src/cgtop/cgtop.c

   1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
   2
   3 #include <alloca.h>
   4 #include <errno.h>
   5 #include <getopt.h>
   6 #include <signal.h>
   7 #include <stdint.h>
   8 #include <stdlib.h>
   9 #include <string.h>
  10 #include <unistd.h>
  11
  12 #include "sd-bus.h"
  13
  14 #include "alloc-util.h"
  15 #include "bus-error.h"
  16 #include "bus-util.h"
  17 #include "cgroup-show.h"
  18 #include "cgroup-util.h"
  19 #include "fd-util.h"
  20 #include "fileio.h"
  21 #include "hashmap.h"
  22 #include "parse-util.h"
  23 #include "path-util.h"
  24 #include "process-util.h"
  25 #include "procfs-util.h"
  26 #include "stdio-util.h"
  27 #include "strv.h"
  28 #include "terminal-util.h"
  29 #include "unit-name.h"
  30 #include "util.h"
  31 #include "virt.h"
  32
  33 typedef struct Group {
  34         char *path;
  35
  36         bool n_tasks_valid:1;
  37         bool cpu_valid:1;
  38         bool memory_valid:1;
  39         bool io_valid:1;
  40
  41         uint64_t n_tasks;
  42
  43         unsigned cpu_iteration;
  44         nsec_t cpu_usage;
  45         nsec_t cpu_timestamp;
  46         double cpu_fraction;
  47
  48         uint64_t memory;
  49
  50         unsigned io_iteration;
  51         uint64_t io_input, io_output;
  52         nsec_t io_timestamp;
  53         uint64_t io_input_bps, io_output_bps;
  54 } Group;
  55
  56 static unsigned arg_depth = 3;
  57 static unsigned arg_iterations = (unsigned) -1;
  58 static bool arg_batch = false;
  59 static bool arg_raw = false;
  60 static usec_t arg_delay = 1*USEC_PER_SEC;
  61 static char* arg_machine = NULL;
  62 static char* arg_root = NULL;
  63 static bool arg_recursive = true;
  64 static bool arg_recursive_unset = false;
  65
  66 static enum {
  67         COUNT_PIDS,
  68         COUNT_USERSPACE_PROCESSES,
  69         COUNT_ALL_PROCESSES,
  70 } arg_count = COUNT_PIDS;
  71
  72 static enum {
  73         ORDER_PATH,
  74         ORDER_TASKS,
  75         ORDER_CPU,
  76         ORDER_MEMORY,
  77         ORDER_IO,
  78 } arg_order = ORDER_CPU;
  79
  80 static enum {
  81         CPU_PERCENT,
  82         CPU_TIME,
  83 } arg_cpu_type = CPU_PERCENT;
  84
  85 static void group_free(Group *g) {
  86         assert(g);
  87
  88         free(g->path);
  89         free(g);
  90 }
  91
  92 static void group_hashmap_clear(Hashmap *h) {
  93         hashmap_clear_with_destructor(h, group_free);
  94 }
  95
  96 static void group_hashmap_free(Hashmap *h) {
  97         group_hashmap_clear(h);
  98         hashmap_free(h);
  99 }
 100
 101 static const char *maybe_format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, bool is_valid, uint64_t t) {
 102         if (!is_valid)
 103                 return "-";
 104         if (arg_raw) {
 105                 snprintf(buf, l, "%" PRIu64, t);
 106                 return buf;
 107         }
 108         return format_bytes(buf, l, t);
 109 }
 110
 111 static bool is_root_cgroup(const char *path) {
 112
 113         /* Returns true if the specified path belongs to the root cgroup. The root cgroup is special on cgroupsv2 as it
 114          * carries only very few attributes in order not to export multiple truth about system state as most
 115          * information is available elsewhere in /proc anyway. We need to be able to deal with that, and need to get
 116          * our data from different sources in that case.
 117          *
 118          * There's one extra complication in all of this, though 😣: if the path to the cgroup indicates we are in the
 119          * root cgroup this might actually not be the case, because cgroup namespacing might be in effect
 120          * (CLONE_NEWCGROUP). Since there's no nice way to distuingish a real cgroup root from a fake namespaced one we
 121          * do an explicit container check here, under the assumption that CLONE_NEWCGROUP is generally used when
 122          * container managers are used too.
