1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
6 #include <sys/eventfd.h>
10 #include <sys/personality.h>
11 #include <sys/prctl.h>
13 #include <sys/types.h>
19 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
23 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
31 #include <sys/apparmor.h>
34 #include "sd-messages.h"
38 #include "alloc-util.h"
40 #include "apparmor-util.h"
42 #include "argv-util.h"
47 #include "capability-util.h"
48 #include "cgroup-setup.h"
49 #include "chase-symlinks.h"
50 #include "chown-recursive.h"
51 #include "constants.h"
52 #include "cpu-set-util.h"
53 #include "creds-util.h"
54 #include "data-fd-util.h"
57 #include "errno-list.h"
60 #include "exit-status.h"
63 #include "format-util.h"
64 #include "glob-util.h"
65 #include "hexdecoct.h"
67 #include "ioprio-util.h"
72 #include "manager-dump.h"
73 #include "memory-util.h"
74 #include "missing_fs.h"
75 #include "missing_ioprio.h"
76 #include "mkdir-label.h"
77 #include "mount-util.h"
78 #include "mountpoint-util.h"
79 #include "namespace.h"
80 #include "parse-util.h"
81 #include "path-util.h"
82 #include "process-util.h"
83 #include "random-util.h"
84 #include "recurse-dir.h"
85 #include "rlimit-util.h"
88 #include "seccomp-util.h"
90 #include "securebits-util.h"
91 #include "selinux-util.h"
92 #include "signal-util.h"
93 #include "smack-util.h"
94 #include "socket-util.h"
95 #include "sort-util.h"
97 #include "stat-util.h"
98 #include "string-table.h"
99 #include "string-util.h"
101 #include "syslog-util.h"
102 #include "terminal-util.h"
103 #include "tmpfile-util.h"
104 #include "umask-util.h"
105 #include "unit-serialize.h"
106 #include "user-util.h"
107 #include "utmp-wtmp.h"
109 #define IDLE_TIMEOUT_USEC (5*USEC_PER_SEC)
110 #define IDLE_TIMEOUT2_USEC (1*USEC_PER_SEC)
112 #define SNDBUF_SIZE (8*1024*1024)
114 static int shift_fds(int fds
[], size_t n_fds
) {
118 /* Modifies the fds array! (sorts it) */
122 for (int start
= 0;;) {
123 int restart_from
= -1;
125 for (int i
= start
; i
< (int) n_fds
; i
++) {
128 /* Already at right index? */
132 nfd
= fcntl(fds
[i
], F_DUPFD
, i
+ 3);
139 /* Hmm, the fd we wanted isn't free? Then
140 * let's remember that and try again from here */
141 if (nfd
!= i
+3 && restart_from
< 0)
145 if (restart_from
< 0)
148 start
= restart_from
;
154 static int flags_fds(
167 /* Drops/Sets O_NONBLOCK and FD_CLOEXEC from the file flags.
168 * O_NONBLOCK only applies to socket activation though. */
170 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< n_fds
; i
++) {
172 if (i
< n_socket_fds
) {
173 r
= fd_nonblock(fds
[i
], nonblock
);
178 /* We unconditionally drop FD_CLOEXEC from the fds,
179 * since after all we want to pass these fds to our
182 r
= fd_cloexec(fds
[i
], false);
190 static const char *exec_context_tty_path(const ExecContext
*context
) {
193 if (context
->stdio_as_fds
)
196 if (context
->tty_path
)
197 return context
->tty_path
;
199 return "/dev/console";
202 static void exec_context_tty_reset(const ExecContext
*context
, const ExecParameters
*p
) {
207 path
= exec_context_tty_path(context
);
209 if (context
->tty_vhangup
) {
210 if (p
&& p
->stdin_fd
>= 0)
211 (void) terminal_vhangup_fd(p
->stdin_fd
);
213 (void) terminal_vhangup(path
);
216 if (context
->tty_reset
) {
217 if (p
&& p
->stdin_fd
>= 0)
218 (void) reset_terminal_fd(p
->stdin_fd
, true);
220 (void) reset_terminal(path
);
223 if (p
&& p
->stdin_fd
>= 0)
224 (void) terminal_set_size_fd(p
->stdin_fd
, path
, context
->tty_rows
, context
->tty_cols
);
226 if (context
->tty_vt_disallocate
&& path
)
227 (void) vt_disallocate(path
);
230 static bool is_terminal_input(ExecInput i
) {
233 EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE
,
234 EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL
);
237 static bool is_terminal_output(ExecOutput o
) {
240 EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE
,
241 EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL_AND_CONSOLE
);
244 static bool is_kmsg_output(ExecOutput o
) {
247 EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE
);
250 static bool exec_context_needs_term(const ExecContext
*c
) {
253 /* Return true if the execution context suggests we should set $TERM to something useful. */
255 if (is_terminal_input(c
->std_input
))
258 if (is_terminal_output(c
->std_output
))
261 if (is_terminal_output(c
->std_error
))
264 return !!c
->tty_path
;
267 static int open_null_as(int flags
, int nfd
) {
272 fd
= open("/dev/null", flags
|O_NOCTTY
);
276 return move_fd(fd
, nfd
, false);
279 static int connect_journal_socket(
281 const char *log_namespace
,
285 uid_t olduid
= UID_INVALID
;
286 gid_t oldgid
= GID_INVALID
;
291 strjoina("/run/systemd/journal.", log_namespace
, "/stdout") :
292 "/run/systemd/journal/stdout";
294 if (gid_is_valid(gid
)) {
297 if (setegid(gid
) < 0)
301 if (uid_is_valid(uid
)) {
304 if (seteuid(uid
) < 0) {
310 r
= connect_unix_path(fd
, AT_FDCWD
, j
);
312 /* If we fail to restore the uid or gid, things will likely fail later on. This should only happen if
313 an LSM interferes. */
315 if (uid_is_valid(uid
))
316 (void) seteuid(olduid
);
319 if (gid_is_valid(gid
))
320 (void) setegid(oldgid
);
325 static int connect_logger_as(
327 const ExecContext
*context
,
328 const ExecParameters
*params
,
335 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
;
340 assert(output
< _EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX
);
344 fd
= socket(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_STREAM
, 0);
348 r
= connect_journal_socket(fd
, context
->log_namespace
, uid
, gid
);
352 if (shutdown(fd
, SHUT_RD
) < 0)
355 (void) fd_inc_sndbuf(fd
, SNDBUF_SIZE
);
365 context
->syslog_identifier
?: ident
,
366 params
->flags
& EXEC_PASS_LOG_UNIT
? unit
->id
: "",
367 context
->syslog_priority
,
368 !!context
->syslog_level_prefix
,
370 is_kmsg_output(output
),
371 is_terminal_output(output
)) < 0)
374 return move_fd(TAKE_FD(fd
), nfd
, false);
377 static int open_terminal_as(const char *path
, int flags
, int nfd
) {
383 fd
= open_terminal(path
, flags
| O_NOCTTY
);
387 return move_fd(fd
, nfd
, false);
390 static int acquire_path(const char *path
, int flags
, mode_t mode
) {
391 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
;
396 if (IN_SET(flags
& O_ACCMODE
, O_WRONLY
, O_RDWR
))
399 fd
= open(path
, flags
|O_NOCTTY
, mode
);
403 if (errno
!= ENXIO
) /* ENXIO is returned when we try to open() an AF_UNIX file system socket on Linux */
406 /* So, it appears the specified path could be an AF_UNIX socket. Let's see if we can connect to it. */
408 fd
= socket(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_STREAM
, 0);
412 r
= connect_unix_path(fd
, AT_FDCWD
, path
);
413 if (IN_SET(r
, -ENOTSOCK
, -EINVAL
))
414 /* Propagate initial error if we get ENOTSOCK or EINVAL, i.e. we have indication that this
415 * wasn't an AF_UNIX socket after all */
420 if ((flags
& O_ACCMODE
) == O_RDONLY
)
421 r
= shutdown(fd
, SHUT_WR
);
422 else if ((flags
& O_ACCMODE
) == O_WRONLY
)
423 r
= shutdown(fd
, SHUT_RD
);
432 static int fixup_input(
433 const ExecContext
*context
,
435 bool apply_tty_stdin
) {
441 std_input
= context
->std_input
;
443 if (is_terminal_input(std_input
) && !apply_tty_stdin
)
444 return EXEC_INPUT_NULL
;
446 if (std_input
== EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET
&& socket_fd
< 0)
447 return EXEC_INPUT_NULL
;
449 if (std_input
== EXEC_INPUT_DATA
&& context
->stdin_data_size
== 0)
450 return EXEC_INPUT_NULL
;
455 static int fixup_output(ExecOutput output
, int socket_fd
) {
457 if (output
== EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET
&& socket_fd
< 0)
458 return EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT
;
463 static int setup_input(
464 const ExecContext
*context
,
465 const ExecParameters
*params
,
467 const int named_iofds
[static 3]) {
476 if (params
->stdin_fd
>= 0) {
477 if (dup2(params
->stdin_fd
, STDIN_FILENO
) < 0)
480 /* Try to make this the controlling tty, if it is a tty, and reset it */
481 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO
)) {
482 (void) ioctl(STDIN_FILENO
, TIOCSCTTY
, context
->std_input
== EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE
);
483 (void) reset_terminal_fd(STDIN_FILENO
, true);
484 (void) terminal_set_size_fd(STDIN_FILENO
, NULL
, context
->tty_rows
, context
->tty_cols
);
490 i
= fixup_input(context
, socket_fd
, params
->flags
& EXEC_APPLY_TTY_STDIN
);
494 case EXEC_INPUT_NULL
:
495 return open_null_as(O_RDONLY
, STDIN_FILENO
);
498 case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE
:
499 case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL
: {
502 fd
= acquire_terminal(exec_context_tty_path(context
),
503 i
== EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL
? ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_TRY
:
504 i
== EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE
? ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_FORCE
:
505 ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_WAIT
,
510 r
= terminal_set_size_fd(fd
, exec_context_tty_path(context
), context
->tty_rows
, context
->tty_cols
);
514 return move_fd(fd
, STDIN_FILENO
, false);
517 case EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET
:
518 assert(socket_fd
>= 0);
520 return RET_NERRNO(dup2(socket_fd
, STDIN_FILENO
));
522 case EXEC_INPUT_NAMED_FD
:
523 assert(named_iofds
[STDIN_FILENO
] >= 0);
525 (void) fd_nonblock(named_iofds
[STDIN_FILENO
], false);
526 return RET_NERRNO(dup2(named_iofds
[STDIN_FILENO
], STDIN_FILENO
));
528 case EXEC_INPUT_DATA
: {
531 fd
= acquire_data_fd(context
->stdin_data
, context
->stdin_data_size
, 0);
535 return move_fd(fd
, STDIN_FILENO
, false);
538 case EXEC_INPUT_FILE
: {
542 assert(context
->stdio_file
[STDIN_FILENO
]);
544 rw
= (context
->std_output
== EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE
&& streq_ptr(context
->stdio_file
[STDIN_FILENO
], context
->stdio_file
[STDOUT_FILENO
])) ||
545 (context
->std_error
== EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE
&& streq_ptr(context
->stdio_file
[STDIN_FILENO
], context
->stdio_file
[STDERR_FILENO
]));
547 fd
= acquire_path(context
->stdio_file
[STDIN_FILENO
], rw
? O_RDWR
: O_RDONLY
, 0666 & ~context
->umask
);
551 return move_fd(fd
, STDIN_FILENO
, false);
555 assert_not_reached();
559 static bool can_inherit_stderr_from_stdout(
560 const ExecContext
*context
,
566 /* Returns true, if given the specified STDERR and STDOUT output we can directly dup() the stdout fd to the
569 if (e
== EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT
)
574 if (e
== EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD
)
575 return streq_ptr(context
->stdio_fdname
[STDOUT_FILENO
], context
->stdio_fdname
[STDERR_FILENO
]);
577 if (IN_SET(e
, EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE
, EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_APPEND
, EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_TRUNCATE
))
578 return streq_ptr(context
->stdio_file
[STDOUT_FILENO
], context
->stdio_file
[STDERR_FILENO
]);
583 static int setup_output(
585 const ExecContext
*context
,
586 const ExecParameters
*params
,
589 const int named_iofds
[static 3],
593 dev_t
*journal_stream_dev
,
594 ino_t
*journal_stream_ino
) {
604 assert(journal_stream_dev
);
605 assert(journal_stream_ino
);
607 if (fileno
== STDOUT_FILENO
&& params
->stdout_fd
>= 0) {
609 if (dup2(params
->stdout_fd
, STDOUT_FILENO
) < 0)
612 return STDOUT_FILENO
;
615 if (fileno
== STDERR_FILENO
&& params
->stderr_fd
>= 0) {
616 if (dup2(params
->stderr_fd
, STDERR_FILENO
) < 0)
619 return STDERR_FILENO
;
622 i
= fixup_input(context
, socket_fd
, params
->flags
& EXEC_APPLY_TTY_STDIN
);
623 o
= fixup_output(context
->std_output
, socket_fd
);
625 if (fileno
== STDERR_FILENO
) {
627 e
= fixup_output(context
->std_error
, socket_fd
);
629 /* This expects the input and output are already set up */
631 /* Don't change the stderr file descriptor if we inherit all
632 * the way and are not on a tty */
633 if (e
== EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT
&&
634 o
== EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT
&&
635 i
== EXEC_INPUT_NULL
&&
636 !is_terminal_input(context
->std_input
) &&
640 /* Duplicate from stdout if possible */
641 if (can_inherit_stderr_from_stdout(context
, o
, e
))
642 return RET_NERRNO(dup2(STDOUT_FILENO
, fileno
));
646 } else if (o
== EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT
) {
647 /* If input got downgraded, inherit the original value */
648 if (i
== EXEC_INPUT_NULL
&& is_terminal_input(context
->std_input
))
649 return open_terminal_as(exec_context_tty_path(context
), O_WRONLY
, fileno
);
651 /* If the input is connected to anything that's not a /dev/null or a data fd, inherit that... */
652 if (!IN_SET(i
, EXEC_INPUT_NULL
, EXEC_INPUT_DATA
))
653 return RET_NERRNO(dup2(STDIN_FILENO
, fileno
));
655 /* If we are not started from PID 1 we just inherit STDOUT from our parent process. */
659 /* We need to open /dev/null here anew, to get the right access mode. */
660 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY
, fileno
);
665 case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL
:
666 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY
, fileno
);
668 case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY
:
669 if (is_terminal_input(i
))
670 return RET_NERRNO(dup2(STDIN_FILENO
, fileno
));
672 /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
673 return open_terminal_as(exec_context_tty_path(context
), O_WRONLY
, fileno
);
675 case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG
:
676 case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE
:
677 case EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL
:
678 case EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL_AND_CONSOLE
:
679 r
= connect_logger_as(unit
, context
, params
, o
, ident
, fileno
, uid
, gid
);
681 log_unit_warning_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to connect %s to the journal socket, ignoring: %m",
682 fileno
== STDOUT_FILENO
? "stdout" : "stderr");
683 r
= open_null_as(O_WRONLY
, fileno
);
687 /* If we connected this fd to the journal via a stream, patch the device/inode into the passed
688 * parameters, but only then. This is useful so that we can set $JOURNAL_STREAM that permits
689 * services to detect whether they are connected to the journal or not.
691 * If both stdout and stderr are connected to a stream then let's make sure to store the data
692 * about STDERR as that's usually the best way to do logging. */
694 if (fstat(fileno
, &st
) >= 0 &&
695 (*journal_stream_ino
== 0 || fileno
== STDERR_FILENO
)) {
696 *journal_stream_dev
= st
.st_dev
;
697 *journal_stream_ino
= st
.st_ino
;
702 case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET
:
703 assert(socket_fd
>= 0);
705 return RET_NERRNO(dup2(socket_fd
, fileno
));
707 case EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD
:
708 assert(named_iofds
[fileno
] >= 0);
710 (void) fd_nonblock(named_iofds
[fileno
], false);
711 return RET_NERRNO(dup2(named_iofds
[fileno
], fileno
));
713 case EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE
:
714 case EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_APPEND
:
715 case EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_TRUNCATE
: {
719 assert(context
->stdio_file
[fileno
]);
721 rw
= context
->std_input
== EXEC_INPUT_FILE
&&
722 streq_ptr(context
->stdio_file
[fileno
], context
->stdio_file
[STDIN_FILENO
]);
725 return RET_NERRNO(dup2(STDIN_FILENO
, fileno
));
728 if (o
== EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_APPEND
)
730 else if (o
== EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_TRUNCATE
)
733 fd
= acquire_path(context
->stdio_file
[fileno
], flags
, 0666 & ~context
->umask
);
737 return move_fd(fd
, fileno
, 0);
741 assert_not_reached();
745 static int chown_terminal(int fd
, uid_t uid
) {
750 /* Before we chown/chmod the TTY, let's ensure this is actually a tty */
751 if (isatty(fd
) < 1) {
752 if (IN_SET(errno
, EINVAL
, ENOTTY
))
753 return 0; /* not a tty */
758 /* This might fail. What matters are the results. */
759 r
= fchmod_and_chown(fd
, TTY_MODE
, uid
, GID_INVALID
);
766 static int setup_confirm_stdio(
767 const ExecContext
*context
,
769 int *ret_saved_stdin
,
770 int *ret_saved_stdout
) {
772 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
, saved_stdin
= -EBADF
, saved_stdout
= -EBADF
;
775 assert(ret_saved_stdin
);
776 assert(ret_saved_stdout
);
778 saved_stdin
= fcntl(STDIN_FILENO
, F_DUPFD
, 3);
782 saved_stdout
= fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO
, F_DUPFD
, 3);
783 if (saved_stdout
< 0)
786 fd
= acquire_terminal(vc
, ACQUIRE_TERMINAL_WAIT
, DEFAULT_CONFIRM_USEC
);
790 r
= chown_terminal(fd
, getuid());
794 r
= reset_terminal_fd(fd
, true);
798 r
= terminal_set_size_fd(fd
, vc
, context
->tty_rows
, context
->tty_cols
);
802 r
= rearrange_stdio(fd
, fd
, STDERR_FILENO
); /* Invalidates 'fd' also on failure */
807 *ret_saved_stdin
= TAKE_FD(saved_stdin
);
808 *ret_saved_stdout
= TAKE_FD(saved_stdout
);
812 static void write_confirm_error_fd(int err
, int fd
, const Unit
*u
) {
815 if (err
== -ETIMEDOUT
)
816 dprintf(fd
, "Confirmation question timed out for %s, assuming positive response.\n", u
->id
);
819 dprintf(fd
, "Couldn't ask confirmation for %s: %m, assuming positive response.\n", u
->id
);
823 static void write_confirm_error(int err
, const char *vc
, const Unit
*u
) {
824 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
;
828 fd
= open_terminal(vc
, O_WRONLY
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
832 write_confirm_error_fd(err
, fd
, u
);
835 static int restore_confirm_stdio(int *saved_stdin
, int *saved_stdout
) {
839 assert(saved_stdout
);
843 if (*saved_stdin
>= 0)
844 if (dup2(*saved_stdin
, STDIN_FILENO
) < 0)
847 if (*saved_stdout
>= 0)
848 if (dup2(*saved_stdout
, STDOUT_FILENO
) < 0)
851 *saved_stdin
= safe_close(*saved_stdin
);
852 *saved_stdout
= safe_close(*saved_stdout
);
858 CONFIRM_PRETEND_FAILURE
= -1,
859 CONFIRM_PRETEND_SUCCESS
= 0,
863 static int ask_for_confirmation(const ExecContext
*context
, const char *vc
, Unit
*u
, const char *cmdline
) {
864 int saved_stdout
= -1, saved_stdin
= -1, r
;
865 _cleanup_free_
char *e
= NULL
;
868 /* For any internal errors, assume a positive response. */
869 r
= setup_confirm_stdio(context
, vc
, &saved_stdin
, &saved_stdout
);
871 write_confirm_error(r
, vc
, u
);
872 return CONFIRM_EXECUTE
;
875 /* confirm_spawn might have been disabled while we were sleeping. */
876 if (manager_is_confirm_spawn_disabled(u
->manager
)) {
881 e
= ellipsize(cmdline
, 60, 100);
889 r
= ask_char(&c
, "yfshiDjcn", "Execute %s? [y, f, s – h for help] ", e
);
891 write_confirm_error_fd(r
, STDOUT_FILENO
, u
);
898 printf("Resuming normal execution.\n");
899 manager_disable_confirm_spawn();
903 unit_dump(u
, stdout
, " ");
904 continue; /* ask again */
906 printf("Failing execution.\n");
907 r
= CONFIRM_PRETEND_FAILURE
;
910 printf(" c - continue, proceed without asking anymore\n"
911 " D - dump, show the state of the unit\n"
912 " f - fail, don't execute the command and pretend it failed\n"
914 " i - info, show a short summary of the unit\n"
915 " j - jobs, show jobs that are in progress\n"
916 " s - skip, don't execute the command and pretend it succeeded\n"
917 " y - yes, execute the command\n");
918 continue; /* ask again */
920 printf(" Description: %s\n"
923 u
->id
, u
->description
, cmdline
);
924 continue; /* ask again */
926 manager_dump_jobs(u
->manager
, stdout
, /* patterns= */ NULL
, " ");
927 continue; /* ask again */
929 /* 'n' was removed in favor of 'f'. */
930 printf("Didn't understand 'n', did you mean 'f'?\n");
931 continue; /* ask again */
933 printf("Skipping execution.\n");
934 r
= CONFIRM_PRETEND_SUCCESS
;
940 assert_not_reached();
946 restore_confirm_stdio(&saved_stdin
, &saved_stdout
);
950 static int get_fixed_user(const ExecContext
*c
, const char **user
,
951 uid_t
*uid
, gid_t
*gid
,
952 const char **home
, const char **shell
) {
961 /* Note that we don't set $HOME or $SHELL if they are not particularly enlightening anyway
962 * (i.e. are "/" or "/bin/nologin"). */
965 r
= get_user_creds(&name
, uid
, gid
, home
, shell
, USER_CREDS_CLEAN
);
973 static int get_fixed_group(const ExecContext
*c
, const char **group
, gid_t
*gid
) {
983 r
= get_group_creds(&name
, gid
, 0);
991 static int get_supplementary_groups(const ExecContext
*c
, const char *user
,
992 const char *group
, gid_t gid
,
993 gid_t
**supplementary_gids
, int *ngids
) {
996 bool keep_groups
= false;
997 gid_t
*groups
= NULL
;
998 _cleanup_free_ gid_t
*l_gids
= NULL
;
1003 * If user is given, then lookup GID and supplementary groups list.
1004 * We avoid NSS lookups for gid=0. Also we have to initialize groups
1005 * here and as early as possible so we keep the list of supplementary
1006 * groups of the caller.
1008 if (user
&& gid_is_valid(gid
) && gid
!= 0) {
1009 /* First step, initialize groups from /etc/groups */
1010 if (initgroups(user
, gid
) < 0)
1016 if (strv_isempty(c
->supplementary_groups
))
1020 * If SupplementaryGroups= was passed then NGROUPS_MAX has to
1021 * be positive, otherwise fail.
1024 ngroups_max
= (int) sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX
);
1025 if (ngroups_max
<= 0)
1026 return errno_or_else(EOPNOTSUPP
);
1028 l_gids
= new(gid_t
, ngroups_max
);
1034 * Lookup the list of groups that the user belongs to, we
1035 * avoid NSS lookups here too for gid=0.
1038 if (getgrouplist(user
, gid
, l_gids
, &k
) < 0)
1043 STRV_FOREACH(i
, c
->supplementary_groups
) {
1046 if (k
>= ngroups_max
)
1050 r
= get_group_creds(&g
, l_gids
+k
, 0);
1058 * Sets ngids to zero to drop all supplementary groups, happens
1059 * when we are under root and SupplementaryGroups= is empty.
1066 /* Otherwise get the final list of supplementary groups */
1067 groups
= memdup(l_gids
, sizeof(gid_t
) * k
);
1071 *supplementary_gids
= groups
;
1079 static int enforce_groups(gid_t gid
, const gid_t
*supplementary_gids
, int ngids
) {
1082 /* Handle SupplementaryGroups= if it is not empty */
1084 r
= maybe_setgroups(ngids
, supplementary_gids
);
1089 if (gid_is_valid(gid
)) {
1090 /* Then set our gids */
1091 if (setresgid(gid
, gid
, gid
) < 0)
1098 static int set_securebits(unsigned bits
, unsigned mask
) {
1102 current
= prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS
);
1106 /* Clear all securebits defined in mask and set bits */
1107 applied
= ((unsigned) current
& ~mask
) | bits
;
1108 if ((unsigned) current
== applied
)
1111 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS
, applied
) < 0)
1117 static int enforce_user(const ExecContext
*context
, uid_t uid
) {
1121 if (!uid_is_valid(uid
))
1124 /* Sets (but doesn't look up) the UIS and makes sure we keep the capabilities while doing so. For
1125 * setting secure bits the capability CAP_SETPCAP is required, so we also need keep-caps in this
1128 if ((context
->capability_ambient_set
!= 0 || context
->secure_bits
!= 0) && uid
!= 0) {
1130 /* First step: If we need to keep capabilities but drop privileges we need to make sure we
1131 * keep our caps, while we drop privileges. Add KEEP_CAPS to the securebits */
1132 r
= set_securebits(1U << SECURE_KEEP_CAPS
, 0);
1137 /* Second step: actually set the uids */
1138 if (setresuid(uid
, uid
, uid
) < 0)
1141 /* At this point we should have all necessary capabilities but are otherwise a normal user. However,
1142 * the caps might got corrupted due to the setresuid() so we need clean them up later. This is done
1143 * outside of this call. */
1149 static int null_conv(
1151 const struct pam_message
**msg
,
1152 struct pam_response
**resp
,
1153 void *appdata_ptr
) {
1155 /* We don't support conversations */
1157 return PAM_CONV_ERR
;
1162 static int setup_pam(
1168 char ***env
, /* updated on success */
1169 const int fds
[], size_t n_fds
) {
1173 static const struct pam_conv conv
= {
1178 _cleanup_(barrier_destroy
) Barrier barrier
= BARRIER_NULL
;
1179 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **e
= NULL
;
1180 pam_handle_t
*handle
= NULL
;
1182 int pam_code
= PAM_SUCCESS
, r
;
1183 bool close_session
= false;
1184 pid_t pam_pid
= 0, parent_pid
;
1191 /* We set up PAM in the parent process, then fork. The child
1192 * will then stay around until killed via PR_GET_PDEATHSIG or
1193 * systemd via the cgroup logic. It will then remove the PAM
1194 * session again. The parent process will exec() the actual
1195 * daemon. We do things this way to ensure that the main PID
1196 * of the daemon is the one we initially fork()ed. */
1198 r
= barrier_create(&barrier
);
1202 if (log_get_max_level() < LOG_DEBUG
)
1203 flags
|= PAM_SILENT
;
1205 pam_code
= pam_start(name
, user
, &conv
, &handle
);
1206 if (pam_code
!= PAM_SUCCESS
) {
1212 _cleanup_free_
char *q
= NULL
;
1214 /* Hmm, so no TTY was explicitly passed, but an fd passed to us directly might be a TTY. Let's figure
1215 * out if that's the case, and read the TTY off it. */
1217 if (getttyname_malloc(STDIN_FILENO
, &q
) >= 0)
1218 tty
= strjoina("/dev/", q
);
1222 pam_code
= pam_set_item(handle
, PAM_TTY
, tty
);
1223 if (pam_code
!= PAM_SUCCESS
)
1227 STRV_FOREACH(nv
, *env
) {
1228 pam_code
= pam_putenv(handle
, *nv
);
1229 if (pam_code
!= PAM_SUCCESS
)
1233 pam_code
= pam_acct_mgmt(handle
, flags
);
1234 if (pam_code
!= PAM_SUCCESS
)
1237 pam_code
= pam_setcred(handle
, PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED
| flags
);
1238 if (pam_code
!= PAM_SUCCESS
)
1239 log_debug("pam_setcred() failed, ignoring: %s", pam_strerror(handle
, pam_code
));
1241 pam_code
= pam_open_session(handle
, flags
);
1242 if (pam_code
!= PAM_SUCCESS
)
1245 close_session
= true;
1247 e
= pam_getenvlist(handle
);
1249 pam_code
= PAM_BUF_ERR
;
1253 /* Block SIGTERM, so that we know that it won't get lost in the child */
1255 assert_se(sigprocmask_many(SIG_BLOCK
, &old_ss
, SIGTERM
, -1) >= 0);
1257 parent_pid
= getpid_cached();
1259 r
= safe_fork("(sd-pam)", 0, &pam_pid
);
1263 int sig
, ret
= EXIT_PAM
;
1265 /* The child's job is to reset the PAM session on termination */
1266 barrier_set_role(&barrier
, BARRIER_CHILD
);
1268 /* Make sure we don't keep open the passed fds in this child. We assume that otherwise only
1269 * those fds are open here that have been opened by PAM. */
1270 (void) close_many(fds
, n_fds
);
1272 /* Drop privileges - we don't need any to pam_close_session and this will make
1273 * PR_SET_PDEATHSIG work in most cases. If this fails, ignore the error - but expect sd-pam
1274 * threads to fail to exit normally */
1276 r
= maybe_setgroups(0, NULL
);
1278 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to setgroups() in sd-pam: %m");
1279 if (setresgid(gid
, gid
, gid
) < 0)
1280 log_warning_errno(errno
, "Failed to setresgid() in sd-pam: %m");
1281 if (setresuid(uid
, uid
, uid
) < 0)
1282 log_warning_errno(errno
, "Failed to setresuid() in sd-pam: %m");
1284 (void) ignore_signals(SIGPIPE
);
1286 /* Wait until our parent died. This will only work if the above setresuid() succeeds,
1287 * otherwise the kernel will not allow unprivileged parents kill their privileged children
1288 * this way. We rely on the control groups kill logic to do the rest for us. */
1289 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
, SIGTERM
) < 0)
1292 /* Tell the parent that our setup is done. This is especially important regarding dropping
1293 * privileges. Otherwise, unit setup might race against our setresuid(2) call.
