setpci.c

   1 /*
   2  *      The PCI Utilities -- Manipulate PCI Configuration Registers
   3  *
   4  *      Copyright (c) 1998--2008 Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
   5  *
   6  *      Can be freely distributed and used under the terms of the GNU GPL.
   7  */
   8
   9 #include <stdio.h>
  10 #include <string.h>
  11 #include <stdlib.h>
  12 #include <stdarg.h>
  13 #include <unistd.h>
  14 #include <errno.h>
  15
  16 #define PCIUTILS_SETPCI
  17 #include "pciutils.h"
  18
  19 static int force;                       /* Don't complain if no devices match */
  20 static int verbose;                     /* Verbosity level */
  21 static int demo_mode;                   /* Only show */
  22
  23 const char program_name[] = "setpci";
  24
  25 static struct pci_access *pacc;
  26
  27 struct value {
  28   unsigned int value;
  29   unsigned int mask;
  30 };
  31
  32 struct op {
  33   struct op *next;
  34   struct pci_dev **dev_vector;
  35   u16 cap_type;                         /* PCI_CAP_xxx or 0 */
  36   u16 cap_id;
  37   unsigned int addr;
  38   unsigned int width;                   /* Byte width of the access */
  39   unsigned int num_values;              /* Number of values to write; 0=read */
  40   struct value values[0];
  41 };
  42
  43 static struct op *first_op, **last_op = &first_op;
  44 static unsigned int max_values[] = { 0, 0xff, 0xffff, 0, 0xffffffff };
  45
  46 static struct pci_dev **
  47 select_devices(struct pci_filter *filt)
  48 {
  49   struct pci_dev *z, **a, **b;
  50   int cnt = 1;
  51
  52   for (z=pacc->devices; z; z=z->next)
  53     if (pci_filter_match(filt, z))
  54       cnt++;
  55   a = b = xmalloc(sizeof(struct device *) * cnt);
  56   for (z=pacc->devices; z; z=z->next)
  57     if (pci_filter_match(filt, z))
  58       *a++ = z;
  59   *a = NULL;
  60   return b;
  61 }
  62
  63 static void
  64 trace(const char *fmt, ...)
  65 {
  66   va_list args;
  67   va_start(args, fmt);
  68   if (verbose)
  69     vprintf(fmt, args);
  70   va_end(args);
  71 }
  72
  73 static void
  74 exec_op(struct op *op, struct pci_dev *dev)
  75 {
  76   const char * const formats[] = { NULL, " %02x", " %04x", NULL, " %08x" };
  77   const char * const mask_formats[] = { NULL, " %02x->(%02x:%02x)->%02x", " %04x->(%04x:%04x)->%04x", NULL, " %08x->(%08x:%08x)->%08x" };
  78   unsigned int i, x, y;
  79   int addr = 0;
  80   int width = op->width;
  81   char slot[16];
  82
  83   sprintf(slot, "%04x:%02x:%02x.%x", dev->domain, dev->bus, dev->dev, dev->func);
  84   trace("%s", slot);
  85   if (op->cap_type)
  86     {
  87       struct pci_cap *cap;
  88       trace(((op->cap_type == PCI_CAP_NORMAL) ? "(cap %02x)" : "(ecap %04x)"), op->cap_id);
  89       cap = pci_find_cap(dev, op->cap_id, op->cap_type);
  90       if (cap)
  91         addr = cap->addr;
  92       else
  93         die("%s: %s %04x not found", slot, ((op->cap_type == PCI_CAP_NORMAL) ? "Capability" : "Extended capability"), op->cap_id);
  94     }
  95   addr += op->addr;
  96   trace(":%02x", addr);
  97
  98   /* We have already checked it when parsing, but addressing relative to capabilities can change the address. */
  99   if (addr & (width-1))
 100     die("%s: Unaligned access of width %d to register %04x", slot, width, addr);
 101   if (addr + width > 0x1000)
 102     die("%s: Access of width %d to register %04x out of range", slot, width, addr);
 103
 104   if (op->num_values)
