1 <?xml version='
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2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC
"-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % entities SYSTEM
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9 This file is part of systemd.
11 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
13 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
14 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
15 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
16 (at your option) any later version.
18 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
19 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
20 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
21 Lesser General Public License for more details.
23 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
24 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
27 <refentry id=
"systemctl"
28 xmlns:
xi=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
31 <title>systemctl
</title>
32 <productname>systemd
</productname>
36 <contrib>Developer
</contrib>
37 <firstname>Lennart
</firstname>
38 <surname>Poettering
</surname>
39 <email>lennart@poettering.net
</email>
45 <refentrytitle>systemctl
</refentrytitle>
46 <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
50 <refname>systemctl
</refname>
51 <refpurpose>Control the systemd system and service manager
</refpurpose>
56 <command>systemctl
</command>
57 <arg choice=
"opt" rep=
"repeat">OPTIONS
</arg>
58 <arg choice=
"plain">COMMAND
</arg>
59 <arg choice=
"opt" rep=
"repeat">NAME
</arg>
64 <title>Description
</title>
66 <para><command>systemctl
</command> may be used to introspect and
67 control the state of the
<literal>systemd
</literal> system and
68 service manager. Please refer to
69 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
70 for an introduction into the basic concepts and functionality this
75 <title>Options
</title>
77 <para>The following options are understood:
</para>
81 <term><option>-t
</option></term>
82 <term><option>--type=
</option></term>
85 <para>The argument should be a comma-separated list of unit
86 types such as
<option>service
</option> and
87 <option>socket
</option>.
90 <para>If one of the arguments is a unit type, when listing
91 units, limit display to certain unit types. Otherwise, units
92 of all types will be shown.
</para>
94 <para>As a special case, if one of the arguments is
95 <option>help
</option>, a list of allowed values will be
96 printed and the program will exit.
</para>
101 <term><option>--state=
</option></term>
104 <para>The argument should be a comma-separated list of unit
105 LOAD, SUB, or ACTIVE states. When listing units, show only
106 those in the specified states. Use
<option>--state=failed
</option>
107 to show only failed units.
</para>
109 <para>As a special case, if one of the arguments is
110 <option>help
</option>, a list of allowed values will be
111 printed and the program will exit.
</para>
116 <term><option>-p
</option></term>
117 <term><option>--property=
</option></term>
120 <para>When showing unit/job/manager properties with the
121 <command>show
</command> command, limit display to properties
122 specified in the argument. The argument should be a
123 comma-separated list of property names, such as
124 <literal>MainPID
</literal>. Unless specified, all known
125 properties are shown. If specified more than once, all
126 properties with the specified names are shown. Shell
127 completion is implemented for property names.
</para>
129 <para>For the manager itself,
130 <command>systemctl show
</command> will show all available
131 properties. Those properties are documented in
132 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
135 <para>Properties for units vary by unit type, so showing any
136 unit (even a non-existent one) is a way to list properties
137 pertaining to this type. Similarly, showing any job will list
138 properties pertaining to all jobs. Properties for units are
140 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
141 and the pages for individual unit types
142 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
143 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
149 <term><option>-a
</option></term>
150 <term><option>--all
</option></term>
153 <para>When listing units with
<command>list-units
</command>, also show inactive units and
154 units which are following other units. When showing unit/job/manager properties, show all
155 properties regardless whether they are set or not.
</para>
157 <para>To list all units installed in the file system, use the
158 <command>list-unit-files
</command> command instead.
</para>
160 <para>When listing units with
<command>list-dependencies
</command>, recursively show
161 dependencies of all dependent units (by default only dependencies of target units are
167 <term><option>-r
</option></term>
168 <term><option>--recursive
</option></term>
171 <para>When listing units, also show units of local
172 containers. Units of local containers will be prefixed with
173 the container name, separated by a single colon character
174 (
<literal>:
</literal>).
</para>
179 <term><option>--reverse
</option></term>
182 <para>Show reverse dependencies between units with
183 <command>list-dependencies
</command>, i.e. follow
184 dependencies of type
<varname>WantedBy=
</varname>,
185 <varname>RequiredBy=
</varname>,
186 <varname>PartOf=
</varname>,
<varname>BoundBy=
</varname>,
187 instead of
<varname>Wants=
</varname> and similar.
193 <term><option>--after
</option></term>
196 <para>With
<command>list-dependencies
</command>, show the
197 units that are ordered before the specified unit. In other
198 words, recursively list units following the
199 <varname>After=
</varname> dependency.
</para>
201 <para>Note that any
<varname>After=
</varname> dependency is
202 automatically mirrored to create a
203 <varname>Before=
</varname> dependency. Temporal dependencies
204 may be specified explicitly, but are also created implicitly
205 for units which are
<varname>WantedBy=
</varname> targets
207 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>),
208 and as a result of other directives (for example
209 <varname>RequiresMountsFor=
</varname>). Both explicitly
210 and implicitly introduced dependencies are shown with
211 <command>list-dependencies
</command>.
</para>
216 <term><option>--before
</option></term>
219 <para>With
<command>list-dependencies
</command>, show the
220 units that are ordered after the specified unit. In other
221 words, recursively list units following the
222 <varname>Before=
</varname> dependency.
</para>
227 <term><option>-l
</option></term>
228 <term><option>--full
</option></term>
231 <para>Do not ellipsize unit names, process tree entries,
232 journal output, or truncate unit descriptions in the output
233 of
<command>status
</command>,
<command>list-units
</command>,
234 <command>list-jobs
</command>, and
235 <command>list-timers
</command>.
</para>
240 <term><option>--value
</option></term>
243 <para>When printing properties with
<command>show
</command>,
244 only print the value, and skip the property name and
245 <literal>=
</literal>.
</para>
250 <term><option>--show-types
</option></term>
253 <para>When showing sockets, show the type of the socket.
</para>
258 <term><option>--job-mode=
</option></term>
261 <para>When queuing a new job, this option controls how to deal with
262 already queued jobs. It takes one of
<literal>fail
</literal>,
263 <literal>replace
</literal>,
264 <literal>replace-irreversibly
</literal>,
265 <literal>isolate
</literal>,
266 <literal>ignore-dependencies
</literal>,
267 <literal>ignore-requirements
</literal> or
268 <literal>flush
</literal>. Defaults to
269 <literal>replace
</literal>, except when the
270 <command>isolate
</command> command is used which implies the
271 <literal>isolate
</literal> job mode.
</para>
273 <para>If
<literal>fail
</literal> is specified and a requested
274 operation conflicts with a pending job (more specifically:
275 causes an already pending start job to be reversed into a stop
276 job or vice versa), cause the operation to fail.
