]> git.ipfire.org Git - thirdparty/systemd.git/blob - src/analyze/analyze.c
Merge pull request #10094 from keszybz/wants-loading
[thirdparty/systemd.git] / src / analyze / analyze.c
1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
2 /***
3 Copyright © 2013 Simon Peeters
4 ***/
5
6 #include <getopt.h>
7 #include <locale.h>
8 #include <stdio.h>
9 #include <stdlib.h>
10
11 #include "sd-bus.h"
12
13 #include "alloc-util.h"
14 #include "analyze-verify.h"
15 #include "bus-error.h"
16 #include "bus-unit-util.h"
17 #include "bus-util.h"
18 #include "calendarspec.h"
19 #include "def.h"
20 #include "conf-files.h"
21 #include "copy.h"
22 #include "fd-util.h"
23 #include "glob-util.h"
24 #include "hashmap.h"
25 #include "locale-util.h"
26 #include "log.h"
27 #include "pager.h"
28 #include "parse-util.h"
29 #include "path-util.h"
30 #if HAVE_SECCOMP
31 #include "seccomp-util.h"
32 #endif
33 #include "special.h"
34 #include "strv.h"
35 #include "strxcpyx.h"
36 #include "terminal-util.h"
37 #include "unit-name.h"
38 #include "util.h"
39 #include "verbs.h"
40
41 #define SCALE_X (0.1 / 1000.0) /* pixels per us */
42 #define SCALE_Y (20.0)
43
44 #define svg(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
45
46 #define svg_bar(class, x1, x2, y) \
47 svg(" <rect class=\"%s\" x=\"%.03f\" y=\"%.03f\" width=\"%.03f\" height=\"%.03f\" />\n", \
48 (class), \
49 SCALE_X * (x1), SCALE_Y * (y), \
50 SCALE_X * ((x2) - (x1)), SCALE_Y - 1.0)
51
52 #define svg_text(b, x, y, format, ...) \
53 do { \
54 svg(" <text class=\"%s\" x=\"%.03f\" y=\"%.03f\">", (b) ? "left" : "right", SCALE_X * (x) + (b ? 5.0 : -5.0), SCALE_Y * (y) + 14.0); \
55 svg(format, ## __VA_ARGS__); \
56 svg("</text>\n"); \
57 } while (false)
58
59 static enum dot {
60 DEP_ALL,
61 DEP_ORDER,
62 DEP_REQUIRE
63 } arg_dot = DEP_ALL;
64 static char** arg_dot_from_patterns = NULL;
65 static char** arg_dot_to_patterns = NULL;
66 static usec_t arg_fuzz = 0;
67 static bool arg_no_pager = false;
68 static BusTransport arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL;
69 static const char *arg_host = NULL;
70 static UnitFileScope arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
71 static bool arg_man = true;
72 static bool arg_generators = false;
73 static const char *arg_root = NULL;
74
75 struct boot_times {
76 usec_t firmware_time;
77 usec_t loader_time;
78 usec_t kernel_time;
79 usec_t kernel_done_time;
80 usec_t initrd_time;
81 usec_t userspace_time;
82 usec_t finish_time;
83 usec_t security_start_time;
84 usec_t security_finish_time;
85 usec_t generators_start_time;
86 usec_t generators_finish_time;
87 usec_t unitsload_start_time;
88 usec_t unitsload_finish_time;
89 usec_t initrd_security_start_time;
90 usec_t initrd_security_finish_time;
91 usec_t initrd_generators_start_time;
92 usec_t initrd_generators_finish_time;
93 usec_t initrd_unitsload_start_time;
94 usec_t initrd_unitsload_finish_time;
95
96 /*
97 * If we're analyzing the user instance, all timestamps will be offset
98 * by its own start-up timestamp, which may be arbitrarily big.
99 * With "plot", this causes arbitrarily wide output SVG files which almost
100 * completely consist of empty space. Thus we cancel out this offset.
101 *
102 * This offset is subtracted from times above by acquire_boot_times(),
103 * but it still needs to be subtracted from unit-specific timestamps
104 * (so it is stored here for reference).
105 */
106 usec_t reverse_offset;
107 };
108
109 struct unit_times {
110 bool has_data;
111 char *name;
112 usec_t activating;
113 usec_t activated;
114 usec_t deactivated;
115 usec_t deactivating;
116 usec_t time;
117 };
118
119 struct host_info {
120 char *hostname;
121 char *kernel_name;
122 char *kernel_release;
123 char *kernel_version;
124 char *os_pretty_name;
125 char *virtualization;
126 char *architecture;
127 };
128
129 static int acquire_bus(sd_bus **bus, bool *use_full_bus) {
130 bool user = arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
131 int r;
132
133 if (use_full_bus && *use_full_bus) {
134 r = bus_connect_transport(arg_transport, arg_host, user, bus);
135 if (IN_SET(r, 0, -EHOSTDOWN))
136 return r;
137
138 *use_full_bus = false;
139 }
140
141 return bus_connect_transport_systemd(arg_transport, arg_host, user, bus);
142 }
143
144 static int bus_get_uint64_property(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *property, uint64_t *val) {
145 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
146 int r;
147
148 assert(bus);
149 assert(path);
150 assert(interface);
151 assert(property);
152 assert(val);
153
154 r = sd_bus_get_property_trivial(
155 bus,
156 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
157 path,
158 interface,
159 property,
160 &error,
161 't', val);
162
163 if (r < 0)
164 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error, -r));
165
166 return 0;
167 }
168
169 static int bus_get_unit_property_strv(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, const char *property, char ***strv) {
170 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
171 int r;
172
173 assert(bus);
174 assert(path);
175 assert(property);
176 assert(strv);
177
178 r = sd_bus_get_property_strv(
179 bus,
180 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
181 path,
182 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
183 property,
184 &error,
185 strv);
186 if (r < 0)
187 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get unit property %s: %s", property, bus_error_message(&error, -r));
188
189 return 0;
190 }
191
192 static int compare_unit_time(const struct unit_times *a, const struct unit_times *b) {
193 return CMP(b->time, a->time);
194 }
195
196 static int compare_unit_start(const struct unit_times *a, const struct unit_times *b) {
197 return CMP(a->activating, b->activating);
198 }
199
200 static void unit_times_free(struct unit_times *t) {
201 struct unit_times *p;
202
203 for (p = t; p->has_data; p++)
204 free(p->name);
205 free(t);
206 }
207
208 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(struct unit_times *, unit_times_free);
209
210 static void subtract_timestamp(usec_t *a, usec_t b) {
211 assert(a);
212
213 if (*a > 0) {
214 assert(*a >= b);
215 *a -= b;
216 }
217 }
218
219 static int acquire_boot_times(sd_bus *bus, struct boot_times **bt) {
220 static const struct bus_properties_map property_map[] = {
221 { "FirmwareTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, firmware_time) },
222 { "LoaderTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, loader_time) },
223 { "KernelTimestamp", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, kernel_time) },
224 { "InitRDTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_time) },
225 { "UserspaceTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, userspace_time) },
226 { "FinishTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, finish_time) },
227 { "SecurityStartTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, security_start_time) },
228 { "SecurityFinishTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, security_finish_time) },
229 { "GeneratorsStartTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, generators_start_time) },
230 { "GeneratorsFinishTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, generators_finish_time) },
231 { "UnitsLoadStartTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, unitsload_start_time) },
232 { "UnitsLoadFinishTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, unitsload_finish_time) },
233 { "InitRDSecurityStartTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_security_start_time) },
234 { "InitRDSecurityFinishTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_security_finish_time) },
235 { "InitRDGeneratorsStartTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_generators_start_time) },
236 { "InitRDGeneratorsFinishTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_generators_finish_time) },
237 { "InitRDUnitsLoadStartTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_unitsload_start_time) },
238 { "InitRDUnitsLoadFinishTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct boot_times, initrd_unitsload_finish_time) },
239 {},
240 };
241 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
242 static struct boot_times times;
243 static bool cached = false;
244 int r;
245
246 if (cached)
247 goto finish;
248
249 assert_cc(sizeof(usec_t) == sizeof(uint64_t));
250
251 r = bus_map_all_properties(
252 bus,
253 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
254 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
255 property_map,
256 BUS_MAP_STRDUP,
257 &error,
258 NULL,
259 &times);
260 if (r < 0)
261 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get timestamp properties: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
262
263 if (times.finish_time <= 0) {
264 log_error("Bootup is not yet finished (org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager.FinishTimestampMonotonic=%"PRIu64").\n"
265 "Please try again later.\n"
266 "Hint: Use 'systemctl%s list-jobs' to see active jobs",
267 times.finish_time,
268 arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "" : " --user");
269 return -EINPROGRESS;
270 }
271
272 if (arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM && times.security_start_time > 0) {
273 /* security_start_time is set when systemd is not running under container environment. */
274 if (times.initrd_time > 0)
275 times.kernel_done_time = times.initrd_time;
276 else
277 times.kernel_done_time = times.userspace_time;
278 } else {
279 /*
280 * User-instance-specific or container-system-specific timestamps processing
281 * (see comment to reverse_offset in struct boot_times).
