1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later */
8 #include <linux/loop.h>
10 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
14 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
15 #include <sys/personality.h>
16 #include <sys/prctl.h>
17 #include <sys/types.h>
23 #include "sd-daemon.h"
26 #include "alloc-util.h"
28 #include "base-filesystem.h"
29 #include "blkid-util.h"
30 #include "btrfs-util.h"
32 #include "bus-error.h"
35 #include "capability-util.h"
36 #include "cgroup-util.h"
37 #include "chase-symlinks.h"
39 #include "cpu-set-util.h"
40 #include "creds-util.h"
41 #include "dev-setup.h"
42 #include "discover-image.h"
43 #include "dissect-image.h"
49 #include "format-util.h"
52 #include "hexdecoct.h"
53 #include "hostname-setup.h"
54 #include "hostname-util.h"
55 #include "id128-util.h"
58 #include "loop-util.h"
59 #include "loopback-setup.h"
61 #include "main-func.h"
62 #include "missing_sched.h"
64 #include "mount-util.h"
65 #include "mountpoint-util.h"
66 #include "namespace-util.h"
67 #include "netlink-util.h"
68 #include "nspawn-bind-user.h"
69 #include "nspawn-cgroup.h"
70 #include "nspawn-creds.h"
71 #include "nspawn-def.h"
72 #include "nspawn-expose-ports.h"
73 #include "nspawn-mount.h"
74 #include "nspawn-network.h"
75 #include "nspawn-oci.h"
76 #include "nspawn-patch-uid.h"
77 #include "nspawn-register.h"
78 #include "nspawn-seccomp.h"
79 #include "nspawn-settings.h"
80 #include "nspawn-setuid.h"
81 #include "nspawn-stub-pid1.h"
82 #include "nspawn-util.h"
84 #include "nulstr-util.h"
87 #include "parse-argument.h"
88 #include "parse-util.h"
89 #include "pretty-print.h"
90 #include "process-util.h"
92 #include "random-util.h"
93 #include "raw-clone.h"
94 #include "resolve-util.h"
95 #include "rlimit-util.h"
98 #include "seccomp-util.h"
100 #include "selinux-util.h"
101 #include "signal-util.h"
102 #include "socket-util.h"
103 #include "stat-util.h"
104 #include "stdio-util.h"
105 #include "string-table.h"
106 #include "string-util.h"
108 #include "sysctl-util.h"
109 #include "terminal-util.h"
110 #include "tmpfile-util.h"
111 #include "umask-util.h"
112 #include "unit-name.h"
113 #include "user-util.h"
115 /* The notify socket inside the container it can use to talk to nspawn using the sd_notify(3) protocol */
116 #define NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH "/run/host/notify"
117 #define NSPAWN_MOUNT_TUNNEL "/run/host/incoming"
119 #define EXIT_FORCE_RESTART 133
121 typedef enum ContainerStatus
{
122 CONTAINER_TERMINATED
,
126 static char *arg_directory
= NULL
;
127 static char *arg_template
= NULL
;
128 static char *arg_chdir
= NULL
;
129 static char *arg_pivot_root_new
= NULL
;
130 static char *arg_pivot_root_old
= NULL
;
131 static char *arg_user
= NULL
;
132 static uid_t arg_uid
= UID_INVALID
;
133 static gid_t arg_gid
= GID_INVALID
;
134 static gid_t
* arg_supplementary_gids
= NULL
;
135 static size_t arg_n_supplementary_gids
= 0;
136 static sd_id128_t arg_uuid
= {};
137 static char *arg_machine
= NULL
; /* The name used by the host to refer to this */
138 static char *arg_hostname
= NULL
; /* The name the payload sees by default */
139 static const char *arg_selinux_context
= NULL
;
140 static const char *arg_selinux_apifs_context
= NULL
;
141 static char *arg_slice
= NULL
;
142 static bool arg_private_network
= false;
143 static bool arg_read_only
= false;
144 static StartMode arg_start_mode
= START_PID1
;
145 static bool arg_ephemeral
= false;
146 static LinkJournal arg_link_journal
= LINK_AUTO
;
147 static bool arg_link_journal_try
= false;
148 static uint64_t arg_caps_retain
=
149 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL
) |
150 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_WRITE
) |
151 (1ULL << CAP_CHOWN
) |
152 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
) |
153 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
) |
154 (1ULL << CAP_FOWNER
) |
155 (1ULL << CAP_FSETID
) |
156 (1ULL << CAP_IPC_OWNER
) |
158 (1ULL << CAP_LEASE
) |
159 (1ULL << CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE
) |
160 (1ULL << CAP_MKNOD
) |
161 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
) |
162 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BROADCAST
) |
163 (1ULL << CAP_NET_RAW
) |
164 (1ULL << CAP_SETFCAP
) |
165 (1ULL << CAP_SETGID
) |
166 (1ULL << CAP_SETPCAP
) |
167 (1ULL << CAP_SETUID
) |
168 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN
) |
169 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_BOOT
) |
170 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_CHROOT
) |
171 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_NICE
) |
172 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_PTRACE
) |
173 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
) |
174 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG
);
175 static uint64_t arg_caps_ambient
= 0;
176 static CapabilityQuintet arg_full_capabilities
= CAPABILITY_QUINTET_NULL
;
177 static CustomMount
*arg_custom_mounts
= NULL
;
178 static size_t arg_n_custom_mounts
= 0;
179 static char **arg_setenv
= NULL
;
180 static bool arg_quiet
= false;
181 static bool arg_register
= true;
182 static bool arg_keep_unit
= false;
183 static char **arg_network_interfaces
= NULL
;
184 static char **arg_network_macvlan
= NULL
;
185 static char **arg_network_ipvlan
= NULL
;
186 static bool arg_network_veth
= false;
187 static char **arg_network_veth_extra
= NULL
;
188 static char *arg_network_bridge
= NULL
;
189 static char *arg_network_zone
= NULL
;
190 static char *arg_network_namespace_path
= NULL
;
191 static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags
= 0;
192 static unsigned long arg_personality
= PERSONALITY_INVALID
;
193 static char *arg_image
= NULL
;
194 static char *arg_oci_bundle
= NULL
;
195 static VolatileMode arg_volatile_mode
= VOLATILE_NO
;
196 static ExposePort
*arg_expose_ports
= NULL
;
197 static char **arg_property
= NULL
;
198 static sd_bus_message
*arg_property_message
= NULL
;
199 static UserNamespaceMode arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
;
200 static uid_t arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
, arg_uid_range
= 0x10000U
;
201 static UserNamespaceOwnership arg_userns_ownership
= _USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_INVALID
;
202 static int arg_kill_signal
= 0;
203 static CGroupUnified arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
;
204 static SettingsMask arg_settings_mask
= 0;
205 static int arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
206 static char **arg_parameters
= NULL
;
207 static const char *arg_container_service_name
= "systemd-nspawn";
208 static bool arg_notify_ready
= false;
209 static bool arg_use_cgns
= true;
210 static unsigned long arg_clone_ns_flags
= CLONE_NEWIPC
|CLONE_NEWPID
|CLONE_NEWUTS
;
211 static MountSettingsMask arg_mount_settings
= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
|MOUNT_APPLY_TMPFS_TMP
;
212 static VeritySettings arg_verity_settings
= VERITY_SETTINGS_DEFAULT
;
213 static char **arg_syscall_allow_list
= NULL
;
214 static char **arg_syscall_deny_list
= NULL
;
216 static scmp_filter_ctx arg_seccomp
= NULL
;
218 static struct rlimit
*arg_rlimit
[_RLIMIT_MAX
] = {};
219 static bool arg_no_new_privileges
= false;
220 static int arg_oom_score_adjust
= 0;
221 static bool arg_oom_score_adjust_set
= false;
222 static CPUSet arg_cpu_set
= {};
223 static ResolvConfMode arg_resolv_conf
= RESOLV_CONF_AUTO
;
224 static TimezoneMode arg_timezone
= TIMEZONE_AUTO
;
225 static unsigned arg_console_width
= UINT_MAX
, arg_console_height
= UINT_MAX
;
226 static DeviceNode
* arg_extra_nodes
= NULL
;
227 static size_t arg_n_extra_nodes
= 0;
228 static char **arg_sysctl
= NULL
;
229 static ConsoleMode arg_console_mode
= _CONSOLE_MODE_INVALID
;
230 static Credential
*arg_credentials
= NULL
;
231 static size_t arg_n_credentials
= 0;
232 static char **arg_bind_user
= NULL
;
233 static bool arg_suppress_sync
= false;
234 static char *arg_settings_filename
= NULL
;
236 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_directory
, freep
);
237 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_template
, freep
);
238 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_chdir
, freep
);
239 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_pivot_root_new
, freep
);
240 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_pivot_root_old
, freep
);
241 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_user
, freep
);
242 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_supplementary_gids
, freep
);
243 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_machine
, freep
);
244 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_hostname
, freep
);
245 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_slice
, freep
);
246 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_setenv
, strv_freep
);
247 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_interfaces
, strv_freep
);
248 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_macvlan
, strv_freep
);
249 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_ipvlan
, strv_freep
);
250 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_veth_extra
, strv_freep
);
251 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_bridge
, freep
);
252 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_zone
, freep
);
253 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_namespace_path
, freep
);
254 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_image
, freep
);
255 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_oci_bundle
, freep
);
256 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_property
, strv_freep
);
257 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_property_message
, sd_bus_message_unrefp
);
258 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_parameters
, strv_freep
);
259 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_verity_settings
, verity_settings_done
);
260 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_syscall_allow_list
, strv_freep
);
261 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_syscall_deny_list
, strv_freep
);
263 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_seccomp
, seccomp_releasep
);
265 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_cpu_set
, cpu_set_reset
);
266 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_sysctl
, strv_freep
);
267 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_bind_user
, strv_freep
);
268 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_settings_filename
, freep
);
270 static int handle_arg_console(const char *arg
) {
271 if (streq(arg
, "help")) {
280 if (streq(arg
, "interactive"))
281 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
;
282 else if (streq(arg
, "read-only"))
283 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_READ_ONLY
;
284 else if (streq(arg
, "passive"))
285 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_PASSIVE
;
286 else if (streq(arg
, "pipe")) {
287 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) > 0 && isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
) > 0)
288 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_NOTICE
,
289 "Console mode 'pipe' selected, but standard input/output are connected to an interactive TTY. "
290 "Most likely you want to use 'interactive' console mode for proper interactivity and shell job control. "
291 "Proceeding anyway.");
293 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_PIPE
;
294 } else if (streq(arg
, "autopipe")) {
295 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) > 0 && isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
) > 0)
296 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
;
298 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_PIPE
;
300 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Unknown console mode: %s", optarg
);
302 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CONSOLE_MODE
;
306 static int help(void) {
307 _cleanup_free_
char *link
= NULL
;
310 pager_open(arg_pager_flags
);
312 r
= terminal_urlify_man("systemd-nspawn", "1", &link
);
316 printf("%1$s [OPTIONS...] [PATH] [ARGUMENTS...]\n\n"
317 "%5$sSpawn a command or OS in a light-weight container.%6$s\n\n"
318 " -h --help Show this help\n"
319 " --version Print version string\n"
320 " -q --quiet Do not show status information\n"
321 " --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
322 " --settings=BOOLEAN Load additional settings from .nspawn file\n\n"
324 " -D --directory=PATH Root directory for the container\n"
325 " --template=PATH Initialize root directory from template directory,\n"
327 " -x --ephemeral Run container with snapshot of root directory, and\n"
328 " remove it after exit\n"
329 " -i --image=PATH Root file system disk image (or device node) for\n"
331 " --oci-bundle=PATH OCI bundle directory\n"
332 " --read-only Mount the root directory read-only\n"
333 " --volatile[=MODE] Run the system in volatile mode\n"
334 " --root-hash=HASH Specify verity root hash for root disk image\n"
335 " --root-hash-sig=SIG Specify pkcs7 signature of root hash for verity\n"
336 " as a DER encoded PKCS7, either as a path to a file\n"
337 " or as an ASCII base64 encoded string prefixed by\n"
339 " --verity-data=PATH Specify hash device for verity\n"
340 " --pivot-root=PATH[:PATH]\n"
341 " Pivot root to given directory in the container\n\n"
342 "%3$sExecution:%4$s\n"
343 " -a --as-pid2 Maintain a stub init as PID1, invoke binary as PID2\n"
344 " -b --boot Boot up full system (i.e. invoke init)\n"
345 " --chdir=PATH Set working directory in the container\n"
346 " -E --setenv=NAME[=VALUE] Pass an environment variable to PID 1\n"
347 " -u --user=USER Run the command under specified user or UID\n"
348 " --kill-signal=SIGNAL Select signal to use for shutting down PID 1\n"
349 " --notify-ready=BOOLEAN Receive notifications from the child init process\n"
350 " --suppress-sync=BOOLEAN\n"
351 " Suppress any form of disk data synchronization\n\n"
352 "%3$sSystem Identity:%4$s\n"
353 " -M --machine=NAME Set the machine name for the container\n"
354 " --hostname=NAME Override the hostname for the container\n"
355 " --uuid=UUID Set a specific machine UUID for the container\n\n"
356 "%3$sProperties:%4$s\n"
357 " -S --slice=SLICE Place the container in the specified slice\n"
358 " --property=NAME=VALUE Set scope unit property\n"
359 " --register=BOOLEAN Register container as machine\n"
360 " --keep-unit Do not register a scope for the machine, reuse\n"
361 " the service unit nspawn is running in\n\n"
362 "%3$sUser Namespacing:%4$s\n"
363 " --private-users=no Run without user namespacing\n"
364 " --private-users=yes|pick|identity\n"
365 " Run within user namespace, autoselect UID/GID range\n"
366 " --private-users=UIDBASE[:NUIDS]\n"
367 " Similar, but with user configured UID/GID range\n"
368 " --private-users-ownership=MODE\n"
369 " Adjust ('chown') or map ('map') OS tree ownership\n"
370 " to private UID/GID range\n"
371 " -U Equivalent to --private-users=pick and\n"
372 " --private-users-ownership=auto\n\n"
373 "%3$sNetworking:%4$s\n"
374 " --private-network Disable network in container\n"
375 " --network-interface=INTERFACE\n"
376 " Assign an existing network interface to the\n"
378 " --network-macvlan=INTERFACE\n"
379 " Create a macvlan network interface based on an\n"
380 " existing network interface to the container\n"
381 " --network-ipvlan=INTERFACE\n"
382 " Create an ipvlan network interface based on an\n"
383 " existing network interface to the container\n"
384 " -n --network-veth Add a virtual Ethernet connection between host\n"
386 " --network-veth-extra=HOSTIF[:CONTAINERIF]\n"
387 " Add an additional virtual Ethernet link between\n"
388 " host and container\n"
389 " --network-bridge=INTERFACE\n"
390 " Add a virtual Ethernet connection to the container\n"
391 " and attach it to an existing bridge on the host\n"
392 " --network-zone=NAME Similar, but attach the new interface to an\n"
393 " an automatically managed bridge interface\n"
394 " --network-namespace-path=PATH\n"
395 " Set network namespace to the one represented by\n"
396 " the specified kernel namespace file node\n"
397 " -p --port=[PROTOCOL:]HOSTPORT[:CONTAINERPORT]\n"
398 " Expose a container IP port on the host\n\n"
399 "%3$sSecurity:%4$s\n"
400 " --capability=CAP In addition to the default, retain specified\n"
402 " --drop-capability=CAP Drop the specified capability from the default set\n"
403 " --ambient-capability=CAP\n"
404 " Sets the specified capability for the started\n"
405 " process. Not useful if booting a machine.\n"
406 " --no-new-privileges Set PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS flag for container payload\n"
407 " --system-call-filter=LIST|~LIST\n"
408 " Permit/prohibit specific system calls\n"
409 " -Z --selinux-context=SECLABEL\n"
410 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
411 " processes in the container\n"
412 " -L --selinux-apifs-context=SECLABEL\n"
413 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
414 " API/tmpfs file systems in the container\n\n"
415 "%3$sResources:%4$s\n"
416 " --rlimit=NAME=LIMIT Set a resource limit for the payload\n"
417 " --oom-score-adjust=VALUE\n"
418 " Adjust the OOM score value for the payload\n"
419 " --cpu-affinity=CPUS Adjust the CPU affinity of the container\n"
420 " --personality=ARCH Pick personality for this container\n\n"
421 "%3$sIntegration:%4$s\n"
422 " --resolv-conf=MODE Select mode of /etc/resolv.conf initialization\n"
423 " --timezone=MODE Select mode of /etc/localtime initialization\n"
424 " --link-journal=MODE Link up guest journal, one of no, auto, guest, \n"
425 " host, try-guest, try-host\n"
426 " -j Equivalent to --link-journal=try-guest\n\n"
428 " --bind=PATH[:PATH[:OPTIONS]]\n"
429 " Bind mount a file or directory from the host into\n"
431 " --bind-ro=PATH[:PATH[:OPTIONS]\n"
432 " Similar, but creates a read-only bind mount\n"
433 " --inaccessible=PATH Over-mount file node with inaccessible node to mask\n"
435 " --tmpfs=PATH:[OPTIONS] Mount an empty tmpfs to the specified directory\n"
436 " --overlay=PATH[:PATH...]:PATH\n"
437 " Create an overlay mount from the host to \n"
439 " --overlay-ro=PATH[:PATH...]:PATH\n"
440 " Similar, but creates a read-only overlay mount\n"
441 " --bind-user=NAME Bind user from host to container\n\n"
442 "%3$sInput/Output:%4$s\n"
443 " --console=MODE Select how stdin/stdout/stderr and /dev/console are\n"
444 " set up for the container.\n"
445 " -P --pipe Equivalent to --console=pipe\n\n"
446 "%3$sCredentials:%4$s\n"
447 " --set-credential=ID:VALUE\n"
448 " Pass a credential with literal value to container.\n"
449 " --load-credential=ID:PATH\n"
450 " Load credential to pass to container from file or\n"
451 " AF_UNIX stream socket.\n"
452 "\nSee the %2$s for details.\n",
453 program_invocation_short_name
,
463 static int custom_mount_check_all(void) {
466 for (i
= 0; i
< arg_n_custom_mounts
; i
++) {
467 CustomMount
*m
= &arg_custom_mounts
[i
];
469 if (path_equal(m
->destination
, "/") && arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
470 if (arg_userns_ownership
!= USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_OFF
)
471 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
472 "--private-users-ownership=own may not be combined with custom root mounts.");
473 if (arg_uid_shift
== UID_INVALID
)
474 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
475 "--private-users with automatic UID shift may not be combined with custom root mounts.");
482 static int detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment(void) {
483 const char *e
, *var
= "SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_UNIFIED_HIERARCHY";
486 /* Allow the user to control whether the unified hierarchy is used */
490 /* $UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY has been renamed to $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_UNIFIED_HIERARCHY. */
491 var
= "UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY";
496 r
= parse_boolean(e
);
498 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $%s: %m", var
);
500 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL
;
502 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
508 static int detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_image(const char *directory
) {
511 /* Let's inherit the mode to use from the host system, but let's take into consideration what systemd
512 * in the image actually supports. */
513 r
= cg_all_unified();
515 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether we are in all unified mode.");
517 /* Unified cgroup hierarchy support was added in 230. Unfortunately the detection
518 * routine only detects 231, so we'll have a false negative here for 230. */
519 r
= systemd_installation_has_version(directory
, "230");
521 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine systemd version in container: %m");
523 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL
;
525 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
526 } else if (cg_unified_controller(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER
) > 0) {
527 /* Mixed cgroup hierarchy support was added in 233 */
528 r
= systemd_installation_has_version(directory
, "233");
530 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine systemd version in container: %m");
532 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD
;
534 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
536 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
538 log_debug("Using %s hierarchy for container.",
539 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
? "legacy" :
540 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD
? "hybrid" : "unified");
545 static int parse_capability_spec(const char *spec
, uint64_t *ret_mask
) {
550 _cleanup_free_
char *t
= NULL
;
552 r
= extract_first_word(&spec
, &t
, ",", 0);
554 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse capability %s.", t
);
558 if (streq(t
, "help")) {
559 for (int i
= 0; i
< capability_list_length(); i
++) {
562 name
= capability_to_name(i
);
573 r
= capability_from_name(t
);
575 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse capability %s.", t
);
582 return 1; /* continue */
585 static int parse_share_ns_env(const char *name
, unsigned long ns_flag
) {
588 r
= getenv_bool(name
);
592 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $%s: %m", name
);
594 arg_clone_ns_flags
= (arg_clone_ns_flags
& ~ns_flag
) | (r
> 0 ? 0 : ns_flag
);
595 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CLONE_NS_FLAGS
;
599 static int parse_mount_settings_env(void) {
603 r
= getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_TMPFS_TMP");
604 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -ENXIO
)
605 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_TMPFS_TMP: %m");
607 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_TMPFS_TMP
, r
> 0);
609 e
= getenv("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_API_VFS_WRITABLE");
610 if (streq_ptr(e
, "network"))
611 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
|MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
;
614 r
= parse_boolean(e
);
616 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_API_VFS_WRITABLE: %m");
618 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
, r
== 0);
619 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
, false);
625 static int parse_environment(void) {
629 r
= parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_IPC", CLONE_NEWIPC
);
632 r
= parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_PID", CLONE_NEWPID
);
635 r
= parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_UTS", CLONE_NEWUTS
);
638 r
= parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_SYSTEM", CLONE_NEWIPC
|CLONE_NEWPID
|CLONE_NEWUTS
);
642 r
= parse_mount_settings_env();
646 /* SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS=0 can be used to disable CLONE_NEWCGROUP use,
647 * even if it is supported. If not supported, it has no effect. */
648 if (!cg_ns_supported())
649 arg_use_cgns
= false;
651 r
= getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS");
654 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS: %m");
658 arg_use_cgns
= r
> 0;
659 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USE_CGNS
;
663 e
= getenv("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_CONTAINER_SERVICE");
665 arg_container_service_name
= e
;
667 r
= getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_SUPPRESS_SYNC");
669 arg_suppress_sync
= r
;
670 else if (r
!= -ENXIO
)
671 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_SUPPRESS_SYNC, ignoring: %m");
673 return detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment();
676 static int parse_argv(int argc
, char *argv
[]) {
683 ARG_AMBIENT_CAPABILITY
,
695 ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
,
700 ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
,
701 ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
,
711 ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
,
712 ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_OWNERSHIP
,
717 ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
,
720 ARG_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
,
721 ARG_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
,
735 static const struct option options
[] = {
736 { "help", no_argument
, NULL
, 'h' },
737 { "version", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VERSION
},
738 { "directory", required_argument
, NULL
, 'D' },
739 { "template", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TEMPLATE
},
740 { "ephemeral", no_argument
, NULL
, 'x' },
741 { "user", required_argument
, NULL
, 'u' },
742 { "private-network", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK
},
743 { "as-pid2", no_argument
, NULL
, 'a' },
744 { "boot", no_argument
, NULL
, 'b' },
745 { "uuid", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_UUID
},
746 { "read-only", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_READ_ONLY
},
747 { "capability", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CAPABILITY
},
748 { "ambient-capability", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_AMBIENT_CAPABILITY
},
749 { "drop-capability", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY
},
750 { "no-new-privileges", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
},
751 { "link-journal", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_LINK_JOURNAL
},
752 { "bind", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_BIND
},
753 { "bind-ro", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_BIND_RO
},
754 { "tmpfs", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TMPFS
},
755 { "overlay", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OVERLAY
},
756 { "overlay-ro", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OVERLAY_RO
},
757 { "inaccessible", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_INACCESSIBLE
},
758 { "machine", required_argument
, NULL
, 'M' },
759 { "hostname", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_HOSTNAME
},
760 { "slice", required_argument
, NULL
, 'S' },
761 { "setenv", required_argument
, NULL
, 'E' },
762 { "selinux-context", required_argument
, NULL
, 'Z' },
763 { "selinux-apifs-context", required_argument
, NULL
, 'L' },
764 { "quiet", no_argument
, NULL
, 'q' },
765 { "share-system", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM
}, /* not documented */
766 { "register", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_REGISTER
},
767 { "keep-unit", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_KEEP_UNIT
},
768 { "network-interface", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
},