</para>
278 <para>If
<literal>replace
</literal> (the default) is
279 specified, any conflicting pending job will be replaced, as
282 <para>If
<literal>replace-irreversibly
</literal> is specified,
283 operate like
<literal>replace
</literal>, but also mark the new
284 jobs as irreversible. This prevents future conflicting
285 transactions from replacing these jobs (or even being enqueued
286 while the irreversible jobs are still pending). Irreversible
287 jobs can still be cancelled using the
<command>cancel
</command>
290 <para><literal>isolate
</literal> is only valid for start
291 operations and causes all other units to be stopped when the
292 specified unit is started. This mode is always used when the
293 <command>isolate
</command> command is used.
</para>
295 <para><literal>flush
</literal> will cause all queued jobs to
296 be canceled when the new job is enqueued.
</para>
298 <para>If
<literal>ignore-dependencies
</literal> is specified,
299 then all unit dependencies are ignored for this new job and
300 the operation is executed immediately. If passed, no required
301 units of the unit passed will be pulled in, and no ordering
302 dependencies will be honored. This is mostly a debugging and
303 rescue tool for the administrator and should not be used by
306 <para><literal>ignore-requirements
</literal> is similar to
307 <literal>ignore-dependencies
</literal>, but only causes the
308 requirement dependencies to be ignored, the ordering
309 dependencies will still be honoured.
</para>
315 <term><option>--fail
</option></term>
318 <para>Shorthand for
<option>--job-mode=
</option>fail.
</para>
319 <para>When used with the
<command>kill
</command> command,
320 if no units were killed, the operation results in an error.
326 <term><option>-i
</option></term>
327 <term><option>--ignore-inhibitors
</option></term>
330 <para>When system shutdown or a sleep state is requested,
331 ignore inhibitor locks. Applications can establish inhibitor
332 locks to avoid that certain important operations (such as CD
333 burning or suchlike) are interrupted by system shutdown or a
334 sleep state. Any user may take these locks and privileged
335 users may override these locks. If any locks are taken,
336 shutdown and sleep state requests will normally fail
337 (regardless of whether privileged or not) and a list of active locks
338 is printed. However, if
<option>--ignore-inhibitors
</option>
339 is specified, the locks are ignored and not printed, and the
340 operation attempted anyway, possibly requiring additional
346 <term><option>-q
</option></term>
347 <term><option>--quiet
</option></term>
350 <para>Suppress printing of the results of various commands
351 and also the hints about truncated log lines. This does not
352 suppress output of commands for which the printed output is
353 the only result (like
<command>show
</command>). Errors are
354 always printed.
</para>
359 <term><option>--no-block
</option></term>
362 <para>Do not synchronously wait for the requested operation
363 to finish. If this is not specified, the job will be
364 verified, enqueued and
<command>systemctl
</command> will
365 wait until the unit's start-up is completed. By passing this
366 argument, it is only verified and enqueued. This option may not be
367 combined with
<option>--wait
</option>.
</para>
372 <term><option>--wait
</option></term>
375 <para>Synchronously wait for started units to terminate again.
376 This option may not be combined with
<option>--no-block
</option>.
377 Note that this will wait forever if any given unit never terminates
378 (by itself or by getting stopped explicitly); particularly services
379 which use
<literal>RemainAfterExit=yes
</literal>.
</para>
383 <xi:include href=
"user-system-options.xml" xpointer=
"user" />
384 <xi:include href=
"user-system-options.xml" xpointer=
"system" />
386 <!-- we do not document -failed here, as it has been made
387 redundant by -state=failed, which it predates. To keep
388 things simple, we only document the new switch, while
389 keeping the old one around for compatibility only. -->
392 <term><option>--no-wall
</option></term>
395 <para>Do not send wall message before halt, power-off,
401 <term><option>--global
</option></term>
404 <para>When used with
<command>enable
</command> and
405 <command>disable
</command>, operate on the global user
406 configuration directory, thus enabling or disabling a unit
407 file globally for all future logins of all users.
</para>
412 <term><option>--no-reload
</option></term>
415 <para>When used with
<command>enable
</command> and
416 <command>disable
</command>, do not implicitly reload daemon
417 configuration after executing the changes.
</para>
422 <term><option>--no-ask-password
</option></term>
425 <para>When used with
<command>start
</command> and related
426 commands, disables asking for passwords. Background services
427 may require input of a password or passphrase string, for
428 example to unlock system hard disks or cryptographic
429 certificates. Unless this option is specified and the
430 command is invoked from a terminal,
431 <command>systemctl
</command> will query the user on the
432 terminal for the necessary secrets. Use this option to
433 switch this behavior off. In this case, the password must be
434 supplied by some other means (for example graphical password
435 agents) or the service might fail. This also disables
436 querying the user for authentication for privileged
442 <term><option>--kill-who=
</option></term>
445 <para>When used with
<command>kill
</command>, choose which
446 processes to send a signal to. Must be one of
447 <option>main
</option>,
<option>control
</option> or
448 <option>all
</option> to select whether to kill only the main
449 process, the control process or all processes of the
450 unit. The main process of the unit is the one that defines
451 the life-time of it. A control process of a unit is one that
452 is invoked by the manager to induce state changes of it. For
453 example, all processes started due to the
454 <varname>ExecStartPre=
</varname>,
455 <varname>ExecStop=
</varname> or
456 <varname>ExecReload=
</varname> settings of service units are
457 control processes. Note that there is only one control
458 process per unit at a time, as only one state change is
459 executed at a time. For services of type
460 <varname>Type=forking
</varname>, the initial process started
461 by the manager for
<varname>ExecStart=
</varname> is a
462 control process, while the process ultimately forked off by
463 that one is then considered the main process of the unit (if
464 it can be determined). This is different for service units
465 of other types, where the process forked off by the manager
466 for
<varname>ExecStart=
</varname> is always the main process
467 itself. A service unit consists of zero or one main process,
468 zero or one control process plus any number of additional
469 processes. Not all unit types manage processes of these
470 types however. For example, for mount units, control processes
471 are defined (which are the invocations of
472 <filename>&MOUNT_PATH;</filename> and
473 <filename>&UMOUNT_PATH;</filename>), but no main process
474 is defined. If omitted, defaults to
475 <option>all
</option>.
</para>
481 <term><option>-s
</option></term>
482 <term><option>--signal=
</option></term>
485 <para>When used with
<command>kill
</command>, choose which
486 signal to send to selected processes. Must be one of the
487 well-known signal specifiers such as
<constant>SIGTERM
</constant>,
<constant>SIGINT
</constant> or
488 <constant>SIGSTOP
</constant>. If omitted, defaults to
489 <option>SIGTERM
</option>.
</para>
494 <term><option>-f
</option></term>
495 <term><option>--force
</option></term>
498 <para>When used with
<command>enable
</command>, overwrite
499 any existing conflicting symlinks.
</para>
501 <para>When used with
<command>edit
</command>, create all of the
502 specified units which do not already exist.