1295 * If the parent aborted, we'll detect this below, hence ignore return failure here. */
1296 (void) barrier_place(&barrier
);
1298 /* Check if our parent process might already have died? */
1299 if (getppid() == parent_pid
) {
1302 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss
) >= 0);
1303 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss
, SIGTERM
) >= 0);
1306 if (sigwait(&ss
, &sig
) < 0) {
1313 assert(sig
== SIGTERM
);
1318 pam_code
= pam_setcred(handle
, PAM_DELETE_CRED
| flags
);
1319 if (pam_code
!= PAM_SUCCESS
)
1322 /* If our parent died we'll end the session */
1323 if (getppid() != parent_pid
) {
1324 pam_code
= pam_close_session(handle
, flags
);
1325 if (pam_code
!= PAM_SUCCESS
)
1332 /* NB: pam_end() when called in child processes should set PAM_DATA_SILENT to let the module
1333 * know about this. See pam_end(3) */
1334 (void) pam_end(handle
, pam_code
| flags
| PAM_DATA_SILENT
);
1338 barrier_set_role(&barrier
, BARRIER_PARENT
);
1340 /* If the child was forked off successfully it will do all the cleanups, so forget about the handle
1344 /* Unblock SIGTERM again in the parent */
1345 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK
, &old_ss
, NULL
) >= 0);
1347 /* We close the log explicitly here, since the PAM modules might have opened it, but we don't want
1348 * this fd around. */
1351 /* Synchronously wait for the child to initialize. We don't care for errors as we cannot
1352 * recover. However, warn loudly if it happens. */
1353 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
))
1354 log_error("PAM initialization failed");
1356 return strv_free_and_replace(*env
, e
);
1359 if (pam_code
!= PAM_SUCCESS
) {
1360 log_error("PAM failed: %s", pam_strerror(handle
, pam_code
));
1361 r
= -EPERM
; /* PAM errors do not map to errno */
1363 log_error_errno(r
, "PAM failed: %m");
1367 pam_code
= pam_close_session(handle
, flags
);
1369 (void) pam_end(handle
, pam_code
| flags
);
1379 static void rename_process_from_path(const char *path
) {
1380 _cleanup_free_
char *buf
= NULL
;
1385 /* This resulting string must fit in 10 chars (i.e. the length of "/sbin/init") to look pretty in
1388 if (path_extract_filename(path
, &buf
) < 0) {
1389 rename_process("(...)");
1393 size_t l
= strlen(buf
);
1395 /* The end of the process name is usually more interesting, since the first bit might just be
1402 char process_name
[11];
1403 process_name
[0] = '(';
1404 memcpy(process_name
+1, p
, l
);
1405 process_name
[1+l
] = ')';
1406 process_name
[1+l
+1] = 0;
1408 rename_process(process_name
);
1411 static bool context_has_address_families(const ExecContext
*c
) {
1414 return c
->address_families_allow_list
||
1415 !set_isempty(c
->address_families
);
1418 static bool context_has_syscall_filters(const ExecContext
*c
) {
1421 return c
->syscall_allow_list
||
1422 !hashmap_isempty(c
->syscall_filter
);
1425 static bool context_has_syscall_logs(const ExecContext
*c
) {
1428 return c
->syscall_log_allow_list
||
1429 !hashmap_isempty(c
->syscall_log
);
1432 static bool context_has_no_new_privileges(const ExecContext
*c
) {
1435 if (c
->no_new_privileges
)
1438 if (have_effective_cap(CAP_SYS_ADMIN
) > 0) /* if we are privileged, we don't need NNP */
1441 /* We need NNP if we have any form of seccomp and are unprivileged */
1442 return c
->lock_personality
||
1443 c
->memory_deny_write_execute
||
1444 c
->private_devices
||
1446 c
->protect_hostname
||
1447 c
->protect_kernel_tunables
||
1448 c
->protect_kernel_modules
||
1449 c
->protect_kernel_logs
||
1450 context_has_address_families(c
) ||
1451 exec_context_restrict_namespaces_set(c
) ||
1452 c
->restrict_realtime
||
1453 c
->restrict_suid_sgid
||
1454 !set_isempty(c
->syscall_archs
) ||
1455 context_has_syscall_filters(c
) ||
1456 context_has_syscall_logs(c
);
1459 static bool exec_context_has_credentials(const ExecContext
*context
) {
1463 return !hashmap_isempty(context
->set_credentials
) ||
1464 !hashmap_isempty(context
->load_credentials
);
1469 static bool skip_seccomp_unavailable(const Unit
* u
, const char* msg
) {
1471 if (is_seccomp_available())
1474 log_unit_debug(u
, "SECCOMP features not detected in the kernel, skipping %s", msg
);
1478 static int apply_syscall_filter(const Unit
* u
, const ExecContext
*c
, bool needs_ambient_hack
) {
1479 uint32_t negative_action
, default_action
, action
;
1485 if (!context_has_syscall_filters(c
))
1488 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "SystemCallFilter="))
1491 negative_action
= c
->syscall_errno
== SECCOMP_ERROR_NUMBER_KILL
? scmp_act_kill_process() : SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(c
->syscall_errno
);
1493 if (c
->syscall_allow_list
) {
1494 default_action
= negative_action
;
1495 action
= SCMP_ACT_ALLOW
;
1497 default_action
= SCMP_ACT_ALLOW
;
1498 action
= negative_action
;
1501 if (needs_ambient_hack
) {
1502 r
= seccomp_filter_set_add(c
->syscall_filter
, c
->syscall_allow_list
, syscall_filter_sets
+ SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_SETUID
);
1507 return seccomp_load_syscall_filter_set_raw(default_action
, c
->syscall_filter
, action
, false);
1510 static int apply_syscall_log(const Unit
* u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1512 uint32_t default_action
, action
;
1518 if (!context_has_syscall_logs(c
))
1522 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "SystemCallLog="))
1525 if (c
->syscall_log_allow_list
) {
1526 /* Log nothing but the ones listed */
1527 default_action
= SCMP_ACT_ALLOW
;
1528 action
= SCMP_ACT_LOG
;
1530 /* Log everything but the ones listed */
1531 default_action
= SCMP_ACT_LOG
;
1532 action
= SCMP_ACT_ALLOW
;
1535 return seccomp_load_syscall_filter_set_raw(default_action
, c
->syscall_log
, action
, false);
1537 /* old libseccomp */
1538 log_unit_debug(u
, "SECCOMP feature SCMP_ACT_LOG not available, skipping SystemCallLog=");
1543 static int apply_syscall_archs(const Unit
*u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1547 if (set_isempty(c
->syscall_archs
))
1550 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "SystemCallArchitectures="))
1553 return seccomp_restrict_archs(c
->syscall_archs
);
1556 static int apply_address_families(const Unit
* u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1560 if (!context_has_address_families(c
))
1563 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "RestrictAddressFamilies="))
1566 return seccomp_restrict_address_families(c
->address_families
, c
->address_families_allow_list
);
1569 static int apply_memory_deny_write_execute(const Unit
* u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1573 if (!c
->memory_deny_write_execute
)
1576 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "MemoryDenyWriteExecute="))
1579 return seccomp_memory_deny_write_execute();
1582 static int apply_restrict_realtime(const Unit
* u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1586 if (!c
->restrict_realtime
)
1589 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "RestrictRealtime="))
1592 return seccomp_restrict_realtime();
1595 static int apply_restrict_suid_sgid(const Unit
* u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1599 if (!c
->restrict_suid_sgid
)
1602 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "RestrictSUIDSGID="))
1605 return seccomp_restrict_suid_sgid();
1608 static int apply_protect_sysctl(const Unit
*u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1612 /* Turn off the legacy sysctl() system call. Many distributions turn this off while building the kernel, but
1613 * let's protect even those systems where this is left on in the kernel. */
1615 if (!c
->protect_kernel_tunables
)
1618 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "ProtectKernelTunables="))
1621 return seccomp_protect_sysctl();
1624 static int apply_protect_kernel_modules(const Unit
*u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1628 /* Turn off module syscalls on ProtectKernelModules=yes */
1630 if (!c
->protect_kernel_modules
)
1633 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "ProtectKernelModules="))
1636 return seccomp_load_syscall_filter_set(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW
, syscall_filter_sets
+ SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_MODULE
, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EPERM
), false);
1639 static int apply_protect_kernel_logs(const Unit
*u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1643 if (!c
->protect_kernel_logs
)
1646 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "ProtectKernelLogs="))
1649 return seccomp_protect_syslog();
1652 static int apply_protect_clock(const Unit
*u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1656 if (!c
->protect_clock
)
1659 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "ProtectClock="))
1662 return seccomp_load_syscall_filter_set(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW
, syscall_filter_sets
+ SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_CLOCK
, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EPERM
), false);
1665 static int apply_private_devices(const Unit
*u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1669 /* If PrivateDevices= is set, also turn off iopl and all @raw-io syscalls. */
1671 if (!c
->private_devices
)
1674 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "PrivateDevices="))
1677 return seccomp_load_syscall_filter_set(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW
, syscall_filter_sets
+ SYSCALL_FILTER_SET_RAW_IO
, SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EPERM
), false);
1680 static int apply_restrict_namespaces(const Unit
*u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1684 if (!exec_context_restrict_namespaces_set(c
))
1687 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "RestrictNamespaces="))
1690 return seccomp_restrict_namespaces(c
->restrict_namespaces
);
1693 static int apply_lock_personality(const Unit
* u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1694 unsigned long personality
;
1700 if (!c
->lock_personality
)
1703 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "LockPersonality="))
1706 personality
= c
->personality
;
1708 /* If personality is not specified, use either PER_LINUX or PER_LINUX32 depending on what is currently set. */
1709 if (personality
== PERSONALITY_INVALID
) {
1711 r
= opinionated_personality(&personality
);
1716 return seccomp_lock_personality(personality
);
1722 static int apply_restrict_filesystems(Unit
*u
, const ExecContext
*c
) {
1726 if (!exec_context_restrict_filesystems_set(c
))
1729 if (!u
->manager
->restrict_fs
) {
1730 /* LSM BPF is unsupported or lsm_bpf_setup failed */
1731 log_unit_debug(u
, "LSM BPF not supported, skipping RestrictFileSystems=");
1735 return lsm_bpf_unit_restrict_filesystems(u
, c
->restrict_filesystems
, c
->restrict_filesystems_allow_list
);
1739 static int apply_protect_hostname(const Unit
*u
, const ExecContext
*c
, int *ret_exit_status
) {
1743 if (!c
->protect_hostname
)
1746 if (ns_type_supported(NAMESPACE_UTS
)) {
1747 if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUTS
) < 0) {
1748 if (!ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(errno
) && !ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(errno
)) {
1749 *ret_exit_status
= EXIT_NAMESPACE
;
1750 return log_unit_error_errno(u
, errno
, "Failed to set up UTS namespacing: %m");
1753 log_unit_warning(u
, "ProtectHostname=yes is configured, but UTS namespace setup is prohibited (container manager?), ignoring namespace setup.");
1756 log_unit_warning(u
, "ProtectHostname=yes is configured, but the kernel does not support UTS namespaces, ignoring namespace setup.");
1761 if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u
, "ProtectHostname="))
1764 r
= seccomp_protect_hostname();
1766 *ret_exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
1767 return log_unit_error_errno(u
, r
, "Failed to apply hostname restrictions: %m");
1774 static void do_idle_pipe_dance(int idle_pipe
[static 4]) {
1777 idle_pipe
[1] = safe_close(idle_pipe
[1]);
1778 idle_pipe
[2] = safe_close(idle_pipe
[2]);
1780 if (idle_pipe
[0] >= 0) {
1783 r
= fd_wait_for_event(idle_pipe
[0], POLLHUP
, IDLE_TIMEOUT_USEC
);
1785 if (idle_pipe
[3] >= 0 && r
== 0 /* timeout */) {
1788 /* Signal systemd that we are bored and want to continue. */
1789 n
= write(idle_pipe
[3], "x", 1);
1791 /* Wait for systemd to react to the signal above. */
1792 (void) fd_wait_for_event(idle_pipe
[0], POLLHUP
, IDLE_TIMEOUT2_USEC
);
1795 idle_pipe
[0] = safe_close(idle_pipe
[0]);
1799 idle_pipe
[3] = safe_close(idle_pipe
[3]);
1802 static const char *exec_directory_env_name_to_string(ExecDirectoryType t
);
1804 static int build_environment(
1806 const ExecContext
*c
,
1807 const ExecParameters
*p
,
1811 const char *username
,
1813 dev_t journal_stream_dev
,
1814 ino_t journal_stream_ino
,
1817 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **our_env
= NULL
;
1826 #define N_ENV_VARS 17
1827 our_env
= new0(char*, N_ENV_VARS
+ _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
);
1832 _cleanup_free_
char *joined
= NULL
;
1834 if (asprintf(&x
, "LISTEN_PID="PID_FMT
, getpid_cached()) < 0)
1836 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1838 if (asprintf(&x
, "LISTEN_FDS=%zu", n_fds
) < 0)
1840 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1842 joined
= strv_join(fdnames
, ":");
1846 x
= strjoin("LISTEN_FDNAMES=", joined
);
1849 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1852 if ((p
->flags
& EXEC_SET_WATCHDOG
) && p
->watchdog_usec
> 0) {
1853 if (asprintf(&x
, "WATCHDOG_PID="PID_FMT
, getpid_cached()) < 0)
1855 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1857 if (asprintf(&x
, "WATCHDOG_USEC="USEC_FMT
, p
->watchdog_usec
) < 0)
1859 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1862 /* If this is D-Bus, tell the nss-systemd module, since it relies on being able to use blocking
1863 * Varlink calls back to us for look up dynamic users in PID 1. Break the deadlock between D-Bus and
1864 * PID 1 by disabling use of PID1' NSS interface for looking up dynamic users. */
1865 if (p
->flags
& EXEC_NSS_DYNAMIC_BYPASS
) {
1866 x
= strdup("SYSTEMD_NSS_DYNAMIC_BYPASS=1");
1869 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1873 x
= strjoin("HOME=", home
);
1877 path_simplify(x
+ 5);
1878 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1882 x
= strjoin("LOGNAME=", username
);
1885 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1887 x
= strjoin("USER=", username
);
1890 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1894 x
= strjoin("SHELL=", shell
);
1898 path_simplify(x
+ 6);
1899 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1902 if (!sd_id128_is_null(u
->invocation_id
)) {
1903 if (asprintf(&x
, "INVOCATION_ID=" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR
, SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(u
->invocation_id
)) < 0)
1906 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1909 if (exec_context_needs_term(c
)) {
1910 const char *tty_path
, *term
= NULL
;
1912 tty_path
= exec_context_tty_path(c
);
1914 /* If we are forked off PID 1 and we are supposed to operate on /dev/console, then let's try
1915 * to inherit the $TERM set for PID 1. This is useful for containers so that the $TERM the
1916 * container manager passes to PID 1 ends up all the way in the console login shown. */
1918 if (path_equal_ptr(tty_path
, "/dev/console") && getppid() == 1)
1919 term
= getenv("TERM");
1922 term
= default_term_for_tty(tty_path
);
1924 x
= strjoin("TERM=", term
);
1927 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1930 if (journal_stream_dev
!= 0 && journal_stream_ino
!= 0) {
1931 if (asprintf(&x
, "JOURNAL_STREAM=" DEV_FMT
":" INO_FMT
, journal_stream_dev
, journal_stream_ino
) < 0)
1934 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1937 if (c
->log_namespace
) {
1938 x
= strjoin("LOG_NAMESPACE=", c
->log_namespace
);
1942 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1945 for (ExecDirectoryType t
= 0; t
< _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
; t
++) {
1946 _cleanup_free_
char *joined
= NULL
;
1952 if (c
->directories
[t
].n_items
== 0)
1955 n
= exec_directory_env_name_to_string(t
);
1959 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< c
->directories
[t
].n_items
; i
++) {
1960 _cleanup_free_
char *prefixed
= NULL
;
1962 prefixed
= path_join(p
->prefix
[t
], c
->directories
[t
].items
[i
].path
);
1966 if (!strextend_with_separator(&joined
, ":", prefixed
))
1970 x
= strjoin(n
, "=", joined
);
1974 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1977 if (exec_context_has_credentials(c
) && p
->prefix
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
]) {
1978 x
= strjoin("CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY=", p
->prefix
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
], "/credentials/", u
->id
);
1982 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1985 if (asprintf(&x
, "SYSTEMD_EXEC_PID=" PID_FMT
, getpid_cached()) < 0)
1988 our_env
[n_env
++] = x
;
1990 our_env
[n_env
++] = NULL
;
1991 assert(n_env
<= N_ENV_VARS
+ _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
);
1994 *ret
= TAKE_PTR(our_env
);
1999 static int build_pass_environment(const ExecContext
*c
, char ***ret
) {
2000 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **pass_env
= NULL
;
2003 STRV_FOREACH(i
, c
->pass_environment
) {
2004 _cleanup_free_
char *x
= NULL
;
2010 x
= strjoin(*i
, "=", v
);
2014 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(pass_env
, n_env
+ 2))
2017 pass_env
[n_env
++] = TAKE_PTR(x
);
2018 pass_env
[n_env
] = NULL
;
2021 *ret
= TAKE_PTR(pass_env
);
2026 bool exec_needs_network_namespace(const ExecContext
*context
) {
2029 return context
->private_network
|| context
->network_namespace_path
;
2032 static bool exec_needs_ipc_namespace(const ExecContext
*context
) {
2035 return context
->private_ipc
|| context
->ipc_namespace_path
;
2038 bool exec_needs_mount_namespace(
2039 const ExecContext
*context
,
2040 const ExecParameters
*params
,
2041 const ExecRuntime
*runtime
) {
2045 if (context
->root_image
)
2048 if (!strv_isempty(context
->read_write_paths
) ||
2049 !strv_isempty(context
->read_only_paths
) ||
2050 !strv_isempty(context
->inaccessible_paths
) ||
2051 !strv_isempty(context
->exec_paths
) ||
2052 !strv_isempty(context
->no_exec_paths
))
2055 if (context
->n_bind_mounts
> 0)
2058 if (context
->n_temporary_filesystems
> 0)
2061 if (context
->n_mount_images
> 0)
2064 if (context
->n_extension_images
> 0)
2067 if (!strv_isempty(context
->extension_directories
))
2070 if (!IN_SET(context
->mount_flags
, 0, MS_SHARED
))
2073 if (context
->private_tmp
&& runtime
&& (runtime
->tmp_dir
|| runtime
->var_tmp_dir
))
2076 if (context
->private_devices
||
2077 context
->private_mounts
> 0 ||
2078 context
->protect_system
!= PROTECT_SYSTEM_NO
||
2079 context
->protect_home
!= PROTECT_HOME_NO
||
2080 context
->protect_kernel_tunables
||
2081 context
->protect_kernel_modules
||
2082 context
->protect_kernel_logs
||
2083 context
->protect_control_groups
||
2084 context
->protect_proc
!= PROTECT_PROC_DEFAULT
||
2085 context
->proc_subset
!= PROC_SUBSET_ALL
||
2086 exec_needs_ipc_namespace(context
))
2089 if (context
->root_directory
) {
2090 if (exec_context_get_effective_mount_apivfs(context
))
2093 for (ExecDirectoryType t
= 0; t
< _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
; t
++) {
2094 if (params
&& !params
->prefix
[t
])
2097 if (context
->directories
[t
].n_items
> 0)
2102 if (context
->dynamic_user
&&
2103 (context
->directories
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_STATE
].n_items
> 0 ||
2104 context
->directories
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_CACHE
].n_items
> 0 ||
2105 context
->directories
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_LOGS
].n_items
> 0))
2108 if (context
->log_namespace
)
2114 static int setup_private_users(uid_t ouid
, gid_t ogid
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
2115 _cleanup_free_
char *uid_map
= NULL
, *gid_map
= NULL
;
2116 _cleanup_close_pair_
int errno_pipe
[2] = PIPE_EBADF
;
2117 _cleanup_close_
int unshare_ready_fd
= -EBADF
;
2118 _cleanup_(sigkill_waitp
) pid_t pid
= 0;
2123 /* Set up a user namespace and map the original UID/GID (IDs from before any user or group changes, i.e.
2124 * the IDs from the user or system manager(s)) to itself, the selected UID/GID to itself, and everything else to
2125 * nobody. In order to be able to write this mapping we need CAP_SETUID in the original user namespace, which
2126 * we however lack after opening the user namespace. To work around this we fork() a temporary child process,
2127 * which waits for the parent to create the new user namespace while staying in the original namespace. The
2128 * child then writes the UID mapping, under full privileges. The parent waits for the child to finish and
2129 * continues execution normally.
2130 * For unprivileged users (i.e. without capabilities), the root to root mapping is excluded. As such, it
2131 * does not need CAP_SETUID to write the single line mapping to itself. */
2133 /* Can only set up multiple mappings with CAP_SETUID. */
2134 if (have_effective_cap(CAP_SETUID
) > 0 && uid
!= ouid
&& uid_is_valid(uid
))
2135 r
= asprintf(&uid_map
,
2136 UID_FMT
" " UID_FMT
" 1\n" /* Map $OUID → $OUID */
2137 UID_FMT
" " UID_FMT
" 1\n", /* Map $UID → $UID */
2138 ouid
, ouid
, uid
, uid
);
2140 r
= asprintf(&uid_map
,
2141 UID_FMT
" " UID_FMT
" 1\n", /* Map $OUID → $OUID */
2147 /* Can only set up multiple mappings with CAP_SETGID. */
2148 if (have_effective_cap(CAP_SETGID
) > 0 && gid
!= ogid
&& gid_is_valid(gid
))
2149 r
= asprintf(&gid_map
,
2150 GID_FMT
" " GID_FMT
" 1\n" /* Map $OGID → $OGID */
2151 GID_FMT
" " GID_FMT
" 1\n", /* Map $GID → $GID */
2152 ogid
, ogid
, gid
, gid
);
2154 r
= asprintf(&gid_map
,
2155 GID_FMT
" " GID_FMT
" 1\n", /* Map $OGID -> $OGID */
2161 /* Create a communication channel so that the parent can tell the child when it finished creating the user
2163 unshare_ready_fd
= eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC
);
2164 if (unshare_ready_fd
< 0)
2167 /* Create a communication channel so that the child can tell the parent a proper error code in case it
2169 if (pipe2(errno_pipe
, O_CLOEXEC
) < 0)
2172 r
= safe_fork("(sd-userns)", FORK_RESET_SIGNALS
|FORK_DEATHSIG
, &pid
);
2176 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
;
2180 /* Child process, running in the original user namespace. Let's update the parent's UID/GID map from
2181 * here, after the parent opened its own user namespace. */
2184 errno_pipe
[0] = safe_close(errno_pipe
[0]);
2186 /* Wait until the parent unshared the user namespace */
2187 if (read(unshare_ready_fd
, &c
, sizeof(c
)) < 0) {
2192 /* Disable the setgroups() system call in the child user namespace, for good. */
2193 a
= procfs_file_alloca(ppid
, "setgroups");
2194 fd
= open(a
, O_WRONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
2196 if (errno
!= ENOENT
) {
2201 /* If the file is missing the kernel is too old, let's continue anyway. */
2203 if (write(fd
, "deny\n", 5) < 0) {
2208 fd
= safe_close(fd
);
2211 /* First write the GID map */
2212 a
= procfs_file_alloca(ppid
, "gid_map");
2213 fd
= open(a
, O_WRONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
2218 if (write(fd
, gid_map
, strlen(gid_map
)) < 0) {
2222 fd
= safe_close(fd
);
2224 /* The write the UID map */
2225 a
= procfs_file_alloca(ppid
, "uid_map");
2226 fd
= open(a
, O_WRONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
2231 if (write(fd
, uid_map
, strlen(uid_map
)) < 0) {
2236 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS
);
2239 (void) write(errno_pipe
[1], &r
, sizeof(r
));
2240 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
2243 errno_pipe
[1] = safe_close(errno_pipe
[1]);
2245 if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER
) < 0)
2248 /* Let the child know that the namespace is ready now */
2249 if (write(unshare_ready_fd
, &c
, sizeof(c
)) < 0)
2252 /* Try to read an error code from the child */
2253 n
= read(errno_pipe
[0], &r
, sizeof(r
));
2256 if (n
== sizeof(r
)) { /* an error code was sent to us */
2261 if (n
!= 0) /* on success we should have read 0 bytes */
2264 r
= wait_for_terminate_and_check("(sd-userns)", TAKE_PID(pid
), 0);
2267 if (r
!= EXIT_SUCCESS
) /* If something strange happened with the child, let's consider this fatal, too */
2273 static bool exec_directory_is_private(const ExecContext
*context
, ExecDirectoryType type
) {
2274 if (!context
->dynamic_user
)
2277 if (type
== EXEC_DIRECTORY_CONFIGURATION
)
2280 if (type
== EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
&& context
->runtime_directory_preserve_mode
== EXEC_PRESERVE_NO
)
2286 static int create_many_symlinks(const char *root
, const char *source
, char **symlinks
) {
2287 _cleanup_free_
char *src_abs
= NULL
;
2292 src_abs
= path_join(root
, source
);
2296 STRV_FOREACH(dst
, symlinks
) {
2297 _cleanup_free_
char *dst_abs
= NULL
;
2299 dst_abs
= path_join(root
, *dst
);
2303 r
= mkdir_parents_label(dst_abs
, 0755);
2307 r
= symlink_idempotent(src_abs
, dst_abs
, true);
2315 static int setup_exec_directory(
2316 const ExecContext
*context
,
2317 const ExecParameters
*params
,
2320 ExecDirectoryType type
,
2321 bool needs_mount_namespace
,
2324 static const int exit_status_table
[_EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
] = {
2325 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
] = EXIT_RUNTIME_DIRECTORY
,
2326 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_STATE
] = EXIT_STATE_DIRECTORY
,
2327 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_CACHE
] = EXIT_CACHE_DIRECTORY
,
2328 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_LOGS
] = EXIT_LOGS_DIRECTORY
,
2329 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_CONFIGURATION
] = EXIT_CONFIGURATION_DIRECTORY
,
2335 assert(type
>= 0 && type
< _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
);
2336 assert(exit_status
);
2338 if (!params
->prefix
[type
])
2341 if (params
->flags
& EXEC_CHOWN_DIRECTORIES
) {
2342 if (!uid_is_valid(uid
))
2344 if (!gid_is_valid(gid
))
2348 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< context
->directories
[type
].n_items
; i
++) {
2349 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
, *pp
= NULL
;
2351 p
= path_join(params
->prefix
[type
], context
->directories
[type
].items
[i
].path
);
2357 r
= mkdir_parents_label(p
, 0755);
2361 if (exec_directory_is_private(context
, type
)) {
2362 /* So, here's one extra complication when dealing with DynamicUser=1 units. In that
2363 * case we want to avoid leaving a directory around fully accessible that is owned by
2364 * a dynamic user whose UID is later on reused. To lock this down we use the same
2365 * trick used by container managers to prohibit host users to get access to files of
2366 * the same UID in containers: we place everything inside a directory that has an
2367 * access mode of 0700 and is owned root:root, so that it acts as security boundary
2368 * for unprivileged host code. We then use fs namespacing to make this directory
2369 * permeable for the service itself.
