man/systemd.special.xml.in

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  23
  24 <refentry id="systemd.special">
  25
  26         <refentryinfo>
  27                 <title>systemd.special</title>
  28                 <productname>systemd</productname>
  29
  30                 <authorgroup>
  31                         <author>
  32                                 <contrib>Developer</contrib>
  33                                 <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
  34                                 <surname>Poettering</surname>
  35                                 <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
  36                         </author>
  37                 </authorgroup>
  38         </refentryinfo>
  39
  40         <refmeta>
  41                 <refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle>
  42                 <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
  43         </refmeta>
  44
  45         <refnamediv>
  46                 <refname>systemd.special</refname>
  47                 <refpurpose>special systemd units</refpurpose>
  48         </refnamediv>
  49
  50         <refsynopsisdiv>
  51                 <para><filename>basic.target</filename>,
  52                 <filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename>,
  53                 <filename>dbus.service</filename>,
  54                 <filename>default.target</filename>,
  55                 <filename>display-manager.service</filename>,
  56                 <filename>emergency.target</filename>,
  57                 <filename>exit.service</filename>,
  58                 <filename>graphical.target</filename>,
  59                 <filename>halt.target</filename>,
  60                 <filename>kbrequest.target</filename>,
  61                 <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
  62                 <filename>mail-transfer-agent.target</filename>,
  63                 <filename>multi-user.target</filename>,
  64                 <filename>network.target</filename>,
  65                 <filename>nss-lookup.target</filename>,
  66                 <filename>poweroff.target</filename>,
  67                 <filename>reboot.target</filename>,
  68                 <filename>remote-fs.target</filename>,
  69                 <filename>rescue.target</filename>,
  70                 <filename>rpcbind.target</filename>,
  71                 <filename>time-sync.target</filename>,
  72                 <filename>runlevel2.target</filename>,
  73                 <filename>runlevel3.target</filename>,
  74                 <filename>runlevel4.target</filename>,
  75                 <filename>runlevel5.target</filename>,
  76                 <filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
  77                 <filename>sigpwr.target</filename>,
  78                 <filename>sockets.target</filename>,
  79                 <filename>swap.target</filename>,
  80                 <filename>sysinit.target</filename>,
  81                 <filename>syslog.target</filename>,
  82                 <filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename>,
  83                 <filename>systemd-initctl.socket</filename>,
  84                 <filename>systemd-logger.service</filename>,
  85                 <filename>systemd-logger.socket</filename>,
  86                 <filename>umount.target</filename></para>
  87         </refsynopsisdiv>
  88
  89         <refsect1>
  90                 <title>Description</title>
  91
  92                 <para>A few units are treated specially by
  93                 systemd. They have special internal semantics and
  94                 cannot be renamed.</para>
  95         </refsect1>
  96
  97         <refsect1>
  98                 <title>Special System Units</title>
  99
 100                 <variablelist>
 101                         <varlistentry>
 102                                 <term><filename>basic.target</filename></term>
 103                                 <listitem>
 104                                         <para>A special target unit
 105                                         covering early boot-up.</para>
 106                                         <para>systemd automatically
 107                                         adds dependencies of the types
 108                                         Requires and After for this
 109                                         target unit to all SysV
 110                                         service units configured for
 111                                         runlevel 1 to 5.</para>
 112                                         <para>Usually this should pull-in
 113                                         all sockets, mount points,
 114                                         swap devices and other basic
 115                                         initialization necessary for
 116                                         the general purpose
 117                                         daemons. Most normal daemons
 118                                         should have dependencies of
 119                                         type After and Requires on
 120                                         this unit.</para>
 121                                 </listitem>
 122                         </varlistentry>
 123                         <varlistentry>
 124                                 <term><filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename></term>
 125                                 <listitem>
 126                                         <para>systemd starts this
 127                                         target whenever
 128                                         Control+Alt+Del is pressed on
 129                                         the console. Usually this
 130                                         should be aliased (symlinked)
 131                                         to
 132                                         <filename>reboot.target</filename>.</para>
 133                                 </listitem>
 134                         </varlistentry>
 135                         <varlistentry>
 136                                 <term><filename>dbus.service</filename></term>
 137                                 <listitem>
 138                                         <para>A special unit for the
 139                                         D-Bus system bus. As soon as
 140                                         this service is fully started
 141                                         up systemd will connect to it
 142                                         and register its
 143                                         service.</para>
 144                                 </listitem>
 145                         </varlistentry>
 146                         <varlistentry>
 147                                 <term><filename>default.target</filename></term>
