dt-bindings: usb: tegra-xudc: Remove extraneous PHYs

[thirdparty/linux.git] / mm / huge_memory.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 *  Copyright (C) 2009  Red Hat, Inc.
 */

#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt

#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched/coredump.h>
#include <linux/sched/numa_balancing.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/shrinker.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/swapops.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/dax.h>
#include <linux/khugepaged.h>
#include <linux/freezer.h>
#include <linux/pfn_t.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/memremap.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/migrate.h>
#include <linux/hashtable.h>
#include <linux/userfaultfd_k.h>
#include <linux/page_idle.h>
#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
#include <linux/oom.h>
#include <linux/numa.h>
#include <linux/page_owner.h>
#include <linux/sched/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/memory-tiers.h>

#include <asm/tlb.h>
#include <asm/pgalloc.h>
#include "internal.h"
#include "swap.h"

#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/thp.h>

/*
 * By default, transparent hugepage support is disabled in order to avoid
 * risking an increased memory footprint for applications that are not
 * guaranteed to benefit from it. When transparent hugepage support is
 * enabled, it is for all mappings, and khugepaged scans all mappings.
 * Defrag is invoked by khugepaged hugepage allocations and by page faults
 * for all hugepage allocations.
 */
unsigned long transparent_hugepage_flags __read_mostly =
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_ALWAYS
        (1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG)|
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_MADVISE
        (1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_REQ_MADV_FLAG)|
#endif
        (1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_REQ_MADV_FLAG)|
        (1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KHUGEPAGED_FLAG)|
        (1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_USE_ZERO_PAGE_FLAG);

static struct shrinker deferred_split_shrinker;

static atomic_t huge_zero_refcount;
struct page *huge_zero_page __read_mostly;
unsigned long huge_zero_pfn __read_mostly = ~0UL;

bool hugepage_vma_check(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long vm_flags,
                        bool smaps, bool in_pf, bool enforce_sysfs)
{
        if (!vma->vm_mm)                /* vdso */
                return false;

        /*
         * Explicitly disabled through madvise or prctl, or some
         * architectures may disable THP for some mappings, for
         * example, s390 kvm.
         * */
        if ((vm_flags & VM_NOHUGEPAGE) ||
            test_bit(MMF_DISABLE_THP, &vma->vm_mm->flags))
                return false;
        /*
         * If the hardware/firmware marked hugepage support disabled.
         */
        if (transparent_hugepage_flags & (1 << TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_UNSUPPORTED))
                return false;

        /* khugepaged doesn't collapse DAX vma, but page fault is fine. */
        if (vma_is_dax(vma))
                return in_pf;

        /*
         * Special VMA and hugetlb VMA.
         * Must be checked after dax since some dax mappings may have
         * VM_MIXEDMAP set.
         */
        if (vm_flags & VM_NO_KHUGEPAGED)
                return false;

        /*
         * Check alignment for file vma and size for both file and anon vma.
         *
         * Skip the check for page fault. Huge fault does the check in fault
         * handlers. And this check is not suitable for huge PUD fault.
         */
        if (!in_pf &&
            !transhuge_vma_suitable(vma, (vma->vm_end - HPAGE_PMD_SIZE)))
                return false;

        /*
         * Enabled via shmem mount options or sysfs settings.
         * Must be done before hugepage flags check since shmem has its
         * own flags.
         */
        if (!in_pf && shmem_file(vma->vm_file))
                return shmem_is_huge(file_inode(vma->vm_file), vma->vm_pgoff,
                                     !enforce_sysfs, vma->vm_mm, vm_flags);

        /* Enforce sysfs THP requirements as necessary */
        if (enforce_sysfs &&
            (!hugepage_flags_enabled() || (!(vm_flags & VM_HUGEPAGE) &&
                                           !hugepage_flags_always())))
                return false;

        /* Only regular file is valid */
        if (!in_pf && file_thp_enabled(vma))
                return true;

        if (!vma_is_anonymous(vma))
                return false;

        if (vma_is_temporary_stack(vma))
                return false;

        /*
         * THPeligible bit of smaps should show 1 for proper VMAs even
         * though anon_vma is not initialized yet.
         *
         * Allow page fault since anon_vma may be not initialized until
         * the first page fault.
         */
        if (!vma->anon_vma)
                return (smaps || in_pf);

        return true;
}

static bool get_huge_zero_page(void)
{
        struct page *zero_page;
retry:
        if (likely(atomic_inc_not_zero(&huge_zero_refcount)))
                return true;

        zero_page = alloc_pages((GFP_TRANSHUGE | __GFP_ZERO) & ~__GFP_MOVABLE,
                        HPAGE_PMD_ORDER);
        if (!zero_page) {
                count_vm_event(THP_ZERO_PAGE_ALLOC_FAILED);
                return false;
        }
        preempt_disable();
        if (cmpxchg(&huge_zero_page, NULL, zero_page)) {
                preempt_enable();
                __free_pages(zero_page, compound_order(zero_page));
                goto retry;
        }
        WRITE_ONCE(huge_zero_pfn, page_to_pfn(zero_page));

        /* We take additional reference here. It will be put back by shrinker */
        atomic_set(&huge_zero_refcount, 2);
        preempt_enable();
        count_vm_event(THP_ZERO_PAGE_ALLOC);
        return true;
}

static void put_huge_zero_page(void)
{
        /*
         * Counter should never go to zero here. Only shrinker can put
         * last reference.
         */
        BUG_ON(atomic_dec_and_test(&huge_zero_refcount));
}

struct page *mm_get_huge_zero_page(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        if (test_bit(MMF_HUGE_ZERO_PAGE, &mm->flags))
                return READ_ONCE(huge_zero_page);

        if (!get_huge_zero_page())
                return NULL;

        if (test_and_set_bit(MMF_HUGE_ZERO_PAGE, &mm->flags))
                put_huge_zero_page();

        return READ_ONCE(huge_zero_page);
}

void mm_put_huge_zero_page(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
        if (test_bit(MMF_HUGE_ZERO_PAGE, &mm->flags))
                put_huge_zero_page();
}

static unsigned long shrink_huge_zero_page_count(struct shrinker *shrink,
                                        struct shrink_control *sc)
{
        /* we can free zero page only if last reference remains */
        return atomic_read(&huge_zero_refcount) == 1 ? HPAGE_PMD_NR : 0;
}

static unsigned long shrink_huge_zero_page_scan(struct shrinker *shrink,
                                       struct shrink_control *sc)
{
        if (atomic_cmpxchg(&huge_zero_refcount, 1, 0) == 1) {
                struct page *zero_page = xchg(&huge_zero_page, NULL);
                BUG_ON(zero_page == NULL);
                WRITE_ONCE(huge_zero_pfn, ~0UL);
                __free_pages(zero_page, compound_order(zero_page));
                return HPAGE_PMD_NR;
        }

        return 0;
}

static struct shrinker huge_zero_page_shrinker = {
        .count_objects = shrink_huge_zero_page_count,
        .scan_objects = shrink_huge_zero_page_scan,
        .seeks = DEFAULT_SEEKS,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
static ssize_t enabled_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                            struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        const char *output;

        if (test_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags))
                output = "[always] madvise never";
        else if (test_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_REQ_MADV_FLAG,
                          &transparent_hugepage_flags))
                output = "always [madvise] never";
        else
                output = "always madvise [never]";

        return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s\n", output);
}

static ssize_t enabled_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                             struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                             const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        ssize_t ret = count;

        if (sysfs_streq(buf, "always")) {
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_REQ_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                set_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
        } else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "madvise")) {
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                set_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_REQ_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
        } else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "never")) {
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_REQ_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
        } else
                ret = -EINVAL;

        if (ret > 0) {
                int err = start_stop_khugepaged();
                if (err)
                        ret = err;
        }
        return ret;
}

static struct kobj_attribute enabled_attr = __ATTR_RW(enabled);

ssize_t single_hugepage_flag_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                  struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf,
                                  enum transparent_hugepage_flag flag)
{
        return sysfs_emit(buf, "%d\n",
                          !!test_bit(flag, &transparent_hugepage_flags));
}

ssize_t single_hugepage_flag_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                                 struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                                 const char *buf, size_t count,
                                 enum transparent_hugepage_flag flag)
{
        unsigned long value;
        int ret;

        ret = kstrtoul(buf, 10, &value);
        if (ret < 0)
                return ret;
        if (value > 1)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (value)
                set_bit(flag, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
        else
                clear_bit(flag, &transparent_hugepage_flags);

        return count;
}

static ssize_t defrag_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                           struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        const char *output;

        if (test_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_DIRECT_FLAG,
                     &transparent_hugepage_flags))
                output = "[always] defer defer+madvise madvise never";
        else if (test_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_FLAG,
                          &transparent_hugepage_flags))
                output = "always [defer] defer+madvise madvise never";
        else if (test_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_OR_MADV_FLAG,
                          &transparent_hugepage_flags))
                output = "always defer [defer+madvise] madvise never";
        else if (test_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_REQ_MADV_FLAG,
                          &transparent_hugepage_flags))
                output = "always defer defer+madvise [madvise] never";
        else
                output = "always defer defer+madvise madvise [never]";

        return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s\n", output);
}

static ssize_t defrag_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                            struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                            const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        if (sysfs_streq(buf, "always")) {
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_OR_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_REQ_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                set_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_DIRECT_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
        } else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "defer+madvise")) {
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_DIRECT_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_REQ_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                set_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_OR_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
        } else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "defer")) {
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_DIRECT_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_OR_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_REQ_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                set_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
        } else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "madvise")) {
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_DIRECT_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_OR_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                set_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_REQ_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
        } else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "never")) {
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_DIRECT_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_OR_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_REQ_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags);
        } else
                return -EINVAL;

        return count;
}
static struct kobj_attribute defrag_attr = __ATTR_RW(defrag);

static ssize_t use_zero_page_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                  struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        return single_hugepage_flag_show(kobj, attr, buf,
                                         TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_USE_ZERO_PAGE_FLAG);
}
static ssize_t use_zero_page_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        return single_hugepage_flag_store(kobj, attr, buf, count,
                                 TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_USE_ZERO_PAGE_FLAG);
}
static struct kobj_attribute use_zero_page_attr = __ATTR_RW(use_zero_page);

static ssize_t hpage_pmd_size_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                   struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        return sysfs_emit(buf, "%lu\n", HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
}
static struct kobj_attribute hpage_pmd_size_attr =
        __ATTR_RO(hpage_pmd_size);

static struct attribute *hugepage_attr[] = {
        &enabled_attr.attr,
        &defrag_attr.attr,
        &use_zero_page_attr.attr,
        &hpage_pmd_size_attr.attr,
#ifdef CONFIG_SHMEM
        &shmem_enabled_attr.attr,
#endif
        NULL,
};

static const struct attribute_group hugepage_attr_group = {
        .attrs = hugepage_attr,
};

static int __init hugepage_init_sysfs(struct kobject **hugepage_kobj)
{
        int err;

        *hugepage_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("transparent_hugepage", mm_kobj);
        if (unlikely(!*hugepage_kobj)) {
                pr_err("failed to create transparent hugepage kobject\n");
                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        err = sysfs_create_group(*hugepage_kobj, &hugepage_attr_group);
        if (err) {
                pr_err("failed to register transparent hugepage group\n");
                goto delete_obj;
        }

        err = sysfs_create_group(*hugepage_kobj, &khugepaged_attr_group);
        if (err) {
                pr_err("failed to register transparent hugepage group\n");
                goto remove_hp_group;
        }

        return 0;

remove_hp_group:
        sysfs_remove_group(*hugepage_kobj, &hugepage_attr_group);
delete_obj:
        kobject_put(*hugepage_kobj);
        return err;
}

static void __init hugepage_exit_sysfs(struct kobject *hugepage_kobj)
{
        sysfs_remove_group(hugepage_kobj, &khugepaged_attr_group);
        sysfs_remove_group(hugepage_kobj, &hugepage_attr_group);
        kobject_put(hugepage_kobj);
}
#else
static inline int hugepage_init_sysfs(struct kobject **hugepage_kobj)
{
        return 0;
}

static inline void hugepage_exit_sysfs(struct kobject *hugepage_kobj)
{
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SYSFS */

static int __init hugepage_init(void)
{
        int err;
        struct kobject *hugepage_kobj;

        if (!has_transparent_hugepage()) {
                transparent_hugepage_flags = 1 << TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_UNSUPPORTED;
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        /*
         * hugepages can't be allocated by the buddy allocator
         */
        MAYBE_BUILD_BUG_ON(HPAGE_PMD_ORDER > MAX_ORDER);
        /*
         * we use page->mapping and page->index in second tail page
         * as list_head: assuming THP order >= 2
         */
        MAYBE_BUILD_BUG_ON(HPAGE_PMD_ORDER < 2);

        err = hugepage_init_sysfs(&hugepage_kobj);
        if (err)
                goto err_sysfs;

        err = khugepaged_init();
        if (err)
                goto err_slab;

        err = register_shrinker(&huge_zero_page_shrinker, "thp-zero");
        if (err)
                goto err_hzp_shrinker;
        err = register_shrinker(&deferred_split_shrinker, "thp-deferred_split");
        if (err)
                goto err_split_shrinker;

