network: add support for qdisc handle

[thirdparty/systemd.git] / man / systemd.network.xml

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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ -->

<refentry id="systemd.network" conditional='ENABLE_NETWORKD'
          xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">

  <refentryinfo>
    <title>systemd.network</title>
    <productname>systemd</productname>
  </refentryinfo>

  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>
    <refname>systemd.network</refname>
    <refpurpose>Network configuration</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <para><filename><replaceable>network</replaceable>.network</filename></para>
  </refsynopsisdiv>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Description</title>

    <para>Network setup is performed by
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
    </para>

    <para>The main network file must have the extension <filename>.network</filename>; other
    extensions are ignored. Networks are applied to links whenever the links appear.</para>

    <para>The <filename>.network</filename> files are read from the files located in the system network
    directories <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename> and
    <filename>/usr/local/lib/systemd/network</filename>, the volatile runtime network directory
    <filename>/run/systemd/network</filename> and the local administration network directory
    <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>. All configuration files are collectively sorted and processed
    in lexical order, regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with identical
    filenames replace each other. Files in <filename>/etc</filename> have the highest priority, files in
    <filename>/run</filename> take precedence over files with the same name under
    <filename>/usr</filename>. This can be used to override a system-supplied configuration file with a local
    file if needed. As a special case, an empty file (file size 0) or symlink with the same name pointing to
    <filename>/dev/null</filename> disables the configuration file entirely (it is "masked").</para>

    <para>Along with the network file <filename>foo.network</filename>, a "drop-in" directory
    <filename>foo.network.d/</filename> may exist. All files with the suffix
    <literal>.conf</literal> from this directory will be parsed after the file itself is
    parsed. This is useful to alter or add configuration settings, without having to modify the main
    configuration file. Each drop-in file must have appropriate section headers.</para>

    <para>In addition to <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>, drop-in <literal>.d</literal>
    directories can be placed in <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename> or
    <filename>/run/systemd/network</filename> directories. Drop-in files in
    <filename>/etc</filename> take precedence over those in <filename>/run</filename> which in turn
    take precedence over those in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>. Drop-in files under any of these
    directories take precedence over the main network file wherever located.</para>

    <para>Note that an interface without any static IPv6 addresses configured, and neither DHCPv6
    nor IPv6LL enabled, shall be considered to have no IPv6 support. IPv6 will be automatically
    disabled for that interface by writing "1" to
    <filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/<replaceable>ifname</replaceable>/disable_ipv6</filename>.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[Match] Section Options</title>

      <para>The network file contains a <literal>[Match]</literal>
      section, which determines if a given network file may be applied
      to a given device; and a <literal>[Network]</literal> section
      specifying how the device should be configured. The first (in
      lexical order) of the network files that matches a given device
      is applied, all later files are ignored, even if they match as
      well.</para>

      <para>A network file is said to match a network interface if all matches specified by the
      <literal>[Match]</literal> section are satisfied. When a network file does not contain valid
      settings in <literal>[Match]</literal> section, then the file will match all interfaces and
      <command>systemd-networkd</command> warns about that. Hint: to avoid the warning and to make it
      clear that all interfaces shall be matched, add the following:
      <programlisting>Name=*</programlisting>
      The following keys are accepted:</para>

      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <xi:include href="systemd.link.xml" xpointer="mac-address" />
        <xi:include href="systemd.link.xml" xpointer="permanent-mac-address" />
        <xi:include href="systemd.link.xml" xpointer="path" />
        <xi:include href="systemd.link.xml" xpointer="driver" />
        <xi:include href="systemd.link.xml" xpointer="type" />
        <xi:include href="systemd.link.xml" xpointer="property" />

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Name=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs matching the device name, as exposed
            by the udev property <literal>INTERFACE</literal>, or device's alternative names. If the
            list is prefixed with a "!", the test is inverted.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>WLANInterfaceType=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A whitespace-separated list of wireless network type. Supported values are
            <literal>ad-hoc</literal>, <literal>station</literal>, <literal>ap</literal>,
            <literal>ap-vlan</literal>, <literal>wds</literal>, <literal>monitor</literal>,
            <literal>mesh-point</literal>, <literal>p2p-client</literal>, <literal>p2p-go</literal>,
            <literal>p2p-device</literal>, <literal>ocb</literal>, and <literal>nan</literal>. If the
            list is prefixed with a "!", the test is inverted.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>SSID=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A whitespace-separated list of shell-style globs matching the SSID of the currently
            connected wireless LAN. If the list is prefixed with a "!", the test is inverted.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>BSSID=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A whitespace-separated list of hardware address of the currently connected wireless
            LAN. Use full colon-, hyphen- or dot-delimited hexadecimal. See the example in
            <varname>MACAddress=</varname>. This option may appear more than one, in which case the
            lists are merged. If the empty string is assigned to this option, the list of BSSID defined
            prior to this is reset.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <xi:include href="systemd.link.xml" xpointer="host" />
        <xi:include href="systemd.link.xml" xpointer="virtualization" />
        <xi:include href="systemd.link.xml" xpointer="kernel-command-line" />
        <xi:include href="systemd.link.xml" xpointer="kernel-version" />
        <xi:include href="systemd.link.xml" xpointer="architecture" />
      </variablelist>

  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[Link] Section Options</title>

    <para> The <literal>[Link]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>

    <variablelist class='network-directives'>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The hardware address to set for the device.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>MTUBytes=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The maximum transmission unit in bytes to set for the
          device. The usual suffixes K, M, G, are supported and are
          understood to the base of 1024.</para>
          <para>Note that if IPv6 is enabled on the interface, and the MTU is chosen
          below 1280 (the minimum MTU for IPv6) it will automatically be increased to this value.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>ARP=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a boolean. If set to true, the ARP (low-level Address Resolution Protocol)
          for this interface is enabled. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.</para>
          <para> For example, disabling ARP is useful when creating multiple MACVLAN or VLAN virtual
          interfaces atop a single lower-level physical interface, which will then only serve as a
          link/"bridge" device aggregating traffic to the same physical link and not participate in
          the network otherwise.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Multicast=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a boolean. If set to true, the multicast flag on the device is enabled.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>AllMulticast=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a boolean. If set to true, the driver retrieves all multicast packets from the network.
          This happens when multicast routing is enabled.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Unmanaged=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a boolean. When <literal>yes</literal>, no attempts are
          made to bring up or configure matching links, equivalent to
          when there are no matching network files. Defaults to
          <literal>no</literal>.</para>
          <para>This is useful for preventing later matching network
          files from interfering with certain interfaces that are fully
          controlled by other applications.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>RequiredForOnline=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a boolean or a minimum operational state and an optional maximum operational state.
          Please see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>networkctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
          for possible operational states. When <literal>yes</literal>, the network is deemed required when
          determining whether the system is online when running
          <command>systemd-networkd-wait-online</command>. When <literal>no</literal>, the network is ignored
          when checking for online state. When a minimum operational state and an optional maximum operational
          state are set, <literal>yes</literal> is implied, and this controls the minimum and maximum
          operational state required for the network interface to be considered online.
          Defaults to <literal>yes</literal>.</para>

          <para>The network will be brought up normally in all cases, but in
          the event that there is no address being assigned by DHCP or the
          cable is not plugged in, the link will simply remain offline and be
          skipped automatically by <command>systemd-networkd-wait-online</command>
          if <literal>RequiredForOnline=no</literal>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[Network] Section Options</title>

      <para>The <literal>[Network]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>

      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Description=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A description of the device. This is only used for
            presentation purposes.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>DHCP=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enables DHCPv4 and/or DHCPv6 client support. Accepts
            <literal>yes</literal>, <literal>no</literal>,
            <literal>ipv4</literal>, or <literal>ipv6</literal>. Defaults
            to <literal>no</literal>.</para>

            <para>Note that DHCPv6 will by default be triggered by Router
            Advertisement, if that is enabled, regardless of this parameter.
            By enabling DHCPv6 support explicitly, the DHCPv6 client will
            be started regardless of the presence of routers on the link,
            or what flags the routers pass. See
            <literal>IPv6AcceptRA=</literal>.</para>

            <para>Furthermore, note that by default the domain name
            specified through DHCP is not used for name resolution.
            See option <option>UseDomains=</option> below.</para>

            <para>See the <literal>[DHCPv4]</literal> or <literal>[DHCPv6]</literal> section below for
            further configuration options for the DHCP client support.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>DHCPServer=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. If set to <literal>yes</literal>, DHCPv4 server will be started. Defaults
            to <literal>no</literal>. Further settings for the DHCP
            server may be set in the <literal>[DHCPServer]</literal>
            section described below.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>LinkLocalAddressing=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Enables link-local address autoconfiguration. Accepts <literal>yes</literal>,
            <literal>no</literal>, <literal>ipv4</literal>, <literal>ipv6</literal>,
            <literal>fallback</literal>, or <literal>ipv4-fallback</literal>. If
            <literal>fallback</literal> or <literal>ipv4-fallback</literal> is specified, then an IPv4
            link-local address is configured only when DHCPv4 fails. If <literal>fallback</literal>,
            an IPv6 link-local address is always configured, and if <literal>ipv4-fallback</literal>,
            the address is not configured. Note that, the fallback mechanism works only when DHCPv4
            client is enabled, that is, it requires <literal>DHCP=yes</literal> or
            <literal>DHCP=ipv4</literal>. If <varname>Bridge=</varname> is set, defaults to
            <literal>no</literal>, and if not, defaults to <literal>ipv6</literal>.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPv4LLRoute=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. If set to true, sets up the route needed for
            non-IPv4LL hosts to communicate with IPv4LL-only hosts. Defaults
            to false.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>DefaultRouteOnDevice=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. If set to true, sets up the default route bound to the interface.
            Defaults to false. This is useful when creating routes on point-to-point interfaces.
            This is equivalent to e.g. the following.
            <programlisting>ip route add default dev veth99</programlisting></para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPv6Token=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies an optional address generation mechanism and an optional address prefix. If
            the mechanism is present, the two parts must be separated with a colon
            <literal><replaceable>type</replaceable>:<replaceable>prefix</replaceable></literal>. The
            address generation mechanism may be either <constant>prefixstable</constant> or
            <constant>static</constant>. If not specified, <constant>static</constant> is assumed. When
            set to <literal>prefixstable</literal> a method for generating IPv6 Interface Identifiers to
            be used with IPv6 Stateless Address Autocon figuration (SLAAC). See
            <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7217">RFC 7217</ulink>. When IPv6 address is set,
            indicates the 64-bit interface part of SLAAC IPv6 addresses for this link.</para>