 148                                 <listitem>
 149                                         <para>The default unit systemd
 150                                         starts at bootup. Usually this
 151                                         should be aliased (symlinked)
 152                                         to
 153                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
 154                                         or
 155                                         <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
 156                                         <para>The default unit systemd
 157                                         starts at bootup can be
 158                                         overridden with the
 159                                         <varname>systemd.unit=</varname>
 160                                         kernel command line option.</para>
 161                                 </listitem>
 162                         </varlistentry>
 163                         <varlistentry>
 164                                 <term><filename>display-manager.service</filename></term>
 165                                 <listitem>
 166                                         <para>The display manager
 167                                         service. Usually this should
 168                                         be aliased (symlinked) to
 169                                         <filename>xdm.service</filename>
 170                                         or a similar display manager
 171                                         service.</para>
 172                                         <para>systemd automatically
 173                                         adds dependencies of type
 174                                         After for this target unit to
 175                                         all SysV init script service
 176                                         units with a LSB header
 177                                         referring to the
 178                                         <literal>$x-display-manager</literal>
 179                                         facility, for compatibility
 180                                         with Debian.</para>
 181                                 </listitem>
 182                         </varlistentry>
 183                         <varlistentry>
 184                                 <term><filename>emergency.target</filename></term>
 185                                 <listitem>
 186                                         <para>A special target unit
 187                                         that starts an emergency
 188                                         shell on the main
 189                                         console. This unit is supposed
 190                                         to be used with the kernel
 191                                         command line option
 192                                         <varname>systemd.unit=</varname>
 193                                         and has otherwise little use.
 194                                         </para>
 195                                 </listitem>
 196                         </varlistentry>
 197                         <varlistentry>
 198                                 <term><filename>graphical.target</filename></term>
 199                                 <listitem>
 200                                         <para>A special target unit
 201                                         for setting up a graphical
 202                                         login screen. This pulls in
 203                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
 204
 205                                         <para>Units that are needed
 206                                         for graphical login shall add
 207                                         Wants dependencies for their
 208                                         unit to this unit (or
 209                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>)
 210                                         during installation.</para>
 211                                 </listitem>
 212                         </varlistentry>
 213                         <varlistentry>
 214                                 <term><filename>halt.target</filename></term>
 215                                 <listitem>
 216                                         <para>A special target unit
 217                                         for shutting down and halting the system.</para>
 218
 219                                         <para>Applications wanting to
 220                                         halt the system should start
 221                                         this unit.</para>
 222                                 </listitem>
 223                         </varlistentry>
 224                         <varlistentry>
 225                                 <term><filename>kbrequest.target</filename></term>
 226                                 <listitem>
 227                                         <para>systemd starts this
 228                                         target whenever Alt+ArrowUp is
 229                                         pressed on the console. This
 230                                         is a good candidate to be
 231                                         aliased (symlinked) to
 232                                         <filename>rescue.target</filename>.</para>
 233                                 </listitem>
 234                         </varlistentry>
 235                         <varlistentry>
 236                                 <term><filename>local-fs.target</filename></term>
 237                                 <listitem>
 238                                         <para>systemd automatically
 239                                         adds dependencies of type
 240                                         After to all mount units that
 241                                         refer to local mount points
 242                                         for this target unit. In
 243                                         addition, systemd adds
 244                                         dependencies of type Wants to
 245                                         this target unit for those
 246                                         mounts listed in
 247                                         <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
 248                                         that have the
 249                                         <option>auto</option> and
 250                                         <option>comment=systemd.mount</option>
 251                                         mount options set.</para>
 252
 253                                         <para>systemd automatically
 254                                         adds dependencies of type
