 629         <emphasis>stringbuf::overflow() makes only one write position
 630             available</emphasis>
 631     </term>
 632     <listitem><para>Implement the resolution, beyond DR 169.
 633     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 634
 635     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#434">434</link>:
 636         <emphasis>bitset::to_string() hard to use</emphasis>
 637     </term>
 638     <listitem><para>Add three overloads, taking fewer template arguments.
 639     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 640
 641     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#438">438</link>:
 642         <emphasis>Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause</emphasis>
 643     </term>
 644     <listitem><para>Implement the resolution, basically cast less.
 645     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 646
 647     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#453">453</link>:
 648         <emphasis>basic_stringbuf::seekoff need not always fail for an empty stream</emphasis>
 649     </term>
 650     <listitem><para>Don't fail if the next pointer is null and newoff is zero.
 651     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 652
 653     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#455">455</link>:
 654         <emphasis>cerr::tie() and wcerr::tie() are overspecified</emphasis>
 655     </term>
 656     <listitem><para>Initialize cerr tied to cout and wcerr tied to wcout.
 657     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 658
 659     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#464">464</link>:
 660         <emphasis>Suggestion for new member functions in standard containers</emphasis>
 661     </term>
 662     <listitem><para>Add <code>data()</code> to <code>std::vector</code> and
 663         <code>at(const key_type&amp;)</code> to <code>std::map</code>.
 664     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 665
 666     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#508">508</link>:
 667         <emphasis>Bad parameters for ranlux64_base_01</emphasis>
 668     </term>
 669     <listitem><para>Fix the parameters.
 670     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 671
 672     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-closed.html#512">512</link>:
 673         <emphasis>Seeding subtract_with_carry_01 from a single unsigned long</emphasis>
 674     </term>
 675     <listitem><para>Construct a <code>linear_congruential</code> engine and seed with it.
 676     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 677
 678     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-closed.html#526">526</link>:
 679         <emphasis>Is it undefined if a function in the standard changes in
 680             parameters?</emphasis>
 681     </term>
 682     <listitem><para>Use &amp;value.
 683     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 684
 685     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#538">538</link>:
 686         <emphasis>241 again: Does unique_copy() require CopyConstructible
 687             and Assignable?</emphasis>
 688     </term>
 689     <listitem><para>In case of input_iterator/output_iterator rely on Assignability of
 690         input_iterator' value_type.
 691     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 692
 693     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#539">539</link>:
 694         <emphasis>partial_sum and adjacent_difference should mention
 695             requirements</emphasis>
 696     </term>
 697     <listitem><para>We were almost doing the right thing, just use std::move
 698         in adjacent_difference.
 699     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 700
 701     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#541">541</link>:
 702         <emphasis>shared_ptr template assignment and void</emphasis>
 703     </term>
 704     <listitem><para>Add an auto_ptr&lt;void&gt; specialization.
 705     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 706
 707     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#543">543</link>:
 708         <emphasis>valarray slice default constructor</emphasis>
 709     </term>
 710     <listitem><para>Follow the straightforward proposed resolution.
 711     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 712
 713     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#550">550</link>:
 714         <emphasis>What should the return type of pow(float,int) be?</emphasis>
 715     </term>
 716     <listitem><para>In C++11 mode, remove the pow(float,int), etc., signatures.
 717     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 718
 719     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#586">586</link>:
 720         <emphasis>string inserter not a formatted function</emphasis>
 721     </term>
 722     <listitem><para>Change it to be a formatted output function (i.e. catch exceptions).
 723     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 724
 725     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#596">596</link>:
 726         <emphasis>27.8.1.3 Table 112 omits "a+" and "a+b" modes</emphasis>
 727     </term>
 728     <listitem><para>Add the missing modes to fopen_mode.
 729     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 730
 731     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#630">630</link>:
 732         <emphasis>arrays of valarray</emphasis>
 733     </term>
 734     <listitem><para>Implement the simple resolution.
 735     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 736
 737     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#660">660</link>:
 738         <emphasis>Missing bitwise operations</emphasis>
 739     </term>
 740     <listitem><para>Add the missing operations.
 741     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 742
 743     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#691">691</link>:
 744         <emphasis>const_local_iterator cbegin, cend missing from TR1</emphasis>
 745     </term>
 746     <listitem><para>In C++11 mode add cbegin(size_type) and cend(size_type)
 747                     to the unordered containers.
 748     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 749
 750     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#693">693</link>:
 751         <emphasis>std::bitset::all() missing</emphasis>
 752     </term>
 753     <listitem><para>Add it, consistently with the discussion.
