1 <?xml version='
1.0'
?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC
"-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
6 This file is part of systemd.
8 Copyright 2013 Tom Gundersen
10 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
11 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
12 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
13 (at your option) any later version.
15 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
16 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
18 Lesser General Public License for more details.
20 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
21 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
24 <refentry id=
"systemd.netdev" conditional='ENABLE_NETWORKD'
>
27 <title>systemd.network
</title>
28 <productname>systemd
</productname>
32 <contrib>Developer
</contrib>
33 <firstname>Tom
</firstname>
34 <surname>Gundersen
</surname>
35 <email>teg@jklm.no
</email>
41 <refentrytitle>systemd.netdev
</refentrytitle>
42 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
46 <refname>systemd.netdev
</refname>
47 <refpurpose>Virtual Network Device configuration
</refpurpose>
51 <para><filename><replaceable>netdev
</replaceable>.netdev
</filename></para>
55 <title>Description
</title>
57 <para>Network setup is performed by
58 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
61 <para>Virtual Network Device files must have the extension
62 <filename>.netdev
</filename>; other extensions are ignored.
63 Virtual network devices are created as soon as networkd is
64 started. If a netdev with the specified name already exists,
65 networkd will use that as-is rather than create its own. Note that
66 the settings of the pre-existing netdev will not be changed by
69 <para>The
<filename>.netdev
</filename> files are read from the
70 files located in the system network directory
71 <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network
</filename>, the volatile
72 runtime network directory
73 <filename>/run/systemd/network
</filename> and the local
74 administration network directory
75 <filename>/etc/systemd/network
</filename>. All configuration files
76 are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order, regardless
77 of the directories in which they live. However, files with
78 identical filenames replace each other. Files in
79 <filename>/etc
</filename> have the highest priority, files in
80 <filename>/run
</filename> take precedence over files with the same
81 name in
<filename>/usr/lib
</filename>. This can be used to
82 override a system-supplied configuration file with a local file if
83 needed. As a special case, an empty file (file size
0) or symlink
84 with the same name pointing to
<filename>/dev/null
</filename>,
85 disable the configuration file entirely (it is
"masked").
</para>
89 <title>Supported netdev kinds
</title>
91 <para>The following kinds of virtual network devices may be
92 configured in
<filename>.netdev
</filename> files:
</para>
95 <title>Supported kinds of virtual network devices
</title>
98 <colspec colname='kind'
/>
99 <colspec colname='explanation'
/>
102 <entry>Description
</entry>
105 <row><entry><varname>bond
</varname></entry>
106 <entry>A bond device is an aggregation of all its slave devices. See
<ulink url=
"https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt">Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver HOWTO
</ulink> for details.Local configuration
</entry></row>
108 <row><entry><varname>bridge
</varname></entry>
109 <entry>A bridge device is a software switch, each of its slave devices and the bridge itself are ports of the switch.
</entry></row>
111 <row><entry><varname>dummy
</varname></entry>
112 <entry>A dummy device drops all packets sent to it.
</entry></row>
114 <row><entry><varname>gre
</varname></entry>
115 <entry>A Level
3 GRE tunnel over IPv4. See
<ulink url=
"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2784">RFC
2784</ulink> for details.
</entry></row>
117 <row><entry><varname>gretap
</varname></entry>
118 <entry>A Level
2 GRE tunnel over IPv4.
</entry></row>
120 <row><entry><varname>ip6gre
</varname></entry>
121 <entry>A Level
3 GRE tunnel over IPv6.
</entry></row>
123 <row><entry><varname>ip6tnl
</varname></entry>
124 <entry>An IPv4 or IPv6 tunnel over IPv6
</entry></row>
126 <row><entry><varname>ip6gretap
</varname></entry>
127 <entry>An Level
2 GRE tunnel over IPv6.
</entry></row>
129 <row><entry><varname>ipip
</varname></entry>
130 <entry>An IPv4 over IPv4 tunnel.
</entry></row>
132 <row><entry><varname>ipvlan
</varname></entry>
133 <entry>An ipvlan device is a stacked device which receives packets from its underlying device based on IP address filtering.
</entry></row>
135 <row><entry><varname>macvlan
</varname></entry>
136 <entry>A macvlan device is a stacked device which receives packets from its underlying device based on MAC address filtering.