282 */
283 times.reverse_offset = times.userspace_time;
284
285 times.firmware_time = times.loader_time = times.kernel_time = times.initrd_time = times.userspace_time =
286 times.security_start_time = times.security_finish_time = 0;
287
288 subtract_timestamp(&times.finish_time, times.reverse_offset);
289
290 subtract_timestamp(&times.generators_start_time, times.reverse_offset);
291 subtract_timestamp(&times.generators_finish_time, times.reverse_offset);
292
293 subtract_timestamp(&times.unitsload_start_time, times.reverse_offset);
294 subtract_timestamp(&times.unitsload_finish_time, times.reverse_offset);
295 }
296
297 cached = true;
298
299 finish:
300 *bt = &times;
301 return 0;
302 }
303
304 static void free_host_info(struct host_info *hi) {
305
306 if (!hi)
307 return;
308
309 free(hi->hostname);
310 free(hi->kernel_name);
311 free(hi->kernel_release);
312 free(hi->kernel_version);
313 free(hi->os_pretty_name);
314 free(hi->virtualization);
315 free(hi->architecture);
316 free(hi);
317 }
318
319 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(struct host_info*, free_host_info);
320
321 static int acquire_time_data(sd_bus *bus, struct unit_times **out) {
322 static const struct bus_properties_map property_map[] = {
323 { "InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct unit_times, activating) },
324 { "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct unit_times, activated) },
325 { "ActiveExitTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct unit_times, deactivating) },
326 { "InactiveEnterTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct unit_times, deactivated) },
327 {},
328 };
329 _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
330 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
331 _cleanup_(unit_times_freep) struct unit_times *unit_times = NULL;
332 struct boot_times *boot_times = NULL;
333 size_t allocated = 0, c = 0;
334 UnitInfo u;
335 int r;
336
337 r = acquire_boot_times(bus, &boot_times);
338 if (r < 0)
339 return r;
340
341 r = sd_bus_call_method(
342 bus,
343 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
344 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
345 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
346 "ListUnits",
347 &error, &reply,
348 NULL);
349 if (r < 0)
350 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list units: %s", bus_error_message(&error, -r));
351
352 r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ssssssouso)");
353 if (r < 0)
354 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
355
356 while ((r = bus_parse_unit_info(reply, &u)) > 0) {
357 struct unit_times *t;
358
359 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(unit_times, allocated, c+2))
360 return log_oom();
361
362 unit_times[c+1].has_data = false;
363 t = &unit_times[c];
364 t->name = NULL;
365
366 assert_cc(sizeof(usec_t) == sizeof(uint64_t));
367
368 r = bus_map_all_properties(
369 bus,
370 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
371 u.unit_path,
372 property_map,
373 BUS_MAP_STRDUP,
374 &error,
375 NULL,
376 t);
377 if (r < 0)
378 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get timestamp properties of unit %s: %s", u.id, bus_error_message(&error, r));
379
380 subtract_timestamp(&t->activating, boot_times->reverse_offset);
381 subtract_timestamp(&t->activated, boot_times->reverse_offset);
382 subtract_timestamp(&t->deactivating, boot_times->reverse_offset);
383 subtract_timestamp(&t->deactivated, boot_times->reverse_offset);
384
385 if (t->activated >= t->activating)
386 t->time = t->activated - t->activating;
387 else if (t->deactivated >= t->activating)
388 t->time = t->deactivated - t->activating;
389 else
390 t->time = 0;
391
392 if (t->activating == 0)
393 continue;
394
395 t->name = strdup(u.id);
396 if (!t->name)
397 return log_oom();
398
399 t->has_data = true;
400 c++;
401 }
402 if (r < 0)
403 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
404
405 *out = TAKE_PTR(unit_times);
406 return c;
407 }
408
409 static int acquire_host_info(sd_bus *bus, struct host_info **hi) {
410 static const struct bus_properties_map hostname_map[] = {
411 { "Hostname", "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, hostname) },
412 { "KernelName", "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, kernel_name) },
413 { "KernelRelease", "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, kernel_release) },
414 { "KernelVersion", "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, kernel_version) },
415 { "OperatingSystemPrettyName", "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, os_pretty_name) },
416 {}
417 };
418
419 static const struct bus_properties_map manager_map[] = {
420 { "Virtualization", "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, virtualization) },
421 { "Architecture", "s", NULL, offsetof(struct host_info, architecture) },
422 {}
423 };
424
425 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
426 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *system_bus = NULL;
427 _cleanup_(free_host_infop) struct host_info *host;
428 int r;
429
430 host = new0(struct host_info, 1);
431 if (!host)
432 return log_oom();
433
434 if (arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM) {
435 r = bus_connect_transport(arg_transport, arg_host, false, &system_bus);
436 if (r < 0) {
437 log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to connect to system bus, ignoring: %m");
438 goto manager;
439 }
440 }
441
442 r = bus_map_all_properties(system_bus ?: bus,
443 "org.freedesktop.hostname1",
444 "/org/freedesktop/hostname1",
445 hostname_map,
446 BUS_MAP_STRDUP,
447 &error,
448 NULL,
449 host);
450 if (r < 0) {
451 log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to get host information from systemd-hostnamed, ignoring: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
452 sd_bus_error_free(&error);
453 }
454
455 manager:
456 r = bus_map_all_properties(bus,
457 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
458 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
459 manager_map,
460 BUS_MAP_STRDUP,
461 &error,
462 NULL,
463 host);
464 if (r < 0)
465 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get host information from systemd: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
466
467 *hi = TAKE_PTR(host);
468
469 return 0;
470 }
471
472 static int pretty_boot_time(sd_bus *bus, char **_buf) {
473 char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
474 struct boot_times *t;
475 static char buf[4096];
476 size_t size;
477 char *ptr;
478 int r;
479 usec_t activated_time = USEC_INFINITY;
480 _cleanup_free_ char* path = NULL, *unit_id = NULL;
481 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
482
483 r = acquire_boot_times(bus, &t);
484 if (r < 0)
485 return r;
486
487 path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
