]>
git.ipfire.org Git - thirdparty/git.git/blob - remote-curl.c
7 #include "run-command.h"
11 static struct remote
*remote
;
12 static const char *url
; /* always ends with a trailing slash */
17 unsigned progress
: 1,
22 static struct options options
;
24 static int set_option(const char *name
, const char *value
)
26 if (!strcmp(name
, "verbosity")) {
28 int v
= strtol(value
, &end
, 10);
29 if (value
== end
|| *end
)
31 options
.verbosity
= v
;
34 else if (!strcmp(name
, "progress")) {
35 if (!strcmp(value
, "true"))
37 else if (!strcmp(value
, "false"))
43 else if (!strcmp(name
, "depth")) {
45 unsigned long v
= strtoul(value
, &end
, 10);
46 if (value
== end
|| *end
)
51 else if (!strcmp(name
, "followtags")) {
52 if (!strcmp(value
, "true"))
53 options
.followtags
= 1;
54 else if (!strcmp(value
, "false"))
55 options
.followtags
= 0;
60 else if (!strcmp(name
, "dry-run")) {
61 if (!strcmp(value
, "true"))
63 else if (!strcmp(value
, "false"))
70 return 1 /* unsupported */;
79 unsigned proto_git
: 1;
81 static struct discovery
*last_discovery
;
83 static void free_discovery(struct discovery
*d
)
86 if (d
== last_discovery
)
87 last_discovery
= NULL
;
93 static struct discovery
* discover_refs(const char *service
)
95 struct strbuf exp
= STRBUF_INIT
;
96 struct strbuf type
= STRBUF_INIT
;
97 struct strbuf buffer
= STRBUF_INIT
;
98 struct discovery
*last
= last_discovery
;
100 int http_ret
, maybe_smart
= 0;
102 if (last
&& !strcmp(service
, last
->service
))
104 free_discovery(last
);
106 strbuf_addf(&buffer
, "%sinfo/refs", url
);
107 if ((!prefixcmp(url
, "http://") || !prefixcmp(url
, "https://")) &&
108 git_env_bool("GIT_SMART_HTTP", 1)) {
110 if (!strchr(url
, '?'))
111 strbuf_addch(&buffer
, '?');
113 strbuf_addch(&buffer
, '&');
114 strbuf_addf(&buffer
, "service=%s", service
);
116 refs_url
= strbuf_detach(&buffer
, NULL
);
118 http_ret
= http_get_strbuf(refs_url
, &type
, &buffer
, HTTP_NO_CACHE
);
122 case HTTP_MISSING_TARGET
:
123 die("%s not found: did you run git update-server-info on the"
124 " server?", refs_url
);
126 die("Authentication failed");
128 http_error(refs_url
, http_ret
);
129 die("HTTP request failed");
132 last
= xcalloc(1, sizeof(*last_discovery
));
133 last
->service
= service
;
134 last
->buf_alloc
= strbuf_detach(&buffer
, &last
->len
);
135 last
->buf
= last
->buf_alloc
;
137 strbuf_addf(&exp
, "application/x-%s-advertisement", service
);
139 (5 <= last
->len
&& last
->buf
[4] == '#') &&
140 !strbuf_cmp(&exp
, &type
)) {
144 * smart HTTP response; validate that the service
145 * pkt-line matches our request.
147 line
= packet_read_line_buf(&last
->buf
, &last
->len
, NULL
);
150 strbuf_addf(&exp
, "# service=%s", service
);
151 if (strcmp(line
, exp
.buf
))
152 die("invalid server response; got '%s'", line
);
153 strbuf_release(&exp
);
155 /* The header can include additional metadata lines, up
156 * until a packet flush marker. Ignore these now, but
157 * in the future we might start to scan them.