</entry></row>
138 <row><entry><varname>sit
</varname></entry>
139 <entry>An IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel.
</entry></row>
141 <row><entry><varname>tap
</varname></entry>
142 <entry>A persistent Level
2 tunnel between a network device and a device node.
</entry></row>
144 <row><entry><varname>tun
</varname></entry>
145 <entry>A persistent Level
3 tunnel between a network device and a device node.
</entry></row>
147 <row><entry><varname>veth
</varname></entry>
148 <entry>An ethernet tunnel between a pair of network devices.
</entry></row>
150 <row><entry><varname>vlan
</varname></entry>
151 <entry>A VLAN is a stacked device which receives packets from its underlying device based on VLAN tagging. See
<ulink url=
"http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/802.1Q.html">IEEE
802.1Q
</ulink> for details.
</entry></row>
153 <row><entry><varname>vti
</varname></entry>
154 <entry>An IPv4 over IPSec tunnel.
</entry></row>
156 <row><entry><varname>vti6
</varname></entry>
157 <entry>An IPv6 over IPSec tunnel.
</entry></row>
159 <row><entry><varname>vxlan
</varname></entry>
160 <entry>A virtual extensible LAN (vxlan), for connecting Cloud computing deployments.
</entry></row>
168 <title>[Match] Section Options
</title>
170 <para>A virtual network device is only created if the
171 <literal>[Match]
</literal> section matches the current
172 environment, or if the section is empty. The following keys are
175 <variablelist class='network-directives'
>
177 <term><varname>Host=
</varname></term>
179 <para>Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
180 host. See
<literal>ConditionHost=
</literal> in
181 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
187 <term><varname>Virtualization=
</varname></term>
189 <para>Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
190 environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
192 <literal>ConditionVirtualization=
</literal> in
193 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
199 <term><varname>KernelCommandLine=
</varname></term>
201 <para>Checks whether a specific kernel command line option
202 is set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
203 <literal>ConditionKernelCommandLine=
</literal> in
204 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
210 <term><varname>Architecture=
</varname></term>
212 <para>Checks whether the system is running on a specific
213 architecture. See
<literal>ConditionArchitecture=
</literal> in
214 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
224 <title>[NetDev] Section Options
</title>
226 <para>The
<literal>[NetDev]
</literal> section accepts the
227 following keys:
</para>
229 <variablelist class='network-directives'
>
231 <term><varname>Description=
</varname></term>
233 <para>A free-form description of the netdev.
</para>
237 <term><varname>Name=
</varname></term>
239 <para>The interface name used when creating the netdev.
240 This option is compulsory.
</para>
244 <term><varname>Kind=
</varname></term>
246 <para>The netdev kind. This option is compulsory. See the
247 <literal>Supported netdev kinds
</literal> section for the
252 <term><varname>MTUBytes=
</varname></term>
254 <para>The maximum transmission unit in bytes to set for
255 the device. The usual suffixes K, M, G, are supported and
256 are understood to the base of
1024. This key is not
257 currently supported for
<literal>tun
</literal> or
258 <literal>tap
</literal> devices.
263 <term><varname>MACAddress=
</varname></term>
265 <para>The MAC address to use for the device. If none is
266 given, one is generated based on the interface name and
268 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
269 This key is not currently supported for
270 <literal>tun
</literal> or
<literal>tap
</literal> devices.
278 <title>[VLAN] Section Options
</title>
280 <para>The
<literal>[VLAN]
</literal> section only applies for
281 netdevs of kind
<literal>vlan
</literal>, and accepts the
282 following key:
</para>
284 <variablelist class='network-directives'
>
286 <term><varname>Id=
</varname></term>
288 <para>The VLAN ID to use. An integer in the range
0–
4094.
289 This option is compulsory.
</para>
297 <title>[MACVLAN] Section Options
</title>
299 <para>The
<literal>[MACVLAN]
</literal> section only applies for
300 netdevs of kind
<literal>macvlan
</literal>, and accepts the
301 following key:
</para>
303 <variablelist class='network-directives'
>
305 <term><varname>Mode=
</varname></term>
307 <para>The MACVLAN mode to use. The supported options are
308 <literal>private
</literal>,
309 <literal>vepa
</literal>,
310 <literal>bridge
</literal>, and
311 <literal>passthru
</literal>.
