src/basic/virt.c

   1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
   2
   3 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
   4 #include <cpuid.h>
   5 #endif
   6 #include <errno.h>
   7 #include <stdint.h>
   8 #include <stdlib.h>
   9 #include <string.h>
  10 #include <unistd.h>
  11
  12 #include "alloc-util.h"
  13 #include "dirent-util.h"
  14 #include "env-util.h"
  15 #include "fd-util.h"
  16 #include "fileio.h"
  17 #include "macro.h"
  18 #include "process-util.h"
  19 #include "stat-util.h"
  20 #include "string-table.h"
  21 #include "string-util.h"
  22 #include "virt.h"
  23
  24 static int detect_vm_cpuid(void) {
  25
  26         /* CPUID is an x86 specific interface. */
  27 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
  28
  29         static const struct {
  30                 const char *cpuid;
  31                 int id;
  32         } cpuid_vendor_table[] = {
  33                 { "XenVMMXenVMM", VIRTUALIZATION_XEN       },
  34                 { "KVMKVMKVM",    VIRTUALIZATION_KVM       },
  35                 { "TCGTCGTCGTCG", VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU      },
  36                 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
  37                 { "VMwareVMware", VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE    },
  38                 /* https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/reference/tlfs */
  39                 { "Microsoft Hv", VIRTUALIZATION_MICROSOFT },
  40                 /* https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve */
  41                 { "bhyve bhyve ", VIRTUALIZATION_BHYVE     },
  42                 { "QNXQVMBSQG",   VIRTUALIZATION_QNX       },
  43                 /* https://projectacrn.org */
  44                 { "ACRNACRNACRN", VIRTUALIZATION_ACRN      },
  45         };
  46
  47         uint32_t eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
  48         bool hypervisor;
  49
  50         /* http://lwn.net/Articles/301888/ */
  51
  52         /* First detect whether there is a hypervisor */
  53         if (__get_cpuid(1, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx) == 0)
  54                 return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
  55
  56         hypervisor = ecx & 0x80000000U;
  57
  58         if (hypervisor) {
  59                 union {
  60                         uint32_t sig32[3];
  61                         char text[13];
  62                 } sig = {};
  63                 unsigned j;
  64
  65                 /* There is a hypervisor, see what it is */
  66                 __cpuid(0x40000000U, eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
  67
  68                 sig.sig32[0] = ebx;
  69                 sig.sig32[1] = ecx;
  70                 sig.sig32[2] = edx;
  71
  72                 log_debug("Virtualization found, CPUID=%s", sig.text);
  73
  74                 for (j = 0; j < ELEMENTSOF(cpuid_vendor_table); j ++)
  75                         if (streq(sig.text, cpuid_vendor_table[j].cpuid))
  76                                 return cpuid_vendor_table[j].id;
  77
  78                 return VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
  79         }
  80 #endif
  81         log_debug("No virtualization found in CPUID");
  82
  83         return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
  84 }
  85
  86 static int detect_vm_device_tree(void) {
  87 #if defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
  88         _cleanup_free_ char *hvtype = NULL;
  89         int r;
  90
  91         r = read_one_line_file("/proc/device-tree/hypervisor/compatible", &hvtype);
  92         if (r == -ENOENT) {
  93                 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *dir = NULL;
  94                 struct dirent *dent;
  95
  96                 dir = opendir("/proc/device-tree");
  97                 if (!dir) {
  98                         if (errno == ENOENT) {
  99                                 log_debug_errno(errno, "/proc/device-tree: %m");
 100                                 return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 101                         }
 102                         return -errno;
 103                 }
 104
 105                 FOREACH_DIRENT(dent, dir, return -errno)
 106                         if (strstr(dent->d_name, "fw-cfg")) {
 107                                 log_debug("Virtualization QEMU: \"fw-cfg\" present in /proc/device-tree/%s", dent->d_name);
 108                                 return VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU;
 109                         }
 110
 111                 log_debug("No virtualization found in /proc/device-tree/*");