            <para>Note that the token is only ever used for SLAAC, and not for DHCPv6 addresses, even in
            the case DHCP is requested by router advertisement. By default, the token is autogenerated.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>LLMNR=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean or <literal>resolve</literal>. When true,
            enables <ulink
            url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4795">Link-Local
            Multicast Name Resolution</ulink> on the link. When set to
            <literal>resolve</literal>, only resolution is enabled,
            but not host registration and announcement. Defaults to
            true. This setting is read by
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>MulticastDNS=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean or <literal>resolve</literal>. When true,
            enables <ulink
            url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6762">Multicast
            DNS</ulink> support on the link. When set to
            <literal>resolve</literal>, only resolution is enabled,
            but not host or service registration and
            announcement. Defaults to false. This setting is read by
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>DNSOverTLS=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean or <literal>opportunistic</literal>.
            When true, enables
            <ulink
            url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7858">DNS-over-TLS</ulink>
            support on the link.
            When set to <literal>opportunistic</literal>, compatibility with
            non-DNS-over-TLS servers is increased, by automatically
            turning off DNS-over-TLS servers in this case.
            This option defines a per-interface setting for
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>resolved.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
            global <varname>DNSOverTLS=</varname> option. Defaults to
            false. This setting is read by
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>DNSSEC=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. or
            <literal>allow-downgrade</literal>. When true, enables
            <ulink
            url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4033">DNSSEC</ulink>
            DNS validation support on the link. When set to
            <literal>allow-downgrade</literal>, compatibility with
            non-DNSSEC capable networks is increased, by automatically
            turning off DNSSEC in this case. This option defines a
            per-interface setting for
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>resolved.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
            global <varname>DNSSEC=</varname> option. Defaults to
            false. This setting is read by
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>DNSSECNegativeTrustAnchors=</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>A space-separated list of DNSSEC negative
          trust anchor domains. If specified and DNSSEC is enabled,
          look-ups done via the interface's DNS server will be subject
          to the list of negative trust anchors, and not require
          authentication for the specified domains, or anything below
          it. Use this to disable DNSSEC authentication for specific
          private domains, that cannot be proven valid using the
          Internet DNS hierarchy. Defaults to the empty list. This
          setting is read by
          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>LLDP=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Controls support for Ethernet LLDP packet reception. LLDP is a link-layer protocol commonly
            implemented on professional routers and bridges which announces which physical port a system is connected
            to, as well as other related data. Accepts a boolean or the special value
            <literal>routers-only</literal>. When true, incoming LLDP packets are accepted and a database of all LLDP
            neighbors maintained. If <literal>routers-only</literal> is set only LLDP data of various types of routers
            is collected and LLDP data about other types of devices ignored (such as stations, telephones and
            others). If false, LLDP reception is disabled. Defaults to <literal>routers-only</literal>. Use
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>networkctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to query the
            collected neighbor data. LLDP is only available on Ethernet links. See <varname>EmitLLDP=</varname> below
            for enabling LLDP packet emission from the local system.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>EmitLLDP=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Controls support for Ethernet LLDP packet emission. Accepts a boolean parameter or the special values
            <literal>nearest-bridge</literal>, <literal>non-tpmr-bridge</literal> and
            <literal>customer-bridge</literal>.  Defaults to false, which turns off LLDP packet emission. If not false,
            a short LLDP packet with information about the local system is sent out in regular intervals on the
            link. The LLDP packet will contain information about the local host name, the local machine ID (as stored
            in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) and the
            local interface name, as well as the pretty hostname of the system (as set in
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>). LLDP
            emission is only available on Ethernet links. Note that this setting passes data suitable for
            identification of host to the network and should thus not be enabled on untrusted networks, where such
            identification data should not be made available. Use this option to permit other systems to identify on
            which interfaces they are connected to this system. The three special values control propagation of the
            LLDP packets. The <literal>nearest-bridge</literal> setting permits propagation only to the nearest
            connected bridge, <literal>non-tpmr-bridge</literal> permits propagation across Two-Port MAC Relays, but
            not any other bridges, and <literal>customer-bridge</literal> permits propagation until a customer bridge
            is reached. For details about these concepts, see <ulink
            url="https://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/802.1AB-2016.html">IEEE 802.1AB-2016</ulink>. Note that
            configuring this setting to true is equivalent to <literal>nearest-bridge</literal>, the recommended and
            most restricted level of propagation. See <varname>LLDP=</varname> above for an option to enable LLDP
            reception.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>BindCarrier=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A link name or a list of link names. When set, controls the behavior of the current
            link. When all links in the list are in an operational down state, the current link is brought
            down. When at least one link has carrier, the current interface is brought up.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix length,
            separated by a <literal>/</literal> character. Specify
            this key more than once to configure several addresses.
            The format of the address must be as described in
            <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            This is a short-hand for an [Address] section only
            containing an Address key (see below). This option may be
            specified more than once.
            </para>

            <para>If the specified address is <literal>0.0.0.0</literal> (for IPv4) or <literal>::</literal>
            (for IPv6), a new address range of the requested size is automatically allocated from a
            system-wide pool of unused ranges. Note that the prefix length must be equal or larger than 8 for
            IPv4, and 64 for IPv6. The allocated range is checked against all current network interfaces and
            all known network configuration files to avoid address range conflicts. The default system-wide
            pool consists of 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12 and 10.0.0.0/8 for IPv4, and fd00::/8 for IPv6.
            This functionality is useful to manage a large number of dynamically created network interfaces
            with the same network configuration and automatic address range assignment.</para>

          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The gateway address, which must be in the format
            described in
            <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            This is a short-hand for a [Route] section only containing
            a Gateway key. This option may be specified more than
            once.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>DNS=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A DNS server address, which must be in the format
            described in
            <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            This option may be specified more than once. This setting is read by
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Domains=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A list of domains which should be resolved using the DNS servers on this link. Each item in the list
            should be a domain name, optionally prefixed with a tilde (<literal>~</literal>). The domains with the
            prefix are called "routing-only domains". The domains without the prefix are called "search domains" and
            are first used as search suffixes for extending single-label host names (host names containing no dots) to
            become fully qualified domain names (FQDNs). If a single-label host name is resolved on this interface,
            each of the specified search domains are appended to it in turn, converting it into a fully qualified
            domain name, until one of them may be successfully resolved.</para>

            <para>Both "search" and "routing-only" domains are used for routing of DNS queries: look-ups for host names
            ending in those domains (hence also single label names, if any "search domains" are listed), are routed to
            the DNS servers configured for this interface. The domain routing logic is particularly useful on
            multi-homed hosts with DNS servers serving particular private DNS zones on each interface.</para>

            <para>The "routing-only" domain <literal>~.</literal> (the tilde indicating definition of a routing domain,
            the dot referring to the DNS root domain which is the implied suffix of all valid DNS names) has special
            effect. It causes all DNS traffic which does not match another configured domain routing entry to be routed
            to DNS servers specified for this interface. This setting is useful to prefer a certain set of DNS servers
            if a link on which they are connected is available.</para>

            <para>This setting is read by
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            "Search domains" correspond to the <varname>domain</varname> and <varname>search</varname> entries in
            <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>resolv.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            Domain name routing has no equivalent in the traditional glibc API, which has no concept of domain
            name servers limited to a specific link.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>DNSDefaultRoute=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean argument. If true, this link's configured DNS servers are used for resolving domain
            names that do not match any link's configured <varname>Domains=</varname> setting. If false, this link's
            configured DNS servers are never used for such domains, and are exclusively used for resolving names that
            match at least one of the domains configured on this link. If not specified defaults to an automatic mode:
            queries not matching any link's configured domains will be routed to this link if it has no routing-only
            domains configured.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>NTP=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>An NTP server address. This option may be specified more than once. This setting is read by
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-timesyncd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPForward=</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>Configures IP packet forwarding for the
          system. If enabled, incoming packets on any network
          interface will be forwarded to any other interfaces
          according to the routing table. Takes a boolean,
          or the values <literal>ipv4</literal> or
          <literal>ipv6</literal>, which only enable IP packet
          forwarding for the specified address family.  This controls
          the <filename>net.ipv4.ip_forward</filename> and
          <filename>net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding</filename> sysctl
          options of the network interface (see <ulink
          url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt">ip-sysctl.txt</ulink>
          for details about sysctl options). Defaults to
          <literal>no</literal>.</para>

          <para>Note: this setting controls a global kernel option,
          and does so one way only: if a network that has this setting
          enabled is set up the global setting is turned on.  However,
          it is never turned off again, even after all networks with
          this setting enabled are shut down again.</para>

          <para>To allow IP packet forwarding only between specific
          network interfaces use a firewall.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPMasquerade=</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>Configures IP masquerading for the network
          interface. If enabled, packets forwarded from the network
          interface will be appear as coming from the local host.
          Takes a boolean argument. Implies
          <varname>IPForward=ipv4</varname>. Defaults to
          <literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPv6PrivacyExtensions=</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>Configures use of stateless temporary
          addresses that change over time (see <ulink
          url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4941">RFC 4941</ulink>,
          Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
          in IPv6). Takes a boolean or the special values
          <literal>prefer-public</literal> and
          <literal>kernel</literal>. When true, enables the privacy
          extensions and prefers temporary addresses over public
          addresses. When <literal>prefer-public</literal>, enables the
          privacy extensions, but prefers public addresses over
          temporary addresses. When false, the privacy extensions
          remain disabled. When <literal>kernel</literal>, the kernel's
          default setting will be left in place.  Defaults to
          <literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPv6AcceptRA=</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>Takes a boolean. Controls IPv6 Router Advertisement (RA) reception support
          for the interface. If true, RAs are accepted; if false, RAs are ignored, independently of the
          local forwarding state. When RAs are accepted, they may trigger the start of the DHCPv6
          client if the relevant flags are set in the RA data, or if no routers are found on the link.</para>

          <para>Further settings for the IPv6 RA support may be configured in the
          <literal>[IPv6AcceptRA]</literal> section, see below.</para>