159 while (packet_read_line_buf(&last
->buf
, &last
->len
, NULL
))
166 strbuf_release(&exp
);
167 strbuf_release(&type
);
168 strbuf_release(&buffer
);
169 last_discovery
= last
;
173 static int write_discovery(int in
, int out
, void *data
)
175 struct discovery
*heads
= data
;
177 if (write_in_full(out
, heads
->buf
, heads
->len
) != heads
->len
)
183 static struct ref
*parse_git_refs(struct discovery
*heads
, int for_push
)
185 struct ref
*list
= NULL
;
188 memset(&async
, 0, sizeof(async
));
189 async
.proc
= write_discovery
;
193 if (start_async(&async
))
194 die("cannot start thread to parse advertised refs");
195 get_remote_heads(async
.out
, NULL
, 0, &list
,
196 for_push
? REF_NORMAL
: 0, NULL
);
198 if (finish_async(&async
))
199 die("ref parsing thread failed");
203 static struct ref
*parse_info_refs(struct discovery
*heads
)
205 char *data
, *start
, *mid
;
209 struct ref
*refs
= NULL
;
210 struct ref
*ref
= NULL
;
211 struct ref
*last_ref
= NULL
;
216 while (i
< heads
->len
) {
222 if (data
[i
] == '\n') {
223 if (mid
- start
!= 40)
224 die("%sinfo/refs not valid: is this a git repository?", url
);
227 ref
= xmalloc(sizeof(struct ref
) +
228 strlen(ref_name
) + 1);
229 memset(ref
, 0, sizeof(struct ref
));
230 strcpy(ref
->name
, ref_name
);
231 get_sha1_hex(start
, ref
->old_sha1
);
235 last_ref
->next
= ref
;
242 ref
= alloc_ref("HEAD");
243 if (!http_fetch_ref(url
, ref
) &&
244 !resolve_remote_symref(ref
, refs
)) {
254 static struct ref
*get_refs(int for_push
)
256 struct discovery
*heads
;
259 heads
= discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
261 heads
= discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
263 if (heads
->proto_git
)
264 return parse_git_refs(heads
, for_push
);
265 return parse_info_refs(heads
);
268 static void output_refs(struct ref
*refs
)
271 for (posn
= refs
; posn
; posn
= posn
->next
) {
273 printf("@%s %s\n", posn
->symref
, posn
->name
);
275 printf("%s %s\n", sha1_to_hex(posn
->old_sha1
), posn
->name
);
283 const char *service_name
;
285 struct strbuf
*stdin_preamble
;
287 char *hdr_content_type
;
295 struct strbuf result
;
296 unsigned gzip_request
: 1;
297 unsigned initial_buffer
: 1;
300 static size_t rpc_out(void *ptr
, size_t eltsize
,
301 size_t nmemb
, void *buffer_
)
303 size_t max
= eltsize
* nmemb
;
304 struct rpc_state
*rpc
= buffer_
;
305 size_t avail
= rpc
->len
- rpc
->pos
;
308 rpc
->initial_buffer
= 0;
309 avail
= packet_read(rpc
->out
, NULL
, NULL
, rpc
->buf
, rpc
->alloc
, 0);
318 memcpy(ptr
, rpc
->buf
+ rpc
->pos
, avail
);
323 #ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
324 static curlioerr
rpc_ioctl(CURL
*handle
, int cmd
, void *clientp
)
326 struct rpc_state
*rpc
= clientp
;
332 case CURLIOCMD_RESTARTREAD
:
333 if (rpc
->initial_buffer
) {
337 fprintf(stderr
, "Unable to rewind rpc post data - try increasing http.postBuffer\n");
338 return CURLIOE_FAILRESTART
;
341 return CURLIOE_UNKNOWNCMD
;
346 static size_t rpc_in(char *ptr
, size_t eltsize
,
347 size_t nmemb
, void *buffer_
)
349 size_t size
= eltsize
* nmemb
;
350 struct rpc_state
*rpc
= buffer_
;
351 write_or_die(rpc
->in
, ptr
, size
);
355 static int run_slot(struct active_request_slot
*slot
)
358 struct slot_results results
;
360 slot
->results
= &results
;
361 slot
->curl_result
= curl_easy_perform(slot
->curl
);
362 finish_active_slot(slot
);
364 err
= handle_curl_result(&results
);
365 if (err
!= HTTP_OK
&& err
!= HTTP_REAUTH
) {
366 error("RPC failed; result=%d, HTTP code = %ld",