2371 * Specifically: for a service which wants a special directory "foo/" we first create
2372 * a directory "private/" with access mode 0700 owned by root:root. Then we place
2373 * "foo" inside of that directory (i.e. "private/foo/"), and make "foo" a symlink to
2374 * "private/foo". This way, privileged host users can access "foo/" as usual, but
2375 * unprivileged host users can't look into it. Inside of the namespace of the unit
2376 * "private/" is replaced by a more liberally accessible tmpfs, into which the host's
2377 * "private/foo/" is mounted under the same name, thus disabling the access boundary
2378 * for the service and making sure it only gets access to the dirs it needs but no
2379 * others. Tricky? Yes, absolutely, but it works!
2381 * Note that we don't do this for EXEC_DIRECTORY_CONFIGURATION as that's assumed not
2382 * to be owned by the service itself.
2384 * Also, note that we don't do this for EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME as that's often used
2385 * for sharing files or sockets with other services. */
2387 pp
= path_join(params
->prefix
[type
], "private");
2393 /* First set up private root if it doesn't exist yet, with access mode 0700 and owned by root:root */
2394 r
= mkdir_safe_label(pp
, 0700, 0, 0, MKDIR_WARN_MODE
);
2398 if (!path_extend(&pp
, context
->directories
[type
].items
[i
].path
)) {
2403 /* Create all directories between the configured directory and this private root, and mark them 0755 */
2404 r
= mkdir_parents_label(pp
, 0755);
2408 if (is_dir(p
, false) > 0 &&
2409 (laccess(pp
, F_OK
) < 0 && errno
== ENOENT
)) {
2411 /* Hmm, the private directory doesn't exist yet, but the normal one exists? If so, move
2412 * it over. Most likely the service has been upgraded from one that didn't use
2413 * DynamicUser=1, to one that does. */
2415 log_info("Found pre-existing public %s= directory %s, migrating to %s.\n"
2416 "Apparently, service previously had DynamicUser= turned off, and has now turned it on.",
2417 exec_directory_type_to_string(type
), p
, pp
);
2419 if (rename(p
, pp
) < 0) {
2424 /* Otherwise, create the actual directory for the service */
2426 r
= mkdir_label(pp
, context
->directories
[type
].mode
);
2427 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -EEXIST
)
2431 if (!context
->directories
[type
].items
[i
].only_create
) {
2432 /* And link it up from the original place.
2434 * 1) If a mount namespace is going to be used, then this symlink remains on
2435 * the host, and a new one for the child namespace will be created later.
2436 * 2) It is not necessary to create this symlink when one of its parent
2437 * directories is specified and already created. E.g.
2438 * StateDirectory=foo foo/bar
2439 * In that case, the inode points to pp and p for "foo/bar" are the same:
2440 * pp = "/var/lib/private/foo/bar"
2441 * p = "/var/lib/foo/bar"
2442 * and, /var/lib/foo is a symlink to /var/lib/private/foo. So, not only
2443 * we do not need to create the symlink, but we cannot create the symlink.
2444 * See issue #24783. */
2445 r
= symlink_idempotent(pp
, p
, true);
2451 _cleanup_free_
char *target
= NULL
;
2453 if (type
!= EXEC_DIRECTORY_CONFIGURATION
&&
2454 readlink_and_make_absolute(p
, &target
) >= 0) {
2455 _cleanup_free_
char *q
= NULL
, *q_resolved
= NULL
, *target_resolved
= NULL
;
2457 /* This already exists and is a symlink? Interesting. Maybe it's one created
2458 * by DynamicUser=1 (see above)?
2460 * We do this for all directory types except for ConfigurationDirectory=,
2461 * since they all support the private/ symlink logic at least in some
2462 * configurations, see above. */
2464 r
= chase_symlinks(target
, NULL
, 0, &target_resolved
, NULL
);
2468 q
= path_join(params
->prefix
[type
], "private", context
->directories
[type
].items
[i
].path
);
2474 /* /var/lib or friends may be symlinks. So, let's chase them also. */
2475 r
= chase_symlinks(q
, NULL
, CHASE_NONEXISTENT
, &q_resolved
, NULL
);
2479 if (path_equal(q_resolved
, target_resolved
)) {
2481 /* Hmm, apparently DynamicUser= was once turned on for this service,
2482 * but is no longer. Let's move the directory back up. */
2484 log_info("Found pre-existing private %s= directory %s, migrating to %s.\n"
2485 "Apparently, service previously had DynamicUser= turned on, and has now turned it off.",
2486 exec_directory_type_to_string(type
), q
, p
);
2488 if (unlink(p
) < 0) {
2493 if (rename(q
, p
) < 0) {
2500 r
= mkdir_label(p
, context
->directories
[type
].mode
);
2505 if (type
== EXEC_DIRECTORY_CONFIGURATION
) {
2508 /* Don't change the owner/access mode of the configuration directory,
2509 * as in the common case it is not written to by a service, and shall
2510 * not be writable. */
2512 if (stat(p
, &st
) < 0) {
2517 /* Still complain if the access mode doesn't match */
2518 if (((st
.st_mode
^ context
->directories
[type
].mode
) & 07777) != 0)
2519 log_warning("%s \'%s\' already exists but the mode is different. "
2520 "(File system: %o %sMode: %o)",
2521 exec_directory_type_to_string(type
), context
->directories
[type
].items
[i
].path
,
2522 st
.st_mode
& 07777, exec_directory_type_to_string(type
), context
->directories
[type
].mode
& 07777);
2529 /* Lock down the access mode (we use chmod_and_chown() to make this idempotent. We don't
2530 * specify UID/GID here, so that path_chown_recursive() can optimize things depending on the
2531 * current UID/GID ownership.) */
2532 r
= chmod_and_chown(pp
?: p
, context
->directories
[type
].mode
, UID_INVALID
, GID_INVALID
);
2536 /* Then, change the ownership of the whole tree, if necessary. When dynamic users are used we
2537 * drop the suid/sgid bits, since we really don't want SUID/SGID files for dynamic UID/GID
2538 * assignments to exist. */
2539 r
= path_chown_recursive(pp
?: p
, uid
, gid
, context
->dynamic_user
? 01777 : 07777);
2544 /* If we are not going to run in a namespace, set up the symlinks - otherwise
2545 * they are set up later, to allow configuring empty var/run/etc. */
2546 if (!needs_mount_namespace
)
2547 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< context
->directories
[type
].n_items
; i
++) {
2548 r
= create_many_symlinks(params
->prefix
[type
],
2549 context
->directories
[type
].items
[i
].path
,
2550 context
->directories
[type
].items
[i
].symlinks
);
2558 *exit_status
= exit_status_table
[type
];
2562 static int write_credential(
2568 bool ownership_ok
) {
2570 _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep
) char *tmp
= NULL
;
2571 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
;
2574 r
= tempfn_random_child("", "cred", &tmp
);
2578 fd
= openat(dfd
, tmp
, O_CREAT
|O_RDWR
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_EXCL
|O_NOFOLLOW
|O_NOCTTY
, 0600);
2584 r
= loop_write(fd
, data
, size
, /* do_poll = */ false);
2588 if (fchmod(fd
, 0400) < 0) /* Take away "w" bit */
2591 if (uid_is_valid(uid
) && uid
!= getuid()) {
2592 r
= fd_add_uid_acl_permission(fd
, uid
, ACL_READ
);
2594 if (!ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(r
) && !ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(r
))
2597 if (!ownership_ok
) /* Ideally we use ACLs, since we can neatly express what we want
2598 * to express: that the user gets read access and nothing
2599 * else. But if the backing fs can't support that (e.g. ramfs)
2600 * then we can use file ownership instead. But that's only safe if
2601 * we can then re-mount the whole thing read-only, so that the
2602 * user can no longer chmod() the file to gain write access. */
2605 if (fchown(fd
, uid
, GID_INVALID
) < 0)
2610 if (renameat(dfd
, tmp
, dfd
, id
) < 0)
2617 static char **credential_search_path(
2618 const ExecParameters
*params
,
2621 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **l
= NULL
;
2625 /* Assemble a search path to find credentials in. We'll look in /etc/credstore/ (and similar
2626 * directories in /usr/lib/ + /run/) for all types of credentials. If we are looking for encrypted
2627 * credentials, also look in /etc/credstore.encrypted/ (and similar dirs). */
2630 if (strv_extend(&l
, params
->received_encrypted_credentials_directory
) < 0)
2633 if (strv_extend_strv(&l
, CONF_PATHS_STRV("credstore.encrypted"), /* filter_duplicates= */ true) < 0)
2637 if (params
->received_credentials_directory
)
2638 if (strv_extend(&l
, params
->received_credentials_directory
) < 0)
2641 if (strv_extend_strv(&l
, CONF_PATHS_STRV("credstore"), /* filter_duplicates= */ true) < 0)
2644 if (DEBUG_LOGGING
) {
2645 _cleanup_free_
char *t
= strv_join(l
, ":");
2647 log_debug("Credential search path is: %s", t
);
2653 static int load_credential(
2654 const ExecContext
*context
,
2655 const ExecParameters
*params
,
2666 ReadFullFileFlags flags
= READ_FULL_FILE_SECURE
|READ_FULL_FILE_FAIL_WHEN_LARGER
;
2667 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **search_path
= NULL
;
2668 _cleanup_(erase_and_freep
) char *data
= NULL
;
2669 _cleanup_free_
char *bindname
= NULL
;
2670 const char *source
= NULL
;
2671 bool missing_ok
= true;
2672 size_t size
, add
, maxsz
;
2680 assert(read_dfd
>= 0 || read_dfd
== AT_FDCWD
);
2681 assert(write_dfd
>= 0);
2684 if (read_dfd
>= 0) {
2685 /* If a directory fd is specified, then read the file directly from that dir. In this case we
2686 * won't do AF_UNIX stuff (we simply don't want to recursively iterate down a tree of AF_UNIX
2687 * IPC sockets). It's OK if a file vanishes here in the time we enumerate it and intend to
2690 if (!filename_is_valid(path
)) /* safety check */
2696 } else if (path_is_absolute(path
)) {
2697 /* If this is an absolute path, read the data directly from it, and support AF_UNIX
2700 if (!path_is_valid(path
)) /* safety check */
2703 flags
|= READ_FULL_FILE_CONNECT_SOCKET
;
2705 /* Pass some minimal info about the unit and the credential name we are looking to acquire
2706 * via the source socket address in case we read off an AF_UNIX socket. */
2707 if (asprintf(&bindname
, "@%" PRIx64
"/unit/%s/%s", random_u64(), unit
, id
) < 0)
2713 } else if (credential_name_valid(path
)) {
2714 /* If this is a relative path, take it as credential name relative to the credentials
2715 * directory we received ourselves. We don't support the AF_UNIX stuff in this mode, since we
2716 * are operating on a credential store, i.e. this is guaranteed to be regular files. */
2718 search_path
= credential_search_path(params
, encrypted
);
2727 flags
|= READ_FULL_FILE_UNBASE64
;
2729 maxsz
= encrypted
? CREDENTIAL_ENCRYPTED_SIZE_MAX
: CREDENTIAL_SIZE_MAX
;
2732 STRV_FOREACH(d
, search_path
) {
2733 _cleanup_free_
char *j
= NULL
;
2735 j
= path_join(*d
, path
);
2739 r
= read_full_file_full(
2740 AT_FDCWD
, j
, /* path is absolute, hence pass AT_FDCWD as nop dir fd here */
2750 r
= read_full_file_full(
2760 if (r
== -ENOENT
&& (missing_ok
|| hashmap_contains(context
->set_credentials
, id
))) {
2761 /* Make a missing inherited credential non-fatal, let's just continue. After all apps
2762 * will get clear errors if we don't pass such a missing credential on as they
2763 * themselves will get ENOENT when trying to read them, which should not be much
2764 * worse than when we handle the error here and make it fatal.
2766 * Also, if the source file doesn't exist, but a fallback is set via SetCredentials=
2767 * we are fine, too. */
2768 log_debug_errno(r
, "Couldn't read inherited credential '%s', skipping: %m", path
);
2772 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to read credential '%s': %m", path
);
2775 _cleanup_free_
void *plaintext
= NULL
;
2776 size_t plaintext_size
= 0;
2778 r
= decrypt_credential_and_warn(id
, now(CLOCK_REALTIME
), NULL
, NULL
, data
, size
, &plaintext
, &plaintext_size
);
2782 free_and_replace(data
, plaintext
);
2783 size
= plaintext_size
;
2786 add
= strlen(id
) + size
;
2790 r
= write_credential(write_dfd
, id
, data
, size
, uid
, ownership_ok
);
2792 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to write credential '%s': %m", id
);
2798 struct load_cred_args
{
2799 const ExecContext
*context
;
2800 const ExecParameters
*params
;
2809 static int load_cred_recurse_dir_cb(
2810 RecurseDirEvent event
,
2814 const struct dirent
*de
,
2815 const struct statx
*sx
,
2818 struct load_cred_args
*args
= ASSERT_PTR(userdata
);
2819 _cleanup_free_
char *sub_id
= NULL
;
2822 if (event
!= RECURSE_DIR_ENTRY
)
2823 return RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE
;
2825 if (!IN_SET(de
->d_type
, DT_REG
, DT_SOCK
))
2826 return RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE
;
2828 sub_id
= strreplace(path
, "/", "_");
2832 if (!credential_name_valid(sub_id
))
2833 return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Credential would get ID %s, which is not valid, refusing", sub_id
);
2835 if (faccessat(args
->dfd
, sub_id
, F_OK
, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
) >= 0) {
2836 log_debug("Skipping credential with duplicated ID %s at %s", sub_id
, path
);
2837 return RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE
;
2839 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
2840 return log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to test if credential %s exists: %m", sub_id
);
2842 r
= load_credential(
2857 return RECURSE_DIR_CONTINUE
;
2860 static int acquire_credentials(
2861 const ExecContext
*context
,
2862 const ExecParameters
*params
,
2866 bool ownership_ok
) {
2868 uint64_t left
= CREDENTIALS_TOTAL_SIZE_MAX
;
2869 _cleanup_close_
int dfd
= -EBADF
;
2870 ExecLoadCredential
*lc
;
2871 ExecSetCredential
*sc
;
2877 dfd
= open(p
, O_DIRECTORY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
2881 /* First, load credentials off disk (or acquire via AF_UNIX socket) */
2882 HASHMAP_FOREACH(lc
, context
->load_credentials
) {
2883 _cleanup_close_
int sub_fd
= -EBADF
;
2885 /* If this is an absolute path, then try to open it as a directory. If that works, then we'll
2886 * recurse into it. If it is an absolute path but it isn't a directory, then we'll open it as
2887 * a regular file. Finally, if it's a relative path we will use it as a credential name to
2888 * propagate a credential passed to us from further up. */
2890 if (path_is_absolute(lc
->path
)) {
2891 sub_fd
= open(lc
->path
, O_DIRECTORY
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_RDONLY
);
2892 if (sub_fd
< 0 && !IN_SET(errno
,
2893 ENOTDIR
, /* Not a directory */
2894 ENOENT
)) /* Doesn't exist? */
2895 return log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to open '%s': %m", lc
->path
);
2899 /* Regular file (incl. a credential passed in from higher up) */
2900 r
= load_credential(
2916 /* path= */ lc
->id
, /* recurse_dir() will suffix the subdir paths from here to the top-level id */
2917 /* statx_mask= */ 0,
2918 /* n_depth_max= */ UINT_MAX
,
2919 RECURSE_DIR_SORT
|RECURSE_DIR_IGNORE_DOT
|RECURSE_DIR_ENSURE_TYPE
,
2920 load_cred_recurse_dir_cb
,
2921 &(struct load_cred_args
) {
2924 .encrypted
= lc
->encrypted
,
2928 .ownership_ok
= ownership_ok
,
2935 /* Second, we add in literally specified credentials. If the credentials already exist, we'll not add
2936 * them, so that they can act as a "default" if the same credential is specified multiple times. */
2937 HASHMAP_FOREACH(sc
, context
->set_credentials
) {
2938 _cleanup_(erase_and_freep
) void *plaintext
= NULL
;
2942 /* Note that we check ahead of time here instead of relying on O_EXCL|O_CREAT later to return
2943 * EEXIST if the credential already exists. That's because the TPM2-based decryption is kinda
2944 * slow and involved, hence it's nice to be able to skip that if the credential already
2946 if (faccessat(dfd
, sc
->id
, F_OK
, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
) >= 0)
2948 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
2949 return log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to test if credential %s exists: %m", sc
->id
);
2951 if (sc
->encrypted
) {
2952 r
= decrypt_credential_and_warn(sc
->id
, now(CLOCK_REALTIME
), NULL
, NULL
, sc
->data
, sc
->size
, &plaintext
, &size
);
2962 add
= strlen(sc
->id
) + size
;
2966 r
= write_credential(dfd
, sc
->id
, data
, size
, uid
, ownership_ok
);
2973 if (fchmod(dfd
, 0500) < 0) /* Now take away the "w" bit */
2976 /* After we created all keys with the right perms, also make sure the credential store as a whole is
2979 if (uid_is_valid(uid
) && uid
!= getuid()) {
2980 r
= fd_add_uid_acl_permission(dfd
, uid
, ACL_READ
| ACL_EXECUTE
);
2982 if (!ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(r
) && !ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(r
))
2988 if (fchown(dfd
, uid
, GID_INVALID
) < 0)
2996 static int setup_credentials_internal(
2997 const ExecContext
*context
,
2998 const ExecParameters
*params
,
3000 const char *final
, /* This is where the credential store shall eventually end up at */
3001 const char *workspace
, /* This is where we can prepare it before moving it to the final place */
3002 bool reuse_workspace
, /* Whether to reuse any existing workspace mount if it already is a mount */
3003 bool must_mount
, /* Whether to require that we mount something, it's not OK to use the plain directory fall back */
3006 int r
, workspace_mounted
; /* negative if we don't know yet whether we have/can mount something; true
3007 * if we mounted something; false if we definitely can't mount anything */
3015 if (reuse_workspace
) {
3016 r
= path_is_mount_point(workspace
, NULL
, 0);
3020 workspace_mounted
= true; /* If this is already a mount, and we are supposed to reuse it, let's keep this in mind */
3022 workspace_mounted
= -1; /* We need to figure out if we can mount something to the workspace */
3024 workspace_mounted
= -1; /* ditto */
3026 r
= path_is_mount_point(final
, NULL
, 0);
3030 /* If the final place already has something mounted, we use that. If the workspace also has
3031 * something mounted we assume it's actually the same mount (but with MS_RDONLY
3033 final_mounted
= true;
3035 if (workspace_mounted
< 0) {
3036 /* If the final place is mounted, but the workspace isn't, then let's bind mount
3037 * the final version to the workspace, and make it writable, so that we can make
3040 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, final
, workspace
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3044 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, NULL
, workspace
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_NODEV
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NOSUID
, NULL
);
3048 workspace_mounted
= true;
3051 final_mounted
= false;
3053 if (workspace_mounted
< 0) {
3054 /* Nothing is mounted on the workspace yet, let's try to mount something now */
3055 for (int try = 0;; try++) {
3058 /* Try "ramfs" first, since it's not swap backed */
3059 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, "ramfs", workspace
, "ramfs", MS_NODEV
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NOSUID
, "mode=0700");
3061 workspace_mounted
= true;
3065 } else if (try == 1) {
3066 _cleanup_free_
char *opts
= NULL
;
3068 if (asprintf(&opts
, "mode=0700,nr_inodes=1024,size=%zu", (size_t) CREDENTIALS_TOTAL_SIZE_MAX
) < 0)
3071 /* Fall back to "tmpfs" otherwise */
3072 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, "tmpfs", workspace
, "tmpfs", MS_NODEV
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NOSUID
, opts
);
3074 workspace_mounted
= true;
3079 /* If that didn't work, try to make a bind mount from the final to the workspace, so that we can make it writable there. */
3080 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, final
, workspace
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3082 if (!ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(r
)) /* Propagate anything that isn't a permission problem */
3085 if (must_mount
) /* If we it's not OK to use the plain directory
3086 * fallback, propagate all errors too */
3089 /* If we lack privileges to bind mount stuff, then let's gracefully
3090 * proceed for compat with container envs, and just use the final dir
3093 workspace_mounted
= false;
3097 /* Make the new bind mount writable (i.e. drop MS_RDONLY) */
3098 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, NULL
, workspace
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_NODEV
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NOSUID
, NULL
);
3102 workspace_mounted
= true;
3108 assert(!must_mount
|| workspace_mounted
> 0);
3109 where
= workspace_mounted
? workspace
: final
;
3111 (void) label_fix_full(AT_FDCWD
, where
, final
, 0);
3113 r
= acquire_credentials(context
, params
, unit
, where
, uid
, workspace_mounted
);
3117 if (workspace_mounted
) {
3118 /* Make workspace read-only now, so that any bind mount we make from it defaults to read-only too */
3119 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, NULL
, workspace
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NODEV
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NOSUID
, NULL
);
3123 /* And mount it to the final place, read-only */
3125 r
= umount_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, workspace
, MNT_DETACH
|UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW
);
3127 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, workspace
, final
, NULL
, MS_MOVE
, NULL
);
3131 _cleanup_free_
char *parent
= NULL
;
3133 /* If we do not have our own mount put used the plain directory fallback, then we need to
3134 * open access to the top-level credential directory and the per-service directory now */
3136 r
= path_extract_directory(final
, &parent
);
3139 if (chmod(parent
, 0755) < 0)
3146 static int setup_credentials(
3147 const ExecContext
*context
,
3148 const ExecParameters
*params
,
3152 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
, *q
= NULL
;
3158 if (!exec_context_has_credentials(context
))
3161 if (!params
->prefix
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
])
3164 /* This where we'll place stuff when we are done; this main credentials directory is world-readable,
3165 * and the subdir we mount over with a read-only file system readable by the service's user */
3166 q
= path_join(params
->prefix
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
], "credentials");
3170 r
= mkdir_label(q
, 0755); /* top-level dir: world readable/searchable */
3171 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -EEXIST
)
3174 p
= path_join(q
, unit
);
3178 r
= mkdir_label(p
, 0700); /* per-unit dir: private to user */
3179 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -EEXIST
)
3182 r
= safe_fork("(sd-mkdcreds)", FORK_DEATHSIG
|FORK_WAIT
|FORK_NEW_MOUNTNS
, NULL
);
3184 _cleanup_free_
char *t
= NULL
, *u
= NULL
;
3186 /* If this is not a privilege or support issue then propagate the error */
3187 if (!ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(r
) && !ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(r
))
3190 /* Temporary workspace, that remains inaccessible all the time. We prepare stuff there before moving
3191 * it into place, so that users can't access half-initialized credential stores. */
3192 t
= path_join(params
->prefix
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
], "systemd/temporary-credentials");
3196 /* We can't set up a mount namespace. In that case operate on a fixed, inaccessible per-unit
3197 * directory outside of /run/credentials/ first, and then move it over to /run/credentials/
3198 * after it is fully set up */
3199 u
= path_join(t
, unit
);
3203 FOREACH_STRING(i
, t
, u
) {
3204 r
= mkdir_label(i
, 0700);
3205 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -EEXIST
)
3209 r
= setup_credentials_internal(
3213 p
, /* final mount point */
3214 u
, /* temporary workspace to overmount */
3215 true, /* reuse the workspace if it is already a mount */
3216 false, /* it's OK to fall back to a plain directory if we can't mount anything */
3219 (void) rmdir(u
); /* remove the workspace again if we can. */
3224 } else if (r
== 0) {
3226 /* We managed to set up a mount namespace, and are now in a child. That's great. In this case
3227 * we can use the same directory for all cases, after turning off propagation. Question
3228 * though is: where do we turn off propagation exactly, and where do we place the workspace
3229 * directory? We need some place that is guaranteed to be a mount point in the host, and
3230 * which is guaranteed to have a subdir we can mount over. /run/ is not suitable for this,
3231 * since we ultimately want to move the resulting file system there, i.e. we need propagation
3232 * for /run/ eventually. We could use our own /run/systemd/bind mount on itself, but that
3233 * would be visible in the host mount table all the time, which we want to avoid. Hence, what
3234 * we do here instead we use /dev/ and /dev/shm/ for our purposes. We know for sure that
3235 * /dev/ is a mount point and we now for sure that /dev/shm/ exists. Hence we can turn off
3236 * propagation on the former, and then overmount the latter.