769 { "network-macvlan", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN
},
770 { "network-ipvlan", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_IPVLAN
},
771 { "network-veth", no_argument
, NULL
, 'n' },
772 { "network-veth-extra", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
},
773 { "network-bridge", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE
},
774 { "network-zone", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_ZONE
},
775 { "network-namespace-path", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
},
776 { "personality", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PERSONALITY
},
777 { "image", required_argument
, NULL
, 'i' },
778 { "volatile", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VOLATILE
},
779 { "port", required_argument
, NULL
, 'p' },
780 { "property", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PROPERTY
},
781 { "private-users", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_USERS
},
782 { "private-users-chown", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
}, /* obsolete */
783 { "private-users-ownership",required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_OWNERSHIP
},
784 { "kill-signal", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_KILL_SIGNAL
},
785 { "settings", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SETTINGS
},
786 { "chdir", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CHDIR
},
787 { "pivot-root", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PIVOT_ROOT
},
788 { "notify-ready", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NOTIFY_READY
},
789 { "root-hash", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_ROOT_HASH
},
790 { "root-hash-sig", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_ROOT_HASH_SIG
},
791 { "verity-data", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VERITY_DATA
},
792 { "system-call-filter", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
},
793 { "rlimit", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_RLIMIT
},
794 { "oom-score-adjust", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
},
795 { "cpu-affinity", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CPU_AFFINITY
},
796 { "resolv-conf", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_RESOLV_CONF
},
797 { "timezone", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TIMEZONE
},
798 { "console", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CONSOLE
},
799 { "pipe", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PIPE
},
800 { "oci-bundle", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OCI_BUNDLE
},
801 { "no-pager", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NO_PAGER
},
802 { "set-credential", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SET_CREDENTIAL
},
803 { "load-credential", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_LOAD_CREDENTIAL
},
804 { "bind-user", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_BIND_USER
},
805 { "suppress-sync", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SUPPRESS_SYNC
},
810 uint64_t plus
= 0, minus
= 0;
811 bool mask_all_settings
= false, mask_no_settings
= false;
816 while ((c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "+hD:u:abL:M:jS:Z:qi:xp:nUE:P", options
, NULL
)) >= 0)
826 r
= parse_path_argument(optarg
, false, &arg_directory
);
830 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_DIRECTORY
;
834 r
= parse_path_argument(optarg
, false, &arg_template
);
838 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_DIRECTORY
;
842 r
= parse_path_argument(optarg
, false, &arg_image
);
846 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_DIRECTORY
;
850 r
= parse_path_argument(optarg
, false, &arg_oci_bundle
);
857 arg_ephemeral
= true;
858 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_EPHEMERAL
;
862 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_user
, optarg
);
866 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USER
;
869 case ARG_NETWORK_ZONE
: {
872 j
= strjoin("vz-", optarg
);
876 if (!ifname_valid(j
)) {
877 log_error("Network zone name not valid: %s", j
);
882 free_and_replace(arg_network_zone
, j
);
884 arg_network_veth
= true;
885 arg_private_network
= true;
886 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
890 case ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE
:
892 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
893 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
894 "Bridge interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
896 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_network_bridge
, optarg
);
902 arg_network_veth
= true;
903 arg_private_network
= true;
904 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
907 case ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
:
908 r
= veth_extra_parse(&arg_network_veth_extra
, optarg
);
910 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --network-veth-extra= parameter: %s", optarg
);
912 arg_private_network
= true;
913 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
916 case ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
:
917 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
918 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
919 "Network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
921 r
= test_network_interface_initialized(optarg
);
925 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_interfaces
, optarg
) < 0)
928 arg_private_network
= true;
929 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
932 case ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN
:
934 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
935 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
936 "MACVLAN network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
938 r
= test_network_interface_initialized(optarg
);
942 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_macvlan
, optarg
) < 0)
945 arg_private_network
= true;
946 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
949 case ARG_NETWORK_IPVLAN
:
951 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
952 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
953 "IPVLAN network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
955 r
= test_network_interface_initialized(optarg
);
959 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_ipvlan
, optarg
) < 0)
963 case ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK
:
964 arg_private_network
= true;
965 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
968 case ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
:
969 r
= parse_path_argument(optarg
, false, &arg_network_namespace_path
);
973 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
977 if (arg_start_mode
== START_PID2
)
978 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
979 "--boot and --as-pid2 may not be combined.");
981 arg_start_mode
= START_BOOT
;
982 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
986 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
)
987 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
988 "--boot and --as-pid2 may not be combined.");
990 arg_start_mode
= START_PID2
;
991 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
995 r
= sd_id128_from_string(optarg
, &arg_uuid
);
997 return log_error_errno(r
, "Invalid UUID: %s", optarg
);
999 if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
))
1000 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1001 "Machine UUID may not be all zeroes.");
1003 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_MACHINE_ID
;
1007 _cleanup_free_
char *mangled
= NULL
;
1009 r
= unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(optarg
, NULL
, UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_WARN
, ".slice", &mangled
);
1013 free_and_replace(arg_slice
, mangled
);
1014 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_SLICE
;
1019 if (isempty(optarg
))
1020 arg_machine
= mfree(arg_machine
);
1022 if (!hostname_is_valid(optarg
, 0))
1023 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1024 "Invalid machine name: %s", optarg
);
1026 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_machine
, optarg
);
1033 if (isempty(optarg
))
1034 arg_hostname
= mfree(arg_hostname
);
1036 if (!hostname_is_valid(optarg
, 0))
1037 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1038 "Invalid hostname: %s", optarg
);
1040 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_hostname
, optarg
);
1045 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_HOSTNAME
;
1049 arg_selinux_context
= optarg
;
1053 arg_selinux_apifs_context
= optarg
;
1057 arg_read_only
= true;
1058 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_READ_ONLY
;
1061 case ARG_AMBIENT_CAPABILITY
: {
1063 r
= parse_capability_spec(optarg
, &m
);
1066 arg_caps_ambient
|= m
;
1067 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CAPABILITY
;
1070 case ARG_CAPABILITY
:
1071 case ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY
: {
1073 r
= parse_capability_spec(optarg
, &m
);
1077 if (c
== ARG_CAPABILITY
)
1081 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CAPABILITY
;
1084 case ARG_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
:
1085 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1087 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --no-new-privileges= argument: %s", optarg
);
1089 arg_no_new_privileges
= r
;
1090 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
;
1094 arg_link_journal
= LINK_GUEST
;
1095 arg_link_journal_try
= true;
1096 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_LINK_JOURNAL
;
1099 case ARG_LINK_JOURNAL
:
1100 r
= parse_link_journal(optarg
, &arg_link_journal
, &arg_link_journal_try
);
1102 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse link journal mode %s", optarg
);
1104 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_LINK_JOURNAL
;
1109 r
= bind_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
, c
== ARG_BIND_RO
);
1111 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --bind(-ro)= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1113 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
1117 r
= tmpfs_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
);
1119 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --tmpfs= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1121 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
1125 case ARG_OVERLAY_RO
:
1126 r
= overlay_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
, c
== ARG_OVERLAY_RO
);
1127 if (r
== -EADDRNOTAVAIL
)
1128 return log_error_errno(r
, "--overlay(-ro)= needs at least two colon-separated directories specified.");
1130 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --overlay(-ro)= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1132 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
1135 case ARG_INACCESSIBLE
:
1136 r
= inaccessible_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
);
1138 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --inaccessible= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1140 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
1144 r
= strv_env_replace_strdup_passthrough(&arg_setenv
, optarg
);
1146 return log_error_errno(r
, "Cannot assign environment variable %s: %m", optarg
);
1148 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_ENVIRONMENT
;
1155 case ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM
:
1156 /* We don't officially support this anymore, except for compat reasons. People should use the
1157 * $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_* environment variables instead. */
1158 log_warning("Please do not use --share-system anymore, use $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_* instead.");
1159 arg_clone_ns_flags
= 0;
1163 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1165 log_error("Failed to parse --register= argument: %s", optarg
);
1173 arg_keep_unit
= true;
1176 case ARG_PERSONALITY
:
1178 arg_personality
= personality_from_string(optarg
);
1179 if (arg_personality
== PERSONALITY_INVALID
)
1180 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1181 "Unknown or unsupported personality '%s'.", optarg
);
1183 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_PERSONALITY
;
1189 arg_volatile_mode
= VOLATILE_YES
;
1190 else if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1191 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(volatile_mode
, VolatileMode
, _VOLATILE_MODE_MAX
);
1196 m
= volatile_mode_from_string(optarg
);
1198 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1199 "Failed to parse --volatile= argument: %s", optarg
);
1201 arg_volatile_mode
= m
;
1204 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_VOLATILE_MODE
;
1208 r
= expose_port_parse(&arg_expose_ports
, optarg
);
1210 return log_error_errno(r
, "Duplicate port specification: %s", optarg
);
1212 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse host port %s: %m", optarg
);
1214 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_EXPOSE_PORTS
;
1218 if (strv_extend(&arg_property
, optarg
) < 0)
1223 case ARG_PRIVATE_USERS
: {
1228 else if (!in_charset(optarg
, DIGITS
))
1229 /* do *not* parse numbers as booleans */
1230 boolean
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1235 /* no: User namespacing off */
1236 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
;
1237 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1238 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1239 } else if (boolean
> 0) {
1240 /* yes: User namespacing on, UID range is read from root dir */
1241 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_FIXED
;
1242 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1243 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1244 } else if (streq(optarg
, "pick")) {
1245 /* pick: User namespacing on, UID range is picked randomly */
1246 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
; /* Note that arg_userns_ownership is
1247 * implied by USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
1249 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1250 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1252 } else if (streq(optarg
, "identity")) {
1253 /* identity: User namespaces on, UID range is map the 0…0xFFFF range to
1254 * itself, i.e. we don't actually map anything, but do take benefit of
1255 * isolation of capability sets. */
1256 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_FIXED
;
1258 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1260 _cleanup_free_
char *buffer
= NULL
;
1261 const char *range
, *shift
;
1263 /* anything else: User namespacing on, UID range is explicitly configured */
1265 range
= strchr(optarg
, ':');
1267 buffer
= strndup(optarg
, range
- optarg
);
1273 r
= safe_atou32(range
, &arg_uid_range
);
1275 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse UID range \"%s\": %m", range
);
1279 r
= parse_uid(shift
, &arg_uid_shift
);
1281 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse UID \"%s\": %m", optarg
);
1283 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_FIXED
;
1285 if (!userns_shift_range_valid(arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
))
1286 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "UID range cannot be empty or go beyond " UID_FMT
".", UID_INVALID
);
1289 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1294 if (userns_supported()) {
1295 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
; /* Note that arg_userns_ownership is
1296 * implied by USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
1298 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1299 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1301 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1306 case ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
:
1307 arg_userns_ownership
= USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_CHOWN
;
1309 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1312 case ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_OWNERSHIP
:
1313 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1314 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(user_namespace_ownership
, UserNamespaceOwnership
, _USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_MAX
);
1318 arg_userns_ownership
= user_namespace_ownership_from_string(optarg
);
1319 if (arg_userns_ownership
< 0)
1320 return log_error_errno(arg_userns_ownership
, "Cannot parse --user-namespace-ownership= value: %s", optarg
);
1322 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1325 case ARG_KILL_SIGNAL
:
1326 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1327 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(signal
, int, _NSIG
);
1331 arg_kill_signal
= signal_from_string(optarg
);
1332 if (arg_kill_signal
< 0)
1333 return log_error_errno(arg_kill_signal
, "Cannot parse signal: %s", optarg
);
1335 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_KILL_SIGNAL
;
1340 /* no → do not read files
1341 * yes → read files, do not override cmdline, trust only subset
1342 * override → read files, override cmdline, trust only subset
1343 * trusted → read files, do not override cmdline, trust all
1346 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1348 if (streq(optarg
, "trusted")) {
1349 mask_all_settings
= false;
1350 mask_no_settings
= false;
1351 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
1353 } else if (streq(optarg
, "override")) {
1354 mask_all_settings
= false;
1355 mask_no_settings
= true;
1356 arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
1358 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --settings= argument: %s", optarg
);
1361 mask_all_settings
= false;
1362 mask_no_settings
= false;
1363 arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
1366 mask_all_settings
= true;
1367 mask_no_settings
= false;
1368 arg_settings_trusted
= false;
1374 if (!path_is_absolute(optarg
))
1375 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1376 "Working directory %s is not an absolute path.", optarg
);
1378 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_chdir
, optarg
);
1382 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_WORKING_DIRECTORY
;
1385 case ARG_PIVOT_ROOT
:
1386 r
= pivot_root_parse(&arg_pivot_root_new
, &arg_pivot_root_old
, optarg
);
1388 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --pivot-root= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1390 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_PIVOT_ROOT
;
1393 case ARG_NOTIFY_READY
:
1394 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1396 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1397 "%s is not a valid notify mode. Valid modes are: yes, no, and ready.", optarg
);
1398 arg_notify_ready
= r
;
1399 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NOTIFY_READY
;
1402 case ARG_ROOT_HASH
: {
1403 _cleanup_free_
void *k
= NULL
;
1406 r
= unhexmem(optarg
, strlen(optarg
), &k
, &l
);
1408 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse root hash: %s", optarg
);
1409 if (l
< sizeof(sd_id128_t
))
1410 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Root hash must be at least 128bit long: %s", optarg
);
1412 free_and_replace(arg_verity_settings
.root_hash
, k
);
1413 arg_verity_settings
.root_hash_size
= l
;
1417 case ARG_ROOT_HASH_SIG
: {
1422 if ((value
= startswith(optarg
, "base64:"))) {
1423 r
= unbase64mem(value
, strlen(value
), &p
, &l
);
1425 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse root hash signature '%s': %m", optarg
);
1428 r
= read_full_file(optarg
, (char**) &p
, &l
);
1430 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed parse root hash signature file '%s': %m", optarg
);
1433 free_and_replace(arg_verity_settings
.root_hash_sig
, p
);
1434 arg_verity_settings
.root_hash_sig_size
= l
;
1438 case ARG_VERITY_DATA
:
1439 r
= parse_path_argument(optarg
, false, &arg_verity_settings
.data_path
);
1444 case ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
: {
1448 negative
= optarg
[0] == '~';
1449 items
= negative
? optarg
+ 1 : optarg
;
1452 _cleanup_free_
char *word
= NULL
;
1454 r
= extract_first_word(&items
, &word
, NULL
, 0);
1460 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse system call filter: %m");
1463 r
= strv_extend(&arg_syscall_deny_list
, word
);
1465 r
= strv_extend(&arg_syscall_allow_list
, word
);
1470 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_SYSCALL_FILTER
;
1476 _cleanup_free_
char *name
= NULL
;
1479 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1480 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(rlimit
, int, _RLIMIT_MAX
);
1484 eq
= strchr(optarg
, '=');
1486 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1487 "--rlimit= expects an '=' assignment.");
1489 name
= strndup(optarg
, eq
- optarg
);
1493 rl
= rlimit_from_string_harder(name
);
1495 return log_error_errno(rl
, "Unknown resource limit: %s", name
);
1497 if (!arg_rlimit
[rl
]) {
1498 arg_rlimit
[rl
] = new0(struct rlimit
, 1);
1499 if (!arg_rlimit
[rl
])
1503 r
= rlimit_parse(rl
, eq
+ 1, arg_rlimit
[rl
]);
1505 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse resource limit: %s", eq
+ 1);
1507 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_RLIMIT_FIRST
<< rl
;
1511 case ARG_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
:
1512 r
= parse_oom_score_adjust(optarg
, &arg_oom_score_adjust
);
1514 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --oom-score-adjust= parameter: %s", optarg
);
1516 arg_oom_score_adjust_set
= true;
1517 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
;
1520 case ARG_CPU_AFFINITY
: {
1523 r
= parse_cpu_set(optarg
, &cpuset
);
1525 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse CPU affinity mask %s: %m", optarg
);
1527 cpu_set_reset(&arg_cpu_set
);
1528 arg_cpu_set
= cpuset
;
1529 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CPU_AFFINITY
;
1533 case ARG_RESOLV_CONF
:
1534 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1535 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(resolv_conf_mode
, ResolvConfMode
, _RESOLV_CONF_MODE_MAX
);
1539 arg_resolv_conf
= resolv_conf_mode_from_string(optarg
);
1540 if (arg_resolv_conf
< 0)
1541 return log_error_errno(arg_resolv_conf
,
1542 "Failed to parse /etc/resolv.conf mode: %s", optarg
);
1544 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_RESOLV_CONF
;
1548 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1549 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(timezone_mode
, TimezoneMode
, _TIMEZONE_MODE_MAX
);
1553 arg_timezone
= timezone_mode_from_string(optarg
);
1554 if (arg_timezone
< 0)
1555 return log_error_errno(arg_timezone
,
1556 "Failed to parse /etc/localtime mode: %s", optarg
);
1558 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_TIMEZONE
;
1562 r
= handle_arg_console(optarg
);
1569 r
= handle_arg_console("pipe");
1575 arg_pager_flags
|= PAGER_DISABLE
;
1578 case ARG_SET_CREDENTIAL
: {
1579 _cleanup_free_
char *word
= NULL
, *data
= NULL
;
1580 const char *p
= optarg
;
1584 r
= extract_first_word(&p
, &word
, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS
);
1588 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --set-credential= parameter: %m");
1590 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Missing value for --set-credential=: %s", optarg
);
1592 if (!credential_name_valid(word
))
1593 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Credential name is not valid: %s", word
);
1595 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< arg_n_credentials
; i
++)
1596 if (streq(arg_credentials
[i
].id
, word
))
1597 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
), "Duplicate credential '%s', refusing.", word
);
1599 l
= cunescape(p
, UNESCAPE_ACCEPT_NUL
, &data
);
1601 return log_error_errno(l
, "Failed to unescape credential data: %s", p
);
1603 a
= reallocarray(arg_credentials
, arg_n_credentials
+ 1, sizeof(Credential
));
1607 a
[arg_n_credentials
++] = (Credential
) {
1608 .id
= TAKE_PTR(word
),
1609 .data
= TAKE_PTR(data
),
1613 arg_credentials
= a
;
1615 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CREDENTIALS
;
1619 case ARG_LOAD_CREDENTIAL
: {
1620 ReadFullFileFlags flags
= READ_FULL_FILE_SECURE
;
1621 _cleanup_(erase_and_freep
) char *data
= NULL
;
1622 _cleanup_free_
char *word
= NULL
, *j
= NULL
;
1623 const char *p
= optarg
;
1627 r
= extract_first_word(&p
, &word
, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS
);
1631 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --load-credential= parameter: %m");
1633 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Missing value for --load-credential=: %s", optarg
);
1635 if (!credential_name_valid(word
))
1636 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Credential name is not valid: %s", word
);
1638 for (i
= 0; i
< arg_n_credentials
; i
++)
1639 if (streq(arg_credentials
[i
].id
, word
))
1640 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
), "Duplicate credential '%s', refusing.", word
);
1642 if (path_is_absolute(p
))
1643 flags
|= READ_FULL_FILE_CONNECT_SOCKET
;
1647 r
= get_credentials_dir(&e
);
1649 return log_error_errno(r
, "Credential not available (no credentials passed at all): %s", word
);
1651 j
= path_join(e
, p
);
1656 r
= read_full_file_full(AT_FDCWD
, j
?: p
, UINT64_MAX
, SIZE_MAX
,
1661 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read credential '%s': %m", j
?: p
);
1663 a
= reallocarray(arg_credentials
, arg_n_credentials
+ 1, sizeof(Credential
));
1667 a
[arg_n_credentials
++] = (Credential
) {
1668 .id
= TAKE_PTR(word
),
1669 .data
= TAKE_PTR(data
),
1673 arg_credentials
= a
;
1675 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CREDENTIALS
;
1680 if (!valid_user_group_name(optarg
, 0))
1681 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Invalid user name to bind: %s", optarg
);
1683 if (strv_extend(&arg_bind_user
, optarg
) < 0)
1686 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_BIND_USER
;
1689 case ARG_SUPPRESS_SYNC
:
1690 r
= parse_boolean_argument("--suppress-sync=", optarg
, &arg_suppress_sync
);
1694 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_SUPPRESS_SYNC
;
1701 assert_not_reached();
1704 if (argc
> optind
) {
1705 strv_free(arg_parameters
);
1706 arg_parameters
= strv_copy(argv
+ optind
);
1707 if (!arg_parameters
)
1710 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
1713 if (arg_ephemeral
&& arg_template
&& !arg_directory
)
1714 /* User asked for ephemeral execution but specified --template= instead of --directory=. Semantically
1715 * such an invocation makes some sense, see https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3667. Let's
1716 * accept this here, and silently make "--ephemeral --template=" equivalent to "--ephemeral
1718 arg_directory
= TAKE_PTR(arg_template
);
1720 arg_caps_retain
= (arg_caps_retain
| plus
| (arg_private_network
? UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN
: 0)) & ~minus
;
1722 /* Make sure to parse environment before we reset the settings mask below */
1723 r
= parse_environment();
1727 /* Load all settings from .nspawn files */
1728 if (mask_no_settings
)
1729 arg_settings_mask
= 0;
1731 /* Don't load any settings from .nspawn files */
1732 if (mask_all_settings
)
1733 arg_settings_mask
= _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL
;
1738 static int verify_arguments(void) {
1741 if (arg_start_mode
== START_PID2
&& arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
) {
1742 /* If we are running the stub init in the container, we don't need to look at what the init
1743 * in the container supports, because we are not using it. Let's immediately pick the right
1744 * setting based on the host system configuration.