          <para>Also see <ulink
          url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt">ip-sysctl.txt</ulink> in the kernel
          documentation regarding <literal>accept_ra</literal>, but note that systemd's setting of
          <constant>1</constant> (i.e. true) corresponds to kernel's setting of <constant>2</constant>.</para>

          <para>Note that kernel's implementation of the IPv6 RA protocol is always disabled,
          regardless of this setting. If this option is enabled, a userspace implementation of the IPv6
          RA protocol is used, and the kernel's own implementation remains disabled, since
          <command>systemd-networkd</command> needs to know all details supplied in the advertisements,
          and these are not available from the kernel if the kernel's own implementation is used.</para>
        </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPv6DuplicateAddressDetection=</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>Configures the amount of IPv6 Duplicate
          Address Detection (DAD) probes to send. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
        </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPv6HopLimit=</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>Configures IPv6 Hop Limit. For each router that
          forwards the packet, the hop limit is decremented by 1. When the
          hop limit field reaches zero, the packet is discarded.
          When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
        </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPv4ProxyARP=</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>Takes a boolean. Configures proxy ARP for IPv4. Proxy ARP is the technique in which one host,
          usually a router, answers ARP requests intended for another machine. By "faking" its identity,
          the router accepts responsibility for routing packets to the "real" destination. (see <ulink
          url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1027">RFC 1027</ulink>.
          When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
        </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPv6ProxyNDP=</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>Takes a boolean. Configures proxy NDP for IPv6. Proxy NDP (Neighbor Discovery
          Protocol) is a technique for IPv6 to allow routing of addresses to a different
          destination when peers expect them to be present on a certain physical link.
          In this case a router answers Neighbour Advertisement messages intended for
          another machine by offering its own MAC address as destination.
          Unlike proxy ARP for IPv4, it is not enabled globally, but will only send Neighbour
          Advertisement messages for addresses in the IPv6 neighbor proxy table,
          which can also be shown by <command>ip -6 neighbour show proxy</command>.
          systemd-networkd will control the per-interface `proxy_ndp` switch for each configured
          interface depending on this option.
          When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
        </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPv6ProxyNDPAddress=</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>An IPv6 address, for which Neighbour Advertisement messages will be
          proxied. This option may be specified more than once. systemd-networkd will add the
          <option>IPv6ProxyNDPAddress=</option> entries to the kernel's IPv6 neighbor proxy table.
          This option implies <option>IPv6ProxyNDP=yes</option> but has no effect if
          <option>IPv6ProxyNDP</option> has been set to false. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
        </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPv6PrefixDelegation=</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>Whether to enable or disable Router Advertisement sending on a link.
          Allowed values are <literal>static</literal> which distributes prefixes as defined in
          the <literal>[IPv6PrefixDelegation]</literal> and any <literal>[IPv6Prefix]</literal>
          sections, <literal>dhcpv6</literal> which requests prefixes using a DHCPv6 client
          configured for another link and any values configured in the
          <literal>[IPv6PrefixDelegation]</literal> section while ignoring all static prefix
          configuration sections, <literal>yes</literal> which uses both static configuration
          and DHCPv6, and <literal>false</literal> which turns off IPv6 prefix delegation
          altogether. Defaults to <literal>false</literal>. See the
          <literal>[IPv6PrefixDelegation]</literal> and the <literal>[IPv6Prefix]</literal>
          sections for more configuration options.
          </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPv6MTUBytes=</varname></term>
          <listitem><para>Configures IPv6 maximum transmission unit (MTU).
          An integer greater than or equal to 1280 bytes. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
          </para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Bridge=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The name of the bridge to add the link to. See
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Bond=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The name of the bond to add the link to. See
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>VRF=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The name of the VRF to add the link to. See
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>VLAN=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The name of a VLAN to create on the link. See
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            This option may be specified more than once.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPVLAN=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The name of a IPVLAN to create on the link. See
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            This option may be specified more than once.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>MACVLAN=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The name of a MACVLAN to create on the link. See
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            This option may be specified more than once.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>VXLAN=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The name of a VXLAN to create on the link. See
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            This option may be specified more than once.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Tunnel=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The name of a Tunnel to create on the link. See
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            This option may be specified more than once.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>MACsec=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The name of a MACsec device to create on the link. See
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            This option may be specified more than once.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>ActiveSlave=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a boolean. Specifies the new active slave. The <literal>ActiveSlave=</literal>
          option is only valid for following modes:
          <literal>active-backup</literal>,
          <literal>balance-alb</literal> and
          <literal>balance-tlb</literal>. Defaults to false.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>PrimarySlave=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a boolean. Specifies which slave is the primary device. The specified
          device will always be the active slave while it is available. Only when the
          primary is off-line will alternate devices be used.  This is useful when
          one slave is preferred over another, e.g. when one slave has higher throughput
          than another. The <literal>PrimarySlave=</literal> option is only valid for
          following modes:
          <literal>active-backup</literal>,
          <literal>balance-alb</literal> and
          <literal>balance-tlb</literal>. Defaults to false.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>ConfigureWithoutCarrier=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a boolean. Allows networkd to configure a specific link even if it has no carrier.
          Defaults to false.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>IgnoreCarrierLoss=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A boolean. Allows networkd to retain both the static and dynamic configuration of the
          interface even if its carrier is lost. Defaults to false.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Xfrm=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The name of the xfrm to create on the link. See
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            This option may be specified more than once.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>KeepConfiguration=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a boolean or one of <literal>static</literal>, <literal>dhcp-on-stop</literal>,
          <literal>dhcp</literal>. When <literal>static</literal>, <command>systemd-networkd</command>
          will not drop static addresses and routes on starting up process. When set to
          <literal>dhcp-on-stop</literal>, <command>systemd-networkd</command> will not drop addresses
          and routes on stopping the daemon. When <literal>dhcp</literal>,
          the addresses and routes provided by a DHCP server will never be dropped even if the DHCP
          lease expires. This is contrary to the DHCP specification, but may be the best choice if,
          e.g., the root filesystem relies on this connection. The setting <literal>dhcp</literal>
          implies <literal>dhcp-on-stop</literal>, and <literal>yes</literal> implies
          <literal>dhcp</literal> and <literal>static</literal>. Defaults to <literal>no</literal>.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      </variablelist>

  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[Address] Section Options</title>

      <para>An <literal>[Address]</literal> section accepts the
      following keys. Specify several <literal>[Address]</literal>
      sections to configure several addresses.</para>

      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory. Each
            <literal>[Address]</literal> section can contain one <varname>Address=</varname> setting.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Peer=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The peer address in a point-to-point connection.
            Accepts the same format as the <varname>Address=</varname>
            key.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Broadcast=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The broadcast address, which must be in the format
            described in
            <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
            This key only applies to IPv4 addresses. If it is not
            given, it is derived from the <varname>Address=</varname>
            key.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Label=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>An address label.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>PreferredLifetime=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Allows the default "preferred lifetime" of the address to be overridden.
            Only three settings are accepted: <literal>forever</literal> or <literal>infinity</literal>
            which is the default and means that the address never expires, and <literal>0</literal> which means
            that the address is considered immediately "expired" and will not be used,
            unless explicitly requested. A setting of PreferredLifetime=0 is useful for
            addresses which are added to be used only by a specific application,
            which is then configured to use them explicitly.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Scope=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The scope of the address, which can be <literal>global</literal>,
            <literal>link</literal> or <literal>host</literal> or an unsigned integer ranges 0 to 255.
            Defaults to <literal>global</literal>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>HomeAddress=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. Designates this address the "home address" as defined in
            <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6275">RFC 6275</ulink>.
            Supported only on IPv6. Defaults to false.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>DuplicateAddressDetection=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes one of <literal>ipv4</literal>, <literal>ipv6</literal>,
            <literal>both</literal>, <literal>none</literal>. When <literal>ipv4</literal>,
            performs IPv4 Duplicate Address Detection. See
            <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5227">RFC 5224</ulink>.
            When <literal>ipv6</literal>, performs IPv6 Duplicate Address Detection. See
            <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4862">RFC 4862</ulink>.
            Defaults to <literal>ipv6</literal>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ManageTemporaryAddress=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. If true the kernel manage temporary addresses created
            from this one as template on behalf of Privacy Extensions
            <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3041">RFC 3041</ulink>.  For this to become
            active, the use_tempaddr sysctl setting has to be set to a value greater than zero.
            The given address needs to have a prefix length of 64. This flag allows using privacy
            extensions in a manually configured network, just like if stateless auto-configuration
            was active. Defaults to false. </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>AddPrefixRoute=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. When true, the prefix route for the address is automatically added.
            Defaults to true.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>AutoJoin=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. Joining multicast group on ethernet level via
            <command>ip maddr</command> command would not work if we have an Ethernet switch that does
            IGMP snooping since the switch would not replicate multicast packets on  ports that did not
            have IGMP reports for the multicast addresses. Linux vxlan interfaces created via
            <command>ip link add vxlan</command> or networkd's netdev kind vxlan have the group option
            that enables then to do the required join. By extending ip address command with option
            <literal>autojoin</literal> we can get similar functionality for openvswitch (OVS) vxlan
            interfaces as well as other tunneling mechanisms that need to receive multicast traffic.
            Defaults to <literal>no</literal>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[Neighbor] Section Options</title>
      <para>A <literal>[Neighbor]</literal> section accepts the
      following keys. The neighbor section adds a permanent, static
      entry to the neighbor table (IPv6) or ARP table (IPv4) for
      the given hardware address on the links matched for the network.
      Specify several <literal>[Neighbor]</literal> sections to configure
      several static neighbors.</para>

      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The IP address of the neighbor.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>LinkLayerAddress=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The link layer address (MAC address or IP address) of the neighbor.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

    <refsect1>
    <title>[IPv6AddressLabel] Section Options</title>

      <para>An <literal>[IPv6AddressLabel]</literal> section accepts the
      following keys. Specify several <literal>[IPv6AddressLabel]</literal>
      sections to configure several address labels. IPv6 address labels are
      used for address selection. See <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3484">RFC 3484</ulink>.
      Precedence is managed by userspace, and only the label itself is stored in the kernel</para>

      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Label=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para> The label for the prefix (an unsigned integer) ranges 0 to 4294967294.
            0xffffffff is reserved. This key is mandatory.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Prefix=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>IPv6 prefix is an address with a prefix length, separated by a slash <literal>/</literal> character.
            This key is mandatory. </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

