man/systemd.network.xml

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  23
  24 <refentry id="systemd.network" conditional='ENABLE_NETWORKD'>
  25
  26         <refentryinfo>
  27                 <title>systemd.network</title>
  28                 <productname>systemd</productname>
  29
  30                 <authorgroup>
  31                         <author>
  32                                 <contrib>Developer</contrib>
  33                                 <firstname>Tom</firstname>
  34                                 <surname>Gundersen</surname>
  35                                 <email>teg@jklm.no</email>
  36                         </author>
  37                 </authorgroup>
  38         </refentryinfo>
  39
  40         <refmeta>
  41                 <refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle>
  42                 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
  43         </refmeta>
  44
  45         <refnamediv>
  46                 <refname>systemd.network</refname>
  47                 <refpurpose>Network configuration</refpurpose>
  48         </refnamediv>
  49
  50         <refsynopsisdiv>
  51                 <para><filename><replaceable>network</replaceable>.network</filename></para>
  52         </refsynopsisdiv>
  53
  54         <refsect1>
  55                 <title>Description</title>
  56
  57                 <para>Network setup is performed by
  58                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
  59                 </para>
  60
  61                 <para>Network files must have the extension <filename>.network</filename>;
  62                 other extensions are ignored. Networks are applied to links whenever the links
  63                 appear.</para>
  64
  65                 <para>The <filename>.network</filename> files are read from the files located in the
  66                 system network directory <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>,
  67                 the volatile runtime network directory
  68                 <filename>/run/systemd/network</filename> and the local administration
  69                 network directory <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>.
  70                 All configuration files are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order,
  71                 regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with
  72                 identical filenames replace each other. Files in
  73                 <filename>/etc</filename> have the highest priority, files in
  74                 <filename>/run</filename> take precedence over files with the same
  75                 name in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>. This can be used to override a
  76                 system-supplied configuration file with a local file if needed; a symlink in
  77                 <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name as a configuration file in
  78                 <filename>/usr/lib</filename>, pointing to <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
  79                 disables the configuration file entirely.</para>
  80
  81                         <para>The network file contains a <literal>[Match]</literal> section,
  82                         which determines if a given network file may be applied to a given device;
  83                         and a <literal>[Network]</literal> section specifying how the device should
  84                         be configured. The first (in lexical order) of the network files that
  85                         matches a given device is applied.</para>
  86
  87                         <para>A network file is said to match a device if each of the entries in the
  88                         <literal>[Match]</literal> section matches, or if the section is empty.
  89                         The following keys are accepted:</para>
  90
  91                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
  92                                 <varlistentry>
  93                                         <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
  94                                         <listitem>
  95                                                 <para>The hardware address.</para>
  96                                         </listitem>
  97                                 </varlistentry>
  98                                 <varlistentry>
  99                                         <term><varname>Path=</varname></term>
 100                                         <listitem>
 101                                                 <para>The persistent path, as exposed by the udev
 102                                                 property <literal>ID_PATH</literal>. May contain shell
 103                                                 style globs.</para>
 104                                         </listitem>
 105                                 </varlistentry>
 106                                 <varlistentry>
 107                                         <term><varname>Driver=</varname></term>
 108                                         <listitem>
 109                                                 <para>The driver currently bound to the device, as
 110                                                 exposed by the udev property <literal>DRIVER</literal>
 111                                                 of its parent device, or if that is not set the driver
 112                                                 as exposed by <literal>ethtool -i</literal> of the
 113                                                 device itself.</para>
 114                                         </listitem>
 115                                 </varlistentry>
 116                                 <varlistentry>
 117                                         <term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
 118                                         <listitem>
 119                                                 <para>The device type, as exposed by the udev property
 120                                                 <literal>DEVTYPE</literal>.</para>
 121                                         </listitem>
 122                                 </varlistentry>
 123                                 <varlistentry>
 124                                         <term><varname>Name=</varname></term>
 125                                         <listitem>
 126                                                 <para>The device name, as exposed by the udev property
 127                                                 <literal>INTERFACE</literal>. May contain shell style
 128                                                 globs.</para>
 129                                         </listitem>
 130                                 </varlistentry>
 131                                 <varlistentry>
 132                                         <term><varname>Host=</varname></term>
 133                                         <listitem>
 134                                                 <para>Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
 135                                                 host. See <literal>ConditionHost=</literal> in
 136                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 137                                                 for details.