</para>
504 <para>When used with
<command>halt
</command>,
<command>poweroff
</command>,
<command>reboot
</command> or
505 <command>kexec
</command>, execute the selected operation without shutting down all units. However, all
506 processes will be killed forcibly and all file systems are unmounted or remounted read-only. This is hence a
507 drastic but relatively safe option to request an immediate reboot. If
<option>--force
</option> is specified
508 twice for these operations (with the exception of
<command>kexec
</command>), they will be executed
509 immediately, without terminating any processes or unmounting any file systems. Warning: specifying
510 <option>--force
</option> twice with any of these operations might result in data loss. Note that when
511 <option>--force
</option> is specified twice the selected operation is executed by
512 <command>systemctl
</command> itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should
513 succeed even when the system manager hangs or crashed.
</para>
518 <term><option>--message=
</option></term>
521 <para>When used with
<command>halt
</command>,
522 <command>poweroff
</command>,
<command>reboot
</command> or
523 <command>kexec
</command>, set a short message explaining the reason
524 for the operation. The message will be logged together with the
525 default shutdown message.
</para>
530 <term><option>--now
</option></term>
533 <para>When used with
<command>enable
</command>, the units
534 will also be started. When used with
<command>disable
</command> or
535 <command>mask
</command>, the units will also be stopped. The start
536 or stop operation is only carried out when the respective enable or
537 disable operation has been successful.
</para>
542 <term><option>--root=
</option></term>
546 <command>enable
</command>/
<command>disable
</command>/
<command>is-enabled
</command>
547 (and related commands), use an alternate root path when
548 looking for unit files.
</para>
554 <term><option>--runtime
</option></term>
557 <para>When used with
<command>enable
</command>,
558 <command>disable
</command>,
<command>edit
</command>,
559 (and related commands), make changes only temporarily, so
560 that they are lost on the next reboot. This will have the
561 effect that changes are not made in subdirectories of
562 <filename>/etc
</filename> but in
<filename>/run
</filename>,
563 with identical immediate effects, however, since the latter
564 is lost on reboot, the changes are lost too.
</para>
566 <para>Similarly, when used with
567 <command>set-property
</command>, make changes only
568 temporarily, so that they are lost on the next
574 <term><option>--preset-mode=
</option></term>
577 <para>Takes one of
<literal>full
</literal> (the default),
578 <literal>enable-only
</literal>,
579 <literal>disable-only
</literal>. When used with the
580 <command>preset
</command> or
<command>preset-all
</command>
581 commands, controls whether units shall be disabled and
582 enabled according to the preset rules, or only enabled, or
583 only disabled.
</para>
588 <term><option>-n
</option></term>
589 <term><option>--lines=
</option></term>
592 <para>When used with
<command>status
</command>, controls the
593 number of journal lines to show, counting from the most
594 recent ones. Takes a positive integer argument. Defaults to
600 <term><option>-o
</option></term>
601 <term><option>--output=
</option></term>
604 <para>When used with
<command>status
</command>, controls the
605 formatting of the journal entries that are shown. For the
606 available choices, see
607 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
608 Defaults to
<literal>short
</literal>.
</para>
613 <term><option>--firmware-setup
</option></term>
616 <para>When used with the
<command>reboot
</command> command,
617 indicate to the system's firmware to boot into setup
618 mode. Note that this is currently only supported on some EFI
619 systems and only if the system was booted in EFI
625 <term><option>--plain
</option></term>
628 <para>When used with
<command>list-dependencies
</command>,
629 <command>list-units
</command> or
<command>list-machines
</command>,
630 the output is printed as a list instead of a tree, and the bullet
631 circles are omitted.
</para>
635 <xi:include href=
"user-system-options.xml" xpointer=
"host" />
636 <xi:include href=
"user-system-options.xml" xpointer=
"machine" />
638 <xi:include href=
"standard-options.xml" xpointer=
"no-pager" />
639 <xi:include href=
"standard-options.xml" xpointer=
"no-legend" />
640 <xi:include href=
"standard-options.xml" xpointer=
"help" />
641 <xi:include href=
"standard-options.xml" xpointer=
"version" />
646 <title>Commands
</title>
648 <para>The following commands are understood:
</para>
651 <title>Unit Commands
</title>
655 <term><command>list-units
<optional><replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</optional></command></term>
658 <para>List units that
<command>systemd
</command> has loaded. This includes units that are either referenced
659 directly or through a dependency, units that are pinned by applications programmatically, or units that
660 were active in the past and have failed. By default only units which are active, have pending jobs, or have
661 failed are shown; this can be changed with option
<option>--all
</option>. If one or more
662 <replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>s are specified, only units matching one of them are shown. The units
663 that are shown are additionally filtered by
<option>--type=
</option> and
<option>--state=
</option> if those
664 options are specified.
</para>
666 <para>This is the default command.
</para>
671 <term><command>list-sockets
<optional><replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</optional></command></term>
674 <para>List socket units ordered by listening address.
675 If one or more
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>s are
676 specified, only socket units matching one of them are
677 shown. Produces output similar to
679 LISTEN UNIT ACTIVATES
680 /dev/initctl systemd-initctl.socket systemd-initctl.service
682 [::]:
22 sshd.socket sshd.service
683 kobject-uevent
1 systemd-udevd-kernel.socket systemd-udevd.service
685 5 sockets listed.
</programlisting>
686 Note: because the addresses might contains spaces, this output
687 is not suitable for programmatic consumption.
690 <para>See also the options
<option>--show-types
</option>,
691 <option>--all
</option>, and
<option>--state=
</option>.
</para>
696 <term><command>list-timers
<optional><replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</optional></command></term>
699 <para>List timer units ordered by the time they elapse
700 next. If one or more
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>s
701 are specified, only units matching one of them are shown.
704 <para>See also the options
<option>--all
</option> and
705 <option>--state=
</option>.
</para>
710 <term><command>start
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
713 <para>Start (activate) one or more units specified on the
716 <para>Note that glob patterns operate on the set of primary names of currently loaded units. Units which
717 are not active and are not in a failed state usually are not loaded, and will not be matched by any
718 pattern. In addition, in case of instantiated units, systemd is often unaware of the instance name until
719 the instance has been started. Therefore, using glob patterns with
<command>start
</command> has limited
720 usefulness. Also, secondary alias names of units are not considered.
</para>
724 <term><command>stop
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
727 <para>Stop (deactivate) one or more units specified on the
732 <term><command>reload
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
735 <para>Asks all units listed on the command line to reload
736 their configuration. Note that this will reload the
737 service-specific configuration, not the unit configuration
738 file of systemd. If you want systemd to reload the
739 configuration file of a unit, use the
740 <command>daemon-reload
</command> command. In other words:
741 for the example case of Apache, this will reload Apache's
742 <filename>httpd.conf
</filename> in the web server, not the
743 <filename>apache.service
</filename> systemd unit
746 <para>This command should not be confused with the
747 <command>daemon-reload
</command> command.
</para>
752 <term><command>restart
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
755 <para>Restart one or more units specified on the command
756 line. If the units are not running yet, they will be
761 <term><command>try-restart
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
764 <para>Restart one or more units specified on the command
765 line if the units are running. This does nothing if units are not
767 <!-- Note that we don't document condrestart here, as that is just compatibility support, and we generally
768 don't document that. -->
772 <term><command>reload-or-restart
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
775 <para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not,
776 restart them instead. If the units are not running yet, they
777 will be started.