 <refsect1>
    <title>[RoutingPolicyRule] Section Options</title>

      <para>An <literal>[RoutingPolicyRule]</literal> section accepts the
      following keys. Specify several <literal>[RoutingPolicyRule]</literal>
      sections to configure several rules.</para>

      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>TypeOfService=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies the type of service to match a number between 0 to 255.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>From=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies the source address prefix to match. Possibly followed by a slash and the prefix length.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>To=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies the destination address prefix to match. Possibly followed by a slash and the prefix length.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>FirewallMark=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies the iptables firewall mark value to match (a number between 1 and 4294967295).</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Table=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies the routing table identifier to lookup if the rule selector matches. Takes
            one of <literal>default</literal>, <literal>main</literal>, and <literal>local</literal>,
            or a number between 1 and 4294967295. Defaults to <literal>main</literal>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Priority=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies the priority of this rule. <varname>Priority=</varname> is an unsigned
            integer. Higher number means lower priority, and rules get processed in order of increasing number.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IncomingInterface=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies incoming device to match. If the interface is loopback, the rule only matches packets originating from this host.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>OutgoingInterface=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies the outgoing device to match. The outgoing interface is only available for packets originating from local sockets that are bound to a device.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>SourcePort=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies the source IP port or IP port range match in forwarding information base (FIB) rules.
            A port range is specified by the lower and upper port separated by a dash. Defaults to unset.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>DestinationPort=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies the destination IP port or IP port range match in forwarding information base (FIB) rules.
            A port range is specified by the lower and upper port separated by a dash. Defaults to unset.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPProtocol=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies the IP protocol to match in forwarding information base (FIB) rules. Takes IP protocol name such as <literal>tcp</literal>,
            <literal>udp</literal> or <literal>sctp</literal>, or IP protocol number such as <literal>6</literal> for <literal>tcp</literal> or
            <literal>17</literal> for <literal>udp</literal>.
            Defaults to unset.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>InvertRule=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A boolean. Specifies whether the rule is to be inverted. Defaults to false.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Family=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a special value <literal>ipv4</literal>, <literal>ipv6</literal>, or
            <literal>both</literal>. By default, the address family is determined by the address
            specified in <varname>To=</varname> or <varname>From=</varname>. If neither
            <varname>To=</varname> nor <varname>From=</varname> are specified, then defaults to
            <literal>ipv4</literal>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>User=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a username, a user ID, or a range of user IDs separated by a dash. Defaults to
            unset.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>SuppressPrefixLength=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a number <replaceable>N</replaceable> in the range 0-128 and rejects routing
            decisions that have a prefix length of <replaceable>N</replaceable> or less. Defaults to
            unset.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
    </refsect1>

    <refsect1>
      <title>[NextHop] Section Options</title>
      <para>The <literal>[NextHop]</literal> section accepts the
      following keys. Specify several <literal>[NextHop]</literal>
      sections to configure several nexthop. Nexthop is used to manipulate entries in the kernel's nexthop
      tables.</para>

      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This is mandatory.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Id=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The id of the nexthop (an unsigned integer). If unspecified or '0' then automatically chosen by kernel.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[Route] Section Options</title>
      <para>The <literal>[Route]</literal> section accepts the
      following keys. Specify several <literal>[Route]</literal>
      sections to configure several routes.</para>

      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes the gateway address or special value <literal>_dhcp</literal>. If
            <literal>_dhcp</literal>, then the gateway address provided by DHCP (or in the IPv6 case,
            provided by IPv6 RA) is used.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
         <varlistentry>
           <term><varname>GatewayOnLink=</varname></term>
           <listitem>
             <para>Takes a boolean. If set to true, the kernel does not have
             to check if the gateway is reachable directly by the current machine (i.e., the kernel does
             not need to check if the gateway is attached to the local network), so that we can insert the
             route in the kernel table without it being complained about. Defaults to <literal>no</literal>.
             </para>
           </listitem>
         </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Destination=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The destination prefix of the route. Possibly
            followed by a slash and the prefix length. If omitted, a
            full-length host route is assumed.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Source=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The source prefix of the route. Possibly followed by
            a slash and the prefix length. If omitted, a full-length
            host route is assumed.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Metric=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The metric of the route (an unsigned integer).</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPv6Preference=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies the route preference as defined in <ulink
            url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4191">RFC4191</ulink> for Router Discovery messages.
            Which can be one of <literal>low</literal> the route has a lowest priority,
            <literal>medium</literal> the route has a default priority or
            <literal>high</literal> the route has a highest priority.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Scope=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The scope of the route, which can be <literal>global</literal>, <literal>site</literal>,
            <literal>link</literal>, <literal>host</literal>, or <literal>nowhere</literal>. For IPv4 route,
            defaults to <literal>host</literal> if <varname>Type=</varname> is <literal>local</literal>
            or <literal>nat</literal>, and <literal>link</literal> if <varname>Type=</varname> is
            <literal>broadcast</literal>, <literal>multicast</literal>, or <literal>anycast</literal>.
            In other cases, defaults to <literal>global</literal>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>PreferredSource=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The preferred source address of the route. The address
            must be in the format described in
            <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Table=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The table identifier for the route. Takes <literal>default</literal>,
            <literal>main</literal>, <literal>local</literal> or a number between 1 and 4294967295.
            The table can be retrieved using <command>ip route show table <replaceable>num</replaceable></command>.
            If unset and <varname>Type=</varname> is <literal>local</literal>, <literal>broadcast</literal>,
            <literal>anycast</literal>, or <literal>nat</literal>, then <literal>local</literal> is used.
            In other cases, defaults to <literal>main</literal>.
          </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Protocol=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The protocol identifier for the route. Takes a number between 0 and 255 or the special values
            <literal>kernel</literal>, <literal>boot</literal>, <literal>static</literal>,
            <literal>ra</literal> and <literal>dhcp</literal>. Defaults to <literal>static</literal>.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies the type for the route. Takes one of <literal>unicast</literal>,
            <literal>local</literal>, <literal>broadcast</literal>, <literal>anycast</literal>,
            <literal>multicast</literal>, <literal>blackhole</literal>, <literal>unreachable</literal>,
            <literal>prohibit</literal>, <literal>throw</literal>, <literal>nat</literal>, and
            <literal>xresolve</literal>. If <literal>unicast</literal>, a regular route is defined, i.e. a
            route indicating the path to take to a destination network address. If <literal>blackhole</literal>, packets
            to the defined route are discarded silently. If <literal>unreachable</literal>, packets to the defined route
            are discarded and the ICMP message "Host Unreachable" is generated. If <literal>prohibit</literal>, packets
            to the defined route are discarded and the ICMP message "Communication Administratively Prohibited" is
            generated. If <literal>throw</literal>, route lookup in the current routing table will fail and the route
            selection process will return to Routing Policy Database (RPDB). Defaults to <literal>unicast</literal>.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>InitialCongestionWindow=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The TCP initial congestion window is used during the start of a TCP connection. During the start of a TCP
            session, when a client requests a resource, the server's initial congestion window determines how many data bytes
            will be sent during the initial burst of data. Takes a size in bytes between 1 and 4294967295 (2^32 - 1). The usual
            suffixes K, M, G are supported and are understood to the base of 1024. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>InitialAdvertisedReceiveWindow=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The TCP initial advertised receive window is the amount of receive data (in bytes) that can initially be buffered at one time
            on a connection. The sending host can send only that amount of data before waiting for an acknowledgment and window update
            from the receiving host. Takes a size in bytes between 1 and 4294967295 (2^32 - 1). The usual suffixes K, M, G are supported
            and are understood to the base of 1024. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>QuickAck=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. When true enables TCP quick ack mode for the route. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>FastOpenNoCookie=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. When true enables TCP fastopen without a cookie on a per-route basis.
            When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>TTLPropagate=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. When true enables TTL propagation at Label Switched Path (LSP) egress.
            When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>MTUBytes=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The maximum transmission unit in bytes to set for the
          route. The usual suffixes K, M, G, are supported and are
          understood to the base of 1024.</para>
          <para>Note that if IPv6 is enabled on the interface, and the MTU is chosen
          below 1280 (the minimum MTU for IPv6) it will automatically be increased to this value.</para>
        </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IPServiceType=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes string; <literal>CS6</literal> or <literal>CS4</literal>. Used to set IP
            service type to CS6 (network control) or CS4 (Realtime). Defaults to CS6.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>MultiPathRoute=<replaceable>address</replaceable>[@<replaceable>name</replaceable>] [<replaceable>weight</replaceable>]</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Configures multipath route. Multipath routing is the technique of using multiple
            alternative paths through a network. Takes gateway address. Optionally, takes a network
            interface name or index separated with <literal>@</literal>, and a weight in 1..256 for
            this multipath route separated with whitespace. This setting can be specified multiple
            times. If an empty string is assigned, then the all previous assignments are cleared.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[DHCPv4] Section Options</title>
      <para>The <literal>[DHCPv4]</literal> section configures the
      DHCPv4 client, if it is enabled with the
      <varname>DHCP=</varname> setting described above:</para>

      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseDNS=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>When true (the default), the DNS servers received
            from the DHCP server will be used and take precedence over
            any statically configured ones.</para>

            <para>This corresponds to the <option>nameserver</option>
            option in <citerefentry
            project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>resolv.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>RoutesToDNS=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>When true, the routes to the DNS servers received from the DHCP server will be
            configured. When <varname>UseDNS=</varname> is disabled, this setting is ignored.
            Defaults to false.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseNTP=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>When true (the default), the NTP servers received
            from the DHCP server will be used by systemd-timesyncd
            and take precedence over any statically configured ones.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseSIP=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>When true (the default), the SIP servers received
            from the DHCP server will be saved at the state files and can be
            read via <function>sd_network_link_get_sip_servers()</function> function.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseMTU=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>When true, the interface maximum transmission unit
            from the DHCP server will be used on the current link.
            If <varname>MTUBytes=</varname> is set, then this setting is ignored.
            Defaults to false.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Anonymize=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. When true, the options sent to the DHCP server will
            follow the <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7844">RFC 7844</ulink>
            (Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients) to minimize disclosure of identifying information.
            Defaults to false.</para>