 105     {
 106       for (i=0; i<op->num_values; i++)
 107         {
 108           if ((op->values[i].mask & max_values[width]) == max_values[width])
 109             {
 110               x = op->values[i].value;
 111               trace(formats[width], op->values[i].value);
 112             }
 113           else
 114             {
 115               switch (width)
 116                 {
 117                 case 1:
 118                   y = pci_read_byte(dev, addr);
 119                   break;
 120                 case 2:
 121                   y = pci_read_word(dev, addr);
 122                   break;
 123                 default:
 124                   y = pci_read_long(dev, addr);
 125                   break;
 126                 }
 127               x = (y & ~op->values[i].mask) | op->values[i].value;
 128               trace(mask_formats[width], y, op->values[i].value, op->values[i].mask, x);
 129             }
 130           if (!demo_mode)
 131             {
 132               switch (width)
 133                 {
 134                 case 1:
 135                   pci_write_byte(dev, addr, x);
 136                   break;
 137                 case 2:
 138                   pci_write_word(dev, addr, x);
 139                   break;
 140                 default:
 141                   pci_write_long(dev, addr, x);
 142                   break;
 143                 }
 144             }
 145           addr += width;
 146         }
 147       trace("\n");
 148     }
 149   else
 150     {
 151       trace(" = ");
 152       switch (width)
 153         {
 154         case 1:
 155           x = pci_read_byte(dev, addr);
 156           break;
 157         case 2:
 158           x = pci_read_word(dev, addr);
 159           break;
 160         default:
 161           x = pci_read_long(dev, addr);
 162           break;
 163         }
 164       printf(formats[width]+1, x);
 165       putchar('\n');
 166     }
 167 }
 168
 169 static void
 170 execute(struct op *op)
 171 {
 172   struct pci_dev **vec = NULL;
 173   struct pci_dev **pdev, *dev;
 174   struct op *oops;
 175
 176   while (op)
 177     {
 178       pdev = vec = op->dev_vector;
 179       while (dev = *pdev++)
 180         for (oops=op; oops && oops->dev_vector == vec; oops=oops->next)
 181           exec_op(oops, dev);
 182       while (op && op->dev_vector == vec)
 183         op = op->next;
 184     }
 185 }
 186
 187 static void
 188 scan_ops(struct op *op)
 189 {
 190   while (op)
 191     {
 192       if (op->num_values)
 193         pacc->writeable = 1;
 194       op = op->next;
 195     }
 196 }
 197
 198 struct reg_name {
 199   unsigned int cap;
 200   unsigned int offset;
 201   unsigned int width;
 202   const char *name;
 203 };
 204
 205 static const struct reg_name pci_reg_names[] = {
 206   {       0, 0x00, 2, "VENDOR_ID" },
 207   {       0, 0x02, 2, "DEVICE_ID" },
 208   {       0, 0x04, 2, "COMMAND" },
 209   {       0, 0x06, 2, "STATUS" },
 210   {       0, 0x08, 1, "REVISION" },
 211   {       0, 0x09, 1, "CLASS_PROG" },
 212   {       0, 0x0a, 2, "CLASS_DEVICE" },
 213   {       0, 0x0c, 1, "CACHE_LINE_SIZE" },
 214   {       0, 0x0d, 1, "LATENCY_TIMER" },
 215   {       0, 0x0e, 1, "HEADER_TYPE" },
 216   {       0, 0x0f, 1, "BIST" },
 217   {       0, 0x10, 4, "BASE_ADDRESS_0" },
 218   {       0, 0x14, 4, "BASE_ADDRESS_1" },
 219   {       0, 0x18, 4, "BASE_ADDRESS_2" },
 220   {       0, 0x1c, 4, "BASE_ADDRESS_3" },