3238 * Yes it's nasty playing games with /dev/ and /dev/shm/ like this, since it does not exist
3239 * for this purpose, but there are few other candidates that work equally well for us, and
3240 * given that the we do this in a privately namespaced short-lived single-threaded process
3241 * that no one else sees this should be OK to do. */
3243 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, NULL
, "/dev", NULL
, MS_SLAVE
|MS_REC
, NULL
); /* Turn off propagation from our namespace to host */
3247 r
= setup_credentials_internal(
3251 p
, /* final mount point */
3252 "/dev/shm", /* temporary workspace to overmount */
3253 false, /* do not reuse /dev/shm if it is already a mount, under no circumstances */
3254 true, /* insist that something is mounted, do not allow fallback to plain directory */
3259 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS
);
3262 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
3269 static int setup_smack(
3270 const Manager
*manager
,
3271 const ExecContext
*context
,
3272 int executable_fd
) {
3276 assert(executable_fd
>= 0);
3278 if (context
->smack_process_label
) {
3279 r
= mac_smack_apply_pid(0, context
->smack_process_label
);
3282 } else if (manager
->default_smack_process_label
) {
3283 _cleanup_free_
char *exec_label
= NULL
;
3285 r
= mac_smack_read_fd(executable_fd
, SMACK_ATTR_EXEC
, &exec_label
);
3286 if (r
< 0 && !ERRNO_IS_XATTR_ABSENT(r
))
3289 r
= mac_smack_apply_pid(0, exec_label
? : manager
->default_smack_process_label
);
3298 static int compile_bind_mounts(
3299 const ExecContext
*context
,
3300 const ExecParameters
*params
,
3301 BindMount
**ret_bind_mounts
,
3302 size_t *ret_n_bind_mounts
,
3303 char ***ret_empty_directories
) {
3305 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **empty_directories
= NULL
;
3306 BindMount
*bind_mounts
;
3312 assert(ret_bind_mounts
);
3313 assert(ret_n_bind_mounts
);
3314 assert(ret_empty_directories
);
3316 n
= context
->n_bind_mounts
;
3317 for (ExecDirectoryType t
= 0; t
< _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
; t
++) {
3318 if (!params
->prefix
[t
])
3321 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< context
->directories
[t
].n_items
; i
++)
3322 n
+= !context
->directories
[t
].items
[i
].only_create
;
3326 *ret_bind_mounts
= NULL
;
3327 *ret_n_bind_mounts
= 0;
3328 *ret_empty_directories
= NULL
;
3332 bind_mounts
= new(BindMount
, n
);
3336 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< context
->n_bind_mounts
; i
++) {
3337 BindMount
*item
= context
->bind_mounts
+ i
;
3340 s
= strdup(item
->source
);
3346 d
= strdup(item
->destination
);
3353 bind_mounts
[h
++] = (BindMount
) {
3356 .read_only
= item
->read_only
,
3357 .recursive
= item
->recursive
,
3358 .ignore_enoent
= item
->ignore_enoent
,
3362 for (ExecDirectoryType t
= 0; t
< _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
; t
++) {
3363 if (!params
->prefix
[t
])
3366 if (context
->directories
[t
].n_items
== 0)
3369 if (exec_directory_is_private(context
, t
) &&
3370 !exec_context_with_rootfs(context
)) {
3373 /* So this is for a dynamic user, and we need to make sure the process can access its own
3374 * directory. For that we overmount the usually inaccessible "private" subdirectory with a
3375 * tmpfs that makes it accessible and is empty except for the submounts we do this for. */
3377 private_root
= path_join(params
->prefix
[t
], "private");
3378 if (!private_root
) {
3383 r
= strv_consume(&empty_directories
, private_root
);
3388 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< context
->directories
[t
].n_items
; i
++) {
3391 /* When one of the parent directories is in the list, we cannot create the symlink
3392 * for the child directory. See also the comments in setup_exec_directory(). */
3393 if (context
->directories
[t
].items
[i
].only_create
)
3396 if (exec_directory_is_private(context
, t
))
3397 s
= path_join(params
->prefix
[t
], "private", context
->directories
[t
].items
[i
].path
);
3399 s
= path_join(params
->prefix
[t
], context
->directories
[t
].items
[i
].path
);
3405 if (exec_directory_is_private(context
, t
) &&
3406 exec_context_with_rootfs(context
))
3407 /* When RootDirectory= or RootImage= are set, then the symbolic link to the private
3408 * directory is not created on the root directory. So, let's bind-mount the directory
3409 * on the 'non-private' place. */
3410 d
= path_join(params
->prefix
[t
], context
->directories
[t
].items
[i
].path
);
3419 bind_mounts
[h
++] = (BindMount
) {
3423 .nosuid
= context
->dynamic_user
, /* don't allow suid/sgid when DynamicUser= is on */
3425 .ignore_enoent
= false,
3432 *ret_bind_mounts
= bind_mounts
;
3433 *ret_n_bind_mounts
= n
;
3434 *ret_empty_directories
= TAKE_PTR(empty_directories
);
3439 bind_mount_free_many(bind_mounts
, h
);
3443 /* ret_symlinks will contain a list of pairs src:dest that describes
3444 * the symlinks to create later on. For example, the symlinks needed
3445 * to safely give private directories to DynamicUser=1 users. */
3446 static int compile_symlinks(
3447 const ExecContext
*context
,
3448 const ExecParameters
*params
,
3449 char ***ret_symlinks
) {
3451 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **symlinks
= NULL
;
3456 assert(ret_symlinks
);
3458 for (ExecDirectoryType dt
= 0; dt
< _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
; dt
++) {
3459 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< context
->directories
[dt
].n_items
; i
++) {
3460 _cleanup_free_
char *private_path
= NULL
, *path
= NULL
;
3462 STRV_FOREACH(symlink
, context
->directories
[dt
].items
[i
].symlinks
) {
3463 _cleanup_free_
char *src_abs
= NULL
, *dst_abs
= NULL
;
3465 src_abs
= path_join(params
->prefix
[dt
], context
->directories
[dt
].items
[i
].path
);
3466 dst_abs
= path_join(params
->prefix
[dt
], *symlink
);
3467 if (!src_abs
|| !dst_abs
)
3470 r
= strv_consume_pair(&symlinks
, TAKE_PTR(src_abs
), TAKE_PTR(dst_abs
));
3475 if (!exec_directory_is_private(context
, dt
) ||
3476 exec_context_with_rootfs(context
) ||
3477 context
->directories
[dt
].items
[i
].only_create
)
3480 private_path
= path_join(params
->prefix
[dt
], "private", context
->directories
[dt
].items
[i
].path
);
3484 path
= path_join(params
->prefix
[dt
], context
->directories
[dt
].items
[i
].path
);
3488 r
= strv_consume_pair(&symlinks
, TAKE_PTR(private_path
), TAKE_PTR(path
));
3494 *ret_symlinks
= TAKE_PTR(symlinks
);
3499 static bool insist_on_sandboxing(
3500 const ExecContext
*context
,
3501 const char *root_dir
,
3502 const char *root_image
,
3503 const BindMount
*bind_mounts
,
3504 size_t n_bind_mounts
) {
3507 assert(n_bind_mounts
== 0 || bind_mounts
);
3509 /* Checks whether we need to insist on fs namespacing. i.e. whether we have settings configured that
3510 * would alter the view on the file system beyond making things read-only or invisible, i.e. would
3511 * rearrange stuff in a way we cannot ignore gracefully. */
3513 if (context
->n_temporary_filesystems
> 0)
3516 if (root_dir
|| root_image
)
3519 if (context
->n_mount_images
> 0)
3522 if (context
->dynamic_user
)
3525 if (context
->n_extension_images
> 0 || !strv_isempty(context
->extension_directories
))
3528 /* If there are any bind mounts set that don't map back onto themselves, fs namespacing becomes
3530 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< n_bind_mounts
; i
++)
3531 if (!path_equal(bind_mounts
[i
].source
, bind_mounts
[i
].destination
))
3534 if (context
->log_namespace
)
3540 static int apply_mount_namespace(
3542 ExecCommandFlags command_flags
,
3543 const ExecContext
*context
,
3544 const ExecParameters
*params
,
3545 const ExecRuntime
*runtime
,
3546 char **error_path
) {
3548 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **empty_directories
= NULL
, **symlinks
= NULL
;
3549 const char *tmp_dir
= NULL
, *var_tmp_dir
= NULL
;
3550 const char *root_dir
= NULL
, *root_image
= NULL
;
3551 _cleanup_free_
char *creds_path
= NULL
, *incoming_dir
= NULL
, *propagate_dir
= NULL
,
3552 *extension_dir
= NULL
;
3553 NamespaceInfo ns_info
;
3554 bool needs_sandboxing
;
3555 BindMount
*bind_mounts
= NULL
;
3556 size_t n_bind_mounts
= 0;
3561 if (params
->flags
& EXEC_APPLY_CHROOT
) {
3562 root_image
= context
->root_image
;
3565 root_dir
= context
->root_directory
;
3568 r
= compile_bind_mounts(context
, params
, &bind_mounts
, &n_bind_mounts
, &empty_directories
);
3572 /* Symlinks for exec dirs are set up after other mounts, before they are made read-only. */
3573 r
= compile_symlinks(context
, params
, &symlinks
);
3577 needs_sandboxing
= (params
->flags
& EXEC_APPLY_SANDBOXING
) && !(command_flags
& EXEC_COMMAND_FULLY_PRIVILEGED
);
3578 if (needs_sandboxing
) {
3579 /* The runtime struct only contains the parent of the private /tmp,
3580 * which is non-accessible to world users. Inside of it there's a /tmp
3581 * that is sticky, and that's the one we want to use here.
3582 * This does not apply when we are using /run/systemd/empty as fallback. */
3584 if (context
->private_tmp
&& runtime
) {
3585 if (streq_ptr(runtime
->tmp_dir
, RUN_SYSTEMD_EMPTY
))
3586 tmp_dir
= runtime
->tmp_dir
;
3587 else if (runtime
->tmp_dir
)
3588 tmp_dir
= strjoina(runtime
->tmp_dir
, "/tmp");
3590 if (streq_ptr(runtime
->var_tmp_dir
, RUN_SYSTEMD_EMPTY
))
3591 var_tmp_dir
= runtime
->var_tmp_dir
;
3592 else if (runtime
->var_tmp_dir
)
3593 var_tmp_dir
= strjoina(runtime
->var_tmp_dir
, "/tmp");
3596 ns_info
= (NamespaceInfo
) {
3597 .ignore_protect_paths
= false,
3598 .private_dev
= context
->private_devices
,
3599 .protect_control_groups
= context
->protect_control_groups
,
3600 .protect_kernel_tunables
= context
->protect_kernel_tunables
,
3601 .protect_kernel_modules
= context
->protect_kernel_modules
,
3602 .protect_kernel_logs
= context
->protect_kernel_logs
,
3603 .protect_hostname
= context
->protect_hostname
,
3604 .mount_apivfs
= exec_context_get_effective_mount_apivfs(context
),
3605 .protect_home
= context
->protect_home
,
3606 .protect_system
= context
->protect_system
,
3607 .protect_proc
= context
->protect_proc
,
3608 .proc_subset
= context
->proc_subset
,
3609 .private_ipc
= exec_needs_ipc_namespace(context
),
3610 /* If NNP is on, we can turn on MS_NOSUID, since it won't have any effect anymore. */
3611 .mount_nosuid
= context
->no_new_privileges
&& !mac_selinux_use(),
3613 } else if (!context
->dynamic_user
&& root_dir
)
3615 * If DynamicUser=no and RootDirectory= is set then lets pass a relaxed
3616 * sandbox info, otherwise enforce it, don't ignore protected paths and
3617 * fail if we are enable to apply the sandbox inside the mount namespace.
3619 ns_info
= (NamespaceInfo
) {
3620 .ignore_protect_paths
= true,
3623 ns_info
= (NamespaceInfo
) {};
3625 if (context
->mount_flags
== MS_SHARED
)
3626 log_unit_debug(u
, "shared mount propagation hidden by other fs namespacing unit settings: ignoring");
3628 if (exec_context_has_credentials(context
) &&
3629 params
->prefix
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
] &&
3630 FLAGS_SET(params
->flags
, EXEC_WRITE_CREDENTIALS
)) {
3631 creds_path
= path_join(params
->prefix
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
], "credentials", u
->id
);
3638 if (MANAGER_IS_SYSTEM(u
->manager
)) {
3639 propagate_dir
= path_join("/run/systemd/propagate/", u
->id
);
3640 if (!propagate_dir
) {
3645 incoming_dir
= strdup("/run/systemd/incoming");
3646 if (!incoming_dir
) {
3651 extension_dir
= strdup("/run/systemd/unit-extensions");
3652 if (!extension_dir
) {
3657 if (asprintf(&extension_dir
, "/run/user/" UID_FMT
"/systemd/unit-extensions", geteuid()) < 0) {
3662 r
= setup_namespace(root_dir
, root_image
, context
->root_image_options
,
3663 &ns_info
, context
->read_write_paths
,
3664 needs_sandboxing
? context
->read_only_paths
: NULL
,
3665 needs_sandboxing
? context
->inaccessible_paths
: NULL
,
3666 needs_sandboxing
? context
->exec_paths
: NULL
,
3667 needs_sandboxing
? context
->no_exec_paths
: NULL
,
3672 context
->temporary_filesystems
,
3673 context
->n_temporary_filesystems
,
3674 context
->mount_images
,
3675 context
->n_mount_images
,
3679 context
->log_namespace
,
3680 context
->mount_flags
,
3681 context
->root_hash
, context
->root_hash_size
, context
->root_hash_path
,
3682 context
->root_hash_sig
, context
->root_hash_sig_size
, context
->root_hash_sig_path
,
3683 context
->root_verity
,
3684 context
->extension_images
,
3685 context
->n_extension_images
,
3686 context
->extension_directories
,
3690 root_dir
|| root_image
? params
->notify_socket
: NULL
,
3693 /* If we couldn't set up the namespace this is probably due to a missing capability. setup_namespace() reports
3694 * that with a special, recognizable error ENOANO. In this case, silently proceed, but only if exclusively
3695 * sandboxing options were used, i.e. nothing such as RootDirectory= or BindMount= that would result in a
3696 * completely different execution environment. */
3698 if (insist_on_sandboxing(
3700 root_dir
, root_image
,
3703 log_unit_debug(u
, "Failed to set up namespace, and refusing to continue since the selected namespacing options alter mount environment non-trivially.\n"
3704 "Bind mounts: %zu, temporary filesystems: %zu, root directory: %s, root image: %s, dynamic user: %s",
3705 n_bind_mounts
, context
->n_temporary_filesystems
, yes_no(root_dir
), yes_no(root_image
), yes_no(context
->dynamic_user
));
3709 log_unit_debug(u
, "Failed to set up namespace, assuming containerized execution and ignoring.");
3715 bind_mount_free_many(bind_mounts
, n_bind_mounts
);
3719 static int apply_working_directory(
3720 const ExecContext
*context
,
3721 const ExecParameters
*params
,
3728 assert(exit_status
);
3730 if (context
->working_directory_home
) {
3733 *exit_status
= EXIT_CHDIR
;
3740 wd
= empty_to_root(context
->working_directory
);
3742 if (params
->flags
& EXEC_APPLY_CHROOT
)
3745 d
= prefix_roota(context
->root_directory
, wd
);
3747 if (chdir(d
) < 0 && !context
->working_directory_missing_ok
) {
3748 *exit_status
= EXIT_CHDIR
;
3755 static int apply_root_directory(
3756 const ExecContext
*context
,
3757 const ExecParameters
*params
,
3758 const bool needs_mount_ns
,
3762 assert(exit_status
);
3764 if (params
->flags
& EXEC_APPLY_CHROOT
)
3765 if (!needs_mount_ns
&& context
->root_directory
)
3766 if (chroot(context
->root_directory
) < 0) {
3767 *exit_status
= EXIT_CHROOT
;
3774 static int setup_keyring(
3776 const ExecContext
*context
,
3777 const ExecParameters
*p
,
3778 uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
3780 key_serial_t keyring
;
3789 /* Let's set up a new per-service "session" kernel keyring for each system service. This has the benefit that
3790 * each service runs with its own keyring shared among all processes of the service, but with no hook-up beyond
3791 * that scope, and in particular no link to the per-UID keyring. If we don't do this the keyring will be
3792 * automatically created on-demand and then linked to the per-UID keyring, by the kernel. The kernel's built-in
3793 * on-demand behaviour is very appropriate for login users, but probably not so much for system services, where
3794 * UIDs are not necessarily specific to a service but reused (at least in the case of UID 0). */
3796 if (context
->keyring_mode
== EXEC_KEYRING_INHERIT
)
3799 /* Acquiring a reference to the user keyring is nasty. We briefly change identity in order to get things set up
3800 * properly by the kernel. If we don't do that then we can't create it atomically, and that sucks for parallel
3801 * execution. This mimics what pam_keyinit does, too. Setting up session keyring, to be owned by the right user
3802 * & group is just as nasty as acquiring a reference to the user keyring. */
3804 saved_uid
= getuid();
3805 saved_gid
= getgid();
3807 if (gid_is_valid(gid
) && gid
!= saved_gid
) {
3808 if (setregid(gid
, -1) < 0)
3809 return log_unit_error_errno(u
, errno
, "Failed to change GID for user keyring: %m");
3812 if (uid_is_valid(uid
) && uid
!= saved_uid
) {
3813 if (setreuid(uid
, -1) < 0) {
3814 r
= log_unit_error_errno(u
, errno
, "Failed to change UID for user keyring: %m");
3819 keyring
= keyctl(KEYCTL_JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING
, 0, 0, 0, 0);
3820 if (keyring
== -1) {
3821 if (errno
== ENOSYS
)
3822 log_unit_debug_errno(u
, errno
, "Kernel keyring not supported, ignoring.");
3823 else if (ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(errno
))
3824 log_unit_debug_errno(u
, errno
, "Kernel keyring access prohibited, ignoring.");
3825 else if (errno
== EDQUOT
)
3826 log_unit_debug_errno(u
, errno
, "Out of kernel keyrings to allocate, ignoring.");
3828 r
= log_unit_error_errno(u
, errno
, "Setting up kernel keyring failed: %m");
3833 /* When requested link the user keyring into the session keyring. */
3834 if (context
->keyring_mode
== EXEC_KEYRING_SHARED
) {
3836 if (keyctl(KEYCTL_LINK
,
3837 KEY_SPEC_USER_KEYRING
,
3838 KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING
, 0, 0) < 0) {
3839 r
= log_unit_error_errno(u
, errno
, "Failed to link user keyring into session keyring: %m");
3844 /* Restore uid/gid back */
3845 if (uid_is_valid(uid
) && uid
!= saved_uid
) {
3846 if (setreuid(saved_uid
, -1) < 0) {
3847 r
= log_unit_error_errno(u
, errno
, "Failed to change UID back for user keyring: %m");
3852 if (gid_is_valid(gid
) && gid
!= saved_gid
) {
3853 if (setregid(saved_gid
, -1) < 0)
3854 return log_unit_error_errno(u
, errno
, "Failed to change GID back for user keyring: %m");
3857 /* Populate they keyring with the invocation ID by default, as original saved_uid. */
3858 if (!sd_id128_is_null(u
->invocation_id
)) {
3861 key
= add_key("user", "invocation_id", &u
->invocation_id
, sizeof(u
->invocation_id
), KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING
);
3863 log_unit_debug_errno(u
, errno
, "Failed to add invocation ID to keyring, ignoring: %m");
3865 if (keyctl(KEYCTL_SETPERM
, key
,
3866 KEY_POS_VIEW
|KEY_POS_READ
|KEY_POS_SEARCH
|
3867 KEY_USR_VIEW
|KEY_USR_READ
|KEY_USR_SEARCH
, 0, 0) < 0)
3868 r
= log_unit_error_errno(u
, errno
, "Failed to restrict invocation ID permission: %m");
3873 /* Revert back uid & gid for the last time, and exit */
3874 /* no extra logging, as only the first already reported error matters */
3875 if (getuid() != saved_uid
)
3876 (void) setreuid(saved_uid
, -1);
3878 if (getgid() != saved_gid
)
3879 (void) setregid(saved_gid
, -1);
3884 static void append_socket_pair(int *array
, size_t *n
, const int pair
[static 2]) {
3890 array
[(*n
)++] = pair
[0];
3892 array
[(*n
)++] = pair
[1];
3895 static int close_remaining_fds(
3896 const ExecParameters
*params
,
3897 const ExecRuntime
*runtime
,
3898 const DynamicCreds
*dcreds
,
3901 const int *fds
, size_t n_fds
) {
3903 size_t n_dont_close
= 0;
3904 int dont_close
[n_fds
+ 12];
3908 if (params
->stdin_fd
>= 0)
3909 dont_close
[n_dont_close
++] = params
->stdin_fd
;
3910 if (params
->stdout_fd
>= 0)
3911 dont_close
[n_dont_close
++] = params
->stdout_fd
;
3912 if (params
->stderr_fd
>= 0)
3913 dont_close
[n_dont_close
++] = params
->stderr_fd
;
3916 dont_close
[n_dont_close
++] = socket_fd
;
3918 memcpy(dont_close
+ n_dont_close
, fds
, sizeof(int) * n_fds
);
3919 n_dont_close
+= n_fds
;
3923 append_socket_pair(dont_close
, &n_dont_close
, runtime
->netns_storage_socket
);
3924 append_socket_pair(dont_close
, &n_dont_close
, runtime
->ipcns_storage_socket
);
3929 append_socket_pair(dont_close
, &n_dont_close
, dcreds
->user
->storage_socket
);
3931 append_socket_pair(dont_close
, &n_dont_close
, dcreds
->group
->storage_socket
);
3934 if (user_lookup_fd
>= 0)
3935 dont_close
[n_dont_close
++] = user_lookup_fd
;
3937 return close_all_fds(dont_close
, n_dont_close
);
3940 static int send_user_lookup(
3948 /* Send the resolved UID/GID to PID 1 after we learnt it. We send a single datagram, containing the UID/GID
3949 * data as well as the unit name. Note that we suppress sending this if no user/group to resolve was
3952 if (user_lookup_fd
< 0)
3955 if (!uid_is_valid(uid
) && !gid_is_valid(gid
))
3958 if (writev(user_lookup_fd
,
3960 IOVEC_INIT(&uid
, sizeof(uid
)),
3961 IOVEC_INIT(&gid
, sizeof(gid
)),
3962 IOVEC_INIT_STRING(unit
->id
) }, 3) < 0)
3968 static int acquire_home(const ExecContext
*c
, uid_t uid
, const char** home
, char **buf
) {
3975 /* If WorkingDirectory=~ is set, try to acquire a usable home directory. */
3980 if (!c
->working_directory_home
)
3983 r
= get_home_dir(buf
);
3991 static int compile_suggested_paths(const ExecContext
*c
, const ExecParameters
*p
, char ***ret
) {
3992 _cleanup_strv_free_
char ** list
= NULL
;
3999 assert(c
->dynamic_user
);
4001 /* Compile a list of paths that it might make sense to read the owning UID from to use as initial candidate for
4002 * dynamic UID allocation, in order to save us from doing costly recursive chown()s of the special
4005 for (ExecDirectoryType t
= 0; t
< _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
; t
++) {
4006 if (t
== EXEC_DIRECTORY_CONFIGURATION
)
4012 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< c
->directories
[t
].n_items
; i
++) {
4015 if (exec_directory_is_private(c
, t
))
4016 e
= path_join(p
->prefix
[t
], "private", c
->directories
[t
].items
[i
].path
);
4018 e
= path_join(p
->prefix
[t
], c
->directories
[t
].items
[i
].path
);
4022 r
= strv_consume(&list
, e
);
4028 *ret
= TAKE_PTR(list
);
4033 static int exec_parameters_get_cgroup_path(const ExecParameters
*params
, char **ret
) {
4034 bool using_subcgroup
;
4040 if (!params
->cgroup_path
)
4043 /* If we are called for a unit where cgroup delegation is on, and the payload created its own populated
4044 * subcgroup (which we expect it to do, after all it asked for delegation), then we cannot place the control
4045 * processes started after the main unit's process in the unit's main cgroup because it is now an inner one,
4046 * and inner cgroups may not contain processes. Hence, if delegation is on, and this is a control process,
4047 * let's use ".control" as subcgroup instead. Note that we do so only for ExecStartPost=, ExecReload=,
4048 * ExecStop=, ExecStopPost=, i.e. for the commands where the main process is already forked. For ExecStartPre=
4049 * this is not necessary, the cgroup is still empty. We distinguish these cases with the EXEC_CONTROL_CGROUP
4050 * flag, which is only passed for the former statements, not for the latter. */
4052 using_subcgroup
= FLAGS_SET(params
->flags
, EXEC_CONTROL_CGROUP
|EXEC_CGROUP_DELEGATE
|EXEC_IS_CONTROL
);
4053 if (using_subcgroup
)
4054 p
= path_join(params
->cgroup_path
, ".control");
4056 p
= strdup(params
->cgroup_path
);
4061 return using_subcgroup
;
4064 static int exec_context_cpu_affinity_from_numa(const ExecContext
*c
, CPUSet
*ret
) {
4065 _cleanup_(cpu_set_reset
) CPUSet s
= {};
4071 if (!c
->numa_policy
.nodes
.set
) {
4072 log_debug("Can't derive CPU affinity mask from NUMA mask because NUMA mask is not set, ignoring");
4076 r
= numa_to_cpu_set(&c
->numa_policy
, &s
);
4082 return cpu_set_add_all(ret
, &s
);
4085 bool exec_context_get_cpu_affinity_from_numa(const ExecContext
*c
) {
4088 return c
->cpu_affinity_from_numa
;
4091 static int add_shifted_fd(int *fds
, size_t fds_size
, size_t *n_fds
, int fd
, int *ret_fd
) {
4096 assert(*n_fds
< fds_size
);
4104 if (fd
< 3 + (int) *n_fds
) {
4105 /* Let's move the fd up, so that it's outside of the fd range we will use to store
4106 * the fds we pass to the process (or which are closed only during execve). */
4108 r
= fcntl(fd
, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
, 3 + (int) *n_fds
);
4112 close_and_replace(fd
, r
);
4115 *ret_fd
= fds
[*n_fds
] = fd
;
4120 static int connect_unix_harder(Unit
*u
, const OpenFile
*of
, int ofd
) {
4121 union sockaddr_union addr
= {
4122 .un
.sun_family
= AF_UNIX
,
4125 static const int socket_types
[] = { SOCK_DGRAM
, SOCK_STREAM
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
};
4132 r
= sockaddr_un_set_path(&addr
.un
, FORMAT_PROC_FD_PATH(ofd
));
4134 return log_unit_error_errno(u
, r
, "Failed to set sockaddr for %s: %m", of
->path
);
4138 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(socket_types
); i
++) {
4139 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
;
4141 fd
= socket(AF_UNIX
, socket_types
[i
] | SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0);
4143 return log_unit_error_errno(u
, errno
, "Failed to create socket for %s: %m", of
->path
);
4145 r
= RET_NERRNO(connect(fd
, &addr
.sa
, sa_len
));
4146 if (r
== -EPROTOTYPE
)
4149 return log_unit_error_errno(u
, r
, "Failed to connect socket for %s: %m", of
->path
);
4154 return log_unit_error_errno(u
, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPROTOTYPE
), "Failed to connect socket for \"%s\".", of
->path
);
4157 static int get_open_file_fd(Unit
*u
, const OpenFile
*of
) {
4159 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
, ofd
= -EBADF
;
4164 ofd
= open(of
->path
, O_PATH
| O_CLOEXEC
);
4166 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Could not open \"%s\": %m", of
->path
);
4167 if (fstat(ofd
, &st
) < 0)
4168 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to stat %s: %m", of
->path
);
4170 if (S_ISSOCK(st
.st_mode
)) {
4171 fd
= connect_unix_harder(u
, of
, ofd
);
4175 if (FLAGS_SET(of
->flags
, OPENFILE_READ_ONLY
) && shutdown(fd
, SHUT_WR
) < 0)
4176 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to shutdown send for socket %s: %m", of
->path
);
4178 log_unit_debug(u