</para>
781 <term><command>try-reload-or-restart
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
784 <para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not,
785 restart them instead. This does nothing if the units are not
787 <!-- Note that we don't document force-reload here, as that is just compatibility support, and we generally
788 don't document that. -->
792 <term><command>isolate
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable></command></term>
795 <para>Start the unit specified on the command line and its
796 dependencies and stop all others. If a unit name with no
797 extension is given, an extension of
798 <literal>.target
</literal> will be assumed.
</para>
800 <para>This is similar to changing the runlevel in a
801 traditional init system. The
<command>isolate
</command>
802 command will immediately stop processes that are not enabled
803 in the new unit, possibly including the graphical
804 environment or terminal you are currently using.
</para>
806 <para>Note that this is allowed only on units where
807 <option>AllowIsolate=
</option> is enabled. See
808 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
813 <term><command>kill
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
816 <para>Send a signal to one or more processes of the
817 unit. Use
<option>--kill-who=
</option> to select which
818 process to kill. Use
<option>--signal=
</option> to select
819 the signal to send.
</para>
823 <term><command>is-active
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
826 <para>Check whether any of the specified units are active
827 (i.e. running). Returns an exit code
828 <constant>0</constant> if at least one is active, or
829 non-zero otherwise. Unless
<option>--quiet
</option> is
830 specified, this will also print the current unit state to
831 standard output.
</para>
835 <term><command>is-failed
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
838 <para>Check whether any of the specified units are in a
839 "failed" state. Returns an exit code
840 <constant>0</constant> if at least one has failed,
841 non-zero otherwise. Unless
<option>--quiet
</option> is
842 specified, this will also print the current unit state to
843 standard output.
</para>
847 <term><command>status
</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...|
<replaceable>PID
</replaceable>...]
</optional></term>
850 <para>Show terse runtime status information about one or
851 more units, followed by most recent log data from the
852 journal. If no units are specified, show system status. If
853 combined with
<option>--all
</option>, also show the status of
854 all units (subject to limitations specified with
855 <option>-t
</option>). If a PID is passed, show information
856 about the unit the process belongs to.
</para>
858 <para>This function is intended to generate human-readable
859 output. If you are looking for computer-parsable output,
860 use
<command>show
</command> instead. By default, this
861 function only shows
10 lines of output and ellipsizes
862 lines to fit in the terminal window. This can be changed
863 with
<option>--lines
</option> and
<option>--full
</option>,
864 see above. In addition,
<command>journalctl
865 --unit=
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable></command> or
867 --user-unit=
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable></command> use
868 a similar filter for messages and might be more
874 <term><command>show
</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...|
<replaceable>JOB
</replaceable>...
</optional></term>
877 <para>Show properties of one or more units, jobs, or the
878 manager itself. If no argument is specified, properties of
879 the manager will be shown. If a unit name is specified,
880 properties of the unit is shown, and if a job ID is
881 specified, properties of the job is shown. By default, empty
882 properties are suppressed. Use
<option>--all
</option> to
883 show those too. To select specific properties to show, use
884 <option>--property=
</option>. This command is intended to be
885 used whenever computer-parsable output is required. Use
886 <command>status
</command> if you are looking for formatted
887 human-readable output.
</para>
891 <term><command>cat
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
894 <para>Show backing files of one or more units. Prints the
895 "fragment" and
"drop-ins" (source files) of units. Each
896 file is preceded by a comment which includes the file
901 <term><command>set-property
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable> <replaceable>ASSIGNMENT
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
904 <para>Set the specified unit properties at runtime where
905 this is supported. This allows changing configuration
906 parameter properties such as resource control settings at
907 runtime. Not all properties may be changed at runtime, but
908 many resource control settings (primarily those in
909 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
910 may. The changes are applied instantly, and stored on disk
911 for future boots, unless
<option>--runtime
</option> is
912 passed, in which case the settings only apply until the
913 next reboot. The syntax of the property assignment follows
914 closely the syntax of assignments in unit files.
</para>
916 <para>Example:
<command>systemctl set-property foobar.service CPUShares=
777</command></para>
918 <para>If the specified unit appears to be inactive, the
919 changes will be only stored on disk as described
920 previously hence they will be effective when the unit will
923 <para>Note that this command allows changing multiple
924 properties at the same time, which is preferable over
925 setting them individually. Like unit file configuration
926 settings, assigning the empty list to list parameters will
927 reset the list.
</para>
932 <term><command>help
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...|
<replaceable>PID
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
935 <para>Show manual pages for one or more units, if
936 available. If a PID is given, the manual pages for the unit
937 the process belongs to are shown.
</para>
942 <term><command>reset-failed [
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...]
</command></term>
945 <para>Reset the
<literal>failed
</literal> state of the
946 specified units, or if no unit name is passed, reset the state of all
947 units. When a unit fails in some way (i.e. process exiting
948 with non-zero error code, terminating abnormally or timing
949 out), it will automatically enter the
950 <literal>failed
</literal> state and its exit code and status
951 is recorded for introspection by the administrator until the
952 service is restarted or reset with this command.
</para>
958 <command>list-dependencies
</command>
959 <optional><replaceable>NAME
</replaceable></optional>
963 <para>Shows units required and wanted by the specified
964 unit. This recursively lists units following the
965 <varname>Requires=
</varname>,
966 <varname>Requisite=
</varname>,
967 <varname>ConsistsOf=
</varname>,
968 <varname>Wants=
</varname>,
<varname>BindsTo=
</varname>
969 dependencies. If no unit is specified,
970 <filename>default.target
</filename> is implied.
</para>
972 <para>By default, only target units are recursively
973 expanded. When
<option>--all
</option> is passed, all other
974 units are recursively expanded as well.
</para>
976 <para>Options
<option>--reverse
</option>,
977 <option>--after
</option>,
<option>--before
</option>
978 may be used to change what types of dependencies
986 <title>Unit File Commands
</title>
990 <term><command>list-unit-files
<optional><replaceable>PATTERN...