 112                 return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 113         } else if (r < 0)
 114                 return r;
 115
 116         log_debug("Virtualization %s found in /proc/device-tree/hypervisor/compatible", hvtype);
 117         if (streq(hvtype, "linux,kvm"))
 118                 return VIRTUALIZATION_KVM;
 119         else if (strstr(hvtype, "xen"))
 120                 return VIRTUALIZATION_XEN;
 121         else
 122                 return VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
 123 #else
 124         log_debug("This platform does not support /proc/device-tree");
 125         return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 126 #endif
 127 }
 128
 129 static int detect_vm_dmi(void) {
 130 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__arm__) || defined(__aarch64__)
 131
 132         static const char *const dmi_vendors[] = {
 133                 "/sys/class/dmi/id/product_name", /* Test this before sys_vendor to detect KVM over QEMU */
 134                 "/sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor",
 135                 "/sys/class/dmi/id/board_vendor",
 136                 "/sys/class/dmi/id/bios_vendor"
 137         };
 138
 139         static const struct {
 140                 const char *vendor;
 141                 int id;
 142         } dmi_vendor_table[] = {
 143                 { "KVM",           VIRTUALIZATION_KVM       },
 144                 { "QEMU",          VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU      },
 145                 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
 146                 { "VMware",        VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE    },
 147                 { "VMW",           VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE    },
 148                 { "innotek GmbH",  VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE    },
 149                 { "Xen",           VIRTUALIZATION_XEN       },
 150                 { "Bochs",         VIRTUALIZATION_BOCHS     },
 151                 { "Parallels",     VIRTUALIZATION_PARALLELS },
 152                 /* https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve */
 153                 { "BHYVE",         VIRTUALIZATION_BHYVE     },
 154         };
 155         unsigned i;
 156         int r;
 157
 158         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendors); i++) {
 159                 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
 160                 unsigned j;
 161
 162                 r = read_one_line_file(dmi_vendors[i], &s);
 163                 if (r < 0) {
 164                         if (r == -ENOENT)
 165                                 continue;
 166
 167                         return r;
 168                 }
 169
 170                 for (j = 0; j < ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendor_table); j++)
 171                         if (startswith(s, dmi_vendor_table[j].vendor)) {
 172                                 log_debug("Virtualization %s found in DMI (%s)", s, dmi_vendors[i]);
 173                                 return dmi_vendor_table[j].id;
 174                         }
 175         }
 176 #endif
 177
 178         log_debug("No virtualization found in DMI");
 179
 180         return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 181 }
 182
 183 static int detect_vm_xen(void) {
 184
 185         /* Check for Dom0 will be executed later in detect_vm_xen_dom0
 186            The presence of /proc/xen indicates some form of a Xen domain */
 187         if (access("/proc/xen", F_OK) < 0) {
 188                 log_debug("Virtualization XEN not found, /proc/xen does not exist");
 189                 return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 190         }
 191
 192         log_debug("Virtualization XEN found (/proc/xen exists)");
 193         return VIRTUALIZATION_XEN;
 194 }
 195
 196 #define XENFEAT_dom0 11 /* xen/include/public/features.h */
 197 #define PATH_FEATURES "/sys/hypervisor/properties/features"
 198 /* Returns -errno, or 0 for domU, or 1 for dom0 */
 199 static int detect_vm_xen_dom0(void) {
 200         _cleanup_free_ char *domcap = NULL;
 201         char *cap, *i;
 202         int r;
 203
 204         r = read_one_line_file(PATH_FEATURES, &domcap);
 205         if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
 206                 return r;
 207         if (r >= 0) {
 208                 unsigned long features;
 209
 210                 /* Here, we need to use sscanf() instead of safe_atoul()
 211                  * as the string lacks the leading "0x". */
 212                 r = sscanf(domcap, "%lx", &features);
 213                 if (r == 1) {
 214                         r = !!(features & (1U << XENFEAT_dom0));