, "socket %s opened (fd=%d)", of
->path
, fd
);
4180 int flags
= FLAGS_SET(of
->flags
, OPENFILE_READ_ONLY
) ? O_RDONLY
: O_RDWR
;
4181 if (FLAGS_SET(of
->flags
, OPENFILE_APPEND
))
4183 else if (FLAGS_SET(of
->flags
, OPENFILE_TRUNCATE
))
4186 fd
= fd_reopen(ofd
, flags
| O_CLOEXEC
);
4188 return log_unit_error_errno(u
, fd
, "Failed to open file %s: %m", of
->path
);
4190 log_unit_debug(u
, "file %s opened (fd=%d)", of
->path
, fd
);
4196 static int collect_open_file_fds(
4198 OpenFile
* open_files
,
4209 LIST_FOREACH(open_files
, of
, open_files
) {
4210 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
;
4212 fd
= get_open_file_fd(u
, of
);
4214 if (FLAGS_SET(of
->flags
, OPENFILE_GRACEFUL
)) {
4215 log_unit_debug_errno(u
, fd
, "Failed to get OpenFile= file descriptor for %s, ignoring: %m", of
->path
);
4222 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(*fds
, *n_fds
+ 1))
4225 r
= strv_extend(fdnames
, of
->fdname
);
4229 (*fds
)[*n_fds
] = TAKE_FD(fd
);
4237 static int exec_child(
4239 const ExecCommand
*command
,
4240 const ExecContext
*context
,
4241 const ExecParameters
*params
,
4242 ExecRuntime
*runtime
,
4243 DynamicCreds
*dcreds
,
4245 const int named_iofds
[static 3],
4247 size_t n_socket_fds
,
4248 size_t n_storage_fds
,
4253 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **our_env
= NULL
, **pass_env
= NULL
, **joined_exec_search_path
= NULL
, **accum_env
= NULL
, **replaced_argv
= NULL
;
4254 int r
, ngids
= 0, exec_fd
;
4255 _cleanup_free_ gid_t
*supplementary_gids
= NULL
;
4256 const char *username
= NULL
, *groupname
= NULL
;
4257 _cleanup_free_
char *home_buffer
= NULL
;
4258 const char *home
= NULL
, *shell
= NULL
;
4259 char **final_argv
= NULL
;
4260 dev_t journal_stream_dev
= 0;
4261 ino_t journal_stream_ino
= 0;
4262 bool userns_set_up
= false;
4263 bool needs_sandboxing
, /* Do we need to set up full sandboxing? (i.e. all namespacing, all MAC stuff, caps, yadda yadda */
4264 needs_setuid
, /* Do we need to do the actual setresuid()/setresgid() calls? */
4265 needs_mount_namespace
, /* Do we need to set up a mount namespace for this kernel? */
4266 needs_ambient_hack
; /* Do we need to apply the ambient capabilities hack? */
4268 _cleanup_free_
char *mac_selinux_context_net
= NULL
;
4269 bool use_selinux
= false;
4272 bool use_smack
= false;
4275 bool use_apparmor
= false;
4277 uid_t saved_uid
= getuid();
4278 gid_t saved_gid
= getgid();
4279 uid_t uid
= UID_INVALID
;
4280 gid_t gid
= GID_INVALID
;
4281 size_t n_fds
= n_socket_fds
+ n_storage_fds
, /* fds to pass to the child */
4282 n_keep_fds
; /* total number of fds not to close */
4284 _cleanup_free_ gid_t
*gids_after_pam
= NULL
;
4285 int ngids_after_pam
= 0;
4286 _cleanup_free_
int *fds
= NULL
;
4287 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **fdnames
= NULL
;
4293 assert(exit_status
);
4295 /* Explicitly test for CVE-2021-4034 inspired invocations */
4296 assert(command
->path
);
4297 assert(!strv_isempty(command
->argv
));
4299 rename_process_from_path(command
->path
);
4301 /* We reset exactly these signals, since they are the only ones we set to SIG_IGN in the main
4302 * daemon. All others we leave untouched because we set them to SIG_DFL or a valid handler initially,
4303 * both of which will be demoted to SIG_DFL. */
4304 (void) default_signals(SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER
,
4307 if (context
->ignore_sigpipe
)
4308 (void) ignore_signals(SIGPIPE
);
4310 r
= reset_signal_mask();
4312 *exit_status
= EXIT_SIGNAL_MASK
;
4313 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set process signal mask: %m");
4316 if (params
->idle_pipe
)
4317 do_idle_pipe_dance(params
->idle_pipe
);
4319 /* Close fds we don't need very early to make sure we don't block init reexecution because it cannot bind its
4320 * sockets. Among the fds we close are the logging fds, and we want to keep them closed, so that we don't have
4321 * any fds open we don't really want open during the transition. In order to make logging work, we switch the
4322 * log subsystem into open_when_needed mode, so that it reopens the logs on every single log call. */
4325 log_set_open_when_needed(true);
4327 /* In case anything used libc syslog(), close this here, too */
4330 fds
= newdup(int, params_fds
, n_fds
);
4332 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
4336 fdnames
= strv_copy((char**) params
->fd_names
);
4338 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
4342 r
= collect_open_file_fds(unit
, params
->open_files
, &fds
, &fdnames
, &n_fds
);
4344 *exit_status
= EXIT_FDS
;
4345 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to get OpenFile= file descriptors: %m");
4348 int keep_fds
[n_fds
+ 3];
4349 memcpy_safe(keep_fds
, fds
, n_fds
* sizeof(int));
4352 r
= add_shifted_fd(keep_fds
, ELEMENTSOF(keep_fds
), &n_keep_fds
, params
->exec_fd
, &exec_fd
);
4354 *exit_status
= EXIT_FDS
;
4355 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to shift fd and set FD_CLOEXEC: %m");
4359 if (unit
->manager
->restrict_fs
) {
4360 int bpf_map_fd
= lsm_bpf_map_restrict_fs_fd(unit
);
4361 if (bpf_map_fd
< 0) {
4362 *exit_status
= EXIT_FDS
;
4363 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, bpf_map_fd
, "Failed to get restrict filesystems BPF map fd: %m");
4366 r
= add_shifted_fd(keep_fds
, ELEMENTSOF(keep_fds
), &n_keep_fds
, bpf_map_fd
, &bpf_map_fd
);
4368 *exit_status
= EXIT_FDS
;
4369 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to shift fd and set FD_CLOEXEC: %m");
4374 r
= close_remaining_fds(params
, runtime
, dcreds
, user_lookup_fd
, socket_fd
, keep_fds
, n_keep_fds
);
4376 *exit_status
= EXIT_FDS
;
4377 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to close unwanted file descriptors: %m");
4380 if (!context
->same_pgrp
&&
4382 *exit_status
= EXIT_SETSID
;
4383 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to create new process session: %m");
4386 exec_context_tty_reset(context
, params
);
4388 if (unit_shall_confirm_spawn(unit
)) {
4389 _cleanup_free_
char *cmdline
= NULL
;
4391 cmdline
= quote_command_line(command
->argv
, SHELL_ESCAPE_EMPTY
);
4393 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
4397 r
= ask_for_confirmation(context
, params
->confirm_spawn
, unit
, cmdline
);
4398 if (r
!= CONFIRM_EXECUTE
) {
4399 if (r
== CONFIRM_PRETEND_SUCCESS
) {
4400 *exit_status
= EXIT_SUCCESS
;
4403 *exit_status
= EXIT_CONFIRM
;
4404 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ECANCELED
),
4405 "Execution cancelled by the user");
4409 /* We are about to invoke NSS and PAM modules. Let's tell them what we are doing here, maybe they care. This is
4410 * used by nss-resolve to disable itself when we are about to start systemd-resolved, to avoid deadlocks. Note
4411 * that these env vars do not survive the execve(), which means they really only apply to the PAM and NSS
4412 * invocations themselves. Also note that while we'll only invoke NSS modules involved in user management they
4413 * might internally call into other NSS modules that are involved in hostname resolution, we never know. */
4414 if (setenv("SYSTEMD_ACTIVATION_UNIT", unit
->id
, true) != 0 ||
4415 setenv("SYSTEMD_ACTIVATION_SCOPE", MANAGER_IS_SYSTEM(unit
->manager
) ? "system" : "user", true) != 0) {
4416 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
4417 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to update environment: %m");
4420 if (context
->dynamic_user
&& dcreds
) {
4421 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **suggested_paths
= NULL
;
4423 /* On top of that, make sure we bypass our own NSS module nss-systemd comprehensively for any NSS
4424 * checks, if DynamicUser=1 is used, as we shouldn't create a feedback loop with ourselves here. */
4425 if (putenv((char*) "SYSTEMD_NSS_DYNAMIC_BYPASS=1") != 0) {
4426 *exit_status
= EXIT_USER
;
4427 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to update environment: %m");
4430 r
= compile_suggested_paths(context
, params
, &suggested_paths
);
4432 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
4436 r
= dynamic_creds_realize(dcreds
, suggested_paths
, &uid
, &gid
);
4438 *exit_status
= EXIT_USER
;
4440 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
),
4441 "Failed to update dynamic user credentials: User or group with specified name already exists.");
4442 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to update dynamic user credentials: %m");
4445 if (!uid_is_valid(uid
)) {
4446 *exit_status
= EXIT_USER
;
4447 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "UID validation failed for \""UID_FMT
"\"", uid
);
4450 if (!gid_is_valid(gid
)) {
4451 *exit_status
= EXIT_USER
;
4452 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "GID validation failed for \""GID_FMT
"\"", gid
);
4456 username
= dcreds
->user
->name
;
4459 r
= get_fixed_user(context
, &username
, &uid
, &gid
, &home
, &shell
);
4461 *exit_status
= EXIT_USER
;
4462 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to determine user credentials: %m");
4465 r
= get_fixed_group(context
, &groupname
, &gid
);
4467 *exit_status
= EXIT_GROUP
;
4468 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to determine group credentials: %m");
4472 /* Initialize user supplementary groups and get SupplementaryGroups= ones */
4473 r
= get_supplementary_groups(context
, username
, groupname
, gid
,
4474 &supplementary_gids
, &ngids
);
4476 *exit_status
= EXIT_GROUP
;
4477 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to determine supplementary groups: %m");
4480 r
= send_user_lookup(unit
, user_lookup_fd
, uid
, gid
);
4482 *exit_status
= EXIT_USER
;
4483 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to send user credentials to PID1: %m");
4486 user_lookup_fd
= safe_close(user_lookup_fd
);
4488 r
= acquire_home(context
, uid
, &home
, &home_buffer
);
4490 *exit_status
= EXIT_CHDIR
;
4491 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to determine $HOME for user: %m");
4494 /* If a socket is connected to STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR, we
4495 * must sure to drop O_NONBLOCK */
4497 (void) fd_nonblock(socket_fd
, false);
4499 /* Journald will try to look-up our cgroup in order to populate _SYSTEMD_CGROUP and _SYSTEMD_UNIT fields.
4500 * Hence we need to migrate to the target cgroup from init.scope before connecting to journald */
4501 if (params
->cgroup_path
) {
4502 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
4504 r
= exec_parameters_get_cgroup_path(params
, &p
);
4506 *exit_status
= EXIT_CGROUP
;
4507 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to acquire cgroup path: %m");
4510 r
= cg_attach_everywhere(params
->cgroup_supported
, p
, 0, NULL
, NULL
);
4511 if (r
== -EUCLEAN
) {
4512 *exit_status
= EXIT_CGROUP
;
4513 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to attach process to cgroup %s "
4514 "because the cgroup or one of its parents or "
4515 "siblings is in the threaded mode: %m", p
);
4518 *exit_status
= EXIT_CGROUP
;
4519 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to attach to cgroup %s: %m", p
);
4523 if (context
->network_namespace_path
&& runtime
&& runtime
->netns_storage_socket
[0] >= 0) {
4524 r
= open_shareable_ns_path(runtime
->netns_storage_socket
, context
->network_namespace_path
, CLONE_NEWNET
);
4526 *exit_status
= EXIT_NETWORK
;
4527 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to open network namespace path %s: %m", context
->network_namespace_path
);
4531 if (context
->ipc_namespace_path
&& runtime
&& runtime
->ipcns_storage_socket
[0] >= 0) {
4532 r
= open_shareable_ns_path(runtime
->ipcns_storage_socket
, context
->ipc_namespace_path
, CLONE_NEWIPC
);
4534 *exit_status
= EXIT_NAMESPACE
;
4535 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to open IPC namespace path %s: %m", context
->ipc_namespace_path
);
4539 r
= setup_input(context
, params
, socket_fd
, named_iofds
);
4541 *exit_status
= EXIT_STDIN
;
4542 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up standard input: %m");
4545 r
= setup_output(unit
, context
, params
, STDOUT_FILENO
, socket_fd
, named_iofds
, basename(command
->path
), uid
, gid
, &journal_stream_dev
, &journal_stream_ino
);
4547 *exit_status
= EXIT_STDOUT
;
4548 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up standard output: %m");
4551 r
= setup_output(unit
, context
, params
, STDERR_FILENO
, socket_fd
, named_iofds
, basename(command
->path
), uid
, gid
, &journal_stream_dev
, &journal_stream_ino
);
4553 *exit_status
= EXIT_STDERR
;
4554 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up standard error output: %m");
4557 if (context
->oom_score_adjust_set
) {
4558 /* When we can't make this change due to EPERM, then let's silently skip over it. User namespaces
4559 * prohibit write access to this file, and we shouldn't trip up over that. */
4560 r
= set_oom_score_adjust(context
->oom_score_adjust
);
4561 if (ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(r
))
4562 log_unit_debug_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to adjust OOM setting, assuming containerized execution, ignoring: %m");
4564 *exit_status
= EXIT_OOM_ADJUST
;
4565 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to adjust OOM setting: %m");
4569 if (context
->coredump_filter_set
) {
4570 r
= set_coredump_filter(context
->coredump_filter
);
4571 if (ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(r
))
4572 log_unit_debug_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to adjust coredump_filter, ignoring: %m");
4574 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to adjust coredump_filter: %m");
4577 if (context
->nice_set
) {
4578 r
= setpriority_closest(context
->nice
);
4580 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up process scheduling priority (nice level): %m");
4583 if (context
->cpu_sched_set
) {
4584 struct sched_param param
= {
4585 .sched_priority
= context
->cpu_sched_priority
,
4588 r
= sched_setscheduler(0,
4589 context
->cpu_sched_policy
|
4590 (context
->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork
?
4591 SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK
: 0),
4594 *exit_status
= EXIT_SETSCHEDULER
;
4595 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to set up CPU scheduling: %m");
4599 if (context
->cpu_affinity_from_numa
|| context
->cpu_set
.set
) {
4600 _cleanup_(cpu_set_reset
) CPUSet converted_cpu_set
= {};
4601 const CPUSet
*cpu_set
;
4603 if (context
->cpu_affinity_from_numa
) {
4604 r
= exec_context_cpu_affinity_from_numa(context
, &converted_cpu_set
);
4606 *exit_status
= EXIT_CPUAFFINITY
;
4607 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to derive CPU affinity mask from NUMA mask: %m");
4610 cpu_set
= &converted_cpu_set
;
4612 cpu_set
= &context
->cpu_set
;
4614 if (sched_setaffinity(0, cpu_set
->allocated
, cpu_set
->set
) < 0) {
4615 *exit_status
= EXIT_CPUAFFINITY
;
4616 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to set up CPU affinity: %m");
4620 if (mpol_is_valid(numa_policy_get_type(&context
->numa_policy
))) {
4621 r
= apply_numa_policy(&context
->numa_policy
);
4622 if (r
== -EOPNOTSUPP
)
4623 log_unit_debug_errno(unit
, r
, "NUMA support not available, ignoring.");
4625 *exit_status
= EXIT_NUMA_POLICY
;
4626 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set NUMA memory policy: %m");
4630 if (context
->ioprio_set
)
4631 if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS
, 0, context
->ioprio
) < 0) {
4632 *exit_status
= EXIT_IOPRIO
;
4633 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to set up IO scheduling priority: %m");
4636 if (context
->timer_slack_nsec
!= NSEC_INFINITY
)
4637 if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK
, context
->timer_slack_nsec
) < 0) {
4638 *exit_status
= EXIT_TIMERSLACK
;
4639 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to set up timer slack: %m");
4642 if (context
->personality
!= PERSONALITY_INVALID
) {
4643 r
= safe_personality(context
->personality
);
4645 *exit_status
= EXIT_PERSONALITY
;
4646 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up execution domain (personality): %m");
4650 if (context
->utmp_id
) {
4651 const char *line
= context
->tty_path
?
4652 (path_startswith(context
->tty_path
, "/dev/") ?: context
->tty_path
) :
4654 utmp_put_init_process(context
->utmp_id
, getpid_cached(), getsid(0),
4656 context
->utmp_mode
== EXEC_UTMP_INIT
? INIT_PROCESS
:
4657 context
->utmp_mode
== EXEC_UTMP_LOGIN
? LOGIN_PROCESS
:
4662 if (uid_is_valid(uid
)) {
4663 r
= chown_terminal(STDIN_FILENO
, uid
);
4665 *exit_status
= EXIT_STDIN
;
4666 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to change ownership of terminal: %m");
4670 /* If delegation is enabled we'll pass ownership of the cgroup to the user of the new process. On cgroup v1
4671 * this is only about systemd's own hierarchy, i.e. not the controller hierarchies, simply because that's not
4672 * safe. On cgroup v2 there's only one hierarchy anyway, and delegation is safe there, hence in that case only
4673 * touch a single hierarchy too. */
4674 if (params
->cgroup_path
&& context
->user
&& (params
->flags
& EXEC_CGROUP_DELEGATE
)) {
4675 r
= cg_set_access(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER
, params
->cgroup_path
, uid
, gid
);
4677 *exit_status
= EXIT_CGROUP
;
4678 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to adjust control group access: %m");
4682 needs_mount_namespace
= exec_needs_mount_namespace(context
, params
, runtime
);
4684 for (ExecDirectoryType dt
= 0; dt
< _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
; dt
++) {
4685 r
= setup_exec_directory(context
, params
, uid
, gid
, dt
, needs_mount_namespace
, exit_status
);
4687 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up special execution directory in %s: %m", params
->prefix
[dt
]);
4690 if (FLAGS_SET(params
->flags
, EXEC_WRITE_CREDENTIALS
)) {
4691 r
= setup_credentials(context
, params
, unit
->id
, uid
);
4693 *exit_status
= EXIT_CREDENTIALS
;
4694 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up credentials: %m");
4698 r
= build_environment(
4711 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
4715 r
= build_pass_environment(context
, &pass_env
);
4717 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
4721 /* The $PATH variable is set to the default path in params->environment. However, this is overridden
4722 * if user-specified fields have $PATH set. The intention is to also override $PATH if the unit does
4723 * not specify PATH but the unit has ExecSearchPath. */
4724 if (!strv_isempty(context
->exec_search_path
)) {
4725 _cleanup_free_
char *joined
= NULL
;
4727 joined
= strv_join(context
->exec_search_path
, ":");
4729 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
4733 r
= strv_env_assign(&joined_exec_search_path
, "PATH", joined
);
4735 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
4740 accum_env
= strv_env_merge(params
->environment
,
4742 joined_exec_search_path
,
4744 context
->environment
,
4747 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
4750 accum_env
= strv_env_clean(accum_env
);
4752 (void) umask(context
->umask
);
4754 r
= setup_keyring(unit
, context
, params
, uid
, gid
);
4756 *exit_status
= EXIT_KEYRING
;
4757 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up kernel keyring: %m");
4760 /* We need sandboxing if the caller asked us to apply it and the command isn't explicitly excepted
4762 needs_sandboxing
= (params
->flags
& EXEC_APPLY_SANDBOXING
) && !(command
->flags
& EXEC_COMMAND_FULLY_PRIVILEGED
);
4764 /* We need the ambient capability hack, if the caller asked us to apply it and the command is marked
4765 * for it, and the kernel doesn't actually support ambient caps. */
4766 needs_ambient_hack
= (params
->flags
& EXEC_APPLY_SANDBOXING
) && (command
->flags
& EXEC_COMMAND_AMBIENT_MAGIC
) && !ambient_capabilities_supported();
4768 /* We need setresuid() if the caller asked us to apply sandboxing and the command isn't explicitly
4769 * excepted from either whole sandboxing or just setresuid() itself, and the ambient hack is not
4771 if (needs_ambient_hack
)
4772 needs_setuid
= false;
4774 needs_setuid
= (params
->flags
& EXEC_APPLY_SANDBOXING
) && !(command
->flags
& (EXEC_COMMAND_FULLY_PRIVILEGED
|EXEC_COMMAND_NO_SETUID
));
4776 if (needs_sandboxing
) {
4777 /* MAC enablement checks need to be done before a new mount ns is created, as they rely on
4778 * /sys being present. The actual MAC context application will happen later, as late as
4779 * possible, to avoid impacting our own code paths. */
4782 use_selinux
= mac_selinux_use();
4785 use_smack
= mac_smack_use();
4788 use_apparmor
= mac_apparmor_use();
4792 if (needs_sandboxing
) {
4795 /* Let's set the resource limits before we call into PAM, so that pam_limits wins over what
4796 * is set here. (See below.) */
4798 r
= setrlimit_closest_all((const struct rlimit
* const *) context
->rlimit
, &which_failed
);
4800 *exit_status
= EXIT_LIMITS
;
4801 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to adjust resource limit RLIMIT_%s: %m", rlimit_to_string(which_failed
));
4805 if (needs_setuid
&& context
->pam_name
&& username
) {
4806 /* Let's call into PAM after we set up our own idea of resource limits to that pam_limits
4807 * wins here. (See above.) */
4809 /* All fds passed in the fds array will be closed in the pam child process. */
4810 r
= setup_pam(context
->pam_name
, username
, uid
, gid
, context
->tty_path
, &accum_env
, fds
, n_fds
);
4812 *exit_status
= EXIT_PAM
;
4813 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up PAM session: %m");
4816 ngids_after_pam
= getgroups_alloc(&gids_after_pam
);
4817 if (ngids_after_pam
< 0) {
4818 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
4819 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, ngids_after_pam
, "Failed to obtain groups after setting up PAM: %m");
4823 if (needs_sandboxing
&& context
->private_users
&& have_effective_cap(CAP_SYS_ADMIN
) <= 0) {
4824 /* If we're unprivileged, set up the user namespace first to enable use of the other namespaces.
4825 * Users with CAP_SYS_ADMIN can set up user namespaces last because they will be able to
4826 * set up the all of the other namespaces (i.e. network, mount, UTS) without a user namespace. */
4828 userns_set_up
= true;
4829 r
= setup_private_users(saved_uid
, saved_gid
, uid
, gid
);
4831 *exit_status
= EXIT_USER
;
4832 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up user namespacing for unprivileged user: %m");
4836 if (exec_needs_network_namespace(context
) && runtime
&& runtime
->netns_storage_socket
[0] >= 0) {
4838 if (ns_type_supported(NAMESPACE_NET
)) {
4839 r
= setup_shareable_ns(runtime
->netns_storage_socket
, CLONE_NEWNET
);
4841 log_unit_warning_errno(unit
, r
,
4842 "PrivateNetwork=yes is configured, but network namespace setup failed, ignoring: %m");
4844 *exit_status
= EXIT_NETWORK
;
4845 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up network namespacing: %m");
4847 } else if (context
->network_namespace_path
) {
4848 *exit_status
= EXIT_NETWORK
;
4849 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
),
4850 "NetworkNamespacePath= is not supported, refusing.");
4852 log_unit_warning(unit
, "PrivateNetwork=yes is configured, but the kernel does not support network namespaces, ignoring.");
4855 if (exec_needs_ipc_namespace(context
) && runtime
&& runtime
->ipcns_storage_socket
[0] >= 0) {
4857 if (ns_type_supported(NAMESPACE_IPC
)) {
4858 r
= setup_shareable_ns(runtime
->ipcns_storage_socket
, CLONE_NEWIPC
);
4860 log_unit_warning_errno(unit
, r
,
4861 "PrivateIPC=yes is configured, but IPC namespace setup failed, ignoring: %m");
4863 *exit_status
= EXIT_NAMESPACE
;
4864 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up IPC namespacing: %m");
4866 } else if (context
->ipc_namespace_path
) {
4867 *exit_status
= EXIT_NAMESPACE
;
4868 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
),
4869 "IPCNamespacePath= is not supported, refusing.");
4871 log_unit_warning(unit
, "PrivateIPC=yes is configured, but the kernel does not support IPC namespaces, ignoring.");
4874 if (needs_mount_namespace
) {
4875 _cleanup_free_
char *error_path
= NULL
;
4877 r
= apply_mount_namespace(unit
, command
->flags
, context
, params
, runtime
, &error_path
);
4879 *exit_status
= EXIT_NAMESPACE
;
4880 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up mount namespacing%s%s: %m",
4881 error_path
? ": " : "", strempty(error_path
));
4885 if (needs_sandboxing
) {
4886 r
= apply_protect_hostname(unit
, context
, exit_status
);
4891 /* Drop groups as early as possible.
4892 * This needs to be done after PrivateDevices=y setup as device nodes should be owned by the host's root.
4893 * For non-root in a userns, devices will be owned by the user/group before the group change, and nobody. */
4895 _cleanup_free_ gid_t
*gids_to_enforce
= NULL
;
4896 int ngids_to_enforce
= 0;
4898 ngids_to_enforce
= merge_gid_lists(supplementary_gids
,
4903 if (ngids_to_enforce
< 0) {
4904 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
4905 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
,
4907 "Failed to merge group lists. Group membership might be incorrect: %m");
4910 r
= enforce_groups(gid
, gids_to_enforce
, ngids_to_enforce
);
4912 *exit_status
= EXIT_GROUP
;
4913 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Changing group credentials failed: %m");
4917 /* If the user namespace was not set up above, try to do it now.
