2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC
"-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
4 <!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
6 <refentry id=
"sysupdate.d" conditional='ENABLE_SYSUPDATE'
7 xmlns:
xi=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
10 <title>sysupdate.d
</title>
11 <productname>systemd
</productname>
15 <refentrytitle>sysupdate.d
</refentrytitle>
16 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
20 <refname>sysupdate.d
</refname>
21 <refpurpose>Transfer Definition Files for Automatic Updates
</refpurpose>
25 <para><literallayout><filename>/etc/sysupdate.d/*.conf
</filename>
26 <filename>/run/sysupdate.d/*.conf
</filename>
27 <filename>/usr/lib/sysupdate.d/*.conf
</filename>
28 </literallayout></para>
32 <title>Description
</title>
34 <para><filename>sysupdate.d/*.conf
</filename> files describe how specific resources on the local system
35 shall be updated from a remote source. Each such file defines one such transfer: typically a remote
36 HTTP/HTTPS resource as source; and a local file, directory or partition as target. This may be used as a
37 simple, automatic, atomic update mechanism for the OS itself, for containers, portable services or system
38 extension images — but in fact may be used to update any kind of file from a remote source.
</para>
41 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysupdate
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
42 command reads these files and uses them to determine which local resources should be updated, and then
43 executes the update.
</para>
45 <para>Both the remote HTTP/HTTPS source and the local target typically exist in multiple, concurrent
46 versions, in order to implement flexible update schemes, e.g. A/B updating (or a superset thereof,
47 e.g. A/B/C, A/B/C/D, …).
</para>
49 <para>Each
<filename>*.conf
</filename> file defines one transfer, i.e. describes one resource to
50 update. Typically, multiple of these files (i.e. multiple of such transfers) are defined together, and
51 are bound together by a common version identifier in order to update multiple resources at once on each
52 update operation, for example to update a kernel, a root file system and a Verity partition in a single,
53 combined, synchronized operation, so that only a combined update of all three together constitutes a
54 complete update.
</para>
56 <para>Each
<filename>*.conf
</filename> file contains three sections: [Transfer], [Source] and [Target].
</para>
60 <title>Basic Mode of Operation
</title>
62 <para>Disk-image based OS updates typically consist of multiple different resources that need to be
63 updated together, for example a secure OS update might consist of a root file system image to drop into a
64 partition, a matching Verity integrity data partition image, and a kernel image prepared to boot into the
65 combination of the two partitions. The first two resources are files that are downloaded and placed in a
66 disk partition, the latter is a file that is downloaded and placed in a regular file in the boot file
67 system (e.g. EFI system partition). Hence, during an update of a hypothetical operating system
"foobarOS"
68 to a hypothetical version
47 the following operations should take place:
</para>
71 <listitem><para>A file
<literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_47.root.xz
</literal> should be
72 downloaded, decompressed and written to a previously unused partition with GPT partition type UUID
73 4f68bce3-e8cd-
4db1-
96e7-fbcaf984b709 for x86-
64, as per
<ulink
74 url=
"https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS">Discoverable Partitions
75 Specification
</ulink>.
</para></listitem>
77 <listitem><para>Similarly, a file
<literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_47.verity.xz
</literal>
78 should be downloaded, decompressed and written to a previously empty partition with GPT partition type
79 UUID of
2c7357ed-ebd2-
46d9-aec1-
23d437ec2bf5 (i.e. the partition type for Verity integrity information
80 for x86-
64 root file systems).
</para></listitem>
82 <listitem><para>Finally, a file
<literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_47.efi.xz
</literal> (a
83 unified kernel, as per
<ulink url=
"https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_SPECIFICATION">Boot Loader
84 Specification
</ulink> Type #
2) should be downloaded, decompressed and written to the ESP file system,
85 i.e. to
<filename>EFI/Linux/foobarOS_47.efi
</filename> in the ESP.
</para></listitem>
88 <para>The version-independent generalization of this would be (using the special marker
89 <literal>@v
</literal> as wildcard for the version identifier):
</para>
92 <listitem><para>A transfer of a file
<literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_@v.root.xz
</literal>
93 → a local, previously empty GPT partition of type
4f68bce3-e8cd-
4db1-
96e7-fbcaf984b709, with the label to
94 be set to
<literal>foobarOS_@v
</literal>.
</para></listitem>
96 <listitem><para>A transfer of a file
<literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_@v.verity.xz
</literal>
97 → a local, previously empty GPT partition of type
2c7357ed-ebd2-
46d9-aec1-
23d437ec2bf5, with the label to be
98 set to
<literal>foobarOS_@v_verity
</literal>.
