mm/readahead.c

   1 /*
   2  * mm/readahead.c - address_space-level file readahead.
   3  *
   4  * Copyright (C) 2002, Linus Torvalds
   5  *
   6  * 09Apr2002    Andrew Morton
   7  *              Initial version.
   8  */
   9
  10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
  11 #include <linux/dax.h>
  12 #include <linux/gfp.h>
  13 #include <linux/export.h>
  14 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
  15 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
  16 #include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
  17 #include <linux/pagevec.h>
  18 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
  19 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
  20 #include <linux/file.h>
  21 #include <linux/mm_inline.h>
  22 #include <linux/blk-cgroup.h>
  23 #include <linux/fadvise.h>
  24
  25 #include "internal.h"
  26
  27 /*
  28  * Initialise a struct file's readahead state.  Assumes that the caller has
  29  * memset *ra to zero.
  30  */
  31 void
  32 file_ra_state_init(struct file_ra_state *ra, struct address_space *mapping)
  33 {
  34         ra->ra_pages = inode_to_bdi(mapping->host)->ra_pages;
  35         ra->prev_pos = -1;
  36 }
  37 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(file_ra_state_init);
  38
  39 /*
  40  * see if a page needs releasing upon read_cache_pages() failure
  41  * - the caller of read_cache_pages() may have set PG_private or PG_fscache
  42  *   before calling, such as the NFS fs marking pages that are cached locally
  43  *   on disk, thus we need to give the fs a chance to clean up in the event of
  44  *   an error
  45  */
  46 static void read_cache_pages_invalidate_page(struct address_space *mapping,
  47                                              struct page *page)
  48 {
  49         if (page_has_private(page)) {
  50                 if (!trylock_page(page))
  51                         BUG();
  52                 page->mapping = mapping;
  53                 do_invalidatepage(page, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
  54                 page->mapping = NULL;
  55                 unlock_page(page);
  56         }
  57         put_page(page);
  58 }
  59
  60 /*
  61  * release a list of pages, invalidating them first if need be
  62  */
  63 static void read_cache_pages_invalidate_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
  64                                               struct list_head *pages)
  65 {
  66         struct page *victim;
  67
  68         while (!list_empty(pages)) {
  69                 victim = lru_to_page(pages);
  70                 list_del(&victim->lru);
  71                 read_cache_pages_invalidate_page(mapping, victim);
  72         }
  73 }
  74
  75 /**
  76  * read_cache_pages - populate an address space with some pages & start reads against them
  77  * @mapping: the address_space
  78  * @pages: The address of a list_head which contains the target pages.  These
  79  *   pages have their ->index populated and are otherwise uninitialised.
  80  * @filler: callback routine for filling a single page.
  81  * @data: private data for the callback routine.
  82  *
  83  * Hides the details of the LRU cache etc from the filesystems.
  84  */
  85 int read_cache_pages(struct address_space *mapping, struct list_head *pages,
  86                         int (*filler)(void *, struct page *), void *data)
  87 {
  88         struct page *page;
  89         int ret = 0;
  90
  91         while (!list_empty(pages)) {
  92                 page = lru_to_page(pages);
  93                 list_del(&page->lru);
  94                 if (add_to_page_cache_lru(page, mapping, page->index,
  95                                 readahead_gfp_mask(mapping))) {
  96                         read_cache_pages_invalidate_page(mapping, page);
  97                         continue;
  98                 }
  99                 put_page(page);
 100
 101                 ret = filler(data, page);
 102                 if (unlikely(ret)) {
 103                         read_cache_pages_invalidate_pages(mapping, pages);
 104                         break;
 105                 }
 106                 task_io_account_read(PAGE_SIZE);
 107         }
 108         return ret;
 109 }
 110
 111 EXPORT_SYMBOL(read_cache_pages);
 112
 113 static int read_pages(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
 114                 struct list_head *pages, unsigned int nr_pages, gfp_t gfp)
 115 {
 116         struct blk_plug plug;
 117         unsigned page_idx;
 118         int ret;
 119
 120         blk_start_plug(&plug);
 121
 122         if (mapping->a_ops->readpages) {
 123                 ret = mapping->a_ops->readpages(filp, mapping, pages, nr_pages);
 124                 /* Clean up the remaining pages */
 125                 put_pages_list(pages);
 126                 goto out;
 127         }
 128
 129         for (page_idx = 0; page_idx < nr_pages; page_idx++) {
 130                 struct page *page = lru_to_page(pages);
 131                 list_del(&page->lru);
 132                 if (!add_to_page_cache_lru(page, mapping, page->index, gfp))
 133                         mapping->a_ops->readpage(filp, page);
 134                 put_page(page);
 135         }
 136         ret = 0;
 137
 138 out:
 139         blk_finish_plug(&plug);
 140
 141         return ret;
 142 }
 143
 144 /*
 145  * __do_page_cache_readahead() actually reads a chunk of disk.  It allocates
 146  * the pages first, then submits them for I/O. This avoids the very bad
 147  * behaviour which would occur if page allocations are causing VM writeback.