4918 * It's preferred to set up the user namespace later (after all other namespaces) so as not to be
4919 * restricted by rules pertaining to combining user namespaces with other namespaces (e.g. in the
4920 * case of mount namespaces being less privileged when the mount point list is copied from a
4921 * different user namespace). */
4923 if (needs_sandboxing
&& context
->private_users
&& !userns_set_up
) {
4924 r
= setup_private_users(saved_uid
, saved_gid
, uid
, gid
);
4926 *exit_status
= EXIT_USER
;
4927 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up user namespacing: %m");
4931 /* Now that the mount namespace has been set up and privileges adjusted, let's look for the thing we
4934 _cleanup_free_
char *executable
= NULL
;
4935 _cleanup_close_
int executable_fd
= -EBADF
;
4936 r
= find_executable_full(command
->path
, /* root= */ NULL
, context
->exec_search_path
, false, &executable
, &executable_fd
);
4938 if (r
!= -ENOMEM
&& (command
->flags
& EXEC_COMMAND_IGNORE_FAILURE
)) {
4939 log_unit_struct_errno(unit
, LOG_INFO
, r
,
4940 "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_SPAWN_FAILED_STR
,
4941 LOG_UNIT_INVOCATION_ID(unit
),
4942 LOG_UNIT_MESSAGE(unit
, "Executable %s missing, skipping: %m",
4944 "EXECUTABLE=%s", command
->path
);
4948 *exit_status
= EXIT_EXEC
;
4950 return log_unit_struct_errno(unit
, LOG_INFO
, r
,
4951 "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_SPAWN_FAILED_STR
,
4952 LOG_UNIT_INVOCATION_ID(unit
),
4953 LOG_UNIT_MESSAGE(unit
, "Failed to locate executable %s: %m",
4955 "EXECUTABLE=%s", command
->path
);
4958 r
= add_shifted_fd(keep_fds
, ELEMENTSOF(keep_fds
), &n_keep_fds
, executable_fd
, &executable_fd
);
4960 *exit_status
= EXIT_FDS
;
4961 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to shift fd and set FD_CLOEXEC: %m");
4965 if (needs_sandboxing
&& use_selinux
&& params
->selinux_context_net
) {
4970 else if (params
->n_socket_fds
== 1)
4971 /* If stdin is not connected to a socket but we are triggered by exactly one socket unit then we
4972 * use context from that fd to compute the label. */
4973 fd
= params
->fds
[0];
4976 r
= mac_selinux_get_child_mls_label(fd
, executable
, context
->selinux_context
, &mac_selinux_context_net
);
4978 if (!context
->selinux_context_ignore
) {
4979 *exit_status
= EXIT_SELINUX_CONTEXT
;
4980 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to determine SELinux context: %m");
4982 log_unit_debug_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to determine SELinux context, ignoring: %m");
4988 /* We repeat the fd closing here, to make sure that nothing is leaked from the PAM modules. Note that we are
4989 * more aggressive this time since socket_fd and the netns and ipcns fds we don't need anymore. We do keep the exec_fd
4990 * however if we have it as we want to keep it open until the final execve(). */
4992 r
= close_all_fds(keep_fds
, n_keep_fds
);
4994 r
= shift_fds(fds
, n_fds
);
4996 r
= flags_fds(fds
, n_socket_fds
, n_fds
, context
->non_blocking
);
4998 *exit_status
= EXIT_FDS
;
4999 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to adjust passed file descriptors: %m");
5002 /* At this point, the fds we want to pass to the program are all ready and set up, with O_CLOEXEC turned off
5003 * and at the right fd numbers. The are no other fds open, with one exception: the exec_fd if it is defined,
5004 * and it has O_CLOEXEC set, after all we want it to be closed by the execve(), so that our parent knows we
5007 secure_bits
= context
->secure_bits
;
5009 if (needs_sandboxing
) {
5012 /* Set the RTPRIO resource limit to 0, but only if nothing else was explicitly
5013 * requested. (Note this is placed after the general resource limit initialization, see
5014 * above, in order to take precedence.) */
5015 if (context
->restrict_realtime
&& !context
->rlimit
[RLIMIT_RTPRIO
]) {
5016 if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_RTPRIO
, &RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(0)) < 0) {
5017 *exit_status
= EXIT_LIMITS
;
5018 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to adjust RLIMIT_RTPRIO resource limit: %m");
5023 /* LSM Smack needs the capability CAP_MAC_ADMIN to change the current execution security context of the
5024 * process. This is the latest place before dropping capabilities. Other MAC context are set later. */
5026 r
= setup_smack(unit
->manager
, context
, executable_fd
);
5027 if (r
< 0 && !context
->smack_process_label_ignore
) {
5028 *exit_status
= EXIT_SMACK_PROCESS_LABEL
;
5029 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set SMACK process label: %m");
5034 bset
= context
->capability_bounding_set
;
5035 /* If the ambient caps hack is enabled (which means the kernel can't do them, and the user asked for
5036 * our magic fallback), then let's add some extra caps, so that the service can drop privs of its own,
5037 * instead of us doing that */
5038 if (needs_ambient_hack
)
5039 bset
|= (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SETPCAP
) |
5040 (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SETUID
) |
5041 (UINT64_C(1) << CAP_SETGID
);
5043 if (!cap_test_all(bset
)) {
5044 r
= capability_bounding_set_drop(bset
, false);
5046 *exit_status
= EXIT_CAPABILITIES
;
5047 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to drop capabilities: %m");
5051 /* Ambient capabilities are cleared during setresuid() (in enforce_user()) even with
5054 * To be able to raise the ambient capabilities after setresuid() they have to be added to
5055 * the inherited set and keep caps has to be set (done in enforce_user()). After setresuid()
5056 * the ambient capabilities can be raised as they are present in the permitted and
5057 * inhertiable set. However it is possible that someone wants to set ambient capabilities
5058 * without changing the user, so we also set the ambient capabilities here.
5060 * The requested ambient capabilities are raised in the inheritable set if the second
5061 * argument is true. */
5062 if (!needs_ambient_hack
) {
5063 r
= capability_ambient_set_apply(context
->capability_ambient_set
, true);
5065 *exit_status
= EXIT_CAPABILITIES
;
5066 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to apply ambient capabilities (before UID change): %m");
5071 /* chroot to root directory first, before we lose the ability to chroot */
5072 r
= apply_root_directory(context
, params
, needs_mount_namespace
, exit_status
);
5074 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Chrooting to the requested root directory failed: %m");
5077 if (uid_is_valid(uid
)) {
5078 r
= enforce_user(context
, uid
);
5080 *exit_status
= EXIT_USER
;
5081 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to change UID to " UID_FMT
": %m", uid
);
5084 if (!needs_ambient_hack
&&
5085 context
->capability_ambient_set
!= 0) {
5087 /* Raise the ambient capabilities after user change. */
5088 r
= capability_ambient_set_apply(context
->capability_ambient_set
, false);
5090 *exit_status
= EXIT_CAPABILITIES
;
5091 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to apply ambient capabilities (after UID change): %m");
5097 /* Apply working directory here, because the working directory might be on NFS and only the user running
5098 * this service might have the correct privilege to change to the working directory */
5099 r
= apply_working_directory(context
, params
, home
, exit_status
);
5101 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Changing to the requested working directory failed: %m");
5103 if (needs_sandboxing
) {
5104 /* Apply other MAC contexts late, but before seccomp syscall filtering, as those should really be last to
5105 * influence our own codepaths as little as possible. Moreover, applying MAC contexts usually requires
5106 * syscalls that are subject to seccomp filtering, hence should probably be applied before the syscalls
5107 * are restricted. */
5111 char *exec_context
= mac_selinux_context_net
?: context
->selinux_context
;
5114 r
= setexeccon(exec_context
);
5116 if (!context
->selinux_context_ignore
) {
5117 *exit_status
= EXIT_SELINUX_CONTEXT
;
5118 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to change SELinux context to %s: %m", exec_context
);
5120 log_unit_debug_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to change SELinux context to %s, ignoring: %m", exec_context
);
5127 if (use_apparmor
&& context
->apparmor_profile
) {
5128 r
= aa_change_onexec(context
->apparmor_profile
);
5129 if (r
< 0 && !context
->apparmor_profile_ignore
) {
5130 *exit_status
= EXIT_APPARMOR_PROFILE
;
5131 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to prepare AppArmor profile change to %s: %m", context
->apparmor_profile
);
5136 /* PR_GET_SECUREBITS is not privileged, while PR_SET_SECUREBITS is. So to suppress potential
5137 * EPERMs we'll try not to call PR_SET_SECUREBITS unless necessary. Setting securebits
5138 * requires CAP_SETPCAP. */
5139 if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS
) != secure_bits
) {
5140 /* CAP_SETPCAP is required to set securebits. This capability is raised into the
5141 * effective set here.
5143 * The effective set is overwritten during execve() with the following values:
5145 * - ambient set (for non-root processes)
5147 * - (inheritable | bounding) set for root processes)
5149 * Hence there is no security impact to raise it in the effective set before execve
5151 r
= capability_gain_cap_setpcap(/* return_caps= */ NULL
);
5153 *exit_status
= EXIT_CAPABILITIES
;
5154 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to gain CAP_SETPCAP for setting secure bits");
5156 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS
, secure_bits
) < 0) {
5157 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECUREBITS
;
5158 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to set process secure bits: %m");
5162 if (context_has_no_new_privileges(context
))
5163 if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0) {
5164 *exit_status
= EXIT_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
;
5165 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to disable new privileges: %m");
5169 r
= apply_address_families(unit
, context
);
5171 *exit_status
= EXIT_ADDRESS_FAMILIES
;
5172 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to restrict address families: %m");
5175 r
= apply_memory_deny_write_execute(unit
, context
);
5177 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
5178 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to disable writing to executable memory: %m");
5181 r
= apply_restrict_realtime(unit
, context
);
5183 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
5184 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to apply realtime restrictions: %m");
5187 r
= apply_restrict_suid_sgid(unit
, context
);
5189 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
5190 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to apply SUID/SGID restrictions: %m");
5193 r
= apply_restrict_namespaces(unit
, context
);
5195 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
5196 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to apply namespace restrictions: %m");
5199 r
= apply_protect_sysctl(unit
, context
);
5201 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
5202 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to apply sysctl restrictions: %m");
5205 r
= apply_protect_kernel_modules(unit
, context
);
5207 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
5208 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to apply module loading restrictions: %m");
5211 r
= apply_protect_kernel_logs(unit
, context
);
5213 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
5214 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to apply kernel log restrictions: %m");
5217 r
= apply_protect_clock(unit
, context
);
5219 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
5220 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to apply clock restrictions: %m");
5223 r
= apply_private_devices(unit
, context
);
5225 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
5226 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to set up private devices: %m");
5229 r
= apply_syscall_archs(unit
, context
);
5231 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
5232 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to apply syscall architecture restrictions: %m");
5235 r
= apply_lock_personality(unit
, context
);
5237 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
5238 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to lock personalities: %m");
5241 r
= apply_syscall_log(unit
, context
);
5243 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
5244 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to apply system call log filters: %m");
5247 /* This really should remain the last step before the execve(), to make sure our own code is unaffected
5248 * by the filter as little as possible. */
5249 r
= apply_syscall_filter(unit
, context
, needs_ambient_hack
);
5251 *exit_status
= EXIT_SECCOMP
;
5252 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to apply system call filters: %m");
5257 r
= apply_restrict_filesystems(unit
, context
);
5259 *exit_status
= EXIT_BPF
;
5260 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to restrict filesystems: %m");
5266 if (!strv_isempty(context
->unset_environment
)) {
5269 ee
= strv_env_delete(accum_env
, 1, context
->unset_environment
);
5271 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
5275 strv_free_and_replace(accum_env
, ee
);
5278 if (!FLAGS_SET(command
->flags
, EXEC_COMMAND_NO_ENV_EXPAND
)) {
5279 replaced_argv
= replace_env_argv(command
->argv
, accum_env
);
5280 if (!replaced_argv
) {
5281 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
5284 final_argv
= replaced_argv
;
5286 final_argv
= command
->argv
;
5288 if (DEBUG_LOGGING
) {
5289 _cleanup_free_
char *line
= NULL
;
5291 line
= quote_command_line(final_argv
, SHELL_ESCAPE_EMPTY
);
5293 *exit_status
= EXIT_MEMORY
;
5297 log_unit_struct(unit
, LOG_DEBUG
,
5298 "EXECUTABLE=%s", executable
,
5299 LOG_UNIT_MESSAGE(unit
, "Executing: %s", line
));
5305 /* We have finished with all our initializations. Let's now let the manager know that. From this point
5306 * on, if the manager sees POLLHUP on the exec_fd, then execve() was successful. */
5308 if (write(exec_fd
, &hot
, sizeof(hot
)) < 0) {
5309 *exit_status
= EXIT_EXEC
;
5310 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to enable exec_fd: %m");
5314 r
= fexecve_or_execve(executable_fd
, executable
, final_argv
, accum_env
);
5319 /* The execve() failed. This means the exec_fd is still open. Which means we need to tell the manager
5320 * that POLLHUP on it no longer means execve() succeeded. */
5322 if (write(exec_fd
, &hot
, sizeof(hot
)) < 0) {
5323 *exit_status
= EXIT_EXEC
;
5324 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to disable exec_fd: %m");
5328 *exit_status
= EXIT_EXEC
;
5329 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to execute %s: %m", executable
);
5332 static int exec_context_load_environment(const Unit
*unit
, const ExecContext
*c
, char ***l
);
5333 static int exec_context_named_iofds(const ExecContext
*c
, const ExecParameters
*p
, int named_iofds
[static 3]);
5335 int exec_spawn(Unit
*unit
,
5336 ExecCommand
*command
,
5337 const ExecContext
*context
,
5338 const ExecParameters
*params
,
5339 ExecRuntime
*runtime
,
5340 DynamicCreds
*dcreds
,
5343 int socket_fd
, r
, named_iofds
[3] = { -1, -1, -1 }, *fds
= NULL
;
5344 _cleanup_free_
char *subcgroup_path
= NULL
;
5345 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **files_env
= NULL
;
5346 size_t n_storage_fds
= 0, n_socket_fds
= 0;
5347 _cleanup_free_
char *line
= NULL
;
5355 assert(params
->fds
|| (params
->n_socket_fds
+ params
->n_storage_fds
<= 0));
5357 if (context
->std_input
== EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET
||
5358 context
->std_output
== EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET
||
5359 context
->std_error
== EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET
) {
5361 if (params
->n_socket_fds
> 1)
5362 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Got more than one socket.");
5364 if (params
->n_socket_fds
== 0)
5365 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Got no socket.");
5367 socket_fd
= params
->fds
[0];
5371 n_socket_fds
= params
->n_socket_fds
;
5372 n_storage_fds
= params
->n_storage_fds
;
5375 r
= exec_context_named_iofds(context
, params
, named_iofds
);
5377 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to load a named file descriptor: %m");
5379 r
= exec_context_load_environment(unit
, context
, &files_env
);
5381 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to load environment files: %m");
5383 line
= quote_command_line(command
->argv
, SHELL_ESCAPE_EMPTY
);
5387 /* Fork with up-to-date SELinux label database, so the child inherits the up-to-date db
5388 and, until the next SELinux policy changes, we save further reloads in future children. */
5389 mac_selinux_maybe_reload();
5391 log_unit_struct(unit
, LOG_DEBUG
,
5392 LOG_UNIT_MESSAGE(unit
, "About to execute %s", line
),
5393 "EXECUTABLE=%s", command
->path
, /* We won't know the real executable path until we create
5394 the mount namespace in the child, but we want to log
5395 from the parent, so we need to use the (possibly
5396 inaccurate) path here. */
5397 LOG_UNIT_INVOCATION_ID(unit
));
5399 if (params
->cgroup_path
) {
5400 r
= exec_parameters_get_cgroup_path(params
, &subcgroup_path
);
5402 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to acquire subcgroup path: %m");
5403 if (r
> 0) { /* We are using a child cgroup */
5404 r
= cg_create(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER
, subcgroup_path
);
5406 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, r
, "Failed to create control group '%s': %m", subcgroup_path
);
5408 /* Normally we would not propagate the xattrs to children but since we created this
5409 * sub-cgroup internally we should do it. */
5410 cgroup_oomd_xattr_apply(unit
, subcgroup_path
);
5411 cgroup_log_xattr_apply(unit
, subcgroup_path
);
5417 return log_unit_error_errno(unit
, errno
, "Failed to fork: %m");
5420 int exit_status
= EXIT_SUCCESS
;
5422 r
= exec_child(unit
,
5434 unit
->manager
->user_lookup_fds
[1],
5438 const char *status
=
5439 exit_status_to_string(exit_status
,
5440 EXIT_STATUS_LIBC
| EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD
);
5442 log_unit_struct_errno(unit
, LOG_ERR
, r
,
5443 "MESSAGE_ID=" SD_MESSAGE_SPAWN_FAILED_STR
,
5444 LOG_UNIT_INVOCATION_ID(unit
),
5445 LOG_UNIT_MESSAGE(unit
, "Failed at step %s spawning %s: %m",
5446 status
, command
->path
),
5447 "EXECUTABLE=%s", command
->path
);
5453 log_unit_debug(unit
, "Forked %s as "PID_FMT
, command
->path
, pid
);
5455 /* We add the new process to the cgroup both in the child (so that we can be sure that no user code is ever
5456 * executed outside of the cgroup) and in the parent (so that we can be sure that when we kill the cgroup the
5457 * process will be killed too). */
5459 (void) cg_attach(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER
, subcgroup_path
, pid
);
5461 exec_status_start(&command
->exec_status
, pid
);
5467 void exec_context_init(ExecContext
*c
) {
5471 c
->ioprio
= IOPRIO_DEFAULT_CLASS_AND_PRIO
;
5472 c
->cpu_sched_policy
= SCHED_OTHER
;
5473 c
->syslog_priority
= LOG_DAEMON
|LOG_INFO
;
5474 c
->syslog_level_prefix
= true;
5475 c
->ignore_sigpipe
= true;
5476 c
->timer_slack_nsec
= NSEC_INFINITY
;
5477 c
->personality
= PERSONALITY_INVALID
;
5478 for (ExecDirectoryType t
= 0; t
< _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
; t
++)
5479 c
->directories
[t
].mode
= 0755;
5480 c
->timeout_clean_usec
= USEC_INFINITY
;
5481 c
->capability_bounding_set
= CAP_MASK_UNSET
;
5482 assert_cc(NAMESPACE_FLAGS_INITIAL
!= NAMESPACE_FLAGS_ALL
);
5483 c
->restrict_namespaces
= NAMESPACE_FLAGS_INITIAL
;
5484 c
->log_level_max
= -1;
5486 c
->syscall_errno
= SECCOMP_ERROR_NUMBER_KILL
;
5488 c
->tty_rows
= UINT_MAX
;
5489 c
->tty_cols
= UINT_MAX
;
5490 numa_policy_reset(&c
->numa_policy
);
5491 c
->private_mounts
= -1;
5494 void exec_context_done(ExecContext
*c
) {
5497 c
->environment
= strv_free(c
->environment
);
5498 c
->environment_files
= strv_free(c
->environment_files
);
5499 c
->pass_environment
= strv_free(c
->pass_environment
);
5500 c
->unset_environment
= strv_free(c
->unset_environment
);
5502 rlimit_free_all(c
->rlimit
);
5504 for (size_t l
= 0; l
< 3; l
++) {
5505 c
->stdio_fdname
[l
] = mfree(c
->stdio_fdname
[l
]);
5506 c
->stdio_file
[l
] = mfree(c
->stdio_file
[l
]);
5509 c
->working_directory
= mfree(c
->working_directory
);
5510 c
->root_directory
= mfree(c
->root_directory
);
5511 c
->root_image
= mfree(c
->root_image
);
5512 c
->root_image_options
= mount_options_free_all(c
->root_image_options
);
5513 c
->root_hash
= mfree(c
->root_hash
);
5514 c
->root_hash_size
= 0;
5515 c
->root_hash_path
= mfree(c
->root_hash_path
);
5516 c
->root_hash_sig
= mfree(c
->root_hash_sig
);
5517 c
->root_hash_sig_size
= 0;
5518 c
->root_hash_sig_path
= mfree(c
->root_hash_sig_path
);
5519 c
->root_verity
= mfree(c
->root_verity
);
5520 c
->extension_images
= mount_image_free_many(c
->extension_images
, &c
->n_extension_images
);
5521 c
->extension_directories
= strv_free(c
->extension_directories
);
5522 c
->tty_path
= mfree(c
->tty_path
);
5523 c
->syslog_identifier
= mfree(c
->syslog_identifier
);
5524 c
->user
= mfree(c
->user
);
5525 c
->group
= mfree(c
->group
);
5527 c
->supplementary_groups
= strv_free(c
->supplementary_groups
);
5529 c
->pam_name
= mfree(c
->pam_name
);
5531 c
->read_only_paths
= strv_free(c
->read_only_paths
);
5532 c
->read_write_paths
= strv_free(c
->read_write_paths
);
5533 c
->inaccessible_paths
= strv_free(c
->inaccessible_paths
);
5534 c
->exec_paths
= strv_free(c
->exec_paths
);
5535 c
->no_exec_paths
= strv_free(c
->no_exec_paths
);
5536 c
->exec_search_path
= strv_free(c
->exec_search_path
);
5538 bind_mount_free_many(c
->bind_mounts
, c
->n_bind_mounts
);
5539 c
->bind_mounts
= NULL
;
5540 c
->n_bind_mounts
= 0;
5541 temporary_filesystem_free_many(c
->temporary_filesystems
, c
->n_temporary_filesystems
);
5542 c
->temporary_filesystems
= NULL
;
5543 c
->n_temporary_filesystems
= 0;
5544 c
->mount_images
= mount_image_free_many(c
->mount_images
, &c
->n_mount_images
);
5546 cpu_set_reset(&c
->cpu_set
);
5547 numa_policy_reset(&c
->numa_policy
);
5549 c
->utmp_id
= mfree(c
->utmp_id
);
5550 c
->selinux_context
= mfree(c
->selinux_context
);
5551 c
->apparmor_profile
= mfree(c
->apparmor_profile
);
5552 c
->smack_process_label
= mfree(c
->smack_process_label
);
5554 c
->restrict_filesystems
= set_free(c
->restrict_filesystems
);
5556 c
->syscall_filter
= hashmap_free(c
->syscall_filter
);
5557 c
->syscall_archs
= set_free(c
->syscall_archs
);
5558 c
->address_families
= set_free(c
->address_families
);
5560 for (ExecDirectoryType t
= 0; t
< _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
; t
++)
5561 exec_directory_done(&c
->directories
[t
]);
5563 c
->log_level_max
= -1;
5565 exec_context_free_log_extra_fields(c
);
5566 c
->log_filter_allowed_patterns
= set_free(c
->log_filter_allowed_patterns
);
5567 c
->log_filter_denied_patterns
= set_free(c
->log_filter_denied_patterns
);
5569 c
->log_ratelimit_interval_usec
= 0;
5570 c
->log_ratelimit_burst
= 0;
5572 c
->stdin_data
= mfree(c
->stdin_data
);
5573 c
->stdin_data_size
= 0;
5575 c
->network_namespace_path
= mfree(c
->network_namespace_path
);
5576 c
->ipc_namespace_path
= mfree(c
->ipc_namespace_path
);
5578 c
->log_namespace
= mfree(c
->log_namespace
);
5580 c
->load_credentials
= hashmap_free(c
->load_credentials
);
5581 c
->set_credentials
= hashmap_free(c
->set_credentials
);
5584 int exec_context_destroy_runtime_directory(const ExecContext
*c
, const char *runtime_prefix
) {
5587 if (!runtime_prefix
)
5590 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< c
->directories
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
].n_items
; i
++) {
5591 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
5593 if (exec_directory_is_private(c
, EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
))
5594 p
= path_join(runtime_prefix
, "private", c