320 <title>[IPVLAN] Section Options
</title>
322 <para>The
<literal>[IPVLAN]
</literal> section only applies for
323 netdevs of kind
<literal>ipvlan
</literal>, and accepts the
324 following key:
</para>
326 <variablelist class='network-directives'
>
328 <term><varname>Mode=
</varname></term>
330 <para>The IPVLAN mode to use. The supported options are
331 <literal>L2
</literal> and
<literal>L3
</literal>.
340 <title>[VXLAN] Section Options
</title>
341 <para>The
<literal>[VXLAN]
</literal> section only applies for
342 netdevs of kind
<literal>vxlan
</literal>, and accepts the
343 following keys:
</para>
345 <variablelist class='network-directives'
>
347 <term><varname>Id=
</varname></term>
349 <para>The VXLAN ID to use.
</para>
353 <term><varname>Group=
</varname></term>
355 <para>An assigned multicast group IP address.
</para>
359 <term><varname>TOS=
</varname></term>
361 <para>The Type Of Service byte value for a vxlan interface.
</para>
365 <term><varname>TTL=
</varname></term>
367 <para>A fixed Time To Live N on Virtual eXtensible Local
368 Area Network packets. N is a number in the range
1-
255.
0
369 is a special value meaning that packets inherit the TTL
374 <term><varname>MacLearning=
</varname></term>
376 <para>A boolean. When true, enables dynamic MAC learning
377 to discover remote MAC addresses.
</para>
381 <term><varname>FDBAgeingSec=
</varname></term>
383 <para>The lifetime of Forwarding Database entry learnt by
384 the kernel in seconds.
</para>
388 <term><varname>ARPProxy=
</varname></term>
390 <para>A boolean. When true, enables ARP proxy.
</para>
394 <term><varname>L2MissNotification=
</varname></term>
396 <para>A boolean. When true, enables netlink LLADDR miss
397 notifications.
</para>
401 <term><varname>L3MissNotification=
</varname></term>
403 <para>A boolean. When true, enables netlink IP ADDR miss
404 notifications.
</para>
408 <term><varname>RouteShortCircuit=
</varname></term>
410 <para>A boolean. When true route short circuit is turned
415 <term><varname>UDPCheckSum=
</varname></term>
417 <para>A boolean. When true transmitting UDP checksums when doing VXLAN/IPv4 is turned on.
</para>
421 <term><varname>UDP6ZeroChecksumTx=
</varname></term>
423 <para>A boolean. When true sending zero checksums in VXLAN/IPv6 is turned on.
</para>
427 <term><varname>UDP6ZeroCheckSumRx=
</varname></term>
429 <para>A boolean. When true receiving zero checksums in VXLAN/IPv6 is turned on.
</para>
435 <title>[Tunnel] Section Options
</title>
437 <para>The
<literal>[Tunnel]
</literal> section only applies for
439 <literal>ipip
</literal>,
440 <literal>sit
</literal>,
441 <literal>gre
</literal>,
442 <literal>gretap
</literal>,
443 <literal>ip6gre
</literal>,
444 <literal>ip6gretap
</literal>,
445 <literal>vti
</literal>,
446 <literal>vti6
</literal>, and
447 <literal>ip6tnl
</literal> and accepts
448 the following keys:
</para>
450 <variablelist class='network-directives'
>
452 <term><varname>Local=
</varname></term>
454 <para>A static local address for tunneled packets. It must
455 be an address on another interface of this host.
</para>
459 <term><varname>Remote=
</varname></term>
461 <para>The remote endpoint of the tunnel.
</para>
465 <term><varname>TOS=
</varname></term>
467 <para>The Type Of Service byte value for a tunnel interface.
468 For details about the TOS see the
469 <ulink url=
"http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1349"> Type of
470 Service in the Internet Protocol Suite
</ulink> document.
475 <term><varname>TTL=
</varname></term>
477 <para>A fixed Time To Live N on tunneled packets. N is a
478 number in the range
1-
255.