367 results
.curl_result
, results
.http_code
);
373 static int probe_rpc(struct rpc_state
*rpc
)
375 struct active_request_slot
*slot
;
376 struct curl_slist
*headers
= NULL
;
377 struct strbuf buf
= STRBUF_INIT
;
380 slot
= get_active_slot();
382 headers
= curl_slist_append(headers
, rpc
->hdr_content_type
);
383 headers
= curl_slist_append(headers
, rpc
->hdr_accept
);
385 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_NOBODY
, 0);
386 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_POST
, 1);
387 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_URL
, rpc
->service_url
);
388 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_ENCODING
, NULL
);
389 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS
, "0000");
390 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE
, 4);
391 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER
, headers
);
392 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION
, fwrite_buffer
);
393 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_FILE
, &buf
);
395 err
= run_slot(slot
);
397 curl_slist_free_all(headers
);
398 strbuf_release(&buf
);
402 static int post_rpc(struct rpc_state
*rpc
)
404 struct active_request_slot
*slot
;
405 struct curl_slist
*headers
= NULL
;
406 int use_gzip
= rpc
->gzip_request
;
407 char *gzip_body
= NULL
;
408 size_t gzip_size
= 0;
409 int err
, large_request
= 0;
411 /* Try to load the entire request, if we can fit it into the
412 * allocated buffer space we can use HTTP/1.0 and avoid the
413 * chunked encoding mess.
416 size_t left
= rpc
->alloc
- rpc
->len
;
417 char *buf
= rpc
->buf
+ rpc
->len
;
420 if (left
< LARGE_PACKET_MAX
) {
426 n
= packet_read(rpc
->out
, NULL
, NULL
, buf
, left
, 0);
434 err
= probe_rpc(rpc
);
435 } while (err
== HTTP_REAUTH
);
440 headers
= curl_slist_append(headers
, rpc
->hdr_content_type
);
441 headers
= curl_slist_append(headers
, rpc
->hdr_accept
);
442 headers
= curl_slist_append(headers
, "Expect:");
445 slot
= get_active_slot();
447 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_NOBODY
, 0);
448 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_POST
, 1);
449 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_URL
, rpc
->service_url
);
450 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_ENCODING
, "gzip");
453 /* The request body is large and the size cannot be predicted.
454 * We must use chunked encoding to send it.
456 headers
= curl_slist_append(headers
, "Transfer-Encoding: chunked");
457 rpc
->initial_buffer
= 1;
458 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION
, rpc_out
);
459 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_INFILE
, rpc
);
460 #ifndef NO_CURL_IOCTL
461 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_IOCTLFUNCTION
, rpc_ioctl
);
462 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_IOCTLDATA
, rpc
);
464 if (options
.verbosity
> 1) {
465 fprintf(stderr
, "POST %s (chunked)\n", rpc
->service_name
);
469 } else if (gzip_body
) {
471 * If we are looping to retry authentication, then the previous
472 * run will have set up the headers and gzip buffer already,
473 * and we just need to send it.
475 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS
, gzip_body
);
476 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE
, gzip_size
);
478 } else if (use_gzip
&& 1024 < rpc
->len
) {
479 /* The client backend isn't giving us compressed data so
480 * we can try to deflate it ourselves, this may save on.