 123          *
 124          * Note that checking for a container environment is kinda ugly, since in theory people could use cgtop from
 125          * inside a container where cgroup namespacing is turned off to watch the host system. However, that's mostly a
 126          * theoretic usecase, and if people actually try all they'll lose is accounting for the top-level cgroup. Which
 127          * isn't too bad. */
 128
 129         if (detect_container() > 0)
 130                 return false;
 131
 132         return empty_or_root(path);
 133 }
 134
 135 static int process(
 136                 const char *controller,
 137                 const char *path,
 138                 Hashmap *a,
 139                 Hashmap *b,
 140                 unsigned iteration,
 141                 Group **ret) {
 142
 143         Group *g;
 144         int r, all_unified;
 145
 146         assert(controller);
 147         assert(path);
 148         assert(a);
 149
 150         all_unified = cg_all_unified();
 151         if (all_unified < 0)
 152                 return all_unified;
 153
 154         g = hashmap_get(a, path);
 155         if (!g) {
 156                 g = hashmap_get(b, path);
 157                 if (!g) {
 158                         g = new0(Group, 1);
 159                         if (!g)
 160                                 return -ENOMEM;
 161
 162                         g->path = strdup(path);
 163                         if (!g->path) {
 164                                 group_free(g);
 165                                 return -ENOMEM;
 166                         }
 167
 168                         r = hashmap_put(a, g->path, g);
 169                         if (r < 0) {
 170                                 group_free(g);
 171                                 return r;
 172                         }
 173                 } else {
 174                         r = hashmap_move_one(a, b, path);
 175                         if (r < 0)
 176                                 return r;
 177
 178                         g->cpu_valid = g->memory_valid = g->io_valid = g->n_tasks_valid = false;
 179                 }
 180         }
 181
 182         if (streq(controller, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER) &&
 183             IN_SET(arg_count, COUNT_ALL_PROCESSES, COUNT_USERSPACE_PROCESSES)) {
 184                 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 185                 pid_t pid;
 186
 187                 r = cg_enumerate_processes(controller, path, &f);
 188                 if (r == -ENOENT)
 189                         return 0;
 190                 if (r < 0)
 191                         return r;
 192
 193                 g->n_tasks = 0;
 194                 while (cg_read_pid(f, &pid) > 0) {
 195
 196                         if (arg_count == COUNT_USERSPACE_PROCESSES && is_kernel_thread(pid) > 0)
 197                                 continue;
 198
 199                         g->n_tasks++;
 200                 }
 201
 202                 if (g->n_tasks > 0)
 203                         g->n_tasks_valid = true;
 204
 205         } else if (streq(controller, "pids") && arg_count == COUNT_PIDS) {
 206
 207                 if (is_root_cgroup(path)) {
 208                         r = procfs_tasks_get_current(&g->n_tasks);
 209                         if (r < 0)
 210                                 return r;
 211                 } else {
 212                         _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *v = NULL;
 213
 214                         r = cg_get_path(controller, path, "pids.current", &p);
 215                         if (r < 0)
 216                                 return r;
 217
 218                         r = read_one_line_file(p, &v);
 219                         if (r == -ENOENT)
 220                                 return 0;
 221                         if (r < 0)
 222                                 return r;
 223
 224                         r = safe_atou64(v, &g->n_tasks);
 225                         if (r < 0)
 226                                 return r;
 227                 }
 228
 229                 if (g->n_tasks > 0)
 230                         g->n_tasks_valid = true;
 231
 232         } else if (STR_IN_SET(controller, "cpu", "cpuacct")) {
 233                 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *v = NULL;
 234                 uint64_t new_usage;
 235                 nsec_t timestamp;
 236
 237                 if (is_root_cgroup(path)) {
 238                         r = procfs_cpu_get_usage(&new_usage);
 239                         if (r < 0)
 240                                 return r;
 241                 } else if (all_unified) {
 242                         _cleanup_free_ char *val = NULL;
 243
 244                         if (!streq(controller, "cpu"))
 245                                 return 0;
 246
 247                         r = cg_get_keyed_attribute("cpu", path, "cpu.stat", STRV_MAKE("usage_usec"), &val);
 248                         if (IN_SET(r, -ENOENT, -ENXIO))
 249                                 return 0;
 250                         if (r < 0)
 251                                 return r;
 252
 253                         r = safe_atou64(val, &new_usage);
 254                         if (r < 0)
 255                                 return r;
 256
 257                         new_usage *= NSEC_PER_USEC;
 258                 } else {
 259                         if (!streq(controller, "cpuacct"))
 260                                 return 0;
 261
 262                         r = cg_get_path(controller, path, "cpuacct.usage", &p);
 263                         if (r < 0)
 264                                 return r;
 265
 266                         r = read_one_line_file(p, &v);
 267                         if (r == -ENOENT)
 268                                 return 0;
 269                         if (r < 0)
 270                                 return r;
 271