</para></listitem>
100 <listitem><para>A transfer of a file
<literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_@v.efi.xz
</literal>
101 → a local file
<filename>/efi/EFI/Linux/foobarOS_@v.efi
</filename>.
</para></listitem>
104 <para>An update can only complete if the relevant URLs provide their resources for the same version,
105 i.e. for the same value of
<literal>@v
</literal>.
</para>
107 <para>The above may be translated into three
<filename>*.conf
</filename> files in
108 <filename>sysupdate.d/
</filename>, one for each resource to transfer. The
<filename>*.conf
</filename>
109 files configure the type of download, and what place to write the download to (i.e. whether to a
110 partition or a file in the file system). Most importantly these files contain the URL, partition name and
111 filename patterns shown above that describe how these resources are called on the source and how they
112 shall be called on the target.
</para>
114 <para>In order to enumerate available versions and figuring out candidates to update to, a mechanism is
115 necessary to list suitable files:
</para>
118 <listitem><para>For partitions: the surrounding GPT partition table contains a list of defined
119 partitions, including a partition type UUID and a partition label (in this scheme the partition label
120 plays a role for the partition similar to the filename for a regular file).
</para></listitem>
122 <listitem><para>For regular files: the directory listing of the directory the files are contained in
123 provides a list of existing files in a straightforward way.
</para></listitem>
125 <listitem><para>For HTTP/HTTPS sources a simple scheme is used: a manifest file
126 <filename>SHA256SUMS
</filename>, following the format defined by
<citerefentry
127 project='man-pages'
><refentrytitle>sha256sum
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
128 lists file names and their SHA256 hashes.
</para></listitem>
131 <para>Transfers are done in the alphabetical order of the
<filename>.conf
</filename> file names they are
132 defined in. First, the resource data is downloaded directly into a target file/directory/partition. Once
133 this is completed for all defined transfers, in a second step the files/directories/partitions are
134 renamed to their final names as defined by the target
<varname>MatchPattern=
</varname>, again in the
135 order the
<filename>.conf
</filename> transfer file names dictate. This step is not atomic, however it is
136 guaranteed to be executed strictly in order with suitable disk synchronization in place. Typically, when
137 updating an OS one of the transfers defines the entry point when booting. Thus it is generally a good idea
138 to order the resources via the transfer configuration file names so that the entry point is written
139 last, ensuring that any abnormal termination does not leave an entry point around whose backing is not
140 established yet. In the example above it would hence make sense to establish the EFI kernel image last
141 and thus give its transfer configuration file the alphabetically last name.
</para>
143 <para>See below for an extended, more specific example based on the above.
</para>
147 <title>Resource Types
</title>
149 <para>Each transfer file defines one source resource to transfer to one target resource. The following
150 resource types are supported:
</para>
154 <listitem><para>Resources of type
<literal>url-file
</literal> encapsulate a file on a web server,
155 referenced via a HTTP or HTTPS URL. When an update takes place, the file is downloaded and decompressed
156 and then written to the target file or partition. This resource type is only available for sources, not
157 for targets. The list of available versions of resources of this type is encoded in
158 <filename>SHA256SUMS
</filename> manifest files, accompanied by
159 <filename>SHA256SUMS.gpg
</filename> detached signatures.
</para></listitem>
161 <listitem><para>The
<literal>url-tar
</literal> resource type is similar, but the file must be a
162 <filename>.tar
</filename> archive. When an update takes place, the file is decompressed and unpacked
163 into a directory or btrfs subvolume. This resource type is only available for sources, not for
164 targets. Just like
<literal>url-file
</literal>,
<literal>url-tar
</literal> version enumeration makes
165 use of
<filename>SHA256SUMS
</filename> files, authenticated via
166 <filename>SHA256SUMS.gpg
</filename>.
</para></listitem>
168 <listitem><para>The
<literal>regular-file
</literal> resource type encapsulates a local regular file on
169 disk. During updates the file is uncompressed and written to the target file or partition. This
170 resource type is available both as source and as target. When updating no integrity or authentication
171 verification is done for resources of this type.
</para></listitem>
173 <listitem><para>The
<literal>partition
</literal> resource type is similar to
174 <literal>regular-file
</literal>, and encapsulates a GPT partition on disk. When updating, the partition
175 must exist already, and have the correct GPT partition type. A partition whose GPT partition label is
176 set to
<literal>_empty
</literal> is considered empty, and a candidate to place a newly downloaded
177 resource in. The GPT partition label is used to store version information, once a partition is
178 updated. This resource type is only available for target resources.