 138                                                 </para>
 139                                         </listitem>
 140                                 </varlistentry>
 141                                 <varlistentry>
 142                                         <term><varname>Virtualization=</varname></term>
 143                                         <listitem>
 144                                                 <para>Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
 145                                                 environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
 146                                                 implementation. See <literal>ConditionVirtualization=</literal> in
 147                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 148                                                 for details.
 149                                                 </para>
 150                                         </listitem>
 151                                 </varlistentry>
 152                                 <varlistentry>
 153                                         <term><varname>KernelCommandLine=</varname></term>
 154                                         <listitem>
 155                                                 <para>Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is
 156                                                 set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
 157                                                 <literal>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</literal> in
 158                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 159                                                 for details.
 160                                                 </para>
 161                                         </listitem>
 162                                 </varlistentry>
 163                                 <varlistentry>
 164                                         <term><varname>Architecture=</varname></term>
 165                                         <listitem>
 166                                                 <para>Checks whether the system is running on a specific
 167                                                 architecture. See <literal>ConditionArchitecture=</literal> in
 168                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 169                                                 for details.
 170                                                 </para>
 171                                         </listitem>
 172                                 </varlistentry>
 173                         </variablelist>
 174
 175                         <para>The <literal>[Network]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
 176
 177                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 178                                 <varlistentry>
 179                                         <term><varname>Description=</varname></term>
 180                                         <listitem>
 181                                                 <para>A description of the device. This is only used for
 182                                                 presentation purposes.</para>
 183                                         </listitem>
 184                                 </varlistentry>
 185                                 <varlistentry>
 186                                         <term><varname>DHCP=</varname></term>
 187                                         <listitem>
 188                                                 <para>A boolean. When true, enables basic DHCPv4 support.</para>
 189                                         </listitem>
 190                                 </varlistentry>
 191                                 <varlistentry>
 192                                         <term><varname>IPv4LL=</varname></term>
 193                                         <listitem>
 194                                                 <para>A boolean. When true, enables IPv4 link-local support.
 195                                                 If <literal>DHCP=</literal> is also true, acquiring DHCP address
 196                                                 will deprecate previously acquired IPv4 link-local address or
 197                                                 stop acquiring process if there hasn't been one acquired before.
 198                                                 </para>
 199                                         </listitem>
 200                                 </varlistentry>
 201                                 <varlistentry>
 202                                         <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
 203                                         <listitem>
 204                                                 <para>A static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix length,
 205                                                 separated by a <literal>/</literal> character. Specify this
 206                                                 key more than once to configure several addresses.
 207                                                 The format of the address must be as described in
 208                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 209                                                 This is a short-hand for an [Address] section only containing
 210                                                 an Address key (see below). This option may be specified
 211                                                 more than once.
 212                                                 </para>
 213                                         </listitem>
 214                                 </varlistentry>
 215                                 <varlistentry>
 216                                         <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
 217                                         <listitem>
 218                                                 <para>The gateway address, which must be in the format described in
 219                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 220                                                 This is a short-hand for a [Route] section only containing a Gateway
 221                                                 key. This option may be specified more than once.</para>
 222                                         </listitem>
 223                                 </varlistentry>
 224                                 <varlistentry>
 225                                         <term><varname>DNS=</varname></term>
 226                                         <listitem>
 227                                                 <para>A DNS server address, which must be in the format described in
 228                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 229                                                 This option may be specified more than once.</para>
 230                                         </listitem>
 231                                 </varlistentry>
 232                                 <varlistentry>
 233                                         <term><varname>Bridge=</varname></term>
 234                                         <listitem>
 235                                                 <para>The name of the bridge to add the link to.</para>
 236                                         </listitem>
 237                                 </varlistentry>
 238                                 <varlistentry>
 239                                         <term><varname>Bond=</varname></term>
 240                                         <listitem>
 241                                                 <para>The name of the bond to add the link to.</para>
 242                                         </listitem>
 243                                 </varlistentry>
 244                                 <varlistentry>
 245                                         <term><varname>VLAN=</varname></term>
 246                                         <listitem>
 247                                                 <para>The name of a VLAN to create on the link. This option
 248                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 249                                         </listitem>
 250                                 </varlistentry>
 251                                 <varlistentry>
 252                                         <term><varname>MACVLAN=</varname></term>
 253                                         <listitem>
 254                                                 <para>The name of a MACVLAN to create on the link. This option
 255                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 256                                         </listitem>
 257                                 </varlistentry>
 258                         </variablelist>
 259
 260                         <para>An <literal>[Address]</literal> section accepts the following keys.