            <para>This option should only be set to true when
            <varname>MACAddressPolicy=</varname> is set to <literal>random</literal>
            (see <citerefentry
            project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>systemd.link</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).</para>

            <para>Note that this configuration will overwrite others.
            In concrete, the following variables will be ignored:
            <varname>SendHostname=</varname>, <varname>ClientIdentifier=</varname>,
            <varname>UseRoutes=</varname>, <varname>UseMTU=</varname>,
            <varname>VendorClassIdentifier=</varname>, <varname>UseTimezone=</varname>.</para>

            <para>With this option enabled DHCP requests will mimic those generated by Microsoft Windows, in
            order to reduce the ability to fingerprint and recognize installations. This means DHCP request
            sizes will grow and lease data will be more comprehensive than normally, though most of the
            requested data is not actually used.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>SendHostname=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>When true (the default), the machine's hostname will be sent to the DHCP server.
            Note that the machine's hostname must consist only of 7-bit ASCII lower-case characters and
            no spaces or dots, and be formatted as a valid DNS domain name. Otherwise, the hostname is not
            sent even if this is set to true.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseHostname=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>When true (the default), the hostname received from
            the DHCP server will be set as the transient hostname of the system.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Hostname=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Use this value for the hostname which is sent to the DHCP server, instead of machine's hostname.
            Note that the specified hostname must consist only of 7-bit ASCII lower-case characters and
            no spaces or dots, and be formatted as a valid DNS domain name.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseDomains=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean, or the special value <literal>route</literal>. When true, the domain name
            received from the DHCP server will be used as DNS search domain over this link, similar to the effect of
            the <option>Domains=</option> setting. If set to <literal>route</literal>, the domain name received from
            the DHCP server will be used for routing DNS queries only, but not for searching, similar to the effect of
            the <option>Domains=</option> setting when the argument is prefixed with <literal>~</literal>. Defaults to
            false.</para>

            <para>It is recommended to enable this option only on trusted networks, as setting this affects resolution
            of all host names, in particular of single-label names. It is generally safer to use the supplied domain
            only as routing domain, rather than as search domain, in order to not have it affect local resolution of
            single-label names.</para>

            <para>When set to true, this setting corresponds to the <option>domain</option> option in <citerefentry
            project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>resolv.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseRoutes=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>When true (the default), the static routes will be requested from the DHCP server and added to the
              routing table with a metric of 1024, and a scope of "global", "link" or "host", depending on the route's
              destination and gateway. If the destination is on the local host, e.g., 127.x.x.x, or the same as the
              link's own address, the scope will be set to "host". Otherwise if the gateway is null (a direct route), a
              "link" scope will be used. For anything else, scope defaults to "global".</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseTimezone=</varname></term>

          <listitem><para>When true, the timezone received from the
          DHCP server will be set as timezone of the local
          system. Defaults to <literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ClientIdentifier=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The DHCPv4 client identifier to use. Takes one of <literal>mac</literal>, <literal>duid</literal> or <literal>duid-only</literal>.
            If set to <literal>mac</literal>, the MAC address of the link is used.
            If set to <literal>duid</literal>, an RFC4361-compliant Client ID, which is the combination of IAID and DUID (see below), is used.
            If set to <literal>duid-only</literal>, only DUID is used, this may not be RFC compliant, but some setups may require to use this.
            Defaults to <literal>duid</literal>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>VendorClassIdentifier=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The vendor class identifier used to identify vendor
            type and configuration.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UserClass=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A DHCPv4 client can use UserClass option to identify the type or category of user or applications
            it represents. The information contained in this option is a string that represents the user class of which
            the client is a member. Each class sets an identifying string of information to be used by the DHCP
            service to classify clients. Takes a whitespace-separated list of strings.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>MaxAttempts=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies how many times the DHCPv4 client configuration should be attempted. Takes a
            number or <literal>infinity</literal>. Defaults to <literal>infinity</literal>.
            Note that the time between retries is increased exponentially, so the network will not be
            overloaded even if this number is high.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>DUIDType=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Override the global <varname>DUIDType</varname> setting for this network. See
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>networkd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
            for a description of possible values.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>DUIDRawData=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Override the global <varname>DUIDRawData</varname> setting for this network. See
            <citerefentry><refentrytitle>networkd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
            for a description of possible values.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>IAID=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The DHCP Identity Association Identifier (IAID) for the interface, a 32-bit unsigned integer.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>RequestBroadcast=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Request the server to use broadcast messages before
            the IP address has been configured. This is necessary for
            devices that cannot receive RAW packets, or that cannot
            receive packets at all before an IP address has been
            configured. On the other hand, this must not be enabled on
            networks where broadcasts are filtered out.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>RouteMetric=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Set the routing metric for routes specified by the
            DHCP server.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>RouteTable=<replaceable>num</replaceable></varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The table identifier for DHCP routes (a number between 1 and 4294967295, or 0 to unset).
            The table can be retrieved using <command>ip route show table <replaceable>num</replaceable></command>.
            </para>
            <para>When used in combination with <varname>VRF=</varname> the
            VRF's routing table is used unless this parameter is specified.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>RouteMTUBytes=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies the MTU for the DHCP routes. Please see the [Route] section for further details.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ListenPort=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Allow setting custom port for the DHCP client to listen on.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>SendRelease=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>When true, the DHCPv4 client sends a DHCP release packet when it stops.
            Defaults to true.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>SendDecline=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A boolen. When <literal>true</literal>, DHCPv4 clients receives IP address from DHCP server.
            After new IP is received, DHCPv4 performs IPv4 Duplicate Address Detection. If duplicate use of IP is detected
            the DHCPv4 client rejects the IP by sending a DHCPDECLINE packet DHCP clients try to obtain an IP address again.
            See <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5227">RFC 5224</ulink>.
            Defaults to <literal>unset</literal>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>BlackList=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>A whitespace-separated list of IPv4 addresses. DHCP offers from servers in the list are rejected.</para>
        </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>RequestOptions=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A whitespace-separated list of integers in the range 1–254.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>SendOption=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Send an arbitrary option in the DHCPv4 request. Takes a DHCP option number, data type
            and data separated with a colon
            (<literal><replaceable>option</replaceable>:<replaceable>type</replaceable>:<replaceable>value</replaceable></literal>).
            The option number must be an integer in the range 1..254. The type takes one of <literal>uint8</literal>,
            <literal>uint16</literal>, <literal>uint32</literal>, <literal>ipv4address</literal>, or
            <literal>string</literal>. Special characters in the data string may be escaped using
            <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_sequences_in_C#Table_of_escape_sequences">C-style
            escapes</ulink>. This setting can be specified multiple times. If an empty string is specified,
            then all options specified earlier are cleared. Defaults to unset.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
       </variablelist>
   </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[DHCPv6] Section Options</title>
      <para>The <literal>[DHCPv6]</literal> section configures the DHCPv6 client, if it is enabled with the
      <varname>DHCP=</varname> setting described above, or invoked by the IPv6 Router Advertisement:</para>

      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseDNS=</varname></term>
          <term><varname>UseNTP=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>As in the <literal>[DHCPv4]</literal> section.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>RapidCommit=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. The DHCPv6 client can obtain configuration parameters from a DHCPv6 server through
            a rapid two-message exchange (solicit and reply). When the rapid commit option is enabled by both
            the DHCPv6 client and the DHCPv6 server, the two-message exchange is used, rather than the default
            four-method exchange (solicit, advertise, request, and reply). The two-message exchange provides
            faster client configuration and is beneficial in environments in which networks are under a heavy load.
            See <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3315#section-17.2.1">RFC 3315</ulink> for details.
            Defaults to true.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ForceDHCPv6PDOtherInformation=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean that enforces DHCPv6 stateful mode when the 'Other information' bit is set in
            Router Advertisement messages. By default setting only the 'O' bit in Router Advertisements
            makes DHCPv6 request network information in a stateless manner using a two-message Information
            Request and Information Reply message exchange.
            <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7084">RFC 7084</ulink>, requirement WPD-4, updates
            this behavior for a Customer Edge router so that stateful DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation is also
            requested when only the 'O' bit is set in Router Advertisements. This option enables such a CE
            behavior as it is impossible to automatically distinguish the intention of the 'O' bit otherwise.
            By default this option is set to 'false', enable it if no prefixes are delegated when the device
            should be acting as a CE router.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>PrefixDelegationHint=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes an IPv6 address with prefix length as <varname>Address=</varname> in
            the "[Network]" section. Specifies the DHCPv6 client for the requesting router to include
            a prefix-hint in the DHCPv6 solicitation. Prefix ranges 1-128. Defaults to unset.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[IPv6AcceptRA] Section Options</title>
      <para>The <literal>[IPv6AcceptRA]</literal> section configures the IPv6 Router Advertisement
      (RA) client, if it is enabled with the <varname>IPv6AcceptRA=</varname> setting described
      above:</para>

      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseDNS=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>When true (the default), the DNS servers received in the Router Advertisement will be used and take
            precedence over any statically configured ones.</para>

            <para>This corresponds to the <option>nameserver</option> option in <citerefentry
            project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>resolv.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseDomains=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean, or the special value <literal>route</literal>. When true, the domain name
            received via IPv6 Router Advertisement (RA) will be used as DNS search domain over this link, similar to
            the effect of the <option>Domains=</option> setting. If set to <literal>route</literal>, the domain name
            received via IPv6 RA will be used for routing DNS queries only, but not for searching, similar to the
            effect of the <option>Domains=</option> setting when the argument is prefixed with
            <literal>~</literal>. Defaults to false.</para>

            <para>It is recommended to enable this option only on trusted networks, as setting this affects resolution
            of all host names, in particular of single-label names. It is generally safer to use the supplied domain
            only as routing domain, rather than as search domain, in order to not have it affect local resolution of
            single-label names.</para>

            <para>When set to true, this setting corresponds to the <option>domain</option> option in <citerefentry
            project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>resolv.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>RouteTable=<replaceable>num</replaceable></varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The table identifier for the routes received in the Router Advertisement
            (a number between 1 and 4294967295, or 0 to unset).
            The table can be retrieved using <command>ip route show table <replaceable>num</replaceable></command>.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseAutonomousPrefix=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>When true (the default), the autonomous prefix received in the Router Advertisement will be used and take
            precedence over any statically configured ones.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseOnLinkPrefix=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>When true (the default), the onlink prefix received in the Router Advertisement will be used and take
            precedence over any statically configured ones.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>BlackList=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>A whitespace-separated list of IPv6 prefixes. IPv6 prefixes supplied via router advertisements in the list are ignored.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