 272                         r = safe_atou64(v, &new_usage);
 273                         if (r < 0)
 274                                 return r;
 275                 }
 276
 277                 timestamp = now_nsec(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
 278
 279                 if (g->cpu_iteration == iteration - 1 &&
 280                     (nsec_t) new_usage > g->cpu_usage) {
 281
 282                         nsec_t x, y;
 283
 284                         x = timestamp - g->cpu_timestamp;
 285                         if (x < 1)
 286                                 x = 1;
 287
 288                         y = (nsec_t) new_usage - g->cpu_usage;
 289                         g->cpu_fraction = (double) y / (double) x;
 290                         g->cpu_valid = true;
 291                 }
 292
 293                 g->cpu_usage = (nsec_t) new_usage;
 294                 g->cpu_timestamp = timestamp;
 295                 g->cpu_iteration = iteration;
 296
 297         } else if (streq(controller, "memory")) {
 298
 299                 if (is_root_cgroup(path)) {
 300                         r = procfs_memory_get_current(&g->memory);
 301                         if (r < 0)
 302                                 return r;
 303                 } else {
 304                         _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *v = NULL;
 305
 306                         if (all_unified)
 307                                 r = cg_get_path(controller, path, "memory.current", &p);
 308                         else
 309                                 r = cg_get_path(controller, path, "memory.usage_in_bytes", &p);
 310                         if (r < 0)
 311                                 return r;
 312
 313                         r = read_one_line_file(p, &v);
 314                         if (r == -ENOENT)
 315                                 return 0;
 316                         if (r < 0)
 317                                 return r;
 318
 319                         r = safe_atou64(v, &g->memory);
 320                         if (r < 0)
 321                                 return r;
 322                 }
 323
 324                 if (g->memory > 0)
 325                         g->memory_valid = true;
 326
 327         } else if ((streq(controller, "io") && all_unified) ||
 328                    (streq(controller, "blkio") && !all_unified)) {
 329                 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 330                 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
 331                 uint64_t wr = 0, rd = 0;
 332                 nsec_t timestamp;
 333
 334                 r = cg_get_path(controller, path, all_unified ? "io.stat" : "blkio.io_service_bytes", &p);
 335                 if (r < 0)
 336                         return r;
 337
 338                 f = fopen(p, "re");
 339                 if (!f) {
 340                         if (errno == ENOENT)
 341                                 return 0;
 342                         return -errno;
 343                 }
 344
 345                 for (;;) {
 346                         char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
 347                         uint64_t k, *q;
 348
 349                         if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
 350                                 break;
 351
 352                         /* Trim and skip the device */
 353                         l = strstrip(line);
 354                         l += strcspn(l, WHITESPACE);
 355                         l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
 356
 357                         if (all_unified) {
 358                                 while (!isempty(l)) {
 359                                         if (sscanf(l, "rbytes=%" SCNu64, &k))
 360                                                 rd += k;
 361                                         else if (sscanf(l, "wbytes=%" SCNu64, &k))
 362                                                 wr += k;
 363
 364                                         l += strcspn(l, WHITESPACE);
 365                                         l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
 366                                 }
 367                         } else {
 368                                 if (first_word(l, "Read")) {
 369                                         l += 4;
 370                                         q = &rd;
 371                                 } else if (first_word(l, "Write")) {
 372                                         l += 5;
 373                                         q = &wr;
 374                                 } else
 375                                         continue;
 376
 377                                 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
 378                                 r = safe_atou64(l, &k);
 379                                 if (r < 0)
 380                                         continue;
 381
 382                                 *q += k;
 383                         }
 384                 }
 385
 386                 timestamp = now_nsec(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
 387
 388                 if (g->io_iteration == iteration - 1) {
 389                         uint64_t x, yr, yw;
 390
 391                         x = (uint64_t) (timestamp - g->io_timestamp);
 392                         if (x < 1)
 393                                 x = 1;
 394
 395                         if (rd > g->io_input)
 396                                 yr = rd - g->io_input;
 397                         else
 398                                 yr = 0;
 399
 400                         if (wr > g->io_output)
 401                                 yw = wr - g->io_output;
 402                         else
 403                                 yw = 0;
 404
 405                         if (yr > 0 || yw > 0) {
 406                                 g->io_input_bps = (yr * 1000000000ULL) / x;