 221   {       0, 0x20, 4, "BASE_ADDRESS_4" },
 222   {       0, 0x24, 4, "BASE_ADDRESS_5" },
 223   {       0, 0x28, 4, "CARDBUS_CIS" },
 224   {       0, 0x2c, 4, "SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID" },
 225   {       0, 0x2e, 2, "SUBSYSTEM_ID" },
 226   {       0, 0x30, 4, "ROM_ADDRESS" },
 227   {       0, 0x3c, 1, "INTERRUPT_LINE" },
 228   {       0, 0x3d, 1, "INTERRUPT_PIN" },
 229   {       0, 0x3e, 1, "MIN_GNT" },
 230   {       0, 0x3f, 1, "MAX_LAT" },
 231   {       0, 0x18, 1, "PRIMARY_BUS" },
 232   {       0, 0x19, 1, "SECONDARY_BUS" },
 233   {       0, 0x1a, 1, "SUBORDINATE_BUS" },
 234   {       0, 0x1b, 1, "SEC_LATENCY_TIMER" },
 235   {       0, 0x1c, 1, "IO_BASE" },
 236   {       0, 0x1d, 1, "IO_LIMIT" },
 237   {       0, 0x1e, 2, "SEC_STATUS" },
 238   {       0, 0x20, 2, "MEMORY_BASE" },
 239   {       0, 0x22, 2, "MEMORY_LIMIT" },
 240   {       0, 0x24, 2, "PREF_MEMORY_BASE" },
 241   {       0, 0x26, 2, "PREF_MEMORY_LIMIT" },
 242   {       0, 0x28, 4, "PREF_BASE_UPPER32" },
 243   {       0, 0x2c, 4, "PREF_LIMIT_UPPER32" },
 244   {       0, 0x30, 2, "IO_BASE_UPPER16" },
 245   {       0, 0x32, 2, "IO_LIMIT_UPPER16" },
 246   {       0, 0x38, 4, "BRIDGE_ROM_ADDRESS" },
 247   {       0, 0x3e, 2, "BRIDGE_CONTROL" },
 248   {       0, 0x10, 4, "CB_CARDBUS_BASE" },
 249   {       0, 0x14, 2, "CB_CAPABILITIES" },
 250   {       0, 0x16, 2, "CB_SEC_STATUS" },
 251   {       0, 0x18, 1, "CB_BUS_NUMBER" },
 252   {       0, 0x19, 1, "CB_CARDBUS_NUMBER" },
 253   {       0, 0x1a, 1, "CB_SUBORDINATE_BUS" },
 254   {       0, 0x1b, 1, "CB_CARDBUS_LATENCY" },
 255   {       0, 0x1c, 4, "CB_MEMORY_BASE_0" },
 256   {       0, 0x20, 4, "CB_MEMORY_LIMIT_0" },
 257   {       0, 0x24, 4, "CB_MEMORY_BASE_1" },
 258   {       0, 0x28, 4, "CB_MEMORY_LIMIT_1" },
 259   {       0, 0x2c, 2, "CB_IO_BASE_0" },
 260   {       0, 0x2e, 2, "CB_IO_BASE_0_HI" },
 261   {       0, 0x30, 2, "CB_IO_LIMIT_0" },
 262   {       0, 0x32, 2, "CB_IO_LIMIT_0_HI" },
 263   {       0, 0x34, 2, "CB_IO_BASE_1" },
 264   {       0, 0x36, 2, "CB_IO_BASE_1_HI" },
 265   {       0, 0x38, 2, "CB_IO_LIMIT_1" },
 266   {       0, 0x3a, 2, "CB_IO_LIMIT_1_HI" },
 267   {       0, 0x40, 2, "CB_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID" },
 268   {       0, 0x42, 2, "CB_SUBSYSTEM_ID" },
 269   {       0, 0x44, 4, "CB_LEGACY_MODE_BASE" },
 270   { 0x10001,    0, 0, "CAP_PM" },
 271   { 0x10002,    0, 0, "CAP_AGP" },
 272   { 0x10003,    0, 0, "CAP_VPD" },
 273   { 0x10004,    0, 0, "CAP_SLOTID" },
 274   { 0x10005,    0, 0, "CAP_MSI" },
 275   { 0x10006,    0, 0, "CAP_CHSWP" },
 276   { 0x10007,    0, 0, "CAP_PCIX" },
 277   { 0x10008,    0, 0, "CAP_HT" },
 278   { 0x10009,    0, 0, "CAP_VNDR" },
 279   { 0x1000a,    0, 0, "CAP_DBG" },
 280   { 0x1000b,    0, 0, "CAP_CCRC" },
 281   { 0x1000c,    0, 0, "CAP_HOTPLUG" },
 282   { 0x1000d,    0, 0, "CAP_SSVID" },
 283   { 0x1000e,    0, 0, "CAP_AGP3" },
 284   { 0x1000f,    0, 0, "CAP_SECURE" },
 285   { 0x10010,    0, 0, "CAP_EXP" },
 286   { 0x10011,    0, 0, "CAP_MSIX" },
 287   { 0x10012,    0, 0, "CAP_SATA" },
 288   { 0x10013,    0, 0, "CAP_AF" },
 289   { 0x20001,    0, 0, "ECAP_AER" },
 290   { 0x20002,    0, 0, "ECAP_VC" },
 291   { 0x20003,    0, 0, "ECAP_DSN" },
 292   { 0x20004,    0, 0, "ECAP_PB" },
 293   { 0x20005,    0, 0, "ECAP_RCLINK" },
 294   { 0x20006,    0, 0, "ECAP_RCILINK" },
 295   { 0x20007,    0, 0, "ECAP_RCECOLL" },