        /*
         * By default disable transparent hugepages on smaller systems,
         * where the extra memory used could hurt more than TLB overhead
         * is likely to save.  The admin can still enable it through /sys.
         */
        if (totalram_pages() < (512 << (20 - PAGE_SHIFT))) {
                transparent_hugepage_flags = 0;
                return 0;
        }

        err = start_stop_khugepaged();
        if (err)
                goto err_khugepaged;

        return 0;
err_khugepaged:
        unregister_shrinker(&deferred_split_shrinker);
err_split_shrinker:
        unregister_shrinker(&huge_zero_page_shrinker);
err_hzp_shrinker:
        khugepaged_destroy();
err_slab:
        hugepage_exit_sysfs(hugepage_kobj);
err_sysfs:
        return err;
}
subsys_initcall(hugepage_init);

static int __init setup_transparent_hugepage(char *str)
{
        int ret = 0;
        if (!str)
                goto out;
        if (!strcmp(str, "always")) {
                set_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG,
                        &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_REQ_MADV_FLAG,
                          &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                ret = 1;
        } else if (!strcmp(str, "madvise")) {
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG,
                          &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                set_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_REQ_MADV_FLAG,
                        &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                ret = 1;
        } else if (!strcmp(str, "never")) {
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG,
                          &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                clear_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_REQ_MADV_FLAG,
                          &transparent_hugepage_flags);
                ret = 1;
        }
out:
        if (!ret)
                pr_warn("transparent_hugepage= cannot parse, ignored\n");
        return ret;
}
__setup("transparent_hugepage=", setup_transparent_hugepage);

pmd_t maybe_pmd_mkwrite(pmd_t pmd, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        if (likely(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE))
                pmd = pmd_mkwrite(pmd);
        return pmd;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
static inline
struct deferred_split *get_deferred_split_queue(struct folio *folio)
{
        struct mem_cgroup *memcg = folio_memcg(folio);
        struct pglist_data *pgdat = NODE_DATA(folio_nid(folio));

        if (memcg)
                return &memcg->deferred_split_queue;
        else
                return &pgdat->deferred_split_queue;
}
#else
static inline
struct deferred_split *get_deferred_split_queue(struct folio *folio)
{
        struct pglist_data *pgdat = NODE_DATA(folio_nid(folio));

        return &pgdat->deferred_split_queue;
}
#endif

void prep_transhuge_page(struct page *page)
{
        struct folio *folio = (struct folio *)page;

        VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_order(folio) < 2, folio);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&folio->_deferred_list);
        set_compound_page_dtor(page, TRANSHUGE_PAGE_DTOR);
}

static inline bool is_transparent_hugepage(struct page *page)
{
        struct folio *folio;

        if (!PageCompound(page))
                return false;

        folio = page_folio(page);
        return is_huge_zero_page(&folio->page) ||
               folio->_folio_dtor == TRANSHUGE_PAGE_DTOR;
}

static unsigned long __thp_get_unmapped_area(struct file *filp,
                unsigned long addr, unsigned long len,
                loff_t off, unsigned long flags, unsigned long size)
{
        loff_t off_end = off + len;
        loff_t off_align = round_up(off, size);
        unsigned long len_pad, ret;

        if (off_end <= off_align || (off_end - off_align) < size)
                return 0;

        len_pad = len + size;
        if (len_pad < len || (off + len_pad) < off)
                return 0;

        ret = current->mm->get_unmapped_area(filp, addr, len_pad,
                                              off >> PAGE_SHIFT, flags);

        /*
         * The failure might be due to length padding. The caller will retry
         * without the padding.
         */
        if (IS_ERR_VALUE(ret))
                return 0;

        /*
         * Do not try to align to THP boundary if allocation at the address
         * hint succeeds.
         */
        if (ret == addr)
                return addr;

        ret += (off - ret) & (size - 1);
        return ret;
}

unsigned long thp_get_unmapped_area(struct file *filp, unsigned long addr,
                unsigned long len, unsigned long pgoff, unsigned long flags)
{
        unsigned long ret;
        loff_t off = (loff_t)pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;

        ret = __thp_get_unmapped_area(filp, addr, len, off, flags, PMD_SIZE);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        return current->mm->get_unmapped_area(filp, addr, len, pgoff, flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(thp_get_unmapped_area);

static vm_fault_t __do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page(struct vm_fault *vmf,
                        struct page *page, gfp_t gfp)
{
        struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
        struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
        pgtable_t pgtable;
        unsigned long haddr = vmf->address & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
        vm_fault_t ret = 0;

        VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_large(folio), folio);

        if (mem_cgroup_charge(folio, vma->vm_mm, gfp)) {
                folio_put(folio);
                count_vm_event(THP_FAULT_FALLBACK);
                count_vm_event(THP_FAULT_FALLBACK_CHARGE);
                return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
        }
        folio_throttle_swaprate(folio, gfp);

        pgtable = pte_alloc_one(vma->vm_mm);
        if (unlikely(!pgtable)) {
                ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
                goto release;
        }

        clear_huge_page(page, vmf->address, HPAGE_PMD_NR);
        /*
         * The memory barrier inside __folio_mark_uptodate makes sure that
         * clear_huge_page writes become visible before the set_pmd_at()
         * write.
         */
        __folio_mark_uptodate(folio);

        vmf->ptl = pmd_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd);
        if (unlikely(!pmd_none(*vmf->pmd))) {
                goto unlock_release;
        } else {
                pmd_t entry;

                ret = check_stable_address_space(vma->vm_mm);
                if (ret)
                        goto unlock_release;

                /* Deliver the page fault to userland */
                if (userfaultfd_missing(vma)) {
                        spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
                        folio_put(folio);
                        pte_free(vma->vm_mm, pgtable);
                        ret = handle_userfault(vmf, VM_UFFD_MISSING);
                        VM_BUG_ON(ret & VM_FAULT_FALLBACK);
                        return ret;
                }

                entry = mk_huge_pmd(page, vma->vm_page_prot);
                entry = maybe_pmd_mkwrite(pmd_mkdirty(entry), vma);
                folio_add_new_anon_rmap(folio, vma, haddr);
                folio_add_lru_vma(folio, vma);
                pgtable_trans_huge_deposit(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd, pgtable);
                set_pmd_at(vma->vm_mm, haddr, vmf->pmd, entry);
                update_mmu_cache_pmd(vma, vmf->address, vmf->pmd);
                add_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES, HPAGE_PMD_NR);
                mm_inc_nr_ptes(vma->vm_mm);
                spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
                count_vm_event(THP_FAULT_ALLOC);
                count_memcg_event_mm(vma->vm_mm, THP_FAULT_ALLOC);
        }

        return 0;
unlock_release:
        spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
release:
        if (pgtable)
                pte_free(vma->vm_mm, pgtable);
        folio_put(folio);
        return ret;

}

/*
 * always: directly stall for all thp allocations
 * defer: wake kswapd and fail if not immediately available
 * defer+madvise: wake kswapd and directly stall for MADV_HUGEPAGE, otherwise
 *                fail if not immediately available
 * madvise: directly stall for MADV_HUGEPAGE, otherwise fail if not immediately
 *          available
 * never: never stall for any thp allocation
 */
gfp_t vma_thp_gfp_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        const bool vma_madvised = vma && (vma->vm_flags & VM_HUGEPAGE);

        /* Always do synchronous compaction */
        if (test_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_DIRECT_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags))
                return GFP_TRANSHUGE | (vma_madvised ? 0 : __GFP_NORETRY);

        /* Kick kcompactd and fail quickly */
        if (test_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags))
                return GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT | __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM;

        /* Synchronous compaction if madvised, otherwise kick kcompactd */
        if (test_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KSWAPD_OR_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags))
                return GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT |
                        (vma_madvised ? __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM :
                                        __GFP_KSWAPD_RECLAIM);

        /* Only do synchronous compaction if madvised */
        if (test_bit(TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_REQ_MADV_FLAG, &transparent_hugepage_flags))
                return GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT |
                       (vma_madvised ? __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM : 0);

        return GFP_TRANSHUGE_LIGHT;
}

/* Caller must hold page table lock. */
static void set_huge_zero_page(pgtable_t pgtable, struct mm_struct *mm,
                struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long haddr, pmd_t *pmd,
                struct page *zero_page)
{
        pmd_t entry;
        if (!pmd_none(*pmd))
                return;
        entry = mk_pmd(zero_page, vma->vm_page_prot);
        entry = pmd_mkhuge(entry);
        pgtable_trans_huge_deposit(mm, pmd, pgtable);
        set_pmd_at(mm, haddr, pmd, entry);
        mm_inc_nr_ptes(mm);
}

vm_fault_t do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
        struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
        gfp_t gfp;
        struct folio *folio;
        unsigned long haddr = vmf->address & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;

        if (!transhuge_vma_suitable(vma, haddr))
                return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
        if (unlikely(anon_vma_prepare(vma)))
                return VM_FAULT_OOM;
        khugepaged_enter_vma(vma, vma->vm_flags);

        if (!(vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) &&
                        !mm_forbids_zeropage(vma->vm_mm) &&
                        transparent_hugepage_use_zero_page()) {
                pgtable_t pgtable;
                struct page *zero_page;
                vm_fault_t ret;
                pgtable = pte_alloc_one(vma->vm_mm);
                if (unlikely(!pgtable))
                        return VM_FAULT_OOM;
                zero_page = mm_get_huge_zero_page(vma->vm_mm);
                if (unlikely(!zero_page)) {
                        pte_free(vma->vm_mm, pgtable);
                        count_vm_event(THP_FAULT_FALLBACK);
                        return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
                }
                vmf->ptl = pmd_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd);
                ret = 0;
                if (pmd_none(*vmf->pmd)) {
                        ret = check_stable_address_space(vma->vm_mm);
                        if (ret) {
                                spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
                                pte_free(vma->vm_mm, pgtable);
                        } else if (userfaultfd_missing(vma)) {
                                spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
                                pte_free(vma->vm_mm, pgtable);
                                ret = handle_userfault(vmf, VM_UFFD_MISSING);
                                VM_BUG_ON(ret & VM_FAULT_FALLBACK);
                        } else {
                                set_huge_zero_page(pgtable, vma->vm_mm, vma,
                                                   haddr, vmf->pmd, zero_page);
                                update_mmu_cache_pmd(vma, vmf->address, vmf->pmd);
                                spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
                        }
                } else {
                        spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
                        pte_free(vma->vm_mm, pgtable);
                }
                return ret;
        }
        gfp = vma_thp_gfp_mask(vma);
        folio = vma_alloc_folio(gfp, HPAGE_PMD_ORDER, vma, haddr, true);
        if (unlikely(!folio)) {
                count_vm_event(THP_FAULT_FALLBACK);
                return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
        }
        return __do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page(vmf, &folio->page, gfp);
}

static void insert_pfn_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
                pmd_t *pmd, pfn_t pfn, pgprot_t prot, bool write,
                pgtable_t pgtable)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        pmd_t entry;
        spinlock_t *ptl;

        ptl = pmd_lock(mm, pmd);
        if (!pmd_none(*pmd)) {
                if (write) {
                        if (pmd_pfn(*pmd) != pfn_t_to_pfn(pfn)) {
                                WARN_ON_ONCE(!is_huge_zero_pmd(*pmd));
                                goto out_unlock;
                        }
                        entry = pmd_mkyoung(*pmd);
                        entry = maybe_pmd_mkwrite(pmd_mkdirty(entry), vma);
                        if (pmdp_set_access_flags(vma, addr, pmd, entry, 1))
                                update_mmu_cache_pmd(vma, addr, pmd);
                }

                goto out_unlock;
        }

        entry = pmd_mkhuge(pfn_t_pmd(pfn, prot));
        if (pfn_t_devmap(pfn))
                entry = pmd_mkdevmap(entry);
        if (write) {
                entry = pmd_mkyoung(pmd_mkdirty(entry));
                entry = maybe_pmd_mkwrite(entry, vma);
        }

        if (pgtable) {
                pgtable_trans_huge_deposit(mm, pmd, pgtable);
                mm_inc_nr_ptes(mm);
                pgtable = NULL;
        }

        set_pmd_at(mm, addr, pmd, entry);
        update_mmu_cache_pmd(vma, addr, pmd);

out_unlock:
        spin_unlock(ptl);
        if (pgtable)
                pte_free(mm, pgtable);
}