 407                                 g->io_output_bps = (yw * 1000000000ULL) / x;
 408                                 g->io_valid = true;
 409                         }
 410                 }
 411
 412                 g->io_input = rd;
 413                 g->io_output = wr;
 414                 g->io_timestamp = timestamp;
 415                 g->io_iteration = iteration;
 416         }
 417
 418         if (ret)
 419                 *ret = g;
 420
 421         return 0;
 422 }
 423
 424 static int refresh_one(
 425                 const char *controller,
 426                 const char *path,
 427                 Hashmap *a,
 428                 Hashmap *b,
 429                 unsigned iteration,
 430                 unsigned depth,
 431                 Group **ret) {
 432
 433         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
 434         Group *ours = NULL;
 435         int r;
 436
 437         assert(controller);
 438         assert(path);
 439         assert(a);
 440
 441         if (depth > arg_depth)
 442                 return 0;
 443
 444         r = process(controller, path, a, b, iteration, &ours);
 445         if (r < 0)
 446                 return r;
 447
 448         r = cg_enumerate_subgroups(controller, path, &d);
 449         if (r == -ENOENT)
 450                 return 0;
 451         if (r < 0)
 452                 return r;
 453
 454         for (;;) {
 455                 _cleanup_free_ char *fn = NULL, *p = NULL;
 456                 Group *child = NULL;
 457
 458                 r = cg_read_subgroup(d, &fn);
 459                 if (r < 0)
 460                         return r;
 461                 if (r == 0)
 462                         break;
 463
 464                 p = strjoin(path, "/", fn);
 465                 if (!p)
 466                         return -ENOMEM;
 467
 468                 path_simplify(p, false);
 469
 470                 r = refresh_one(controller, p, a, b, iteration, depth + 1, &child);
 471                 if (r < 0)
 472                         return r;
 473
 474                 if (arg_recursive &&
 475                     IN_SET(arg_count, COUNT_ALL_PROCESSES, COUNT_USERSPACE_PROCESSES) &&
 476                     child &&
 477                     child->n_tasks_valid &&
 478                     streq(controller, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER)) {
 479
 480                         /* Recursively sum up processes */
 481
 482                         if (ours->n_tasks_valid)
 483                                 ours->n_tasks += child->n_tasks;
 484                         else {
 485                                 ours->n_tasks = child->n_tasks;
 486                                 ours->n_tasks_valid = true;
 487                         }
 488                 }
 489         }
 490
 491         if (ret)
 492                 *ret = ours;
 493
 494         return 1;
 495 }
 496
 497 static int refresh(const char *root, Hashmap *a, Hashmap *b, unsigned iteration) {
 498         int r;
 499
 500         assert(a);
 501
 502         r = refresh_one(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, root, a, b, iteration, 0, NULL);
 503         if (r < 0)
 504                 return r;
 505         r = refresh_one("cpu", root, a, b, iteration, 0, NULL);
 506         if (r < 0)
 507                 return r;
 508         r = refresh_one("cpuacct", root, a, b, iteration, 0, NULL);
 509         if (r < 0)
 510                 return r;
 511         r = refresh_one("memory", root, a, b, iteration, 0, NULL);
 512         if (r < 0)
 513                 return r;
 514         r = refresh_one("io", root, a, b, iteration, 0, NULL);
 515         if (r < 0)
 516                 return r;
 517         r = refresh_one("blkio", root, a, b, iteration, 0, NULL);
 518         if (r < 0)
 519                 return r;
 520         r = refresh_one("pids", root, a, b, iteration, 0, NULL);
 521         if (r < 0)
 522                 return r;
 523
 524         return 0;
 525 }
 526
 527 static int group_compare(Group * const *a, Group * const *b) {
 528         const Group *x = *a, *y = *b;
 529         int r;
 530
 531         if (arg_order != ORDER_TASKS || arg_recursive) {
 532                 /* Let's make sure that the parent is always before
 533                  * the child. Except when ordering by tasks and
 534                  * recursive summing is off, since that is actually
 535                  * not accumulative for all children. */
 536
 537                 if (path_startswith(empty_to_root(y->path), empty_to_root(x->path)))
 538                         return -1;
 539                 if (path_startswith(empty_to_root(x->path), empty_to_root(y->path)))
 540                         return 1;
 541         }
 542
 543         switch (arg_order) {
 544
 545         case ORDER_PATH:
 546                 break;
 547
 548         case ORDER_CPU:
 549                 if (arg_cpu_type == CPU_PERCENT) {
 550                         if (x->cpu_valid && y->cpu_valid) {
 551                                 r = CMP(y->cpu_fraction, x->cpu_fraction);
 552                                 if (r != 0)
 553                                         return r;
 554                         } else if (x->cpu_valid)
 555                                 return -1;
 556                         else if (y->cpu_valid)
 557                                 return 1;
 558                 } else {
 559                         r = CMP(y->cpu_usage, x->cpu_usage);
 560                         if (r != 0)
 561                                 return r;
 562                 }
 563
 564                 break;
 565
 566         case ORDER_TASKS:
 567                 if (x->n_tasks_valid && y->n_tasks_valid) {
 568                         r = CMP(y->n_tasks, x->n_tasks);
 569                         if (r != 0)
 570                                 return r;
 571                 } else if (x->n_tasks_valid)
 572                         return -1;