 148  * We really don't want to intermingle reads and writes like that.
 149  *
 150  * Returns the number of pages requested, or the maximum amount of I/O allowed.
 151  */
 152 unsigned int __do_page_cache_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
 153                 struct file *filp, pgoff_t offset, unsigned long nr_to_read,
 154                 unsigned long lookahead_size)
 155 {
 156         struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
 157         struct page *page;
 158         unsigned long end_index;        /* The last page we want to read */
 159         LIST_HEAD(page_pool);
 160         int page_idx;
 161         unsigned int nr_pages = 0;
 162         loff_t isize = i_size_read(inode);
 163         gfp_t gfp_mask = readahead_gfp_mask(mapping);
 164
 165         if (isize == 0)
 166                 goto out;
 167
 168         end_index = ((isize - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 169
 170         /*
 171          * Preallocate as many pages as we will need.
 172          */
 173         for (page_idx = 0; page_idx < nr_to_read; page_idx++) {
 174                 pgoff_t page_offset = offset + page_idx;
 175
 176                 if (page_offset > end_index)
 177                         break;
 178
 179                 page = xa_load(&mapping->i_pages, page_offset);
 180                 if (page && !xa_is_value(page)) {
 181                         /*
 182                          * Page already present?  Kick off the current batch of
 183                          * contiguous pages before continuing with the next
 184                          * batch.
 185                          */
 186                         if (nr_pages)
 187                                 read_pages(mapping, filp, &page_pool, nr_pages,
 188                                                 gfp_mask);
 189                         nr_pages = 0;
 190                         continue;
 191                 }
 192
 193                 page = __page_cache_alloc(gfp_mask);
 194                 if (!page)
 195                         break;
 196                 page->index = page_offset;
 197                 list_add(&page->lru, &page_pool);
 198                 if (page_idx == nr_to_read - lookahead_size)
 199                         SetPageReadahead(page);
 200                 nr_pages++;
 201         }
 202
 203         /*
 204          * Now start the IO.  We ignore I/O errors - if the page is not
 205          * uptodate then the caller will launch readpage again, and
 206          * will then handle the error.
 207          */
 208         if (nr_pages)
 209                 read_pages(mapping, filp, &page_pool, nr_pages, gfp_mask);
 210         BUG_ON(!list_empty(&page_pool));
 211 out:
 212         return nr_pages;
 213 }
 214
 215 /*
 216  * Chunk the readahead into 2 megabyte units, so that we don't pin too much
 217  * memory at once.
 218  */
 219 int force_page_cache_readahead(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
 220                                pgoff_t offset, unsigned long nr_to_read)
 221 {
 222         struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(mapping->host);
 223         struct file_ra_state *ra = &filp->f_ra;
 224         unsigned long max_pages;
 225
 226         if (unlikely(!mapping->a_ops->readpage && !mapping->a_ops->readpages))
 227                 return -EINVAL;
 228
 229         /*
 230          * If the request exceeds the readahead window, allow the read to
 231          * be up to the optimal hardware IO size
 232          */
 233         max_pages = max_t(unsigned long, bdi->io_pages, ra->ra_pages);
 234         nr_to_read = min(nr_to_read, max_pages);
 235         while (nr_to_read) {
 236                 unsigned long this_chunk = (2 * 1024 * 1024) / PAGE_SIZE;
 237
 238                 if (this_chunk > nr_to_read)
 239                         this_chunk = nr_to_read;
 240                 __do_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp, offset, this_chunk, 0);
 241
 242                 offset += this_chunk;
 243                 nr_to_read -= this_chunk;
 244         }
 245         return 0;
 246 }
 247
 248 /*
 249  * Set the initial window size, round to next power of 2 and square
 250  * for small size, x 4 for medium, and x 2 for large
 251  * for 128k (32 page) max ra
 252  * 1-8 page = 32k initial, > 8 page = 128k initial
 253  */
 254 static unsigned long get_init_ra_size(unsigned long size, unsigned long max)
 255 {
 256         unsigned long newsize = roundup_pow_of_two(size);
 257
 258         if (newsize <= max / 32)
 259                 newsize = newsize * 4;
 260         else if (newsize <= max / 4)
 261                 newsize = newsize * 2;
 262         else
 263                 newsize = max;
 264
 265         return newsize;
 266 }
 267
 268 /*
 269  *  Get the previous window size, ramp it up, and
 270  *  return it as the new window size.