/**
 * vmf_insert_pfn_pmd - insert a pmd size pfn
 * @vmf: Structure describing the fault
 * @pfn: pfn to insert
 * @write: whether it's a write fault
 *
 * Insert a pmd size pfn. See vmf_insert_pfn() for additional info.
 *
 * Return: vm_fault_t value.
 */
vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn_pmd(struct vm_fault *vmf, pfn_t pfn, bool write)
{
        unsigned long addr = vmf->address & PMD_MASK;
        struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
        pgprot_t pgprot = vma->vm_page_prot;
        pgtable_t pgtable = NULL;

        /*
         * If we had pmd_special, we could avoid all these restrictions,
         * but we need to be consistent with PTEs and architectures that
         * can't support a 'special' bit.
         */
        BUG_ON(!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) &&
                        !pfn_t_devmap(pfn));
        BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) ==
                                                (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP));
        BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP) && is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags));

        if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end)
                return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;

        if (arch_needs_pgtable_deposit()) {
                pgtable = pte_alloc_one(vma->vm_mm);
                if (!pgtable)
                        return VM_FAULT_OOM;
        }

        track_pfn_insert(vma, &pgprot, pfn);

        insert_pfn_pmd(vma, addr, vmf->pmd, pfn, pgprot, write, pgtable);
        return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vmf_insert_pfn_pmd);

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD
static pud_t maybe_pud_mkwrite(pud_t pud, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        if (likely(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE))
                pud = pud_mkwrite(pud);
        return pud;
}

static void insert_pfn_pud(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
                pud_t *pud, pfn_t pfn, bool write)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        pgprot_t prot = vma->vm_page_prot;
        pud_t entry;
        spinlock_t *ptl;

        ptl = pud_lock(mm, pud);
        if (!pud_none(*pud)) {
                if (write) {
                        if (pud_pfn(*pud) != pfn_t_to_pfn(pfn)) {
                                WARN_ON_ONCE(!is_huge_zero_pud(*pud));
                                goto out_unlock;
                        }
                        entry = pud_mkyoung(*pud);
                        entry = maybe_pud_mkwrite(pud_mkdirty(entry), vma);
                        if (pudp_set_access_flags(vma, addr, pud, entry, 1))
                                update_mmu_cache_pud(vma, addr, pud);
                }
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        entry = pud_mkhuge(pfn_t_pud(pfn, prot));
        if (pfn_t_devmap(pfn))
                entry = pud_mkdevmap(entry);
        if (write) {
                entry = pud_mkyoung(pud_mkdirty(entry));
                entry = maybe_pud_mkwrite(entry, vma);
        }
        set_pud_at(mm, addr, pud, entry);
        update_mmu_cache_pud(vma, addr, pud);

out_unlock:
        spin_unlock(ptl);
}

/**
 * vmf_insert_pfn_pud - insert a pud size pfn
 * @vmf: Structure describing the fault
 * @pfn: pfn to insert
 * @write: whether it's a write fault
 *
 * Insert a pud size pfn. See vmf_insert_pfn() for additional info.
 *
 * Return: vm_fault_t value.
 */
vm_fault_t vmf_insert_pfn_pud(struct vm_fault *vmf, pfn_t pfn, bool write)
{
        unsigned long addr = vmf->address & PUD_MASK;
        struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
        pgprot_t pgprot = vma->vm_page_prot;

        /*
         * If we had pud_special, we could avoid all these restrictions,
         * but we need to be consistent with PTEs and architectures that
         * can't support a 'special' bit.
         */
        BUG_ON(!(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) &&
                        !pfn_t_devmap(pfn));
        BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) ==
                                                (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP));
        BUG_ON((vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP) && is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags));

        if (addr < vma->vm_start || addr >= vma->vm_end)
                return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;

        track_pfn_insert(vma, &pgprot, pfn);

        insert_pfn_pud(vma, addr, vmf->pud, pfn, write);
        return VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vmf_insert_pfn_pud);
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD */

static void touch_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
                      pmd_t *pmd, bool write)
{
        pmd_t _pmd;

        _pmd = pmd_mkyoung(*pmd);
        if (write)
                _pmd = pmd_mkdirty(_pmd);
        if (pmdp_set_access_flags(vma, addr & HPAGE_PMD_MASK,
                                  pmd, _pmd, write))
                update_mmu_cache_pmd(vma, addr, pmd);
}

struct page *follow_devmap_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
                pmd_t *pmd, int flags, struct dev_pagemap **pgmap)
{
        unsigned long pfn = pmd_pfn(*pmd);
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        struct page *page;
        int ret;

        assert_spin_locked(pmd_lockptr(mm, pmd));

        if (flags & FOLL_WRITE && !pmd_write(*pmd))
                return NULL;

        if (pmd_present(*pmd) && pmd_devmap(*pmd))
                /* pass */;
        else
                return NULL;

        if (flags & FOLL_TOUCH)
                touch_pmd(vma, addr, pmd, flags & FOLL_WRITE);

        /*
         * device mapped pages can only be returned if the
         * caller will manage the page reference count.
         */
        if (!(flags & (FOLL_GET | FOLL_PIN)))
                return ERR_PTR(-EEXIST);

        pfn += (addr & ~PMD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        *pgmap = get_dev_pagemap(pfn, *pgmap);
        if (!*pgmap)
                return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
        page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
        ret = try_grab_page(page, flags);
        if (ret)
                page = ERR_PTR(ret);

        return page;
}

int copy_huge_pmd(struct mm_struct *dst_mm, struct mm_struct *src_mm,
                  pmd_t *dst_pmd, pmd_t *src_pmd, unsigned long addr,
                  struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma)
{
        spinlock_t *dst_ptl, *src_ptl;
        struct page *src_page;
        pmd_t pmd;
        pgtable_t pgtable = NULL;
        int ret = -ENOMEM;

        /* Skip if can be re-fill on fault */
        if (!vma_is_anonymous(dst_vma))
                return 0;

        pgtable = pte_alloc_one(dst_mm);
        if (unlikely(!pgtable))
                goto out;

        dst_ptl = pmd_lock(dst_mm, dst_pmd);
        src_ptl = pmd_lockptr(src_mm, src_pmd);
        spin_lock_nested(src_ptl, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);

        ret = -EAGAIN;
        pmd = *src_pmd;

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION
        if (unlikely(is_swap_pmd(pmd))) {
                swp_entry_t entry = pmd_to_swp_entry(pmd);

                VM_BUG_ON(!is_pmd_migration_entry(pmd));
                if (!is_readable_migration_entry(entry)) {
                        entry = make_readable_migration_entry(
                                                        swp_offset(entry));
                        pmd = swp_entry_to_pmd(entry);
                        if (pmd_swp_soft_dirty(*src_pmd))
                                pmd = pmd_swp_mksoft_dirty(pmd);
                        if (pmd_swp_uffd_wp(*src_pmd))
                                pmd = pmd_swp_mkuffd_wp(pmd);
                        set_pmd_at(src_mm, addr, src_pmd, pmd);
                }
                add_mm_counter(dst_mm, MM_ANONPAGES, HPAGE_PMD_NR);
                mm_inc_nr_ptes(dst_mm);
                pgtable_trans_huge_deposit(dst_mm, dst_pmd, pgtable);
                if (!userfaultfd_wp(dst_vma))
                        pmd = pmd_swp_clear_uffd_wp(pmd);
                set_pmd_at(dst_mm, addr, dst_pmd, pmd);
                ret = 0;
                goto out_unlock;
        }
#endif

        if (unlikely(!pmd_trans_huge(pmd))) {
                pte_free(dst_mm, pgtable);
                goto out_unlock;
        }
        /*
         * When page table lock is held, the huge zero pmd should not be
         * under splitting since we don't split the page itself, only pmd to
         * a page table.
         */
        if (is_huge_zero_pmd(pmd)) {
                /*
                 * get_huge_zero_page() will never allocate a new page here,
                 * since we already have a zero page to copy. It just takes a
                 * reference.
                 */
                mm_get_huge_zero_page(dst_mm);
                goto out_zero_page;
        }

        src_page = pmd_page(pmd);
        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(src_page), src_page);

        get_page(src_page);
        if (unlikely(page_try_dup_anon_rmap(src_page, true, src_vma))) {
                /* Page maybe pinned: split and retry the fault on PTEs. */
                put_page(src_page);
                pte_free(dst_mm, pgtable);
                spin_unlock(src_ptl);
                spin_unlock(dst_ptl);
                __split_huge_pmd(src_vma, src_pmd, addr, false, NULL);
                return -EAGAIN;
        }
        add_mm_counter(dst_mm, MM_ANONPAGES, HPAGE_PMD_NR);
out_zero_page:
        mm_inc_nr_ptes(dst_mm);
        pgtable_trans_huge_deposit(dst_mm, dst_pmd, pgtable);
        pmdp_set_wrprotect(src_mm, addr, src_pmd);
        if (!userfaultfd_wp(dst_vma))
                pmd = pmd_clear_uffd_wp(pmd);
        pmd = pmd_mkold(pmd_wrprotect(pmd));
        set_pmd_at(dst_mm, addr, dst_pmd, pmd);

        ret = 0;
out_unlock:
        spin_unlock(src_ptl);
        spin_unlock(dst_ptl);
out:
        return ret;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD
static void touch_pud(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
                      pud_t *pud, bool write)
{
        pud_t _pud;

        _pud = pud_mkyoung(*pud);
        if (write)
                _pud = pud_mkdirty(_pud);
        if (pudp_set_access_flags(vma, addr & HPAGE_PUD_MASK,
                                  pud, _pud, write))
                update_mmu_cache_pud(vma, addr, pud);
}

struct page *follow_devmap_pud(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
                pud_t *pud, int flags, struct dev_pagemap **pgmap)
{
        unsigned long pfn = pud_pfn(*pud);
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        struct page *page;
        int ret;

        assert_spin_locked(pud_lockptr(mm, pud));

        if (flags & FOLL_WRITE && !pud_write(*pud))
                return NULL;

        if (pud_present(*pud) && pud_devmap(*pud))
                /* pass */;
        else
                return NULL;

        if (flags & FOLL_TOUCH)
                touch_pud(vma, addr, pud, flags & FOLL_WRITE);

        /*
         * device mapped pages can only be returned if the
         * caller will manage the page reference count.
         *
         * At least one of FOLL_GET | FOLL_PIN must be set, so assert that here:
         */
        if (!(flags & (FOLL_GET | FOLL_PIN)))
                return ERR_PTR(-EEXIST);

        pfn += (addr & ~PUD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        *pgmap = get_dev_pagemap(pfn, *pgmap);
        if (!*pgmap)
                return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
        page = pfn_to_page(pfn);

        ret = try_grab_page(page, flags);
        if (ret)
                page = ERR_PTR(ret);

        return page;
}

int copy_huge_pud(struct mm_struct *dst_mm, struct mm_struct *src_mm,
                  pud_t *dst_pud, pud_t *src_pud, unsigned long addr,
                  struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        spinlock_t *dst_ptl, *src_ptl;
        pud_t pud;
        int ret;

        dst_ptl = pud_lock(dst_mm, dst_pud);
        src_ptl = pud_lockptr(src_mm, src_pud);
        spin_lock_nested(src_ptl, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);

        ret = -EAGAIN;
        pud = *src_pud;
        if (unlikely(!pud_trans_huge(pud) && !pud_devmap(pud)))
                goto out_unlock;

        /*
         * When page table lock is held, the huge zero pud should not be
         * under splitting since we don't split the page itself, only pud to
         * a page table.
         */
        if (is_huge_zero_pud(pud)) {
                /* No huge zero pud yet */
        }

        /*
         * TODO: once we support anonymous pages, use page_try_dup_anon_rmap()
         * and split if duplicating fails.
         */
        pudp_set_wrprotect(src_mm, addr, src_pud);
        pud = pud_mkold(pud_wrprotect(pud));
        set_pud_at(dst_mm, addr, dst_pud, pud);

        ret = 0;
out_unlock:
        spin_unlock(src_ptl);
        spin_unlock(dst_ptl);
        return ret;
}

void huge_pud_set_accessed(struct vm_fault *vmf, pud_t orig_pud)
{
        bool write = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;

        vmf->ptl = pud_lock(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->pud);
        if (unlikely(!pud_same(*vmf->pud, orig_pud)))
                goto unlock;

        touch_pud(vmf->vma, vmf->address, vmf->pud, write);
unlock:
        spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD */

void huge_pmd_set_accessed(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
        bool write = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;

        vmf->ptl = pmd_lock(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd);
        if (unlikely(!pmd_same(*vmf->pmd, vmf->orig_pmd)))
                goto unlock;

        touch_pmd(vmf->vma, vmf->address, vmf->pmd, write);

unlock:
        spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
}

vm_fault_t do_huge_pmd_wp_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
        const bool unshare = vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE;
        struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
        struct folio *folio;
        struct page *page;
        unsigned long haddr = vmf->address & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
        pmd_t orig_pmd = vmf->orig_pmd;

        vmf->ptl = pmd_lockptr(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd);
        VM_BUG_ON_VMA(!vma->anon_vma, vma);

        if (is_huge_zero_pmd(orig_pmd))
                goto fallback;

        spin_lock(vmf->ptl);

        if (unlikely(!pmd_same(*vmf->pmd, orig_pmd))) {
                spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
                return 0;
        }

        page = pmd_page(orig_pmd);
        folio = page_folio(page);
        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(page), page);