488 if (!path)
489 return log_oom();
490
491 r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
492 bus,
493 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
494 path,
495 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
496 "Id",
497 &error,
498 &unit_id);
499 if (r < 0) {
500 log_error_errno(r, "default.target doesn't seem to exist: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
501 unit_id = NULL;
502 }
503
504 r = bus_get_uint64_property(bus, path,
505 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
506 "ActiveEnterTimestampMonotonic",
507 &activated_time);
508 if (r < 0) {
509 log_info_errno(r, "Could not get time to reach default.target. Continuing...");
510 activated_time = USEC_INFINITY;
511 }
512
513 ptr = buf;
514 size = sizeof(buf);
515
516 size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "Startup finished in ");
517 if (t->firmware_time > 0)
518 size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (firmware) + ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->firmware_time - t->loader_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
519 if (t->loader_time > 0)
520 size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (loader) + ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->loader_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
521 if (t->kernel_done_time > 0)
522 size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (kernel) + ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->kernel_done_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
523 if (t->initrd_time > 0)
524 size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (initrd) + ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->userspace_time - t->initrd_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
525
526 size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "%s (userspace) ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->finish_time - t->userspace_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
527 if (t->kernel_done_time > 0)
528 strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "= %s ", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), t->firmware_time + t->finish_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
529
530 if (unit_id && activated_time > 0 && activated_time != USEC_INFINITY) {
531 usec_t base = t->userspace_time > 0 ? t->userspace_time : t->reverse_offset;
532
533 size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "\n%s reached after %s in userspace", unit_id,
534 format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), activated_time - base, USEC_PER_MSEC));
535 } else if (unit_id && activated_time == 0)
536 size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "\n%s was never reached", unit_id);
537 else if (unit_id && activated_time == USEC_INFINITY)
538 size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "\nCould not get time to reach %s.", unit_id);
539 else if (!unit_id)
540 size = strpcpyf(&ptr, size, "\ncould not find default.target");
541
542 ptr = strdup(buf);
543 if (!ptr)
544 return log_oom();
545
546 *_buf = ptr;
547 return 0;
548 }
549
550 static void svg_graph_box(double height, double begin, double end) {
551 long long i;
552
553 /* outside box, fill */
554 svg("<rect class=\"box\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"%.03f\" height=\"%.03f\" />\n",
555 SCALE_X * (end - begin), SCALE_Y * height);
556
557 for (i = ((long long) (begin / 100000)) * 100000; i <= end; i+=100000) {
558 /* lines for each second */
559 if (i % 5000000 == 0)
560 svg(" <line class=\"sec5\" x1=\"%.03f\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"%.03f\" y2=\"%.03f\" />\n"
561 " <text class=\"sec\" x=\"%.03f\" y=\"%.03f\" >%.01fs</text>\n",
562 SCALE_X * i, SCALE_X * i, SCALE_Y * height, SCALE_X * i, -5.0, 0.000001 * i);
563 else if (i % 1000000 == 0)
564 svg(" <line class=\"sec1\" x1=\"%.03f\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"%.03f\" y2=\"%.03f\" />\n"
565 " <text class=\"sec\" x=\"%.03f\" y=\"%.03f\" >%.01fs</text>\n",
566 SCALE_X * i, SCALE_X * i, SCALE_Y * height, SCALE_X * i, -5.0, 0.000001 * i);
567 else
568 svg(" <line class=\"sec01\" x1=\"%.03f\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"%.03f\" y2=\"%.03f\" />\n",
569 SCALE_X * i, SCALE_X * i, SCALE_Y * height);
570 }
571 }
572
573 static int plot_unit_times(struct unit_times *u, double width, int y) {
574 char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
575 bool b;
576
577 if (!u->name)
578 return 0;
579
580 svg_bar("activating", u->activating, u->activated, y);
581 svg_bar("active", u->activated, u->deactivating, y);
582 svg_bar("deactivating", u->deactivating, u->deactivated, y);
583
584 /* place the text on the left if we have passed the half of the svg width */
585 b = u->activating * SCALE_X < width / 2;
586 if (u->time)
587 svg_text(b, u->activating, y, "%s (%s)",
588 u->name, format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), u->time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
589 else
590 svg_text(b, u->activating, y, "%s", u->name);
591
592 return 1;
593 }
594
595 static int analyze_plot(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
596 _cleanup_(free_host_infop) struct host_info *host = NULL;
597 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
598 _cleanup_(unit_times_freep) struct unit_times *times = NULL;
599 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_times = NULL;
600 bool use_full_bus = arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
601 struct boot_times *boot;
602 struct unit_times *u;
603 int n, m = 1, y = 0, r;
604 double width;
605
606 r = acquire_bus(&bus, &use_full_bus);
607 if (r < 0)
608 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
609
610 n = acquire_boot_times(bus, &boot);
611 if (n < 0)
612 return n;
613
614 n = pretty_boot_time(bus, &pretty_times);
615 if (n < 0)
616 return n;
617
618 if (use_full_bus || arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM) {
619 n = acquire_host_info(bus, &host);
620 if (n < 0)
621 return n;
622 }
623
624 n = acquire_time_data(bus, &times);
625 if (n <= 0)
626 return n;
627
628 typesafe_qsort(times, n, compare_unit_start);
629
630 width = SCALE_X * (boot->firmware_time + boot->finish_time);
631 if (width < 800.0)
632 width = 800.0;
633
634 if (boot->firmware_time > boot->loader_time)
635 m++;
636 if (boot->loader_time > 0) {
637 m++;
638 if (width < 1000.0)
639 width = 1000.0;
640 }
641 if (boot->initrd_time > 0)
642 m++;
643 if (boot->kernel_done_time > 0)
644 m++;
645
646 for (u = times; u->has_data; u++) {
647 double text_start, text_width;
648
649 if (u->activating > boot->finish_time) {
650 u->name = mfree(u->name);
651 continue;
652 }
653
654 /* If the text cannot fit on the left side then
655 * increase the svg width so it fits on the right.