</replaceable></optional></command></term>
993 <para>List unit files installed on the system, in combination with their enablement state (as reported by
994 <command>is-enabled
</command>). If one or more
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>s are specified, only unit
995 files whose name matches one of them are shown (patterns matching unit file system paths are not
1001 <term><command>enable
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1002 <term><command>enable
<replaceable>PATH
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1005 <para>Enable one or more units or unit instances. This will create a set of symlinks, as encoded in the
1006 <literal>[Install]
</literal> sections of the indicated unit files. After the symlinks have been created,
1007 the system manager configuration is reloaded (in a way equivalent to
<command>daemon-reload
</command>), in
1008 order to ensure the changes are taken into account immediately. Note that this does
1009 <emphasis>not
</emphasis> have the effect of also starting any of the units being enabled. If this is
1010 desired, combine this command with the
<option>--now
</option> switch, or invoke
<command>start
</command>
1011 with appropriate arguments later. Note that in case of unit instance enablement (i.e. enablement of units of
1012 the form
<filename>foo@bar.service
</filename>), symlinks named the same as instances are created in the
1013 unit configuration diectory, however they point to the single template unit file they are instantiated
1016 <para>This command expects either valid unit names (in which case various unit file directories are
1017 automatically searched for unit files with appropriate names), or absolute paths to unit files (in which
1018 case these files are read directly). If a specified unit file is located outside of the usual unit file
1019 directories, an additional symlink is created, linking it into the unit configuration path, thus ensuring
1020 it is found when requested by commands such as
<command>start
</command>.
</para>
1022 <para>This command will print the file system operations executed. This output may be suppressed by passing
1023 <option>--quiet
</option>.
1026 <para>Note that this operation creates only the symlinks suggested in the
<literal>[Install]
</literal>
1027 section of the unit files. While this command is the recommended way to manipulate the unit configuration
1028 directory, the administrator is free to make additional changes manually by placing or removing symlinks
1029 below this directory. This is particularly useful to create configurations that deviate from the suggested
1030 default installation. In this case, the administrator must make sure to invoke
1031 <command>daemon-reload
</command> manually as necessary, in order to ensure the changes are taken into
1035 <para>Enabling units should not be confused with starting (activating) units, as done by the
1036 <command>start
</command> command. Enabling and starting units is orthogonal: units may be enabled without
1037 being started and started without being enabled. Enabling simply hooks the unit into various suggested
1038 places (for example, so that the unit is automatically started on boot or when a particular kind of
1039 hardware is plugged in). Starting actually spawns the daemon process (in case of service units), or binds
1040 the socket (in case of socket units), and so on.
</para>
1042 <para>Depending on whether
<option>--system
</option>,
<option>--user
</option>,
<option>--runtime
</option>,
1043 or
<option>--global
</option> is specified, this enables the unit for the system, for the calling user only,
1044 for only this boot of the system, or for all future logins of all users, or only this boot. Note that in
1045 the last case, no systemd daemon configuration is reloaded.
</para>
1047 <para>Using
<command>enable
</command> on masked units is not supported and results in an error.
</para>
1052 <term><command>disable
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1055 <para>Disables one or more units. This removes all symlinks to the unit files backing the specified units
1056 from the unit configuration directory, and hence undoes any changes made by
<command>enable
</command> or
1057 <command>link
</command>. Note that this removes
<emphasis>all
</emphasis> symlinks to matching unit files,
1058 including manually created symlinks, and not just those actually created by
<command>enable
</command> or
1059 <command>link
</command>. Note that while
<command>disable
</command> undoes the effect of
1060 <command>enable
</command>, the two commands are otherwise not symmetric, as
<command>disable
</command> may
1061 remove more symlinks than a prior
<command>enable
</command> invocation of the same unit created.
</para>
1063 <para>This command expects valid unit names only, it does not accept paths to unit files.
</para>
1065 <para>In addition to the units specified as arguments, all units are disabled that are listed in the
1066 <varname>Also=
</varname> setting contained in the
<literal>[Install]
</literal> section of any of the unit
1067 files being operated on.
</para>
1069 <para>This command implicitly reloads the system manager configuration after completing the operation. Note
1070 that this command does not implicitly stop the units that are being disabled. If this is desired, either
1071 combine this command with the
<option>--now
</option> switch, or invoke the
<command>stop
</command> command
1072 with appropriate arguments later.
</para>
1074 <para>This command will print information about the file system operations (symlink removals)
1075 executed. This output may be suppressed by passing
<option>--quiet
</option>.
1078 <para>This command honors
<option>--system
</option>,
<option>--user
</option>,
<option>--runtime
</option>
1079 and
<option>--global
</option> in a similar way as
<command>enable
</command>.
</para>
1084 <term><command>reenable
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1087 <para>Reenable one or more units, as specified on the command line. This is a combination of
1088 <command>disable
</command> and
<command>enable
</command> and is useful to reset the symlinks a unit file is
1089 enabled with to the defaults configured in its
<literal>[Install]
</literal> section. This command expects
1090 a unit name only, it does not accept paths to unit files.
</para>
1095 <term><command>preset
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1098 <para>Reset the enable/disable status one or more unit files, as specified on
1099 the command line, to the defaults configured in the preset policy files. This
1100 has the same effect as
<command>disable
</command> or
1101 <command>enable
</command>, depending how the unit is listed in the preset
1104 <para>Use
<option>--preset-mode=
</option> to control whether units shall be
1105 enabled and disabled, or only enabled, or only disabled.
</para>
1107 <para>If the unit carries no install information, it will be silently ignored
1108 by this command.
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable> must be the real unit name,
1109 any alias names are ignored silently.
</para>
1111 <para>For more information on the preset policy format, see
1112 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
1113 For more information on the concept of presets, please consult the
1114 <ulink url=
"http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Preset">Preset
</ulink>
1120 <term><command>preset-all
</command></term>
1123 <para>Resets all installed unit files to the defaults
1124 configured in the preset policy file (see above).
</para>
1126 <para>Use
<option>--preset-mode=
</option> to control
1127 whether units shall be enabled and disabled, or only
1128 enabled, or only disabled.
</para>
1133 <term><command>is-enabled
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1136 <para>Checks whether any of the specified unit files are
1137 enabled (as with
<command>enable
</command>). Returns an
1138 exit code of
0 if at least one is enabled, non-zero
1139 otherwise. Prints the current enable status (see table).
1140 To suppress this output, use
<option>--quiet
</option>.
1145 <command>is-enabled
</command> output
1152 <entry>Description
</entry>
1153 <entry>Exit Code
</entry>
1158 <entry><literal>enabled
</literal></entry>
1159 <entry morerows='
1'
>Enabled via
<filename>.wants/
</filename>,
<filename>.requires/
</filename> or alias symlinks (permanently in
<filename>/etc/systemd/system/
</filename>, or transiently in
<filename>/run/systemd/system/
</filename>).
</entry>
1160 <entry morerows='
1'
>0</entry>
1163 <entry><literal>enabled-runtime
</literal></entry>
1166 <entry><literal>linked
</literal></entry>
1167 <entry morerows='
1'
>Made available through one or more symlinks to the unit file (permanently in
<filename>/etc/systemd/system/
</filename> or transiently in
<filename>/run/systemd/system/
</filename>), even though the unit file might reside outside of the unit file search path.
</entry>
1168 <entry morerows='
1'
>> 0</entry>
1171 <entry><literal>linked-runtime
</literal></entry>
1174 <entry><literal>masked
</literal></entry>
1175 <entry morerows='
1'
>Completely disabled, so that any start operation on it fails (permanently in
<filename>/etc/systemd/system/
</filename> or transiently in
<filename>/run/systemd/systemd/
</filename>).