</para></listitem>
180 <listitem><para>The
<literal>tar
</literal> resource type encapsulates local
<filename>.tar
</filename>
181 archive files. When an update takes place, the files are uncompressed and unpacked into a target
182 directory or btrfs subvolume. Behaviour of
<literal>tar
</literal> and
<literal>url-tar
</literal> is
183 generally similar, but the latter downloads from remote sources, and does integrity and authentication
184 checks while the former does not. The
<literal>tar
</literal> resource type is only available for source
185 resources.
</para></listitem>
187 <listitem><para>The
<literal>directory
</literal> resource type encapsulates local directory trees. This
188 type is available both for source and target resources. If an update takes place on a source resource
189 of this type, a recursive copy of the directory is done.
</para></listitem>
191 <listitem><para>The
<literal>subvolume
</literal> resource type is identical to
192 <literal>directory
</literal>, except when used as the target, in which case the file tree is placed in
193 a btrfs subvolume instead of a plain directory, if the backing file system supports it (i.e. is
194 btrfs).
</para></listitem>
197 <para>As already indicated, only a subset of source and target resource type combinations are
201 <title>Resource Types
</title>
203 <tgroup cols='
3' align='left' colsep='
1' rowsep='
1'
>
204 <colspec colname=
"name" />
205 <colspec colname=
"explanation" />
209 <entry>Identifier
</entry>
210 <entry>Description
</entry>
211 <entry>Usable as Source
</entry>
212 <entry>When Used as Source: Compatible Targets
</entry>
213 <entry>When Used as Source: Integrity + Authentication
</entry>
214 <entry>When Used as Source: Decompression
</entry>
215 <entry>Usable as Target
</entry>
216 <entry>When Used as Target: Compatible Sources
</entry>
222 <entry><constant>url-file
</constant></entry>
223 <entry>HTTP/HTTPS files
</entry>
225 <entry><constant>regular-file
</constant>,
<constant>partition
</constant></entry>
233 <entry><constant>url-tar
</constant></entry>
234 <entry>HTTP/HTTPS
<filename>.tar
</filename> archives
</entry>
236 <entry><constant>directory
</constant>,
<constant>subvolume
</constant></entry>
244 <entry><constant>regular-file
</constant></entry>
245 <entry>Local files
</entry>
247 <entry><constant>regular-file
</constant>,
<constant>partition
</constant></entry>
251 <entry><constant>url-file
</constant>,
<constant>regular-file
</constant></entry>
255 <entry><constant>partition
</constant></entry>
256 <entry>Local GPT partitions
</entry>
262 <entry><constant>url-file
</constant>,
<constant>regular-file
</constant></entry>
266 <entry><constant>tar
</constant></entry>
267 <entry>Local
<filename>.tar
</filename> archives
</entry>
269 <entry><constant>directory
</constant>,
<constant>subvolume
</constant></entry>
277 <entry><constant>directory
</constant></entry>
278 <entry>Local directories
</entry>
280 <entry><constant>directory
</constant>,
<constant>subvolume
</constant></entry>
284 <entry><constant>url-tar
</constant>,
<constant>tar
</constant>,
<constant>directory
</constant>,
<constant>subvolume
</constant></entry>
288 <entry><constant>subvolume
</constant></entry>
289 <entry>Local btrfs subvolumes
</entry>
291 <entry><constant>directory
</constant>,
<constant>subvolume
</constant></entry>
295 <entry><constant>url-tar
</constant>,
<constant>tar
</constant>,
<constant>directory
</constant>,
<constant>subvolume
</constant></entry>
304 <title>Match Patterns
</title>
306 <para>Both the source and target resources typically exist in multiple versions concurrently. An update
307 operation is done whenever the newest of the source versions is newer than the newest of the target
308 versions. To determine the newest version of the resources a directory listing, partition listing or
309 manifest listing is used, a subset of qualifying entries selected from that, and the version identifier
310 extracted from the file names or partition labels of these selected entries. Subset selection and
311 extraction of the version identifier (plus potentially other metadata) is done via match patterns,
312 configured in
<varname>MatchPattern=
</varname> in the [Source] and [Target] sections. These patterns are
313 strings that describe how files or partitions are named, with named wildcards for specific fields such as
314 the version identifier. The following wildcards are defined:
</para>
317 <title>Match Pattern Wildcards
</title>
319 <tgroup cols='
2' align='left' colsep='
1' rowsep='