656 * TODO: calculate the text width more accurately */
657 text_width = 8.0 * strlen(u->name);
658 text_start = (boot->firmware_time + u->activating) * SCALE_X;
659 if (text_width > text_start && text_width + text_start > width)
660 width = text_width + text_start;
661
662 if (u->deactivated > u->activating &&
663 u->deactivated <= boot->finish_time &&
664 u->activated == 0 && u->deactivating == 0)
665 u->activated = u->deactivating = u->deactivated;
666 if (u->activated < u->activating || u->activated > boot->finish_time)
667 u->activated = boot->finish_time;
668 if (u->deactivating < u->activated || u->deactivating > boot->finish_time)
669 u->deactivating = boot->finish_time;
670 if (u->deactivated < u->deactivating || u->deactivated > boot->finish_time)
671 u->deactivated = boot->finish_time;
672 m++;
673 }
674
675 svg("<?xml version=\"1.0\" standalone=\"no\"?>\n"
676 "<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN\" "
677 "\"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd\">\n");
678
679 svg("<svg width=\"%.0fpx\" height=\"%.0fpx\" version=\"1.1\" "
680 "xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\">\n\n",
681 80.0 + width, 150.0 + (m * SCALE_Y) +
682 5 * SCALE_Y /* legend */);
683
684 /* write some basic info as a comment, including some help */
685 svg("<!-- This file is a systemd-analyze SVG file. It is best rendered in a -->\n"
686 "<!-- browser such as Chrome, Chromium or Firefox. Other applications -->\n"
687 "<!-- that render these files properly but much slower are ImageMagick, -->\n"
688 "<!-- gimp, inkscape, etc. To display the files on your system, just -->\n"
689 "<!-- point your browser to this file. -->\n\n"
690 "<!-- This plot was generated by systemd-analyze version %-16.16s -->\n\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
691
692 /* style sheet */
693 svg("<defs>\n <style type=\"text/css\">\n <![CDATA[\n"
694 " rect { stroke-width: 1; stroke-opacity: 0; }\n"
695 " rect.background { fill: rgb(255,255,255); }\n"
696 " rect.activating { fill: rgb(255,0,0); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
697 " rect.active { fill: rgb(200,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
698 " rect.deactivating { fill: rgb(150,100,100); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
699 " rect.kernel { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
700 " rect.initrd { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
701 " rect.firmware { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
702 " rect.loader { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
703 " rect.userspace { fill: rgb(150,150,150); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
704 " rect.security { fill: rgb(144,238,144); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
705 " rect.generators { fill: rgb(102,204,255); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
706 " rect.unitsload { fill: rgb( 82,184,255); fill-opacity: 0.7; }\n"
707 " rect.box { fill: rgb(240,240,240); stroke: rgb(192,192,192); }\n"
708 " line { stroke: rgb(64,64,64); stroke-width: 1; }\n"
709 "// line.sec1 { }\n"
710 " line.sec5 { stroke-width: 2; }\n"
711 " line.sec01 { stroke: rgb(224,224,224); stroke-width: 1; }\n"
712 " text { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; }\n"
713 " text.left { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; text-anchor: start; }\n"
714 " text.right { font-family: Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 14px; text-anchor: end; }\n"
715 " text.sec { font-size: 10px; }\n"
716 " ]]>\n </style>\n</defs>\n\n");
717
718 svg("<rect class=\"background\" width=\"100%%\" height=\"100%%\" />\n");
719 svg("<text x=\"20\" y=\"50\">%s</text>", pretty_times);
720 if (host)
721 svg("<text x=\"20\" y=\"30\">%s %s (%s %s %s) %s %s</text>",
722 isempty(host->os_pretty_name) ? "Linux" : host->os_pretty_name,
723 strempty(host->hostname),
724 strempty(host->kernel_name),
725 strempty(host->kernel_release),
726 strempty(host->kernel_version),
727 strempty(host->architecture),
728 strempty(host->virtualization));
729
730 svg("<g transform=\"translate(%.3f,100)\">\n", 20.0 + (SCALE_X * boot->firmware_time));
731 svg_graph_box(m, -(double) boot->firmware_time, boot->finish_time);
732
733 if (boot->firmware_time > 0) {
734 svg_bar("firmware", -(double) boot->firmware_time, -(double) boot->loader_time, y);
735 svg_text(true, -(double) boot->firmware_time, y, "firmware");
736 y++;
737 }
738 if (boot->loader_time > 0) {
739 svg_bar("loader", -(double) boot->loader_time, 0, y);
740 svg_text(true, -(double) boot->loader_time, y, "loader");
741 y++;
742 }
743 if (boot->kernel_done_time > 0) {
744 svg_bar("kernel", 0, boot->kernel_done_time, y);
745 svg_text(true, 0, y, "kernel");
746 y++;
747 }
748 if (boot->initrd_time > 0) {
749 svg_bar("initrd", boot->initrd_time, boot->userspace_time, y);
750 if (boot->initrd_security_start_time < boot->initrd_security_finish_time)
751 svg_bar("security", boot->initrd_security_start_time, boot->initrd_security_finish_time, y);
752 if (boot->initrd_generators_start_time < boot->initrd_generators_finish_time)
753 svg_bar("generators", boot->initrd_generators_start_time, boot->initrd_generators_finish_time, y);
754 if (boot->initrd_unitsload_start_time < boot->initrd_unitsload_finish_time)
755 svg_bar("unitsload", boot->initrd_unitsload_start_time, boot->initrd_unitsload_finish_time, y);
756 svg_text(true, boot->initrd_time, y, "initrd");
757 y++;
758 }
759
760 for (u = times; u->has_data; u++) {
761 if (u->activating >= boot->userspace_time)
762 break;
763
764 y += plot_unit_times(u, width, y);
765 }
766
767 svg_bar("active", boot->userspace_time, boot->finish_time, y);
768 if (boot->security_start_time > 0)
769 svg_bar("security", boot->security_start_time, boot->security_finish_time, y);
770 svg_bar("generators", boot->generators_start_time, boot->generators_finish_time, y);
771 svg_bar("unitsload", boot->unitsload_start_time, boot->unitsload_finish_time, y);
772 svg_text(true, boot->userspace_time, y, "systemd");
773 y++;
774
775 for (; u->has_data; u++)
776 y += plot_unit_times(u, width, y);
777
778 svg("</g>\n");
779
780 /* Legend */
781 svg("<g transform=\"translate(20,100)\">\n");
782 y++;
783 svg_bar("activating", 0, 300000, y);
784 svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Activating");
785 y++;
786 svg_bar("active", 0, 300000, y);
787 svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Active");
788 y++;
789 svg_bar("deactivating", 0, 300000, y);
790 svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Deactivating");
791 y++;
792 if (boot->security_start_time > 0) {
793 svg_bar("security", 0, 300000, y);
794 svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Setting up security module");
795 y++;
796 }
797 svg_bar("generators", 0, 300000, y);
798 svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Generators");
799 y++;
800 svg_bar("unitsload", 0, 300000, y);
801 svg_text(true, 400000, y, "Loading unit files");
802 y++;
803
804 svg("</g>\n\n");
805
806 svg("</svg>\n");
807
808 return 0;
809 }
810
811 static int list_dependencies_print(const char *name, unsigned int level, unsigned int branches,
812 bool last, struct unit_times *times, struct boot_times *boot) {
813 unsigned int i;
814 char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX], ts2[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
815
816 for (i = level; i != 0; i--)
817 printf("%s", special_glyph(branches & (1 << (i-1)) ? TREE_VERTICAL : TREE_SPACE));
818
819 printf("%s", special_glyph(last ? TREE_RIGHT : TREE_BRANCH));
820
821 if (times) {
822 if (times->time > 0)
823 printf("%s%s @%s +%s%s", ansi_highlight_red(), name,
824 format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), times->activating - boot->userspace_time, USEC_PER_MSEC),
825 format_timespan(ts2, sizeof(ts2), times->time, USEC_PER_MSEC), ansi_normal());
826 else if (times->activated > boot->userspace_time)
827 printf("%s @%s", name, format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), times->activated - boot->userspace_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
828 else
829 printf("%s", name);
830 } else
831 printf("%s", name);
832 printf("\n");
833
834 return 0;
835 }
836
837 static int list_dependencies_get_dependencies(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, char ***deps) {
838 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
839
840 assert(bus);
841 assert(name);