0 is a special value meaning that
479 packets inherit the TTL value. The default value for IPv4
480 tunnels is: inherit. The default value for IPv6 tunnels is:
485 <term><varname>DiscoverPathMTU=
</varname></term>
487 <para>A boolean. When true, enables Path MTU Discovery on
492 <term><varname>IPv6FlowLabel=
</varname></term>
494 <para>Configures The
20-bit Flow Label (see
<ulink url=
"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6437">
495 RFC
6437</ulink>) field in the IPv6 header (see
<ulink url=
"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2460">
496 RFC
2460</ulink>), is used by a node to label packets of a flow.
497 It's only used for IPv6 Tunnels.
498 A Flow Label of zero is used to indicate packets that have
499 not been labeled. Takes following values.
500 When
<literal>inherit
</literal> it uses the original flowlabel,
501 or can be configured to any value between
0 to
0xFFFFF.
</para>
505 <term><varname>CopyDSCP=
</varname></term>
507 <para>A boolean. When true, the Differentiated Service Code
508 Point (DSCP) field will be copied to the inner header from
509 outer header during the decapsulation of an IPv6 tunnel
510 packet. DSCP is a field in an IP packet that enables different
511 levels of service to be assigned to network traffic.
512 Defaults to
<literal>no
</literal>.
517 <term><varname>Mode=
</varname></term>
519 <para>An
<literal>ip6tnl
</literal> tunnels can have three
521 <literal>ip6ip6
</literal> for IPv6 over IPv6,
522 <literal>ipip6
</literal> for IPv4 over IPv6 or
523 <literal>any
</literal> for either.
530 <title>[Peer] Section Options
</title>
532 <para>The
<literal>[Peer]
</literal> section only applies for
533 netdevs of kind
<literal>veth
</literal> and accepts the
534 following key:
</para>
536 <variablelist class='network-directives'
>
538 <term><varname>Name=
</varname></term>
540 <para>The interface name used when creating the netdev.
541 This option is compulsory.
</para>
545 <term><varname>MACAddress=
</varname></term>
547 <para>The peer MACAddress, if not set it is generated in
548 the same way as the MAC address of the main
555 <title>[Tun] Section Options
</title>
557 <para>The
<literal>[Tun]
</literal> section only applies for
558 netdevs of kind
<literal>tun
</literal>, and accepts the following
561 <variablelist class='network-directives'
>
563 <term><varname>OneQueue=
</varname></term>
564 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether
565 all packets are queued at the device (enabled), or a fixed
566 number of packets are queued at the device and the rest at the
567 <literal>qdisc
</literal>. Defaults to
568 <literal>no
</literal>.
</para>
572 <term><varname>MultiQueue=
</varname></term>
573 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether
574 to use multiple file descriptors (queues) to parallelize
575 packets sending and receiving. Defaults to
576 <literal>no
</literal>.
</para>
580 <term><varname>PacketInfo=
</varname></term>
581 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether
582 packets should be prepended with four extra bytes (two flag
583 bytes and two protocol bytes). If disabled it indicates that
584 the packets will be pure IP packets. Defaults to
585 <literal>no
</literal>.
</para>
589 <term><varname>VnetHeader=
</varname></term>
590 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures
591 IFF_VNET_HDR flag for a tap device. It allows sending
592 and receiving larger Generic Segmentation Offload (GSO)
593 packets. This may increase throughput significantly.
595 <literal>no
</literal>.
</para>
599 <term><varname>User=
</varname></term>
600 <listitem><para>User to grant access to the
601 <filename>/dev/net/tun
</filename> device.
</para>
605 <term><varname>Group=
</varname></term>
606 <listitem><para>Group to grant access to the
607 <filename>/dev/net/tun
</filename> device.
</para>
616 <title>[Tap] Section Options
</title>
618 <para>The
<literal>[Tap]
</literal> section only applies for
619 netdevs of kind
<literal>tap
</literal>, and accepts the same keys
620 as the
<literal>[Tun]
</literal> section.