1'
>
320 <colspec colname=
"name" />
321 <colspec colname=
"explanation" />
325 <entry>Wildcard
</entry>
326 <entry>Description
</entry>
327 <entry>Format
</entry>
334 <entry><literal>@v
</literal></entry>
335 <entry>Version identifier
</entry>
336 <entry>Valid version string
</entry>
337 <entry>Mandatory
</entry>
341 <entry><literal>@u
</literal></entry>
342 <entry>GPT partition UUID
</entry>
343 <entry>Valid
128-Bit UUID string
</entry>
344 <entry>Only relevant if target resource type chosen as
<constant>partition
</constant></entry>
348 <entry><literal>@f
</literal></entry>
349 <entry>GPT partition flags
</entry>
350 <entry>Formatted hexadecimal integer
</entry>
351 <entry>Only relevant if target resource type chosen as
<constant>partition
</constant></entry>
355 <entry><literal>@a
</literal></entry>
356 <entry>GPT partition flag NoAuto
</entry>
357 <entry>Either
<literal>0</literal> or
<literal>1</literal></entry>
358 <entry>Controls NoAuto bit of the GPT partition flags, as per
<ulink url=
"https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS">Discoverable Partitions Specification
</ulink>; only relevant if target resource type chosen as
<constant>partition
</constant></entry>
362 <entry><literal>@g
</literal></entry>
363 <entry>GPT partition flag GrowFileSystem
</entry>
364 <entry>Either
<literal>0</literal> or
<literal>1</literal></entry>
365 <entry>Controls GrowFileSystem bit of the GPT partition flags, as per
<ulink url=
"https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS">Discoverable Partitions Specification
</ulink>; only relevant if target resource type chosen as
<constant>partition
</constant></entry>
369 <entry><literal>@r
</literal></entry>
370 <entry>Read-only flag
</entry>
371 <entry>Either
<literal>0</literal> or
<literal>1</literal></entry>
372 <entry>Controls ReadOnly bit of the GPT partition flags, as per
<ulink url=
"https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS">Discoverable Partitions Specification
</ulink> and other output read-only flags, see
<varname>ReadOnly=
</varname> below
</entry>
376 <entry><literal>@t
</literal></entry>
377 <entry>File modification time
</entry>
378 <entry>Formatted decimal integer, µs since UNIX epoch Jan
1st
1970</entry>
379 <entry>Only relevant if target resource type chosen as
<constant>regular-file
</constant></entry>
383 <entry><literal>@m
</literal></entry>
384 <entry>File access mode
</entry>
385 <entry>Formatted octal integer, in UNIX fashion
</entry>
386 <entry>Only relevant if target resource type chosen as
<constant>regular-file
</constant></entry>
390 <entry><literal>@s
</literal></entry>
391 <entry>File size after decompression
</entry>
392 <entry>Formatted decimal integer
</entry>
393 <entry>Useful for measuring progress and to improve partition allocation logic
</entry>
397 <entry><literal>@d
</literal></entry>
398 <entry>Tries done
</entry>
399 <entry>Formatted decimal integer
</entry>
400 <entry>Useful when operating with kernel image files, as per
<ulink url=
"https://systemd.io/AUTOMATIC_BOOT_ASSESSMENT">Automatic Boot Assessment
</ulink></entry>
404 <entry><literal>@l
</literal></entry>
405 <entry>Tries left
</entry>
406 <entry>Formatted decimal integer
</entry>
407 <entry>Useful when operating with kernel image files, as per
<ulink url=
"https://systemd.io/AUTOMATIC_BOOT_ASSESSMENT">Automatic Boot Assessment
</ulink></entry>
411 <entry><literal>@h
</literal></entry>
412 <entry>SHA256 hash of compressed file
</entry>
413 <entry>64 hexadecimal characters
</entry>
414 <entry>The SHA256 hash of the compressed file; not useful for
<constant>url-file
</constant> or
<constant>url-tar
</constant> where the SHA256 hash is already included in the manifest file anyway
</entry>
420 <para>Of these wildcards only
<literal>@v
</literal> must be present in a valid pattern, all other
421 wildcards are optional. Each wildcard may be used at most once in each pattern. A typical wildcard
422 matching a file system source image could be
<literal>MatchPattern=foobar_@v.raw.xz
</literal>, i.e. any file
423 whose name begins with
<literal>foobar_
</literal>, followed by a version ID and suffixed by
424 <literal>.raw.xz
</literal>.
</para>
426 <para>Do not confuse the
<literal>@
</literal> pattern matching wildcard prefix with the
427 <literal>%
</literal> specifier expansion prefix. The former encapsulate a variable part of a match
428 pattern string, the latter are simple shortcuts that are expanded while the drop-in files are
429 parsed. For details about specifiers, see below.