</entry>
1176 <entry morerows='
1'
>> 0</entry>
1179 <entry><literal>masked-runtime
</literal></entry>
1182 <entry><literal>static
</literal></entry>
1183 <entry>The unit file is not enabled, and has no provisions for enabling in the
<literal>[Install]
</literal> unit file section.
</entry>
1187 <entry><literal>indirect
</literal></entry>
1188 <entry>The unit file itself is not enabled, but it has a non-empty
<varname>Also=
</varname> setting in the
<literal>[Install]
</literal> unit file section, listing other unit files that might be enabled.
</entry>
1192 <entry><literal>disabled
</literal></entry>
1193 <entry>The unit file is not enabled, but contains an
<literal>[Install]
</literal> section with installation instructions.
</entry>
1194 <entry>> 0</entry>
1197 <entry><literal>generated
</literal></entry>
1198 <entry>The unit file was generated dynamically via a generator tool. See
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Generated unit files may not be enabled, they are enabled implicitly by their generator.
</entry>
1202 <entry><literal>transient
</literal></entry>
1203 <entry>The unit file has been created dynamically with the runtime API. Transient units may not be enabled.
</entry>
1207 <entry><literal>bad
</literal></entry>
1208 <entry>The unit file is invalid or another error occurred. Note that
<command>is-enabled
</command> will not actually return this state, but print an error message instead. However the unit file listing printed by
<command>list-unit-files
</command> might show it.
</entry>
1209 <entry>> 0</entry>
1219 <term><command>mask
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1222 <para>Mask one or more units, as specified on the command line. This will link these unit files to
1223 <filename>/dev/null
</filename>, making it impossible to start them. This is a stronger version of
1224 <command>disable
</command>, since it prohibits all kinds of activation of the unit, including enablement
1225 and manual activation. Use this option with care. This honors the
<option>--runtime
</option> option to only
1226 mask temporarily until the next reboot of the system. The
<option>--now
</option> option may be used to
1227 ensure that the units are also stopped. This command expects valid unit names only, it does not accept unit
1233 <term><command>unmask
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1236 <para>Unmask one or more unit files, as specified on the command line. This will undo the effect of
1237 <command>mask
</command>. This command expects valid unit names only, it does not accept unit file
1243 <term><command>link
<replaceable>PATH
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1246 <para>Link a unit file that is not in the unit file search paths into the unit file search path. This
1247 command expects an absolute path to a unit file. The effect of this may be undone with
1248 <command>disable
</command>. The effect of this command is that a unit file is made available for commands
1249 such as
<command>start
</command>, even though it is not installed directly in the unit search path.
</para>
1254 <term><command>revert
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1257 <para>Revert one or more unit files to their vendor versions. This command removes drop-in configuration
1258 files that modify the specified units, as well as any user-configured unit file that overrides a matching
1259 vendor supplied unit file. Specifically, for a unit
<literal>foo.service
</literal> the matching directories
1260 <literal>foo.service.d/
</literal> with all their contained files are removed, both below the persistent and
1261 runtime configuration directories (i.e. below
<filename>/etc/systemd/system
</filename> and
1262 <filename>/run/systemd/system
</filename>); if the unit file has a vendor-supplied version (i.e. a unit file
1263 located below
<filename>/usr
</filename>) any matching peristent or runtime unit file that overrides it is
1264 removed, too. Note that if a unit file has no vendor-supplied version (i.e. is only defined below
1265 <filename>/etc/systemd/system
</filename> or
<filename>/run/systemd/system
</filename>, but not in a unit
1266 file stored below
<filename>/usr
</filename>), then it is not removed. Also, if a unit is masked, it is
1269 <para>Effectively, this command may be used to undo all changes made with
<command>systemctl
1270 edit
</command>,
<command>systemctl set-property
</command> and
<command>systemctl mask
</command> and puts
1271 the original unit file with its settings back in effect.
</para>
1276 <term><command>add-wants
<replaceable>TARGET
</replaceable>
1277 <replaceable>NAME
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1278 <term><command>add-requires
<replaceable>TARGET
</replaceable>
1279 <replaceable>NAME
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1282 <para>Adds
<literal>Wants=
</literal> or
<literal>Requires=
</literal>
1283 dependencies, respectively, to the specified
1284 <replaceable>TARGET
</replaceable> for one or more units.
</para>
1286 <para>This command honors
<option>--system
</option>,
1287 <option>--user
</option>,
<option>--runtime
</option> and
1288 <option>--global
</option> in a way similar to
1289 <command>enable
</command>.
</para>
1295 <term><command>edit
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1298 <para>Edit a drop-in snippet or a whole replacement file if
1299 <option>--full
</option> is specified, to extend or override the
1300 specified unit.
</para>
1302 <para>Depending on whether
<option>--system
</option> (the default),
1303 <option>--user
</option>, or
<option>--global
</option> is specified,
1304 this command creates a drop-in file for each unit either for the system,
1305 for the calling user, or for all futures logins of all users. Then,
1306 the editor (see the
"Environment" section below) is invoked on
1307 temporary files which will be written to the real location if the
1308 editor exits successfully.
</para>
1310 <para>If
<option>--full
</option> is specified, this will copy the
1311 original units instead of creating drop-in files.
</para>
1313 <para>If
<option>--force
</option> is specified and any units do
1314 not already exist, new unit files will be opened for editing.
</para>
1316 <para>If
<option>--runtime
</option> is specified, the changes will
1317 be made temporarily in
<filename>/run
</filename> and they will be
1318 lost on the next reboot.
</para>
1320 <para>If the temporary file is empty upon exit, the modification of
1321 the related unit is canceled.
</para>
1323 <para>After the units have been edited, systemd configuration is
1324 reloaded (in a way that is equivalent to
<command>daemon-reload
</command>).
1327 <para>Note that this command cannot be used to remotely edit units
1328 and that you cannot temporarily edit units which are in
1329 <filename>/etc
</filename>, since they take precedence over
1330 <filename>/run
</filename>.
</para>
1335 <term><command>get-default
</command></term>
1338 <para>Return the default target to boot into. This returns
1339 the target unit name
<filename>default.target
</filename>
1340 is aliased (symlinked) to.
</para>
1345 <term><command>set-default
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable></command></term>
1348 <para>Set the default target to boot into. This sets
1349 (symlinks) the
<filename>default.target
</filename> alias
1350 to the given target unit.
</para>
1358 <title>Machine Commands
</title>
1362 <term><command>list-machines
<optional><replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...
</optional></command></term>
1365 <para>List the host and all running local containers with
1366 their state. If one or more
1367 <replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>s are specified, only
1368 containers matching one of them are shown.
1376 <title>Job Commands
</title>
1380 <term><command>list-jobs
<optional><replaceable>PATTERN...
</replaceable></optional></command></term>
1383 <para>List jobs that are in progress. If one or more
1384 <replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>s are specified, only
1385 jobs for units matching one of them are shown.