1746 * We only do this, if the user didn't use an environment variable to override the detection.
1749 r
= cg_all_unified();
1751 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether we are in all unified mode.");
1753 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL
;
1754 else if (cg_unified_controller(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER
) > 0)
1755 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD
;
1757 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
1760 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
1761 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_USE_USERNS
;
1763 if (arg_private_network
)
1764 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
;
1766 if (!(arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWPID
) ||
1767 !(arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWUTS
)) {
1768 arg_register
= false;
1769 if (arg_start_mode
!= START_PID1
)
1770 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--boot cannot be used without namespacing.");
1773 if (arg_userns_ownership
< 0)
1774 arg_userns_ownership
=
1775 arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
? USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_AUTO
:
1776 USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_OFF
;
1778 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
&& arg_kill_signal
<= 0)
1779 arg_kill_signal
= SIGRTMIN
+3;
1781 if (arg_volatile_mode
!= VOLATILE_NO
) /* Make sure all file systems contained in the image are mounted read-only if we are in volatile mode */
1782 arg_read_only
= true;
1784 if (has_custom_root_mount(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
))
1785 arg_read_only
= true;
1787 if (arg_keep_unit
&& arg_register
&& cg_pid_get_owner_uid(0, NULL
) >= 0)
1788 /* Save the user from accidentally registering either user-$SESSION.scope or user@.service.
1789 * The latter is not technically a user session, but we don't need to labour the point. */
1790 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--keep-unit --register=yes may not be used when invoked from a user session.");
1792 if (arg_directory
&& arg_image
)
1793 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--directory= and --image= may not be combined.");
1795 if (arg_template
&& arg_image
)
1796 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--template= and --image= may not be combined.");
1798 if (arg_template
&& !(arg_directory
|| arg_machine
))
1799 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--template= needs --directory= or --machine=.");
1801 if (arg_ephemeral
&& arg_template
)
1802 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--ephemeral and --template= may not be combined.");
1804 if (arg_ephemeral
&& !IN_SET(arg_link_journal
, LINK_NO
, LINK_AUTO
))
1805 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--ephemeral and --link-journal= may not be combined.");
1807 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& !userns_supported())
1808 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
), "--private-users= is not supported, kernel compiled without user namespace support.");
1810 if (arg_userns_ownership
== USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_CHOWN
&& arg_read_only
)
1811 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1812 "--read-only and --private-users-ownership=chown may not be combined.");
1814 /* We don't support --private-users-ownership=chown together with any of the volatile modes since we
1815 * couldn't change the read-only part of the tree (i.e. /usr) anyway, or because it would trigger a
1816 * massive copy-up (in case of overlay) making the entire exercise pointless. */
1817 if (arg_userns_ownership
== USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_CHOWN
&& arg_volatile_mode
!= VOLATILE_NO
)
1818 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--volatile= and --private-users-ownership=chown may not be combined.");
1820 /* If --network-namespace-path is given with any other network-related option (except --private-network),
1821 * we need to error out, to avoid conflicts between different network options. */
1822 if (arg_network_namespace_path
&&
1823 (arg_network_interfaces
|| arg_network_macvlan
||
1824 arg_network_ipvlan
|| arg_network_veth_extra
||
1825 arg_network_bridge
|| arg_network_zone
||
1827 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--network-namespace-path= cannot be combined with other network options.");
1829 if (arg_network_bridge
&& arg_network_zone
)
1830 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1831 "--network-bridge= and --network-zone= may not be combined.");
1833 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& (arg_mount_settings
& MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
) && !arg_private_network
)
1834 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Invalid namespacing settings. Mounting sysfs with --private-users requires --private-network.");
1836 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& !(arg_mount_settings
& MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
))
1837 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Cannot combine --private-users with read-write mounts.");
1839 if (arg_expose_ports
&& !arg_private_network
)
1840 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Cannot use --port= without private networking.");
1842 if (arg_caps_ambient
) {
1843 if (arg_caps_ambient
== UINT64_MAX
)
1844 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "AmbientCapability= does not support the value all.");
1846 if ((arg_caps_ambient
& arg_caps_retain
) != arg_caps_ambient
)
1847 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "AmbientCapability= setting is not fully covered by Capability= setting.");
1849 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
)
1850 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "AmbientCapability= setting is not useful for boot mode.");
1853 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& !strv_isempty(arg_bind_user
))
1854 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--bind-user= requires --private-users");
1856 /* Drop duplicate --bind-user= entries */
1857 strv_uniq(arg_bind_user
);
1859 r
= custom_mount_check_all();
1866 int userns_lchown(const char *p
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
1869 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
1872 if (uid
== UID_INVALID
&& gid
== GID_INVALID
)
1875 if (uid
!= UID_INVALID
) {
1876 uid
+= arg_uid_shift
;
1878 if (uid
< arg_uid_shift
|| uid
>= arg_uid_shift
+ arg_uid_range
)
1882 if (gid
!= GID_INVALID
) {
1883 gid
+= (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
;
1885 if (gid
< (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
|| gid
>= (gid_t
) (arg_uid_shift
+ arg_uid_range
))
1889 return RET_NERRNO(lchown(p
, uid
, gid
));
1892 int userns_mkdir(const char *root
, const char *path
, mode_t mode
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
1896 q
= prefix_roota(root
, path
);
1897 r
= RET_NERRNO(mkdir(q
, mode
));
1903 return userns_lchown(q
, uid
, gid
);
1906 static const char *timezone_from_path(const char *path
) {
1907 return PATH_STARTSWITH_SET(
1909 "../usr/share/zoneinfo/",
1910 "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
1913 static bool etc_writable(void) {
1914 return !arg_read_only
|| IN_SET(arg_volatile_mode
, VOLATILE_YES
, VOLATILE_OVERLAY
);
1917 static int setup_timezone(const char *dest
) {
1918 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
, *etc
= NULL
;
1919 const char *where
, *check
;
1925 if (IN_SET(arg_timezone
, TIMEZONE_AUTO
, TIMEZONE_SYMLINK
)) {
1926 r
= readlink_malloc("/etc/localtime", &p
);
1927 if (r
== -ENOENT
&& arg_timezone
== TIMEZONE_AUTO
)
1928 m
= etc_writable() ? TIMEZONE_DELETE
: TIMEZONE_OFF
;
1929 else if (r
== -EINVAL
&& arg_timezone
== TIMEZONE_AUTO
) /* regular file? */
1930 m
= etc_writable() ? TIMEZONE_COPY
: TIMEZONE_BIND
;
1932 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to read host's /etc/localtime symlink, not updating container timezone: %m");
1933 /* To handle warning, delete /etc/localtime and replace it with a symbolic link to a time zone data
1937 * ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /etc/localtime
1940 } else if (arg_timezone
== TIMEZONE_AUTO
)
1941 m
= etc_writable() ? TIMEZONE_SYMLINK
: TIMEZONE_BIND
;
1947 if (m
== TIMEZONE_OFF
)
1950 r
= chase_symlinks("/etc", dest
, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT
, &etc
, NULL
);
1952 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve /etc path in container, ignoring: %m");
1956 where
= strjoina(etc
, "/localtime");
1960 case TIMEZONE_DELETE
:
1961 if (unlink(where
) < 0)
1962 log_full_errno(errno
== ENOENT
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, errno
, "Failed to remove '%s', ignoring: %m", where
);
1966 case TIMEZONE_SYMLINK
: {
1967 _cleanup_free_
char *q
= NULL
;
1968 const char *z
, *what
;
1970 z
= timezone_from_path(p
);
1972 log_warning("/etc/localtime does not point into /usr/share/zoneinfo/, not updating container timezone.");
1976 r
= readlink_malloc(where
, &q
);
1977 if (r
>= 0 && streq_ptr(timezone_from_path(q
), z
))
1978 return 0; /* Already pointing to the right place? Then do nothing .. */
1980 check
= strjoina(dest
, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/", z
);
1981 r
= chase_symlinks(check
, dest
, 0, NULL
, NULL
);
1983 log_debug_errno(r
, "Timezone %s does not exist (or is not accessible) in container, not creating symlink: %m", z
);
1985 if (unlink(where
) < 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
) {
1986 log_full_errno(IN_SET(errno
, EROFS
, EACCES
, EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, /* Don't complain on read-only images */
1987 errno
, "Failed to remove existing timezone info %s in container, ignoring: %m", where
);
1991 what
= strjoina("../usr/share/zoneinfo/", z
);
1992 if (symlink(what
, where
) < 0) {
1993 log_full_errno(IN_SET(errno
, EROFS
, EACCES
, EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
,
1994 errno
, "Failed to correct timezone of container, ignoring: %m");
2004 case TIMEZONE_BIND
: {
2005 _cleanup_free_
char *resolved
= NULL
;
2008 found
= chase_symlinks(where
, dest
, CHASE_NONEXISTENT
, &resolved
, NULL
);
2010 log_warning_errno(found
, "Failed to resolve /etc/localtime path in container, ignoring: %m");
2014 if (found
== 0) /* missing? */
2015 (void) touch(resolved
);
2017 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_WARNING
, "/etc/localtime", resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2019 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
2025 /* If mounting failed, try to copy */
2026 r
= copy_file_atomic("/etc/localtime", where
, 0644, 0, 0, COPY_REFLINK
|COPY_REPLACE
);
2028 log_full_errno(IN_SET(r
, -EROFS
, -EACCES
, -EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, r
,
2029 "Failed to copy /etc/localtime to %s, ignoring: %m", where
);
2036 assert_not_reached();
2039 /* Fix permissions of the symlink or file copy we just created */
2040 r
= userns_lchown(where
, 0, 0);
2042 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /etc/localtime, ignoring: %m");
2047 static int have_resolv_conf(const char *path
) {
2050 if (access(path
, F_OK
) < 0) {
2051 if (errno
== ENOENT
)
2054 return log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to determine whether '%s' is available: %m", path
);
2060 static int resolved_listening(void) {
2061 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free
) sd_bus_error error
= SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL
;
2062 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp
) sd_bus
*bus
= NULL
;
2063 _cleanup_free_
char *dns_stub_listener_mode
= NULL
;
2066 /* Check if resolved is listening */
2068 r
= sd_bus_open_system(&bus
);
2070 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to open system bus: %m");
2072 r
= bus_name_has_owner(bus
, "org.freedesktop.resolve1", NULL
);
2074 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to check whether the 'org.freedesktop.resolve1' bus name is taken: %m");
2078 r
= sd_bus_get_property_string(bus
,
2079 "org.freedesktop.resolve1",
2080 "/org/freedesktop/resolve1",
2081 "org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager",
2084 &dns_stub_listener_mode
);
2086 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to query DNSStubListener property: %s", bus_error_message(&error
, r
));
2088 return STR_IN_SET(dns_stub_listener_mode
, "udp", "yes");
2091 static int setup_resolv_conf(const char *dest
) {
2092 _cleanup_free_
char *etc
= NULL
;
2093 const char *where
, *what
;
2099 if (arg_resolv_conf
== RESOLV_CONF_AUTO
) {
2100 if (arg_private_network
)
2101 m
= RESOLV_CONF_OFF
;
2102 else if (have_resolv_conf(PRIVATE_STUB_RESOLV_CONF
) > 0 && resolved_listening() > 0)
2103 m
= etc_writable() ? RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STUB
: RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STUB
;
2104 else if (have_resolv_conf("/etc/resolv.conf") > 0)
2105 m
= etc_writable() ? RESOLV_CONF_COPY_HOST
: RESOLV_CONF_BIND_HOST
;
2107 m
= etc_writable() ? RESOLV_CONF_DELETE
: RESOLV_CONF_OFF
;
2110 m
= arg_resolv_conf
;
2112 if (m
== RESOLV_CONF_OFF
)
2115 r
= chase_symlinks("/etc", dest
, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT
, &etc
, NULL
);
2117 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve /etc path in container, ignoring: %m");
2121 where
= strjoina(etc
, "/resolv.conf");
2123 if (m
== RESOLV_CONF_DELETE
) {
2124 if (unlink(where
) < 0)
2125 log_full_errno(errno
== ENOENT
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, errno
, "Failed to remove '%s', ignoring: %m", where
);
2130 if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STATIC
))
2131 what
= PRIVATE_STATIC_RESOLV_CONF
;
2132 else if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_UPLINK
))
2133 what
= PRIVATE_UPLINK_RESOLV_CONF
;
2134 else if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STUB
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_STUB
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STUB
))
2135 what
= PRIVATE_STUB_RESOLV_CONF
;
2137 what
= "/etc/resolv.conf";
2139 if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_HOST
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STUB
)) {
2140 _cleanup_free_
char *resolved
= NULL
;
2143 found
= chase_symlinks(where
, dest
, CHASE_NONEXISTENT
, &resolved
, NULL
);
2145 log_warning_errno(found
, "Failed to resolve /etc/resolv.conf path in container, ignoring: %m");
2149 if (found
== 0) /* missing? */
2150 (void) touch(resolved
);
2152 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_WARNING
, what
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2154 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
2156 /* If that didn't work, let's copy the file */
2159 if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_HOST
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_STUB
))
2160 r
= copy_file_atomic(what
, where
, 0644, 0, 0, COPY_REFLINK
|COPY_REPLACE
);
2162 r
= copy_file(what
, where
, O_TRUNC
|O_NOFOLLOW
, 0644, 0, 0, COPY_REFLINK
);
2164 /* If the file already exists as symlink, let's suppress the warning, under the assumption that
2165 * resolved or something similar runs inside and the symlink points there.
2167 * If the disk image is read-only, there's also no point in complaining.