 271  */
 272 static unsigned long get_next_ra_size(struct file_ra_state *ra,
 273                                       unsigned long max)
 274 {
 275         unsigned long cur = ra->size;
 276
 277         if (cur < max / 16)
 278                 return 4 * cur;
 279         if (cur <= max / 2)
 280                 return 2 * cur;
 281         return max;
 282 }
 283
 284 /*
 285  * On-demand readahead design.
 286  *
 287  * The fields in struct file_ra_state represent the most-recently-executed
 288  * readahead attempt:
 289  *
 290  *                        |<----- async_size ---------|
 291  *     |------------------- size -------------------->|
 292  *     |==================#===========================|
 293  *     ^start             ^page marked with PG_readahead
 294  *
 295  * To overlap application thinking time and disk I/O time, we do
 296  * `readahead pipelining': Do not wait until the application consumed all
 297  * readahead pages and stalled on the missing page at readahead_index;
 298  * Instead, submit an asynchronous readahead I/O as soon as there are
 299  * only async_size pages left in the readahead window. Normally async_size
 300  * will be equal to size, for maximum pipelining.
 301  *
 302  * In interleaved sequential reads, concurrent streams on the same fd can
 303  * be invalidating each other's readahead state. So we flag the new readahead
 304  * page at (start+size-async_size) with PG_readahead, and use it as readahead
 305  * indicator. The flag won't be set on already cached pages, to avoid the
 306  * readahead-for-nothing fuss, saving pointless page cache lookups.
 307  *
 308  * prev_pos tracks the last visited byte in the _previous_ read request.
 309  * It should be maintained by the caller, and will be used for detecting
 310  * small random reads. Note that the readahead algorithm checks loosely
 311  * for sequential patterns. Hence interleaved reads might be served as
 312  * sequential ones.
 313  *
 314  * There is a special-case: if the first page which the application tries to
 315  * read happens to be the first page of the file, it is assumed that a linear
 316  * read is about to happen and the window is immediately set to the initial size
 317  * based on I/O request size and the max_readahead.
 318  *
 319  * The code ramps up the readahead size aggressively at first, but slow down as
 320  * it approaches max_readhead.
 321  */
 322
 323 /*
 324  * Count contiguously cached pages from @offset-1 to @offset-@max,
 325  * this count is a conservative estimation of
 326  *      - length of the sequential read sequence, or
 327  *      - thrashing threshold in memory tight systems
 328  */
 329 static pgoff_t count_history_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
 330                                    pgoff_t offset, unsigned long max)
 331 {
 332         pgoff_t head;
 333
 334         rcu_read_lock();
 335         head = page_cache_prev_miss(mapping, offset - 1, max);
 336         rcu_read_unlock();
 337
 338         return offset - 1 - head;
 339 }
 340
 341 /*
 342  * page cache context based read-ahead
 343  */
 344 static int try_context_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
 345                                  struct file_ra_state *ra,
 346                                  pgoff_t offset,
 347                                  unsigned long req_size,
 348                                  unsigned long max)
 349 {
 350         pgoff_t size;
 351
 352         size = count_history_pages(mapping, offset, max);
 353
 354         /*
 355          * not enough history pages:
 356          * it could be a random read
 357          */
 358         if (size <= req_size)
 359                 return 0;
 360
 361         /*
 362          * starts from beginning of file:
 363          * it is a strong indication of long-run stream (or whole-file-read)
 364          */
 365         if (size >= offset)
 366                 size *= 2;
 367
 368         ra->start = offset;
 369         ra->size = min(size + req_size, max);
 370         ra->async_size = 1;
 371
 372         return 1;
 373 }
 374
 375 /*
 376  * A minimal readahead algorithm for trivial sequential/random reads.