        /* Early check when only holding the PT lock. */
        if (PageAnonExclusive(page))
                goto reuse;

        if (!folio_trylock(folio)) {
                folio_get(folio);
                spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
                folio_lock(folio);
                spin_lock(vmf->ptl);
                if (unlikely(!pmd_same(*vmf->pmd, orig_pmd))) {
                        spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
                        folio_unlock(folio);
                        folio_put(folio);
                        return 0;
                }
                folio_put(folio);
        }

        /* Recheck after temporarily dropping the PT lock. */
        if (PageAnonExclusive(page)) {
                folio_unlock(folio);
                goto reuse;
        }

        /*
         * See do_wp_page(): we can only reuse the folio exclusively if
         * there are no additional references. Note that we always drain
         * the LRU pagevecs immediately after adding a THP.
         */
        if (folio_ref_count(folio) >
                        1 + folio_test_swapcache(folio) * folio_nr_pages(folio))
                goto unlock_fallback;
        if (folio_test_swapcache(folio))
                folio_free_swap(folio);
        if (folio_ref_count(folio) == 1) {
                pmd_t entry;

                page_move_anon_rmap(page, vma);
                folio_unlock(folio);
reuse:
                if (unlikely(unshare)) {
                        spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
                        return 0;
                }
                entry = pmd_mkyoung(orig_pmd);
                entry = maybe_pmd_mkwrite(pmd_mkdirty(entry), vma);
                if (pmdp_set_access_flags(vma, haddr, vmf->pmd, entry, 1))
                        update_mmu_cache_pmd(vma, vmf->address, vmf->pmd);
                spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
                return 0;
        }

unlock_fallback:
        folio_unlock(folio);
        spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
fallback:
        __split_huge_pmd(vma, vmf->pmd, vmf->address, false, NULL);
        return VM_FAULT_FALLBACK;
}

static inline bool can_change_pmd_writable(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                           unsigned long addr, pmd_t pmd)
{
        struct page *page;

        if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)))
                return false;

        /* Don't touch entries that are not even readable (NUMA hinting). */
        if (pmd_protnone(pmd))
                return false;

        /* Do we need write faults for softdirty tracking? */
        if (vma_soft_dirty_enabled(vma) && !pmd_soft_dirty(pmd))
                return false;

        /* Do we need write faults for uffd-wp tracking? */
        if (userfaultfd_huge_pmd_wp(vma, pmd))
                return false;

        if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)) {
                /* See can_change_pte_writable(). */
                page = vm_normal_page_pmd(vma, addr, pmd);
                return page && PageAnon(page) && PageAnonExclusive(page);
        }

        /* See can_change_pte_writable(). */
        return pmd_dirty(pmd);
}

/* FOLL_FORCE can write to even unwritable PMDs in COW mappings. */
static inline bool can_follow_write_pmd(pmd_t pmd, struct page *page,
                                        struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                        unsigned int flags)
{
        /* If the pmd is writable, we can write to the page. */
        if (pmd_write(pmd))
                return true;

        /* Maybe FOLL_FORCE is set to override it? */
        if (!(flags & FOLL_FORCE))
                return false;

        /* But FOLL_FORCE has no effect on shared mappings */
        if (vma->vm_flags & (VM_MAYSHARE | VM_SHARED))
                return false;

        /* ... or read-only private ones */
        if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYWRITE))
                return false;

        /* ... or already writable ones that just need to take a write fault */
        if (vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)
                return false;

        /*
         * See can_change_pte_writable(): we broke COW and could map the page
         * writable if we have an exclusive anonymous page ...
         */
        if (!page || !PageAnon(page) || !PageAnonExclusive(page))
                return false;

        /* ... and a write-fault isn't required for other reasons. */
        if (vma_soft_dirty_enabled(vma) && !pmd_soft_dirty(pmd))
                return false;
        return !userfaultfd_huge_pmd_wp(vma, pmd);
}

struct page *follow_trans_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                   unsigned long addr,
                                   pmd_t *pmd,
                                   unsigned int flags)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        struct page *page;
        int ret;

        assert_spin_locked(pmd_lockptr(mm, pmd));

        page = pmd_page(*pmd);
        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(page) && !is_zone_device_page(page), page);

        if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) &&
            !can_follow_write_pmd(*pmd, page, vma, flags))
                return NULL;

        /* Avoid dumping huge zero page */
        if ((flags & FOLL_DUMP) && is_huge_zero_pmd(*pmd))
                return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);

        /* Full NUMA hinting faults to serialise migration in fault paths */
        if (pmd_protnone(*pmd) && !gup_can_follow_protnone(flags))
                return NULL;

        if (!pmd_write(*pmd) && gup_must_unshare(vma, flags, page))
                return ERR_PTR(-EMLINK);

        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE((flags & FOLL_PIN) && PageAnon(page) &&
                        !PageAnonExclusive(page), page);

        ret = try_grab_page(page, flags);
        if (ret)
                return ERR_PTR(ret);

        if (flags & FOLL_TOUCH)
                touch_pmd(vma, addr, pmd, flags & FOLL_WRITE);

        page += (addr & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageCompound(page) && !is_zone_device_page(page), page);

        return page;
}

/* NUMA hinting page fault entry point for trans huge pmds */
vm_fault_t do_huge_pmd_numa_page(struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
        struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
        pmd_t oldpmd = vmf->orig_pmd;
        pmd_t pmd;
        struct page *page;
        unsigned long haddr = vmf->address & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
        int page_nid = NUMA_NO_NODE;
        int target_nid, last_cpupid = (-1 & LAST_CPUPID_MASK);
        bool migrated = false, writable = false;
        int flags = 0;

        vmf->ptl = pmd_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd);
        if (unlikely(!pmd_same(oldpmd, *vmf->pmd))) {
                spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
                goto out;
        }

        pmd = pmd_modify(oldpmd, vma->vm_page_prot);

        /*
         * Detect now whether the PMD could be writable; this information
         * is only valid while holding the PT lock.
         */
        writable = pmd_write(pmd);
        if (!writable && vma_wants_manual_pte_write_upgrade(vma) &&
            can_change_pmd_writable(vma, vmf->address, pmd))
                writable = true;

        page = vm_normal_page_pmd(vma, haddr, pmd);
        if (!page)
                goto out_map;

        /* See similar comment in do_numa_page for explanation */
        if (!writable)
                flags |= TNF_NO_GROUP;

        page_nid = page_to_nid(page);
        /*
         * For memory tiering mode, cpupid of slow memory page is used
         * to record page access time.  So use default value.
         */
        if (node_is_toptier(page_nid))
                last_cpupid = page_cpupid_last(page);
        target_nid = numa_migrate_prep(page, vma, haddr, page_nid,
                                       &flags);

        if (target_nid == NUMA_NO_NODE) {
                put_page(page);
                goto out_map;
        }

        spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
        writable = false;

        migrated = migrate_misplaced_page(page, vma, target_nid);
        if (migrated) {
                flags |= TNF_MIGRATED;
                page_nid = target_nid;
        } else {
                flags |= TNF_MIGRATE_FAIL;
                vmf->ptl = pmd_lock(vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd);
                if (unlikely(!pmd_same(oldpmd, *vmf->pmd))) {
                        spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
                        goto out;
                }
                goto out_map;
        }

out:
        if (page_nid != NUMA_NO_NODE)
                task_numa_fault(last_cpupid, page_nid, HPAGE_PMD_NR,
                                flags);

        return 0;

out_map:
        /* Restore the PMD */
        pmd = pmd_modify(oldpmd, vma->vm_page_prot);
        pmd = pmd_mkyoung(pmd);
        if (writable)
                pmd = pmd_mkwrite(pmd);
        set_pmd_at(vma->vm_mm, haddr, vmf->pmd, pmd);
        update_mmu_cache_pmd(vma, vmf->address, vmf->pmd);
        spin_unlock(vmf->ptl);
        goto out;
}

/*
 * Return true if we do MADV_FREE successfully on entire pmd page.
 * Otherwise, return false.
 */
bool madvise_free_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long next)
{
        spinlock_t *ptl;
        pmd_t orig_pmd;
        struct folio *folio;
        struct mm_struct *mm = tlb->mm;
        bool ret = false;

        tlb_change_page_size(tlb, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);

        ptl = pmd_trans_huge_lock(pmd, vma);
        if (!ptl)
                goto out_unlocked;

        orig_pmd = *pmd;
        if (is_huge_zero_pmd(orig_pmd))
                goto out;

        if (unlikely(!pmd_present(orig_pmd))) {
                VM_BUG_ON(thp_migration_supported() &&
                                  !is_pmd_migration_entry(orig_pmd));
                goto out;
        }

        folio = pfn_folio(pmd_pfn(orig_pmd));
        /*
         * If other processes are mapping this folio, we couldn't discard
         * the folio unless they all do MADV_FREE so let's skip the folio.
         */
        if (folio_mapcount(folio) != 1)
                goto out;

        if (!folio_trylock(folio))
                goto out;

        /*
         * If user want to discard part-pages of THP, split it so MADV_FREE
         * will deactivate only them.
         */
        if (next - addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
                folio_get(folio);
                spin_unlock(ptl);
                split_folio(folio);
                folio_unlock(folio);
                folio_put(folio);
                goto out_unlocked;
        }

        if (folio_test_dirty(folio))
                folio_clear_dirty(folio);
        folio_unlock(folio);

        if (pmd_young(orig_pmd) || pmd_dirty(orig_pmd)) {
                pmdp_invalidate(vma, addr, pmd);
                orig_pmd = pmd_mkold(orig_pmd);
                orig_pmd = pmd_mkclean(orig_pmd);

                set_pmd_at(mm, addr, pmd, orig_pmd);
                tlb_remove_pmd_tlb_entry(tlb, pmd, addr);
        }

        folio_mark_lazyfree(folio);
        ret = true;
out:
        spin_unlock(ptl);
out_unlocked:
        return ret;
}

static inline void zap_deposited_table(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd)
{
        pgtable_t pgtable;

        pgtable = pgtable_trans_huge_withdraw(mm, pmd);
        pte_free(mm, pgtable);
        mm_dec_nr_ptes(mm);
}

int zap_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                 pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr)
{
        pmd_t orig_pmd;
        spinlock_t *ptl;

        tlb_change_page_size(tlb, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);

        ptl = __pmd_trans_huge_lock(pmd, vma);
        if (!ptl)
                return 0;
        /*
         * For architectures like ppc64 we look at deposited pgtable
         * when calling pmdp_huge_get_and_clear. So do the
         * pgtable_trans_huge_withdraw after finishing pmdp related
         * operations.
         */
        orig_pmd = pmdp_huge_get_and_clear_full(vma, addr, pmd,
                                                tlb->fullmm);
        tlb_remove_pmd_tlb_entry(tlb, pmd, addr);
        if (vma_is_special_huge(vma)) {
                if (arch_needs_pgtable_deposit())
                        zap_deposited_table(tlb->mm, pmd);
                spin_unlock(ptl);
        } else if (is_huge_zero_pmd(orig_pmd)) {
                zap_deposited_table(tlb->mm, pmd);
                spin_unlock(ptl);
        } else {
                struct page *page = NULL;
                int flush_needed = 1;

                if (pmd_present(orig_pmd)) {
                        page = pmd_page(orig_pmd);
                        page_remove_rmap(page, vma, true);
                        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_mapcount(page) < 0, page);
                        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(page), page);
                } else if (thp_migration_supported()) {
                        swp_entry_t entry;

                        VM_BUG_ON(!is_pmd_migration_entry(orig_pmd));
                        entry = pmd_to_swp_entry(orig_pmd);
                        page = pfn_swap_entry_to_page(entry);
                        flush_needed = 0;
                } else
                        WARN_ONCE(1, "Non present huge pmd without pmd migration enabled!");

                if (PageAnon(page)) {
                        zap_deposited_table(tlb->mm, pmd);
                        add_mm_counter(tlb->mm, MM_ANONPAGES, -HPAGE_PMD_NR);
                } else {
                        if (arch_needs_pgtable_deposit())
                                zap_deposited_table(tlb->mm, pmd);
                        add_mm_counter(tlb->mm, mm_counter_file(page), -HPAGE_PMD_NR);
                }

                spin_unlock(ptl);
                if (flush_needed)
                        tlb_remove_page_size(tlb, page, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
        }
        return 1;
}