      </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[DHCPServer] Section Options</title>
    <para>The <literal>[DHCPServer]</literal> section contains
    settings for the DHCP server, if enabled via the
    <varname>DHCPServer=</varname> option described above:</para>

    <variablelist class='network-directives'>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>PoolOffset=</varname></term>
        <term><varname>PoolSize=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Configures the pool of addresses to hand out. The pool
        is a contiguous sequence of IP addresses in the subnet configured for
        the server address, which does not include the subnet nor the broadcast
        address. <varname>PoolOffset=</varname> takes the offset of the pool
        from the start of subnet, or zero to use the default value.
        <varname>PoolSize=</varname> takes the number of IP addresses in the
        pool or zero to use the default value. By default, the pool starts at
        the first address after the subnet address and takes up the rest of
        the subnet, excluding the broadcast address. If the pool includes
        the server address (the default), this is reserved and not handed
        out to clients.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>DefaultLeaseTimeSec=</varname></term>
        <term><varname>MaxLeaseTimeSec=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Control the default and maximum DHCP lease
        time to pass to clients. These settings take time values in seconds or
        another common time unit, depending on the suffix. The default
        lease time is used for clients that did not ask for a specific
        lease time. If a client asks for a lease time longer than the
        maximum lease time, it is automatically shortened to the
        specified time. The default lease time defaults to 1h, the
        maximum lease time to 12h. Shorter lease times are beneficial
        if the configuration data in DHCP leases changes frequently
        and clients shall learn the new settings with shorter
        latencies. Longer lease times reduce the generated DHCP
        network traffic.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>EmitDNS=</varname></term>
        <term><varname>DNS=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean. Configures whether the DHCP leases handed out
        to clients shall contain DNS server information. Defaults to <literal>yes</literal>.
        The DNS servers to pass to clients may be configured with the
        <varname>DNS=</varname> option, which takes a list of IPv4
        addresses. If the <varname>EmitDNS=</varname> option is
        enabled but no servers configured, the servers are
        automatically propagated from an "uplink" interface that has
        appropriate servers set. The "uplink" interface is determined
        by the default route of the system with the highest
        priority. Note that this information is acquired at the time
        the lease is handed out, and does not take uplink interfaces
        into account that acquire DNS or NTP server information at a
        later point. DNS server propagation does not take
        <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename> into account. Also, note
        that the leases are not refreshed if the uplink network
        configuration changes. To ensure clients regularly acquire the
        most current uplink DNS server information, it is thus
        advisable to shorten the DHCP lease time via
        <varname>MaxLeaseTimeSec=</varname> described
        above.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>EmitNTP=</varname></term>
        <term><varname>NTP=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Similar to the <varname>EmitDNS=</varname> and
        <varname>DNS=</varname> settings described above, these
        settings configure whether and what NTP server information
        shall be emitted as part of the DHCP lease. The same syntax,
        propagation semantics and defaults apply as for
        <varname>EmitDNS=</varname> and
        <varname>DNS=</varname>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>EmitSIP=</varname></term>
        <term><varname>SIP=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Similar to the <varname>EmitDNS=</varname> and
        <varname>DNS=</varname> settings described above, these
        settings configure whether and what SIP server information
        shall be emitted as part of the DHCP lease. The same syntax,
        propagation semantics and defaults apply as for
        <varname>EmitDNS=</varname> and
        <varname>DNS=</varname>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>EmitRouter=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Similar to the <varname>EmitDNS=</varname>
        setting described above, this setting configures whether the
        DHCP lease should contain the router option. The same syntax,
        propagation semantics and defaults apply as for
        <varname>EmitDNS=</varname>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>EmitTimezone=</varname></term>
        <term><varname>Timezone=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean. Configures whether the DHCP leases handed out
        to clients shall contain timezone information. Defaults to <literal>yes</literal>. The
        <varname>Timezone=</varname> setting takes a timezone string
        (such as <literal>Europe/Berlin</literal> or
        <literal>UTC</literal>) to pass to clients. If no explicit
        timezone is set, the system timezone of the local host is
        propagated, as determined by the
        <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> symlink.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>SendOption=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Send a raw option with value via DHCPv4 server. Takes a DHCP option number, data type
          and data (<literal><replaceable>option</replaceable>:<replaceable>type</replaceable>:<replaceable>value</replaceable></literal>).
          The option number is an integer in the range 1..254. The type takes one of <literal>uint8</literal>,
          <literal>uint16</literal>, <literal>uint32</literal>, <literal>ipv4address</literal>, or
          <literal>string</literal>. Special characters in the data string may be escaped using
          <ulink url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_sequences_in_C#Table_of_escape_sequences">C-style
          escapes</ulink>. This setting can be specified multiple times. If an empty string is specified,
          then all options specified earlier are cleared. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[IPv6PrefixDelegation] Section Options</title>
    <para>The <literal>[IPv6PrefixDelegation]</literal> section contains
    settings for sending IPv6 Router Advertisements and whether to act as
    a router, if enabled via the <varname>IPv6PrefixDelegation=</varname>
    option described above. IPv6 network prefixes are defined with one or
    more <literal>[IPv6Prefix]</literal> sections.</para>

    <variablelist class='network-directives'>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Managed=</varname></term>
        <term><varname>OtherInformation=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean. Controls whether a DHCPv6 server is used to acquire IPv6
        addresses on the network link when <varname>Managed=</varname>
        is set to <literal>true</literal> or if only additional network
        information can be obtained via DHCPv6 for the network link when
        <varname>OtherInformation=</varname> is set to
        <literal>true</literal>. Both settings default to
        <literal>false</literal>, which means that a DHCPv6 server is not being
        used.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>RouterLifetimeSec=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Takes a timespan. Configures the IPv6 router lifetime in seconds. If set,
        this host also announces itself in Router Advertisements as an IPv6
        router for the network link. When unset, the host is not acting as a router.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>RouterPreference=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Configures IPv6 router preference if
        <varname>RouterLifetimeSec=</varname> is non-zero. Valid values are
        <literal>high</literal>, <literal>medium</literal> and
        <literal>low</literal>, with <literal>normal</literal> and
        <literal>default</literal> added as synonyms for
        <literal>medium</literal> just to make configuration easier. See
        <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4191">RFC 4191</ulink>
        for details. Defaults to <literal>medium</literal>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>EmitDNS=</varname></term>
        <term><varname>DNS=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para><varname>DNS=</varname> specifies a list of recursive DNS server IPv6 addresses
        that are distributed via Router Advertisement messages when <varname>EmitDNS=</varname> is
        true. <varname>DNS=</varname> also takes special value <literal>_link_local</literal>; in that
        case the IPv6 link local address is distributed. If <varname>DNS=</varname> is empty, DNS
        servers are read from the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. If the
        <literal>[Network]</literal> section does not contain any DNS servers either, DNS servers from
        the uplink with the highest priority default route are used. When <varname>EmitDNS=</varname>
        is false, no DNS server information is sent in Router Advertisement messages.
        <varname>EmitDNS=</varname> defaults to true.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>EmitDomains=</varname></term>
        <term><varname>Domains=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>A list of DNS search domains distributed via Router
        Advertisement messages when <varname>EmitDomains=</varname> is true. If
        <varname>Domains=</varname> is empty, DNS search domains are read from the
        <literal>[Network]</literal> section. If the <literal>[Network]</literal>
        section does not contain any DNS search domains either, DNS search
        domains from the uplink with the highest priority default route are
        used. When <varname>EmitDomains=</varname> is false, no DNS search domain
        information is sent in Router Advertisement messages.
        <varname>EmitDomains=</varname> defaults to true.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>DNSLifetimeSec=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Lifetime in seconds for the DNS server addresses listed
        in <varname>DNS=</varname> and search domains listed in
        <varname>Domains=</varname>.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
    </refsect1>

    <refsect1>
    <title>[IPv6Prefix] Section Options</title>
    <para>One or more <literal>[IPv6Prefix]</literal> sections contain the IPv6
    prefixes that are announced via Router Advertisements. See
    <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4861">RFC 4861</ulink>
    for further details.</para>

    <variablelist class='network-directives'>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>AddressAutoconfiguration=</varname></term>
        <term><varname>OnLink=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean to specify whether IPv6 addresses can be
        autoconfigured with this prefix and whether the prefix can be used for
        onlink determination. Both settings default to <literal>true</literal>
        in order to ease configuration.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Prefix=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>The IPv6 prefix that is to be distributed to hosts.
        Similarly to configuring static IPv6 addresses, the setting is
        configured as an IPv6 prefix and its prefix length, separated by a
        <literal>/</literal> character. Use multiple
        <literal>[IPv6Prefix]</literal> sections to configure multiple IPv6
        prefixes since prefix lifetimes, address autoconfiguration and onlink
        status may differ from one prefix to another.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>PreferredLifetimeSec=</varname></term>
        <term><varname>ValidLifetimeSec=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Preferred and valid lifetimes for the prefix measured in
        seconds. <varname>PreferredLifetimeSec=</varname> defaults to 604800
        seconds (one week) and <varname>ValidLifetimeSec=</varname> defaults
        to 2592000 seconds (30 days).</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
    </refsect1>

    <refsect1>
    <title>[IPv6RoutePrefix] Section Options</title>
    <para>One or more <literal>[IPv6RoutePrefix]</literal> sections contain the IPv6
    prefix routes that are announced via Router Advertisements. See
    <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4191">RFC 4191</ulink>
    for further details.</para>

    <variablelist class='network-directives'>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Route=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>The IPv6 route that is to be distributed to hosts.
        Similarly to configuring static IPv6 routes, the setting is
        configured as an IPv6 prefix routes and its prefix route length,
        separated by a<literal>/</literal> character. Use multiple
        <literal>[IPv6PrefixRoutes]</literal> sections to configure multiple IPv6
        prefix routes.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>LifetimeSec=</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Lifetime for the route prefix measured in
        seconds. <varname>LifetimeSec=</varname> defaults to 604800 seconds (one week).
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>
    </refsect1>