 255                                         After for this target unit to
 256                                         all SysV init script service
 257                                         units with an LSB header
 258                                         referring to the
 259                                         <literal>$local_fs</literal>
 260                                         facility.</para>
 261                                 </listitem>
 262                         </varlistentry>
 263                         <varlistentry>
 264                                 <term><filename>mail-transfer-agent.target</filename></term>
 265                                 <listitem>
 266                                         <para>The mail transfer agent
 267                                         (MTA) service. Usually this
 268                                         should pull-in all units
 269                                         necessary for
 270                                         sending/receiving mails on the
 271                                         local host.</para>
 272
 273                                         <para>systemd automatically
 274                                         adds dependencies of type
 275                                         After for this target unit to
 276                                         all SysV init script service
 277                                         units with an LSB header
 278                                         referring to the
 279                                         <literal>$mail-transfer-agent</literal>
 280                                         or
 281                                         <literal>$mail-transport-agent</literal>
 282                                         facilities, for compatibility
 283                                         with Debian.</para>
 284                                 </listitem>
 285                         </varlistentry>
 286                         <varlistentry>
 287                                 <term><filename>multi-user.target</filename></term>
 288                                 <listitem>
 289                                         <para>A special target unit
 290                                         for setting up a multi-user
 291                                         system (non-graphical). This
 292                                         is pulled in by
 293                                         <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
 294
 295                                         <para>Units that are needed
 296                                         for a multi-user system shall
 297                                         add Wants dependencies to
 298                                         this unit for their unit during
 299                                         installation.</para>
 300                                 </listitem>
 301                         </varlistentry>
 302                         <varlistentry>
 303                                 <term><filename>network.target</filename></term>
 304                                 <listitem>
 305                                         <para>systemd automatically
 306                                         adds dependencies of type
 307                                         After for this target unit to
 308                                         all SysV init script service
 309                                         units with an LSB header
 310                                         referring to the
 311                                         <literal>$network</literal>
 312                                         facility.</para>
 313                                 </listitem>
 314                         </varlistentry>
 315                         <varlistentry>
 316                                 <term><filename>nss-lookup.target</filename></term>
 317                                 <listitem>
 318                                         <para>systemd automatically
 319                                         adds dependencies of type
 320                                         After for this target unit to
 321                                         all SysV init script service
 322                                         units with an LSB header
 323                                         referring to the
 324                                         <literal>$named</literal>
 325                                         facility.</para>
 326                                 </listitem>
 327                         </varlistentry>
 328                         <varlistentry>
 329                                 <term><filename>poweroff.target</filename></term>
 330                                 <listitem>
 331                                         <para>A special target unit
 332                                         for shutting down and powering off the system.</para>
 333
 334                                         <para>Applications wanting to
 335                                         power off the system should start
 336                                         this unit.</para>
 337
 338                                         <para><filename>runlevel0.target</filename>
 339                                         is an alias for this target
 340                                         unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
 341                                 </listitem>
 342                         </varlistentry>
 343                         <varlistentry>
 344                                 <term><filename>reboot.target</filename></term>
 345                                 <listitem>
 346                                         <para>A special target unit
 347                                         for shutting down and rebooting the system.</para>
 348
 349                                         <para>Applications wanting to
 350                                         reboot the system should start
 351                                         this unit.</para>
 352
 353                                         <para><filename>runlevel6.target</filename>
 354                                         is an alias for this target
 355                                         unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
 356                                 </listitem>
 357                         </varlistentry>
 358                         <varlistentry>
 359                                 <term><filename>remote-fs.target</filename></term>
 360                                 <listitem>
 361                                         <para>Similar to
 362                                         <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
 363                                         but for remote mount
 364                                         points.</para>