</para>
624 <title>[Bond] Section Options
</title>
626 <para>The
<literal>[Bond]
</literal> section accepts the following
629 <variablelist class='network-directives'
>
631 <term><varname>Mode=
</varname></term>
633 <para>Specifies one of the bonding policies. The default is
634 <literal>balance-rr
</literal> (round robin). Possible values are
635 <literal>balance-rr
</literal>,
636 <literal>active-backup
</literal>,
637 <literal>balance-xor
</literal>,
638 <literal>broadcast
</literal>,
639 <literal>802.3ad
</literal>,
640 <literal>balance-tlb
</literal>, and
641 <literal>balance-alb
</literal>.
647 <term><varname>TransmitHashPolicy=
</varname></term>
649 <para>Selects the transmit hash policy to use for slave
650 selection in balance-xor,
802.3ad, and tlb modes. Possible
652 <literal>layer2
</literal>,
653 <literal>layer3+
4</literal>,
654 <literal>layer2+
3</literal>,
655 <literal>encap2+
3</literal>,
656 <literal>802.3ad
</literal>, and
657 <literal>encap3+
4</literal>.
663 <term><varname>LACPTransmitRate=
</varname></term>
665 <para>Specifies the rate with which link partner transmits
666 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Data Unit packets in
667 802.3ad mode. Possible values are
<literal>slow
</literal>,
668 which requests partner to transmit LACPDUs every
30 seconds,
669 and
<literal>fast
</literal>, which requests partner to
670 transmit LACPDUs every second. The default value is
671 <literal>slow
</literal>.
</para>
676 <term><varname>MIIMonitorSec=
</varname></term>
678 <para>Specifies the frequency that Media Independent
679 Interface link monitoring will occur. A value of zero
680 disables MII link monitoring. This value is rounded down to
681 the nearest millisecond. The default value is
0.
</para>
686 <term><varname>UpDelaySec=
</varname></term>
688 <para>Specifies the delay before a link is enabled after a
689 link up status has been detected. This value is rounded down
690 to a multiple of MIIMonitorSec. The default value is
696 <term><varname>DownDelaySec=
</varname></term>
698 <para>Specifies the delay before a link is disabled after a
699 link down status has been detected. This value is rounded
700 down to a multiple of MIIMonitorSec. The default value is
706 <term><varname>LearnPacketIntervalSec=
</varname></term>
708 <para>Specifies the number of seconds between instances where the bonding
709 driver sends learning packets to each slaves peer switch.
710 The valid range is
1 -
0x7fffffff; the default value is
1. This Option
711 has effect only in balance-tlb and balance-alb modes.
</para>
716 <term><varname>AdSelect=
</varname></term>
718 <para>Specifies the
802.3ad aggregation selection logic to use. Possible values are
719 <literal>stable
</literal>,
720 <literal>bandwidth
</literal>,
721 <literal>count
</literal>
727 <term><varname>FailOverMACPolicy=
</varname></term>
729 <para>Specifies whether active-backup mode should set all slaves to
730 the same MAC address at enslavement or, when enabled, perform special handling of the
731 bond's MAC address in accordance with the selected policy. The default policy is none.
733 <literal>none
</literal>,
734 <literal>active
</literal>,
735 <literal>follow
</literal>
741 <term><varname>ARPValidate=
</varname></term>
743 <para>Specifies whether or not ARP probes and replies should be
744 validated in any mode that supports ARP monitoring, or whether
745 non-ARP traffic should be filtered (disregarded) for link
746 monitoring purposes. Possible values are
747 <literal>none
</literal>,
748 <literal>active
</literal>,
749 <literal>backup
</literal>,
750 <literal>all
</literal>
756 <term><varname>ARPIntervalSec=
</varname></term>
758 <para>Specifies the ARP link monitoring frequency in milliseconds.
759 A value of
0 disables ARP monitoring. The default value is
0.
765 <term><varname>ARPIPTargets=
</varname></term>
767 <para>Specifies the IP addresses to use as ARP monitoring peers when
768 ARPIntervalSec is greater than
0. These are the targets of the ARP request
769 sent to determine the health of the link to the targets.
770 Specify these values in ipv4 dotted decimal format. At least one IP
771 address must be given for ARP monitoring to function. The
772 maximum number of targets that can be specified is
16. The
773 default value is no IP addresses.
779 <term><varname>ARPAllTargets=
</varname></term>
781 <para>Specifies the quantity of ARPIPTargets that must be reachable
782 in order for the ARP monitor to consider a slave as being up.