 215                         log_debug("Virtualization XEN, found %s with value %08lx, "
 216                                   "XENFEAT_dom0 (indicating the 'hardware domain') is%s set.",
 217                                   PATH_FEATURES, features, r ? "" : " not");
 218                         return r;
 219                 }
 220                 log_debug("Virtualization XEN, found %s, unhandled content '%s'",
 221                           PATH_FEATURES, domcap);
 222         }
 223
 224         r = read_one_line_file("/proc/xen/capabilities", &domcap);
 225         if (r == -ENOENT) {
 226                 log_debug("Virtualization XEN because /proc/xen/capabilities does not exist");
 227                 return 0;
 228         }
 229         if (r < 0)
 230                 return r;
 231
 232         i = domcap;
 233         while ((cap = strsep(&i, ",")))
 234                 if (streq(cap, "control_d"))
 235                         break;
 236         if (!cap) {
 237                 log_debug("Virtualization XEN DomU found (/proc/xen/capabilites)");
 238                 return 0;
 239         }
 240
 241         log_debug("Virtualization XEN Dom0 ignored (/proc/xen/capabilities)");
 242         return 1;
 243 }
 244
 245 static int detect_vm_hypervisor(void) {
 246         _cleanup_free_ char *hvtype = NULL;
 247         int r;
 248
 249         r = read_one_line_file("/sys/hypervisor/type", &hvtype);
 250         if (r == -ENOENT)
 251                 return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 252         if (r < 0)
 253                 return r;
 254
 255         log_debug("Virtualization %s found in /sys/hypervisor/type", hvtype);
 256
 257         if (streq(hvtype, "xen"))
 258                 return VIRTUALIZATION_XEN;
 259         else
 260                 return VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
 261 }
 262
 263 static int detect_vm_uml(void) {
 264         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 265         int r;
 266
 267         /* Detect User-Mode Linux by reading /proc/cpuinfo */
 268         f = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "re");
 269         if (!f) {
 270                 if (errno == ENOENT) {
 271                         log_debug("/proc/cpuinfo not found, assuming no UML virtualization.");
 272                         return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 273                 }
 274                 return -errno;
 275         }
 276
 277         for (;;) {
 278                 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
 279                 const char *t;
 280
 281                 r = read_line(f, LONG_LINE_MAX, &line);
 282                 if (r < 0)
 283                         return r;
 284                 if (r == 0)
 285                         break;
 286
 287                 t = startswith(line, "vendor_id\t: ");
 288                 if (t) {
 289                         if (startswith(t, "User Mode Linux")) {
 290                                 log_debug("UML virtualization found in /proc/cpuinfo");
 291                                 return VIRTUALIZATION_UML;
 292                         }
 293
 294                         break;
 295                 }
 296         }
 297
 298         log_debug("UML virtualization not found in /proc/cpuinfo.");
 299         return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 300 }
 301
 302 static int detect_vm_zvm(void) {
 303
 304 #if defined(__s390__)
 305         _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
 306         int r;
 307
 308         r = get_proc_field("/proc/sysinfo", "VM00 Control Program", WHITESPACE, &t);
 309         if (r == -ENOENT)
 310                 return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 311         if (r < 0)
 312                 return r;
 313
 314         log_debug("Virtualization %s found in /proc/sysinfo", t);
 315         if (streq(t, "z/VM"))
 316                 return VIRTUALIZATION_ZVM;
 317         else
 318                 return VIRTUALIZATION_KVM;
 319 #else
 320         log_debug("This platform does not support /proc/sysinfo");
 321         return VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 322 #endif
 323 }
 324
 325 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM implementations */
 326 int detect_vm(void) {
 327         static thread_local int cached_found = _VIRTUALIZATION_INVALID;
 328         bool other = false;
 329         int r, dmi;
 330
 331         if (cached_found >= 0)
 332                 return cached_found;
 333
 334         /* We have to use the correct order here:
 335          *
 336          * → First, try to detect Oracle Virtualbox, even if it uses KVM, as well as Xen even if it cloaks as Microsoft
 337          *   Hyper-V.