 296   { 0x20008,    0, 0, "ECAP_MFVC" },
 297   { 0x2000a,    0, 0, "ECAP_RBCB" },
 298   { 0x2000b,    0, 0, "ECAP_VNDR" },
 299   { 0x2000d,    0, 0, "ECAP_ACS" },
 300   { 0x2000e,    0, 0, "ECAP_ARI" },
 301   { 0x2000f,    0, 0, "ECAP_ATS" },
 302   { 0x20010,    0, 0, "ECAP_SRIOV" },
 303   {       0,    0, 0, NULL }
 304 };
 305
 306 static void
 307 dump_registers(void)
 308 {
 309   const struct reg_name *r;
 310
 311   printf("cap pos w name\n");
 312   for (r = pci_reg_names; r->name; r++)
 313     {
 314       if (r->cap >= 0x20000)
 315         printf("%04x", r->cap - 0x20000);
 316       else if (r->cap)
 317         printf("  %02x", r->cap - 0x10000);
 318       else
 319         printf("    ");
 320       printf(" %02x %c %s\n", r->offset, "-BW?L"[r->width], r->name);
 321     }
 322 }
 323
 324 static void NONRET PCI_PRINTF(1,2)
 325 usage(char *msg, ...)
 326 {
 327   va_list args;
 328   va_start(args, msg);
 329   if (msg)
 330     {
 331       fprintf(stderr, "setpci: ");
 332       vfprintf(stderr, msg, args);
 333       fprintf(stderr, "\n\n");
 334     }
 335   fprintf(stderr,
 336 "Usage: setpci [<options>] (<device>+ <reg>[=<values>]*)*\n"
 337 "\n"
 338 "General options:\n"
 339 "-f\t\tDon't complain if there's nothing to do\n"
 340 "-v\t\tBe verbose\n"
 341 "-D\t\tList changes, don't commit them\n"
 342 "--dumpregs\tDump all known register names and exit\n"
 343 "\n"
 344 "PCI access options:\n"
 345 GENERIC_HELP
 346 "\n"
 347 "Setting commands:\n"
 348 "<device>:\t-s [[[<domain>]:][<bus>]:][<slot>][.[<func>]]\n"
 349 "\t\t-d [<vendor>]:[<device>]\n"
 350 "<reg>:\t\t<base>[+<offset>][.(B|W|L)]\n"
 351 "<base>:\t\t<address>\n"
 352 "\t\t<named-register>\n"
 353 "\t\t[E]CAP_<capability-name>\n"
 354 "\t\t[E]CAP<capability-number>\n"
 355 "<values>:\t<value>[,<value>...]\n"
 356 "<value>:\t<hex>\n"
 357 "\t\t<hex>:<mask>\n");
 358   exit(1);
 359 }
 360
 361 static int
 362 parse_options(int argc, char **argv)
 363 {
 364   char *opts = GENERIC_OPTIONS;
 365   int i=1;
 366
 367   if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--version"))
 368     {
 369       puts("setpci version " PCIUTILS_VERSION);
 370       exit(0);
 371     }
 372   if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "--dumpregs"))
 373     {
 374       dump_registers();
 375       exit(0);
 376     }
 377
 378   while (i < argc && argv[i][0] == '-')
 379     {
 380       char *c = argv[i++] + 1;
 381       char *d = c;
 382       char *e;
 383       while (*c)
 384         switch (*c)
 385           {
 386           case 0:
 387             break;
 388           case 'v':
 389             verbose++;
 390             c++;
 391             break;
 392           case 'f':
 393             force++;
 394             c++;
 395             break;
 396           case 'D':
 397             demo_mode++;
 398             c++;
 399             break;
 400           default:
 401             if (e = strchr(opts, *c))
 402               {
 403                 char *arg;
 404                 c++;
 405                 if (e[1] == ':')
 406                   {
 407                     if (*c)
 408                       arg = c;
 409                     else if (i < argc)
 410                       arg = argv[i++];
 411                     else
 412                       usage(NULL);
 413                     c = "";
 414                   }
 415                 else
 416                   arg = NULL;