783 This option affects only active-backup mode for slaves with
784 ARPValidate enabled. Possible values are
785 <literal>any
</literal>,
786 <literal>all
</literal>
792 <term><varname>PrimaryReselectPolicy=
</varname></term>
794 <para>Specifies the reselection policy for the primary slave. This
795 affects how the primary slave is chosen to become the active slave
796 when failure of the active slave or recovery of the primary slave
797 occurs. This option is designed to prevent flip-flopping between
798 the primary slave and other slaves. Possible values are
799 <literal>always
</literal>,
800 <literal>better
</literal>,
801 <literal>failure
</literal>
807 <term><varname>ResendIGMP=
</varname></term>
809 <para>Specifies the number of IGMP membership reports to be issued after
810 a failover event. One membership report is issued immediately after
811 the failover, subsequent packets are sent in each
200ms interval.
812 The valid range is (
0 -
255). Defaults to
1. A value of
0
813 prevents the IGMP membership report from being issued in response
814 to the failover event.
820 <term><varname>PacketsPerSlave=
</varname></term>
822 <para> Specify the number of packets to transmit through a slave before
823 moving to the next one. When set to
0 then a slave is chosen at
824 random. The valid range is (
0 -
65535). Defaults to
1. This option
825 has effect only in balance-rr mode.
831 <term><varname>GratuitousARP=
</varname></term>
833 <para>Specify the number of peer notifications (gratuitous ARPs and
834 unsolicited IPv6 Neighbor Advertisements) to be issued after a
835 failover event. As soon as the link is up on the new slave
836 a peer notification is sent on the bonding device and each
837 VLAN sub-device. This is repeated at each link monitor interval
838 (ARPIntervalSec or MIIMonitorSec, whichever is active) if the number is
839 greater than
1. The valid range is (
0 -
255). Default value is
1.
840 These options affect only the active-backup mode.
846 <term><varname>AllSlavesActive=
</varname></term>
848 <para> A boolean. Specifies that duplicate frames (received on inactive ports)
849 should be dropped false or delivered true. Normally, bonding will drop
850 duplicate frames (received on inactive ports), which is desirable for
851 most users. But there are some times it is nice to allow duplicate
852 frames to be delivered. The default value is false (drop duplicate frames
853 received on inactive ports).
859 <term><varname>MinLinks=
</varname></term>
861 <para>Specifies the minimum number of links that must be active before
862 asserting carrier. The default value is
0.
869 <para>For more detail information see
870 <ulink url=
"https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/bonding.txt">
871 Linux Ethernet Bonding Driver HOWTO
</ulink></para>
876 <title>Example
</title>
878 <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge.netdev
</title>
880 <programlisting>[NetDev]
882 Kind=bridge
</programlisting>
886 <title>/etc/systemd/network/vlan1.netdev
</title>
888 <programlisting>[Match]
896 Id=
1</programlisting>
899 <title>/etc/systemd/network/ipip.netdev
</title>
900 <programlisting>[NetDev]
906 Local=
192.168.223.238
907 Remote=
192.169.224.239
908 TTL=
64</programlisting>
911 <title>/etc/systemd/network/tap.netdev
</title>
912 <programlisting>[NetDev]
918 PacketInfo=true
</programlisting> </example>
921 <title>/etc/systemd/network/sit.netdev
</title>
922 <programlisting>[NetDev]
929 Remote=
10.65.223.239</programlisting>
933 <title>/etc/systemd/network/gre.netdev
</title>
934 <programlisting>[NetDev]
941 Remote=
10.65.223.239</programlisting>
945 <title>/etc/systemd/network/vti.netdev
</title>
947 <programlisting>[NetDev]
954 Remote=
10.65.223.239</programlisting>
958 <title>/etc/systemd/network/veth.netdev
</title>
959 <programlisting>[NetDev]
964 Name=veth-peer
</programlisting>
968 <title>/etc/systemd/network/dummy.netdev
</title>
969 <programlisting>[NetDev]
972 MACAddress=
12:
34:
56:
78:
9a:bc
</programlisting>
977 <title>See Also
</title>
979 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
980 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
981 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.link
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
982 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.network
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>