842 assert(deps);
843
844 path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(name);
845 if (!path)
846 return -ENOMEM;
847
848 return bus_get_unit_property_strv(bus, path, "After", deps);
849 }
850
851 static Hashmap *unit_times_hashmap;
852
853 static int list_dependencies_compare(char * const *a, char * const *b) {
854 usec_t usa = 0, usb = 0;
855 struct unit_times *times;
856
857 times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *a);
858 if (times)
859 usa = times->activated;
860 times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *b);
861 if (times)
862 usb = times->activated;
863
864 return CMP(usb, usa);
865 }
866
867 static bool times_in_range(const struct unit_times *times, const struct boot_times *boot) {
868 return times &&
869 times->activated > 0 && times->activated <= boot->finish_time;
870 }
871
872 static int list_dependencies_one(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, unsigned int level, char ***units,
873 unsigned int branches) {
874 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **deps = NULL;
875 char **c;
876 int r = 0;
877 usec_t service_longest = 0;
878 int to_print = 0;
879 struct unit_times *times;
880 struct boot_times *boot;
881
882 if (strv_extend(units, name))
883 return log_oom();
884
885 r = list_dependencies_get_dependencies(bus, name, &deps);
886 if (r < 0)
887 return r;
888
889 typesafe_qsort(deps, strv_length(deps), list_dependencies_compare);
890
891 r = acquire_boot_times(bus, &boot);
892 if (r < 0)
893 return r;
894
895 STRV_FOREACH(c, deps) {
896 times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *c);
897 if (times_in_range(times, boot) &&
898 times->activated >= service_longest)
899 service_longest = times->activated;
900 }
901
902 if (service_longest == 0)
903 return r;
904
905 STRV_FOREACH(c, deps) {
906 times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *c);
907 if (times_in_range(times, boot) &&
908 service_longest - times->activated <= arg_fuzz)
909 to_print++;
910 }
911
912 if (!to_print)
913 return r;
914
915 STRV_FOREACH(c, deps) {
916 times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, *c);
917 if (!times_in_range(times, boot) ||
918 service_longest - times->activated > arg_fuzz)
919 continue;
920
921 to_print--;
922
923 r = list_dependencies_print(*c, level, branches, to_print == 0, times, boot);
924 if (r < 0)
925 return r;
926
927 if (strv_contains(*units, *c)) {
928 r = list_dependencies_print("...", level + 1, (branches << 1) | (to_print ? 1 : 0),
929 true, NULL, boot);
930 if (r < 0)
931 return r;
932 continue;
933 }
934
935 r = list_dependencies_one(bus, *c, level + 1, units,
936 (branches << 1) | (to_print ? 1 : 0));
937 if (r < 0)
938 return r;
939
940 if (to_print == 0)
941 break;
942 }
943 return 0;
944 }
945
946 static int list_dependencies(sd_bus *bus, const char *name) {
947 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **units = NULL;
948 char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
949 struct unit_times *times;
950 int r;
951 const char *id;
952 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
953 _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
954 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
955 struct boot_times *boot;
956
957 assert(bus);
958
959 path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(name);
960 if (!path)
961 return -ENOMEM;
962
963 r = sd_bus_get_property(
964 bus,
965 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
966 path,
967 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
968 "Id",
969 &error,
970 &reply,
971 "s");
972 if (r < 0)
973 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get ID: %s", bus_error_message(&error, -r));
974
975 r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &id);
976 if (r < 0)
977 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
978
979 times = hashmap_get(unit_times_hashmap, id);
980
981 r = acquire_boot_times(bus, &boot);
982 if (r < 0)
983 return r;
984
985 if (times) {
986 if (times->time)
987 printf("%s%s +%s%s\n", ansi_highlight_red(), id,
988 format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), times->time, USEC_PER_MSEC), ansi_normal());
989 else if (times->activated > boot->userspace_time)
990 printf("%s @%s\n", id, format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), times->activated - boot->userspace_time, USEC_PER_MSEC));
991 else
992 printf("%s\n", id);
993 }
994
995 return list_dependencies_one(bus, name, 0, &units, 0);
996 }
997
998 static int analyze_critical_chain(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
999 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1000 _cleanup_(unit_times_freep) struct unit_times *times = NULL;
1001 struct unit_times *u;
1002 Hashmap *h;
1003 int n, r;
1004
1005 r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
1006 if (r < 0)
1007 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
1008
1009 n = acquire_time_data(bus, &times);
1010 if (n <= 0)
1011 return n;
1012
1013 h = hashmap_new(&string_hash_ops);
1014 if (!h)
1015 return log_oom();
1016
1017 for (u = times; u->has_data; u++) {
1018 r = hashmap_put(h, u->name, u);
1019 if (r < 0)
1020 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add entry to hashmap: %m");
1021 }
1022 unit_times_hashmap = h;
1023
1024 (void) pager_open(arg_no_pager, false);
1025
1026 puts("The time after the unit is active or started is printed after the \"@\" character.\n"
1027 "The time the unit takes to start is printed after the \"+\" character.\n");
1028
1029 if (argc > 1) {
1030 char **name;
1031 STRV_FOREACH(name, strv_skip(argv, 1))
1032 list_dependencies(bus, *name);
1033 } else
1034 list_dependencies(bus, SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
1035
1036 h = hashmap_free(h);
1037 return 0;
1038 }
1039
1040 static int analyze_blame(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1041 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1042 _cleanup_(unit_times_freep) struct unit_times *times = NULL;
1043 struct unit_times *u;
1044 int n, r;
1045
1046 r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
1047 if (r < 0)
1048 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
1049
1050 n = acquire_time_data(bus, &times);
1051 if (n <= 0)
1052 return n;
1053
1054 typesafe_qsort(times, n, compare_unit_time);
1055
1056 (void) pager_open(arg_no_pager, false);
1057
1058 for (u = times; u->has_data; u++) {
1059 char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
1060
1061 if (u->time > 0)
1062 printf("%16s %s\n", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), u->time, USEC_PER_MSEC), u->name);
1063 }
1064
1065 return 0;
1066 }
1067
1068 static int analyze_time(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1069 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1070 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
1071 int r;
1072
1073 r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
1074 if (r < 0)
1075 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
1076
1077 r = pretty_boot_time(bus, &buf);
1078 if (r < 0)
1079 return r;
1080
1081 puts(buf);
1082 return 0;
1083 }
1084
1085 static int graph_one_property(sd_bus *bus, const UnitInfo *u, const char* prop, const char *color, char* patterns[], char* from_patterns[], char* to_patterns[]) {
1086 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **units = NULL;
1087 char **unit;
1088 int r;
1089 bool match_patterns;
1090
1091 assert(u);
1092 assert(prop);
1093 assert(color);
1094
1095 match_patterns = strv_fnmatch(patterns, u->id, 0);
1096
1097 if (!strv_isempty(from_patterns) &&
1098 !match_patterns &&
1099 !strv_fnmatch(from_patterns, u->id, 0))
1100 return 0;
1101
1102 r = bus_get_unit_property_strv(bus, u->unit_path, prop, &units);
1103 if (r < 0)
1104 return r;
1105
1106 STRV_FOREACH(unit, units) {
1107 bool match_patterns2;
1108
1109 match_patterns2 = strv_fnmatch(patterns, *unit, 0);
1110
1111 if (!strv_isempty(to_patterns) &&
1112 !match_patterns2 &&
1113 !strv_fnmatch(to_patterns, *unit, 0))
1114 continue;
1115
1116 if (!strv_isempty(patterns) && !match_patterns && !match_patterns2)
1117 continue;
1118
1119 printf("\t\"%s\"->\"%s\" [color=\"%s\"];\n", u->id, *unit, color);
1120 }
1121
1122 return 0;
1123 }
1124
1125 static int graph_one(sd_bus *bus, const UnitInfo *u, char *patterns[], char *from_patterns[], char *to_patterns[]) {
1126 int r;
1127
1128 assert(bus);
1129 assert(u);
1130
1131 if (IN_SET(arg_dot, DEP_ORDER, DEP_ALL)) {