486 memset(&stream
, 0, sizeof(stream
));
487 git_deflate_init_gzip(&stream
, Z_BEST_COMPRESSION
);
488 gzip_size
= git_deflate_bound(&stream
, rpc
->len
);
489 gzip_body
= xmalloc(gzip_size
);
491 stream
.next_in
= (unsigned char *)rpc
->buf
;
492 stream
.avail_in
= rpc
->len
;
493 stream
.next_out
= (unsigned char *)gzip_body
;
494 stream
.avail_out
= gzip_size
;
496 ret
= git_deflate(&stream
, Z_FINISH
);
497 if (ret
!= Z_STREAM_END
)
498 die("cannot deflate request; zlib deflate error %d", ret
);
500 ret
= git_deflate_end_gently(&stream
);
502 die("cannot deflate request; zlib end error %d", ret
);
504 gzip_size
= stream
.total_out
;
506 headers
= curl_slist_append(headers
, "Content-Encoding: gzip");
507 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS
, gzip_body
);
508 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE
, gzip_size
);
510 if (options
.verbosity
> 1) {
511 fprintf(stderr
, "POST %s (gzip %lu to %lu bytes)\n",
513 (unsigned long)rpc
->len
, (unsigned long)gzip_size
);
517 /* We know the complete request size in advance, use the
518 * more normal Content-Length approach.
520 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS
, rpc
->buf
);
521 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE
, rpc
->len
);
522 if (options
.verbosity
> 1) {
523 fprintf(stderr
, "POST %s (%lu bytes)\n",
524 rpc
->service_name
, (unsigned long)rpc
->len
);
529 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER
, headers
);
530 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION
, rpc_in
);
531 curl_easy_setopt(slot
->curl
, CURLOPT_FILE
, rpc
);
533 err
= run_slot(slot
);
534 if (err
== HTTP_REAUTH
&& !large_request
)
539 curl_slist_free_all(headers
);
544 static int rpc_service(struct rpc_state
*rpc
, struct discovery
*heads
)
546 const char *svc
= rpc
->service_name
;
547 struct strbuf buf
= STRBUF_INIT
;
548 struct strbuf
*preamble
= rpc
->stdin_preamble
;
549 struct child_process client
;
552 memset(&client
, 0, sizeof(client
));
556 client
.argv
= rpc
->argv
;
557 if (start_command(&client
))
560 write_or_die(client
.in
, preamble
->buf
, preamble
->len
);
562 write_or_die(client
.in
, heads
->buf
, heads
->len
);
564 rpc
->alloc
= http_post_buffer
;
565 rpc
->buf
= xmalloc(rpc
->alloc
);
567 rpc
->out
= client
.out
;
568 strbuf_init(&rpc
->result
, 0);
570 strbuf_addf(&buf
, "%s%s", url
, svc
);
571 rpc
->service_url
= strbuf_detach(&buf
, NULL
);
573 strbuf_addf(&buf
, "Content-Type: application/x-%s-request", svc
);
574 rpc
->hdr_content_type
= strbuf_detach(&buf
, NULL
);
576 strbuf_addf(&buf
, "Accept: application/x-%s-result", svc
);
577 rpc
->hdr_accept
= strbuf_detach(&buf
, NULL
);
580 int n
= packet_read(rpc
->out
, NULL
, NULL
, rpc
->buf
, rpc
->alloc
, 0);
585 err
|= post_rpc(rpc
);
591 strbuf_read(&rpc
->result
, client
.out
, 0);
595 if (xread(client
.out
, buf
, sizeof(buf
)) <= 0)
602 err
|= finish_command(&client
);
603 free(rpc
->service_url
);
604 free(rpc
->hdr_content_type
);
605 free(rpc
->hdr_accept
);
607 strbuf_release(&buf
);
611 static int fetch_dumb(int nr_heads
, struct ref
**to_fetch
)
613 struct walker
*walker
;
614 char **targets
= xmalloc(nr_heads
* sizeof(char*));