</para>
433 <title>[Transfer] Section Options
</title>
435 <para>This section defines general properties of this transfer:
</para>
439 <term><varname>MinVersion=
</varname></term>
441 <listitem><para>Specifies the minimum version to require for this transfer to take place. If the
442 source or target patterns in this transfer definition match files older than this version they will
443 be considered obsolete, and never be considered for the update operation.
</para></listitem>
447 <term><varname>ProtectVersion=
</varname></term>
449 <listitem><para>Takes one or more version strings to mark as
"protected". Protected versions are
450 never removed while making room for new, updated versions. This is useful to ensure that the
451 currently booted OS version (or auxiliary resources associated with it) is not replaced/overwritten
452 during updates, in order to avoid runtime file system corruptions.
</para>
454 <para>Like many of the settings in these configuration files this setting supports specifier
455 expansion. It's particularly useful to set this setting to one of the
<literal>%A
</literal>,
456 <literal>%B
</literal> or
<literal>%w
</literal> specifiers to automatically refer to the current OS
457 version of the running system. See below for details on supported specifiers.
</para></listitem>
461 <term><varname>Verify=
</varname></term>
463 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean, defaults to yes. Controls whether to cryptographically verify
464 downloaded resources (specifically: validate the GPG signatures for downloaded
465 <filename>SHA256SUMS
</filename> manifest files, via their detached signature files
466 <filename>SHA256SUMS.gpg
</filename> in combination with the system keyring
467 <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/import-pubring.gpg
</filename> or
468 <filename>/etc/systemd/import-pubring.gpg
</filename>).
</para>
470 <para>This option is essential to provide integrity guarantees for downloaded resources and thus
471 should be left enabled, outside of test environments.
</para>
473 <para>Note that the downloaded payload files are unconditionally checked against the SHA256 hashes
474 listed in the manifest. This option only controls whether the signatures of these manifests are
477 <para>This option only has an effect if the source resource type is selected as
478 <constant>url-file
</constant> or
<constant>url-tar
</constant>, as integrity and authentication
479 checking is only available for transfers from remote sources.
</para></listitem>
486 <title>[Source] Section Options
</title>
488 <para>This section defines properties of the transfer source:
</para>
492 <term><varname>Type=
</varname></term>
494 <listitem><para>Specifies the resource type of the source for the transfer. Takes one of
495 <constant>url-file
</constant>,
<constant>url-tar
</constant>,
<constant>tar
</constant>,
496 <constant>regular-file
</constant>,
<constant>directory
</constant> or
497 <constant>subvolume
</constant>. For details about the resource types, see above. This option is
500 <para>Note that only some combinations of source and target resource types are supported, see
501 above.
</para></listitem>
507 <term><varname>Path=
</varname></term>
509 <listitem><para>Specifies where to find source versions of this resource.
</para>
511 <para>If the source type is selected as
<constant>url-file
</constant> or
512 <constant>url-tar
</constant> this must be a HTTP/HTTPS URL. The URL is suffixed with
513 <filename>/SHA256SUMS
</filename> to acquire the manifest file, with
514 <filename>/SHA256SUMS.gpg
</filename> to acquire the detached signature file for it, and with the file
515 names listed in the manifest file in case an update is executed and a resource shall be
518 <para>For all other source resource types this must be a local path in the file system, referring to
519 a local directory to find the versions of this resource in.
</para></listitem>
523 <term><varname>MatchPattern=
</varname></term>
525 <listitem><para>Specifies one or more file name match patterns that select the subset of files that
526 are update candidates as source for this transfer. See above for details on match patterns.
</para>
528 <para>This option is mandatory. Any pattern listed must contain at least the
<literal>@v
</literal>
529 wildcard, so that a version identifier may be extracted from the filename. All other wildcards are
530 optional.
</para></listitem>
536 <title>[Target] Section Options
</title>
538 <para>This section defines properties of the transfer target:
</para>
542 <term><varname>Type=
</varname></term>
544 <listitem><para>Specifies the resource type of the target for the transfer. Takes one of
545 <constant>partition
</constant>,
<constant>regular-file
</constant>,
<constant>directory
</constant> or
546 <constant>subvolume
</constant>. For details about the resource types, see above. This option is
549 <para>Note that only some combinations of source and target resource types are supported, see above.