1132 r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "After", "green", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
1133 if (r < 0)
1134 return r;
1135 }
1136
1137 if (IN_SET(arg_dot, DEP_REQUIRE, DEP_ALL)) {
1138 r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "Requires", "black", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
1139 if (r < 0)
1140 return r;
1141 r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "Requisite", "darkblue", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
1142 if (r < 0)
1143 return r;
1144 r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "Wants", "grey66", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
1145 if (r < 0)
1146 return r;
1147 r = graph_one_property(bus, u, "Conflicts", "red", patterns, from_patterns, to_patterns);
1148 if (r < 0)
1149 return r;
1150 }
1151
1152 return 0;
1153 }
1154
1155 static int expand_patterns(sd_bus *bus, char **patterns, char ***ret) {
1156 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_patterns = NULL;
1157 char **pattern;
1158 int r;
1159
1160 STRV_FOREACH(pattern, patterns) {
1161 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1162 _cleanup_free_ char *unit = NULL, *unit_id = NULL;
1163
1164 if (strv_extend(&expanded_patterns, *pattern) < 0)
1165 return log_oom();
1166
1167 if (string_is_glob(*pattern))
1168 continue;
1169
1170 unit = unit_dbus_path_from_name(*pattern);
1171 if (!unit)
1172 return log_oom();
1173
1174 r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
1175 bus,
1176 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1177 unit,
1178 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1179 "Id",
1180 &error,
1181 &unit_id);
1182 if (r < 0)
1183 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get ID: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1184
1185 if (!streq(*pattern, unit_id)) {
1186 if (strv_extend(&expanded_patterns, unit_id) < 0)
1187 return log_oom();
1188 }
1189 }
1190
1191 *ret = expanded_patterns;
1192 expanded_patterns = NULL; /* do not free */
1193
1194 return 0;
1195 }
1196
1197 static int dot(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1198 _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
1199 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1200 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1201 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_patterns = NULL;
1202 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_from_patterns = NULL;
1203 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **expanded_to_patterns = NULL;
1204 int r;
1205 UnitInfo u;
1206
1207 r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
1208 if (r < 0)
1209 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
1210
1211 r = expand_patterns(bus, strv_skip(argv, 1), &expanded_patterns);
1212 if (r < 0)
1213 return r;
1214
1215 r = expand_patterns(bus, arg_dot_from_patterns, &expanded_from_patterns);
1216 if (r < 0)
1217 return r;
1218
1219 r = expand_patterns(bus, arg_dot_to_patterns, &expanded_to_patterns);
1220 if (r < 0)
1221 return r;
1222
1223 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1224 bus,
1225 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1226 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1227 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1228 "ListUnits",
1229 &error,
1230 &reply,
1231 "");
1232 if (r < 0)
1233 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list units: %s", bus_error_message(&error, -r));
1234
1235 r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ssssssouso)");
1236 if (r < 0)
1237 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
1238
1239 printf("digraph systemd {\n");
1240
1241 while ((r = bus_parse_unit_info(reply, &u)) > 0) {
1242
1243 r = graph_one(bus, &u, expanded_patterns, expanded_from_patterns, expanded_to_patterns);
1244 if (r < 0)
1245 return r;
1246 }
1247 if (r < 0)
1248 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
1249
1250 printf("}\n");
1251
1252 log_info(" Color legend: black = Requires\n"
1253 " dark blue = Requisite\n"
1254 " dark grey = Wants\n"
1255 " red = Conflicts\n"
1256 " green = After\n");
1257
1258 if (on_tty())
1259 log_notice("-- You probably want to process this output with graphviz' dot tool.\n"
1260 "-- Try a shell pipeline like 'systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg'!\n");
1261
1262 return 0;
1263 }
1264
1265 static int dump_fallback(sd_bus *bus) {
1266 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1267 _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
1268 const char *text = NULL;
1269 int r;
1270
1271 assert(bus);
1272
1273 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1274 bus,
1275 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1276 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1277 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1278 "Dump",
1279 &error,
1280 &reply,
1281 NULL);
1282 if (r < 0)
1283 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to issue method call Dump: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1284
1285 r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &text);
1286 if (r < 0)
1287 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
1288
1289 fputs(text, stdout);
1290 return 0;
1291 }
1292
1293 static int dump(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1294 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1295 _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
1296 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1297 int fd = -1;
1298 int r;
1299
1300 r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
1301 if (r < 0)
1302 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
1303
1304 (void) pager_open(arg_no_pager, false);
1305
1306 if (!sd_bus_can_send(bus, SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD))
1307 return dump_fallback(bus);
1308
1309 r = sd_bus_call_method(
1310 bus,
1311 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1312 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1313 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1314 "DumpByFileDescriptor",
1315 &error,
1316 &reply,
1317 NULL);
1318 if (r < 0) {
1319 /* fall back to Dump if DumpByFileDescriptor is not supported */
1320 if (!IN_SET(r, -EACCES, -EBADR))
1321 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to issue method call DumpByFileDescriptor: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1322
1323 return dump_fallback(bus);
1324 }
1325
1326 r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "h", &fd);
1327 if (r < 0)
1328 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
1329
1330 fflush(stdout);
1331 return copy_bytes(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, (uint64_t) -1, 0);
1332 }
1333
1334 static int cat_config(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1335 char **arg;
1336 int r;
1337
1338 (void) pager_open(arg_no_pager, false);
1339
1340 STRV_FOREACH(arg, argv + 1) {
1341 const char *t = NULL;
1342
1343 if (arg != argv + 1)
1344 print_separator();
1345
1346 if (path_is_absolute(*arg)) {
1347 const char *dir;
1348
1349 NULSTR_FOREACH(dir, CONF_PATHS_NULSTR("")) {
1350 t = path_startswith(*arg, dir);
1351 if (t)
1352 break;
1353 }
1354
1355 if (!t) {
1356 log_error("Path %s does not start with any known prefix.", *arg);
1357 return -EINVAL;
1358 }
1359 } else
1360 t = *arg;
1361
1362 r = conf_files_cat(arg_root, t);
1363 if (r < 0)
1364 return r;
1365 }
1366
1367 return 0;
1368 }
1369
1370 static int set_log_level(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1371 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1372 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1373 int r;
1374
1375 assert(argc == 2);
1376 assert(argv);
1377
1378 r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
1379 if (r < 0)
1380 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
1381
1382 r = sd_bus_set_property(
1383 bus,
1384 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1385 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1386 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1387 "LogLevel",
1388 &error,
1389 "s",
1390 argv[1]);
1391 if (r < 0)
1392 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1393
1394 return 0;
1395 }
1396
1397 static int get_log_level(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1398 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1399 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1400 _cleanup_free_ char *level = NULL;