 365
 366                                         <para>systemd automatically
 367                                         adds dependencies of type
 368                                         After for this target unit to
 369                                         all SysV init script service
 370                                         units with an LSB header
 371                                         referring to the
 372                                         <literal>$remote_fs</literal>
 373                                         facility.</para>
 374                                 </listitem>
 375                         </varlistentry>
 376                         <varlistentry>
 377                                 <term><filename>rescue.target</filename></term>
 378                                 <listitem>
 379                                         <para>A special target unit
 380                                         for setting up the base system
 381                                         and a rescue shell.</para>
 382
 383                                         <para><filename>runlevel1.target</filename>
 384                                         is an alias for this target
 385                                         unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
 386                                 </listitem>
 387                         </varlistentry>
 388                         <varlistentry>
 389                                 <term><filename>rpcbind.target</filename></term>
 390                                 <listitem>
 391                                         <para>systemd automatically
 392                                         adds dependencies of type
 393                                         After for this target unit to
 394                                         all SysV init script service
 395                                         units with an LSB header
 396                                         referring to the
 397                                         <literal>$rpcbind</literal>
 398                                         facility.</para>
 399                                 </listitem>
 400                         </varlistentry>
 401                         <varlistentry>
 402                                 <term><filename>time-sync.target</filename></term>
 403                                 <listitem>
 404                                         <para>systemd automatically
 405                                         adds dependencies of type
 406                                         After for this target unit to
 407                                         all SysV init script service
 408                                         units with an LSB header
 409                                         referring to the
 410                                         <literal>$time</literal>
 411                                         facility.</para>
 412                                 </listitem>
 413                         </varlistentry>
 414                         <varlistentry>
 415                                 <term><filename>runlevel2.target</filename></term>
 416                                 <listitem>
 417                                         <para>This is a target that is
 418                                         called whenever the SysV
 419                                         compatibility code asks for
 420                                         runlevel 2. It is a good idea
 421                                         to make this an alias for
 422                                         (i.e. symlink to)
 423                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
 424                                 </listitem>
 425                         </varlistentry>
 426                         <varlistentry>
 427                                 <term><filename>runlevel3.target</filename></term>
 428                                 <listitem>
 429                                         <para>This is a target that is
 430                                         called whenever the SysV
 431                                         compatibility code asks for
 432                                         runlevel 3. It is a good idea
 433                                         to make this an alias for
 434                                         (i.e. symlink to)
 435                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
 436                                         or
 437                                         <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
 438                                 </listitem>
 439                         </varlistentry>
 440                         <varlistentry>
 441                                 <term><filename>runlevel4.target</filename></term>
 442                                 <listitem>
 443                                         <para>This is a target that is
 444                                         called whenever the SysV
 445                                         compatibility code asks for
 446                                         runlevel 4. It is a good idea
 447                                         to make this an alias for
 448                                         (i.e. symlink to)
 449                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
 450                                         or
 451                                         <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
 452                                 </listitem>
 453                         </varlistentry>
 454                         <varlistentry>
 455                                 <term><filename>runlevel5.target</filename></term>
 456                                 <listitem>
 457                                         <para>This is a target that is
 458                                         called whenever the SysV
 459                                         compatibility code asks for
 460                                         runlevel 5. It is a good idea
 461                                         to make this an alias for
 462                                         (i.e. symlink to)
 463                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
 464                                         or
 465                                         <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
 466                                 </listitem>
 467                         </varlistentry>
 468                         <varlistentry>
 469                                 <term><filename>shutdown.target</filename></term>
 470                                 <listitem>
 471                                         <para>A special target unit
 472                                         that terminates the services