 573                 else if (y->n_tasks_valid)
 574                         return 1;
 575
 576                 break;
 577
 578         case ORDER_MEMORY:
 579                 if (x->memory_valid && y->memory_valid) {
 580                         r = CMP(y->memory, x->memory);
 581                         if (r != 0)
 582                                 return r;
 583                 } else if (x->memory_valid)
 584                         return -1;
 585                 else if (y->memory_valid)
 586                         return 1;
 587
 588                 break;
 589
 590         case ORDER_IO:
 591                 if (x->io_valid && y->io_valid) {
 592                         r = CMP(y->io_input_bps + y->io_output_bps, x->io_input_bps + x->io_output_bps);
 593                         if (r != 0)
 594                                 return r;
 595                 } else if (x->io_valid)
 596                         return -1;
 597                 else if (y->io_valid)
 598                         return 1;
 599         }
 600
 601         return path_compare(x->path, y->path);
 602 }
 603
 604 static void display(Hashmap *a) {
 605         Iterator i;
 606         Group *g;
 607         Group **array;
 608         signed path_columns;
 609         unsigned rows, n = 0, j, maxtcpu = 0, maxtpath = 3; /* 3 for ellipsize() to work properly */
 610         char buffer[MAX3(21, FORMAT_BYTES_MAX, FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX)];
 611
 612         assert(a);
 613
 614         if (!terminal_is_dumb())
 615                 fputs(ANSI_HOME_CLEAR, stdout);
 616
 617         array = newa(Group*, hashmap_size(a));
 618
 619         HASHMAP_FOREACH(g, a, i)
 620                 if (g->n_tasks_valid || g->cpu_valid || g->memory_valid || g->io_valid)
 621                         array[n++] = g;
 622
 623         typesafe_qsort(array, n, group_compare);
 624
 625         /* Find the longest names in one run */
 626         for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
 627                 unsigned cputlen, pathtlen;
 628
 629                 format_timespan(buffer, sizeof(buffer), (usec_t) (array[j]->cpu_usage / NSEC_PER_USEC), 0);
 630                 cputlen = strlen(buffer);
 631                 maxtcpu = MAX(maxtcpu, cputlen);
 632
 633                 pathtlen = strlen(array[j]->path);
 634                 maxtpath = MAX(maxtpath, pathtlen);
 635         }
 636
 637         if (arg_cpu_type == CPU_PERCENT)
 638                 xsprintf(buffer, "%6s", "%CPU");
 639         else
 640                 xsprintf(buffer, "%*s", maxtcpu, "CPU Time");
 641
 642         rows = lines();
 643         if (rows <= 10)
 644                 rows = 10;
 645
 646         if (on_tty()) {
 647                 const char *on, *off;
 648
 649                 path_columns = columns() - 36 - strlen(buffer);
 650                 if (path_columns < 10)
 651                         path_columns = 10;
 652
 653                 on = ansi_highlight_underline();
 654                 off = ansi_underline();
 655
 656                 printf("%s%s%-*s%s %s%7s%s %s%s%s %s%8s%s %s%8s%s %s%8s%s%s\n",
 657                        ansi_underline(),
 658                        arg_order == ORDER_PATH ? on : "", path_columns, "Control Group",
 659                        arg_order == ORDER_PATH ? off : "",
 660                        arg_order == ORDER_TASKS ? on : "", arg_count == COUNT_PIDS ? "Tasks" : arg_count == COUNT_USERSPACE_PROCESSES ? "Procs" : "Proc+",
 661                        arg_order == ORDER_TASKS ? off : "",
 662                        arg_order == ORDER_CPU ? on : "", buffer,
 663                        arg_order == ORDER_CPU ? off : "",
 664                        arg_order == ORDER_MEMORY ? on : "", "Memory",
 665                        arg_order == ORDER_MEMORY ? off : "",
 666                        arg_order == ORDER_IO ? on : "", "Input/s",
 667                        arg_order == ORDER_IO ? off : "",
 668                        arg_order == ORDER_IO ? on : "", "Output/s",
 669                        arg_order == ORDER_IO ? off : "",
 670                        ansi_normal());
 671         } else
 672                 path_columns = maxtpath;
 673
 674         for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
 675                 _cleanup_free_ char *ellipsized = NULL;
 676                 const char *path;
 677
 678                 if (on_tty() && j + 6 > rows)
 679                         break;
 680
 681                 g = array[j];
 682
 683                 path = empty_to_root(g->path);
 684                 ellipsized = ellipsize(path, path_columns, 33);
 685                 printf("%-*s", path_columns, ellipsized ?: path);
 686
 687                 if (g->n_tasks_valid)
 688                         printf(" %7" PRIu64, g->n_tasks);
 689                 else
 690                         fputs("       -", stdout);
 691
 692                 if (arg_cpu_type == CPU_PERCENT) {
 693                         if (g->cpu_valid)
 694                                 printf(" %6.1f", g->cpu_fraction*100);
 695                         else
 696                                 fputs("      -", stdout);
 697                 } else
 698                         printf(" %*s", maxtcpu, format_timespan(buffer, sizeof(buffer), (usec_t) (g->cpu_usage / NSEC_PER_USEC), 0));
 699
 700                 printf(" %8s", maybe_format_bytes(buffer, sizeof(buffer), g->memory_valid, g->memory));
 701                 printf(" %8s", maybe_format_bytes(buffer, sizeof(buffer), g->io_valid, g->io_input_bps));
 702                 printf(" %8s", maybe_format_bytes(buffer, sizeof(buffer), g->io_valid, g->io_output_bps));
 703
 704                 putchar('\n');
 705         }
 706 }
 707
 708 static int help(void) {
 709         _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
 710         int r;
 711
 712         r = terminal_urlify_man("systemd-cgtop", "1", &link);
 713         if (r < 0)
 714                 return log_oom();