 377  */
 378 static unsigned long
 379 ondemand_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
 380                    struct file_ra_state *ra, struct file *filp,
 381                    bool hit_readahead_marker, pgoff_t offset,
 382                    unsigned long req_size)
 383 {
 384         struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(mapping->host);
 385         unsigned long max_pages = ra->ra_pages;
 386         unsigned long add_pages;
 387         pgoff_t prev_offset;
 388
 389         /*
 390          * If the request exceeds the readahead window, allow the read to
 391          * be up to the optimal hardware IO size
 392          */
 393         if (req_size > max_pages && bdi->io_pages > max_pages)
 394                 max_pages = min(req_size, bdi->io_pages);
 395
 396         /*
 397          * start of file
 398          */
 399         if (!offset)
 400                 goto initial_readahead;
 401
 402         /*
 403          * It's the expected callback offset, assume sequential access.
 404          * Ramp up sizes, and push forward the readahead window.
 405          */
 406         if ((offset == (ra->start + ra->size - ra->async_size) ||
 407              offset == (ra->start + ra->size))) {
 408                 ra->start += ra->size;
 409                 ra->size = get_next_ra_size(ra, max_pages);
 410                 ra->async_size = ra->size;
 411                 goto readit;
 412         }
 413
 414         /*
 415          * Hit a marked page without valid readahead state.
 416          * E.g. interleaved reads.
 417          * Query the pagecache for async_size, which normally equals to
 418          * readahead size. Ramp it up and use it as the new readahead size.
 419          */
 420         if (hit_readahead_marker) {
 421                 pgoff_t start;
 422
 423                 rcu_read_lock();
 424                 start = page_cache_next_miss(mapping, offset + 1, max_pages);
 425                 rcu_read_unlock();
 426
 427                 if (!start || start - offset > max_pages)
 428                         return 0;
 429
 430                 ra->start = start;
 431                 ra->size = start - offset;      /* old async_size */
 432                 ra->size += req_size;
 433                 ra->size = get_next_ra_size(ra, max_pages);
 434                 ra->async_size = ra->size;
 435                 goto readit;
 436         }
 437
 438         /*
 439          * oversize read
 440          */
 441         if (req_size > max_pages)
 442                 goto initial_readahead;
 443
 444         /*
 445          * sequential cache miss
 446          * trivial case: (offset - prev_offset) == 1
 447          * unaligned reads: (offset - prev_offset) == 0
 448          */
 449         prev_offset = (unsigned long long)ra->prev_pos >> PAGE_SHIFT;
 450         if (offset - prev_offset <= 1UL)
 451                 goto initial_readahead;
 452
 453         /*
 454          * Query the page cache and look for the traces(cached history pages)
 455          * that a sequential stream would leave behind.
 456          */
 457         if (try_context_readahead(mapping, ra, offset, req_size, max_pages))
 458                 goto readit;
 459
 460         /*
 461          * standalone, small random read
 462          * Read as is, and do not pollute the readahead state.
 463          */
 464         return __do_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp, offset, req_size, 0);
 465
 466 initial_readahead:
 467         ra->start = offset;
 468         ra->size = get_init_ra_size(req_size, max_pages);
 469         ra->async_size = ra->size > req_size ? ra->size - req_size : ra->size;
 470
 471 readit:
 472         /*
 473          * Will this read hit the readahead marker made by itself?
 474          * If so, trigger the readahead marker hit now, and merge
 475          * the resulted next readahead window into the current one.
 476          * Take care of maximum IO pages as above.