 473                                         on system shutdown.</para>
 474
 475                                         <para>Services that shall be
 476                                         terminated on system shutdown
 477                                         shall add Conflicts
 478                                         dependencies to this unit for
 479                                         their service unit, which is
 480                                         implicitly done when
 481                                         <varname>DefaultDependencies=yes</varname>
 482                                         is set (the default).</para>
 483
 484                                         <para>systemd automatically
 485                                         adds dependencies of type
 486                                         Conflicts to this target unit
 487                                         for all SysV init script
 488                                         service units that shall be
 489                                         terminated in SysV runlevels 0
 490                                         or 6.</para>
 491                                 </listitem>
 492                         </varlistentry>
 493                         <varlistentry>
 494                                 <term><filename>sigpwr.target</filename></term>
 495                                 <listitem>
 496                                         <para>A special target that is
 497                                         started when systemd receives
 498                                         the SIGPWR process signal,
 499                                         which is normally sent by the
 500                                         kernel or UPS daemons when
 501                                         power fails.</para>
 502                                 </listitem>
 503                         </varlistentry>
 504                         <varlistentry>
 505                                 <term><filename>sockets.target</filename></term>
 506                                 <listitem>
 507                                         <para>A special target unit
 508                                         that sets up all service
 509                                         sockets.</para>
 510
 511                                         <para>Services that can be
 512                                         socket-activated shall add
 513                                         Wants dependencies to this
 514                                         unit for their socket unit
 515                                         during installation.</para>
 516                                 </listitem>
 517                         </varlistentry>
 518                         <varlistentry>
 519                                 <term><filename>swap.target</filename></term>
 520                                 <listitem>
 521                                         <para>Similar to
 522                                         <filename>local-fs.target</filename>, but for swap
 523                                         partitions and swap
 524                                         files.</para>
 525                                 </listitem>
 526                         </varlistentry>
 527                         <varlistentry>
 528                                 <term><filename>sysinit.target</filename></term>
 529                                 <listitem>
 530                                         <para>A special target unit
 531                                         covering early boot-up scripts.</para>
 532                                         <para>systemd automatically
 533                                         adds dependencies of the types
 534                                         Wants and After for all
 535                                         SysV service units configured
 536                                         for runlevels that are not 0
 537                                         to 6 to this target unit.
 538                                         This covers the special
 539                                         boot-up runlevels some
 540                                         distributions have, such as S
 541                                         or b.</para>
 542                                 </listitem>
 543                         </varlistentry>
 544                         <varlistentry>
 545                                 <term><filename>syslog.target</filename></term>
 546                                 <listitem>
 547                                         <para>systemd automatically
 548                                         adds dependencies of type
 549                                         After for this target unit to
 550                                         all SysV init script service
 551                                         units with an LSB header
 552                                         referring to the
 553                                         <literal>$syslog</literal>
 554                                         facility.</para>
 555                                 </listitem>
 556                         </varlistentry>
 557                         <varlistentry>
 558                                 <term><filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename></term>
 559                                 <listitem>
 560                                         <para>This provides
 561                                         compatibility with the SysV
 562                                         /dev/initctl file system FIFO
 563                                         for communication with the
 564                                         init system.</para>
 565                                         <para>This is a
 566                                         socket-activated service, see
 567                                         <filename>system-initctl.socket</filename>.</para>
 568                                 </listitem>
 569                         </varlistentry>
 570                         <varlistentry>
 571                                 <term><filename>systemd-initctl.socket</filename></term>
 572                                 <listitem>
 573                                         <para>Socket activation unit
 574                                         for
 575                                         <filename>system-initctl.service</filename>.</para>
 576                                 </listitem>
 577                         </varlistentry>
 578                         <varlistentry>
 579                                 <term><filename>systemd-logger.service</filename></term>
 580                                 <listitem>
 581                                         <para>This is internally used
 582                                         by systemd to provide syslog