 261                         Specify several <literal>[Address]</literal> sections to configure several
 262                         addresses.</para>
 263
 264                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 265                                 <varlistentry>
 266                                         <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
 267                                         <listitem>
 268                                                 <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>
 269                                         </listitem>
 270                                 </varlistentry>
 271                                 <varlistentry>
 272                                         <term><varname>Broadcast=</varname></term>
 273                                         <listitem>
 274                                                 <para>The broadcast address, which must be in the format described in
 275                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 276                                                 . This key only applies to IPv4 addresses. If it is not given, it is
 277                                                 derived from the <literal>Address</literal> key.</para>
 278                                         </listitem>
 279                                 </varlistentry>
 280                                 <varlistentry>
 281                                         <term><varname>Label=</varname></term>
 282                                         <listitem>
 283                                                 <para>An address label.</para>
 284                                         </listitem>
 285                                 </varlistentry>
 286                         </variablelist>
 287
 288                         <para>The <literal>[Route]</literal> section accepts the following keys. Specify
 289                         several <literal>[Route]</literal> sections to configure several routes.</para>
 290
 291                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 292                                 <varlistentry>
 293                                         <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
 294                                         <listitem>
 295                                                 <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>
 296                                         </listitem>
 297                                 </varlistentry>
 298                                 <varlistentry>
 299                                         <term><varname>Destination=</varname></term>
 300                                         <listitem>
 301                                                 <para>The destination prefix of the route. Possibly followed by a slash and the
 302                                                 prefixlength, if ommitted a full-length host route is assumed.</para>
 303                                         </listitem>
 304                                 </varlistentry>
 305                         </variablelist>
 306
 307                         <para>The <literal>[DHCPv4]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
 308
 309                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 310                                 <varlistentry>
 311                                         <term><varname>UseDNS=</varname></term>
 312                                         <listitem>
 313                                                 <para>When true (the default), the DNS servers received from the DHCP server will
 314                                                 be used and take precedence over any statically configured ones.</para>
 315                                         </listitem>
 316                                 </varlistentry>
 317                                 <varlistentry>
 318                                         <term><varname>UseMTU=</varname></term>
 319                                         <listitem>
 320                                                 <para>When true, the interface maximum transmission unit from the DHCP server will
 321                                                 be used on the current link. Defaults to false.</para>
 322                                         </listitem>
 323                                 </varlistentry>
 324                                 <varlistentry>
 325                                         <term><varname>UseHostname=</varname></term>
 326                                         <listitem>
 327                                                 <para>When true (the default), the hostname received from the DHCP server
 328                                                 will be used as the transient hostname.</para>
 329                                         </listitem>
 330                                 </varlistentry>
 331                                 <varlistentry>
 332                                         <term><varname>CriticalConnection=</varname></term>
 333                                         <listitem>
 334                                                 <para>When true, the connection will never be torn down even if the DHCP lease
 335                                                 expires. This is contrary to the DHCP specification, but may be the best choice
 336                                                 if, say, the root filesystem relies on this connection. Defaults to false.</para>
 337                                         </listitem>
 338                                 </varlistentry>
 339                        </variablelist>
 340
 341         </refsect1>
 342
 343         <refsect1>
 344                 <title>Example</title>
 345                 <example>
 346                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/50-static.network</title>
 347
 348                         <programlisting>[Match]
 349 Name=enp2s0
 350
 351 [Network]
 352 Address=192.168.0.15/24
 353 Gateway=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
 354                 </example>
 355
 356                 <example>
 357                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/80-dhcp.network</title>
 358
 359                         <programlisting>[Match]
 360 Name=en*
 361
 362 [Network]
 363 DHCP=yes</programlisting>
 364                 </example>
 365
 366                 <example>
 367                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-static.network</title>
 368
 369                         <programlisting>[Match]
 370 Name=bridge0
 371
 372 [Network]
 373 Address=192.168.0.15/24
 374 Gateway=192.168.0.1
 375 DNS=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
 376                 </example>
 377
 378                 <example>
 379                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-slave-interface.network</title>
 380
 381                         <programlisting>[Match]
 382 Name=enp2s0
 383
 384 [Network]
 385 Bridge=bridge0</programlisting>
 386                 </example>
 387         </refsect1>
 388
 389         <refsect1>
 390                 <title>See Also</title>
 391                 <para>
 392                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 393                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 394                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 395                 </para>
 396         </refsect1>
 397
 398 </refentry>