</para>
1389 <term><command>cancel
<replaceable>JOB
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1392 <para>Cancel one or more jobs specified on the command line
1393 by their numeric job IDs. If no job ID is specified, cancel
1394 all pending jobs.
</para>
1401 <title>Environment Commands
</title>
1405 <term><command>show-environment
</command></term>
1408 <para>Dump the systemd manager environment block. The
1409 environment block will be dumped in straight-forward form
1410 suitable for sourcing into a shell script. This environment
1411 block will be passed to all processes the manager
1416 <term><command>set-environment
<replaceable>VARIABLE=VALUE
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1419 <para>Set one or more systemd manager environment variables,
1420 as specified on the command line.
</para>
1424 <term><command>unset-environment
<replaceable>VARIABLE
</replaceable>...
</command></term>
1427 <para>Unset one or more systemd manager environment
1428 variables. If only a variable name is specified, it will be
1429 removed regardless of its value. If a variable and a value
1430 are specified, the variable is only removed if it has the
1431 specified value.
</para>
1436 <command>import-environment
</command>
1437 <optional><replaceable>VARIABLE...
</replaceable></optional>
1441 <para>Import all, one or more environment variables set on
1442 the client into the systemd manager environment block. If
1443 no arguments are passed, the entire environment block is
1444 imported. Otherwise, a list of one or more environment
1445 variable names should be passed, whose client-side values
1446 are then imported into the manager's environment
1454 <title>Manager Lifecycle Commands
</title>
1458 <term><command>daemon-reload
</command></term>
1461 <para>Reload the systemd manager configuration. This will
1462 rerun all generators (see
1463 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>),
1464 reload all unit files, and recreate the entire dependency
1465 tree. While the daemon is being reloaded, all sockets
1466 systemd listens on behalf of user configuration will stay
1469 <para>This command should not be confused with the
1470 <command>reload
</command> command.
</para>
1474 <term><command>daemon-reexec
</command></term>
1477 <para>Reexecute the systemd manager. This will serialize the
1478 manager state, reexecute the process and deserialize the
1479 state again. This command is of little use except for
1480 debugging and package upgrades. Sometimes, it might be
1481 helpful as a heavy-weight
<command>daemon-reload
</command>.
1482 While the daemon is being reexecuted, all sockets systemd listening
1483 on behalf of user configuration will stay accessible.
1491 <title>System Commands
</title>
1495 <term><command>is-system-running
</command></term>
1498 <para>Checks whether the system is operational. This
1499 returns success (exit code
0) when the system is fully up
1500 and running, specifically not in startup, shutdown or
1501 maintenance mode, and with no failed services. Failure is
1502 returned otherwise (exit code non-zero). In addition, the
1503 current state is printed in a short string to standard
1504 output, see the table below. Use
<option>--quiet
</option> to
1505 suppress this output.
</para>
1508 <title><command>is-system-running
</command> output
</title>
1510 <colspec colname='name'
/>
1511 <colspec colname='description'
/>
1512 <colspec colname='exit-code'
/>
1516 <entry>Description
</entry>
1517 <entry>Exit Code
</entry>
1522 <entry><varname>initializing
</varname></entry>
1523 <entry><para>Early bootup, before
1524 <filename>basic.target
</filename> is reached
1525 or the
<varname>maintenance
</varname> state entered.
1527 <entry>> 0</entry>
1530 <entry><varname>starting
</varname></entry>
1531 <entry><para>Late bootup, before the job queue
1532 becomes idle for the first time, or one of the
1533 rescue targets are reached.
</para></entry>
1534 <entry>> 0</entry>
1537 <entry><varname>running
</varname></entry>
1538 <entry><para>The system is fully
1539 operational.
</para></entry>
1543 <entry><varname>degraded
</varname></entry>
1544 <entry><para>The system is operational but one or more
1545 units failed.
</para></entry>
1546 <entry>> 0</entry>
1549 <entry><varname>maintenance
</varname></entry>
1550 <entry><para>The rescue or emergency target is
1551 active.
</para></entry>
1552 <entry>> 0</entry>
1555 <entry><varname>stopping
</varname></entry>
1556 <entry><para>The manager is shutting
1557 down.
</para></entry>
1558 <entry>> 0</entry>
1561 <entry><varname>offline
</varname></entry>
1562 <entry><para>The manager is not
1563 running. Specifically, this is the operational
1564 state if an incompatible program is running as
1565 system manager (PID
1).
</para></entry>
1566 <entry>> 0</entry>
1569 <entry><varname>unknown
</varname></entry>
1570 <entry><para>The operational state could not be
1571 determined, due to lack of resources or another
1572 error cause.
</para></entry>
1573 <entry>> 0</entry>
1582 <term><command>default
</command></term>
1585 <para>Enter default mode. This is mostly equivalent to
1586 <command>isolate default.target
</command>.
</para>
1591 <term><command>rescue
</command></term>
1594 <para>Enter rescue mode. This is mostly equivalent to
1595 <command>isolate rescue.target
</command>, but also prints a
1596 wall message to all users.
</para>
1600 <term><command>emergency
</command></term>
1603 <para>Enter emergency mode. This is mostly equivalent to
1604 <command>isolate emergency.target
</command>, but also prints
1605 a wall message to all users.
</para>
1609 <term><command>halt
</command></term>
1612 <para>Shut down and halt the system. This is mostly equivalent to
<command>start halt.target
1613 --job-mode=replace-irreversibly
</command>, but also prints a wall message to all users. If combined with
1614 <option>--force
</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all processes are killed and
1615 all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the system halt. If
1616 <option>--force
</option> is specified twice, the operation is immediately executed without terminating any
1617 processes or unmounting any file systems. This may result in data loss. Note that when
1618 <option>--force
</option> is specified twice the halt operation is executed by
1619 <command>systemctl
</command> itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should
1620 succeed even when the system manager hangs or crashed.
</para>
1624 <term><command>poweroff
</command></term>
1627 <para>Shut down and power-off the system. This is mostly equivalent to
<command>start poweroff.target
1628 --job-mode=replace-irreversibly
</command>, but also prints a wall message to all users. If combined with
1629 <option>--force
</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all processes are killed and
1630 all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the powering off. If
1631 <option>--force
</option> is specified twice, the operation is immediately executed without terminating any
1632 processes or unmounting any file systems. This may result in data loss. Note that when
1633 <option>--force
</option> is specified twice the power-off operation is executed by
1634 <command>systemctl
</command> itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should
1635 succeed even when the system manager hangs or crashed.
</para>
1639 <term><command>reboot
<optional><replaceable>arg
</replaceable></optional></command></term>
1642 <para>Shut down and reboot the system. This is mostly equivalent to
<command>start reboot.target
1643 --job-mode=replace-irreversibly
</command>, but also prints a wall message to all users. If combined with
1644 <option>--force
</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all processes are killed and
1645 all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the reboot. If
1646 <option>--force
</option> is specified twice, the operation is immediately executed without terminating any
1647 processes or unmounting any file systems. This may result in data loss. Note that when
1648 <option>--force
</option> is specified twice the reboot operation is executed by
1649 <command>systemctl
</command> itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should
1650 succeed even when the system manager hangs or crashed.