 583                                         logging to the processes it
 584                                         maintains.</para>
 585                                         <para>This is a
 586                                         socket-activated service, see
 587                                         <filename>system-logger.socket</filename>.</para>
 588                                 </listitem>
 589                         </varlistentry>
 590                         <varlistentry>
 591                                 <term><filename>systemd-logger.socket</filename></term>
 592                                 <listitem>
 593                                         <para>Socket activation unit
 594                                         for
 595                                         <filename>system-logger.service</filename>. systemd
 596                                         will automatically add
 597                                         dependencies of types Requires
 598                                         and After to all units that
 599                                         have been configured for
 600                                         stdout or stderr to be
 601                                         connected to syslog or the
 602                                         kernel log buffer.</para>
 603                                 </listitem>
 604                         </varlistentry>
 605                          <varlistentry>
 606                                 <term><filename>systemd-shutdownd.service</filename></term>
 607                                 <listitem>
 608                                         <para>This is internally used
 609                                         by
 610                                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shutdown</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 611                                         to implement delayed shutdowns.</para>
 612                                         <para>This is a
 613                                         socket-activated service, see
 614                                         <filename>system-shutdownd.socket</filename>.</para>
 615                                 </listitem>
 616                         </varlistentry>
 617                         <varlistentry>
 618                                 <term><filename>systemd-shutdownd.socket</filename></term>
 619                                 <listitem>
 620                                         <para>Socket activation unit
 621                                         for
 622                                         <filename>system-shutdownd.service</filename>.</para>
 623                                 </listitem>
 624                         </varlistentry>
 625                         <varlistentry>
 626                                 <term><filename>umount.target</filename></term>
 627                                 <listitem>
 628                                         <para>A special target unit
 629                                         that umounts all mount and
 630                                         automount points on system
 631                                         shutdown.</para>
 632
 633                                         <para>Mounts that shall be
 634                                         unmounted on system shutdown
 635                                         shall add Conflicts
 636                                         dependencies to this unit for
 637                                         their mount unit, which is
 638                                         implicitly done when
 639                                         <varname>DefaultDependencies=yes</varname>
 640                                         is set (the default).</para>
 641                                 </listitem>
 642                         </varlistentry>
 643                 </variablelist>
 644         </refsect1>
 645
 646         <refsect1>
 647                 <title>Special User Units</title>
 648
 649                 <para>When systemd runs as a user instance, the
 650                 following special units are available, which have
 651                 similar definitions as their system counterparts:
 652                 <filename>default.target</filename>,
 653                 <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
 654                 <filename>remote-fs.target</filename>,
 655                 <filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
 656                 <filename>sockets.target</filename>,
 657                 <filename>swap.target</filename>.</para>
 658
 659                 <para>In addition the following special unit is
 660                 understood only when systemd runs as service instance:</para>
 661
 662                 <variablelist>
 663                         <varlistentry>
 664                                 <term><filename>exit.service</filename></term>
 665                                 <listitem>
 666                                         <para>A special service unit
 667                                         for shutting down the
 668                                         user service manager.</para>
 669
 670                                         <para>Applications wanting to
 671                                         terminate the user service
 672                                         manager should start this
 673                                         unit. If systemd receives
 674                                         SIGTERM or SIGINT when running
 675                                         as user service daemon it will
 676                                         start this unit.</para>
 677
 678                                         <para>Normally, this pulls in
 679                                         <filename>shutdown.target</filename>
 680                                         which in turn should be
 681                                         conflicted by all units that
 682                                         want to be shut down on
 683                                         user service manager exit.</para>
 684                                 </listitem>
 685                         </varlistentry>
 686                 </variablelist>
 687         </refsect1>
 688
 689         <refsect1>
 690                   <title>See Also</title>
 691                   <para>
 692                           <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 693                           <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 694                           <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 695                           <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 696                   </para>
 697         </refsect1>
 698
 699 </refentry>