 417                 if (!parse_generic_option(*e, pacc, arg))
 418                   usage(NULL);
 419               }
 420             else
 421               {
 422                 if (c != d)
 423                   usage(NULL);
 424                 return i-1;
 425               }
 426           }
 427     }
 428
 429   return i;
 430 }
 431
 432 static int parse_filter(int argc, char **argv, int i, struct pci_filter *filter)
 433 {
 434   char *c = argv[i++];
 435   char *d;
 436
 437   if (!c[1] || !strchr("sd", c[1]))
 438     usage(NULL);
 439   if (c[2])
 440     d = (c[2] == '=') ? c+3 : c+2;
 441   else if (i < argc)
 442     d = argv[i++];
 443   else
 444     usage(NULL);
 445   switch (c[1])
 446     {
 447     case 's':
 448       if (d = pci_filter_parse_slot(filter, d))
 449         die("-s: %s", d);
 450       break;
 451     case 'd':
 452       if (d = pci_filter_parse_id(filter, d))
 453         die("-d: %s", d);
 454       break;
 455     default:
 456       usage(NULL);
 457     }
 458
 459   return i;
 460 }
 461
 462 static const struct reg_name *parse_reg_name(char *name)
 463 {
 464   const struct reg_name *r;
 465
 466   for (r = pci_reg_names; r->name; r++)
 467     if (!strcasecmp(r->name, name))
 468       return r;
 469   return NULL;
 470 }
 471
 472 static int parse_x32(char *c, char **stopp, unsigned int *resp)
 473 {
 474   char *stop;
 475
 476   if (!*c)
 477     return -1;
 478   errno = 0;
 479   unsigned long int l = strtoul(c, &stop, 16);
 480   if (errno)
 481     return -1;
 482   if ((l & ~0U) != l)
 483     return -1;
 484   *resp = l;
 485   if (*stop)
 486     {
 487       if (stopp)
 488         *stopp = stop;
 489       return 0;
 490     }
 491   else
 492     return 1;
 493 }
 494
 495 static void parse_register(struct op *op, char *base)
 496 {
 497   const struct reg_name *r;
 498   unsigned int cap;
 499
 500   op->cap_type = op->cap_id = 0;
 501   if (parse_x32(base, NULL, &op->addr) > 0)
 502     return;
 503   else if (r = parse_reg_name(base))
 504     {
 505       switch (r->cap & 0xff0000)
 506         {
 507         case 0x10000:
 508           op->cap_type = PCI_CAP_NORMAL;
 509           break;
 510         case 0x20000:
 511           op->cap_type = PCI_CAP_EXTENDED;
 512           break;
 513         }
 514       op->cap_id = r->cap & 0xffff;
 515       op->addr = r->offset;
 516       if (r->width && !op->width)
 517         op->width = r->width;
 518       return;
 519     }
 520   else if (!strncasecmp(base, "CAP", 3))
 521     {
 522       if (parse_x32(base+3, NULL, &cap) > 0 && cap < 0x100)
 523         {
 524           op->cap_type = PCI_CAP_NORMAL;
 525           op->cap_id = cap;
 526           op->addr = 0;
 527           return;
 528         }
 529     }
 530   else if (!strncasecmp(base, "ECAP", 4))
 531     {
 532       if (parse_x32(base+4, NULL, &cap) > 0 && cap < 0x1000)
 533         {
 534           op->cap_type = PCI_CAP_EXTENDED;
 535           op->cap_id = cap;
 536           op->addr = 0;
 537           return;
 538         }
 539     }
 540   usage("Unknown register \"%s\"", base);
 541 }
 542
 543 static void parse_op(char *c, struct pci_dev **selected_devices)
 544 {
 545   char *base, *offset, *width, *value;
 546   char *e, *f;
 547   int n, j;
 548   struct op *op;
 549
 550   /* Split the argument */
 551   base = xstrdup(c);
 552   if (value = strchr(base, '='))
 553     *value++ = 0;
 554   if (width = strchr(base, '.'))