2169 log_full_errno(!IN_SET(RESOLV_CONF_COPY_HOST
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STUB
) &&
2170 IN_SET(r
, -ELOOP
, -EROFS
, -EACCES
, -EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, r
,
2171 "Failed to copy /etc/resolv.conf to %s, ignoring: %m", where
);
2175 r
= userns_lchown(where
, 0, 0);
2177 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /etc/resolv.conf, ignoring: %m");
2182 static int setup_boot_id(void) {
2183 _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep
) char *from
= NULL
;
2184 _cleanup_free_
char *path
= NULL
;
2185 sd_id128_t rnd
= SD_ID128_NULL
;
2189 /* Generate a new randomized boot ID, so that each boot-up of the container gets a new one */
2191 r
= tempfn_random_child("/run", "proc-sys-kernel-random-boot-id", &path
);
2193 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate random boot ID path: %m");
2195 r
= sd_id128_randomize(&rnd
);
2197 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate random boot id: %m");
2199 r
= id128_write(path
, ID128_FORMAT_UUID
, rnd
);
2201 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write boot id: %m");
2203 from
= TAKE_PTR(path
);
2204 to
= "/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id";
2206 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, from
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2210 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
2213 static int copy_devnodes(const char *dest
) {
2214 static const char devnodes
[] =
2227 BLOCK_WITH_UMASK(0000);
2229 /* Create /dev/net, so that we can create /dev/net/tun in it */
2230 if (userns_mkdir(dest
, "/dev/net", 0755, 0, 0) < 0)
2231 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /dev/net directory: %m");
2233 NULSTR_FOREACH(d
, devnodes
) {
2234 _cleanup_free_
char *from
= NULL
, *to
= NULL
;
2237 from
= path_join("/dev/", d
);
2241 to
= path_join(dest
, from
);
2245 if (stat(from
, &st
) < 0) {
2247 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
2248 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to stat %s: %m", from
);
2250 } else if (!S_ISCHR(st
.st_mode
) && !S_ISBLK(st
.st_mode
))
2251 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
2252 "%s is not a char or block device, cannot copy.", from
);
2254 _cleanup_free_
char *sl
= NULL
, *prefixed
= NULL
, *dn
= NULL
, *t
= NULL
;
2256 if (mknod(to
, st
.st_mode
, st
.st_rdev
) < 0) {
2257 /* Explicitly warn the user when /dev is already populated. */
2258 if (errno
== EEXIST
)
2259 log_notice("%s/dev is pre-mounted and pre-populated. If a pre-mounted /dev is provided it needs to be an unpopulated file system.", dest
);
2261 return log_error_errno(errno
, "mknod(%s) failed: %m", to
);
2263 /* Some systems abusively restrict mknod but allow bind mounts. */
2266 return log_error_errno(r
, "touch (%s) failed: %m", to
);
2267 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, from
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2269 return log_error_errno(r
, "Both mknod and bind mount (%s) failed: %m", to
);
2272 r
= userns_lchown(to
, 0, 0);
2274 return log_error_errno(r
, "chown() of device node %s failed: %m", to
);
2276 dn
= path_join("/dev", S_ISCHR(st
.st_mode
) ? "char" : "block");
2280 r
= userns_mkdir(dest
, dn
, 0755, 0, 0);
2282 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create '%s': %m", dn
);
2284 if (asprintf(&sl
, "%s/%u:%u", dn
, major(st
.st_rdev
), minor(st
.st_rdev
)) < 0)
2287 prefixed
= path_join(dest
, sl
);
2291 t
= path_join("..", d
);
2295 if (symlink(t
, prefixed
) < 0)
2296 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink '%s' to '%s': %m", t
, prefixed
);
2303 static int make_extra_nodes(const char *dest
) {
2307 BLOCK_WITH_UMASK(0000);
2309 for (i
= 0; i
< arg_n_extra_nodes
; i
++) {
2310 _cleanup_free_
char *path
= NULL
;
2311 DeviceNode
*n
= arg_extra_nodes
+ i
;
2313 path
= path_join(dest
, n
->path
);
2317 if (mknod(path
, n
->mode
, S_ISCHR(n
->mode
) || S_ISBLK(n
->mode
) ? makedev(n
->major
, n
->minor
) : 0) < 0)
2318 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create device node '%s': %m", path
);
2320 r
= chmod_and_chown(path
, n
->mode
, n
->uid
, n
->gid
);
2322 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to adjust device node ownership of '%s': %m", path
);
2328 static int setup_pts(const char *dest
) {
2329 _cleanup_free_
char *options
= NULL
;
2334 if (arg_selinux_apifs_context
)
2335 (void) asprintf(&options
,
2336 "newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" GID_FMT
",context=\"%s\"",
2337 arg_uid_shift
+ TTY_GID
,
2338 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
2341 (void) asprintf(&options
,
2342 "newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" GID_FMT
,
2343 arg_uid_shift
+ TTY_GID
);
2348 /* Mount /dev/pts itself */
2349 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/pts");
2350 r
= RET_NERRNO(mkdir(p
, 0755));
2352 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /dev/pts: %m");
2354 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, "devpts", p
, "devpts", MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
, options
);
2357 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
2359 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/pts: %m");
2361 /* Create /dev/ptmx symlink */
2362 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/ptmx");
2363 if (symlink("pts/ptmx", p
) < 0)
2364 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create /dev/ptmx symlink: %m");
2365 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
2367 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/ptmx: %m");
2369 /* And fix /dev/pts/ptmx ownership */
2370 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/pts/ptmx");
2371 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
2373 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/pts/ptmx: %m");
2378 static int setup_stdio_as_dev_console(void) {
2379 _cleanup_close_
int terminal
= -1;
2382 /* We open the TTY in O_NOCTTY mode, so that we do not become controller yet. We'll do that later
2383 * explicitly, if we are configured to. */
2384 terminal
= open_terminal("/dev/console", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
);
2386 return log_error_errno(terminal
, "Failed to open console: %m");
2388 /* Make sure we can continue logging to the original stderr, even if
2389 * stderr points elsewhere now */
2390 r
= log_dup_console();
2392 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to duplicate stderr: %m");
2394 /* invalidates 'terminal' on success and failure */
2395 r
= rearrange_stdio(terminal
, terminal
, terminal
);
2398 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to move console to stdin/stdout/stderr: %m");
2403 static int setup_dev_console(const char *console
) {
2404 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
2407 /* Create /dev/console symlink */
2408 r
= path_make_relative("/dev", console
, &p
);
2410 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create relative path: %m");
2412 if (symlink(p
, "/dev/console") < 0)
2413 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create /dev/console symlink: %m");
2418 static int setup_keyring(void) {
2419 key_serial_t keyring
;
2421 /* Allocate a new session keyring for the container. This makes sure the keyring of the session
2422 * systemd-nspawn was invoked from doesn't leak into the container. Note that by default we block
2423 * keyctl() and request_key() anyway via seccomp so doing this operation isn't strictly necessary,
2424 * but in case people explicitly allow-list these system calls let's make sure we don't leak anything
2425 * into the container. */
2427 keyring
= keyctl(KEYCTL_JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING
, 0, 0, 0, 0);
2428 if (keyring
== -1) {
2429 if (errno
== ENOSYS
)
2430 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Kernel keyring not supported, ignoring.");
2431 else if (ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(errno
))
2432 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Kernel keyring access prohibited, ignoring.");
2434 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Setting up kernel keyring failed: %m");
2440 static int setup_credentials(const char *root
) {
2444 if (arg_n_credentials
<= 0)
2447 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/host", 0755, 0, 0);
2449 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/host: %m");
2451 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/host/credentials", 0700, 0, 0);
2453 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/host/credentials: %m");
2455 q
= prefix_roota(root
, "/run/host/credentials");
2456 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, "ramfs", MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, "mode=0700");
2460 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< arg_n_credentials
; i
++) {
2461 _cleanup_free_
char *j
= NULL
;
2462 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
;
2464 j
= path_join(q
, arg_credentials
[i
].id
);
2468 fd
= open(j
, O_CREAT
|O_EXCL
|O_WRONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOFOLLOW
, 0600);
2470 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create credential file %s: %m", j
);
2472 r
= loop_write(fd
, arg_credentials
[i
].data
, arg_credentials
[i
].size
, /* do_poll= */ false);
2474 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write credential to file %s: %m", j
);
2476 if (fchmod(fd
, 0400) < 0)
2477 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to adjust access mode of %s: %m", j
);
2479 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
2480 if (fchown(fd
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
) < 0)
2481 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to adjust ownership of %s: %m", j
);
2485 if (chmod(q
, 0500) < 0)
2486 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to adjust access mode of %s: %m", q
);
2488 r
= userns_lchown(q
, 0, 0);
2492 /* Make both mount and superblock read-only now */
2493 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_REMOUNT
|MS_BIND
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
2497 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, "mode=0500");
2500 static int setup_kmsg(int fd_inner_socket
) {
2501 _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep
) char *from
= NULL
;
2502 _cleanup_free_
char *fifo
= NULL
;
2503 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
;
2506 assert(fd_inner_socket
>= 0);
2508 BLOCK_WITH_UMASK(0000);
2510 /* We create the kmsg FIFO as as temporary file in /run, but immediately delete it after bind mounting it to
2511 * /proc/kmsg. While FIFOs on the reading side behave very similar to /proc/kmsg, their writing side behaves
2512 * differently from /dev/kmsg in that writing blocks when nothing is reading. In order to avoid any problems
2513 * with containers deadlocking due to this we simply make /dev/kmsg unavailable to the container. */
2515 r
= tempfn_random_child("/run", "proc-kmsg", &fifo
);
2517 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate kmsg path: %m");
2519 if (mkfifo(fifo
, 0600) < 0)
2520 return log_error_errno(errno
, "mkfifo() for /run/kmsg failed: %m");
2522 from
= TAKE_PTR(fifo
);
2524 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, from
, "/proc/kmsg", NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2528 fd
= open(from
, O_RDWR
|O_NONBLOCK
|O_CLOEXEC
);
2530 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open fifo: %m");
2532 /* Store away the fd in the socket, so that it stays open as long as we run the child */
2533 r
= send_one_fd(fd_inner_socket
, fd
, 0);
2535 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to send FIFO fd: %m");
2541 union in_addr_union address4
;
2542 union in_addr_union address6
;
2543 struct FirewallContext
*fw_ctx
;
2546 static int on_address_change(sd_netlink
*rtnl
, sd_netlink_message
*m
, void *userdata
) {
2547 struct ExposeArgs
*args
= ASSERT_PTR(userdata
);
2552 (void) expose_port_execute(rtnl
, &args
->fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET
, &args
->address4
);
2553 (void) expose_port_execute(rtnl
, &args
->fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET6
, &args
->address6
);
2557 static int setup_hostname(void) {
2560 if ((arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWUTS
) == 0)
2563 r
= sethostname_idempotent(arg_hostname
?: arg_machine
);
2565 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set hostname: %m");
2570 static int setup_journal(const char *directory
) {
2571 _cleanup_free_
char *d
= NULL
;
2577 /* Don't link journals in ephemeral mode */
2581 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_NO
)
2584 try = arg_link_journal_try
|| arg_link_journal
== LINK_AUTO
;
2586 r
= sd_id128_get_machine(&this_id
);
2588 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to retrieve machine ID: %m");
2590 if (sd_id128_equal(arg_uuid
, this_id
)) {
2591 log_full(try ? LOG_WARNING
: LOG_ERR
,
2592 "Host and machine ids are equal (%s): refusing to link journals", SD_ID128_TO_STRING(arg_uuid
));
2598 FOREACH_STRING(dirname
, "/var", "/var/log", "/var/log/journal") {
2599 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, dirname
, 0755, 0, 0);
2601 bool ignore
= r
== -EROFS
&& try;
2602 log_full_errno(ignore
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_ERR
, r
,
2603 "Failed to create %s%s: %m", dirname
, ignore
? ", ignoring" : "");
2604 return ignore
? 0 : r
;
2608 p
= strjoina("/var/log/journal/", SD_ID128_TO_STRING(arg_uuid
));
2609 q
= prefix_roota(directory
, p
);
2611 if (path_is_mount_point(p
, NULL
, 0) > 0) {
2615 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
),
2616 "%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", p
);
2619 if (path_is_mount_point(q
, NULL
, 0) > 0) {
2623 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
),
2624 "%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", q
);
2627 r
= readlink_and_make_absolute(p
, &d
);
2629 if (IN_SET(arg_link_journal
, LINK_GUEST
, LINK_AUTO
) &&
2632 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
2634 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", q
);
2639 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to remove symlink %s: %m", p
);
2640 } else if (r
== -EINVAL
) {
2642 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_GUEST
&&
2645 if (errno
== ENOTDIR
) {
2646 log_error("%s already exists and is neither a symlink nor a directory", p
);
2649 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to remove %s: %m", p
);
2651 } else if (r
!= -ENOENT
)
2652 return log_error_errno(r
, "readlink(%s) failed: %m", p
);
2654 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_GUEST
) {
2656 if (symlink(q
, p
) < 0) {
2658 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink %s to %s, skipping journal setup: %m", q
, p
);
2661 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink %s to %s: %m", q
, p
);
2664 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
2666 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", q
);
2670 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_HOST
) {
2671 /* don't create parents here — if the host doesn't have
2672 * permanent journal set up, don't force it here */
2674 r
= RET_NERRNO(mkdir(p
, 0755));
2675 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -EEXIST
) {
2677 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s, skipping journal setup: %m", p
);
2680 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s: %m", p
);
2683 } else if (access(p
, F_OK
) < 0)
2686 if (dir_is_empty(q
, /* ignore_hidden_or_backup= */ false) == 0)
2687 log_warning("%s is not empty, proceeding anyway.", q
);
2689 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
2691 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s: %m", q
);
2693 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, p
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2695 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to bind mount journal from host into guest: %m");
2700 static int drop_capabilities(uid_t uid
) {
2701 CapabilityQuintet q
;
2703 /* Let's initialize all five capability sets to something valid. If the quintet was configured via
2704 * OCI use that, but fill in missing bits. If it wasn't then derive the quintet in full from
2705 * arg_caps_retain. */
2707 if (capability_quintet_is_set(&arg_full_capabilities
)) {
2708 q
= arg_full_capabilities
;
2710 if (q
.bounding
== UINT64_MAX
)
2711 q
.bounding
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: 0;
2713 if (q
.effective
== UINT64_MAX
)
2714 q
.effective
= uid
== 0 ? q
.bounding
: 0;
2716 if (q
.inheritable
== UINT64_MAX
)
2717 q
.inheritable
= uid
== 0 ? q
.bounding
: arg_caps_ambient
;
2719 if (q
.permitted
== UINT64_MAX
)
2720 q
.permitted
= uid
== 0 ? q
.bounding
: arg_caps_ambient
;
2722 if (q
.ambient
== UINT64_MAX
&& ambient_capabilities_supported())
2723 q
.ambient
= arg_caps_ambient
;
2725 if (capability_quintet_mangle(&q
))
2726 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM
), "Cannot set capabilities that are not in the current bounding set.");
2729 q
= (CapabilityQuintet
) {
2730 .bounding
= arg_caps_retain
,
2731 .effective
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: 0,
2732 .inheritable
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: arg_caps_ambient
,
2733 .permitted
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: arg_caps_ambient
,
2734 .ambient
= ambient_capabilities_supported() ? arg_caps_ambient
: UINT64_MAX
,
2737 /* If we're not using OCI, proceed with mangled capabilities (so we don't error out)
2738 * in order to maintain the same behavior as systemd < 242. */
2739 if (capability_quintet_mangle(&q
))
2740 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
,
2741 "Some capabilities will not be set because they are not in the current bounding set.");
2745 return capability_quintet_enforce(&q
);
2748 static int reset_audit_loginuid(void) {
2749 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
2752 if ((arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWPID
) == 0)
2755 r
= read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &p
);
2759 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read /proc/self/loginuid: %m");
2761 /* Already reset? */
2762 if (streq(p
, "4294967295"))
2765 r
= write_string_file("/proc/self/loginuid", "4294967295", WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER
);
2768 "Failed to reset audit login UID. This probably means that your kernel is too\n"
2769 "old and you have audit enabled. Note that the auditing subsystem is known to\n"
2770 "be incompatible with containers on old kernels. Please make sure to upgrade\n"
2771 "your kernel or to off auditing with 'audit=0' on the kernel command line before\n"
2772 "using systemd-nspawn. Sleeping for 5s... (%m)");
2780 static int mount_tunnel_dig(const char *root
) {
2784 (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/nspawn/", 0755);
2785 (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate", 0600);
2786 p
= strjoina("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate/", arg_machine
);
2787 (void) mkdir_p(p
, 0600);
2789 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/host", 0755, 0, 0);
2791 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/host: %m");
2793 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, NSPAWN_MOUNT_TUNNEL
, 0600, 0, 0);
2795 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create "NSPAWN_MOUNT_TUNNEL
": %m");
2797 q
= prefix_roota(root
, NSPAWN_MOUNT_TUNNEL
);
2798 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, p
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2802 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
, NULL
);
2809 static int mount_tunnel_open(void) {
2812 r
= mount_follow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, NSPAWN_MOUNT_TUNNEL
, NULL
, MS_SLAVE
, NULL
);
2819 static int setup_machine_id(const char *directory
) {
2820 const char *etc_machine_id
;
2824 /* If the UUID in the container is already set, then that's what counts, and we use. If it isn't set, and the
2825 * caller passed --uuid=, then we'll pass it in the $container_uuid env var to PID 1 of the container. The
2826 * assumption is that PID 1 will then write it to /etc/machine-id to make it persistent. If --uuid= is not
2827 * passed we generate a random UUID, and pass it via $container_uuid. In effect this means that /etc/machine-id
2828 * in the container and our idea of the container UUID will always be in sync (at least if PID 1 in the
2829 * container behaves nicely). */
2831 etc_machine_id
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/etc/machine-id");
2833 r
= id128_read(etc_machine_id
, ID128_FORMAT_PLAIN
, &id
);
2835 if (!IN_SET(r
, -ENOENT
, -ENOMEDIUM
, -ENOPKG
)) /* If the file is missing, empty, or uninitialized, we don't mind */
2836 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read machine ID from container image: %m");
2838 if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
)) {
2839 r
= sd_id128_randomize(&arg_uuid
);
2841 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to acquire randomized machine UUID: %m");
2844 if (sd_id128_is_null(id
))
2845 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
2846 "Machine ID in container image is zero, refusing.");
2854 static int recursive_chown(const char *directory
, uid_t shift
, uid_t range
) {
2859 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
|| arg_userns_ownership
!= USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_CHOWN
)
2862 r
= path_patch_uid(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
2863 if (r
== -EOPNOTSUPP
)
2864 return log_error_errno(r
, "Automatic UID/GID adjusting is only supported for UID/GID ranges starting at multiples of 2^16 with a range of 2^16.");
2866 return log_error_errno(r
, "Upper 16 bits of root directory UID and GID do not match.");
2868 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to adjust UID/GID shift of OS tree: %m");
2870 log_debug("Root directory of image is already owned by the right UID/GID range, skipping recursive chown operation.");
2872 log_debug("Patched directory tree to match UID/GID range.");
2879 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
2880 * container, the container was terminated by a signal, or
2881 * failed for an unknown reason. No change is made to the
2882 * container argument.
2883 * > 0 : The program executed in the container terminated with an
2884 * error. The exit code of the program executed in the
2885 * container is returned. The container argument has been set
2886 * to CONTAINER_TERMINATED.
2887 * 0 : The container is being rebooted, has been shut down or exited
2888 * successfully. The container argument has been set to either
2889 * CONTAINER_TERMINATED or CONTAINER_REBOOTED.