 477          */
 478         if (offset == ra->start && ra->size == ra->async_size) {
 479                 add_pages = get_next_ra_size(ra, max_pages);
 480                 if (ra->size + add_pages <= max_pages) {
 481                         ra->async_size = add_pages;
 482                         ra->size += add_pages;
 483                 } else {
 484                         ra->size = max_pages;
 485                         ra->async_size = max_pages >> 1;
 486                 }
 487         }
 488
 489         return ra_submit(ra, mapping, filp);
 490 }
 491
 492 /**
 493  * page_cache_sync_readahead - generic file readahead
 494  * @mapping: address_space which holds the pagecache and I/O vectors
 495  * @ra: file_ra_state which holds the readahead state
 496  * @filp: passed on to ->readpage() and ->readpages()
 497  * @offset: start offset into @mapping, in pagecache page-sized units
 498  * @req_size: hint: total size of the read which the caller is performing in
 499  *            pagecache pages
 500  *
 501  * page_cache_sync_readahead() should be called when a cache miss happened:
 502  * it will submit the read.  The readahead logic may decide to piggyback more
 503  * pages onto the read request if access patterns suggest it will improve
 504  * performance.
 505  */
 506 void page_cache_sync_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
 507                                struct file_ra_state *ra, struct file *filp,
 508                                pgoff_t offset, unsigned long req_size)
 509 {
 510         /* no read-ahead */
 511         if (!ra->ra_pages)
 512                 return;
 513
 514         if (blk_cgroup_congested())
 515                 return;
 516
 517         /* be dumb */
 518         if (filp && (filp->f_mode & FMODE_RANDOM)) {
 519                 force_page_cache_readahead(mapping, filp, offset, req_size);
 520                 return;
 521         }
 522
 523         /* do read-ahead */
 524         ondemand_readahead(mapping, ra, filp, false, offset, req_size);
 525 }
 526 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(page_cache_sync_readahead);
 527
 528 /**
 529  * page_cache_async_readahead - file readahead for marked pages
 530  * @mapping: address_space which holds the pagecache and I/O vectors
 531  * @ra: file_ra_state which holds the readahead state
 532  * @filp: passed on to ->readpage() and ->readpages()
 533  * @page: the page at @offset which has the PG_readahead flag set
 534  * @offset: start offset into @mapping, in pagecache page-sized units
 535  * @req_size: hint: total size of the read which the caller is performing in
 536  *            pagecache pages
 537  *
 538  * page_cache_async_readahead() should be called when a page is used which
 539  * has the PG_readahead flag; this is a marker to suggest that the application
 540  * has used up enough of the readahead window that we should start pulling in
 541  * more pages.
 542  */
 543 void
 544 page_cache_async_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
 545                            struct file_ra_state *ra, struct file *filp,
 546                            struct page *page, pgoff_t offset,
 547                            unsigned long req_size)
 548 {
 549         /* no read-ahead */
 550         if (!ra->ra_pages)
 551                 return;
 552
 553         /*
 554          * Same bit is used for PG_readahead and PG_reclaim.
 555          */
 556         if (PageWriteback(page))
 557                 return;
 558
 559         ClearPageReadahead(page);
 560
 561         /*
 562          * Defer asynchronous read-ahead on IO congestion.
 563          */
 564         if (inode_read_congested(mapping->host))
 565                 return;
 566
 567         if (blk_cgroup_congested())
 568                 return;
 569
 570         /* do read-ahead */
 571         ondemand_readahead(mapping, ra, filp, true, offset, req_size);
 572 }
 573 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(page_cache_async_readahead);
 574
 575 ssize_t ksys_readahead(int fd, loff_t offset, size_t count)
 576 {
 577         ssize_t ret;
 578         struct fd f;
 579
 580         ret = -EBADF;
 581         f = fdget(fd);
 582         if (!f.file || !(f.file->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
 583                 goto out;
 584
 585         /*
 586          * The readahead() syscall is intended to run only on files
 587          * that can execute readahead. If readahead is not possible
 588          * on this file, then we must return -EINVAL.
 589          */
 590         ret = -EINVAL;
 591         if (!f.file->f_mapping || !f.file->f_mapping->a_ops ||
 592             !S_ISREG(file_inode(f.file)->i_mode))
 593                 goto out;
 594
 595         ret = vfs_fadvise(f.file, offset, count, POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED);
 596 out:
 597         fdput(f);
 598         return ret;
 599 }
 600
 601 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(readahead, int, fd, loff_t, offset, size_t, count)
 602 {
 603         return ksys_readahead(fd, offset, count);
 604 }