</para>
1652 <para>If the optional argument
1653 <replaceable>arg
</replaceable> is given, it will be passed
1654 as the optional argument to the
1655 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>reboot
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
1656 system call. The value is architecture and firmware
1657 specific. As an example,
<literal>recovery
</literal> might
1658 be used to trigger system recovery, and
1659 <literal>fota
</literal> might be used to trigger a
1660 <quote>firmware over the air
</quote> update.
</para>
1665 <term><command>kexec
</command></term>
1668 <para>Shut down and reboot the system via kexec. This is
1669 mostly equivalent to
<command>start kexec.target --job-mode=replace-irreversibly
</command>,
1670 but also prints a wall message to all users. If combined
1671 with
<option>--force
</option>, shutdown of all running
1672 services is skipped, however all processes are killed and
1673 all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only,
1674 immediately followed by the reboot.
</para>
1679 <term><command>exit
<optional><replaceable>EXIT_CODE
</replaceable></optional></command></term>
1682 <para>Ask the systemd manager to quit. This is only
1683 supported for user service managers (i.e. in conjunction
1684 with the
<option>--user
</option> option) or in containers
1685 and is equivalent to
<command>poweroff
</command> otherwise.
</para>
1687 <para>The systemd manager can exit with a non-zero exit
1688 code if the optional argument
1689 <replaceable>EXIT_CODE
</replaceable> is given.
</para>
1694 <term><command>switch-root
<replaceable>ROOT
</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>INIT
</replaceable></optional></command></term>
1697 <para>Switches to a different root directory and executes a new system manager process below it. This is
1698 intended for usage in initial RAM disks (
"initrd"), and will transition from the initrd's system manager
1699 process (a.k.a.
"init" process) to the main system manager process which is loaded from the actual host
1700 volume. This call takes two arguments: the directory that is to become the new root directory, and the path
1701 to the new system manager binary below it to execute as PID
1. If the latter is omitted or the empty
1702 string, a systemd binary will automatically be searched for and used as init. If the system manager path is
1703 omitted, equal to the empty string or identical to the path to the systemd binary, the state of the
1704 initrd's system manager process is passed to the main system manager, which allows later introspection of
1705 the state of the services involved in the initrd boot phase.
</para>
1710 <term><command>suspend
</command></term>
1713 <para>Suspend the system. This will trigger activation of
1714 the special
<filename>suspend.target
</filename> target.
1720 <term><command>hibernate
</command></term>
1723 <para>Hibernate the system. This will trigger activation of
1724 the special
<filename>hibernate.target
</filename> target.
1730 <term><command>hybrid-sleep
</command></term>
1733 <para>Hibernate and suspend the system. This will trigger
1734 activation of the special
1735 <filename>hybrid-sleep.target
</filename> target.
</para>
1742 <title>Parameter Syntax
</title>
1744 <para>Unit commands listed above take either a single unit name (designated as
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable>),
1745 or multiple unit specifications (designated as
<replaceable>PATTERN
</replaceable>...). In the first case, the
1746 unit name with or without a suffix must be given. If the suffix is not specified (unit name is
"abbreviated"),
1747 systemctl will append a suitable suffix,
<literal>.service
</literal> by default, and a type-specific suffix in
1748 case of commands which operate only on specific unit types. For example,
1749 <programlisting># systemctl start sshd
</programlisting> and
1750 <programlisting># systemctl start sshd.service
</programlisting>
1751 are equivalent, as are
1752 <programlisting># systemctl isolate default
</programlisting>
1754 <programlisting># systemctl isolate default.target
</programlisting>
1755 Note that (absolute) paths to device nodes are automatically converted to device unit names, and other (absolute)
1756 paths to mount unit names.
1757 <programlisting># systemctl status /dev/sda
1758 # systemctl status /home
</programlisting>
1760 <programlisting># systemctl status dev-sda.device
1761 # systemctl status home.mount
</programlisting>
1762 In the second case, shell-style globs will be matched against the primary names of all currently loaded units;
1763 literal unit names, with or without a suffix, will be treated as in the first case. This means that literal unit
1764 names always refer to exactly one unit, but globs may match zero units and this is not considered an
1767 <para>Glob patterns use
1768 <citerefentry project='man-pages'
><refentrytitle>fnmatch
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1769 so normal shell-style globbing rules are used, and
1770 <literal>*
</literal>,
<literal>?
</literal>,
1771 <literal>[]
</literal> may be used. See
1772 <citerefentry project='man-pages'
><refentrytitle>glob
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
1773 for more details. The patterns are matched against the primary names of
1774 currently loaded units, and patterns which do not match anything
1775 are silently skipped. For example:
1776 <programlisting># systemctl stop sshd@*.service
</programlisting>
1777 will stop all
<filename>sshd@.service
</filename> instances. Note that alias names of units, and units that aren't
1778 loaded are not considered for glob expansion.
1781 <para>For unit file commands, the specified
<replaceable>NAME
</replaceable> should be the name of the unit file
1782 (possibly abbreviated, see above), or the absolute path to the unit file:
1783 <programlisting># systemctl enable foo.service
</programlisting>
1785 <programlisting># systemctl link /path/to/foo.service
</programlisting>
1792 <title>Exit status
</title>
1794 <para>On success,
0 is returned, a non-zero failure
1795 code otherwise.
</para>
1799 <title>Environment
</title>
1801 <variablelist class='environment-variables'
>
1803 <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_EDITOR
</varname></term>
1805 <listitem><para>Editor to use when editing units; overrides
1806 <varname>$EDITOR
</varname> and
<varname>$VISUAL
</varname>. If neither
1807 <varname>$SYSTEMD_EDITOR
</varname> nor
<varname>$EDITOR
</varname> nor
1808 <varname>$VISUAL
</varname> are present or if it is set to an empty
1809 string or if their execution failed, systemctl will try to execute well
1810 known editors in this order:
1811 <citerefentry project='die-net'
><refentrytitle>editor
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1812 <citerefentry project='die-net'
><refentrytitle>nano
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1813 <citerefentry project='die-net'
><refentrytitle>vim
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1814 <citerefentry project='die-net'
><refentrytitle>vi
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
1818 <xi:include href=
"less-variables.xml" xpointer=
"pager"/>
1819 <xi:include href=
"less-variables.xml" xpointer=
"less"/>
1820 <xi:include href=
"less-variables.xml" xpointer=
"lesscharset"/>
1824 <title>See Also
</title>
1826 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1827 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1828 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loginctl
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1829 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1830 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1831 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1832 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1833 <citerefentry project='man-pages'
><refentrytitle>wall
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1834 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1835 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
1836 <citerefentry project='man-pages'
><refentrytitle>glob
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
projects / thirdparty / systemd.git / blob