#ifndef pmd_move_must_withdraw
static inline int pmd_move_must_withdraw(spinlock_t *new_pmd_ptl,
                                         spinlock_t *old_pmd_ptl,
                                         struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        /*
         * With split pmd lock we also need to move preallocated
         * PTE page table if new_pmd is on different PMD page table.
         *
         * We also don't deposit and withdraw tables for file pages.
         */
        return (new_pmd_ptl != old_pmd_ptl) && vma_is_anonymous(vma);
}
#endif

static pmd_t move_soft_dirty_pmd(pmd_t pmd)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_MEM_SOFT_DIRTY
        if (unlikely(is_pmd_migration_entry(pmd)))
                pmd = pmd_swp_mksoft_dirty(pmd);
        else if (pmd_present(pmd))
                pmd = pmd_mksoft_dirty(pmd);
#endif
        return pmd;
}

bool move_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long old_addr,
                  unsigned long new_addr, pmd_t *old_pmd, pmd_t *new_pmd)
{
        spinlock_t *old_ptl, *new_ptl;
        pmd_t pmd;
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        bool force_flush = false;

        /*
         * The destination pmd shouldn't be established, free_pgtables()
         * should have release it.
         */
        if (WARN_ON(!pmd_none(*new_pmd))) {
                VM_BUG_ON(pmd_trans_huge(*new_pmd));
                return false;
        }

        /*
         * We don't have to worry about the ordering of src and dst
         * ptlocks because exclusive mmap_lock prevents deadlock.
         */
        old_ptl = __pmd_trans_huge_lock(old_pmd, vma);
        if (old_ptl) {
                new_ptl = pmd_lockptr(mm, new_pmd);
                if (new_ptl != old_ptl)
                        spin_lock_nested(new_ptl, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
                pmd = pmdp_huge_get_and_clear(mm, old_addr, old_pmd);
                if (pmd_present(pmd))
                        force_flush = true;
                VM_BUG_ON(!pmd_none(*new_pmd));

                if (pmd_move_must_withdraw(new_ptl, old_ptl, vma)) {
                        pgtable_t pgtable;
                        pgtable = pgtable_trans_huge_withdraw(mm, old_pmd);
                        pgtable_trans_huge_deposit(mm, new_pmd, pgtable);
                }
                pmd = move_soft_dirty_pmd(pmd);
                set_pmd_at(mm, new_addr, new_pmd, pmd);
                if (force_flush)
                        flush_pmd_tlb_range(vma, old_addr, old_addr + PMD_SIZE);
                if (new_ptl != old_ptl)
                        spin_unlock(new_ptl);
                spin_unlock(old_ptl);
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

/*
 * Returns
 *  - 0 if PMD could not be locked
 *  - 1 if PMD was locked but protections unchanged and TLB flush unnecessary
 *      or if prot_numa but THP migration is not supported
 *  - HPAGE_PMD_NR if protections changed and TLB flush necessary
 */
int change_huge_pmd(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                    pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, pgprot_t newprot,
                    unsigned long cp_flags)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        spinlock_t *ptl;
        pmd_t oldpmd, entry;
        bool prot_numa = cp_flags & MM_CP_PROT_NUMA;
        bool uffd_wp = cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP;
        bool uffd_wp_resolve = cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP_RESOLVE;
        int ret = 1;

        tlb_change_page_size(tlb, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);

        if (prot_numa && !thp_migration_supported())
                return 1;

        ptl = __pmd_trans_huge_lock(pmd, vma);
        if (!ptl)
                return 0;

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION
        if (is_swap_pmd(*pmd)) {
                swp_entry_t entry = pmd_to_swp_entry(*pmd);
                struct page *page = pfn_swap_entry_to_page(entry);
                pmd_t newpmd;

                VM_BUG_ON(!is_pmd_migration_entry(*pmd));
                if (is_writable_migration_entry(entry)) {
                        /*
                         * A protection check is difficult so
                         * just be safe and disable write
                         */
                        if (PageAnon(page))
                                entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(swp_offset(entry));
                        else
                                entry = make_readable_migration_entry(swp_offset(entry));
                        newpmd = swp_entry_to_pmd(entry);
                        if (pmd_swp_soft_dirty(*pmd))
                                newpmd = pmd_swp_mksoft_dirty(newpmd);
                } else {
                        newpmd = *pmd;
                }

                if (uffd_wp)
                        newpmd = pmd_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpmd);
                else if (uffd_wp_resolve)
                        newpmd = pmd_swp_clear_uffd_wp(newpmd);
                if (!pmd_same(*pmd, newpmd))
                        set_pmd_at(mm, addr, pmd, newpmd);
                goto unlock;
        }
#endif

        if (prot_numa) {
                struct page *page;
                bool toptier;
                /*
                 * Avoid trapping faults against the zero page. The read-only
                 * data is likely to be read-cached on the local CPU and
                 * local/remote hits to the zero page are not interesting.
                 */
                if (is_huge_zero_pmd(*pmd))
                        goto unlock;

                if (pmd_protnone(*pmd))
                        goto unlock;

                page = pmd_page(*pmd);
                toptier = node_is_toptier(page_to_nid(page));
                /*
                 * Skip scanning top tier node if normal numa
                 * balancing is disabled
                 */
                if (!(sysctl_numa_balancing_mode & NUMA_BALANCING_NORMAL) &&
                    toptier)
                        goto unlock;

                if (sysctl_numa_balancing_mode & NUMA_BALANCING_MEMORY_TIERING &&
                    !toptier)
                        xchg_page_access_time(page, jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies));
        }
        /*
         * In case prot_numa, we are under mmap_read_lock(mm). It's critical
         * to not clear pmd intermittently to avoid race with MADV_DONTNEED
         * which is also under mmap_read_lock(mm):
         *
         *      CPU0:                           CPU1:
         *                              change_huge_pmd(prot_numa=1)
         *                               pmdp_huge_get_and_clear_notify()
         * madvise_dontneed()
         *  zap_pmd_range()
         *   pmd_trans_huge(*pmd) == 0 (without ptl)
         *   // skip the pmd
         *                               set_pmd_at();
         *                               // pmd is re-established
         *
         * The race makes MADV_DONTNEED miss the huge pmd and don't clear it
         * which may break userspace.
         *
         * pmdp_invalidate_ad() is required to make sure we don't miss
         * dirty/young flags set by hardware.
         */
        oldpmd = pmdp_invalidate_ad(vma, addr, pmd);

        entry = pmd_modify(oldpmd, newprot);
        if (uffd_wp)
                entry = pmd_mkuffd_wp(entry);
        else if (uffd_wp_resolve)
                /*
                 * Leave the write bit to be handled by PF interrupt
                 * handler, then things like COW could be properly
                 * handled.
                 */
                entry = pmd_clear_uffd_wp(entry);

        /* See change_pte_range(). */
        if ((cp_flags & MM_CP_TRY_CHANGE_WRITABLE) && !pmd_write(entry) &&
            can_change_pmd_writable(vma, addr, entry))
                entry = pmd_mkwrite(entry);

        ret = HPAGE_PMD_NR;
        set_pmd_at(mm, addr, pmd, entry);

        if (huge_pmd_needs_flush(oldpmd, entry))
                tlb_flush_pmd_range(tlb, addr, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
unlock:
        spin_unlock(ptl);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Returns page table lock pointer if a given pmd maps a thp, NULL otherwise.
 *
 * Note that if it returns page table lock pointer, this routine returns without
 * unlocking page table lock. So callers must unlock it.
 */
spinlock_t *__pmd_trans_huge_lock(pmd_t *pmd, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        spinlock_t *ptl;
        ptl = pmd_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
        if (likely(is_swap_pmd(*pmd) || pmd_trans_huge(*pmd) ||
                        pmd_devmap(*pmd)))
                return ptl;
        spin_unlock(ptl);
        return NULL;
}

/*
 * Returns page table lock pointer if a given pud maps a thp, NULL otherwise.
 *
 * Note that if it returns page table lock pointer, this routine returns without
 * unlocking page table lock. So callers must unlock it.
 */
spinlock_t *__pud_trans_huge_lock(pud_t *pud, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        spinlock_t *ptl;

        ptl = pud_lock(vma->vm_mm, pud);
        if (likely(pud_trans_huge(*pud) || pud_devmap(*pud)))
                return ptl;
        spin_unlock(ptl);
        return NULL;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD
int zap_huge_pud(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                 pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr)
{
        spinlock_t *ptl;

        ptl = __pud_trans_huge_lock(pud, vma);
        if (!ptl)
                return 0;

        pudp_huge_get_and_clear_full(tlb->mm, addr, pud, tlb->fullmm);
        tlb_remove_pud_tlb_entry(tlb, pud, addr);
        if (vma_is_special_huge(vma)) {
                spin_unlock(ptl);
                /* No zero page support yet */
        } else {
                /* No support for anonymous PUD pages yet */
                BUG();
        }
        return 1;
}

static void __split_huge_pud_locked(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pud_t *pud,
                unsigned long haddr)
{
        VM_BUG_ON(haddr & ~HPAGE_PUD_MASK);
        VM_BUG_ON_VMA(vma->vm_start > haddr, vma);
        VM_BUG_ON_VMA(vma->vm_end < haddr + HPAGE_PUD_SIZE, vma);
        VM_BUG_ON(!pud_trans_huge(*pud) && !pud_devmap(*pud));

        count_vm_event(THP_SPLIT_PUD);

        pudp_huge_clear_flush_notify(vma, haddr, pud);
}

void __split_huge_pud(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pud_t *pud,
                unsigned long address)
{
        spinlock_t *ptl;
        struct mmu_notifier_range range;

        mmu_notifier_range_init(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_CLEAR, 0, vma->vm_mm,
                                address & HPAGE_PUD_MASK,
                                (address & HPAGE_PUD_MASK) + HPAGE_PUD_SIZE);
        mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
        ptl = pud_lock(vma->vm_mm, pud);
        if (unlikely(!pud_trans_huge(*pud) && !pud_devmap(*pud)))
                goto out;
        __split_huge_pud_locked(vma, pud, range.start);

out:
        spin_unlock(ptl);
        /*
         * No need to double call mmu_notifier->invalidate_range() callback as
         * the above pudp_huge_clear_flush_notify() did already call it.
         */
        mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_only_end(&range);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_PUD */

static void __split_huge_zero_page_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                unsigned long haddr, pmd_t *pmd)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        pgtable_t pgtable;
        pmd_t _pmd, old_pmd;
        int i;

        /*
         * Leave pmd empty until pte is filled note that it is fine to delay
         * notification until mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end() as we are
         * replacing a zero pmd write protected page with a zero pte write
         * protected page.
         *
         * See Documentation/mm/mmu_notifier.rst
         */
        old_pmd = pmdp_huge_clear_flush(vma, haddr, pmd);

        pgtable = pgtable_trans_huge_withdraw(mm, pmd);
        pmd_populate(mm, &_pmd, pgtable);

        for (i = 0; i < HPAGE_PMD_NR; i++, haddr += PAGE_SIZE) {
                pte_t *pte, entry;
                entry = pfn_pte(my_zero_pfn(haddr), vma->vm_page_prot);
                entry = pte_mkspecial(entry);
                if (pmd_uffd_wp(old_pmd))
                        entry = pte_mkuffd_wp(entry);
                pte = pte_offset_map(&_pmd, haddr);
                VM_BUG_ON(!pte_none(*pte));
                set_pte_at(mm, haddr, pte, entry);
                pte_unmap(pte);
        }
        smp_wmb(); /* make pte visible before pmd */
        pmd_populate(mm, pmd, pgtable);
}

static void __split_huge_pmd_locked(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
                unsigned long haddr, bool freeze)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        struct page *page;
        pgtable_t pgtable;
        pmd_t old_pmd, _pmd;
        bool young, write, soft_dirty, pmd_migration = false, uffd_wp = false;
        bool anon_exclusive = false, dirty = false;
        unsigned long addr;
        int i;

        VM_BUG_ON(haddr & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK);
        VM_BUG_ON_VMA(vma->vm_start > haddr, vma);
        VM_BUG_ON_VMA(vma->vm_end < haddr + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE, vma);
        VM_BUG_ON(!is_pmd_migration_entry(*pmd) && !pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)
                                && !pmd_devmap(*pmd));

        count_vm_event(THP_SPLIT_PMD);

        if (!vma_is_anonymous(vma)) {
                old_pmd = pmdp_huge_clear_flush_notify(vma, haddr, pmd);
                /*
                 * We are going to unmap this huge page. So
                 * just go ahead and zap it
                 */
                if (arch_needs_pgtable_deposit())
                        zap_deposited_table(mm, pmd);
                if (vma_is_special_huge(vma))
                        return;
                if (unlikely(is_pmd_migration_entry(old_pmd))) {
                        swp_entry_t entry;