    <refsect1>
    <title>[Bridge] Section Options</title>
      <para>The <literal>[Bridge]</literal> section accepts the
      following keys.</para>
      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UnicastFlood=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. Controls whether the bridge should flood
            traffic for which an FDB entry is missing and the destination
            is unknown through this port. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>MulticastFlood=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. Controls whether the bridge should flood
            traffic for which an MDB entry is missing and the destination
            is unknown through this port. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>MulticastToUnicast=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. Multicast to unicast works on top of the multicast snooping feature of
            the bridge. Which means unicast copies are only delivered to hosts which are interested in it.
            When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>NeighborSuppression=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. Configures whether ARP and ND neighbor suppression is enabled for
            this port. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Learning=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. Configures whether MAC address learning is enabled for
            this port. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>HairPin=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. Configures whether traffic may be sent back
            out of the port on which it was received. When this flag is false, and the bridge
            will not forward traffic back out of the receiving port.
            When unset, the kernel's default will be used.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>UseBPDU=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. Configures whether STP Bridge Protocol Data Units will be
            processed by the bridge port. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>FastLeave=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. This flag allows the bridge to immediately stop multicast
            traffic on a port that receives an IGMP Leave message. It is only used with
            IGMP snooping if enabled on the bridge. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>AllowPortToBeRoot=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. Configures whether a given port is allowed to
            become a root port. Only used when STP is enabled on the bridge.
            When unset, the kernel's default will be used.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ProxyARP=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. Configures whether proxy ARP to be enabled on this port.
            When unset, the kernel's default will be used.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>ProxyARPWiFi=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. Configures whether proxy ARP to be enabled on this port
            which meets extended requirements by IEEE 802.11 and Hotspot 2.0 specifications.
            When unset, the kernel's default will be used.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>MulticastRouter=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Configures this port for having multicast routers attached. A port with a multicast
            router will receive all multicast traffic. Takes one of <literal>no</literal>
            to disable multicast routers on this port, <literal>query</literal> to let the system detect
            the presence of routers, <literal>permanent</literal> to permanently enable multicast traffic
            forwarding on this port, or <literal>temporary</literal> to enable multicast routers temporarily
            on this port, not depending on incoming queries. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Cost=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Sets the "cost" of sending packets of this interface.
            Each port in a bridge may have a different speed and the cost
            is used to decide which link to use. Faster interfaces
            should have lower costs. It is an integer value between 1 and
            65535.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Priority=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Sets the "priority" of sending packets on this interface.
            Each port in a bridge may have a different priority which is used
            to decide which link to use. Lower value means higher priority.
            It is an integer value between 0 to 63. Networkd does not set any
            default, meaning the kernel default value of 32 is used.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
  <refsect1>
    <title>[BridgeFDB] Section Options</title>
      <para>The <literal>[BridgeFDB]</literal> section manages the
      forwarding database table of a port and accepts the following
      keys. Specify several <literal>[BridgeFDB]</literal> sections to
      configure several static MAC table entries.</para>

      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This
            key is mandatory.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>Destination=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes an IP address of the destination VXLAN tunnel endpoint.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>VLANId=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The VLAN ID for the new static MAC table entry. If
            omitted, no VLAN ID information is appended to the new static MAC
            table entry.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>VNI=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The VXLAN Network Identifier (or VXLAN Segment ID) to use to connect to
            the remote VXLAN tunnel endpoint. Takes a number in the range 1-16777215.
            Defaults to unset.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>AssociatedWith=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Specifies where the address is associated with. Takes one of <literal>use</literal>,
            <literal>self</literal>, <literal>master</literal> or <literal>router</literal>.
            <literal>use</literal> means the address is in use. User space can use this option to
            indicate to the kernel that the fdb entry is in use. <literal>self</literal> means
            the address is associated with the port drivers fdb. Usually hardware. <literal>master</literal>
            means the address is associated with master devices fdb. <literal>router</literal> means
            the destination address is associated with a router. Note that it's valid if the referenced
            device is a VXLAN type device and has route shortcircuit enabled. Defaults to <literal>self</literal>.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[CAN] Section Options</title>
      <para>The <literal>[CAN]</literal> section manages the Controller Area Network (CAN bus) and accepts the
      following keys.</para>
      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>BitRate=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The bitrate of CAN device in bits per second. The usual SI prefixes (K, M) with the base of 1000 can
            be used here.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>SamplePoint=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Optional sample point in percent with one decimal (e.g. <literal>75%</literal>,
            <literal>87.5%</literal>) or permille (e.g. <literal>875‰</literal>).</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>RestartSec=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Automatic restart delay time. If set to a non-zero value, a restart of the CAN controller will be
            triggered automatically in case of a bus-off condition after the specified delay time. Subsecond delays can
            be specified using decimals (e.g. <literal>0.1s</literal>) or a <literal>ms</literal> or
            <literal>us</literal> postfix. Using <literal>infinity</literal> or <literal>0</literal> will turn the
            automatic restart off. By default automatic restart is disabled.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>TripleSampling=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>Takes a boolean. When <literal>yes</literal>, three samples (instead of one) are used to determine
            the value of a received bit by majority rule. When unset, the kernel's default will be used.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[QDisc] Section Options</title>
    <para>The <literal>[QDisc]</literal> section manages the traffic control queueing discipline (qdisc).</para>

    <variablelist class='network-directives'>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Parent=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of <literal>clsact</literal>
          or <literal>ingress</literal>. This is mandatory.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Handle=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle.
          Takes a number in hexadecimal ranges 1 to ffff. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[NetworkEmulator] Section Options</title>
    <para>The <literal>[NetworkEmulator]</literal> section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of
    the network emulator. It can be used to configure the kernel packet scheduler and simulate packet
    delay and loss for UDP or TCP applications, or limit the bandwidth usage of a particular service to
    simulate internet connections.</para>

    <variablelist class='network-directives'>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Parent=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of <literal>root</literal>,
          <literal>clsact</literal> or <literal>ingress</literal>. Defaults to <literal>root</literal>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Handle=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle.
          Takes a number in hexadecimal ranges 1 to ffff. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>DelaySec=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the fixed amount of delay to be added to all packets going out of the
          interface. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>DelayJitterSec=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the chosen delay to be added to the packets outgoing to the network
          interface. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>PacketLimit=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the maximum number of packets the qdisc may hold queued at a time.
          An unsigned integer ranges 0 to 4294967294. Defaults to 1000.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>LossRate=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies an independent loss probability to be added to the packets outgoing from the
          network interface. Takes a percentage value, suffixed with "%". Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>DuplicateRate=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies that the chosen percent of packets is duplicated before queuing them.
          Takes a percentage value, suffixed with "%". Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[TokenBucketFilter] Section Options</title>
    <para>The <literal>[TokenBucketFilter]</literal> section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of
    token bucket filter (tbf).</para>

    <variablelist class='network-directives'>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Parent=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of <literal>root</literal>,
          <literal>clsact</literal> or <literal>ingress</literal>. Defaults to <literal>root</literal>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Handle=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle.
          Takes a number in hexadecimal ranges 1 to ffff. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>LatencySec=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the latency parameter, which specifies the maximum amount of time a
          packet can sit in the Token Bucket Filter (TBF). Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>LimitSize=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes the number of bytes that can be queued waiting for tokens to become available.
          When the size is suffixed with K, M, or G, it is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes,
          respectively, to the base of 1000. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Burst=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the size of the bucket. This is the maximum amount of bytes that tokens
          can be available for instantaneous transfer. When the size is suffixed with K, M, or G, it is
          parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1000. Defaults to
          unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Rate=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the device specific bandwidth. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified
          bandwidth is parsed as Kilobits, Megabits, or Gigabits, respectively, to the base of 1000.
          Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>MPUBytes=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>The Minimum Packet Unit (MPU) determines the minimal token usage (specified in bytes)
          for a packet. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobytes,
          Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1000. Defaults to zero.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>PeakRate=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes the maximum depletion rate of the bucket. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the
          specified size is parsed as Kilobits, Megabits, or Gigabits, respectively, to the base of
          1000. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>MTUBytes=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the size of the peakrate bucket. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified
          size is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1000.
          Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[StochasticFairnessQueueing] Section Options</title>
    <para>The <literal>[StochasticFairnessQueueing]</literal> section manages the queueing discipline
    (qdisc) of stochastic fairness queueing (sfq).</para>

    <variablelist class='network-directives'>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Parent=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of <literal>root</literal>,
          <literal>clsact</literal> or <literal>ingress</literal>. Defaults to <literal>root</literal>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Handle=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle.
          Takes a number in hexadecimal ranges 1 to ffff. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>PerturbPeriodSec=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the interval in seconds for queue algorithm perturbation. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[ControlledDelay] Section Options</title>
    <para>The <literal>[ControlledDelay]</literal> section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of
    controlled delay (CoDel).</para>

    <variablelist class='network-directives'>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Parent=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of <literal>root</literal>,
          <literal>clsact</literal> or <literal>ingress</literal>. Defaults to <literal>root</literal>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Handle=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle.
          Takes a number in hexadecimal ranges 1 to ffff. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>PacketLimit=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the hard lmit on the queue size in number of packets. When this limit is reached, incoming packets are
          dropped. An unsigned integer ranges 0 to 4294967294. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>TargetSec=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a timespan. Specifies the acceptable minimum standing/persistent queue delay.
          Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>IntervalSec=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a timespan. This is used to ensure that the measured minimum delay does not
          become too stale. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>ECN=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a boolean. This can be used to mark packets instead of dropping them. Defaults to
          unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>CEThresholdSec=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a timespan. This sets a threshold above which all packets are marked with ECN
          Congestion Experienced (CE). Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[FairQueueingControlledDelay] Section Options</title>
    <para>The <literal>[FairQueueingControlledDelay]</literal> section manages the queueing discipline
    (qdisc) of fair queuing controlled delay (FQ-CoDel).</para>