2891 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
2892 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
2894 static int wait_for_container(pid_t pid
, ContainerStatus
*container
) {
2898 r
= wait_for_terminate(pid
, &status
);
2900 return log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to wait for container: %m");
2902 switch (status
.si_code
) {
2905 if (status
.si_status
== 0)
2906 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s exited successfully.", arg_machine
);
2908 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s failed with error code %i.", arg_machine
, status
.si_status
);
2910 *container
= CONTAINER_TERMINATED
;
2911 return status
.si_status
;
2914 if (status
.si_status
== SIGINT
) {
2915 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s has been shut down.", arg_machine
);
2916 *container
= CONTAINER_TERMINATED
;
2919 } else if (status
.si_status
== SIGHUP
) {
2920 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s is being rebooted.", arg_machine
);
2921 *container
= CONTAINER_REBOOTED
;
2927 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
2928 "Container %s terminated by signal %s.", arg_machine
, signal_to_string(status
.si_status
));
2931 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
2932 "Container %s failed due to unknown reason.", arg_machine
);
2936 static int on_orderly_shutdown(sd_event_source
*s
, const struct signalfd_siginfo
*si
, void *userdata
) {
2939 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2941 if (kill(pid
, arg_kill_signal
) >= 0) {
2942 log_info("Trying to halt container. Send SIGTERM again to trigger immediate termination.");
2943 sd_event_source_set_userdata(s
, NULL
);
2948 sd_event_exit(sd_event_source_get_event(s
), 0);
2952 static int on_sigchld(sd_event_source
*s
, const struct signalfd_siginfo
*ssi
, void *userdata
) {
2958 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2963 if (waitid(P_ALL
, 0, &si
, WNOHANG
|WNOWAIT
|WEXITED
) < 0)
2964 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to waitid(): %m");
2965 if (si
.si_pid
== 0) /* No pending children. */
2967 if (si
.si_pid
== pid
) {
2968 /* The main process we care for has exited. Return from
2969 * signal handler but leave the zombie. */
2970 sd_event_exit(sd_event_source_get_event(s
), 0);
2974 /* Reap all other children. */
2975 (void) waitid(P_PID
, si
.si_pid
, &si
, WNOHANG
|WEXITED
);
2981 static int on_request_stop(sd_bus_message
*m
, void *userdata
, sd_bus_error
*error
) {
2986 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2988 if (arg_kill_signal
> 0) {
2989 log_info("Container termination requested. Attempting to halt container.");
2990 (void) kill(pid
, arg_kill_signal
);
2992 log_info("Container termination requested. Exiting.");
2993 sd_event_exit(sd_bus_get_event(sd_bus_message_get_bus(m
)), 0);
2999 static int determine_names(void) {
3002 if (arg_template
&& !arg_directory
&& arg_machine
) {
3004 /* If --template= was specified then we should not
3005 * search for a machine, but instead create a new one
3006 * in /var/lib/machine. */
3008 arg_directory
= path_join("/var/lib/machines", arg_machine
);
3013 if (!arg_image
&& !arg_directory
) {
3015 _cleanup_(image_unrefp
) Image
*i
= NULL
;
3017 r
= image_find(IMAGE_MACHINE
, arg_machine
, NULL
, &i
);
3019 return log_error_errno(r
, "No image for machine '%s'.", arg_machine
);
3021 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to find image for machine '%s': %m", arg_machine
);
3023 if (IN_SET(i
->type
, IMAGE_RAW
, IMAGE_BLOCK
))
3024 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_image
, i
->path
);
3026 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_directory
, i
->path
);
3031 arg_read_only
= arg_read_only
|| i
->read_only
;
3033 r
= safe_getcwd(&arg_directory
);
3035 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine current directory: %m");
3038 if (!arg_directory
&& !arg_image
)
3039 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Failed to determine path, please use -D or -i.");
3043 if (arg_directory
&& path_equal(arg_directory
, "/"))
3044 arg_machine
= gethostname_malloc();
3045 else if (arg_image
) {
3048 arg_machine
= strdup(basename(arg_image
));
3050 /* Truncate suffix if there is one */
3051 e
= endswith(arg_machine
, ".raw");
3055 arg_machine
= strdup(basename(arg_directory
));
3059 hostname_cleanup(arg_machine
);
3060 if (!hostname_is_valid(arg_machine
, 0))
3061 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Failed to determine machine name automatically, please use -M.");
3063 /* Copy the machine name before the random suffix is added below, otherwise we won't be able
3064 * to match fixed config file names. */
3065 arg_settings_filename
= strjoin(arg_machine
, ".nspawn");
3066 if (!arg_settings_filename
)
3069 /* Add a random suffix when this is an ephemeral machine, so that we can run many
3070 * instances at once without manually having to specify -M each time. */
3072 if (strextendf(&arg_machine
, "-%016" PRIx64
, random_u64()) < 0)
3075 arg_settings_filename
= strjoin(arg_machine
, ".nspawn");
3076 if (!arg_settings_filename
)
3083 static int chase_symlinks_and_update(char **p
, unsigned flags
) {
3092 r
= chase_symlinks(*p
, NULL
, flags
, &chased
, NULL
);
3094 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve path %s: %m", *p
);
3096 return free_and_replace(*p
, chased
);
3099 static int determine_uid_shift(const char *directory
) {
3101 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
3106 if (arg_uid_shift
== UID_INVALID
) {
3109 /* Read the UID shift off the image. Maybe we can reuse this to avoid chowning. */
3111 if (stat(directory
, &st
) < 0)
3112 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to determine UID base of %s: %m", directory
);
3114 arg_uid_shift
= st
.st_uid
& UINT32_C(0xffff0000);
3116 if (arg_uid_shift
!= (st
.st_gid
& UINT32_C(0xffff0000)))
3117 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
3118 "UID and GID base of %s don't match.", directory
);
3120 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
3122 if (arg_uid_shift
!= 0) {
3123 /* If the image is shifted already, then we'll fall back to classic chowning, for
3124 * compatibility (and simplicity), or refuse if mapping is explicitly requested. */
3126 if (arg_userns_ownership
== USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_AUTO
) {
3127 log_debug("UID base of %s is non-zero, not using UID mapping.", directory
);
3128 arg_userns_ownership
= USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_CHOWN
;
3129 } else if (arg_userns_ownership
== USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_MAP
)
3130 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
3131 "UID base of %s is not zero, UID mapping not supported.", directory
);
3135 if (!userns_shift_range_valid(arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
))
3136 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "UID base too high for UID range.");
3141 static unsigned long effective_clone_ns_flags(void) {
3142 unsigned long flags
= arg_clone_ns_flags
;
3144 if (arg_private_network
)
3145 flags
|= CLONE_NEWNET
;
3147 flags
|= CLONE_NEWCGROUP
;
3148 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
3149 flags
|= CLONE_NEWUSER
;
3154 static int patch_sysctl(void) {
3156 /* This table is inspired by runc's sysctl() function */
3157 static const struct {
3160 unsigned long clone_flags
;
3162 { "kernel.hostname", false, CLONE_NEWUTS
},
3163 { "kernel.domainname", false, CLONE_NEWUTS
},
3164 { "kernel.msgmax", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3165 { "kernel.msgmnb", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3166 { "kernel.msgmni", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3167 { "kernel.sem", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3168 { "kernel.shmall", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3169 { "kernel.shmmax", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3170 { "kernel.shmmni", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3171 { "fs.mqueue.", true, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3172 { "net.", true, CLONE_NEWNET
},
3175 unsigned long flags
;
3178 flags
= effective_clone_ns_flags();
3180 STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(k
, v
, arg_sysctl
) {
3184 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(safe_sysctl
); i
++) {
3186 if (!FLAGS_SET(flags
, safe_sysctl
[i
].clone_flags
))
3189 if (safe_sysctl
[i
].prefix
)
3190 good
= startswith(*k
, safe_sysctl
[i
].key
);
3192 good
= streq(*k
, safe_sysctl
[i
].key
);
3199 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM
), "Refusing to write to sysctl '%s', as it is not safe in the selected namespaces.", *k
);
3201 r
= sysctl_write(*k
, *v
);
3203 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write sysctl '%s': %m", *k
);
3209 static int inner_child(
3211 const char *directory
,
3213 int fd_inner_socket
,
3215 char **os_release_pairs
) {
3217 _cleanup_free_
char *home
= NULL
;
3220 (char*) "PATH=" DEFAULT_PATH_COMPAT
,
3221 NULL
, /* container */
3226 NULL
, /* container_uuid */
3227 NULL
, /* LISTEN_FDS */
3228 NULL
, /* LISTEN_PID */
3229 NULL
, /* NOTIFY_SOCKET */
3230 NULL
, /* CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY */
3234 const char *exec_target
;
3235 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **env_use
= NULL
;
3236 int r
, which_failed
;
3238 /* This is the "inner" child process, i.e. the one forked off by the "outer" child process, which is the one
3239 * the container manager itself forked off. At the time of clone() it gained its own CLONE_NEWNS, CLONE_NEWPID,
3240 * CLONE_NEWUTS, CLONE_NEWIPC, CLONE_NEWUSER namespaces. Note that it has its own CLONE_NEWNS namespace,
3241 * separate from the CLONE_NEWNS created for the "outer" child, and also separate from the host's CLONE_NEWNS
3242 * namespace. The reason for having two levels of CLONE_NEWNS namespaces is that the "inner" one is owned by
3243 * the CLONE_NEWUSER namespace of the container, while the "outer" one is owned by the host's CLONE_NEWUSER
3246 * Note at this point we have no CLONE_NEWNET namespace yet. We'll acquire that one later through
3247 * unshare(). See below. */
3251 assert(fd_inner_socket
>= 0);
3253 log_debug("Inner child is initializing.");
3255 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
3256 /* Tell the parent, that it now can write the UID map. */
3257 (void) barrier_place(barrier
); /* #1 */
3259 /* Wait until the parent wrote the UID map */
3260 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) /* #2 */
3261 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Parent died too early");
3263 /* Become the new root user inside our namespace */
3264 r
= reset_uid_gid();
3266 return log_error_errno(r
, "Couldn't become new root: %m");
3268 /* Creating a new user namespace means all MS_SHARED mounts become MS_SLAVE. Let's put them
3269 * back to MS_SHARED here, since that's what we want as defaults. (This will not reconnect
3270 * propagation, but simply create new peer groups for all our mounts). */
3271 r
= mount_follow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, "/", NULL
, MS_SHARED
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3277 arg_mount_settings
| MOUNT_IN_USERNS
,
3279 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
3283 if (!arg_network_namespace_path
&& arg_private_network
) {
3284 r
= unshare(CLONE_NEWNET
);
3286 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to unshare network namespace: %m");
3288 /* Tell the parent that it can setup network interfaces. */
3289 (void) barrier_place(barrier
); /* #3 */
3292 r
= mount_sysfs(NULL
, arg_mount_settings
);
3296 /* Wait until we are cgroup-ified, so that we
3297 * can mount the right cgroup path writable */
3298 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) /* #4 */
3299 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
),
3300 "Parent died too early");
3303 r
= unshare(CLONE_NEWCGROUP
);
3305 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to unshare cgroup namespace: %m");
3308 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
,
3309 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
3312 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3315 r
= mount_systemd_cgroup_writable("", arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
);
3319 r
= setup_boot_id();
3323 r
= setup_kmsg(fd_inner_socket
);
3330 arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3333 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3334 MOUNT_NON_ROOT_ONLY
| MOUNT_IN_USERNS
);
3339 return log_error_errno(errno
, "setsid() failed: %m");
3341 if (arg_private_network
)
3342 (void) loopback_setup();
3344 if (arg_expose_ports
) {
3345 r
= expose_port_send_rtnl(fd_inner_socket
);
3350 if (arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
) {
3351 _cleanup_close_
int master
= -1;
3352 _cleanup_free_
char *console
= NULL
;
3354 /* Allocate a pty and make it available as /dev/console. */
3355 master
= openpt_allocate(O_RDWR
|O_NONBLOCK
, &console
);
3357 return log_error_errno(master
, "Failed to allocate a pty: %m");
3359 r
= setup_dev_console(console
);
3361 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set up /dev/console: %m");
3363 r
= send_one_fd(fd_inner_socket
, master
, 0);
3365 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to send master fd: %m");
3367 r
= setup_stdio_as_dev_console();
3376 if (arg_oom_score_adjust_set
) {
3377 r
= set_oom_score_adjust(arg_oom_score_adjust
);
3379 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to adjust OOM score: %m");
3382 if (arg_cpu_set
.set
)
3383 if (sched_setaffinity(0, arg_cpu_set
.allocated
, arg_cpu_set
.set
) < 0)
3384 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
3386 (void) setup_hostname();
3388 if (arg_personality
!= PERSONALITY_INVALID
) {
3389 r
= safe_personality(arg_personality
);
3391 return log_error_errno(r
, "personality() failed: %m");
3392 } else if (secondary
) {
3393 r
= safe_personality(PER_LINUX32
);
3395 return log_error_errno(r
, "personality() failed: %m");
3398 r
= setrlimit_closest_all((const struct rlimit
*const*) arg_rlimit
, &which_failed
);
3400 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to apply resource limit RLIMIT_%s: %m", rlimit_to_string(which_failed
));
3405 if (is_seccomp_available()) {
3407 r
= seccomp_load(arg_seccomp
);
3408 if (ERRNO_IS_SECCOMP_FATAL(r
))
3409 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to install seccomp filter: %m");
3411 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to install seccomp filter: %m");
3416 r
= setup_seccomp(arg_caps_retain
, arg_syscall_allow_list
, arg_syscall_deny_list
);
3421 if (arg_suppress_sync
) {
3423 r
= seccomp_suppress_sync();
3425 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to install sync() suppression seccomp filter, ignoring: %m");
3427 log_debug("systemd is built without SECCOMP support. Ignoring --suppress-sync= command line option and SuppressSync= setting.");
3432 if (arg_selinux_context
)
3433 if (setexeccon(arg_selinux_context
) < 0)
3434 return log_error_errno(errno
, "setexeccon(\"%s\") failed: %m", arg_selinux_context
);
3437 /* Make sure we keep the caps across the uid/gid dropping, so that we can retain some selected caps
3438 * if we need to later on. */
3439 if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS
, 1) < 0)
3440 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to set PR_SET_KEEPCAPS: %m");
3442 if (uid_is_valid(arg_uid
) || gid_is_valid(arg_gid
))
3443 r
= change_uid_gid_raw(arg_uid
, arg_gid
, arg_supplementary_gids
, arg_n_supplementary_gids
, arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
);
3445 r
= change_uid_gid(arg_user
, arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
, &home
);
3449 r
= drop_capabilities(getuid());
3451 return log_error_errno(r
, "Dropping capabilities failed: %m");
3453 if (arg_no_new_privileges
)
3454 if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0)
3455 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to disable new privileges: %m");
3457 /* LXC sets container=lxc, so follow the scheme here */
3458 envp
[n_env
++] = strjoina("container=", arg_container_service_name
);
3460 envp
[n_env
] = strv_find_prefix(environ
, "TERM=");
3464 if (home
|| !uid_is_valid(arg_uid
) || arg_uid
== 0)
3465 if (asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "HOME=%s", home
?: "/root") < 0)
3468 if (arg_user
|| !uid_is_valid(arg_uid
) || arg_uid
== 0)
3469 if (asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "USER=%s", arg_user
?: "root") < 0 ||
3470 asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "LOGNAME=%s", arg_user
? arg_user
: "root") < 0)
3473 assert(!sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
));
3475 if (asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "container_uuid=%s", SD_ID128_TO_UUID_STRING(arg_uuid
)) < 0)
3478 if (fdset_size(fds
) > 0) {
3479 r
= fdset_cloexec(fds
, false);
3481 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to unset O_CLOEXEC for file descriptors.");
3483 if ((asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "LISTEN_FDS=%u", fdset_size(fds
)) < 0) ||
3484 (asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "LISTEN_PID=1") < 0))
3487 if (asprintf(envp
+ n_env
++, "NOTIFY_SOCKET=%s", NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
) < 0)
3490 if (arg_n_credentials
> 0) {
3491 envp
[n_env
] = strdup("CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY=/run/host/credentials");
3497 if (arg_start_mode
!= START_BOOT
) {
3498 envp
[n_env
] = strdup("LANG=" SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_LOCALE
);
3504 env_use
= strv_env_merge(envp
, os_release_pairs
, arg_setenv
);
3508 /* Let the parent know that we are ready and
3509 * wait until the parent is ready with the
3511 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) /* #5 */
3512 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Parent died too early");
3515 if (chdir(arg_chdir
) < 0)
3516 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to change to specified working directory %s: %m", arg_chdir
);
3518 if (arg_start_mode
== START_PID2
) {
3519 r
= stub_pid1(arg_uuid
);
3524 if (arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
) {
3525 /* So far our pty wasn't controlled by any process. Finally, it's time to change that, if we
3526 * are configured for that. Acquire it as controlling tty. */
3527 if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO
, TIOCSCTTY
) < 0)
3528 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to acquire controlling TTY: %m");
3531 log_debug("Inner child completed, invoking payload.");
3533 /* Now, explicitly close the log, so that we then can close all remaining fds. Closing the log explicitly first
3534 * has the benefit that the logging subsystem knows about it, and is thus ready to be reopened should we need
3535 * it again. Note that the other fds closed here are at least the locking and barrier fds. */
3537 log_set_open_when_needed(true);
3539 (void) fdset_close_others(fds
);
3541 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
) {
3545 /* Automatically search for the init system */
3547 m
= strv_length(arg_parameters
);
3548 a
= newa(char*, m
+ 2);
3549 memcpy_safe(a
+ 1, arg_parameters
, m
* sizeof(char*));
3552 FOREACH_STRING(init
,
3553 "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd",
3554 "/lib/systemd/systemd",
3556 a
[0] = (char*) init
;
3557 execve(a
[0], a
, env_use
);
3560 exec_target
= "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd, /lib/systemd/systemd, /sbin/init";
3561 } else if (!strv_isempty(arg_parameters
)) {
3562 const char *dollar_path
;
3564 exec_target
= arg_parameters
[0];
3566 /* Use the user supplied search $PATH if there is one, or DEFAULT_PATH_COMPAT if not to search the
3568 dollar_path
= strv_env_get(env_use
, "PATH");
3570 if (setenv("PATH", dollar_path
, 1) < 0)
3571 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to update $PATH: %m");
3574 execvpe(arg_parameters
[0], arg_parameters
, env_use
);
3577 /* If we cannot change the directory, we'll end up in /, that is expected. */
3578 (void) chdir(home
?: "/root");
3580 execle(DEFAULT_USER_SHELL
, "-" DEFAULT_USER_SHELL_NAME
, NULL
, env_use
);
3581 if (!streq(DEFAULT_USER_SHELL
, "/bin/bash"))
3582 execle("/bin/bash", "-bash", NULL
, env_use
);
3583 if (!streq(DEFAULT_USER_SHELL
, "/bin/sh"))
3584 execle("/bin/sh", "-sh", NULL
, env_use
);
3586 exec_target
= DEFAULT_USER_SHELL
", /bin/bash, /bin/sh";
3589 return log_error_errno(errno
, "execv(%s) failed: %m", exec_target
);
3592 static int setup_notify_child(void) {
3593 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
;
3594 static const union sockaddr_union sa
= {
3595 .un
.sun_family
= AF_UNIX
,
3596 .un
.sun_path
= NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
,
3600 fd
= socket(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_DGRAM
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
|SOCK_NONBLOCK
, 0);
3602 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to allocate notification socket: %m");
3604 (void) mkdir_parents(NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
, 0755);
3605 (void) sockaddr_un_unlink(&sa
.un
);
3607 r
= bind(fd
, &sa
.sa
, SOCKADDR_UN_LEN(sa
.un
));
3609 return log_error_errno(errno
, "bind(" NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
") failed: %m");
3611 r
= userns_lchown(NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
, 0, 0);
3613 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown " NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
": %m");
3615 r
= setsockopt_int(fd
, SOL_SOCKET
, SO_PASSCRED
, true);
3617 return log_error_errno(r
, "SO_PASSCRED failed: %m");
3622 static int outer_child(
3624 const char *directory
,
3625 DissectedImage
*dissected_image
,
3627 int fd_outer_socket
,
3628 int fd_inner_socket
,
3632 _cleanup_(bind_user_context_freep
) BindUserContext
*bind_user_context
= NULL
;
3633 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **os_release_pairs
= NULL
;
3634 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
, mntns_fd
= -EBADF
;
3641 /* This is the "outer" child process, i.e the one forked off by the container manager itself. It
3642 * already has its own CLONE_NEWNS namespace (which was created by the clone()). It still lives in
3643 * the host's CLONE_NEWPID, CLONE_NEWUTS, CLONE_NEWIPC, CLONE_NEWUSER and CLONE_NEWNET
3644 * namespaces. After it completed a number of initializations a second child (the "inner" one) is
3645 * forked off it, and it exits. */
3649 assert(fd_outer_socket
>= 0);
3650 assert(fd_inner_socket
>= 0);
3652 log_debug("Outer child is initializing.");
3654 r
= load_os_release_pairs_with_prefix("/", "container_host_", &os_release_pairs
);
3656 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to read os-release from host for container, ignoring: %m");
3658 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
, SIGKILL
) < 0)
3659 return log_error_errno(errno
, "PR_SET_PDEATHSIG failed: %m");
3661 r
= reset_audit_loginuid();
3665 /* Mark everything as slave, so that we still receive mounts from the real root, but don't propagate
3666 * mounts to the real root. */
3667 r
= mount_follow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, "/", NULL
, MS_SLAVE
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3671 if (dissected_image
) {
3672 /* If we are operating on a disk image, then mount its root directory now, but leave out the
3673 * rest. We can read the UID shift from it if we need to. Further down we'll mount the rest,
3674 * but then with the uid shift known. That way we can mount VFAT file systems shifted to the
3675 * right place right away. This makes sure ESP partitions and userns are compatible. */
3677 r
= dissected_image_mount_and_warn(
3682 DISSECT_IMAGE_MOUNT_ROOT_ONLY
|
3683 DISSECT_IMAGE_DISCARD_ON_LOOP
|
3684 DISSECT_IMAGE_USR_NO_ROOT
|
3685 (arg_read_only
? DISSECT_IMAGE_READ_ONLY
: DISSECT_IMAGE_FSCK
|DISSECT_IMAGE_GROWFS
)|
3686 (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
? DISSECT_IMAGE_VALIDATE_OS
: 0));
3691 r
= determine_uid_shift(directory
);
3695 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
3696 r
= namespace_open(0, NULL
, &mntns_fd
, NULL
, NULL
, NULL
);
3698 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to pin outer mount namespace: %m");
3700 l
= send_one_fd(fd_outer_socket
, mntns_fd
, 0);
3702 return log_error_errno(l
, "Failed to send outer mount namespace fd: %m");
3703 mntns_fd
= safe_close(mntns_fd
);
3705 /* Let the parent know which UID shift we read from the image */
3706 l
= send(fd_outer_socket
, &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof(arg_uid_shift
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3708 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send UID shift: %m");
3709 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uid_shift
))
3710 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3711 "Short write while sending UID shift.");
3713 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
3714 /* When we are supposed to pick the UID shift, the parent will check now whether the
3715 * UID shift we just read from the image is available. If yes, it will send the UID
3716 * shift back to us, if not it will pick a different one, and send it back to us. */
3718 l
= recv(fd_outer_socket
, &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof(arg_uid_shift
), 0);
3720 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to recv UID shift: %m");
3721 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uid_shift
))
3722 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3723 "Short read while receiving UID shift.");
3726 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
,
3727 "Selected user namespace base " UID_FMT
" and range " UID_FMT
".", arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
3730 if (path_equal(directory
, "/")) {
3731 /* If the directory we shall boot is the host, let's operate on a bind mount at a different
3732 * place, so that we can make changes to its mount structure (for example, to implement
3733 * --volatile=) without this interfering with our ability to access files such as
3734 * /etc/localtime to copy into the container. Note that we use a fixed place for this
3735 * (instead of a temporary directory, since we are living in our own mount namespace here
3736 * already, and thus don't need to be afraid of colliding with anyone else's mounts). */
3737 (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/nspawn-root", 0755);
3739 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, "/", "/run/systemd/nspawn-root", NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3743 directory
= "/run/systemd/nspawn-root";
3746 r
= setup_pivot_root(
3749 arg_pivot_root_old
);
3753 r
= setup_volatile_mode(
3757 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
3761 r
= bind_user_prepare(
3766 &arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3767 &bind_user_context
);
3771 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& bind_user_context
) {
3772 /* Send the user maps we determined to the parent, so that it installs it in our user
3773 * namespace UID map table */
3775 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< bind_user_context
->n_data
; i
++) {
3777 bind_user_context
->data
[i
].payload_user
->uid
,
3778 bind_user_context
->data
[i
].host_user
->uid
,
3779 (uid_t
) bind_user_context
->data
[i
].payload_group
->gid
,
3780 (uid_t
) bind_user_context
->data
[i
].host_group
->gid
,
3783 l
= send(fd_outer_socket
, map
, sizeof(map
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3785 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send user UID map: %m");
3786 if (l
!= sizeof(map
))
3787 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3788 "Short write while sending user UID map.");
3795 arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3798 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3803 /* Make sure we always have a mount that we can move to root later on. */
3804 r
= make_mount_point(directory
);
3808 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&&
3809 IN_SET(arg_userns_ownership
, USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_MAP
, USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_AUTO
) &&
3810 arg_uid_shift
!= 0) {
3812 r
= remount_idmap(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
, UID_INVALID
, REMOUNT_IDMAPPING_HOST_ROOT
);
3813 if (r
== -EINVAL
|| ERRNO_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED(r
)) {
3814 /* This might fail because the kernel or file system doesn't support idmapping. We
3815 * can't really distinguish this nicely, nor do we have any guarantees about the
3816 * error codes we see, could be EOPNOTSUPP or EINVAL. */
3817 if (arg_userns_ownership
!= USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_AUTO
)
3818 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
),
3819 "ID mapped mounts are apparently not available, sorry.");
3821 log_debug("ID mapped mounts are apparently not available on this kernel or for the selected file system, reverting to recursive chown()ing.");
3822 arg_userns_ownership
= USER_NAMESPACE_OWNERSHIP_CHOWN
;
3824 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set up ID mapped mounts: %m");
3826 log_debug("ID mapped mounts available, making use of them.");
3831 if (dissected_image
) {
3832 /* Now we know the uid shift, let's now mount everything else that might be in the image. */
3833 r
= dissected_image_mount(
3838 DISSECT_IMAGE_MOUNT_NON_ROOT_ONLY
|
3839 DISSECT_IMAGE_DISCARD_ON_LOOP
|
3840 DISSECT_IMAGE_USR_NO_ROOT
|
3841 (arg_read_only
? DISSECT_IMAGE_READ_ONLY
: DISSECT_IMAGE_FSCK
|DISSECT_IMAGE_GROWFS
)|
3842 (idmap
? DISSECT_IMAGE_MOUNT_IDMAPPED
: 0));
3844 return log_error_errno(r
, "File system check for image failed: %m");
3846 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to mount image file system: %m");
3849 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
) {
3850 /* OK, we don't know yet which cgroup mode to use yet. Let's figure it out, and tell the parent. */
3852 r
= detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_image(directory
);
3856 l
= send(fd_outer_socket
, &arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3858 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send cgroup mode: %m");
3859 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
))
3860 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3861 "Short write while sending cgroup mode.");
3864 r
= recursive_chown(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
3868 r
= base_filesystem_create(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
);
3872 if (arg_read_only
&& arg_volatile_mode
== VOLATILE_NO
&&
3873 !has_custom_root_mount(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
)) {
3874 r
= bind_remount_recursive(directory
, MS_RDONLY
, MS_RDONLY
, NULL
);
3876 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to make tree read-only: %m");
3879 r
= mount_all(directory
,
3882 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
3886 r
= copy_devnodes(directory
);
3890 r
= make_extra_nodes(directory
);
3894 (void) dev_setup(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
);
3896 p
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/run/host");
3897 (void) make_inaccessible_nodes(p
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
);
3899 r
= setup_pts(directory
);
3903 r
= mount_tunnel_dig(directory
);
3907 r
= setup_keyring();
3911 r
= setup_credentials(directory
);
3915 r
= bind_user_setup(bind_user_context
, directory
);
3922 arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3925 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3926 MOUNT_NON_ROOT_ONLY
);
3930 r
= setup_timezone(directory
);
3934 r
= setup_resolv_conf(directory
);
3938 r
= setup_machine_id(directory
);
3942 r
= setup_journal(directory
);
3946 /* The same stuff as the $container env var, but nicely readable for the entire payload */
3947 p
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/run/host/container-manager");
3948 (void) write_string_file(p
, arg_container_service_name
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE
);
3950 /* The same stuff as the $container_uuid env var */
3951 p
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/run/host/container-uuid");
3952 (void) write_string_filef(p
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE
, SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR
, SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(arg_uuid
));
3954 if (!arg_use_cgns
) {
3957 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
,
3958 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
3961 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3967 /* Mark everything as shared so our mounts get propagated down. This is required to make new bind
3968 * mounts available in systemd services inside the container that create a new mount namespace. See
3969 * https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3860 Further submounts (such as /dev) done after this
3970 * will inherit the shared propagation mode.