 754     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 755
 756     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#695">695</link>:
 757         <emphasis>ctype&lt;char&gt;::classic_table() not accessible</emphasis>
 758     </term>
 759     <listitem><para>Make the member functions table and classic_table public.
 760     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 761
 762     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#696">696</link>:
 763         <emphasis>istream::operator&gt;&gt;(int&amp;) broken</emphasis>
 764     </term>
 765     <listitem><para>Implement the straightforward resolution.
 766     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 767
 768     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#761">761</link>:
 769         <emphasis>unordered_map needs an at() member function</emphasis>
 770     </term>
 771     <listitem><para>In C++11 mode, add at() and at() const.
 772     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 773
 774     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#775">775</link>:
 775         <emphasis>Tuple indexing should be unsigned?</emphasis>
 776     </term>
 777     <listitem><para>Implement the int -&gt; size_t replacements.
 778     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 779
 780     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#776">776</link>:
 781         <emphasis>Undescribed assign function of std::array</emphasis>
 782     </term>
 783     <listitem><para>In C++11 mode, remove assign, add fill.
 784     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 785
 786     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#781">781</link>:
 787         <emphasis>std::complex should add missing C99 functions</emphasis>
 788     </term>
 789     <listitem><para>In C++11 mode, add std::proj.
 790     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 791
 792     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#809">809</link>:
 793         <emphasis>std::swap should be overloaded for array types</emphasis>
 794     </term>
 795     <listitem><para>Add the overload.
 796     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 797
 798     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#853">853</link>:
 799         <emphasis>to_string needs updating with zero and one</emphasis>
 800     </term>
 801     <listitem><para>Update / add the signatures.
 802     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 803
 804     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#865">865</link>:
 805         <emphasis>More algorithms that throw away information</emphasis>
 806     </term>
 807     <listitem><para>The traditional HP / SGI return type and value is blessed
 808                     by the resolution of the DR.
 809     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 810
 811     <varlistentry><term><link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="../ext/lwg-defects.html#1339">1339</link>:
 812        <emphasis>uninitialized_fill_n should return the end of its range</emphasis>
 813     </term>
 814     <listitem><para>Return the end of the filled range.
 815     </para></listitem></varlistentry>
 816
 817   </variablelist>
 818
 819  </section>
 820   </section>
 821 </chapter>
 822
 823
 824 <!-- Chapter 02 : Setup -->
 825 <chapter xml:id="manual.intro.setup" xreflabel="Setup"><info><title>Setup</title></info>
 826   <?dbhtml filename="setup.html"?>
 827
 828
 829    <para>To transform libstdc++ sources into installed include files
 830    and properly built binaries useful for linking to other software is
 831    a multi-step process. Steps include getting the sources,
 832    configuring and building the sources, testing, and installation.
 833    </para>
 834
 835    <para>The general outline of commands is something like:
 836    </para>
 837
 838    <programlisting>
 839    <replaceable>get gcc sources</replaceable>
 840    <replaceable>extract into gccsrcdir</replaceable>
 841    mkdir <replaceable>gccbuilddir</replaceable>
 842    cd <replaceable>gccbuilddir</replaceable>
 843    <replaceable>gccsrcdir</replaceable>/configure --prefix=<replaceable>destdir</replaceable> --other-opts...
 844    make
 845    make check
 846    make install
 847    </programlisting>
 848
 849    <para>
 850      Each step is described in more detail in the following sections.
 851    </para>
 852
 853   <!-- Section 01 : Prerequisites -->
 854   <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" parse="xml" href="prerequisites.xml">
 855   </xi:include>
 856
 857   <!-- Section 02 : Configure -->
 858   <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" parse="xml" href="configure.xml">
 859   </xi:include>
 860
 861   <!-- Section 03 : Make -->
 862 <section xml:id="manual.intro.setup.make" xreflabel="Make"><info><title>Make</title></info>
 863   <?dbhtml filename="make.html"?>
 864
 865    <para>If you have never done this before, you should read the basic
 866       <link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://gcc.gnu.org/install/">GCC Installation
 867       Instructions</link> first.  Read <emphasis>all of them</emphasis>.
 868       <emphasis>Twice.</emphasis>
 869    </para>
 870
 871 <para>Then type: <command>make</command>, and congratulations, you've
 872 started to build.
 873 </para>
 874
 875 </section>
 876
 877 </chapter>
 878
 879 <!-- Chapter 03 : Using -->
 880 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" parse="xml" href="using.xml">
 881 </xi:include>
 882
 883 </part>