618 die("dumb http transport does not support --depth");
619 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_heads
; i
++)
620 targets
[i
] = xstrdup(sha1_to_hex(to_fetch
[i
]->old_sha1
));
622 walker
= get_http_walker(url
);
624 walker
->get_tree
= 1;
625 walker
->get_history
= 1;
626 walker
->get_verbosely
= options
.verbosity
>= 3;
627 walker
->get_recover
= 0;
628 ret
= walker_fetch(walker
, nr_heads
, targets
, NULL
, NULL
);
631 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_heads
; i
++)
635 return ret
? error("Fetch failed.") : 0;
638 static int fetch_git(struct discovery
*heads
,
639 int nr_heads
, struct ref
**to_fetch
)
641 struct rpc_state rpc
;
642 struct strbuf preamble
= STRBUF_INIT
;
643 char *depth_arg
= NULL
;
644 int argc
= 0, i
, err
;
645 const char *argv
[15];
647 argv
[argc
++] = "fetch-pack";
648 argv
[argc
++] = "--stateless-rpc";
649 argv
[argc
++] = "--stdin";
650 argv
[argc
++] = "--lock-pack";
651 if (options
.followtags
)
652 argv
[argc
++] = "--include-tag";
654 argv
[argc
++] = "--thin";
655 if (options
.verbosity
>= 3) {
659 if (!options
.progress
)
660 argv
[argc
++] = "--no-progress";
662 struct strbuf buf
= STRBUF_INIT
;
663 strbuf_addf(&buf
, "--depth=%lu", options
.depth
);
664 depth_arg
= strbuf_detach(&buf
, NULL
);
665 argv
[argc
++] = depth_arg
;
670 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_heads
; i
++) {
671 struct ref
*ref
= to_fetch
[i
];
672 if (!ref
->name
|| !*ref
->name
)
673 die("cannot fetch by sha1 over smart http");
674 packet_buf_write(&preamble
, "%s\n", ref
->name
);
676 packet_buf_flush(&preamble
);
678 memset(&rpc
, 0, sizeof(rpc
));
679 rpc
.service_name
= "git-upload-pack",
681 rpc
.stdin_preamble
= &preamble
;
682 rpc
.gzip_request
= 1;
684 err
= rpc_service(&rpc
, heads
);
686 write_or_die(1, rpc
.result
.buf
, rpc
.result
.len
);
687 strbuf_release(&rpc
.result
);
688 strbuf_release(&preamble
);
693 static int fetch(int nr_heads
, struct ref
**to_fetch
)
695 struct discovery
*d
= discover_refs("git-upload-pack");
697 return fetch_git(d
, nr_heads
, to_fetch
);
699 return fetch_dumb(nr_heads
, to_fetch
);
702 static void parse_fetch(struct strbuf
*buf
)
704 struct ref
**to_fetch
= NULL
;
705 struct ref
*list_head
= NULL
;
706 struct ref
**list
= &list_head
;
707 int alloc_heads
= 0, nr_heads
= 0;
710 if (!prefixcmp(buf
->buf
, "fetch ")) {
711 char *p
= buf
->buf
+ strlen("fetch ");
714 unsigned char old_sha1
[20];
716 if (strlen(p
) < 40 || get_sha1_hex(p
, old_sha1
))
717 die("protocol error: expected sha/ref, got %s'", p
);
723 die("protocol error: expected sha/ref, got %s'", p
);
725 ref
= alloc_ref(name
);
726 hashcpy(ref
->old_sha1
, old_sha1
);
731 ALLOC_GROW(to_fetch
, nr_heads
+ 1, alloc_heads
);
732 to_fetch
[nr_heads
++] = ref
;
735 die("http transport does not support %s", buf
->buf
);
738 if (strbuf_getline(buf
, stdin
, '\n') == EOF
)
744 if (fetch(nr_heads
, to_fetch
))
745 exit(128); /* error already reported */
746 free_refs(list_head
);
754 static int push_dav(int nr_spec
, char **specs
)
756 const char **argv
= xmalloc((10 + nr_spec
) * sizeof(char*));
759 argv
[argc
++] = "http-push";
760 argv
[argc
++] = "--helper-status";
762 argv