                        entry = pmd_to_swp_entry(old_pmd);
                        page = pfn_swap_entry_to_page(entry);
                } else {
                        page = pmd_page(old_pmd);
                        if (!PageDirty(page) && pmd_dirty(old_pmd))
                                set_page_dirty(page);
                        if (!PageReferenced(page) && pmd_young(old_pmd))
                                SetPageReferenced(page);
                        page_remove_rmap(page, vma, true);
                        put_page(page);
                }
                add_mm_counter(mm, mm_counter_file(page), -HPAGE_PMD_NR);
                return;
        }

        if (is_huge_zero_pmd(*pmd)) {
                /*
                 * FIXME: Do we want to invalidate secondary mmu by calling
                 * mmu_notifier_invalidate_range() see comments below inside
                 * __split_huge_pmd() ?
                 *
                 * We are going from a zero huge page write protected to zero
                 * small page also write protected so it does not seems useful
                 * to invalidate secondary mmu at this time.
                 */
                return __split_huge_zero_page_pmd(vma, haddr, pmd);
        }

        /*
         * Up to this point the pmd is present and huge and userland has the
         * whole access to the hugepage during the split (which happens in
         * place). If we overwrite the pmd with the not-huge version pointing
         * to the pte here (which of course we could if all CPUs were bug
         * free), userland could trigger a small page size TLB miss on the
         * small sized TLB while the hugepage TLB entry is still established in
         * the huge TLB. Some CPU doesn't like that.
         * See http://support.amd.com/TechDocs/41322_10h_Rev_Gd.pdf, Erratum
         * 383 on page 105. Intel should be safe but is also warns that it's
         * only safe if the permission and cache attributes of the two entries
         * loaded in the two TLB is identical (which should be the case here).
         * But it is generally safer to never allow small and huge TLB entries
         * for the same virtual address to be loaded simultaneously. So instead
         * of doing "pmd_populate(); flush_pmd_tlb_range();" we first mark the
         * current pmd notpresent (atomically because here the pmd_trans_huge
         * must remain set at all times on the pmd until the split is complete
         * for this pmd), then we flush the SMP TLB and finally we write the
         * non-huge version of the pmd entry with pmd_populate.
         */
        old_pmd = pmdp_invalidate(vma, haddr, pmd);

        pmd_migration = is_pmd_migration_entry(old_pmd);
        if (unlikely(pmd_migration)) {
                swp_entry_t entry;

                entry = pmd_to_swp_entry(old_pmd);
                page = pfn_swap_entry_to_page(entry);
                write = is_writable_migration_entry(entry);
                if (PageAnon(page))
                        anon_exclusive = is_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(entry);
                young = is_migration_entry_young(entry);
                dirty = is_migration_entry_dirty(entry);
                soft_dirty = pmd_swp_soft_dirty(old_pmd);
                uffd_wp = pmd_swp_uffd_wp(old_pmd);
        } else {
                page = pmd_page(old_pmd);
                if (pmd_dirty(old_pmd)) {
                        dirty = true;
                        SetPageDirty(page);
                }
                write = pmd_write(old_pmd);
                young = pmd_young(old_pmd);
                soft_dirty = pmd_soft_dirty(old_pmd);
                uffd_wp = pmd_uffd_wp(old_pmd);

                VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!page_count(page), page);

                /*
                 * Without "freeze", we'll simply split the PMD, propagating the
                 * PageAnonExclusive() flag for each PTE by setting it for
                 * each subpage -- no need to (temporarily) clear.
                 *
                 * With "freeze" we want to replace mapped pages by
                 * migration entries right away. This is only possible if we
                 * managed to clear PageAnonExclusive() -- see
                 * set_pmd_migration_entry().
                 *
                 * In case we cannot clear PageAnonExclusive(), split the PMD
                 * only and let try_to_migrate_one() fail later.
                 *
                 * See page_try_share_anon_rmap(): invalidate PMD first.
                 */
                anon_exclusive = PageAnon(page) && PageAnonExclusive(page);
                if (freeze && anon_exclusive && page_try_share_anon_rmap(page))
                        freeze = false;
                if (!freeze)
                        page_ref_add(page, HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1);
        }

        /*
         * Withdraw the table only after we mark the pmd entry invalid.
         * This's critical for some architectures (Power).
         */
        pgtable = pgtable_trans_huge_withdraw(mm, pmd);
        pmd_populate(mm, &_pmd, pgtable);

        for (i = 0, addr = haddr; i < HPAGE_PMD_NR; i++, addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
                pte_t entry, *pte;
                /*
                 * Note that NUMA hinting access restrictions are not
                 * transferred to avoid any possibility of altering
                 * permissions across VMAs.
                 */
                if (freeze || pmd_migration) {
                        swp_entry_t swp_entry;
                        if (write)
                                swp_entry = make_writable_migration_entry(
                                                        page_to_pfn(page + i));
                        else if (anon_exclusive)
                                swp_entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(
                                                        page_to_pfn(page + i));
                        else
                                swp_entry = make_readable_migration_entry(
                                                        page_to_pfn(page + i));
                        if (young)
                                swp_entry = make_migration_entry_young(swp_entry);
                        if (dirty)
                                swp_entry = make_migration_entry_dirty(swp_entry);
                        entry = swp_entry_to_pte(swp_entry);
                        if (soft_dirty)
                                entry = pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(entry);
                        if (uffd_wp)
                                entry = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(entry);
                } else {
                        entry = mk_pte(page + i, READ_ONCE(vma->vm_page_prot));
                        if (write)
                                entry = pte_mkwrite(entry);
                        if (anon_exclusive)
                                SetPageAnonExclusive(page + i);
                        if (!young)
                                entry = pte_mkold(entry);
                        /* NOTE: this may set soft-dirty too on some archs */
                        if (dirty)
                                entry = pte_mkdirty(entry);
                        if (soft_dirty)
                                entry = pte_mksoft_dirty(entry);
                        if (uffd_wp)
                                entry = pte_mkuffd_wp(entry);
                        page_add_anon_rmap(page + i, vma, addr, false);
                }
                pte = pte_offset_map(&_pmd, addr);
                BUG_ON(!pte_none(*pte));
                set_pte_at(mm, addr, pte, entry);
                pte_unmap(pte);
        }

        if (!pmd_migration)
                page_remove_rmap(page, vma, true);
        if (freeze)
                put_page(page);

        smp_wmb(); /* make pte visible before pmd */
        pmd_populate(mm, pmd, pgtable);
}

void __split_huge_pmd(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
                unsigned long address, bool freeze, struct folio *folio)
{
        spinlock_t *ptl;
        struct mmu_notifier_range range;

        mmu_notifier_range_init(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_CLEAR, 0, vma->vm_mm,
                                address & HPAGE_PMD_MASK,
                                (address & HPAGE_PMD_MASK) + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
        mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
        ptl = pmd_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd);

        /*
         * If caller asks to setup a migration entry, we need a folio to check
         * pmd against. Otherwise we can end up replacing wrong folio.
         */
        VM_BUG_ON(freeze && !folio);
        VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(folio && !folio_test_locked(folio));

        if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd) || pmd_devmap(*pmd) ||
            is_pmd_migration_entry(*pmd)) {
                /*
                 * It's safe to call pmd_page when folio is set because it's
                 * guaranteed that pmd is present.
                 */
                if (folio && folio != page_folio(pmd_page(*pmd)))
                        goto out;
                __split_huge_pmd_locked(vma, pmd, range.start, freeze);
        }

out:
        spin_unlock(ptl);
        /*
         * No need to double call mmu_notifier->invalidate_range() callback.
         * They are 3 cases to consider inside __split_huge_pmd_locked():
         *  1) pmdp_huge_clear_flush_notify() call invalidate_range() obvious
         *  2) __split_huge_zero_page_pmd() read only zero page and any write
         *    fault will trigger a flush_notify before pointing to a new page
         *    (it is fine if the secondary mmu keeps pointing to the old zero
         *    page in the meantime)
         *  3) Split a huge pmd into pte pointing to the same page. No need
         *     to invalidate secondary tlb entry they are all still valid.
         *     any further changes to individual pte will notify. So no need
         *     to call mmu_notifier->invalidate_range()
         */
        mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_only_end(&range);
}

void split_huge_pmd_address(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
                bool freeze, struct folio *folio)
{
        pmd_t *pmd = mm_find_pmd(vma->vm_mm, address);

        if (!pmd)
                return;

        __split_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, address, freeze, folio);
}

static inline void split_huge_pmd_if_needed(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address)
{
        /*
         * If the new address isn't hpage aligned and it could previously
         * contain an hugepage: check if we need to split an huge pmd.
         */
        if (!IS_ALIGNED(address, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) &&
            range_in_vma(vma, ALIGN_DOWN(address, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE),
                         ALIGN(address, HPAGE_PMD_SIZE)))
                split_huge_pmd_address(vma, address, false, NULL);
}

void vma_adjust_trans_huge(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                             unsigned long start,
                             unsigned long end,
                             long adjust_next)
{
        /* Check if we need to split start first. */
        split_huge_pmd_if_needed(vma, start);

        /* Check if we need to split end next. */
        split_huge_pmd_if_needed(vma, end);

        /*
         * If we're also updating the next vma vm_start,
         * check if we need to split it.
         */
        if (adjust_next > 0) {
                struct vm_area_struct *next = find_vma(vma->vm_mm, vma->vm_end);
                unsigned long nstart = next->vm_start;
                nstart += adjust_next;
                split_huge_pmd_if_needed(next, nstart);
        }
}

static void unmap_folio(struct folio *folio)
{
        enum ttu_flags ttu_flags = TTU_RMAP_LOCKED | TTU_SPLIT_HUGE_PMD |
                TTU_SYNC;

        VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_large(folio), folio);

        /*
         * Anon pages need migration entries to preserve them, but file
         * pages can simply be left unmapped, then faulted back on demand.
         * If that is ever changed (perhaps for mlock), update remap_page().
         */
        if (folio_test_anon(folio))
                try_to_migrate(folio, ttu_flags);
        else
                try_to_unmap(folio, ttu_flags | TTU_IGNORE_MLOCK);
}

static void remap_page(struct folio *folio, unsigned long nr)
{
        int i = 0;

        /* If unmap_folio() uses try_to_migrate() on file, remove this check */
        if (!folio_test_anon(folio))
                return;
        for (;;) {
                remove_migration_ptes(folio, folio, true);
                i += folio_nr_pages(folio);
                if (i >= nr)
                        break;
                folio = folio_next(folio);
        }
}

static void lru_add_page_tail(struct page *head, struct page *tail,
                struct lruvec *lruvec, struct list_head *list)
{
        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageHead(head), head);
        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageCompound(tail), head);
        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageLRU(tail), head);
        lockdep_assert_held(&lruvec->lru_lock);

        if (list) {
                /* page reclaim is reclaiming a huge page */
                VM_WARN_ON(PageLRU(head));
                get_page(tail);
                list_add_tail(&tail->lru, list);
        } else {
                /* head is still on lru (and we have it frozen) */
                VM_WARN_ON(!PageLRU(head));
                if (PageUnevictable(tail))
                        tail->mlock_count = 0;
                else
                        list_add_tail(&tail->lru, &head->lru);
                SetPageLRU(tail);
        }
}

static void __split_huge_page_tail(struct page *head, int tail,
                struct lruvec *lruvec, struct list_head *list)
{
        struct page *page_tail = head + tail;

        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(atomic_read(&page_tail->_mapcount) != -1, page_tail);

        /*
         * Clone page flags before unfreezing refcount.
         *
         * After successful get_page_unless_zero() might follow flags change,
         * for example lock_page() which set PG_waiters.
         *
         * Note that for mapped sub-pages of an anonymous THP,
         * PG_anon_exclusive has been cleared in unmap_folio() and is stored in
         * the migration entry instead from where remap_page() will restore it.
         * We can still have PG_anon_exclusive set on effectively unmapped and
         * unreferenced sub-pages of an anonymous THP: we can simply drop
         * PG_anon_exclusive (-> PG_mappedtodisk) for these here.
         */
        page_tail->flags &= ~PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_PREP;
        page_tail->flags |= (head->flags &
                        ((1L << PG_referenced) |
                         (1L << PG_swapbacked) |
                         (1L << PG_swapcache) |
                         (1L << PG_mlocked) |
                         (1L << PG_uptodate) |
                         (1L << PG_active) |
                         (1L << PG_workingset) |
                         (1L << PG_locked) |
                         (1L << PG_unevictable) |
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_USES_PG_ARCH_X
                         (1L << PG_arch_2) |
                         (1L << PG_arch_3) |
#endif
                         (1L << PG_dirty) |
                         LRU_GEN_MASK | LRU_REFS_MASK));