 715
 716         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [CGROUP]\n\n"
 717                "Show top control groups by their resource usage.\n\n"
 718                "  -h --help           Show this help\n"
 719                "     --version        Show package version\n"
 720                "  -p --order=path     Order by path\n"
 721                "  -t --order=tasks    Order by number of tasks/processes\n"
 722                "  -c --order=cpu      Order by CPU load (default)\n"
 723                "  -m --order=memory   Order by memory load\n"
 724                "  -i --order=io       Order by IO load\n"
 725                "  -r --raw            Provide raw (not human-readable) numbers\n"
 726                "     --cpu=percentage Show CPU usage as percentage (default)\n"
 727                "     --cpu=time       Show CPU usage as time\n"
 728                "  -P                  Count userspace processes instead of tasks (excl. kernel)\n"
 729                "  -k                  Count all processes instead of tasks (incl. kernel)\n"
 730                "     --recursive=BOOL Sum up process count recursively\n"
 731                "  -d --delay=DELAY    Delay between updates\n"
 732                "  -n --iterations=N   Run for N iterations before exiting\n"
 733                "  -1                  Shortcut for --iterations=1\n"
 734                "  -b --batch          Run in batch mode, accepting no input\n"
 735                "     --depth=DEPTH    Maximum traversal depth (default: %u)\n"
 736                "  -M --machine=       Show container\n"
 737                "\nSee the %s for details.\n"
 738                , program_invocation_short_name
 739                , arg_depth
 740                , link
 741         );
 742
 743         return 0;
 744 }
 745
 746 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 747
 748         enum {
 749                 ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
 750                 ARG_DEPTH,
 751                 ARG_CPU_TYPE,
 752                 ARG_ORDER,
 753                 ARG_RECURSIVE,
 754         };
 755
 756         static const struct option options[] = {
 757                 { "help",         no_argument,       NULL, 'h'           },
 758                 { "version",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION   },
 759                 { "delay",        required_argument, NULL, 'd'           },
 760                 { "iterations",   required_argument, NULL, 'n'           },
 761                 { "batch",        no_argument,       NULL, 'b'           },
 762                 { "raw",          no_argument,       NULL, 'r'           },
 763                 { "depth",        required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEPTH     },
 764                 { "cpu",          optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CPU_TYPE  },
 765                 { "order",        required_argument, NULL, ARG_ORDER     },
 766                 { "recursive",    required_argument, NULL, ARG_RECURSIVE },
 767                 { "machine",      required_argument, NULL, 'M'           },
 768                 {}
 769         };
 770
 771         int c, r;
 772
 773         assert(argc >= 1);
 774         assert(argv);
 775
 776         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hptcmin:brd:kPM:1", options, NULL)) >= 0)
 777
 778                 switch (c) {
 779
 780                 case 'h':
 781                         return help();
 782
 783                 case ARG_VERSION:
 784                         return version();
 785
 786                 case ARG_CPU_TYPE:
 787                         if (optarg) {
 788                                 if (streq(optarg, "time"))
 789                                         arg_cpu_type = CPU_TIME;
 790                                 else if (streq(optarg, "percentage"))
 791                                         arg_cpu_type = CPU_PERCENT;
 792                                 else {
 793                                         log_error("Unknown argument to --cpu=: %s", optarg);
 794                                         return -EINVAL;
 795                                 }
 796                         } else
 797                                 arg_cpu_type = CPU_TIME;
 798
 799                         break;
 800
 801                 case ARG_DEPTH:
 802                         r = safe_atou(optarg, &arg_depth);
 803                         if (r < 0)
 804                                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse depth parameter: %s", optarg);
 805
 806                         break;
 807
 808                 case 'd':
 809                         r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_delay);
 810                         if (r < 0 || arg_delay <= 0) {
 811                                 log_error("Failed to parse delay parameter: %s", optarg);
 812                                 return -EINVAL;
 813                         }
 814
 815                         break;
 816
 817                 case 'n':
 818                         r = safe_atou(optarg, &arg_iterations);
 819                         if (r < 0)
 820                                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse iterations parameter: %s", optarg);
 821
 822                         break;
 823
 824                 case '1':
 825                         arg_iterations = 1;
 826                         break;
 827
 828                 case 'b':
 829                         arg_batch = true;
 830                         break;
 831
 832                 case 'r':
 833                         arg_raw = true;
 834                         break;
 835
 836                 case 'p':
 837                         arg_order = ORDER_PATH;
 838                         break;
 839
 840                 case 't':
 841                         arg_order = ORDER_TASKS;
 842                         break;
 843