1401 int r;
1402
1403 r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
1404 if (r < 0)
1405 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
1406
1407 r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
1408 bus,
1409 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1410 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1411 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1412 "LogLevel",
1413 &error,
1414 &level);
1415 if (r < 0)
1416 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get log level: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1417
1418 puts(level);
1419 return 0;
1420 }
1421
1422 static int get_or_set_log_level(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1423 return (argc == 1) ? get_log_level(argc, argv, userdata) : set_log_level(argc, argv, userdata);
1424 }
1425
1426 static int set_log_target(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1427 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1428 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1429 int r;
1430
1431 assert(argc == 2);
1432 assert(argv);
1433
1434 r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
1435 if (r < 0)
1436 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
1437
1438 r = sd_bus_set_property(
1439 bus,
1440 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1441 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1442 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1443 "LogTarget",
1444 &error,
1445 "s",
1446 argv[1]);
1447 if (r < 0)
1448 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1449
1450 return 0;
1451 }
1452
1453 static int get_log_target(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1454 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1455 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1456 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
1457 int r;
1458
1459 r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
1460 if (r < 0)
1461 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
1462
1463 r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
1464 bus,
1465 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1466 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1467 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1468 "LogTarget",
1469 &error,
1470 &target);
1471 if (r < 0)
1472 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get log target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1473
1474 puts(target);
1475 return 0;
1476 }
1477
1478 static int get_or_set_log_target(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1479 return (argc == 1) ? get_log_target(argc, argv, userdata) : set_log_target(argc, argv, userdata);
1480 }
1481
1482 static int dump_unit_paths(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1483 _cleanup_(lookup_paths_free) LookupPaths paths = {};
1484 int r;
1485 char **p;
1486
1487 r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, arg_scope, 0, NULL);
1488 if (r < 0)
1489 return log_error_errno(r, "lookup_paths_init() failed: %m");
1490
1491 STRV_FOREACH(p, paths.search_path)
1492 puts(*p);
1493
1494 return 0;
1495 }
1496
1497 #if HAVE_SECCOMP
1498 static void dump_syscall_filter(const SyscallFilterSet *set) {
1499 const char *syscall;
1500
1501 printf("%s\n", set->name);
1502 printf(" # %s\n", set->help);
1503 NULSTR_FOREACH(syscall, set->value)
1504 printf(" %s\n", syscall);
1505 }
1506
1507 static int dump_syscall_filters(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1508 bool first = true;
1509
1510 (void) pager_open(arg_no_pager, false);
1511
1512 if (strv_isempty(strv_skip(argv, 1))) {
1513 int i;
1514
1515 for (i = 0; i < _SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_MAX; i++) {
1516 if (!first)
1517 puts("");
1518 dump_syscall_filter(syscall_filter_sets + i);
1519 first = false;
1520 }
1521 } else {
1522 char **name;
1523
1524 STRV_FOREACH(name, strv_skip(argv, 1)) {
1525 const SyscallFilterSet *set;
1526
1527 if (!first)
1528 puts("");
1529
1530 set = syscall_filter_set_find(*name);
1531 if (!set) {
1532 /* make sure the error appears below normal output */
1533 fflush(stdout);
1534
1535 log_error("Filter set \"%s\" not found.", *name);
1536 return -ENOENT;
1537 }
1538
1539 dump_syscall_filter(set);
1540 first = false;
1541 }
1542 }
1543
1544 return 0;
1545 }
1546
1547 #else
1548 static int dump_syscall_filters(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1549 log_error("Not compiled with syscall filters, sorry.");
1550 return -EOPNOTSUPP;
1551 }
1552 #endif
1553
1554 static int test_calendar(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1555 int ret = 0, r;
1556 char **p;
1557 usec_t n;
1558
1559 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1560
1561 STRV_FOREACH(p, strv_skip(argv, 1)) {
1562 _cleanup_(calendar_spec_freep) CalendarSpec *spec = NULL;
1563 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
1564 usec_t next;
1565
1566 r = calendar_spec_from_string(*p, &spec);
1567 if (r < 0) {
1568 ret = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse calendar specification '%s': %m", *p);
1569 continue;
1570 }
1571
1572 r = calendar_spec_normalize(spec);
1573 if (r < 0) {
1574 ret = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to normalize calendar specification '%s': %m", *p);
1575 continue;
1576 }
1577
1578 r = calendar_spec_to_string(spec, &t);
1579 if (r < 0) {
1580 ret = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to format calendar specification '%s': %m", *p);
1581 continue;
1582 }
1583
1584 if (!streq(t, *p))
1585 printf(" Original form: %s\n", *p);
1586
1587 printf("Normalized form: %s\n", t);
1588
1589 r = calendar_spec_next_usec(spec, n, &next);
1590 if (r == -ENOENT)
1591 printf(" Next elapse: never\n");
1592 else if (r < 0) {
1593 ret = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine next elapse for '%s': %m", *p);
1594 continue;
1595 } else {
1596 char buffer[CONST_MAX(FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX, FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX)];
1597
1598 printf(" Next elapse: %s\n", format_timestamp(buffer, sizeof(buffer), next));
1599
1600 if (!in_utc_timezone())
1601 printf(" (in UTC): %s\n", format_timestamp_utc(buffer, sizeof(buffer), next));
1602
1603 printf(" From now: %s\n", format_timestamp_relative(buffer, sizeof(buffer), next));
1604 }
1605
1606 if (*(p+1))
1607 putchar('\n');
1608 }
1609
1610 return ret;
1611 }
1612
1613 static int service_watchdogs(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1614 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
1615 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
1616 int b, r;
1617
1618 assert(IN_SET(argc, 1, 2));
1619 assert(argv);
1620
1621 r = acquire_bus(&bus, NULL);
1622 if (r < 0)
1623 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
1624
1625 /* get ServiceWatchdogs */
1626 if (argc == 1) {
1627 r = sd_bus_get_property_trivial(
1628 bus,
1629 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1630 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1631 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1632 "ServiceWatchdogs",
1633 &error,
1634 'b',
1635 &b);
1636 if (r < 0)
1637 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get service-watchdog state: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1638
1639 printf("%s\n", yes_no(!!b));
1640
1641 return 0;
1642 }
1643
1644 /* set ServiceWatchdogs */
1645 b = parse_boolean(argv[1]);
1646 if (b < 0) {
1647 log_error("Failed to parse service-watchdogs argument.");
1648 return -EINVAL;
1649 }
1650
1651 r = sd_bus_set_property(
1652 bus,
1653 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1654 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1655 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1656 "ServiceWatchdogs",
1657 &error,
1658 "b",
1659 b);
1660 if (r < 0)
1661 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set service-watchdog state: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
1662
1663 return 0;
1664 }
1665
1666 static int do_verify(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1667 return verify_units(strv_skip(argv, 1), arg_scope, arg_man, arg_generators);
1668 }
1669
1670 static int help(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
1671 _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
1672 int r;
1673