</para></listitem>
553 <term><varname>Path=
</varname></term>
555 <listitem><para>Specifies a file system path where to look for already installed versions or place
556 newly downloaded versions of this configured resource. If
<varname>Type=
</varname> is set to
557 <constant>partition
</constant>, expects a path to a (whole) block device node, or the special string
558 <literal>auto
</literal> in which case the block device which contains the root file system of the
559 currently booted system is automatically determined and used. If
<varname>Type=
</varname> is set to
560 <constant>regular-file
</constant>,
<constant>directory
</constant> or
<constant>subvolume
</constant>,
561 must refer to a path in the local file system referencing the directory to find or place the version
562 files or directories under.
</para>
564 <para>Note that this mechanism cannot be used to create or remove partitions, in case
565 <varname>Type=
</varname> is set to
<constant>partition
</constant>. Partitions must exist already, and
566 a special partition label
<literal>_empty
</literal> is used to indicate empty partitions. To
567 automatically generate suitable partitions on first boot, use a tool such as
568 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
</para></listitem>
572 <term><varname>MatchPattern=
</varname></term>
574 <listitem><para>Specifies one or more file name or partition label match patterns that select the
575 subset of files or partitions that are update candidates as targets for this transfer. See above for
576 details on match patterns.
</para>
578 <para>This option is mandatory. Any pattern listed must contain at least the
<literal>@v
</literal>
579 wildcard, so that a version identifier may be extracted from the filename. All other wildcards are
582 <para>This pattern is both used for matching existing installed versions and for determining the name
583 of new versions to install. If multiple patterns are specified, the first specified is used for
584 naming newly installed versions.
</para></listitem>
588 <term><varname>MatchPartitionType=
</varname></term>
590 <listitem><para>When the target
<varname>Type=
</varname> is chosen as
<constant>partition
</constant>,
591 specifies the GPT partition type to look for. Only partitions of this type are considered, all other
592 partitions are ignored. If not specified, the GPT partition type
<constant>linux-generic
</constant>
593 is used. Accepts either a literal type UUID or a symbolic type identifier. For a list of supported
594 type identifiers, see the
<varname>Type=
</varname> setting in
595 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>repart.d
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
</para></listitem>
599 <term><varname>PartitionUUID=
</varname></term>
600 <term><varname>PartitionFlags=
</varname></term>
601 <term><varname>PartitionNoAuto=
</varname></term>
602 <term><varname>PartitionGrowFileSystem=
</varname></term>
604 <listitem><para>When the target
<varname>Type=
</varname> is picked as
<constant>partition
</constant>,
605 selects the GPT partition UUID and partition flags to use for the updated partition. Expects a valid
606 UUID string, a hexadecimal integer, or booleans, respectively. If not set, but the source match
607 pattern includes wildcards for these fields (i.e.
<literal>@u
</literal>,
<literal>@f
</literal>,
608 <literal>@a
</literal>, or
<literal>@g
</literal>), the values from the patterns are used. If neither
609 configured with wildcards or these explicit settings, the values are left untouched. If both the
610 overall
<varname>PartitionFlags=
</varname> flags setting and the individual flag settings
611 <varname>PartitionNoAuto=
</varname> and
<varname>PartitionGrowFileSystem=
</varname> are used (or the
612 wildcards for them), then the latter override the former, i.e. the individual flag bit overrides the
613 overall flags value. See
<ulink url=
"https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS">Discoverable
614 Partitions Specification
</ulink> for details about these flags.
</para>
616 <para>Note that these settings are not used for matching, they only have effect on newly written
617 partitions in case a transfer takes place.
</para></listitem>
621 <term><varname>ReadOnly=
</varname></term>
623 <listitem><para>Controls whether to mark the resulting file, subvolume or partition read-only. If the
624 target type is
<constant>partition
</constant> this controls the ReadOnly partition flag, as per
625 <ulink url=
"https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS">Discoverable Partitions
626 Specification
</ulink>, similar to the
<varname>PartitionNoAuto=
</varname> and
627 <varname>PartitionGrowFileSystem=
</varname> flags described above. If the target type is
628 <constant>regular-file
</constant>, the writable bit is removed from the access mode. If the the
629 target type is
<constant>subvolume
</constant>, the subvolume will be marked read-only as a
630 whole. Finally, if the target
<varname>Type=
</varname> is selected as
<constant>directory
</constant>,
631 the
"immutable" file attribute is set, see
<citerefentry
632 project='man-pages'
><refentrytitle>chattr
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
633 details.
</para></listitem>
637 <term><varname>Mode=
</varname></term>
639 <listitem><para>The UNIX file access mode to use for newly created files in case the target resource
640 type is picked as
<constant>regular-file
</constant>. Expects an octal integer, in typical UNIX
641 fashion. If not set, but the source match pattern includes a wildcard for this field
642 (i.e.