->directories
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
].items
[i
].path
);
5596 p
= path_join(runtime_prefix
, c
->directories
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
].items
[i
].path
);
5600 /* We execute this synchronously, since we need to be sure this is gone when we start the
5602 (void) rm_rf(p
, REMOVE_ROOT
);
5604 STRV_FOREACH(symlink
, c
->directories
[EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
].items
[i
].symlinks
) {
5605 _cleanup_free_
char *symlink_abs
= NULL
;
5607 if (exec_directory_is_private(c
, EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
))
5608 symlink_abs
= path_join(runtime_prefix
, "private", *symlink
);
5610 symlink_abs
= path_join(runtime_prefix
, *symlink
);
5614 (void) unlink(symlink_abs
);
5621 int exec_context_destroy_credentials(const ExecContext
*c
, const char *runtime_prefix
, const char *unit
) {
5622 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
5626 if (!runtime_prefix
|| !unit
)
5629 p
= path_join(runtime_prefix
, "credentials", unit
);
5633 /* This is either a tmpfs/ramfs of its own, or a plain directory. Either way, let's first try to
5634 * unmount it, and afterwards remove the mount point */
5635 (void) umount2(p
, MNT_DETACH
|UMOUNT_NOFOLLOW
);
5636 (void) rm_rf(p
, REMOVE_ROOT
|REMOVE_CHMOD
);
5641 int exec_context_destroy_mount_ns_dir(Unit
*u
) {
5642 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
5644 if (!u
|| !MANAGER_IS_SYSTEM(u
->manager
))
5647 p
= path_join("/run/systemd/propagate/", u
->id
);
5651 /* This is only filled transiently (see mount_in_namespace()), should be empty or even non-existent*/
5652 if (rmdir(p
) < 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
5653 log_unit_debug_errno(u
, errno
, "Unable to remove propagation dir '%s', ignoring: %m", p
);
5658 static void exec_command_done(ExecCommand
*c
) {
5661 c
->path
= mfree(c
->path
);
5662 c
->argv
= strv_free(c
->argv
);
5665 void exec_command_done_array(ExecCommand
*c
, size_t n
) {
5666 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< n
; i
++)
5667 exec_command_done(c
+i
);
5670 ExecCommand
* exec_command_free_list(ExecCommand
*c
) {
5674 LIST_REMOVE(command
, c
, i
);
5675 exec_command_done(i
);
5682 void exec_command_free_array(ExecCommand
**c
, size_t n
) {
5683 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< n
; i
++)
5684 c
[i
] = exec_command_free_list(c
[i
]);
5687 void exec_command_reset_status_array(ExecCommand
*c
, size_t n
) {
5688 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< n
; i
++)
5689 exec_status_reset(&c
[i
].exec_status
);
5692 void exec_command_reset_status_list_array(ExecCommand
**c
, size_t n
) {
5693 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< n
; i
++)
5694 LIST_FOREACH(command
, z
, c
[i
])
5695 exec_status_reset(&z
->exec_status
);
5698 typedef struct InvalidEnvInfo
{
5703 static void invalid_env(const char *p
, void *userdata
) {
5704 InvalidEnvInfo
*info
= userdata
;
5706 log_unit_error(info
->unit
, "Ignoring invalid environment assignment '%s': %s", p
, info
->path
);
5709 const char* exec_context_fdname(const ExecContext
*c
, int fd_index
) {
5715 if (c
->std_input
!= EXEC_INPUT_NAMED_FD
)
5718 return c
->stdio_fdname
[STDIN_FILENO
] ?: "stdin";
5721 if (c
->std_output
!= EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD
)
5724 return c
->stdio_fdname
[STDOUT_FILENO
] ?: "stdout";
5727 if (c
->std_error
!= EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD
)
5730 return c
->stdio_fdname
[STDERR_FILENO
] ?: "stderr";
5737 static int exec_context_named_iofds(
5738 const ExecContext
*c
,
5739 const ExecParameters
*p
,
5740 int named_iofds
[static 3]) {
5743 const char* stdio_fdname
[3];
5748 assert(named_iofds
);
5750 targets
= (c
->std_input
== EXEC_INPUT_NAMED_FD
) +
5751 (c
->std_output
== EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD
) +
5752 (c
->std_error
== EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD
);
5754 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< 3; i
++)
5755 stdio_fdname
[i
] = exec_context_fdname(c
, i
);
5757 n_fds
= p
->n_storage_fds
+ p
->n_socket_fds
;
5759 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< n_fds
&& targets
> 0; i
++)
5760 if (named_iofds
[STDIN_FILENO
] < 0 &&
5761 c
->std_input
== EXEC_INPUT_NAMED_FD
&&
5762 stdio_fdname
[STDIN_FILENO
] &&
5763 streq(p
->fd_names
[i
], stdio_fdname
[STDIN_FILENO
])) {
5765 named_iofds
[STDIN_FILENO
] = p
->fds
[i
];
5768 } else if (named_iofds
[STDOUT_FILENO
] < 0 &&
5769 c
->std_output
== EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD
&&
5770 stdio_fdname
[STDOUT_FILENO
] &&
5771 streq(p
->fd_names
[i
], stdio_fdname
[STDOUT_FILENO
])) {
5773 named_iofds
[STDOUT_FILENO
] = p
->fds
[i
];
5776 } else if (named_iofds
[STDERR_FILENO
] < 0 &&
5777 c
->std_error
== EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD
&&
5778 stdio_fdname
[STDERR_FILENO
] &&
5779 streq(p
->fd_names
[i
], stdio_fdname
[STDERR_FILENO
])) {
5781 named_iofds
[STDERR_FILENO
] = p
->fds
[i
];
5785 return targets
== 0 ? 0 : -ENOENT
;
5788 static int exec_context_load_environment(const Unit
*unit
, const ExecContext
*c
, char ***ret
) {
5789 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **v
= NULL
;
5795 STRV_FOREACH(i
, c
->environment_files
) {
5796 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t pglob
= {};
5797 bool ignore
= false;
5805 if (!path_is_absolute(fn
)) {
5811 /* Filename supports globbing, take all matching files */
5812 r
= safe_glob(fn
, 0, &pglob
);
5819 /* When we don't match anything, -ENOENT should be returned */
5820 assert(pglob
.gl_pathc
> 0);
5822 for (unsigned n
= 0; n
< pglob
.gl_pathc
; n
++) {
5823 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **p
= NULL
;
5825 r
= load_env_file(NULL
, pglob
.gl_pathv
[n
], &p
);
5832 /* Log invalid environment variables with filename */
5834 InvalidEnvInfo info
= {
5836 .path
= pglob
.gl_pathv
[n
]
5839 p
= strv_env_clean_with_callback(p
, invalid_env
, &info
);
5845 char **m
= strv_env_merge(v
, p
);
5849 strv_free_and_replace(v
, m
);
5859 static bool tty_may_match_dev_console(const char *tty
) {
5860 _cleanup_free_
char *resolved
= NULL
;
5865 tty
= skip_dev_prefix(tty
);
5867 /* trivial identity? */
5868 if (streq(tty
, "console"))
5871 if (resolve_dev_console(&resolved
) < 0)
5872 return true; /* if we could not resolve, assume it may */
5874 /* "tty0" means the active VC, so it may be the same sometimes */
5875 return path_equal(resolved
, tty
) || (streq(resolved
, "tty0") && tty_is_vc(tty
));
5878 static bool exec_context_may_touch_tty(const ExecContext
*ec
) {
5881 return ec
->tty_reset
||
5883 ec
->tty_vt_disallocate
||
5884 is_terminal_input(ec
->std_input
) ||
5885 is_terminal_output(ec
->std_output
) ||
5886 is_terminal_output(ec
->std_error
);
5889 bool exec_context_may_touch_console(const ExecContext
*ec
) {
5891 return exec_context_may_touch_tty(ec
) &&
5892 tty_may_match_dev_console(exec_context_tty_path(ec
));
5895 static void strv_fprintf(FILE *f
, char **l
) {
5899 fprintf(f
, " %s", *g
);
5902 static void strv_dump(FILE* f
, const char *prefix
, const char *name
, char **strv
) {
5907 if (!strv_isempty(strv
)) {
5908 fprintf(f
, "%s%s:", prefix
, name
);
5909 strv_fprintf(f
, strv
);
5914 void exec_context_dump(const ExecContext
*c
, FILE* f
, const char *prefix
) {
5920 prefix
= strempty(prefix
);
5924 "%sWorkingDirectory: %s\n"
5925 "%sRootDirectory: %s\n"
5926 "%sNonBlocking: %s\n"
5927 "%sPrivateTmp: %s\n"
5928 "%sPrivateDevices: %s\n"
5929 "%sProtectKernelTunables: %s\n"
5930 "%sProtectKernelModules: %s\n"
5931 "%sProtectKernelLogs: %s\n"
5932 "%sProtectClock: %s\n"
5933 "%sProtectControlGroups: %s\n"
5934 "%sPrivateNetwork: %s\n"
5935 "%sPrivateUsers: %s\n"
5936 "%sProtectHome: %s\n"
5937 "%sProtectSystem: %s\n"
5938 "%sMountAPIVFS: %s\n"
5939 "%sIgnoreSIGPIPE: %s\n"
5940 "%sMemoryDenyWriteExecute: %s\n"
5941 "%sRestrictRealtime: %s\n"
5942 "%sRestrictSUIDSGID: %s\n"
5943 "%sKeyringMode: %s\n"
5944 "%sProtectHostname: %s\n"
5945 "%sProtectProc: %s\n"
5946 "%sProcSubset: %s\n",
5948 prefix
, empty_to_root(c
->working_directory
),
5949 prefix
, empty_to_root(c
->root_directory
),
5950 prefix
, yes_no(c
->non_blocking
),
5951 prefix
, yes_no(c
->private_tmp
),
5952 prefix
, yes_no(c
->private_devices
),
5953 prefix
, yes_no(c
->protect_kernel_tunables
),
5954 prefix
, yes_no(c
->protect_kernel_modules
),
5955 prefix
, yes_no(c
->protect_kernel_logs
),
5956 prefix
, yes_no(c
->protect_clock
),
5957 prefix
, yes_no(c
->protect_control_groups
),
5958 prefix
, yes_no(c
->private_network
),
5959 prefix
, yes_no(c
->private_users
),
5960 prefix
, protect_home_to_string(c
->protect_home
),
5961 prefix
, protect_system_to_string(c
->protect_system
),
5962 prefix
, yes_no(exec_context_get_effective_mount_apivfs(c
)),
5963 prefix
, yes_no(c
->ignore_sigpipe
),
5964 prefix
, yes_no(c
->memory_deny_write_execute
),
5965 prefix
, yes_no(c
->restrict_realtime
),
5966 prefix
, yes_no(c
->restrict_suid_sgid
),
5967 prefix
, exec_keyring_mode_to_string(c
->keyring_mode
),
5968 prefix
, yes_no(c
->protect_hostname
),
5969 prefix
, protect_proc_to_string(c
->protect_proc
),
5970 prefix
, proc_subset_to_string(c
->proc_subset
));
5973 fprintf(f
, "%sRootImage: %s\n", prefix
, c
->root_image
);
5975 if (c
->root_image_options
) {
5976 fprintf(f
, "%sRootImageOptions:", prefix
);
5977 LIST_FOREACH(mount_options
, o
, c
->root_image_options
)
5978 if (!isempty(o
->options
))
5979 fprintf(f
, " %s:%s",
5980 partition_designator_to_string(o
->partition_designator
),
5986 _cleanup_free_
char *encoded
= NULL
;
5987 encoded
= hexmem(c
->root_hash
, c
->root_hash_size
);
5989 fprintf(f
, "%sRootHash: %s\n", prefix
, encoded
);
5992 if (c
->root_hash_path
)
5993 fprintf(f
, "%sRootHash: %s\n", prefix
, c
->root_hash_path
);
5995 if (c
->root_hash_sig
) {
5996 _cleanup_free_
char *encoded
= NULL
;
5998 len
= base64mem(c
->root_hash_sig
, c
->root_hash_sig_size
, &encoded
);
6000 fprintf(f
, "%sRootHashSignature: base64:%s\n", prefix
, encoded
);
6003 if (c
->root_hash_sig_path
)
6004 fprintf(f
, "%sRootHashSignature: %s\n", prefix
, c
->root_hash_sig_path
);
6007 fprintf(f
, "%sRootVerity: %s\n", prefix
, c
->root_verity
);
6009 STRV_FOREACH(e
, c
->environment
)
6010 fprintf(f
, "%sEnvironment: %s\n", prefix
, *e
);
6012 STRV_FOREACH(e
, c
->environment_files
)
6013 fprintf(f
, "%sEnvironmentFile: %s\n", prefix
, *e
);
6015 STRV_FOREACH(e
, c
->pass_environment
)
6016 fprintf(f
, "%sPassEnvironment: %s\n", prefix
, *e
);
6018 STRV_FOREACH(e
, c
->unset_environment
)
6019 fprintf(f
, "%sUnsetEnvironment: %s\n", prefix
, *e
);
6021 fprintf(f
, "%sRuntimeDirectoryPreserve: %s\n", prefix
, exec_preserve_mode_to_string(c
->runtime_directory_preserve_mode
));
6023 for (ExecDirectoryType dt
= 0; dt
< _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
; dt
++) {
6024 fprintf(f
, "%s%sMode: %04o\n", prefix
, exec_directory_type_to_string(dt
), c
->directories
[dt
].mode
);
6026 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< c
->directories
[dt
].n_items
; i
++) {
6027 fprintf(f
, "%s%s: %s\n", prefix
, exec_directory_type_to_string(dt
), c
->directories
[dt
].items
[i
].path
);
6029 STRV_FOREACH(d
, c
->directories
[dt
].items
[i
].symlinks
)
6030 fprintf(f
, "%s%s: %s:%s\n", prefix
, exec_directory_type_symlink_to_string(dt
), c
->directories
[dt
].items
[i
].path
, *d
);
6034 fprintf(f
, "%sTimeoutCleanSec: %s\n", prefix
, FORMAT_TIMESPAN(c
->timeout_clean_usec
, USEC_PER_SEC
));
6037 fprintf(f
, "%sNice: %i\n", prefix
, c
->nice
);
6039 if (c
->oom_score_adjust_set
)
6040 fprintf(f
, "%sOOMScoreAdjust: %i\n", prefix
, c
->oom_score_adjust
);
6042 if (c
->coredump_filter_set
)
6043 fprintf(f
, "%sCoredumpFilter: 0x%"PRIx64
"\n", prefix
, c
->coredump_filter
);
6045 for (unsigned i
= 0; i
< RLIM_NLIMITS
; i
++)
6047 fprintf(f
, "%sLimit%s: " RLIM_FMT
"\n",
6048 prefix
, rlimit_to_string(i
), c
->rlimit
[i
]->rlim_max
);
6049 fprintf(f
, "%sLimit%sSoft: " RLIM_FMT
"\n",
6050 prefix
, rlimit_to_string(i
), c
->rlimit
[i
]->rlim_cur
);
6053 if (c
->ioprio_set
) {
6054 _cleanup_free_
char *class_str
= NULL
;
6056 r
= ioprio_class_to_string_alloc(ioprio_prio_class(c
->ioprio
), &class_str
);
6058 fprintf(f
, "%sIOSchedulingClass: %s\n", prefix
, class_str
);
6060 fprintf(f
, "%sIOPriority: %d\n", prefix
, ioprio_prio_data(c
->ioprio
));
6063 if (c
->cpu_sched_set
) {
6064 _cleanup_free_
char *policy_str
= NULL
;
6066 r
= sched_policy_to_string_alloc(c
->cpu_sched_policy
, &policy_str
);
6068 fprintf(f
, "%sCPUSchedulingPolicy: %s\n", prefix
, policy_str
);
6071 "%sCPUSchedulingPriority: %i\n"
6072 "%sCPUSchedulingResetOnFork: %s\n",
6073 prefix
, c
->cpu_sched_priority
,
6074 prefix
, yes_no(c
->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork
));
6077 if (c
->cpu_set
.set
) {
6078 _cleanup_free_
char *affinity
= NULL
;
6080 affinity
= cpu_set_to_range_string(&c
->cpu_set
);
6081 fprintf(f
, "%sCPUAffinity: %s\n", prefix
, affinity
);
6084 if (mpol_is_valid(numa_policy_get_type(&c
->numa_policy
))) {
6085 _cleanup_free_
char *nodes
= NULL
;
6087 nodes
= cpu_set_to_range_string(&c
->numa_policy
.nodes
);
6088 fprintf(f
, "%sNUMAPolicy: %s\n", prefix
, mpol_to_string(numa_policy_get_type(&c
->numa_policy
)));
6089 fprintf(f
, "%sNUMAMask: %s\n", prefix
, strnull(nodes
));
6092 if (c
->timer_slack_nsec
!= NSEC_INFINITY
)
6093 fprintf(f
, "%sTimerSlackNSec: "NSEC_FMT
"\n", prefix
, c
->timer_slack_nsec
);
6096 "%sStandardInput: %s\n"
6097 "%sStandardOutput: %s\n"
6098 "%sStandardError: %s\n",
6099 prefix
, exec_input_to_string(c
->std_input
),
6100 prefix
, exec_output_to_string(c
->std_output
),
6101 prefix
, exec_output_to_string(c
->std_error
));
6103 if (c
->std_input
== EXEC_INPUT_NAMED_FD
)
6104 fprintf(f
, "%sStandardInputFileDescriptorName: %s\n", prefix
, c
->stdio_fdname
[STDIN_FILENO
]);
6105 if (c
->std_output
== EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD
)
6106 fprintf(f
, "%sStandardOutputFileDescriptorName: %s\n", prefix
, c
->stdio_fdname
[STDOUT_FILENO
]);
6107 if (c
->std_error
== EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD
)
6108 fprintf(f
, "%sStandardErrorFileDescriptorName: %s\n", prefix
, c
->stdio_fdname
[STDERR_FILENO
]);
6110 if (c
->std_input
== EXEC_INPUT_FILE
)
6111 fprintf(f
, "%sStandardInputFile: %s\n", prefix
, c
->stdio_file
[STDIN_FILENO
]);
6112 if (c
->std_output
== EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE
)
6113 fprintf(f
, "%sStandardOutputFile: %s\n", prefix
, c
->stdio_file
[STDOUT_FILENO
]);
6114 if (c
->std_output
== EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_APPEND
)
6115 fprintf(f
, "%sStandardOutputFileToAppend: %s\n", prefix
, c
->stdio_file
[STDOUT_FILENO
]);
6116 if (c
->std_output
== EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_TRUNCATE
)
6117 fprintf(f
, "%sStandardOutputFileToTruncate: %s\n", prefix
, c
->stdio_file
[STDOUT_FILENO
]);
6118 if (c
->std_error
== EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE
)
6119 fprintf(f
, "%sStandardErrorFile: %s\n", prefix
, c
->stdio_file
[STDERR_FILENO
]);
6120 if (c
->std_error
== EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_APPEND
)
6121 fprintf(f
, "%sStandardErrorFileToAppend: %s\n", prefix
, c
->stdio_file
[STDERR_FILENO
]);
6122 if (c
->std_error
== EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_TRUNCATE
)
6123 fprintf(f
, "%sStandardErrorFileToTruncate: %s\n", prefix
, c
->stdio_file
[STDERR_FILENO
]);
6129 "%sTTYVHangup: %s\n"
6130 "%sTTYVTDisallocate: %s\n"
6132 "%sTTYColumns: %u\n",
6133 prefix
, c
->tty_path
,
6134 prefix
, yes_no(c
->tty_reset
),
6135 prefix
, yes_no(c
->tty_vhangup
),
6136 prefix
, yes_no(c
->tty_vt_disallocate
),
6137 prefix
, c
->tty_rows
,
6138 prefix
, c
->tty_cols
);
6140 if (IN_SET(c
->std_output
,
6142 EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL
,
6143 EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE
,
6144 EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL_AND_CONSOLE
) ||
6145 IN_SET(c
->std_error
,
6147 EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL
,
6148 EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE
,
6149 EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL_AND_CONSOLE
)) {
6151 _cleanup_free_
char *fac_str
= NULL
, *lvl_str
= NULL
;
6153 r
= log_facility_unshifted_to_string_alloc(c
->syslog_priority
>> 3, &fac_str
);
6155 fprintf(f
, "%sSyslogFacility: %s\n", prefix
, fac_str
);
6157 r
= log_level_to_string_alloc(LOG_PRI(c
->syslog_priority
), &lvl_str
);
6159 fprintf(f
, "%sSyslogLevel: %s\n", prefix
, lvl_str
);
6162 if (c
->log_level_max
>= 0) {
6163 _cleanup_free_
char *t
= NULL
;
6165 (void) log_level_to_string_alloc(c
->log_level_max
, &t
);
6167 fprintf(f
, "%sLogLevelMax: %s\n", prefix
, strna(t
));
6170 if (c
->log_ratelimit_interval_usec
> 0)
6172 "%sLogRateLimitIntervalSec: %s\n",
6173 prefix
, FORMAT_TIMESPAN(c
->log_ratelimit_interval_usec
, USEC_PER_SEC
));
6175 if (c
->log_ratelimit_burst
> 0)
6176 fprintf(f
, "%sLogRateLimitBurst: %u\n", prefix
, c
->log_ratelimit_burst
);
6178 if (!set_isempty(c
->log_filter_allowed_patterns
) || !set_isempty(c
->log_filter_denied_patterns
)) {
6179 fprintf(f
, "%sLogFilterPatterns:", prefix
);
6182 SET_FOREACH(pattern
, c
->log_filter_allowed_patterns
)
6183 fprintf(f
, " %s", pattern
);
6184 SET_FOREACH(pattern
, c
->log_filter_denied_patterns
)
6185 fprintf(f
, " ~%s", pattern
);
6189 for (size_t j
= 0; j
< c
->n_log_extra_fields
; j
++) {
6190 fprintf(f
, "%sLogExtraFields: ", prefix
);
6191 fwrite(c
->log_extra_fields
[j
].iov_base
,
6192 1, c
->log_extra_fields
[j
].iov_len
,
6197 if (c
->log_namespace
)
6198 fprintf(f
, "%sLogNamespace: %s\n", prefix
, c
->log_namespace
);
6200 if (c
->secure_bits
) {
6201 _cleanup_free_
char *str
= NULL
;
6203 r
= secure_bits_to_string_alloc(c
->secure_bits
, &str
);
6205 fprintf(f
, "%sSecure Bits: %s\n", prefix
, str
);
6208 if (c
->capability_bounding_set
!= CAP_MASK_UNSET
) {
6209 _cleanup_free_
char *str
= NULL
;
6211 r
= capability_set_to_string(c
->capability_bounding_set
, &str
);
6213 fprintf(f
, "%sCapabilityBoundingSet: %s\n", prefix
, str
);
6216 if (c
->capability_ambient_set
!= 0) {
6217 _cleanup_free_
char *str
= NULL
;
6219 r
= capability_set_to_string(c
->capability_ambient_set
, &str
);
6221 fprintf(f
, "%sAmbientCapabilities: %s\n", prefix
, str
);
6225 fprintf(f
, "%sUser: %s\n", prefix
, c
->user
);
6227 fprintf(f
, "%sGroup: %s\n", prefix
, c
->group
);
6229 fprintf(f
, "%sDynamicUser: %s\n", prefix
, yes_no(c
->dynamic_user
));
6231 strv_dump(f
, prefix
, "SupplementaryGroups", c
->supplementary_groups
);
6234 fprintf(f
, "%sPAMName: %s\n", prefix
, c
->pam_name
);
6236 strv_dump(f
, prefix
, "ReadWritePaths", c
->read_write_paths
);
6237 strv_dump(f
, prefix
, "ReadOnlyPaths", c
->read_only_paths
);
6238 strv_dump(f
, prefix
, "InaccessiblePaths", c
->inaccessible_paths
);
6239 strv_dump(f
, prefix
, "ExecPaths", c
->exec_paths
);
6240 strv_dump(f
, prefix
, "NoExecPaths", c
->no_exec_paths
);
6241 strv_dump(f
, prefix
, "ExecSearchPath", c
->exec_search_path
);
6243 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< c
->n_bind_mounts
; i
++)
6244 fprintf(f
, "%s%s: %s%s:%s:%s\n", prefix
,
6245 c
->bind_mounts
[i
].read_only
? "BindReadOnlyPaths" : "BindPaths",
6246 c
->bind_mounts
[i
].ignore_enoent
? "-": "",
6247 c
->bind_mounts
[i
].source
,
6248 c
->bind_mounts
[i
].destination
,
6249 c
->bind_mounts
[i
].recursive
? "rbind" : "norbind");
6251 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< c
->n_temporary_filesystems
; i
++) {
6252 const TemporaryFileSystem
*t
= c
->temporary_filesystems
+ i
;
6254 fprintf(f
, "%sTemporaryFileSystem: %s%s%s\n", prefix
,
6256 isempty(t
->options
) ? "" : ":",
6257 strempty(t
->options
));
6262 "%sUtmpIdentifier: %s\n",
6263 prefix
, c
->utmp_id
);
6265 if (c
->selinux_context
)
6267 "%sSELinuxContext: %s%s\n",
6268 prefix
, c
->selinux_context_ignore
? "-" : "", c
->selinux_context
);
6270 if (c
->apparmor_profile
)
6272 "%sAppArmorProfile: %s%s\n",
6273 prefix
, c
->apparmor_profile_ignore
? "-" : "", c
->apparmor_profile
);
6275 if (c
->smack_process_label
)
6277 "%sSmackProcessLabel: %s%s\n",
6278 prefix
, c
->smack_process_label_ignore
? "-" : "", c
->smack_process_label
);
6280 if (c
->personality
!= PERSONALITY_INVALID
)
6282 "%sPersonality: %s\n",
6283 prefix
, strna(personality_to_string(c
->personality
)));
6286 "%sLockPersonality: %s\n",
6287 prefix
, yes_no(c
->lock_personality
));
6289 if (c
->syscall_filter
) {
6291 "%sSystemCallFilter: ",
6294 if (!c
->syscall_allow_list
)
6300 HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(val
, id
, c
->syscall_filter
) {
6301 _cleanup_free_
char *name
= NULL
;
6302 const char *errno_name
= NULL
;
6303 int num
= PTR_TO_INT(val
);
6310 name
= seccomp_syscall_resolve_num_arch(SCMP_ARCH_NATIVE
, PTR_TO_INT(id
) - 1);
6311 fputs(strna(name
), f
);
6314 errno_name
= seccomp_errno_or_action_to_string(num
);
6316 fprintf(f
, ":%s", errno_name
);
6318 fprintf(f
, ":%d", num
);
6326 if (c
->syscall_archs
) {
6328 "%sSystemCallArchitectures:",
6333 SET_FOREACH(id
, c
->syscall_archs
)
6334 fprintf(f
, " %s", strna(seccomp_arch_to_string(PTR_TO_UINT32(id
) - 1)));
6339 if (exec_context_restrict_namespaces_set(c
)) {
6340 _cleanup_free_
char *s
= NULL
;
6342 r
= namespace_flags_to_string(c
->restrict_namespaces
, &s
);
6344 fprintf(f
, "%sRestrictNamespaces: %s\n",
6349 if (exec_context_restrict_filesystems_set(c
)) {
6351 SET_FOREACH(fs
, c
->restrict_filesystems
)
6352 fprintf(f
, "%sRestrictFileSystems: %s\n", prefix
, fs
);
6356 if (c
->network_namespace_path
)
6358 "%sNetworkNamespacePath: %s\n",
6359 prefix
, c
->network_namespace_path
);
6361 if (c
->syscall_errno
> 0) {
6362 fprintf(f
, "%sSystemCallErrorNumber: ", prefix
);
6365 const char *errno_name
= seccomp_errno_or_action_to_string(c
->syscall_errno
);
6367 fputs(errno_name
, f
);
6369 fprintf(f
, "%d", c
->syscall_errno
);
6374 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< c
->n_mount_images
; i
++) {
6375 fprintf(f
, "%sMountImages: %s%s:%s", prefix
,
6376 c
->mount_images
[i
].ignore_enoent
? "-": "",
6377 c
->mount_images
[i
].source
,
6378 c
->mount_images
[i
].destination
);
6379 LIST_FOREACH(mount_options
, o
, c
->mount_images
[i
].mount_options
)
6380 fprintf(f
, ":%s:%s",
6381 partition_designator_to_string(o
->partition_designator
),
6382 strempty(o
->options
));
6386 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< c
->n_extension_images
; i
++) {
6387 fprintf(f
, "%sExtensionImages: %s%s", prefix
,
6388 c
->extension_images
[i
].ignore_enoent
? "-": "",
6389 c
->extension_images
[i
].source
);
6390 LIST_FOREACH(mount_options
, o
, c
->extension_images
[i
].mount_options
)
6391 fprintf(f
, ":%s:%s",
6392 partition_designator_to_string(o
->partition_designator
),
6393 strempty(o
->options
));
6397 strv_dump(f
, prefix
, "ExtensionDirectories", c
->extension_directories
);
6400 bool exec_context_maintains_privileges(const ExecContext
*c
) {
6403 /* Returns true if the process forked off would run under
6404 * an unchanged UID or as root. */
6409 if (streq(c
->user
, "root") || streq(c
->user
, "0"))
6415 int exec_context_get_effective_ioprio(const ExecContext
*c
) {
6423 p
= ioprio_get(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS
, 0);
6425 return IOPRIO_DEFAULT_CLASS_AND_PRIO
;
6427 return ioprio_normalize(p
);
6430 bool exec_context_get_effective_mount_apivfs(const ExecContext
*c
) {
6433 /* Explicit setting wins */
6434 if (c
->mount_apivfs_set
)
6435 return c
->mount_apivfs
;
6437 /* Default to "yes" if root directory or image are specified */
6438 if (exec_context_with_rootfs(c
))
6444 void exec_context_free_log_extra_fields(ExecContext
*c
) {
6447 for (size_t l
= 0; l
< c
->n_log_extra_fields
; l
++)
6448 free(c
->log_extra_fields
[l
].iov_base
);
6449 c
->log_extra_fields
= mfree(c
->log_extra_fields
);
6450 c
->n_log_extra_fields
= 0;
6453 void exec_context_revert_tty(ExecContext
*c
) {
6454 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
;
6461 /* First, reset the TTY (possibly kicking everybody else from the TTY) */
6462 exec_context_tty_reset(c
, NULL
);
6464 /* And then undo what chown_terminal() did earlier. Note that we only do this if we have a path