 338          *
 339          * → Second, try to detect from CPUID, this will report KVM for whatever software is used even if info in DMI is
 340          *   overwritten.
 341          *
 342          * → Third, try to detect from DMI. */
 343
 344         dmi = detect_vm_dmi();
 345         if (IN_SET(dmi, VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE, VIRTUALIZATION_XEN)) {
 346                 r = dmi;
 347                 goto finish;
 348         }
 349
 350         r = detect_vm_cpuid();
 351         if (r < 0)
 352                 return r;
 353         if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
 354                 other = true;
 355         else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
 356                 goto finish;
 357
 358         /* Now, let's get back to DMI */
 359         if (dmi < 0)
 360                 return dmi;
 361         if (dmi == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
 362                 other = true;
 363         else if (dmi != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE) {
 364                 r = dmi;
 365                 goto finish;
 366         }
 367
 368         /* x86 xen will most likely be detected by cpuid. If not (most likely
 369          * because we're not an x86 guest), then we should try the /proc/xen
 370          * directory next. If that's not found, then we check for the high-level
 371          * hypervisor sysfs file.
 372          */
 373
 374         r = detect_vm_xen();
 375         if (r < 0)
 376                 return r;
 377         if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
 378                 other = true;
 379         else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
 380                 goto finish;
 381
 382         r = detect_vm_hypervisor();
 383         if (r < 0)
 384                 return r;
 385         if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
 386                 other = true;
 387         else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
 388                 goto finish;
 389
 390         r = detect_vm_device_tree();
 391         if (r < 0)
 392                 return r;
 393         if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
 394                 other = true;
 395         else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
 396                 goto finish;
 397
 398         r = detect_vm_uml();
 399         if (r < 0)
 400                 return r;
 401         if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER)
 402                 other = true;
 403         else if (r != VIRTUALIZATION_NONE)
 404                 goto finish;
 405
 406         r = detect_vm_zvm();
 407         if (r < 0)
 408                 return r;
 409
 410 finish:
 411         /* x86 xen Dom0 is detected as XEN in hypervisor and maybe others.
 412          * In order to detect the Dom0 as not virtualization we need to
 413          * double-check it */
 414         if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_XEN) {
 415                 int dom0;
 416
 417                 dom0 = detect_vm_xen_dom0();
 418                 if (dom0 < 0)
 419                         return dom0;
 420                 if (dom0 > 0)
 421                         r = VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 422         } else if (r == VIRTUALIZATION_NONE && other)
 423                 r = VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER;
 424
 425         cached_found = r;
 426         log_debug("Found VM virtualization %s", virtualization_to_string(r));
 427         return r;
 428 }
 429
 430 int detect_container(void) {
 431
 432         static const struct {
 433                 const char *value;
 434                 int id;
 435         } value_table[] = {
 436                 { "lxc",            VIRTUALIZATION_LXC            },
 437                 { "lxc-libvirt",    VIRTUALIZATION_LXC_LIBVIRT    },
 438                 { "systemd-nspawn", VIRTUALIZATION_SYSTEMD_NSPAWN },
 439                 { "docker",         VIRTUALIZATION_DOCKER         },
 440                 { "rkt",            VIRTUALIZATION_RKT            },
 441                 { "wsl",            VIRTUALIZATION_WSL            },
 442         };
 443
 444         static thread_local int cached_found = _VIRTUALIZATION_INVALID;
 445         _cleanup_free_ char *m = NULL;