        /* ->mapping in first and second tail page is replaced by other uses */
        VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(tail > 2 && page_tail->mapping != TAIL_MAPPING,
                        page_tail);
        page_tail->mapping = head->mapping;
        page_tail->index = head->index + tail;

        /*
         * page->private should not be set in tail pages with the exception
         * of swap cache pages that store the swp_entry_t in tail pages.
         * Fix up and warn once if private is unexpectedly set.
         *
         * What of 32-bit systems, on which folio->_pincount overlays
         * head[1].private?  No problem: THP_SWAP is not enabled on 32-bit, and
         * pincount must be 0 for folio_ref_freeze() to have succeeded.
         */
        if (!folio_test_swapcache(page_folio(head))) {
                VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_PAGE(page_tail->private != 0, page_tail);
                page_tail->private = 0;
        }

        /* Page flags must be visible before we make the page non-compound. */
        smp_wmb();

        /*
         * Clear PageTail before unfreezing page refcount.
         *
         * After successful get_page_unless_zero() might follow put_page()
         * which needs correct compound_head().
         */
        clear_compound_head(page_tail);

        /* Finally unfreeze refcount. Additional reference from page cache. */
        page_ref_unfreeze(page_tail, 1 + (!PageAnon(head) ||
                                          PageSwapCache(head)));

        if (page_is_young(head))
                set_page_young(page_tail);
        if (page_is_idle(head))
                set_page_idle(page_tail);

        page_cpupid_xchg_last(page_tail, page_cpupid_last(head));

        /*
         * always add to the tail because some iterators expect new
         * pages to show after the currently processed elements - e.g.
         * migrate_pages
         */
        lru_add_page_tail(head, page_tail, lruvec, list);
}

static void __split_huge_page(struct page *page, struct list_head *list,
                pgoff_t end)
{
        struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
        struct page *head = &folio->page;
        struct lruvec *lruvec;
        struct address_space *swap_cache = NULL;
        unsigned long offset = 0;
        unsigned int nr = thp_nr_pages(head);
        int i;

        /* complete memcg works before add pages to LRU */
        split_page_memcg(head, nr);

        if (PageAnon(head) && PageSwapCache(head)) {
                swp_entry_t entry = { .val = page_private(head) };

                offset = swp_offset(entry);
                swap_cache = swap_address_space(entry);
                xa_lock(&swap_cache->i_pages);
        }

        /* lock lru list/PageCompound, ref frozen by page_ref_freeze */
        lruvec = folio_lruvec_lock(folio);

        ClearPageHasHWPoisoned(head);

        for (i = nr - 1; i >= 1; i--) {
                __split_huge_page_tail(head, i, lruvec, list);
                /* Some pages can be beyond EOF: drop them from page cache */
                if (head[i].index >= end) {
                        struct folio *tail = page_folio(head + i);

                        if (shmem_mapping(head->mapping))
                                shmem_uncharge(head->mapping->host, 1);
                        else if (folio_test_clear_dirty(tail))
                                folio_account_cleaned(tail,
                                        inode_to_wb(folio->mapping->host));
                        __filemap_remove_folio(tail, NULL);
                        folio_put(tail);
                } else if (!PageAnon(page)) {
                        __xa_store(&head->mapping->i_pages, head[i].index,
                                        head + i, 0);
                } else if (swap_cache) {
                        __xa_store(&swap_cache->i_pages, offset + i,
                                        head + i, 0);
                }
        }

        ClearPageCompound(head);
        unlock_page_lruvec(lruvec);
        /* Caller disabled irqs, so they are still disabled here */

        split_page_owner(head, nr);

        /* See comment in __split_huge_page_tail() */
        if (PageAnon(head)) {
                /* Additional pin to swap cache */
                if (PageSwapCache(head)) {
                        page_ref_add(head, 2);
                        xa_unlock(&swap_cache->i_pages);
                } else {
                        page_ref_inc(head);
                }
        } else {
                /* Additional pin to page cache */
                page_ref_add(head, 2);
                xa_unlock(&head->mapping->i_pages);
        }
        local_irq_enable();

        remap_page(folio, nr);

        if (PageSwapCache(head)) {
                swp_entry_t entry = { .val = page_private(head) };

                split_swap_cluster(entry);
        }

        for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
                struct page *subpage = head + i;
                if (subpage == page)
                        continue;
                unlock_page(subpage);

                /*
                 * Subpages may be freed if there wasn't any mapping
                 * like if add_to_swap() is running on a lru page that
                 * had its mapping zapped. And freeing these pages
                 * requires taking the lru_lock so we do the put_page
                 * of the tail pages after the split is complete.
                 */
                free_page_and_swap_cache(subpage);
        }
}

/* Racy check whether the huge page can be split */
bool can_split_folio(struct folio *folio, int *pextra_pins)
{
        int extra_pins;

        /* Additional pins from page cache */
        if (folio_test_anon(folio))
                extra_pins = folio_test_swapcache(folio) ?
                                folio_nr_pages(folio) : 0;
        else
                extra_pins = folio_nr_pages(folio);
        if (pextra_pins)
                *pextra_pins = extra_pins;
        return folio_mapcount(folio) == folio_ref_count(folio) - extra_pins - 1;
}

/*
 * This function splits huge page into normal pages. @page can point to any
 * subpage of huge page to split. Split doesn't change the position of @page.
 *
 * Only caller must hold pin on the @page, otherwise split fails with -EBUSY.
 * The huge page must be locked.
 *
 * If @list is null, tail pages will be added to LRU list, otherwise, to @list.
 *
 * Both head page and tail pages will inherit mapping, flags, and so on from
 * the hugepage.
 *
 * GUP pin and PG_locked transferred to @page. Rest subpages can be freed if
 * they are not mapped.
 *
 * Returns 0 if the hugepage is split successfully.
 * Returns -EBUSY if the page is pinned or if anon_vma disappeared from under
 * us.
 */
int split_huge_page_to_list(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
{
        struct folio *folio = page_folio(page);
        struct deferred_split *ds_queue = get_deferred_split_queue(folio);
        XA_STATE(xas, &folio->mapping->i_pages, folio->index);
        struct anon_vma *anon_vma = NULL;
        struct address_space *mapping = NULL;
        int extra_pins, ret;
        pgoff_t end;
        bool is_hzp;

        VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
        VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_large(folio), folio);

        is_hzp = is_huge_zero_page(&folio->page);
        if (is_hzp) {
                pr_warn_ratelimited("Called split_huge_page for huge zero page\n");
                return -EBUSY;
        }

        if (folio_test_writeback(folio))
                return -EBUSY;

        if (folio_test_anon(folio)) {
                /*
                 * The caller does not necessarily hold an mmap_lock that would
                 * prevent the anon_vma disappearing so we first we take a
                 * reference to it and then lock the anon_vma for write. This
                 * is similar to folio_lock_anon_vma_read except the write lock
                 * is taken to serialise against parallel split or collapse
                 * operations.
                 */
                anon_vma = folio_get_anon_vma(folio);
                if (!anon_vma) {
                        ret = -EBUSY;
                        goto out;
                }
                end = -1;
                mapping = NULL;
                anon_vma_lock_write(anon_vma);
        } else {
                gfp_t gfp;

                mapping = folio->mapping;

                /* Truncated ? */
                if (!mapping) {
                        ret = -EBUSY;
                        goto out;
                }

                gfp = current_gfp_context(mapping_gfp_mask(mapping) &
                                                        GFP_RECLAIM_MASK);

                if (folio_test_private(folio) &&
                                !filemap_release_folio(folio, gfp)) {
                        ret = -EBUSY;
                        goto out;
                }

                xas_split_alloc(&xas, folio, folio_order(folio), gfp);
                if (xas_error(&xas)) {
                        ret = xas_error(&xas);
                        goto out;
                }

                anon_vma = NULL;
                i_mmap_lock_read(mapping);

                /*
                 *__split_huge_page() may need to trim off pages beyond EOF:
                 * but on 32-bit, i_size_read() takes an irq-unsafe seqlock,
                 * which cannot be nested inside the page tree lock. So note
                 * end now: i_size itself may be changed at any moment, but
                 * folio lock is good enough to serialize the trimming.
                 */
                end = DIV_ROUND_UP(i_size_read(mapping->host), PAGE_SIZE);
                if (shmem_mapping(mapping))
                        end = shmem_fallocend(mapping->host, end);
        }

        /*
         * Racy check if we can split the page, before unmap_folio() will
         * split PMDs
         */
        if (!can_split_folio(folio, &extra_pins)) {
                ret = -EAGAIN;
                goto out_unlock;
        }

        unmap_folio(folio);

        /* block interrupt reentry in xa_lock and spinlock */
        local_irq_disable();
        if (mapping) {
                /*
                 * Check if the folio is present in page cache.
                 * We assume all tail are present too, if folio is there.
                 */
                xas_lock(&xas);
                xas_reset(&xas);
                if (xas_load(&xas) != folio)
                        goto fail;
        }

        /* Prevent deferred_split_scan() touching ->_refcount */
        spin_lock(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock);
        if (folio_ref_freeze(folio, 1 + extra_pins)) {
                if (!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) {
                        ds_queue->split_queue_len--;
                        list_del(&folio->_deferred_list);
                }
                spin_unlock(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock);
                if (mapping) {
                        int nr = folio_nr_pages(folio);

                        xas_split(&xas, folio, folio_order(folio));
                        if (folio_test_swapbacked(folio)) {
                                __lruvec_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_SHMEM_THPS,
                                                        -nr);
                        } else {
                                __lruvec_stat_mod_folio(folio, NR_FILE_THPS,
                                                        -nr);
                                filemap_nr_thps_dec(mapping);
                        }
                }

                __split_huge_page(page, list, end);
                ret = 0;
        } else {
                spin_unlock(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock);
fail:
                if (mapping)
                        xas_unlock(&xas);
                local_irq_enable();
                remap_page(folio, folio_nr_pages(folio));
                ret = -EAGAIN;
        }

out_unlock:
        if (anon_vma) {
                anon_vma_unlock_write(anon_vma);
                put_anon_vma(anon_vma);
        }
        if (mapping)
                i_mmap_unlock_read(mapping);
out:
        xas_destroy(&xas);
        count_vm_event(!ret ? THP_SPLIT_PAGE : THP_SPLIT_PAGE_FAILED);
        return ret;
}

void free_transhuge_page(struct page *page)
{
        struct folio *folio = (struct folio *)page;
        struct deferred_split *ds_queue = get_deferred_split_queue(folio);
        unsigned long flags;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock, flags);
        if (!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) {
                ds_queue->split_queue_len--;
                list_del(&folio->_deferred_list);
        }
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock, flags);
        free_compound_page(page);
}

void deferred_split_folio(struct folio *folio)
{
        struct deferred_split *ds_queue = get_deferred_split_queue(folio);
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
        struct mem_cgroup *memcg = folio_memcg(folio);
#endif
        unsigned long flags;

        VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_order(folio) < 2, folio);

        /*
         * The try_to_unmap() in page reclaim path might reach here too,
         * this may cause a race condition to corrupt deferred split queue.
         * And, if page reclaim is already handling the same folio, it is
         * unnecessary to handle it again in shrinker.
         *
         * Check the swapcache flag to determine if the folio is being
         * handled by page reclaim since THP swap would add the folio into
         * swap cache before calling try_to_unmap().
         */
        if (folio_test_swapcache(folio))
                return;

        if (!list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list))
                return;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock, flags);
        if (list_empty(&folio->_deferred_list)) {
                count_vm_event(THP_DEFERRED_SPLIT_PAGE);
                list_add_tail(&folio->_deferred_list, &ds_queue->split_queue);
                ds_queue->split_queue_len++;
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
                if (memcg)
                        set_shrinker_bit(memcg, folio_nid(folio),
                                         deferred_split_shrinker.id);
#endif
        }
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock, flags);
}

static unsigned long deferred_split_count(struct shrinker *shrink,
                struct shrink_control *sc)
{
        struct pglist_data *pgdata = NODE_DATA(sc->nid);
        struct deferred_split *ds_queue = &pgdata->deferred_split_queue;

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
        if (sc->memcg)
                ds_queue = &sc->memcg->deferred_split_queue;
#endif
        return READ_ONCE(ds_queue->split_queue_len);
}

static unsigned long deferred_split_scan(struct shrinker *shrink,
                struct shrink_control *sc)
{
        struct pglist_data *pgdata = NODE_DATA(sc->nid);
        struct deferred_split *ds_queue = &pgdata->deferred_split_queue;
        unsigned long flags;
        LIST_HEAD(list);
        struct folio *folio, *next;
        int split = 0;