<literal>@t
</literal>), the value from the pattern is used.
</para>
644 <para>Note that this setting is not used for matching, it only has an effect on newly written
645 files when a transfer takes place.
</para></listitem>
649 <term><varname>TriesDone=
</varname></term>
650 <term><varname>TriesLeft=
</varname></term>
652 <listitem><para>These options take positive, decimal integers, and control the number of attempts
653 done and left for this file. These settings are useful for managing kernel images, following the
654 scheme defined in
<ulink url=
"https://systemd.io/AUTOMATIC_BOOT_ASSESSMENT">Automatic Boot
655 Assessment
</ulink>, and only have an effect if the target pattern includes the
<literal>@d
</literal>
656 or
<literal>@l
</literal> wildcards.
</para></listitem>
660 <term><varname>InstancesMax=
</varname></term>
662 <listitem><para>Takes a decimal integer equal to or greater than
2. This configures how many concurrent
663 versions of the resource to keep. Whenever a new update is initiated it is made sure that no more
664 than the number of versions specified here minus one exist in the target. Any excess versions are
665 deleted (in case the target
<varname>Type=
</varname> of
<constant>regular-file
</constant>,
666 <constant>directory
</constant>,
<constant>subvolume
</constant> is used) or emptied (in case the
667 target
<varname>Type=
</varname> of
<constant>partition
</constant> is used; emptying in this case
668 simply means to set the partition label to the special string
<literal>_empty
</literal>; note that no
669 partitions are actually removed). After an update is completed the number of concurrent versions of
670 the target resources is equal to or below the number specified here.
</para>
672 <para>Note that this setting may be set differently for each transfer. However, it generally is
673 advisable to keep this setting the same for all transfers, since otherwise incomplete combinations of
674 files or partitions will be left installed.
</para>
676 <para>If the target
<varname>Type=
</varname> is selected as
<constant>partition
</constant>, the number
677 of concurrent versions to keep is additionally restricted by the number of partition slots of the
678 right type in the partition table. i.e. if there are only
2 partition slots for the selected
679 partition type, setting this value larger than
2 is without effect, since no more than
2 concurrent
680 versions could be stored in the image anyway.
</para></listitem>
684 <term><varname>RemoveTemporary=
</varname></term>
686 <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. If this option is enabled (which is the default) before
687 initiating an update, all left-over, incomplete updates from a previous attempt are removed from the
688 target directory. This only has an effect if the target resource
<varname>Type=
</varname> is selected
689 as
<constant>regular-file
</constant>,
<constant>directory
</constant> or
690 <constant>subvolume
</constant>.
</para></listitem>
694 <term><varname>CurrentSymlink=
</varname></term>
696 <listitem><para>Takes a symlink name as argument. If this option is used, as the last step of the
697 update a symlink under the specified name is created/updated pointing to the completed update. This
698 is useful in to provide a stable name always pointing to the newest version of the resource. This is
699 only supported if the target resource
<varname>Type=
</varname> is selected as
700 <constant>regular-file
</constant>,
<constant>directory
</constant> or
701 <constant>subvolume
</constant>.
</para></listitem>
708 <title>Specifiers
</title>
710 <para>Specifiers may be used in the
<varname>MinVersion=
</varname>,
<varname>ProtectVersion=
</varname>,
711 <varname>Path=
</varname>,
<varname>MatchPattern=
</varname> and
<varname>CurrentSymlink=
</varname>
712 settings. The following expansions are understood:
</para>
713 <table class='specifiers'
>
714 <title>Specifiers available
</title>
715 <tgroup cols='
3' align='left' colsep='
1' rowsep='
1'
>
716 <colspec colname=
"spec" />
717 <colspec colname=
"mean" />
718 <colspec colname=
"detail" />
721 <entry>Specifier
</entry>
722 <entry>Meaning
</entry>
723 <entry>Details
</entry>
727 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"a"/>
728 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"A"/>
729 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"b"/>
730 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"B"/>
731 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"H"/>
732 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"l"/>
733 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"m"/>
734 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"M"/>
735 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"o"/>
736 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"v"/>
737 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"w"/>
738 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"W"/>
739 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"T"/>
740 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"V"/>
741 <xi:include href=
"standard-specifiers.xml" xpointer=
"percent"/>
746 <para>Do not confuse the
<literal>%
</literal> specifier expansion prefix with the
<literal>@
</literal>
747 pattern matching wildcard prefix. The former are simple shortcuts that are expanded while the drop-in
748 files are parsed, the latter encapsulate a variable part of a match pattern string. For details about
749 pattern matching wildcards, see above.