 446         _cleanup_free_ char *o = NULL;
 447         const char *e = NULL;
 448         unsigned j;
 449         int r;
 450
 451         if (cached_found >= 0)
 452                 return cached_found;
 453
 454         /* /proc/vz exists in container and outside of the container, /proc/bc only outside of the container. */
 455         if (access("/proc/vz", F_OK) >= 0 &&
 456             access("/proc/bc", F_OK) < 0) {
 457                 r = VIRTUALIZATION_OPENVZ;
 458                 goto finish;
 459         }
 460
 461         /* "Official" way of detecting WSL https://github.com/Microsoft/WSL/issues/423#issuecomment-221627364 */
 462         r = read_one_line_file("/proc/sys/kernel/osrelease", &o);
 463         if (r >= 0) {
 464                 if (strstr(o, "Microsoft") || strstr(o, "WSL")) {
 465                         r = VIRTUALIZATION_WSL;
 466                         goto finish;
 467                 }
 468         }
 469
 470         if (getpid_cached() == 1) {
 471                 /* If we are PID 1 we can just check our own environment variable, and that's authoritative. */
 472
 473                 e = getenv("container");
 474                 if (isempty(e)) {
 475                         r = VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 476                         goto finish;
 477                 }
 478
 479                 goto translate_name;
 480         }
 481
 482         /* Otherwise, PID 1 might have dropped this information into a file in /run. This is better than accessing
 483          * /proc/1/environ, since we don't need CAP_SYS_PTRACE for that. */
 484         r = read_one_line_file("/run/systemd/container", &m);
 485         if (r > 0) {
 486                 e = m;
 487                 goto translate_name;
 488         }
 489         if (!IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, 0))
 490                 return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read /run/systemd/container: %m");
 491
 492         /* Fallback for cases where PID 1 was not systemd (for example, cases where init=/bin/sh is used. */
 493         r = getenv_for_pid(1, "container", &m);
 494         if (r > 0) {
 495                 e = m;
 496                 goto translate_name;
 497         }
 498         if (r < 0) /* This only works if we have CAP_SYS_PTRACE, hence let's better ignore failures here */
 499                 log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to read $container of PID 1, ignoring: %m");
 500
 501         /* Interestingly /proc/1/sched actually shows the host's PID for what we see as PID 1. Hence, if the PID shown
 502          * there is not 1, we know we are in a PID namespace. and hence a container. */
 503         r = read_one_line_file("/proc/1/sched", &m);
 504         if (r >= 0) {
 505                 const char *t;
 506
 507                 t = strrchr(m, '(');
 508                 if (!t)
 509                         return -EIO;
 510
 511                 if (!startswith(t, "(1,")) {
 512                         r = VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER;
 513                         goto finish;
 514                 }
 515         } else if (r != -ENOENT)
 516                 return r;
 517
 518         /* If that didn't work, give up, assume no container manager. */
 519         r = VIRTUALIZATION_NONE;
 520         goto finish;
 521
 522 translate_name:
 523         for (j = 0; j < ELEMENTSOF(value_table); j++)
 524                 if (streq(e, value_table[j].value)) {
 525                         r = value_table[j].id;
 526                         goto finish;
 527                 }
 528
 529         r = VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER;
 530
 531 finish:
 532         log_debug("Found container virtualization %s.", virtualization_to_string(r));
 533         cached_found = r;
 534         return r;
 535 }
 536
 537 int detect_virtualization(void) {
 538         int r;
 539
 540         r = detect_container();
 541         if (r == 0)
 542                 r = detect_vm();
 543
 544         return r;
 545 }
 546
 547 static int userns_has_mapping(const char *name) {
 548         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 549         _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
 550         size_t n_allocated = 0;
 551         ssize_t n;
 552         uint32_t a, b, c;