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
        if (sc->memcg)
                ds_queue = &sc->memcg->deferred_split_queue;
#endif

        spin_lock_irqsave(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock, flags);
        /* Take pin on all head pages to avoid freeing them under us */
        list_for_each_entry_safe(folio, next, &ds_queue->split_queue,
                                                        _deferred_list) {
                if (folio_try_get(folio)) {
                        list_move(&folio->_deferred_list, &list);
                } else {
                        /* We lost race with folio_put() */
                        list_del_init(&folio->_deferred_list);
                        ds_queue->split_queue_len--;
                }
                if (!--sc->nr_to_scan)
                        break;
        }
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock, flags);

        list_for_each_entry_safe(folio, next, &list, _deferred_list) {
                if (!folio_trylock(folio))
                        goto next;
                /* split_huge_page() removes page from list on success */
                if (!split_folio(folio))
                        split++;
                folio_unlock(folio);
next:
                folio_put(folio);
        }

        spin_lock_irqsave(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock, flags);
        list_splice_tail(&list, &ds_queue->split_queue);
        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ds_queue->split_queue_lock, flags);

        /*
         * Stop shrinker if we didn't split any page, but the queue is empty.
         * This can happen if pages were freed under us.
         */
        if (!split && list_empty(&ds_queue->split_queue))
                return SHRINK_STOP;
        return split;
}

static struct shrinker deferred_split_shrinker = {
        .count_objects = deferred_split_count,
        .scan_objects = deferred_split_scan,
        .seeks = DEFAULT_SEEKS,
        .flags = SHRINKER_NUMA_AWARE | SHRINKER_MEMCG_AWARE |
                 SHRINKER_NONSLAB,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
static void split_huge_pages_all(void)
{
        struct zone *zone;
        struct page *page;
        struct folio *folio;
        unsigned long pfn, max_zone_pfn;
        unsigned long total = 0, split = 0;

        pr_debug("Split all THPs\n");
        for_each_zone(zone) {
                if (!managed_zone(zone))
                        continue;
                max_zone_pfn = zone_end_pfn(zone);
                for (pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn; pfn < max_zone_pfn; pfn++) {
                        int nr_pages;

                        page = pfn_to_online_page(pfn);
                        if (!page || PageTail(page))
                                continue;
                        folio = page_folio(page);
                        if (!folio_try_get(folio))
                                continue;

                        if (unlikely(page_folio(page) != folio))
                                goto next;

                        if (zone != folio_zone(folio))
                                goto next;

                        if (!folio_test_large(folio)
                                || folio_test_hugetlb(folio)
                                || !folio_test_lru(folio))
                                goto next;

                        total++;
                        folio_lock(folio);
                        nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
                        if (!split_folio(folio))
                                split++;
                        pfn += nr_pages - 1;
                        folio_unlock(folio);
next:
                        folio_put(folio);
                        cond_resched();
                }
        }

        pr_debug("%lu of %lu THP split\n", split, total);
}

static inline bool vma_not_suitable_for_thp_split(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        return vma_is_special_huge(vma) || (vma->vm_flags & VM_IO) ||
                    is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma);
}

static int split_huge_pages_pid(int pid, unsigned long vaddr_start,
                                unsigned long vaddr_end)
{
        int ret = 0;
        struct task_struct *task;
        struct mm_struct *mm;
        unsigned long total = 0, split = 0;
        unsigned long addr;

        vaddr_start &= PAGE_MASK;
        vaddr_end &= PAGE_MASK;

        /* Find the task_struct from pid */
        rcu_read_lock();
        task = find_task_by_vpid(pid);
        if (!task) {
                rcu_read_unlock();
                ret = -ESRCH;
                goto out;
        }
        get_task_struct(task);
        rcu_read_unlock();

        /* Find the mm_struct */
        mm = get_task_mm(task);
        put_task_struct(task);

        if (!mm) {
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

        pr_debug("Split huge pages in pid: %d, vaddr: [0x%lx - 0x%lx]\n",
                 pid, vaddr_start, vaddr_end);

        mmap_read_lock(mm);
        /*
         * always increase addr by PAGE_SIZE, since we could have a PTE page
         * table filled with PTE-mapped THPs, each of which is distinct.
         */
        for (addr = vaddr_start; addr < vaddr_end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
                struct vm_area_struct *vma = vma_lookup(mm, addr);
                struct page *page;

                if (!vma)
                        break;

                /* skip special VMA and hugetlb VMA */
                if (vma_not_suitable_for_thp_split(vma)) {
                        addr = vma->vm_end;
                        continue;
                }

                /* FOLL_DUMP to ignore special (like zero) pages */
                page = follow_page(vma, addr, FOLL_GET | FOLL_DUMP);

                if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(page))
                        continue;

                if (!is_transparent_hugepage(page))
                        goto next;

                total++;
                if (!can_split_folio(page_folio(page), NULL))
                        goto next;

                if (!trylock_page(page))
                        goto next;

                if (!split_huge_page(page))
                        split++;

                unlock_page(page);
next:
                put_page(page);
                cond_resched();
        }
        mmap_read_unlock(mm);
        mmput(mm);

        pr_debug("%lu of %lu THP split\n", split, total);

out:
        return ret;
}

static int split_huge_pages_in_file(const char *file_path, pgoff_t off_start,
                                pgoff_t off_end)
{
        struct filename *file;
        struct file *candidate;
        struct address_space *mapping;
        int ret = -EINVAL;
        pgoff_t index;
        int nr_pages = 1;
        unsigned long total = 0, split = 0;

        file = getname_kernel(file_path);
        if (IS_ERR(file))
                return ret;

        candidate = file_open_name(file, O_RDONLY, 0);
        if (IS_ERR(candidate))
                goto out;

        pr_debug("split file-backed THPs in file: %s, page offset: [0x%lx - 0x%lx]\n",
                 file_path, off_start, off_end);

        mapping = candidate->f_mapping;

        for (index = off_start; index < off_end; index += nr_pages) {
                struct folio *folio = filemap_get_folio(mapping, index);

                nr_pages = 1;
                if (IS_ERR(folio))
                        continue;

                if (!folio_test_large(folio))
                        goto next;

                total++;
                nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);

                if (!folio_trylock(folio))
                        goto next;

                if (!split_folio(folio))
                        split++;

                folio_unlock(folio);
next:
                folio_put(folio);
                cond_resched();
        }

        filp_close(candidate, NULL);
        ret = 0;

        pr_debug("%lu of %lu file-backed THP split\n", split, total);
out:
        putname(file);
        return ret;
}

#define MAX_INPUT_BUF_SZ 255

static ssize_t split_huge_pages_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
                                size_t count, loff_t *ppops)
{
        static DEFINE_MUTEX(split_debug_mutex);
        ssize_t ret;
        /* hold pid, start_vaddr, end_vaddr or file_path, off_start, off_end */
        char input_buf[MAX_INPUT_BUF_SZ];
        int pid;
        unsigned long vaddr_start, vaddr_end;

        ret = mutex_lock_interruptible(&split_debug_mutex);
        if (ret)
                return ret;

        ret = -EFAULT;

        memset(input_buf, 0, MAX_INPUT_BUF_SZ);
        if (copy_from_user(input_buf, buf, min_t(size_t, count, MAX_INPUT_BUF_SZ)))
                goto out;

        input_buf[MAX_INPUT_BUF_SZ - 1] = '\0';

        if (input_buf[0] == '/') {
                char *tok;
                char *buf = input_buf;
                char file_path[MAX_INPUT_BUF_SZ];
                pgoff_t off_start = 0, off_end = 0;
                size_t input_len = strlen(input_buf);

                tok = strsep(&buf, ",");
                if (tok) {
                        strcpy(file_path, tok);
                } else {
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }

                ret = sscanf(buf, "0x%lx,0x%lx", &off_start, &off_end);
                if (ret != 2) {
                        ret = -EINVAL;
                        goto out;
                }
                ret = split_huge_pages_in_file(file_path, off_start, off_end);
                if (!ret)
                        ret = input_len;

                goto out;
        }

        ret = sscanf(input_buf, "%d,0x%lx,0x%lx", &pid, &vaddr_start, &vaddr_end);
        if (ret == 1 && pid == 1) {
                split_huge_pages_all();
                ret = strlen(input_buf);
                goto out;
        } else if (ret != 3) {
                ret = -EINVAL;
                goto out;
        }

        ret = split_huge_pages_pid(pid, vaddr_start, vaddr_end);
        if (!ret)
                ret = strlen(input_buf);
out:
        mutex_unlock(&split_debug_mutex);
        return ret;

}

static const struct file_operations split_huge_pages_fops = {
        .owner   = THIS_MODULE,
        .write   = split_huge_pages_write,
        .llseek  = no_llseek,
};

static int __init split_huge_pages_debugfs(void)
{
        debugfs_create_file("split_huge_pages", 0200, NULL, NULL,
                            &split_huge_pages_fops);
        return 0;
}
late_initcall(split_huge_pages_debugfs);
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_ENABLE_THP_MIGRATION
int set_pmd_migration_entry(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw,
                struct page *page)
{
        struct vm_area_struct *vma = pvmw->vma;
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        unsigned long address = pvmw->address;
        bool anon_exclusive;
        pmd_t pmdval;
        swp_entry_t entry;
        pmd_t pmdswp;

        if (!(pvmw->pmd && !pvmw->pte))
                return 0;

        flush_cache_range(vma, address, address + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE);
        pmdval = pmdp_invalidate(vma, address, pvmw->pmd);

        /* See page_try_share_anon_rmap(): invalidate PMD first. */
        anon_exclusive = PageAnon(page) && PageAnonExclusive(page);
        if (anon_exclusive && page_try_share_anon_rmap(page)) {
                set_pmd_at(mm, address, pvmw->pmd, pmdval);
                return -EBUSY;
        }

        if (pmd_dirty(pmdval))
                set_page_dirty(page);
        if (pmd_write(pmdval))
                entry = make_writable_migration_entry(page_to_pfn(page));
        else if (anon_exclusive)
                entry = make_readable_exclusive_migration_entry(page_to_pfn(page));
        else
                entry = make_readable_migration_entry(page_to_pfn(page));
        if (pmd_young(pmdval))
                entry = make_migration_entry_young(entry);
        if (pmd_dirty(pmdval))
                entry = make_migration_entry_dirty(entry);
        pmdswp = swp_entry_to_pmd(entry);
        if (pmd_soft_dirty(pmdval))
                pmdswp = pmd_swp_mksoft_dirty(pmdswp);
        if (pmd_uffd_wp(pmdval))
                pmdswp = pmd_swp_mkuffd_wp(pmdswp);
        set_pmd_at(mm, address, pvmw->pmd, pmdswp);
        page_remove_rmap(page, vma, true);
        put_page(page);
        trace_set_migration_pmd(address, pmd_val(pmdswp));

        return 0;
}

void remove_migration_pmd(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw, struct page *new)
{
        struct vm_area_struct *vma = pvmw->vma;
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        unsigned long address = pvmw->address;
        unsigned long haddr = address & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
        pmd_t pmde;
        swp_entry_t entry;

        if (!(pvmw->pmd && !pvmw->pte))
                return;

        entry = pmd_to_swp_entry(*pvmw->pmd);
        get_page(new);
        pmde = mk_huge_pmd(new, READ_ONCE(vma->vm_page_prot));
        if (pmd_swp_soft_dirty(*pvmw->pmd))
                pmde = pmd_mksoft_dirty(pmde);
        if (is_writable_migration_entry(entry))
                pmde = pmd_mkwrite(pmde);
        if (pmd_swp_uffd_wp(*pvmw->pmd))
                pmde = pmd_mkuffd_wp(pmde);
        if (!is_migration_entry_young(entry))
                pmde = pmd_mkold(pmde);
        /* NOTE: this may contain setting soft-dirty on some archs */
        if (PageDirty(new) && is_migration_entry_dirty(entry))
                pmde = pmd_mkdirty(pmde);

        if (PageAnon(new)) {
                rmap_t rmap_flags = RMAP_COMPOUND;

                if (!is_readable_migration_entry(entry))
                        rmap_flags |= RMAP_EXCLUSIVE;

                page_add_anon_rmap(new, vma, haddr, rmap_flags);
        } else {
                page_add_file_rmap(new, vma, true);
        }
        VM_BUG_ON(pmd_write(pmde) && PageAnon(new) && !PageAnonExclusive(new));
        set_pmd_at(mm, haddr, pvmw->pmd, pmde);

        /* No need to invalidate - it was non-present before */
        update_mmu_cache_pmd(vma, address, pvmw->pmd);
        trace_remove_migration_pmd(address, pmd_val(pmde));
}
#endif