3972 * IMPORTANT: Do not overmount the root directory anymore from now on to enable moving the root
3973 * directory mount to root later on.
3974 * https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3847#issuecomment-562735251
3976 r
= mount_switch_root(directory
, MS_SHARED
);
3978 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to move root directory: %m");
3980 /* We finished setting up the rootfs which is a shared mount. The mount tunnel needs to be a
3981 * dependent mount otherwise we can't MS_MOVE mounts that were propagated from the host into
3983 r
= mount_tunnel_open();
3987 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
3988 /* In order to mount procfs and sysfs in an unprivileged container the kernel
3989 * requires that a fully visible instance is already present in the target mount
3990 * namespace. Mount one here so the inner child can mount its own instances. Later
3991 * we umount the temporary instances created here before we actually exec the
3992 * payload. Since the rootfs is shared the umount will propagate into the container.
3993 * Note, the inner child wouldn't be able to unmount the instances on its own since
3994 * it doesn't own the originating mount namespace. IOW, the outer child needs to do
3996 r
= pin_fully_visible_fs();
4001 fd
= setup_notify_child();
4005 pid
= raw_clone(SIGCHLD
|CLONE_NEWNS
|
4006 arg_clone_ns_flags
|
4007 (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
? CLONE_NEWUSER
: 0));
4009 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to fork inner child: %m");
4011 fd_outer_socket
= safe_close(fd_outer_socket
);
4013 /* The inner child has all namespaces that are requested, so that we all are owned by the
4014 * user if user namespaces are turned on. */
4016 if (arg_network_namespace_path
) {
4017 r
= namespace_enter(-1, -1, netns_fd
, -1, -1);
4019 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to join network namespace: %m");
4022 r
= inner_child(barrier
, directory
, secondary
, fd_inner_socket
, fds
, os_release_pairs
);
4024 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
4026 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS
);
4029 l
= send(fd_outer_socket
, &pid
, sizeof(pid
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
4031 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send PID: %m");
4032 if (l
!= sizeof(pid
))
4033 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
4034 "Short write while sending PID.");
4036 l
= send(fd_outer_socket
, &arg_uuid
, sizeof(arg_uuid
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
4038 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send machine ID: %m");
4039 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uuid
))
4040 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
4041 "Short write while sending machine ID.");
4043 l
= send_one_fd(fd_outer_socket
, fd
, 0);
4045 return log_error_errno(l
, "Failed to send notify fd: %m");
4047 fd_outer_socket
= safe_close(fd_outer_socket
);
4048 fd_inner_socket
= safe_close(fd_inner_socket
);
4049 netns_fd
= safe_close(netns_fd
);
4054 static int uid_shift_pick(uid_t
*shift
, LockFile
*ret_lock_file
) {
4055 bool tried_hashed
= false;
4056 unsigned n_tries
= 100;
4061 assert(ret_lock_file
);
4062 assert(arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
);
4063 assert(arg_uid_range
== 0x10000U
);
4067 (void) mkdir("/run/systemd/nspawn-uid", 0755);
4070 char lock_path
[STRLEN("/run/systemd/nspawn-uid/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t
) + 1];
4071 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile lf
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
4076 if (candidate
< CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
|| candidate
> CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MAX
)
4078 if ((candidate
& UINT32_C(0xFFFF)) != 0)
4081 xsprintf(lock_path
, "/run/systemd/nspawn-uid/" UID_FMT
, candidate
);
4082 r
= make_lock_file(lock_path
, LOCK_EX
|LOCK_NB
, &lf
);
4083 if (r
== -EBUSY
) /* Range already taken by another nspawn instance */
4088 /* Make some superficial checks whether the range is currently known in the user database */
4089 if (getpwuid(candidate
))
4091 if (getpwuid(candidate
+ UINT32_C(0xFFFE)))
4093 if (getgrgid(candidate
))
4095 if (getgrgid(candidate
+ UINT32_C(0xFFFE)))
4098 *ret_lock_file
= lf
;
4099 lf
= (struct LockFile
) LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
4104 if (arg_machine
&& !tried_hashed
) {
4105 /* Try to hash the base from the container name */
4107 static const uint8_t hash_key
[] = {
4108 0xe1, 0x56, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0x4a, 0xf0, 0x41, 0xaf,
4109 0x96, 0x41, 0xcf, 0x41, 0x33, 0x94, 0xff, 0x72
4112 candidate
= (uid_t
) siphash24(arg_machine
, strlen(arg_machine
), hash_key
);
4114 tried_hashed
= true;
4116 random_bytes(&candidate
, sizeof(candidate
));
4118 candidate
= (candidate
% (CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MAX
- CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
)) + CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
;
4119 candidate
&= (uid_t
) UINT32_C(0xFFFF0000);
4123 static int add_one_uid_map(
4125 uid_t container_uid
,
4129 return strextendf(p
,
4130 UID_FMT
" " UID_FMT
" " UID_FMT
"\n",
4131 container_uid
, host_uid
, range
);
4134 static int make_uid_map_string(
4135 const uid_t bind_user_uid
[],
4136 size_t n_bind_user_uid
,
4140 _cleanup_free_
char *s
= NULL
;
4141 uid_t previous_uid
= 0;
4144 assert(n_bind_user_uid
== 0 || bind_user_uid
);
4145 assert(IN_SET(offset
, 0, 2)); /* used to switch between UID and GID map */
4148 /* The bind_user_uid[] array is a series of 4 uid_t values, for each --bind-user= entry one
4149 * quadruplet, consisting of host and container UID + GID. */
4151 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< n_bind_user_uid
; i
++) {
4152 uid_t payload_uid
= bind_user_uid
[i
*4+offset
],
4153 host_uid
= bind_user_uid
[i
*4+offset
+1];
4155 assert(previous_uid
<= payload_uid
);
4156 assert(payload_uid
< arg_uid_range
);
4158 /* Add a range to close the gap to previous entry */
4159 if (payload_uid
> previous_uid
) {
4160 r
= add_one_uid_map(&s
, previous_uid
, arg_uid_shift
+ previous_uid
, payload_uid
- previous_uid
);
4165 /* Map this specific user */
4166 r
= add_one_uid_map(&s
, payload_uid
, host_uid
, 1);
4170 previous_uid
= payload_uid
+ 1;
4173 /* And add a range to close the gap to finish the range */
4174 if (arg_uid_range
> previous_uid
) {
4175 r
= add_one_uid_map(&s
, previous_uid
, arg_uid_shift
+ previous_uid
, arg_uid_range
- previous_uid
);
4186 static int setup_uid_map(
4188 const uid_t bind_user_uid
[],
4189 size_t n_bind_user_uid
) {
4191 char uid_map
[STRLEN("/proc//uid_map") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t
) + 1];
4192 _cleanup_free_
char *s
= NULL
;
4197 /* Build the UID map string */
4198 if (make_uid_map_string(bind_user_uid
, n_bind_user_uid
, 0, &s
) < 0) /* offset=0 contains the UID pair */
4201 xsprintf(uid_map
, "/proc/" PID_FMT
"/uid_map", pid
);
4202 r
= write_string_file(uid_map
, s
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER
);
4204 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write UID map: %m");
4206 /* And now build the GID map string */
4208 if (make_uid_map_string(bind_user_uid
, n_bind_user_uid
, 2, &s
) < 0) /* offset=2 contains the GID pair */
4211 xsprintf(uid_map
, "/proc/" PID_FMT
"/gid_map", pid
);
4212 r
= write_string_file(uid_map
, s
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER
);
4214 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write GID map: %m");
4219 static int nspawn_dispatch_notify_fd(sd_event_source
*source
, int fd
, uint32_t revents
, void *userdata
) {
4220 char buf
[NOTIFY_BUFFER_MAX
+1];
4222 struct iovec iovec
= {
4224 .iov_len
= sizeof(buf
)-1,
4226 CMSG_BUFFER_TYPE(CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct ucred
)) +
4227 CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int) * NOTIFY_FD_MAX
)) control
;
4228 struct msghdr msghdr
= {
4231 .msg_control
= &control
,
4232 .msg_controllen
= sizeof(control
),
4234 struct ucred
*ucred
;
4236 pid_t inner_child_pid
;
4237 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **tags
= NULL
;
4242 inner_child_pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
4244 if (revents
!= EPOLLIN
) {
4245 log_warning("Got unexpected poll event for notify fd.");
4249 n
= recvmsg_safe(fd
, &msghdr
, MSG_DONTWAIT
|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC
);
4251 if (ERRNO_IS_TRANSIENT(n
))
4254 log_warning("Got message with truncated control data (too many fds sent?), ignoring.");
4257 return log_warning_errno(n
, "Couldn't read notification socket: %m");
4260 cmsg_close_all(&msghdr
);
4262 ucred
= CMSG_FIND_DATA(&msghdr
, SOL_SOCKET
, SCM_CREDENTIALS
, struct ucred
);
4263 if (!ucred
|| ucred
->pid
!= inner_child_pid
) {
4264 log_debug("Received notify message without valid credentials. Ignoring.");
4268 if ((size_t) n
>= sizeof(buf
)) {
4269 log_warning("Received notify message exceeded maximum size. Ignoring.");
4274 tags
= strv_split(buf
, "\n\r");
4278 if (strv_contains(tags
, "READY=1")) {
4279 r
= sd_notify(false, "READY=1\n");
4281 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to send readiness notification, ignoring: %m");
4284 p
= strv_find_startswith(tags
, "STATUS=");
4286 (void) sd_notifyf(false, "STATUS=Container running: %s", p
);
4291 static int setup_notify_parent(sd_event
*event
, int fd
, pid_t
*inner_child_pid
, sd_event_source
**notify_event_source
) {
4294 r
= sd_event_add_io(event
, notify_event_source
, fd
, EPOLLIN
, nspawn_dispatch_notify_fd
, inner_child_pid
);
4296 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to allocate notify event source: %m");
4298 (void) sd_event_source_set_description(*notify_event_source
, "nspawn-notify");
4303 static int merge_settings(Settings
*settings
, const char *path
) {
4309 /* Copy over bits from the settings, unless they have been explicitly masked by command line switches. Note
4310 * that this steals the fields of the Settings* structure, and hence modifies it. */
4312 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_START_MODE
) == 0 &&
4313 settings
->start_mode
>= 0) {
4314 arg_start_mode
= settings
->start_mode
;
4315 strv_free_and_replace(arg_parameters
, settings
->parameters
);
4318 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_EPHEMERAL
) == 0 &&
4319 settings
->ephemeral
>= 0)
4320 arg_ephemeral
= settings
->ephemeral
;
4322 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_DIRECTORY
) == 0 &&
4325 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4326 log_warning("Ignoring root directory setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4328 free_and_replace(arg_directory
, settings
->root
);
4331 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_PIVOT_ROOT
) == 0 &&
4332 settings
->pivot_root_new
) {
4333 free_and_replace(arg_pivot_root_new
, settings
->pivot_root_new
);
4334 free_and_replace(arg_pivot_root_old
, settings
->pivot_root_old
);
4337 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_WORKING_DIRECTORY
) == 0 &&
4338 settings
->working_directory
)
4339 free_and_replace(arg_chdir
, settings
->working_directory
);
4341 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_ENVIRONMENT
) == 0 &&
4342 settings
->environment
)
4343 strv_free_and_replace(arg_setenv
, settings
->environment
);
4345 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USER
) == 0) {
4348 free_and_replace(arg_user
, settings
->user
);
4350 if (uid_is_valid(settings
->uid
))
4351 arg_uid
= settings
->uid
;
4352 if (gid_is_valid(settings
->gid
))
4353 arg_gid
= settings
->gid
;
4354 if (settings
->n_supplementary_gids
> 0) {
4355 free_and_replace(arg_supplementary_gids
, settings
->supplementary_gids
);
4356 arg_n_supplementary_gids
= settings
->n_supplementary_gids
;
4360 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CAPABILITY
) == 0) {
4361 uint64_t plus
, minus
;
4362 uint64_t network_minus
= 0;
4365 /* Note that we copy both the simple plus/minus caps here, and the full quintet from the
4366 * Settings structure */
4368 plus
= settings
->capability
;
4369 minus
= settings
->drop_capability
;
4371 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NETWORK
) == 0 &&
4372 settings_network_configured(settings
)) {
4373 if (settings_private_network(settings
))
4374 plus
|= UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN
;
4376 network_minus
|= UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN
;
4379 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& plus
!= 0) {
4380 if (settings
->capability
!= 0)
4381 log_warning("Ignoring Capability= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4383 arg_caps_retain
&= ~network_minus
;
4384 arg_caps_retain
|= plus
;
4387 arg_caps_retain
&= ~minus
;
4389 /* Copy the full capabilities over too */
4390 if (capability_quintet_is_set(&settings
->full_capabilities
)) {
4391 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4392 log_warning("Ignoring capability settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4394 arg_full_capabilities
= settings
->full_capabilities
;
4397 ambient
= settings
->ambient_capability
;
4398 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& ambient
!= 0)
4399 log_warning("Ignoring AmbientCapability= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4401 arg_caps_ambient
|= ambient
;
4404 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_KILL_SIGNAL
) == 0 &&
4405 settings
->kill_signal
> 0)
4406 arg_kill_signal
= settings
->kill_signal
;
4408 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_PERSONALITY
) == 0 &&
4409 settings
->personality
!= PERSONALITY_INVALID
)
4410 arg_personality
= settings
->personality
;
4412 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_MACHINE_ID
) == 0 &&
4413 !sd_id128_is_null(settings
->machine_id
)) {
4415 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4416 log_warning("Ignoring MachineID= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4418 arg_uuid
= settings
->machine_id
;
4421 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_READ_ONLY
) == 0 &&
4422 settings
->read_only
>= 0)
4423 arg_read_only
= settings
->read_only
;
4425 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_VOLATILE_MODE
) == 0 &&
4426 settings
->volatile_mode
!= _VOLATILE_MODE_INVALID
)
4427 arg_volatile_mode
= settings
->volatile_mode
;
4429 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
) == 0 &&
4430 settings
->n_custom_mounts
> 0) {
4432 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4433 log_warning("Ignoring TemporaryFileSystem=, Bind= and BindReadOnly= settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4435 custom_mount_free_all(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
4436 arg_custom_mounts
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->custom_mounts
);
4437 arg_n_custom_mounts
= settings
->n_custom_mounts
;
4438 settings
->n_custom_mounts
= 0;
4442 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NETWORK
) == 0 &&
4443 settings_network_configured(settings
)) {
4445 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4446 log_warning("Ignoring network settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4448 arg_network_veth
= settings_network_veth(settings
);
4449 arg_private_network
= settings_private_network(settings
);
4451 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_interfaces
, settings
->network_interfaces
);
4452 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_macvlan
, settings
->network_macvlan
);
4453 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_ipvlan
, settings
->network_ipvlan
);
4454 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_veth_extra
, settings
->network_veth_extra
);
4456 free_and_replace(arg_network_bridge
, settings
->network_bridge
);
4457 free_and_replace(arg_network_zone
, settings
->network_zone
);
4459 free_and_replace(arg_network_namespace_path
, settings
->network_namespace_path
);
4463 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_EXPOSE_PORTS
) == 0 &&
4464 settings
->expose_ports
) {
4466 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4467 log_warning("Ignoring Port= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4469 expose_port_free_all(arg_expose_ports
);
4470 arg_expose_ports
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->expose_ports
);
4474 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USERNS
) == 0 &&
4475 settings
->userns_mode
!= _USER_NAMESPACE_MODE_INVALID
) {
4477 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4478 log_warning("Ignoring PrivateUsers= and PrivateUsersChown= settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4480 arg_userns_mode
= settings
->userns_mode
;
4481 arg_uid_shift
= settings
->uid_shift
;
4482 arg_uid_range
= settings
->uid_range
;
4483 arg_userns_ownership
= settings
->userns_ownership
;
4487 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_BIND_USER
) == 0 &&
4488 !strv_isempty(settings
->bind_user
))
4489 strv_free_and_replace(arg_bind_user
, settings
->bind_user
);
4491 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NOTIFY_READY
) == 0 &&
4492 settings
->notify_ready
>= 0)
4493 arg_notify_ready
= settings
->notify_ready
;
4495 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_SYSCALL_FILTER
) == 0) {
4497 if (!strv_isempty(settings
->syscall_allow_list
) || !strv_isempty(settings
->syscall_deny_list
)) {
4498 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& !strv_isempty(settings
->syscall_allow_list
))
4499 log_warning("Ignoring SystemCallFilter= settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4501 strv_free_and_replace(arg_syscall_allow_list
, settings
->syscall_allow_list
);
4502 strv_free_and_replace(arg_syscall_deny_list
, settings
->syscall_deny_list
);
4507 if (settings
->seccomp
) {
4508 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4509 log_warning("Ignoring SECCOMP filter, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4511 seccomp_release(arg_seccomp
);
4512 arg_seccomp
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->seccomp
);
4518 for (rl
= 0; rl
< _RLIMIT_MAX
; rl
++) {
4519 if ((arg_settings_mask
& (SETTING_RLIMIT_FIRST
<< rl
)))
4522 if (!settings
->rlimit
[rl
])
4525 if (!arg_settings_trusted
) {
4526 log_warning("Ignoring Limit%s= setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", rlimit_to_string(rl
), path
);
4530 free_and_replace(arg_rlimit
[rl
], settings
->rlimit
[rl
]);
4533 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_HOSTNAME
) == 0 &&
4535 free_and_replace(arg_hostname
, settings
->hostname
);
4537 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
) == 0 &&
4538 settings
->no_new_privileges
>= 0)
4539 arg_no_new_privileges
= settings
->no_new_privileges
;
4541 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
) == 0 &&
4542 settings
->oom_score_adjust_set
) {
4544 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4545 log_warning("Ignoring OOMScoreAdjust= setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4547 arg_oom_score_adjust
= settings
->oom_score_adjust
;
4548 arg_oom_score_adjust_set
= true;
4552 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CPU_AFFINITY
) == 0 &&
4553 settings
->cpu_set
.set
) {
4555 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4556 log_warning("Ignoring CPUAffinity= setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4558 cpu_set_reset(&arg_cpu_set
);
4559 arg_cpu_set
= settings
->cpu_set
;
4560 settings
->cpu_set
= (CPUSet
) {};
4564 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_RESOLV_CONF
) == 0 &&
4565 settings
->resolv_conf
!= _RESOLV_CONF_MODE_INVALID
)
4566 arg_resolv_conf
= settings
->resolv_conf
;
4568 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_LINK_JOURNAL
) == 0 &&
4569 settings
->link_journal
!= _LINK_JOURNAL_INVALID
) {
4571 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4572 log_warning("Ignoring journal link setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4574 arg_link_journal
= settings
->link_journal
;
4575 arg_link_journal_try
= settings
->link_journal_try
;
4579 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_TIMEZONE
) == 0 &&
4580 settings
->timezone
!= _TIMEZONE_MODE_INVALID
)
4581 arg_timezone
= settings
->timezone
;
4583 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_SLICE
) == 0 &&
4586 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4587 log_warning("Ignoring slice setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4589 free_and_replace(arg_slice
, settings
->slice
);
4592 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USE_CGNS
) == 0 &&
4593 settings
->use_cgns
>= 0) {
4595 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4596 log_warning("Ignoring cgroup namespace setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4598 arg_use_cgns
= settings
->use_cgns
;
4601 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CLONE_NS_FLAGS
) == 0 &&
4602 settings
->clone_ns_flags
!= ULONG_MAX
) {
4604 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4605 log_warning("Ignoring namespace setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4607 arg_clone_ns_flags
= settings
->clone_ns_flags
;
4610 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CONSOLE_MODE
) == 0 &&
4611 settings
->console_mode
>= 0) {
4613 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4614 log_warning("Ignoring console mode setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4616 arg_console_mode
= settings
->console_mode
;
4619 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_SUPPRESS_SYNC
) == 0 &&
4620 settings
->suppress_sync
>= 0)
4621 arg_suppress_sync
= settings
->suppress_sync
;
4623 /* The following properties can only be set through the OCI settings logic, not from the command line, hence we