 553         int r;
 554
 555         f = fopen(name, "re");
 556         if (!f) {
 557                 log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to open %s: %m", name);
 558                 return errno == ENOENT ? false : -errno;
 559         }
 560
 561         n = getline(&buf, &n_allocated, f);
 562         if (n < 0) {
 563                 if (feof(f)) {
 564                         log_debug("%s is empty, we're in an uninitialized user namespace", name);
 565                         return true;
 566                 }
 567
 568                 return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to read %s: %m", name);
 569         }
 570
 571         r = sscanf(buf, "%"PRIu32" %"PRIu32" %"PRIu32, &a, &b, &c);
 572         if (r < 3)
 573                 return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to parse %s: %m", name);
 574
 575         if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == UINT32_MAX) {
 576                 /* The kernel calls mappings_overlap() and does not allow overlaps */
 577                 log_debug("%s has a full 1:1 mapping", name);
 578                 return false;
 579         }
 580
 581         /* Anything else implies that we are in a user namespace */
 582         log_debug("Mapping found in %s, we're in a user namespace", name);
 583         return true;
 584 }
 585
 586 int running_in_userns(void) {
 587         _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
 588         int r;
 589
 590         r = userns_has_mapping("/proc/self/uid_map");
 591         if (r != 0)
 592                 return r;
 593
 594         r = userns_has_mapping("/proc/self/gid_map");
 595         if (r != 0)
 596                 return r;
 597
 598         /* "setgroups" file was added in kernel v3.18-rc6-15-g9cc46516dd. It is also
 599          * possible to compile a kernel without CONFIG_USER_NS, in which case "setgroups"
 600          * also does not exist. We cannot distinguish those two cases, so assume that
 601          * we're running on a stripped-down recent kernel, rather than on an old one,
 602          * and if the file is not found, return false.
 603          */
 604         r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/setgroups", &line);
 605         if (r < 0) {
 606                 log_debug_errno(r, "/proc/self/setgroups: %m");
 607                 return r == -ENOENT ? false : r;
 608         }
 609
 610         truncate_nl(line);
 611         r = streq(line, "deny");
 612         /* See user_namespaces(7) for a description of this "setgroups" contents. */
 613         log_debug("/proc/self/setgroups contains \"%s\", %s user namespace", line, r ? "in" : "not in");
 614         return r;
 615 }
 616
 617 int running_in_chroot(void) {
 618         int r;
 619
 620         if (getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_IGNORE_CHROOT") > 0)
 621                 return 0;
 622
 623         r = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/", 0);
 624         if (r < 0)
 625                 return r;
 626
 627         return r == 0;
 628 }
 629
 630 static const char *const virtualization_table[_VIRTUALIZATION_MAX] = {
 631         [VIRTUALIZATION_NONE] = "none",
 632         [VIRTUALIZATION_KVM] = "kvm",
 633         [VIRTUALIZATION_QEMU] = "qemu",
 634         [VIRTUALIZATION_BOCHS] = "bochs",
 635         [VIRTUALIZATION_XEN] = "xen",
 636         [VIRTUALIZATION_UML] = "uml",
 637         [VIRTUALIZATION_VMWARE] = "vmware",
 638         [VIRTUALIZATION_ORACLE] = "oracle",
 639         [VIRTUALIZATION_MICROSOFT] = "microsoft",
 640         [VIRTUALIZATION_ZVM] = "zvm",
 641         [VIRTUALIZATION_PARALLELS] = "parallels",
 642         [VIRTUALIZATION_BHYVE] = "bhyve",
 643         [VIRTUALIZATION_QNX] = "qnx",
 644         [VIRTUALIZATION_ACRN] = "acrn",
 645         [VIRTUALIZATION_VM_OTHER] = "vm-other",
 646
 647         [VIRTUALIZATION_SYSTEMD_NSPAWN] = "systemd-nspawn",
 648         [VIRTUALIZATION_LXC_LIBVIRT] = "lxc-libvirt",
 649         [VIRTUALIZATION_LXC] = "lxc",
 650         [VIRTUALIZATION_OPENVZ] = "openvz",
 651         [VIRTUALIZATION_DOCKER] = "docker",
 652         [VIRTUALIZATION_RKT] = "rkt",
 653         [VIRTUALIZATION_WSL] = "wsl",
 654         [VIRTUALIZATION_CONTAINER_OTHER] = "container-other",
 655 };
 656
 657 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(virtualization, int);