 844                 case 'c':
 845                         arg_order = ORDER_CPU;
 846                         break;
 847
 848                 case 'm':
 849                         arg_order = ORDER_MEMORY;
 850                         break;
 851
 852                 case 'i':
 853                         arg_order = ORDER_IO;
 854                         break;
 855
 856                 case ARG_ORDER:
 857                         if (streq(optarg, "path"))
 858                                 arg_order = ORDER_PATH;
 859                         else if (streq(optarg, "tasks"))
 860                                 arg_order = ORDER_TASKS;
 861                         else if (streq(optarg, "cpu"))
 862                                 arg_order = ORDER_CPU;
 863                         else if (streq(optarg, "memory"))
 864                                 arg_order = ORDER_MEMORY;
 865                         else if (streq(optarg, "io"))
 866                                 arg_order = ORDER_IO;
 867                         else {
 868                                 log_error("Invalid argument to --order=: %s", optarg);
 869                                 return -EINVAL;
 870                         }
 871                         break;
 872
 873                 case 'k':
 874                         arg_count = COUNT_ALL_PROCESSES;
 875                         break;
 876
 877                 case 'P':
 878                         arg_count = COUNT_USERSPACE_PROCESSES;
 879                         break;
 880
 881                 case ARG_RECURSIVE:
 882                         r = parse_boolean(optarg);
 883                         if (r < 0)
 884                                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse --recursive= argument: %s", optarg);
 885
 886                         arg_recursive = r;
 887                         arg_recursive_unset = r == 0;
 888                         break;
 889
 890                 case 'M':
 891                         arg_machine = optarg;
 892                         break;
 893
 894                 case '?':
 895                         return -EINVAL;
 896
 897                 default:
 898                         assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
 899                 }
 900
 901         if (optind == argc - 1)
 902                 arg_root = argv[optind];
 903         else if (optind < argc) {
 904                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
 905                 return -EINVAL;
 906         }
 907
 908         return 1;
 909 }
 910
 911 static const char* counting_what(void) {
 912         if (arg_count == COUNT_PIDS)
 913                 return "tasks";
 914         else if (arg_count == COUNT_ALL_PROCESSES)
 915                 return "all processes (incl. kernel)";
 916         else
 917                 return "userspace processes (excl. kernel)";
 918 }
 919
 920 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 921         int r;
 922         Hashmap *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
 923         unsigned iteration = 0;
 924         usec_t last_refresh = 0;
 925         bool quit = false, immediate_refresh = false;
 926         _cleanup_free_ char *root = NULL;
 927         CGroupMask mask;
 928
 929         log_parse_environment();
 930         log_open();
 931
 932         r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
 933         if (r <= 0)
 934                 goto finish;
 935
 936         r = cg_mask_supported(&mask);
 937         if (r < 0) {
 938                 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine supported controllers: %m");
 939                 goto finish;
 940         }
 941
 942         arg_count = (mask & CGROUP_MASK_PIDS) ? COUNT_PIDS : COUNT_USERSPACE_PROCESSES;
 943
 944         if (arg_recursive_unset && arg_count == COUNT_PIDS) {
 945                 log_error("Non-recursive counting is only supported when counting processes, not tasks. Use -P or -k.");
 946                 return -EINVAL;
 947         }
 948
 949         r = show_cgroup_get_path_and_warn(arg_machine, arg_root, &root);
 950         if (r < 0) {
 951                 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get root control group path: %m");
 952                 goto finish;
 953         } else
 954                 log_debug("Cgroup path: %s", root);
 955
 956         a = hashmap_new(&path_hash_ops);
 957         b = hashmap_new(&path_hash_ops);
 958         if (!a || !b) {
 959                 r = log_oom();
 960                 goto finish;
 961         }
 962
 963         signal(SIGWINCH, columns_lines_cache_reset);
 964
 965         if (arg_iterations == (unsigned) -1)
 966                 arg_iterations = on_tty() ? 0 : 1;
 967
 968         while (!quit) {
 969                 Hashmap *c;
 970                 usec_t t;
 971                 char key;
 972                 char h[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
 973
 974                 t = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
 975
 976                 if (t >= last_refresh + arg_delay || immediate_refresh) {
 977
 978                         r = refresh(root, a, b, iteration++);
 979                         if (r < 0) {
 980                                 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to refresh: %m");
 981                                 goto finish;
 982                         }
 983
 984                         group_hashmap_clear(b);
 985
 986                         c = a;
 987                         a = b;
 988                         b = c;
 989
 990                         last_refresh = t;
 991                         immediate_refresh = false;
 992                 }
 993
 994                 display(b);
 995
 996                 if (arg_iterations && iteration >= arg_iterations)
 997                         break;
 998
 999                 if (!on_tty()) /* non-TTY: Empty newline as delimiter between polls */