    <variablelist class='network-directives'>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Parent=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of <literal>root</literal>,
          <literal>clsact</literal> or <literal>ingress</literal>. Defaults to <literal>root</literal>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Handle=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle.
          Takes a number in hexadecimal ranges 1 to ffff. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>PacketLimit=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the hard limit on the real queue size. When this limit is reached, incoming packets are
          dropped. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>MemoryLimit=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the limit on the total number of bytes that can be queued in this FQ-CoDel instance.
          When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes,
          respectively, to the base of 1024. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Flows=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the number of flows into which the incoming packets are classified.
          Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>TargetSec=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a timespan. Specifies the acceptable minimum standing/persistent queue delay.
          Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>IntervalSec=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a timespan. This is used to ensure that the measured minimum delay does not
          become too stale. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Quantum=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the number of bytes used as 'deficit' in the fair queuing algorithmtimespan.
          When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes,
          respectively, to the base of 1024. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>ECN=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a boolean. This can be used to mark packets instead of dropping them. Defaults to
          unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>CEThresholdSec=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a timespan. This sets a threshold above which all packets are marked with ECN
          Congestion Experienced (CE). Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[FairQueueing] Section Options</title>
    <para>The <literal>[FairQueueing]</literal> section manages the queueing discipline
    (qdisc) of fair queue traffic policing (FQ).</para>

    <variablelist class='network-directives'>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Parent=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of <literal>root</literal>,
          <literal>clsact</literal> or <literal>ingress</literal>. Defaults to <literal>root</literal>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Handle=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle.
          Takes a number in hexadecimal ranges 1 to ffff. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>PacketLimit=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the hard limit on the real queue size. When this limit is reached, incoming packets are
          dropped. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>FlowLimit=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the hard limit on the maximum number of packets queued per flow. Defaults to
          unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Quantum=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the credit per dequeue RR round, i.e. the amount of bytes a flow is allowed
          to dequeue at once. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as Kilobytes,
          Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024. Defaults to unset and kernel's
          default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>InitialQuantum=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the initial sending rate credit, i.e. the amount of bytes a new flow is
          allowed to dequeue initially. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the specified size is parsed as
          Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes, respectively, to the base of 1024. Defaults to unset and
          kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>MaximumRate=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the maximum sending rate of a flow. When suffixed with K, M, or G, the
          specified size is parsed as Kilobits, Megabits, or Gigabits, respectively, to the base of
          1000. Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Buckets=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the size of the hash table used for flow lookups. Defaults to unset and
          kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>OrphanMask=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes an unsigned integer. For packets not owned by a socket, fq is able to mask a part
          of hash and reduce number of buckets associated with the traffic. Defaults to unset and
          kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Pacing=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a boolean, and enables or disables flow pacing. Defaults to unset and kernel's
          default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>CEThresholdSec=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Takes a timespan. This sets a threshold above which all packets are marked with ECN
          Congestion Experienced (CE). Defaults to unset and kernel's default is used.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[TrivialLinkEqualizer] Section Options</title>
    <para>The <literal>[TrivialLinkEqualizer]</literal> section manages the queueing discipline (qdisc) of
    trivial link equalizer (teql).</para>

    <variablelist class='network-directives'>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Parent=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the parent Queueing Discipline (qdisc). Takes one of <literal>root</literal>,
          <literal>clsact</literal> or <literal>ingress</literal>. Defaults to <literal>root</literal>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Handle=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the major number of unique identifier of the qdisc, known as the handle.
          Takes a number in hexadecimal ranges 1 to ffff. Defaults to unset.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>Id=</varname></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>Specifies the interface ID <literal>N</literal> of teql. Defaults to <literal>0</literal>.
          Note that when teql is used, currently, the module <constant>sch_teql</constant> with
          <constant>max_equalizers=N+1</constant> option must be loaded before
          <command>systemd-networkd</command> is started.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>[BridgeVLAN] Section Options</title>
      <para>The <literal>[BridgeVLAN]</literal> section manages the VLAN ID configuration of a bridge port and accepts
      the following keys. Specify several <literal>[BridgeVLAN]</literal> sections to configure several VLAN entries.
      The <varname>VLANFiltering=</varname> option has to be enabled, see <literal>[Bridge]</literal> section in
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>

      <variablelist class='network-directives'>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>VLAN=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The VLAN ID allowed on the port. This can be either a single ID or a range M-N. VLAN IDs are valid
            from 1 to 4094.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>EgressUntagged=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The VLAN ID specified here will be used to untag frames on egress. Configuring
            <varname>EgressUntagged=</varname> implicates the use of <varname>VLAN=</varname> above and will enable the
            VLAN ID for ingress as well. This can be either a single ID or a range M-N.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
        <varlistentry>
          <term><varname>PVID=</varname></term>
          <listitem>
            <para>The Port VLAN ID specified here is assigned to all untagged frames at ingress.
            <varname>PVID=</varname> can be used only once. Configuring <varname>PVID=</varname> implicates the use of
            <varname>VLAN=</varname> above and will enable the VLAN ID for ingress as well.</para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Examples</title>
    <example>
      <title>Static network configuration</title>

      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/50-static.network
[Match]
Name=enp2s0

[Network]
Address=192.168.0.15/24
Gateway=192.168.0.1</programlisting>

      <para>This brings interface <literal>enp2s0</literal> up with a static address. The
      specified gateway will be used for a default route.</para>
    </example>

    <example>
      <title>DHCP on ethernet links</title>

      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/80-dhcp.network
[Match]
Name=en*

[Network]
DHCP=yes</programlisting>

      <para>This will enable DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 on all interfaces with names starting with
      <literal>en</literal> (i.e. ethernet interfaces).</para>
    </example>

    <example>
      <title>IPv6 Prefix Delegation</title>

      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/55-ipv6-pd-upstream.network
[Match]
Name=enp1s0

[Network]
DHCP=ipv6</programlisting>

      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/56-ipv6-pd-downstream.network
[Match]
Name=enp2s0

[Network]
IPv6PrefixDelegation=dhcpv6</programlisting>

      <para>This will enable IPv6 PD on the interface enp1s0 as an upstream interface where the
      DHCPv6 client is running and enp2s0 as a downstream interface where the prefix is delegated to.</para>
    </example>

    <example>
      <title>A bridge with two enslaved links</title>

      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-static.network
[Match]
Name=bridge0

[Network]
Address=192.168.0.15/24
Gateway=192.168.0.1
DNS=192.168.0.1</programlisting>

      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-slave-interface-1.network
[Match]
Name=enp2s0

[Network]
Bridge=bridge0</programlisting>

      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/25-bridge-slave-interface-2.network
[Match]
Name=wlp3s0

[Network]
Bridge=bridge0</programlisting>

      <para>This creates a bridge and attaches devices <literal>enp2s0</literal> and
      <literal>wlp3s0</literal> to it. The bridge will have the specified static address
      and network assigned, and a default route via the specified gateway will be
      added. The specified DNS server will be added to the global list of DNS resolvers.
      </para>
    </example>

    <example>
      <title></title>

      <programlisting>
# /etc/systemd/network/20-bridge-slave-interface-vlan.network
[Match]
Name=enp2s0

[Network]
Bridge=bridge0

[BridgeVLAN]
VLAN=1-32
PVID=42
EgressUntagged=42

[BridgeVLAN]
VLAN=100-200

[BridgeVLAN]
EgressUntagged=300-400</programlisting>

    <para>This overrides the configuration specified in the previous example for the
    interface <literal>enp2s0</literal>, and enables VLAN on that bridge port. VLAN IDs
    1-32, 42, 100-400 will be allowed. Packets tagged with VLAN IDs 42, 300-400 will be
    untagged when they leave on this interface. Untagged packets which arrive on this
    interface will be assigned VLAN ID 42.</para>
    </example>

    <example>
      <title>Various tunnels</title>

      <programlisting>/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnels.network
[Match]
Name=ens1

[Network]
Tunnel=ipip-tun
Tunnel=sit-tun
Tunnel=gre-tun
Tunnel=vti-tun
      </programlisting>

      <programlisting>/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-ipip.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=ipip-tun
Kind=ipip
      </programlisting>

      <programlisting>/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-sit.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=sit-tun
Kind=sit
      </programlisting>

      <programlisting>/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-gre.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=gre-tun
Kind=gre
      </programlisting>

      <programlisting>/etc/systemd/network/25-tunnel-vti.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=vti-tun
Kind=vti
      </programlisting>

      <para>This will bring interface <literal>ens1</literal> up and create an IPIP tunnel,
      a SIT tunnel, a GRE tunnel, and a VTI tunnel using it.</para>
    </example>

    <example>
      <title>A bond device</title>

      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1.network
[Match]
Name=bond1

[Network]
DHCP=ipv6
</programlisting>

      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=bond1
Kind=bond
</programlisting>

      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1-dev1.network
[Match]
MACAddress=52:54:00:e9:64:41

[Network]
Bond=bond1
</programlisting>

      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/30-bond1-dev2.network
[Match]
MACAddress=52:54:00:e9:64:42

[Network]
Bond=bond1
</programlisting>

    <para>This will create a bond device <literal>bond1</literal> and enslave the two
    devices with MAC addresses 52:54:00:e9:64:41 and 52:54:00:e9:64:42 to it. IPv6 DHCP
    will be used to acquire an address.</para>
    </example>

    <example>
      <title>Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)</title>
      <para>Add the <literal>bond1</literal> interface to the VRF master interface
      <literal>vrf1</literal>. This will redirect routes generated on this interface to be
      within the routing table defined during VRF creation. For kernels before 4.8 traffic
      won't be redirected towards the VRFs routing table unless specific ip-rules are added.
      </para>
      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/25-vrf.network
[Match]
Name=bond1

[Network]
VRF=vrf1
</programlisting>
    </example>

    <example>
      <title>MacVTap</title>
      <para>This brings up a network interface <literal>macvtap-test</literal>
      and attaches it to <literal>enp0s25</literal>.</para>
      <programlisting># /usr/lib/systemd/network/25-macvtap.network
[Match]
Name=enp0s25

[Network]
MACVTAP=macvtap-test
</programlisting>
    </example>

    <example>
      <title>A Xfrm interface with physical underlying device.</title>

      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/27-xfrm.netdev
[NetDev]
Name=xfrm0

[Xfrm]
InterfaceId=7</programlisting>

      <programlisting># /etc/systemd/network/27-eth0.network
[Match]
Name=eth0

[Network]
Xfrm=xfrm0</programlisting>

      <para>This creates a <literal>xfrm0</literal> interface and binds it to the <literal>eth0</literal> device.
      This allows hardware based ipsec offloading to the <literal>eth0</literal> nic.
      If offloading is not needed, xfrm interfaces can be assigned to the <literal>lo</literal> device.
      </para>
    </example>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>See Also</title>
    <para>
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.link</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-resolved.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

</refentry>