</para>
753 <title>Examples
</title>
756 <title>Updates for a Verity Enabled Secure OS
</title>
758 <para>With the following three files we define a root file system partition, a matching Verity
759 partition, and a unified kernel image to update as one. This example is an extension of the example
760 discussed earlier in this man page.
</para>
762 <para><programlisting># /usr/lib/sysupdate.d/
50-verity.conf
768 Path=https://download.example.com/
769 MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v_@u.verity.xz
774 MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v_verity
775 MatchPartitionType=root-verity
777 PartitionReadOnly=
1</programlisting></para>
779 <para>The above defines the update mechanism for the Verity partition of the root file system. Verity
780 partition images are downloaded from
781 <literal>https://download.example.com/foobarOS_@v_@u.verity.xz
</literal> and written to a suitable
782 local partition, which is marked read-only. Under the assumption this update is run from the image
783 itself the current image version (i.e. the
<literal>%A
</literal> specifier) is marked as protected, to
784 ensure it is not corrupted while booted. Note that the partition UUID for the target partition is
785 encoded in the source file name. Fixating the partition UUID can be useful to ensure that
786 <literal>roothash=
</literal> on the kernel command line is sufficient to pinpoint both the Verity and
787 root file system partition, and also encode the Verity root level hash (under the assumption the UUID
788 in the file names match their top-level hash, the way
789 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
792 <para><programlisting># /usr/lib/sysupdate.d/
60-root.conf
798 Path=https://download.example.com/
799 MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v_@u.root.xz
804 MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v
805 MatchPartitionType=root
807 PartitionReadOnly=
1</programlisting></para>
809 <para>The above defines a matching transfer definition for the root file system.
</para>
811 <para><programlisting># /usr/lib/sysupdate.d/
70-kernel.conf
817 Path=https://download.example.com/
818 MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v.efi.xz
823 MatchPattern=foobarOS_@v+@l-@d.efi \
829 InstancesMax=
2</programlisting></para>
831 <para>The above installs a unified kernel image into the ESP (which is mounted to
832 <filename>/efi/
</filename>), as per
<ulink url=
"https://systemd.io/BOOT_LOADER_SPECIFICATION">Boot
833 Loader Specification
</ulink> Type #
2. This defines three possible patterns for the names of the
834 kernel images, as per
<ulink url=
"https://systemd.io/AUTOMATIC_BOOT_ASSESSMENT">Automatic Boot
835 Assessment
</ulink>, and ensures when installing new kernels, they are set up with
3 tries left. No
836 more than two parallel kernels are kept.
</para>
838 <para>With this setup the web server would serve the following files, for a hypothetical version
7 of
842 <listitem><para><filename>SHA256SUMS
</filename> – The manifest file, containing available files and their SHA256 hashes
</para></listitem>
843 <listitem><para><filename>SHA256SUMS.gpg
</filename> – The detached cryptographic signature for the manifest file
</para></listitem>
844 <listitem><para><filename>foobarOS_7_8b8186b1-
2b4e-4eb6-ad39-
8d4d18d2a8fb.verity.xz
</filename> – The Verity image for version
7</para></listitem>
845 <listitem><para><filename>foobarOS_7_f4d1234f-
3ebf-
47c4-b31d-
4052982f9a2f.root.xz
</filename> – The root file system image for version
7</para></listitem>
846 <listitem><para><filename>foobarOS_7_efi.xz
</filename> – The unified kernel image for version
7</para></listitem>
849 <para>For each new OS release a new set of the latter three files would be added, each time with an
850 updated version. The
<filename>SHA256SUMS
</filename> manifest should then be updated accordingly,
851 listing all files for all versions that shall be offered for download.
</para>
855 <title>Updates for Plain Directory Container Image
</title>
857 <para><programlisting>
860 Path=https://download.example.com/
861 MatchPattern=myContainer_@v.tar.gz
865 Path=/var/lib/machines
866 MatchPattern=myContainer_@v
867 CurrentSymlink=myContainer
</programlisting></para>
869 <para>On updates this downloads
<literal>https://download.example.com/myContainer_@v.tar.gz
</literal>
870 and decompresses/unpacks it to
<filename>/var/lib/machines/myContainer_@v
</filename>. After each update
871 a symlink
<filename>/var/lib/machines/myContainer
</filename> is created/updated always pointing to the
872 most recent update.
</para>
877 <title>See Also
</title>
879 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
880 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysupdate
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
881 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-repart
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>