4624 * don't consult arg_settings_mask for them. */
4626 sd_bus_message_unref(arg_property_message
);
4627 arg_property_message
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->properties
);
4629 arg_console_width
= settings
->console_width
;
4630 arg_console_height
= settings
->console_height
;
4632 device_node_array_free(arg_extra_nodes
, arg_n_extra_nodes
);
4633 arg_extra_nodes
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->extra_nodes
);
4634 arg_n_extra_nodes
= settings
->n_extra_nodes
;
4639 static int load_settings(void) {
4640 _cleanup_(settings_freep
) Settings
*settings
= NULL
;
4641 _cleanup_fclose_
FILE *f
= NULL
;
4642 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
4648 /* If all settings are masked, there's no point in looking for
4649 * the settings file */
4650 if (FLAGS_SET(arg_settings_mask
, _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL
))
4653 /* We first look in the admin's directories in /etc and /run */
4654 FOREACH_STRING(i
, "/etc/systemd/nspawn", "/run/systemd/nspawn") {
4655 _cleanup_free_
char *j
= NULL
;
4657 j
= path_join(i
, arg_settings_filename
);
4665 /* By default, we trust configuration from /etc and /run */
4666 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
4667 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
4672 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
4673 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open %s: %m", j
);
4677 /* After that, let's look for a file next to the
4678 * actual image we shall boot. */
4681 p
= file_in_same_dir(arg_image
, arg_settings_filename
);
4684 } else if (arg_directory
&& !path_equal(arg_directory
, "/")) {
4685 p
= file_in_same_dir(arg_directory
, arg_settings_filename
);
4692 if (!f
&& errno
!= ENOENT
)
4693 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open %s: %m", p
);
4695 /* By default, we do not trust configuration from /var/lib/machines */
4696 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
4697 arg_settings_trusted
= false;
4704 log_debug("Settings are trusted: %s", yes_no(arg_settings_trusted
));
4706 r
= settings_load(f
, p
, &settings
);
4710 return merge_settings(settings
, p
);
4713 static int load_oci_bundle(void) {
4714 _cleanup_(settings_freep
) Settings
*settings
= NULL
;
4717 if (!arg_oci_bundle
)
4720 /* By default let's trust OCI bundles */
4721 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
4722 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
4724 r
= oci_load(NULL
, arg_oci_bundle
, &settings
);
4728 return merge_settings(settings
, arg_oci_bundle
);
4731 static int run_container(
4732 DissectedImage
*dissected_image
,
4735 char veth_name
[IFNAMSIZ
], bool *veth_created
,
4736 struct ExposeArgs
*expose_args
,
4737 int *master
, pid_t
*pid
, int *ret
) {
4739 static const struct sigaction sa
= {
4740 .sa_handler
= nop_signal_handler
,
4741 .sa_flags
= SA_NOCLDSTOP
|SA_RESTART
,
4744 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile uid_shift_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
4745 _cleanup_close_
int etc_passwd_lock
= -1;
4746 _cleanup_close_pair_
int
4747 fd_inner_socket_pair
[2] = PIPE_EBADF
,
4748 fd_outer_socket_pair
[2] = PIPE_EBADF
;
4750 _cleanup_close_
int notify_socket
= -1, mntns_fd
= -EBADF
, fd_kmsg_fifo
= -EBADF
;
4751 _cleanup_(barrier_destroy
) Barrier barrier
= BARRIER_NULL
;
4752 _cleanup_(sd_event_source_unrefp
) sd_event_source
*notify_event_source
= NULL
;
4753 _cleanup_(sd_event_unrefp
) sd_event
*event
= NULL
;
4754 _cleanup_(pty_forward_freep
) PTYForward
*forward
= NULL
;
4755 _cleanup_(sd_netlink_unrefp
) sd_netlink
*rtnl
= NULL
;
4756 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp
) sd_bus
*bus
= NULL
;
4757 _cleanup_free_ uid_t
*bind_user_uid
= NULL
;
4758 size_t n_bind_user_uid
= 0;
4759 ContainerStatus container_status
= 0;
4763 _cleanup_close_
int child_netns_fd
= -EBADF
;
4765 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask_chld
) == 0);
4766 assert_se(sigaddset(&mask_chld
, SIGCHLD
) == 0);
4768 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
4769 /* When we shall pick the UID/GID range, let's first lock /etc/passwd, so that we can safely
4770 * check with getpwuid() if the specific user already exists. Note that /etc might be
4771 * read-only, in which case this will fail with EROFS. But that's really OK, as in that case we
4772 * can be reasonably sure that no users are going to be added. Note that getpwuid() checks are
4773 * really just an extra safety net. We kinda assume that the UID range we allocate from is
4776 etc_passwd_lock
= take_etc_passwd_lock(NULL
);
4777 if (etc_passwd_lock
< 0 && etc_passwd_lock
!= -EROFS
)
4778 return log_error_errno(etc_passwd_lock
, "Failed to take /etc/passwd lock: %m");
4781 r
= barrier_create(&barrier
);
4783 return log_error_errno(r
, "Cannot initialize IPC barrier: %m");
4785 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, fd_inner_socket_pair
) < 0)
4786 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create inner socket pair: %m");
4788 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, fd_outer_socket_pair
) < 0)
4789 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create outer socket pair: %m");
4791 /* Child can be killed before execv(), so handle SIGCHLD in order to interrupt
4792 * parent's blocking calls and give it a chance to call wait() and terminate. */
4793 r
= sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK
, &mask_chld
, NULL
);
4795 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to change the signal mask: %m");
4797 r
= sigaction(SIGCHLD
, &sa
, NULL
);
4799 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to install SIGCHLD handler: %m");
4801 if (arg_network_namespace_path
) {
4802 child_netns_fd
= open(arg_network_namespace_path
, O_RDONLY
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4803 if (child_netns_fd
< 0)
4804 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Cannot open file %s: %m", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4806 r
= fd_is_ns(child_netns_fd
, CLONE_NEWNET
);
4808 log_debug_errno(r
, "Cannot determine if passed network namespace path '%s' really refers to a network namespace, assuming it does.", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4810 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to check %s fs type: %m", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4812 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
4813 "Path %s doesn't refer to a network namespace, refusing.", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4816 *pid
= raw_clone(SIGCHLD
|CLONE_NEWNS
);
4818 return log_error_errno(errno
, "clone() failed%s: %m",
4820 ", do you have namespace support enabled in your kernel? (You need UTS, IPC, PID and NET namespacing built in)" : "");
4823 /* The outer child only has a file system namespace. */
4824 barrier_set_role(&barrier
, BARRIER_CHILD
);
4826 fd_inner_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(fd_inner_socket_pair
[0]);
4827 fd_outer_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(fd_outer_socket_pair
[0]);
4829 (void) reset_all_signal_handlers();
4830 (void) reset_signal_mask();
4832 r
= outer_child(&barrier
,
4836 fd_outer_socket_pair
[1],
4837 fd_inner_socket_pair
[1],
4841 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
4843 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS
);
4846 barrier_set_role(&barrier
, BARRIER_PARENT
);
4850 fd_inner_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(fd_inner_socket_pair
[1]);
4851 fd_outer_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(fd_outer_socket_pair
[1]);
4853 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
4854 mntns_fd
= receive_one_fd(fd_outer_socket_pair
[0], 0);
4856 return log_error_errno(mntns_fd
, "Failed to receive mount namespace fd from outer child: %m");
4858 /* The child just let us know the UID shift it might have read from the image. */
4859 l
= recv(fd_outer_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof arg_uid_shift
, 0);
4861 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read UID shift: %m");
4862 if (l
!= sizeof arg_uid_shift
)
4863 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading UID shift.");
4865 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
4866 /* If we are supposed to pick the UID shift, let's try to use the shift read from the
4867 * image, but if that's already in use, pick a new one, and report back to the child,
4868 * which one we now picked. */
4870 r
= uid_shift_pick(&arg_uid_shift
, &uid_shift_lock
);
4872 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to pick suitable UID/GID range: %m");
4874 l
= send(fd_outer_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof arg_uid_shift
, MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
4876 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send UID shift: %m");
4877 if (l
!= sizeof arg_uid_shift
)
4878 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short write while writing UID shift.");
4881 n_bind_user_uid
= strv_length(arg_bind_user
);
4882 if (n_bind_user_uid
> 0) {
4883 /* Right after the UID shift, we'll receive the list of UID mappings for the
4884 * --bind-user= logic. Always a quadruplet of payload and host UID + GID. */
4886 bind_user_uid
= new(uid_t
, n_bind_user_uid
*4);
4890 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< n_bind_user_uid
; i
++) {
4891 l
= recv(fd_outer_socket_pair
[0], bind_user_uid
+ i
*4, sizeof(uid_t
)*4, 0);
4893 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read user UID map pair: %m");
4894 if (l
!= sizeof(uid_t
)*4)
4895 return log_full_errno(l
== 0 ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
,
4896 SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
4897 "Short read while reading bind user UID pairs.");
4902 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
) {
4903 /* The child let us know the support cgroup mode it might have read from the image. */
4904 l
= recv(fd_outer_socket_pair
[0], &arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
), 0);
4906 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read cgroup mode: %m");
4907 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
))
4908 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading cgroup mode (%zi bytes).%s",
4909 l
, l
== 0 ? " The child is most likely dead." : "");
4912 /* Wait for the outer child. */
4913 r
= wait_for_terminate_and_check("(sd-namespace)", *pid
, WAIT_LOG_ABNORMAL
);
4916 if (r
!= EXIT_SUCCESS
)
4919 /* And now retrieve the PID of the inner child. */
4920 l
= recv(fd_outer_socket_pair
[0], pid
, sizeof *pid
, 0);
4922 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read inner child PID: %m");
4923 if (l
!= sizeof *pid
)
4924 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading inner child PID.");
4926 /* We also retrieve container UUID in case it was generated by outer child */
4927 l
= recv(fd_outer_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uuid
, sizeof arg_uuid
, 0);
4929 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read container machine ID: %m");
4930 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uuid
))
4931 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading container machined ID.");
4933 /* We also retrieve the socket used for notifications generated by outer child */
4934 notify_socket
= receive_one_fd(fd_outer_socket_pair
[0], 0);
4935 if (notify_socket
< 0)
4936 return log_error_errno(notify_socket
,
4937 "Failed to receive notification socket from the outer child: %m");
4939 log_debug("Init process invoked as PID "PID_FMT
, *pid
);
4941 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
4942 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) /* #1 */
4943 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Child died too early.");
4945 r
= setup_uid_map(*pid
, bind_user_uid
, n_bind_user_uid
);
4949 (void) barrier_place(&barrier
); /* #2 */
4952 if (arg_private_network
) {
4953 if (!arg_network_namespace_path
) {
4954 /* Wait until the child has unshared its network namespace. */
4955 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) /* #3 */
4956 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Child died too early");
4959 if (child_netns_fd
< 0) {
4960 /* Make sure we have an open file descriptor to the child's network
4961 * namespace so it stays alive even if the child exits. */
4962 r
= namespace_open(*pid
, NULL
, NULL
, &child_netns_fd
, NULL
, NULL
);
4964 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open child network namespace: %m");
4967 r
= move_network_interfaces(child_netns_fd
, arg_network_interfaces
);
4971 if (arg_network_veth
) {
4972 r
= setup_veth(arg_machine
, *pid
, veth_name
,
4973 arg_network_bridge
|| arg_network_zone
);
4979 if (arg_network_bridge
) {
4980 /* Add the interface to a bridge */
4981 r
= setup_bridge(veth_name
, arg_network_bridge
, false);
4986 } else if (arg_network_zone
) {
4987 /* Add the interface to a bridge, possibly creating it */
4988 r
= setup_bridge(veth_name
, arg_network_zone
, true);
4996 r
= setup_veth_extra(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
5000 /* We created the primary and extra veth links now; let's remember this, so that we know to
5001 remove them later on. Note that we don't bother with removing veth links that were created
5002 here when their setup failed half-way, because in that case the kernel should be able to
5003 remove them on its own, since they cannot be referenced by anything yet. */
5004 *veth_created
= true;
5006 r
= setup_macvlan(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_macvlan
);
5010 r
= setup_ipvlan(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_ipvlan
);
5015 if (arg_register
|| !arg_keep_unit
) {
5016 r
= sd_bus_default_system(&bus
);
5018 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open system bus: %m");
5020 r
= sd_bus_set_close_on_exit(bus
, false);
5022 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to disable close-on-exit behaviour: %m");
5025 if (!arg_keep_unit
) {
5026 /* When a new scope is created for this container, then we'll be registered as its controller, in which
5027 * case PID 1 will send us a friendly RequestStop signal, when it is asked to terminate the
5028 * scope. Let's hook into that, and cleanly shut down the container, and print a friendly message. */
5030 r
= sd_bus_match_signal_async(
5033 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
5035 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Scope",
5037 on_request_stop
, NULL
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
5039 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to request RequestStop match: %m");
5043 r
= register_machine(
5051 arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
,
5054 arg_property_message
,
5056 arg_container_service_name
);
5060 } else if (!arg_keep_unit
) {
5066 arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
,
5069 arg_property_message
);
5073 } else if (arg_slice
|| arg_property
)
5074 log_notice("Machine and scope registration turned off, --slice= and --property= settings will have no effect.");
5076 r
= create_subcgroup(*pid
, arg_keep_unit
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
);
5080 r
= sync_cgroup(*pid
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, arg_uid_shift
);
5084 r
= chown_cgroup(*pid
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, arg_uid_shift
);
5088 /* Notify the child that the parent is ready with all
5089 * its setup (including cgroup-ification), and that
5090 * the child can now hand over control to the code to
5091 * run inside the container. */
5092 (void) barrier_place(&barrier
); /* #4 */
5094 /* Block SIGCHLD here, before notifying child.
5095 * process_pty() will handle it with the other signals. */
5096 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK
, &mask_chld
, NULL
) >= 0);
5098 /* Reset signal to default */
5099 r
= default_signals(SIGCHLD
);
5101 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to reset SIGCHLD: %m");
5103 r
= sd_event_new(&event
);
5105 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to get default event source: %m");
5107 (void) sd_event_set_watchdog(event
, true);
5110 r
= sd_bus_attach_event(bus
, event
, 0);
5112 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to attach bus to event loop: %m");
5115 r
= setup_notify_parent(event
, notify_socket
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
), ¬ify_event_source
);
5119 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
5120 r
= wipe_fully_visible_fs(mntns_fd
);
5123 mntns_fd
= safe_close(mntns_fd
);
5126 /* Let the child know that we are ready and wait that the child is completely ready now. */
5127 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) /* #5 */
5128 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Child died too early.");
5130 /* At this point we have made use of the UID we picked, and thus nss-systemd/systemd-machined.service
5131 * will make them appear in getpwuid(), thus we can release the /etc/passwd lock. */
5132 etc_passwd_lock
= safe_close(etc_passwd_lock
);
5134 (void) sd_notifyf(false,
5135 "STATUS=Container running.\n"
5136 "X_NSPAWN_LEADER_PID=" PID_FMT
, *pid
);
5137 if (!arg_notify_ready
) {
5138 r
= sd_notify(false, "READY=1\n");
5140 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to send readiness notification, ignoring: %m");
5143 if (arg_kill_signal
> 0) {
5144 /* Try to kill the init system on SIGINT or SIGTERM */
5145 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGINT
, on_orderly_shutdown
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
5146 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGTERM
, on_orderly_shutdown
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
5148 /* Immediately exit */
5149 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGINT
, NULL
, NULL
);
5150 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGTERM
, NULL
, NULL
);
5153 /* Exit when the child exits */
5154 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGCHLD
, on_sigchld
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
5156 /* Retrieve the kmsg fifo allocated by inner child */
5157 fd_kmsg_fifo
= receive_one_fd(fd_inner_socket_pair
[0], 0);
5158 if (fd_kmsg_fifo
< 0)
5159 return log_error_errno(fd_kmsg_fifo
, "Failed to receive kmsg fifo from inner child: %m");
5161 if (arg_expose_ports
) {
5162 r
= expose_port_watch_rtnl(event
, fd_inner_socket_pair
[0], on_address_change
, expose_args
, &rtnl
);
5166 (void) expose_port_execute(rtnl
, &expose_args
->fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET
, &expose_args
->address4
);
5167 (void) expose_port_execute(rtnl
, &expose_args
->fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET6
, &expose_args
->address6
);
5170 if (arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
) {
5171 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
;
5172 PTYForwardFlags flags
= 0;
5174 /* Retrieve the master pty allocated by inner child */
5175 fd
= receive_one_fd(fd_inner_socket_pair
[0], 0);
5177 return log_error_errno(fd
, "Failed to receive master pty from the inner child: %m");
5179 switch (arg_console_mode
) {
5181 case CONSOLE_READ_ONLY
:
5182 flags
|= PTY_FORWARD_READ_ONLY
;
5186 case CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
:
5187 flags
|= PTY_FORWARD_IGNORE_VHANGUP
;
5189 r
= pty_forward_new(event
, fd
, flags
, &forward
);
5191 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create PTY forwarder: %m");
5193 if (arg_console_width
!= UINT_MAX
|| arg_console_height
!= UINT_MAX
)
5194 (void) pty_forward_set_width_height(forward
,
5196 arg_console_height
);
5200 assert(arg_console_mode
== CONSOLE_PASSIVE
);
5203 *master
= TAKE_FD(fd
);
5206 fd_inner_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(fd_inner_socket_pair
[0]);
5208 r
= sd_event_loop(event
);
5210 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to run event loop: %m");
5215 (void) pty_forward_get_last_char(forward
, &last_char
);
5216 forward
= pty_forward_free(forward
);
5218 if (!arg_quiet
&& last_char
!= '\n')
5222 /* Kill if it is not dead yet anyway */
5223 if (!arg_register
&& !arg_keep_unit
&& bus
)
5224 terminate_scope(bus
, arg_machine
);
5226 /* Normally redundant, but better safe than sorry */
5227 (void) kill(*pid
, SIGKILL
);
5229 fd_kmsg_fifo
= safe_close(fd_kmsg_fifo
);
5231 if (arg_private_network
) {
5232 /* Move network interfaces back to the parent network namespace. We use `safe_fork`
5233 * to avoid having to move the parent to the child network namespace. */
5234 r
= safe_fork(NULL
, FORK_RESET_SIGNALS
|FORK_DEATHSIG
|FORK_WAIT
|FORK_LOG
, NULL
);
5239 _cleanup_close_
int parent_netns_fd
= -EBADF
;
5241 r
= namespace_open(getpid(), NULL
, NULL
, &parent_netns_fd
, NULL
, NULL
);
5243 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open parent network namespace: %m");
5244 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
5247 r
= namespace_enter(-1, -1, child_netns_fd
, -1, -1);
5249 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to enter child network namespace: %m");
5250 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
5253 r
= move_network_interfaces(parent_netns_fd
, arg_network_interfaces
);
5255 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to move network interfaces back to parent network namespace: %m");
5257 _exit(r
< 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE
: EXIT_SUCCESS
);
5261 r
= wait_for_container(TAKE_PID(*pid
), &container_status
);
5263 /* Tell machined that we are gone. */
5265 (void) unregister_machine(bus
, arg_machine
);
5268 /* We failed to wait for the container, or the container exited abnormally. */
5270 if (r
> 0 || container_status
== CONTAINER_TERMINATED
) {
5271 /* r > 0 → The container exited with a non-zero status.