1000                         fputs("\n", stdout);
1001                 fflush(stdout);
1002
1003                 if (arg_batch)
1004                         (void) usleep(last_refresh + arg_delay - t);
1005                 else {
1006                         r = read_one_char(stdin, &key, last_refresh + arg_delay - t, NULL);
1007                         if (r == -ETIMEDOUT)
1008                                 continue;
1009                         if (r < 0) {
1010                                 log_error_errno(r, "Couldn't read key: %m");
1011                                 goto finish;
1012                         }
1013                 }
1014
1015                 if (on_tty()) { /* TTY: Clear any user keystroke */
1016                         fputs("\r \r", stdout);
1017                         fflush(stdout);
1018                 }
1019
1020                 if (arg_batch)
1021                         continue;
1022
1023                 switch (key) {
1024
1025                 case ' ':
1026                         immediate_refresh = true;
1027                         break;
1028
1029                 case 'q':
1030                         quit = true;
1031                         break;
1032
1033                 case 'p':
1034                         arg_order = ORDER_PATH;
1035                         break;
1036
1037                 case 't':
1038                         arg_order = ORDER_TASKS;
1039                         break;
1040
1041                 case 'c':
1042                         arg_order = ORDER_CPU;
1043                         break;
1044
1045                 case 'm':
1046                         arg_order = ORDER_MEMORY;
1047                         break;
1048
1049                 case 'i':
1050                         arg_order = ORDER_IO;
1051                         break;
1052
1053                 case '%':
1054                         arg_cpu_type = arg_cpu_type == CPU_TIME ? CPU_PERCENT : CPU_TIME;
1055                         break;
1056
1057                 case 'k':
1058                         arg_count = arg_count != COUNT_ALL_PROCESSES ? COUNT_ALL_PROCESSES : COUNT_PIDS;
1059                         fprintf(stdout, "\nCounting: %s.", counting_what());
1060                         fflush(stdout);
1061                         sleep(1);
1062                         break;
1063
1064                 case 'P':
1065                         arg_count = arg_count != COUNT_USERSPACE_PROCESSES ? COUNT_USERSPACE_PROCESSES : COUNT_PIDS;
1066                         fprintf(stdout, "\nCounting: %s.", counting_what());
1067                         fflush(stdout);
1068                         sleep(1);
1069                         break;
1070
1071                 case 'r':
1072                         if (arg_count == COUNT_PIDS)
1073                                 fprintf(stdout, "\n\aCannot toggle recursive counting, not available in task counting mode.");
1074                         else {
1075                                 arg_recursive = !arg_recursive;
1076                                 fprintf(stdout, "\nRecursive process counting: %s", yes_no(arg_recursive));
1077                         }
1078                         fflush(stdout);
1079                         sleep(1);
1080                         break;
1081
1082                 case '+':
1083                         if (arg_delay < USEC_PER_SEC)
1084                                 arg_delay += USEC_PER_MSEC*250;
1085                         else
1086                                 arg_delay += USEC_PER_SEC;
1087
1088                         fprintf(stdout, "\nIncreased delay to %s.", format_timespan(h, sizeof(h), arg_delay, 0));
1089                         fflush(stdout);
1090                         sleep(1);
1091                         break;
1092
1093                 case '-':
1094                         if (arg_delay <= USEC_PER_MSEC*500)
1095                                 arg_delay = USEC_PER_MSEC*250;
1096                         else if (arg_delay < USEC_PER_MSEC*1250)
1097                                 arg_delay -= USEC_PER_MSEC*250;
1098                         else
1099                                 arg_delay -= USEC_PER_SEC;
1100
1101                         fprintf(stdout, "\nDecreased delay to %s.", format_timespan(h, sizeof(h), arg_delay, 0));
1102                         fflush(stdout);
1103                         sleep(1);
1104                         break;
1105
1106                 case '?':
1107                 case 'h':
1108
1109 #define ON ANSI_HIGHLIGHT
1110 #define OFF ANSI_NORMAL
1111
1112                         fprintf(stdout,
1113                                 "\t<" ON "p" OFF "> By path; <" ON "t" OFF "> By tasks/procs; <" ON "c" OFF "> By CPU; <" ON "m" OFF "> By memory; <" ON "i" OFF "> By I/O\n"
1114                                 "\t<" ON "+" OFF "> Inc. delay; <" ON "-" OFF "> Dec. delay; <" ON "%%" OFF "> Toggle time; <" ON "SPACE" OFF "> Refresh\n"
1115                                 "\t<" ON "P" OFF "> Toggle count userspace processes; <" ON "k" OFF "> Toggle count all processes\n"
1116                                 "\t<" ON "r" OFF "> Count processes recursively; <" ON "q" OFF "> Quit");
1117                         fflush(stdout);
1118                         sleep(3);
1119                         break;
1120
1121                 default:
1122                         if (key < ' ')
1123                                 fprintf(stdout, "\nUnknown key '\\x%x'. Ignoring.", key);
1124                         else
1125                                 fprintf(stdout, "\nUnknown key '%c'. Ignoring.", key);
1126                         fflush(stdout);
1127                         sleep(1);
1128                         break;
1129                 }
1130         }
1131
1132         r = 0;
1133
1134 finish:
1135         group_hashmap_free(a);
1136         group_hashmap_free(b);
1137
1138         return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
1139 }