6465 * configured. If the TTY was passed to us as file descriptor we assume the TTY is opened and managed
6466 * by whoever passed it to us and thus knows better when and how to chmod()/chown() it back. */
6467 if (!exec_context_may_touch_tty(c
))
6470 path
= exec_context_tty_path(c
);
6474 fd
= open(path
, O_PATH
|O_CLOEXEC
);
6476 return (void) log_full_errno(errno
== ENOENT
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, errno
,
6477 "Failed to open TTY inode of '%s' to adjust ownership/access mode, ignoring: %m",
6480 if (fstat(fd
, &st
) < 0)
6481 return (void) log_warning_errno(errno
, "Failed to stat TTY '%s', ignoring: %m", path
);
6483 /* Let's add a superficial check that we only do this for stuff that looks like a TTY. We only check
6484 * if things are a character device, since a proper check either means we'd have to open the TTY and
6485 * use isatty(), but we'd rather not do that since opening TTYs comes with all kinds of side-effects
6486 * and is slow. Or we'd have to hardcode dev_t major information, which we'd rather avoid. Why bother
6487 * with this at all? → https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/19213 */
6488 if (!S_ISCHR(st
.st_mode
))
6489 return log_warning("Configured TTY '%s' is not actually a character device, ignoring.", path
);
6491 r
= fchmod_and_chown(fd
, TTY_MODE
, 0, TTY_GID
);
6493 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to reset TTY ownership/access mode of %s, ignoring: %m", path
);
6496 int exec_context_get_clean_directories(
6502 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **l
= NULL
;
6509 for (ExecDirectoryType t
= 0; t
< _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
; t
++) {
6510 if (!FLAGS_SET(mask
, 1U << t
))
6516 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< c
->directories
[t
].n_items
; i
++) {
6519 j
= path_join(prefix
[t
], c
->directories
[t
].items
[i
].path
);
6523 r
= strv_consume(&l
, j
);
6527 /* Also remove private directories unconditionally. */
6528 if (t
!= EXEC_DIRECTORY_CONFIGURATION
) {
6529 j
= path_join(prefix
[t
], "private", c
->directories
[t
].items
[i
].path
);
6533 r
= strv_consume(&l
, j
);
6538 STRV_FOREACH(symlink
, c
->directories
[t
].items
[i
].symlinks
) {
6539 j
= path_join(prefix
[t
], *symlink
);
6543 r
= strv_consume(&l
, j
);
6554 int exec_context_get_clean_mask(ExecContext
*c
, ExecCleanMask
*ret
) {
6555 ExecCleanMask mask
= 0;
6560 for (ExecDirectoryType t
= 0; t
< _EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
; t
++)
6561 if (c
->directories
[t
].n_items
> 0)
6568 void exec_status_start(ExecStatus
*s
, pid_t pid
) {
6575 dual_timestamp_get(&s
->start_timestamp
);
6578 void exec_status_exit(ExecStatus
*s
, const ExecContext
*context
, pid_t pid
, int code
, int status
) {
6586 dual_timestamp_get(&s
->exit_timestamp
);
6591 if (context
&& context
->utmp_id
)
6592 (void) utmp_put_dead_process(context
->utmp_id
, pid
, code
, status
);
6595 void exec_status_reset(ExecStatus
*s
) {
6598 *s
= (ExecStatus
) {};
6601 void exec_status_dump(const ExecStatus
*s
, FILE *f
, const char *prefix
) {
6608 prefix
= strempty(prefix
);
6611 "%sPID: "PID_FMT
"\n",
6614 if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&s
->start_timestamp
))
6616 "%sStart Timestamp: %s\n",
6617 prefix
, FORMAT_TIMESTAMP(s
->start_timestamp
.realtime
));
6619 if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&s
->exit_timestamp
))
6621 "%sExit Timestamp: %s\n"
6623 "%sExit Status: %i\n",
6624 prefix
, FORMAT_TIMESTAMP(s
->exit_timestamp
.realtime
),
6625 prefix
, sigchld_code_to_string(s
->code
),
6629 static void exec_command_dump(ExecCommand
*c
, FILE *f
, const char *prefix
) {
6630 _cleanup_free_
char *cmd
= NULL
;
6631 const char *prefix2
;
6636 prefix
= strempty(prefix
);
6637 prefix2
= strjoina(prefix
, "\t");
6639 cmd
= quote_command_line(c
->argv
, SHELL_ESCAPE_EMPTY
);
6642 "%sCommand Line: %s\n",
6643 prefix
, strnull(cmd
));
6645 exec_status_dump(&c
->exec_status
, f
, prefix2
);
6648 void exec_command_dump_list(ExecCommand
*c
, FILE *f
, const char *prefix
) {
6651 prefix
= strempty(prefix
);
6653 LIST_FOREACH(command
, i
, c
)
6654 exec_command_dump(i
, f
, prefix
);
6657 void exec_command_append_list(ExecCommand
**l
, ExecCommand
*e
) {
6664 /* It's kind of important, that we keep the order here */
6665 end
= LIST_FIND_TAIL(command
, *l
);
6666 LIST_INSERT_AFTER(command
, *l
, end
, e
);
6671 int exec_command_set(ExecCommand
*c
, const char *path
, ...) {
6679 l
= strv_new_ap(path
, ap
);
6691 free_and_replace(c
->path
, p
);
6693 return strv_free_and_replace(c
->argv
, l
);
6696 int exec_command_append(ExecCommand
*c
, const char *path
, ...) {
6697 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **l
= NULL
;
6705 l
= strv_new_ap(path
, ap
);
6711 r
= strv_extend_strv(&c
->argv
, l
, false);
6718 static void *remove_tmpdir_thread(void *p
) {
6719 _cleanup_free_
char *path
= p
;
6721 (void) rm_rf(path
, REMOVE_ROOT
|REMOVE_PHYSICAL
);
6725 static ExecRuntime
* exec_runtime_free(ExecRuntime
*rt
, bool destroy
) {
6732 (void) hashmap_remove(rt
->manager
->exec_runtime_by_id
, rt
->id
);
6734 /* When destroy is true, then rm_rf tmp_dir and var_tmp_dir. */
6736 if (destroy
&& rt
->tmp_dir
&& !streq(rt
->tmp_dir
, RUN_SYSTEMD_EMPTY
)) {
6737 log_debug("Spawning thread to nuke %s", rt
->tmp_dir
);
6739 r
= asynchronous_job(remove_tmpdir_thread
, rt
->tmp_dir
);
6741 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to nuke %s: %m", rt
->tmp_dir
);
6746 if (destroy
&& rt
->var_tmp_dir
&& !streq(rt
->var_tmp_dir
, RUN_SYSTEMD_EMPTY
)) {
6747 log_debug("Spawning thread to nuke %s", rt
->var_tmp_dir
);
6749 r
= asynchronous_job(remove_tmpdir_thread
, rt
->var_tmp_dir
);
6751 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to nuke %s: %m", rt
->var_tmp_dir
);
6753 rt
->var_tmp_dir
= NULL
;
6756 rt
->id
= mfree(rt
->id
);
6757 rt
->tmp_dir
= mfree(rt
->tmp_dir
);
6758 rt
->var_tmp_dir
= mfree(rt
->var_tmp_dir
);
6759 safe_close_pair(rt
->netns_storage_socket
);
6760 safe_close_pair(rt
->ipcns_storage_socket
);
6764 static void exec_runtime_freep(ExecRuntime
**rt
) {
6765 (void) exec_runtime_free(*rt
, false);
6768 static int exec_runtime_allocate(ExecRuntime
**ret
, const char *id
) {
6769 _cleanup_free_
char *id_copy
= NULL
;
6774 id_copy
= strdup(id
);
6778 n
= new(ExecRuntime
, 1);
6782 *n
= (ExecRuntime
) {
6783 .id
= TAKE_PTR(id_copy
),
6784 .netns_storage_socket
= PIPE_EBADF
,
6785 .ipcns_storage_socket
= PIPE_EBADF
,
6792 static int exec_runtime_add(
6797 int netns_storage_socket
[2],
6798 int ipcns_storage_socket
[2],
6799 ExecRuntime
**ret
) {
6801 _cleanup_(exec_runtime_freep
) ExecRuntime
*rt
= NULL
;
6807 /* tmp_dir, var_tmp_dir, {net,ipc}ns_storage_socket fds are donated on success */
6809 r
= exec_runtime_allocate(&rt
, id
);
6813 r
= hashmap_ensure_put(&m
->exec_runtime_by_id
, &string_hash_ops
, rt
->id
, rt
);
6817 assert(!!rt
->tmp_dir
== !!rt
->var_tmp_dir
); /* We require both to be set together */
6818 rt
->tmp_dir
= TAKE_PTR(*tmp_dir
);
6819 rt
->var_tmp_dir
= TAKE_PTR(*var_tmp_dir
);
6821 if (netns_storage_socket
) {
6822 rt
->netns_storage_socket
[0] = TAKE_FD(netns_storage_socket
[0]);
6823 rt
->netns_storage_socket
[1] = TAKE_FD(netns_storage_socket
[1]);
6826 if (ipcns_storage_socket
) {
6827 rt
->ipcns_storage_socket
[0] = TAKE_FD(ipcns_storage_socket
[0]);
6828 rt
->ipcns_storage_socket
[1] = TAKE_FD(ipcns_storage_socket
[1]);
6835 /* do not remove created ExecRuntime object when the operation succeeds. */
6840 static int exec_runtime_make(
6842 const ExecContext
*c
,
6844 ExecRuntime
**ret
) {
6846 _cleanup_(namespace_cleanup_tmpdirp
) char *tmp_dir
= NULL
, *var_tmp_dir
= NULL
;
6847 _cleanup_close_pair_
int netns_storage_socket
[2] = PIPE_EBADF
, ipcns_storage_socket
[2] = PIPE_EBADF
;
6854 /* It is not necessary to create ExecRuntime object. */
6855 if (!exec_needs_network_namespace(c
) && !exec_needs_ipc_namespace(c
) && !c
->private_tmp
) {
6860 if (c
->private_tmp
&&
6861 !(prefixed_path_strv_contains(c
->inaccessible_paths
, "/tmp") &&
6862 (prefixed_path_strv_contains(c
->inaccessible_paths
, "/var/tmp") ||
6863 prefixed_path_strv_contains(c
->inaccessible_paths
, "/var")))) {
6864 r
= setup_tmp_dirs(id
, &tmp_dir
, &var_tmp_dir
);
6869 if (exec_needs_network_namespace(c
)) {
6870 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_DGRAM
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, netns_storage_socket
) < 0)
6874 if (exec_needs_ipc_namespace(c
)) {
6875 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_DGRAM
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, ipcns_storage_socket
) < 0)
6879 r
= exec_runtime_add(m
, id
, &tmp_dir
, &var_tmp_dir
, netns_storage_socket
, ipcns_storage_socket
, ret
);
6886 int exec_runtime_acquire(Manager
*m
, const ExecContext
*c
, const char *id
, bool create
, ExecRuntime
**ret
) {
6894 rt
= hashmap_get(m
->exec_runtime_by_id
, id
);
6896 /* We already have an ExecRuntime object, let's increase the ref count and reuse it */
6904 /* If not found, then create a new object. */
6905 r
= exec_runtime_make(m
, c
, id
, &rt
);
6909 /* When r == 0, it is not necessary to create ExecRuntime object. */
6915 /* increment reference counter. */
6921 ExecRuntime
*exec_runtime_unref(ExecRuntime
*rt
, bool destroy
) {
6925 assert(rt
->n_ref
> 0);
6931 return exec_runtime_free(rt
, destroy
);
6934 int exec_runtime_serialize(const Manager
*m
, FILE *f
, FDSet
*fds
) {
6941 HASHMAP_FOREACH(rt
, m
->exec_runtime_by_id
) {
6942 fprintf(f
, "exec-runtime=%s", rt
->id
);
6945 fprintf(f
, " tmp-dir=%s", rt
->tmp_dir
);
6947 if (rt
->var_tmp_dir
)
6948 fprintf(f
, " var-tmp-dir=%s", rt
->var_tmp_dir
);
6950 if (rt
->netns_storage_socket
[0] >= 0) {
6953 copy
= fdset_put_dup(fds
, rt
->netns_storage_socket
[0]);
6957 fprintf(f
, " netns-socket-0=%i", copy
);
6960 if (rt
->netns_storage_socket
[1] >= 0) {
6963 copy
= fdset_put_dup(fds
, rt
->netns_storage_socket
[1]);
6967 fprintf(f
, " netns-socket-1=%i", copy
);
6970 if (rt
->ipcns_storage_socket
[0] >= 0) {
6973 copy
= fdset_put_dup(fds
, rt
->ipcns_storage_socket
[0]);
6977 fprintf(f
, " ipcns-socket-0=%i", copy
);
6980 if (rt
->ipcns_storage_socket
[1] >= 0) {
6983 copy
= fdset_put_dup(fds
, rt
->ipcns_storage_socket
[1]);
6987 fprintf(f
, " ipcns-socket-1=%i", copy
);
6996 int exec_runtime_deserialize_compat(Unit
*u
, const char *key
, const char *value
, FDSet
*fds
) {
6997 _cleanup_(exec_runtime_freep
) ExecRuntime
*rt_create
= NULL
;
7001 /* This is for the migration from old (v237 or earlier) deserialization text.
7002 * Due to the bug #7790, this may not work with the units that use JoinsNamespaceOf=.
7003 * Even if the ExecRuntime object originally created by the other unit, we cannot judge
7004 * so or not from the serialized text, then we always creates a new object owned by this. */
7010 /* Manager manages ExecRuntime objects by the unit id.
7011 * So, we omit the serialized text when the unit does not have id (yet?)... */
7012 if (isempty(u
->id
)) {
7013 log_unit_debug(u
, "Invocation ID not found. Dropping runtime parameter.");
7017 if (hashmap_ensure_allocated(&u
->manager
->exec_runtime_by_id
, &string_hash_ops
) < 0)
7020 rt
= hashmap_get(u
->manager
->exec_runtime_by_id
, u
->id
);
7022 if (exec_runtime_allocate(&rt_create
, u
->id
) < 0)
7028 if (streq(key
, "tmp-dir")) {
7029 if (free_and_strdup_warn(&rt
->tmp_dir
, value
) < 0)
7032 } else if (streq(key
, "var-tmp-dir")) {
7033 if (free_and_strdup_warn(&rt
->var_tmp_dir
, value
) < 0)
7036 } else if (streq(key
, "netns-socket-0")) {
7039 if (safe_atoi(value
, &fd
) < 0 || !fdset_contains(fds
, fd
)) {
7040 log_unit_debug(u
, "Failed to parse netns socket value: %s", value
);
7044 safe_close(rt
->netns_storage_socket
[0]);
7045 rt
->netns_storage_socket
[0] = fdset_remove(fds
, fd
);
7047 } else if (streq(key
, "netns-socket-1")) {
7050 if (safe_atoi(value
, &fd
) < 0 || !fdset_contains(fds
, fd
)) {
7051 log_unit_debug(u
, "Failed to parse netns socket value: %s", value
);
7055 safe_close(rt
->netns_storage_socket
[1]);
7056 rt
->netns_storage_socket
[1] = fdset_remove(fds
, fd
);
7061 /* If the object is newly created, then put it to the hashmap which manages ExecRuntime objects. */
7063 r
= hashmap_put(u
->manager
->exec_runtime_by_id
, rt_create
->id
, rt_create
);
7065 log_unit_debug_errno(u
, r
, "Failed to put runtime parameter to manager's storage: %m");
7069 rt_create
->manager
= u
->manager
;
7072 TAKE_PTR(rt_create
);
7078 int exec_runtime_deserialize_one(Manager
*m
, const char *value
, FDSet
*fds
) {
7079 _cleanup_free_
char *tmp_dir
= NULL
, *var_tmp_dir
= NULL
;
7081 int r
, netns_fdpair
[] = {-1, -1}, ipcns_fdpair
[] = {-1, -1};
7082 const char *p
, *v
= ASSERT_PTR(value
);
7088 n
= strcspn(v
, " ");
7089 id
= strndupa_safe(v
, n
);
7094 v
= startswith(p
, "tmp-dir=");
7096 n
= strcspn(v
, " ");
7097 tmp_dir
= strndup(v
, n
);
7105 v
= startswith(p
, "var-tmp-dir=");
7107 n
= strcspn(v
, " ");
7108 var_tmp_dir
= strndup(v
, n
);
7116 v
= startswith(p
, "netns-socket-0=");
7120 n
= strcspn(v
, " ");
7121 buf
= strndupa_safe(v
, n
);
7123 r
= safe_atoi(buf
, &netns_fdpair
[0]);
7125 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Unable to parse exec-runtime specification netns-socket-0=%s: %m", buf
);
7126 if (!fdset_contains(fds
, netns_fdpair
[0]))
7127 return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EBADF
),
7128 "exec-runtime specification netns-socket-0= refers to unknown fd %d: %m", netns_fdpair
[0]);
7129 netns_fdpair
[0] = fdset_remove(fds
, netns_fdpair
[0]);
7135 v
= startswith(p
, "netns-socket-1=");
7139 n
= strcspn(v
, " ");
7140 buf
= strndupa_safe(v
, n
);
7142 r
= safe_atoi(buf
, &netns_fdpair
[1]);
7144 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Unable to parse exec-runtime specification netns-socket-1=%s: %m", buf
);
7145 if (!fdset_contains(fds
, netns_fdpair
[1]))
7146 return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EBADF
),
7147 "exec-runtime specification netns-socket-1= refers to unknown fd %d: %m", netns_fdpair
[1]);
7148 netns_fdpair
[1] = fdset_remove(fds
, netns_fdpair
[1]);
7154 v
= startswith(p
, "ipcns-socket-0=");
7158 n
= strcspn(v
, " ");
7159 buf
= strndupa_safe(v
, n
);
7161 r
= safe_atoi(buf
, &ipcns_fdpair
[0]);
7163 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Unable to parse exec-runtime specification ipcns-socket-0=%s: %m", buf
);
7164 if (!fdset_contains(fds
, ipcns_fdpair
[0]))
7165 return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EBADF
),
7166 "exec-runtime specification ipcns-socket-0= refers to unknown fd %d: %m", ipcns_fdpair
[0]);
7167 ipcns_fdpair
[0] = fdset_remove(fds
, ipcns_fdpair
[0]);
7173 v
= startswith(p
, "ipcns-socket-1=");
7177 n
= strcspn(v
, " ");
7178 buf
= strndupa_safe(v
, n
);
7180 r
= safe_atoi(buf
, &ipcns_fdpair
[1]);
7182 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Unable to parse exec-runtime specification ipcns-socket-1=%s: %m", buf
);
7183 if (!fdset_contains(fds
, ipcns_fdpair
[1]))
7184 return log_debug_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EBADF
),
7185 "exec-runtime specification ipcns-socket-1= refers to unknown fd %d: %m", ipcns_fdpair
[1]);
7186 ipcns_fdpair
[1] = fdset_remove(fds
, ipcns_fdpair
[1]);
7190 r
= exec_runtime_add(m
, id
, &tmp_dir
, &var_tmp_dir
, netns_fdpair
, ipcns_fdpair
, NULL
);
7192 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to add exec-runtime: %m");
7196 void exec_runtime_vacuum(Manager
*m
) {
7201 /* Free unreferenced ExecRuntime objects. This is used after manager deserialization process. */
7203 HASHMAP_FOREACH(rt
, m
->exec_runtime_by_id
) {
7207 (void) exec_runtime_free(rt
, false);
7211 void exec_params_clear(ExecParameters
*p
) {
7215 p
->environment
= strv_free(p
->environment
);
7216 p
->fd_names
= strv_free(p
->fd_names
);
7217 p
->fds
= mfree(p
->fds
);
7218 p
->exec_fd
= safe_close(p
->exec_fd
);
7221 ExecSetCredential
*exec_set_credential_free(ExecSetCredential
*sc
) {
7230 ExecLoadCredential
*exec_load_credential_free(ExecLoadCredential
*lc
) {
7239 void exec_directory_done(ExecDirectory
*d
) {
7243 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< d
->n_items
; i
++) {
7244 free(d
->items
[i
].path
);
7245 strv_free(d
->items
[i
].symlinks
);
7248 d
->items
= mfree(d
->items
);
7253 static ExecDirectoryItem
*exec_directory_find(ExecDirectory
*d
, const char *path
) {
7257 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< d
->n_items
; i
++)
7258 if (path_equal(d
->items
[i
].path
, path
))
7259 return &d
->items
[i
];
7264 int exec_directory_add(ExecDirectory
*d
, const char *path
, const char *symlink
) {
7265 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **s
= NULL
;
7266 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
7267 ExecDirectoryItem
*existing
;
7273 existing
= exec_directory_find(d
, path
);
7275 r
= strv_extend(&existing
->symlinks
, symlink
);
7279 return 0; /* existing item is updated */
7287 s
= strv_new(symlink
);
7292 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(d
->items
, d
->n_items
+ 1))
7295 d
->items
[d
->n_items
++] = (ExecDirectoryItem
) {
7296 .path
= TAKE_PTR(p
),
7297 .symlinks
= TAKE_PTR(s
),
7300 return 1; /* new item is added */
7303 static int exec_directory_item_compare_func(const ExecDirectoryItem
*a
, const ExecDirectoryItem
*b
) {
7307 return path_compare(a
->path
, b
->path
);
7310 void exec_directory_sort(ExecDirectory
*d
) {
7313 /* Sort the exec directories to make always parent directories processed at first in
7314 * setup_exec_directory(), e.g., even if StateDirectory=foo/bar foo, we need to create foo at first,
7315 * then foo/bar. Also, set .only_create flag if one of the parent directories is contained in the
7316 * list. See also comments in setup_exec_directory() and issue #24783. */
7318 if (d
->n_items
<= 1)
7321 typesafe_qsort(d
->items
, d
->n_items
, exec_directory_item_compare_func
);
7323 for (size_t i
= 1; i
< d
->n_items
; i
++)
7324 for (size_t j
= 0; j
< i
; j
++)
7325 if (path_startswith(d
->items
[i
].path
, d
->items
[j
].path
)) {
7326 d
->items
[i
].only_create
= true;
7331 DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_VALUE_DESTRUCTOR(exec_set_credential_hash_ops
, char, string_hash_func
, string_compare_func
, ExecSetCredential
, exec_set_credential_free
);
7332 DEFINE_HASH_OPS_WITH_VALUE_DESTRUCTOR(exec_load_credential_hash_ops
, char, string_hash_func
, string_compare_func
, ExecLoadCredential
, exec_load_credential_free
);
7334 static const char* const exec_input_table
[_EXEC_INPUT_MAX
] = {
7335 [EXEC_INPUT_NULL
] = "null",
7336 [EXEC_INPUT_TTY
] = "tty",
7337 [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE
] = "tty-force",
7338 [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL
] = "tty-fail",
7339 [EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET
] = "socket",
7340 [EXEC_INPUT_NAMED_FD
] = "fd",
7341 [EXEC_INPUT_DATA
] = "data",
7342 [EXEC_INPUT_FILE
] = "file",
7345 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_input
, ExecInput
);
7347 static const char* const exec_output_table
[_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX
] = {
7348 [EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT
] = "inherit",
7349 [EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL
] = "null",
7350 [EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY
] = "tty",
7351 [EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG
] = "kmsg",
7352 [EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE
] = "kmsg+console",
7353 [EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL
] = "journal",
7354 [EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL_AND_CONSOLE
] = "journal+console",
7355 [EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET
] = "socket",
7356 [EXEC_OUTPUT_NAMED_FD
] = "fd",
7357 [EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE
] = "file",
7358 [EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_APPEND
] = "append",
7359 [EXEC_OUTPUT_FILE_TRUNCATE
] = "truncate",
7362 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_output
, ExecOutput
);
7364 static const char* const exec_utmp_mode_table
[_EXEC_UTMP_MODE_MAX
] = {
7365 [EXEC_UTMP_INIT
] = "init",
7366 [EXEC_UTMP_LOGIN
] = "login",
7367 [EXEC_UTMP_USER
] = "user",
7370 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_utmp_mode
, ExecUtmpMode
);
7372 static const char* const exec_preserve_mode_table
[_EXEC_PRESERVE_MODE_MAX
] = {
7373 [EXEC_PRESERVE_NO
] = "no",
7374 [EXEC_PRESERVE_YES
] = "yes",
7375 [EXEC_PRESERVE_RESTART
] = "restart",
7378 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_BOOLEAN(exec_preserve_mode
, ExecPreserveMode
, EXEC_PRESERVE_YES
);
7380 /* This table maps ExecDirectoryType to the setting it is configured with in the unit */
7381 static const char* const exec_directory_type_table
[_EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
] = {
7382 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
] = "RuntimeDirectory",
7383 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_STATE
] = "StateDirectory",
7384 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_CACHE
] = "CacheDirectory",
7385 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_LOGS
] = "LogsDirectory",
7386 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_CONFIGURATION
] = "ConfigurationDirectory",
7389 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_directory_type
, ExecDirectoryType
);
7391 /* This table maps ExecDirectoryType to the symlink setting it is configured with in the unit */
7392 static const char* const exec_directory_type_symlink_table
[_EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
] = {
7393 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
] = "RuntimeDirectorySymlink",
7394 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_STATE
] = "StateDirectorySymlink",
7395 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_CACHE
] = "CacheDirectorySymlink",
7396 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_LOGS
] = "LogsDirectorySymlink",
7397 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_CONFIGURATION
] = "ConfigurationDirectorySymlink",
7400 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_directory_type_symlink
, ExecDirectoryType
);
7402 /* And this table maps ExecDirectoryType too, but to a generic term identifying the type of resource. This
7403 * one is supposed to be generic enough to be used for unit types that don't use ExecContext and per-unit
7404 * directories, specifically .timer units with their timestamp touch file. */
7405 static const char* const exec_resource_type_table
[_EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
] = {
7406 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
] = "runtime",
7407 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_STATE
] = "state",
7408 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_CACHE
] = "cache",
7409 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_LOGS
] = "logs",
7410 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_CONFIGURATION
] = "configuration",
7413 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_resource_type
, ExecDirectoryType
);
7415 /* And this table also maps ExecDirectoryType, to the environment variable we pass the selected directory to
7416 * the service payload in. */
7417 static const char* const exec_directory_env_name_table
[_EXEC_DIRECTORY_TYPE_MAX
] = {
7418 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_RUNTIME
] = "RUNTIME_DIRECTORY",
7419 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_STATE
] = "STATE_DIRECTORY",
7420 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_CACHE
] = "CACHE_DIRECTORY",
7421 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_LOGS
] = "LOGS_DIRECTORY",
7422 [EXEC_DIRECTORY_CONFIGURATION
] = "CONFIGURATION_DIRECTORY",
7425 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(exec_directory_env_name
, ExecDirectoryType
);
7427 static const char* const exec_keyring_mode_table
[_EXEC_KEYRING_MODE_MAX
] = {
7428 [EXEC_KEYRING_INHERIT
] = "inherit",
7429 [EXEC_KEYRING_PRIVATE
] = "private",
7430 [EXEC_KEYRING_SHARED
] = "shared",
7433 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_keyring_mode
, ExecKeyringMode
);