5272 * As a special case, we need to replace 133 with a different value,
5273 * because 133 is special-cased in the service file to reboot the container.
5274 * otherwise → The container exited with zero status and a reboot was not requested.
5276 if (r
== EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
)
5277 r
= EXIT_FAILURE
; /* replace 133 with the general failure code */
5279 return 0; /* finito */
5282 /* CONTAINER_REBOOTED, loop again */
5284 if (arg_keep_unit
) {
5285 /* Special handling if we are running as a service: instead of simply
5286 * restarting the machine we want to restart the entire service, so let's
5287 * inform systemd about this with the special exit code 133. The service
5288 * file uses RestartForceExitStatus=133 so that this results in a full
5289 * nspawn restart. This is necessary since we might have cgroup parameters
5290 * set we want to have flushed out. */
5291 *ret
= EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
;
5292 return 0; /* finito */
5295 expose_port_flush(&expose_args
->fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET
, &expose_args
->address4
);
5296 expose_port_flush(&expose_args
->fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET6
, &expose_args
->address6
);
5298 (void) remove_veth_links(veth_name
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
5299 *veth_created
= false;
5300 return 1; /* loop again */
5303 static int initialize_rlimits(void) {
5304 /* The default resource limits the kernel passes to PID 1, as per kernel 5.16. Let's pass our container payload
5305 * the same values as the kernel originally passed to PID 1, in order to minimize differences between host and
5306 * container execution environments. */
5308 static const struct rlimit kernel_defaults
[_RLIMIT_MAX
] = {
5309 [RLIMIT_AS
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5310 [RLIMIT_CORE
] = { 0, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5311 [RLIMIT_CPU
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5312 [RLIMIT_DATA
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5313 [RLIMIT_FSIZE
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5314 [RLIMIT_LOCKS
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5315 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
] = { DEFAULT_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
, DEFAULT_RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
},
5316 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE
] = { 819200, 819200 },
5317 [RLIMIT_NICE
] = { 0, 0 },
5318 [RLIMIT_NOFILE
] = { 1024, 4096 },
5319 [RLIMIT_RSS
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5320 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO
] = { 0, 0 },
5321 [RLIMIT_RTTIME
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5322 [RLIMIT_STACK
] = { 8388608, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5324 /* The kernel scales the default for RLIMIT_NPROC and RLIMIT_SIGPENDING based on the system's amount of
5325 * RAM. To provide best compatibility we'll read these limits off PID 1 instead of hardcoding them
5326 * here. This is safe as we know that PID 1 doesn't change these two limits and thus the original
5327 * kernel's initialization should still be valid during runtime — at least if PID 1 is systemd. Note
5328 * that PID 1 changes a number of other resource limits during early initialization which is why we
5329 * don't read the other limits from PID 1 but prefer the static table above. */
5334 for (rl
= 0; rl
< _RLIMIT_MAX
; rl
++) {
5335 /* Let's only fill in what the user hasn't explicitly configured anyway */
5336 if ((arg_settings_mask
& (SETTING_RLIMIT_FIRST
<< rl
)) == 0) {
5337 const struct rlimit
*v
;
5338 struct rlimit buffer
;
5340 if (IN_SET(rl
, RLIMIT_NPROC
, RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
)) {
5341 /* For these two let's read the limits off PID 1. See above for an explanation. */
5343 if (prlimit(1, rl
, NULL
, &buffer
) < 0)
5344 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read resource limit RLIMIT_%s of PID 1: %m", rlimit_to_string(rl
));
5347 } else if (rl
== RLIMIT_NOFILE
) {
5348 /* We nowadays bump RLIMIT_NOFILE's hard limit early in PID 1 for all
5349 * userspace. Given that nspawn containers are often run without our PID 1,
5350 * let's grant the containers a raised RLIMIT_NOFILE hard limit by default,
5351 * so that container userspace gets similar resources as host userspace
5353 buffer
= kernel_defaults
[rl
];
5354 buffer
.rlim_max
= MIN((rlim_t
) read_nr_open(), (rlim_t
) HIGH_RLIMIT_NOFILE
);
5357 v
= kernel_defaults
+ rl
;
5359 arg_rlimit
[rl
] = newdup(struct rlimit
, v
, 1);
5360 if (!arg_rlimit
[rl
])
5364 if (DEBUG_LOGGING
) {
5365 _cleanup_free_
char *k
= NULL
;
5367 (void) rlimit_format(arg_rlimit
[rl
], &k
);
5368 log_debug("Setting RLIMIT_%s to %s.", rlimit_to_string(rl
), k
);
5375 static int cant_be_in_netns(void) {
5376 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -EBADF
;
5380 /* Check if we are in the same netns as udev. If we aren't, then device monitoring (and thus waiting
5381 * for loopback block devices) won't work, and we will hang. Detect this case and exit early with a
5384 if (!arg_image
) /* only matters if --image= us used, i.e. we actually need to use loopback devices */
5387 fd
= socket(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_NONBLOCK
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0);
5389 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to allocate udev control socket: %m");
5391 r
= connect_unix_path(fd
, AT_FDCWD
, "/run/udev/control");
5393 if (r
== -ENOENT
|| ERRNO_IS_DISCONNECT(r
))
5394 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
),
5395 "Sorry, but --image= requires access to the host's /run/ hierarchy, since we need access to udev.");
5397 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to connect socket to udev control socket: %m");
5400 r
= getpeercred(fd
, &ucred
);
5402 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine peer of udev control socket: %m");
5404 r
= in_same_namespace(ucred
.pid
, 0, NAMESPACE_NET
);
5406 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine network namespace of udev: %m");
5408 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
),
5409 "Sorry, but --image= is only supported in the main network namespace, since we need access to udev/AF_NETLINK.");
5413 static int run(int argc
, char *argv
[]) {
5414 bool secondary
= false, remove_directory
= false, remove_image
= false,
5415 veth_created
= false, remove_tmprootdir
= false;
5416 _cleanup_close_
int master
= -1;
5417 _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet
*fds
= NULL
;
5418 int r
, n_fd_passed
, ret
= EXIT_SUCCESS
;
5419 char veth_name
[IFNAMSIZ
] = "";
5420 struct ExposeArgs expose_args
= {};
5421 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile tree_global_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
, tree_local_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
5422 char tmprootdir
[] = "/tmp/nspawn-root-XXXXXX";
5423 _cleanup_(loop_device_unrefp
) LoopDevice
*loop
= NULL
;
5424 _cleanup_(dissected_image_unrefp
) DissectedImage
*dissected_image
= NULL
;
5425 _cleanup_(fw_ctx_freep
) FirewallContext
*fw_ctx
= NULL
;
5428 log_parse_environment();
5431 r
= parse_argv(argc
, argv
);
5435 if (geteuid() != 0) {
5436 r
= log_warning_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM
),
5437 argc
>= 2 ? "Need to be root." :
5438 "Need to be root (and some arguments are usually required).\nHint: try --help");
5442 r
= cant_be_in_netns();
5446 r
= initialize_rlimits();
5450 r
= load_oci_bundle();
5454 r
= determine_names();
5458 r
= load_settings();
5464 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether the unified cgroups hierarchy is used: %m");
5468 r
= verify_arguments();
5472 /* Reapply environment settings. */
5473 (void) detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment();
5475 /* Ignore SIGPIPE here, because we use splice() on the ptyfwd stuff and that will generate SIGPIPE if
5476 * the result is closed. Note that the container payload child will reset signal mask+handler anyway,
5477 * so just turning this off here means we only turn it off in nspawn itself, not any children. */
5478 (void) ignore_signals(SIGPIPE
);
5480 n_fd_passed
= sd_listen_fds(false);
5481 if (n_fd_passed
> 0) {
5482 r
= fdset_new_listen_fds(&fds
, false);
5484 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to collect file descriptors: %m");
5489 /* The "default" umask. This is appropriate for most file and directory
5490 * operations performed by nspawn, and is the umask that will be used for
5491 * the child. Functions like copy_devnodes() change the umask temporarily. */
5494 if (arg_directory
) {
5497 /* Safety precaution: let's not allow running images from the live host OS image, as long as
5498 * /var from the host will propagate into container dynamically (because bad things happen if
5499 * two systems write to the same /var). Let's allow it for the special cases where /var is
5500 * either copied (i.e. --ephemeral) or replaced (i.e. --volatile=yes|state). */
5501 if (path_equal(arg_directory
, "/") && !(arg_ephemeral
|| IN_SET(arg_volatile_mode
, VOLATILE_YES
, VOLATILE_STATE
))) {
5502 log_error("Spawning container on root directory is not supported. Consider using --ephemeral, --volatile=yes or --volatile=state.");
5507 if (arg_ephemeral
) {
5508 _cleanup_free_
char *np
= NULL
;
5510 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_directory
, 0);
5514 /* If the specified path is a mount point we generate the new snapshot immediately
5515 * inside it under a random name. However if the specified is not a mount point we
5516 * create the new snapshot in the parent directory, just next to it. */
5517 r
= path_is_mount_point(arg_directory
, NULL
, 0);
5519 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether directory %s is mount point: %m", arg_directory
);
5523 r
= tempfn_random_child(arg_directory
, "machine.", &np
);
5525 r
= tempfn_random(arg_directory
, "machine.", &np
);
5527 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate name for directory snapshot: %m");
5531 /* We take an exclusive lock on this image, since it's our private, ephemeral copy
5532 * only owned by us and no one else. */
5533 r
= image_path_lock(np
, LOCK_EX
|LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
5535 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to lock %s: %m", np
);
5540 BLOCK_SIGNALS(SIGINT
);
5541 r
= btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_directory
, np
,
5542 (arg_read_only
? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY
: 0) |
5543 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY
|
5544 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY
|
5545 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE
|
5546 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA
|
5547 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_SIGINT
);
5550 log_error_errno(r
, "Interrupted while copying file system tree to %s, removed again.", np
);
5554 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create snapshot %s from %s: %m", np
, arg_directory
);
5558 free_and_replace(arg_directory
, np
);
5559 remove_directory
= true;
5561 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_directory
, arg_template
? CHASE_NONEXISTENT
: 0);
5565 r
= image_path_lock(arg_directory
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
5567 log_error_errno(r
, "Directory tree %s is currently busy.", arg_directory
);
5571 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to lock %s: %m", arg_directory
);
5576 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_template
, 0);
5581 BLOCK_SIGNALS(SIGINT
);
5582 r
= btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_template
, arg_directory
,
5583 (arg_read_only
? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY
: 0) |
5584 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY
|
5585 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY
|
5586 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_IMMUTABLE
|
5587 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE
|
5588 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA
|
5589 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_SIGINT
);
5592 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
,
5593 "Directory %s already exists, not populating from template %s.", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
5594 else if (r
== -EINTR
) {
5595 log_error_errno(r
, "Interrupted while copying file system tree to %s, removed again.", arg_directory
);
5598 log_error_errno(r
, "Couldn't create snapshot %s from %s: %m", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
5601 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
,
5602 "Populated %s from template %s.", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
5606 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
) {
5607 _cleanup_free_
char *b
= NULL
;
5610 if (arg_pivot_root_new
) {
5611 b
= path_join(arg_directory
, arg_pivot_root_new
);
5619 if (path_is_os_tree(p
) <= 0) {
5620 r
= log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
5621 "Directory %s doesn't look like an OS root directory (os-release file is missing). Refusing.", p
);
5625 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
5627 if (arg_pivot_root_new
)
5628 p
= path_join(arg_directory
, arg_pivot_root_new
, "/usr/");
5630 p
= path_join(arg_directory
, "/usr/");
5634 if (laccess(p
, F_OK
) < 0) {
5635 r
= log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
5636 "Directory %s doesn't look like it has an OS tree (/usr/ directory is missing). Refusing.", arg_directory
);
5642 DissectImageFlags dissect_image_flags
=
5643 DISSECT_IMAGE_GENERIC_ROOT
|
5644 DISSECT_IMAGE_REQUIRE_ROOT
|
5645 DISSECT_IMAGE_RELAX_VAR_CHECK
|
5646 DISSECT_IMAGE_USR_NO_ROOT
|
5647 DISSECT_IMAGE_ADD_PARTITION_DEVICES
|
5648 DISSECT_IMAGE_PIN_PARTITION_DEVICES
;
5650 assert(!arg_template
);
5652 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_image
, 0);
5656 if (arg_ephemeral
) {
5657 _cleanup_free_
char *np
= NULL
;
5659 r
= tempfn_random(arg_image
, "machine.", &np
);
5661 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate name for image snapshot: %m");
5665 /* Always take an exclusive lock on our own ephemeral copy. */
5666 r
= image_path_lock(np
, LOCK_EX
|LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
5668 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create image lock: %m");
5673 BLOCK_SIGNALS(SIGINT
);
5674 r
= copy_file(arg_image
, np
, O_EXCL
, arg_read_only
? 0400 : 0600, FS_NOCOW_FL
, FS_NOCOW_FL
, COPY_REFLINK
|COPY_CRTIME
|COPY_SIGINT
);
5677 log_error_errno(r
, "Interrupted while copying image file to %s, removed again.", np
);
5681 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to copy image file: %m");
5685 free_and_replace(arg_image
, np
);
5686 remove_image
= true;
5688 r
= image_path_lock(arg_image
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
5690 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Disk image %s is currently busy.", arg_image
);
5694 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create image lock: %m");
5698 r
= verity_settings_load(
5699 &arg_verity_settings
,
5700 arg_image
, NULL
, NULL
);
5702 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read verity artefacts for %s: %m", arg_image
);
5706 if (arg_verity_settings
.data_path
)
5707 dissect_image_flags
|= DISSECT_IMAGE_NO_PARTITION_TABLE
;
5710 if (!mkdtemp(tmprootdir
)) {
5711 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
5715 remove_tmprootdir
= true;
5717 arg_directory
= strdup(tmprootdir
);
5718 if (!arg_directory
) {
5723 r
= loop_device_make_by_path(
5725 arg_read_only
? O_RDONLY
: O_RDWR
,
5726 FLAGS_SET(dissect_image_flags
, DISSECT_IMAGE_NO_PARTITION_TABLE
) ? 0 : LO_FLAGS_PARTSCAN
,
5730 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set up loopback block device: %m");
5734 r
= dissect_loop_device_and_warn(
5736 &arg_verity_settings
,
5738 dissect_image_flags
,
5741 /* dissected_image_and_warn() already printed a brief error message. Extend on that with more details */
5742 log_notice("Note that the disk image needs to\n"
5743 " a) either contain only a single MBR partition of type 0x83 that is marked bootable\n"
5744 " b) or contain a single GPT partition of type 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4\n"
5745 " c) or follow https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification\n"
5746 " d) or contain a file system without a partition table\n"
5747 "in order to be bootable with systemd-nspawn.");
5753 r
= dissected_image_load_verity_sig_partition(
5756 &arg_verity_settings
);
5760 if (dissected_image
->has_verity
&& !arg_verity_settings
.root_hash
&& !dissected_image
->has_verity_sig
)
5761 log_notice("Note: image %s contains verity information, but no root hash specified and no embedded "
5762 "root hash signature found! Proceeding without integrity checking.", arg_image
);
5764 r
= dissected_image_decrypt_interactively(
5767 &arg_verity_settings
,
5772 /* Now that we mounted the image, let's try to remove it again, if it is ephemeral */
5773 if (remove_image
&& unlink(arg_image
) >= 0)
5774 remove_image
= false;
5777 r
= custom_mount_prepare_all(arg_directory
, arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
5781 if (arg_console_mode
< 0)
5783 isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) > 0 &&
5784 isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
) > 0 ? CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
: CONSOLE_READ_ONLY
;
5786 if (arg_console_mode
== CONSOLE_PIPE
) /* if we pass STDERR on to the container, don't add our own logs into it too */
5790 log_info("Spawning container %s on %s.\nPress Ctrl-] three times within 1s to kill container.",
5791 arg_machine
, arg_image
?: arg_directory
);
5793 assert_se(sigprocmask_many(SIG_BLOCK
, NULL
, SIGCHLD
, SIGWINCH
, SIGTERM
, SIGINT
, -1) >= 0);
5795 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0) {
5796 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to become subreaper: %m");
5800 if (arg_expose_ports
) {
5801 r
= fw_ctx_new(&fw_ctx
);
5803 log_error_errno(r
, "Cannot expose configured ports, firewall initialization failed: %m");
5806 expose_args
.fw_ctx
= fw_ctx
;
5809 r
= run_container(dissected_image
,
5812 veth_name
, &veth_created
,
5813 &expose_args
, &master
,
5820 (void) sd_notify(false,
5821 r
== 0 && ret
== EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
? "STOPPING=1\nSTATUS=Restarting..." :
5822 "STOPPING=1\nSTATUS=Terminating...");
5825 (void) kill(pid
, SIGKILL
);
5827 /* Try to flush whatever is still queued in the pty */
5829 (void) copy_bytes(master
, STDOUT_FILENO
, UINT64_MAX
, 0);
5830 master
= safe_close(master
);
5834 (void) wait_for_terminate(pid
, NULL
);
5838 if (remove_directory
&& arg_directory
) {
5841 k
= rm_rf(arg_directory
, REMOVE_ROOT
|REMOVE_PHYSICAL
|REMOVE_SUBVOLUME
);
5843 log_warning_errno(k
, "Cannot remove '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_directory
);
5846 if (remove_image
&& arg_image
) {
5847 if (unlink(arg_image
) < 0)
5848 log_warning_errno(errno
, "Can't remove image file '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_image
);
5851 if (remove_tmprootdir
) {
5852 if (rmdir(tmprootdir
) < 0)
5853 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Can't remove temporary root directory '%s', ignoring: %m", tmprootdir
);
5859 p
= strjoina("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate/", arg_machine
);
5860 (void) rm_rf(p
, REMOVE_ROOT
);
5863 expose_port_flush(&fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET
, &expose_args
.address4
);
5864 expose_port_flush(&fw_ctx
, arg_expose_ports
, AF_INET6
, &expose_args
.address6
);
5867 (void) remove_veth_links(veth_name
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
5868 (void) remove_bridge(arg_network_zone
);
5870 custom_mount_free_all(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
5871 expose_port_free_all(arg_expose_ports
);
5872 rlimit_free_all(arg_rlimit
);
5873 device_node_array_free(arg_extra_nodes
, arg_n_extra_nodes
);
5874 credential_free_all(arg_credentials
, arg_n_credentials
);
5882 DEFINE_MAIN_FUNCTION_WITH_POSITIVE_FAILURE(run
);