1674 (void) pager_open(arg_no_pager, false);
1675
1676 r = terminal_urlify_man("systemd-analyze", "1", &link);
1677 if (r < 0)
1678 return log_oom();
1679
1680 printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
1681 "Profile systemd, show unit dependencies, check unit files.\n\n"
1682 " -h --help Show this help\n"
1683 " --version Show package version\n"
1684 " --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
1685 " --system Operate on system systemd instance\n"
1686 " --user Operate on user systemd instance\n"
1687 " --global Operate on global user configuration\n"
1688 " -H --host=[USER@]HOST Operate on remote host\n"
1689 " -M --machine=CONTAINER Operate on local container\n"
1690 " --order Show only order in the graph\n"
1691 " --require Show only requirement in the graph\n"
1692 " --from-pattern=GLOB Show only origins in the graph\n"
1693 " --to-pattern=GLOB Show only destinations in the graph\n"
1694 " --fuzz=SECONDS Also print also services which finished SECONDS\n"
1695 " earlier than the latest in the branch\n"
1696 " --man[=BOOL] Do [not] check for existence of man pages\n\n"
1697 " --generators[=BOOL] Do [not] run unit generators (requires privileges)\n\n"
1698 "Commands:\n"
1699 " time Print time spent in the kernel\n"
1700 " blame Print list of running units ordered by time to init\n"
1701 " critical-chain [UNIT...] Print a tree of the time critical chain of units\n"
1702 " plot Output SVG graphic showing service initialization\n"
1703 " dot [UNIT...] Output dependency graph in man:dot(1) format\n"
1704 " log-level [LEVEL] Get/set logging threshold for manager\n"
1705 " log-target [TARGET] Get/set logging target for manager\n"
1706 " dump Output state serialization of service manager\n"
1707 " cat-config Show configuration file and drop-ins\n"
1708 " unit-paths List load directories for units\n"
1709 " syscall-filter [NAME...] Print list of syscalls in seccomp filter\n"
1710 " verify FILE... Check unit files for correctness\n"
1711 " calendar SPEC... Validate repetitive calendar time events\n"
1712 " service-watchdogs [BOOL] Get/set service watchdog state\n"
1713 "\nSee the %s for details.\n"
1714 , program_invocation_short_name
1715 , link
1716 );
1717
1718 /* When updating this list, including descriptions, apply changes to shell-completion/bash/systemd-analyze and
1719 * shell-completion/zsh/_systemd-analyze too. */
1720
1721 return 0;
1722 }
1723
1724 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1725 enum {
1726 ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
1727 ARG_ORDER,
1728 ARG_REQUIRE,
1729 ARG_ROOT,
1730 ARG_SYSTEM,
1731 ARG_USER,
1732 ARG_GLOBAL,
1733 ARG_DOT_FROM_PATTERN,
1734 ARG_DOT_TO_PATTERN,
1735 ARG_FUZZ,
1736 ARG_NO_PAGER,
1737 ARG_MAN,
1738 ARG_GENERATORS,
1739 };
1740
1741 static const struct option options[] = {
1742 { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
1743 { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
1744 { "order", no_argument, NULL, ARG_ORDER },
1745 { "require", no_argument, NULL, ARG_REQUIRE },
1746 { "root", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT },
1747 { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
1748 { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
1749 { "global", no_argument, NULL, ARG_GLOBAL },
1750 { "from-pattern", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DOT_FROM_PATTERN },
1751 { "to-pattern", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DOT_TO_PATTERN },
1752 { "fuzz", required_argument, NULL, ARG_FUZZ },
1753 { "no-pager", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER },
1754 { "man", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_MAN },
1755 { "generators", optional_argument, NULL, ARG_GENERATORS },
1756 { "host", required_argument, NULL, 'H' },
1757 { "machine", required_argument, NULL, 'M' },
1758 {}
1759 };
1760
1761 int r, c;
1762
1763 assert(argc >= 0);
1764 assert(argv);
1765
1766 while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hH:M:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
1767 switch (c) {
1768
1769 case 'h':
1770 return help(0, NULL, NULL);
1771
1772 case ARG_VERSION:
1773 return version();
1774
1775 case ARG_ROOT:
1776 arg_root = optarg;
1777 break;
1778
1779 case ARG_SYSTEM:
1780 arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
1781 break;
1782
1783 case ARG_USER:
1784 arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_USER;
1785 break;
1786
1787 case ARG_GLOBAL:
1788 arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_GLOBAL;
1789 break;
1790
1791 case ARG_ORDER:
1792 arg_dot = DEP_ORDER;
1793 break;
1794
1795 case ARG_REQUIRE:
1796 arg_dot = DEP_REQUIRE;
1797 break;
1798
1799 case ARG_DOT_FROM_PATTERN:
1800 if (strv_extend(&arg_dot_from_patterns, optarg) < 0)
1801 return log_oom();
1802
1803 break;
1804
1805 case ARG_DOT_TO_PATTERN:
1806 if (strv_extend(&arg_dot_to_patterns, optarg) < 0)
1807 return log_oom();
1808
1809 break;
1810
1811 case ARG_FUZZ:
1812 r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_fuzz);
1813 if (r < 0)
1814 return r;
1815 break;
1816
1817 case ARG_NO_PAGER:
1818 arg_no_pager = true;
1819 break;
1820
1821 case 'H':
1822 arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE;
1823 arg_host = optarg;
1824 break;
1825
1826 case 'M':
1827 arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE;
1828 arg_host = optarg;
1829 break;
1830
1831 case ARG_MAN:
1832 if (optarg) {
1833 r = parse_boolean(optarg);
1834 if (r < 0) {
1835 log_error("Failed to parse --man= argument.");
1836 return -EINVAL;
1837 }
1838
1839 arg_man = r;
1840 } else
1841 arg_man = true;
1842
1843 break;
1844
1845 case ARG_GENERATORS:
1846 if (optarg) {
1847 r = parse_boolean(optarg);
1848 if (r < 0) {
1849 log_error("Failed to parse --generators= argument.");
1850 return -EINVAL;
1851 }
1852
1853 arg_generators = r;
1854 } else
1855 arg_generators = true;
1856
1857 break;
1858
1859 case '?':
1860 return -EINVAL;
1861
1862 default:
1863 assert_not_reached("Unhandled option code.");
1864 }
1865
1866 if (arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_GLOBAL &&
1867 !STR_IN_SET(argv[optind] ?: "time", "dot", "unit-paths", "verify")) {
1868 log_error("Option --global only makes sense with verbs dot, unit-paths, verify.");
1869 return -EINVAL;
1870 }
1871
1872 if (arg_root && !streq_ptr(argv[optind], "cat-config")) {
1873 log_error("Option --root is only supported for cat-config right now.");
1874 return -EINVAL;
1875 }
1876
1877 return 1; /* work to do */
1878 }
1879
1880 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1881
1882 static const Verb verbs[] = {
1883 { "help", VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0, help },
1884 { "time", VERB_ANY, 1, VERB_DEFAULT, analyze_time },
1885 { "blame", VERB_ANY, 1, 0, analyze_blame },
1886 { "critical-chain", VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0, analyze_critical_chain },
1887 { "plot", VERB_ANY, 1, 0, analyze_plot },
1888 { "dot", VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0, dot },
1889 { "log-level", VERB_ANY, 2, 0, get_or_set_log_level },
1890 { "log-target", VERB_ANY, 2, 0, get_or_set_log_target },
1891 /* The following four verbs are deprecated aliases */
1892 { "set-log-level", 2, 2, 0, set_log_level },
1893 { "get-log-level", VERB_ANY, 1, 0, get_log_level },
1894 { "set-log-target", 2, 2, 0, set_log_target },
1895 { "get-log-target", VERB_ANY, 1, 0, get_log_target },
1896 { "dump", VERB_ANY, 1, 0, dump },
1897 { "cat-config", 2, VERB_ANY, 0, cat_config },
1898 { "unit-paths", 1, 1, 0, dump_unit_paths },
1899 { "syscall-filter", VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0, dump_syscall_filters },
1900 { "verify", 2, VERB_ANY, 0, do_verify },
1901 { "calendar", 2, VERB_ANY, 0, test_calendar },
1902 { "service-watchdogs", VERB_ANY, 2, 0, service_watchdogs },
1903 {}
1904 };
1905
1906 int r;
1907
1908 setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
1909 setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C"); /* we want to format/parse floats in C style */
1910
1911 log_parse_environment();
1912 log_open();
1913
1914 r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
1915 if (r <= 0)
1916 goto finish;
1917
1918 r = dispatch_verb(argc, argv, verbs, NULL);
1919
1920 finish:
1921 pager_close();
1922
1923 strv_free(arg_dot_from_patterns);
1924 strv_free(arg_dot_to_patterns);
1925
1926 return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
1927 }