[argc
++] = "--dry-run";
763 if (options
.verbosity
> 1)
764 argv
[argc
++] = "--verbose";
766 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_spec
; i
++)
767 argv
[argc
++] = specs
[i
];
770 if (run_command_v_opt(argv
, RUN_GIT_CMD
))
771 die("git-%s failed", argv
[0]);
776 static int push_git(struct discovery
*heads
, int nr_spec
, char **specs
)
778 struct rpc_state rpc
;
780 int argc
= 0, i
, err
;
782 argv
= xmalloc((10 + nr_spec
) * sizeof(char*));
783 argv
[argc
++] = "send-pack";
784 argv
[argc
++] = "--stateless-rpc";
785 argv
[argc
++] = "--helper-status";
787 argv
[argc
++] = "--thin";
789 argv
[argc
++] = "--dry-run";
790 if (options
.verbosity
== 0)
791 argv
[argc
++] = "--quiet";
792 else if (options
.verbosity
> 1)
793 argv
[argc
++] = "--verbose";
794 argv
[argc
++] = options
.progress
? "--progress" : "--no-progress";
796 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_spec
; i
++)
797 argv
[argc
++] = specs
[i
];
800 memset(&rpc
, 0, sizeof(rpc
));
801 rpc
.service_name
= "git-receive-pack",
804 err
= rpc_service(&rpc
, heads
);
806 write_or_die(1, rpc
.result
.buf
, rpc
.result
.len
);
807 strbuf_release(&rpc
.result
);
812 static int push(int nr_spec
, char **specs
)
814 struct discovery
*heads
= discover_refs("git-receive-pack");
817 if (heads
->proto_git
)
818 ret
= push_git(heads
, nr_spec
, specs
);
820 ret
= push_dav(nr_spec
, specs
);
821 free_discovery(heads
);
825 static void parse_push(struct strbuf
*buf
)
828 int alloc_spec
= 0, nr_spec
= 0, i
, ret
;
831 if (!prefixcmp(buf
->buf
, "push ")) {
832 ALLOC_GROW(specs
, nr_spec
+ 1, alloc_spec
);
833 specs
[nr_spec
++] = xstrdup(buf
->buf
+ 5);
836 die("http transport does not support %s", buf
->buf
);
839 if (strbuf_getline(buf
, stdin
, '\n') == EOF
)
845 ret
= push(nr_spec
, specs
);
850 exit(128); /* error already reported */
853 for (i
= 0; i
< nr_spec
; i
++)
858 int main(int argc
, const char **argv
)
860 struct strbuf buf
= STRBUF_INIT
;
863 git_extract_argv0_path(argv
[0]);
864 setup_git_directory_gently(&nongit
);
866 fprintf(stderr
, "Remote needed\n");
870 options
.verbosity
= 1;
871 options
.progress
= !!isatty(2);
874 remote
= remote_get(argv
[1]);
877 end_url_with_slash(&buf
, argv
[2]);
879 end_url_with_slash(&buf
, remote
->url
[0]);
882 url
= strbuf_detach(&buf
, NULL
);
884 http_init(remote
, url
, 0);
887 if (strbuf_getline(&buf
, stdin
, '\n') == EOF
) {
889 fprintf(stderr
, "Error reading command stream\n");
891 fprintf(stderr
, "Unexpected end of command stream\n");
896 if (!prefixcmp(buf
.buf
, "fetch ")) {
898 die("Fetch attempted without a local repo");
901 } else if (!strcmp(buf
.buf
, "list") || !prefixcmp(buf
.buf
, "list ")) {
902 int for_push
= !!strstr(buf
.buf
+ 4, "for-push");
903 output_refs(get_refs(for_push
));
905 } else if (!prefixcmp(buf
.buf
, "push ")) {
908 } else if (!prefixcmp(buf
.buf
, "option ")) {
909 char *name
= buf
.buf
+ strlen("option ");
910 char *value
= strchr(name
, ' ');
918 result
= set_option(name
, value
);
922 printf("error invalid value\n");
924 printf("unsupported\n");
927 } else if (!strcmp(buf
.buf
, "capabilities")) {
934 fprintf(stderr
, "Unknown command '%s'\n", buf
.buf
);