 555     *width++ = 0;
 556   if (offset = strchr(base, '+'))
 557     *offset++ = 0;
 558
 559   /* Look for setting of values and count how many */
 560   n = 0;
 561   if (value)
 562     {
 563       if (!*value)
 564         usage("Missing value");
 565       n++;
 566       for (e=value; *e; e++)
 567         if (*e == ',')
 568           n++;
 569     }
 570
 571   /* Allocate the operation */
 572   op = xmalloc(sizeof(struct op) + n*sizeof(struct value));
 573   op->dev_vector = selected_devices;
 574   op->num_values = n;
 575
 576   /* What is the width suffix? */
 577   if (width)
 578     {
 579       if (width[1])
 580         usage("Invalid width \"%s\"", width);
 581       switch (*width & 0xdf)
 582         {
 583         case 'B':
 584           op->width = 1; break;
 585         case 'W':
 586           op->width = 2; break;
 587         case 'L':
 588           op->width = 4; break;
 589         default:
 590           usage("Invalid width \"%c\"", *width);
 591         }
 592     }
 593   else
 594     op->width = 0;
 595
 596   /* Find the register */
 597   parse_register(op, base);
 598   if (!op->width)
 599     usage("Missing width");
 600
 601   /* Add offset */
 602   if (offset)
 603     {
 604       unsigned int off;
 605       if (parse_x32(offset, NULL, &off) <= 0 || off >= 0x1000)
 606         die("Invalid offset \"%s\"", offset);
 607       op->addr += off;
 608     }
 609
 610   /* Check range */
 611   if (op->addr >= 0x1000 || op->addr + op->width*(n ? n : 1) > 0x1000)
 612     die("Register number out of range!");
 613   if (op->addr & (op->width - 1))
 614     die("Unaligned register address!");
 615
 616   /* Parse the values */
 617   for (j=0; j<n; j++)
 618     {
 619       unsigned int ll, lim;
 620       e = strchr(value, ',');
 621       if (e)
 622         *e++ = 0;
 623       if (parse_x32(value, &f, &ll) < 0 || *f && *f != ':')
 624         usage("Invalid value \"%s\"", value);
 625       lim = max_values[op->width];
 626       if (ll > lim && ll < ~0UL - lim)
 627         usage("Value \"%s\" is out of range", value);
 628       op->values[j].value = ll;
 629       if (*f == ':')
 630         {
 631           if (parse_x32(f+1, NULL, &ll) <= 0)
 632             usage("Invalid mask \"%s\"", f+1);
 633           if (ll > lim && ll < ~0UL - lim)
 634             usage("Mask \"%s\" is out of range", f+1);
 635           op->values[j].mask = ll;
 636           op->values[j].value &= ll;
 637         }
 638       else
 639         op->values[j].mask = ~0U;
 640       value = e;
 641     }
 642
 643   *last_op = op;
 644   last_op = &op->next;
 645   op->next = NULL;
 646 }
 647
 648 static void parse_ops(int argc, char **argv, int i)
 649 {
 650   enum { STATE_INIT, STATE_GOT_FILTER, STATE_GOT_OP } state = STATE_INIT;
 651   struct pci_filter filter;
 652   struct pci_dev **selected_devices = NULL;
 653
 654   while (i < argc)
 655     {
 656       char *c = argv[i++];
 657
 658       if (*c == '-')
 659         {
 660           if (state != STATE_GOT_FILTER)
 661             pci_filter_init(pacc, &filter);
 662           i = parse_filter(argc, argv, i-1, &filter);
 663           state = STATE_GOT_FILTER;
 664         }
 665       else
 666         {
 667           if (state == STATE_INIT)
 668             usage(NULL);
 669           if (state == STATE_GOT_FILTER)
 670             selected_devices = select_devices(&filter);
 671           if (!selected_devices[0] && !force)
 672             fprintf(stderr, "setpci: Warning: No devices selected for `%s'.\n", c);
 673           parse_op(c, selected_devices);
 674           state = STATE_GOT_OP;
 675         }
 676     }
 677   if (state == STATE_INIT)
 678     usage("No operation specified");
 679 }
 680
 681 int
 682 main(int argc, char **argv)
 683 {
 684   int i;
 685
 686   pacc = pci_alloc();
 687   pacc->error = die;
 688   i = parse_options(argc, argv);
 689
 690   pci_init(pacc);
 691   pci_scan_bus(pacc);
 692
 693   parse_ops(argc, argv, i);
 694   scan_ops(first_op);
 695   execute(first_op);
 696
 697   return 0;
 698 }