1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
8 #include <linux/loop.h>
10 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
14 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
15 #include <sys/personality.h>
16 #include <sys/prctl.h>
17 #include <sys/types.h>
23 #include "sd-daemon.h"
26 #include "alloc-util.h"
28 #include "base-filesystem.h"
29 #include "blkid-util.h"
30 #include "btrfs-util.h"
31 #include "bus-error.h"
34 #include "capability-util.h"
35 #include "cgroup-util.h"
37 #include "cpu-set-util.h"
38 #include "dev-setup.h"
39 #include "dissect-image.h"
45 #include "format-util.h"
48 #include "hexdecoct.h"
49 #include "hostname-util.h"
50 #include "id128-util.h"
53 #include "loop-util.h"
54 #include "loopback-setup.h"
55 #include "machine-image.h"
57 #include "main-func.h"
58 #include "missing_sched.h"
60 #include "mount-util.h"
61 #include "mountpoint-util.h"
62 #include "namespace-util.h"
63 #include "netlink-util.h"
64 #include "nspawn-cgroup.h"
65 #include "nspawn-creds.h"
66 #include "nspawn-def.h"
67 #include "nspawn-expose-ports.h"
68 #include "nspawn-mount.h"
69 #include "nspawn-network.h"
70 #include "nspawn-oci.h"
71 #include "nspawn-patch-uid.h"
72 #include "nspawn-register.h"
73 #include "nspawn-seccomp.h"
74 #include "nspawn-settings.h"
75 #include "nspawn-setuid.h"
76 #include "nspawn-stub-pid1.h"
77 #include "nulstr-util.h"
80 #include "parse-util.h"
81 #include "path-util.h"
82 #include "pretty-print.h"
83 #include "process-util.h"
85 #include "random-util.h"
86 #include "raw-clone.h"
87 #include "resolve-util.h"
88 #include "rlimit-util.h"
91 #include "seccomp-util.h"
93 #include "selinux-util.h"
94 #include "signal-util.h"
95 #include "socket-util.h"
96 #include "stat-util.h"
97 #include "stdio-util.h"
98 #include "string-table.h"
99 #include "string-util.h"
101 #include "sysctl-util.h"
102 #include "terminal-util.h"
103 #include "tmpfile-util.h"
104 #include "umask-util.h"
105 #include "unit-name.h"
106 #include "user-util.h"
109 /* The notify socket inside the container it can use to talk to nspawn using the sd_notify(3) protocol */
110 #define NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH "/run/host/notify"
112 #define EXIT_FORCE_RESTART 133
114 typedef enum ContainerStatus
{
115 CONTAINER_TERMINATED
,
119 static char *arg_directory
= NULL
;
120 static char *arg_template
= NULL
;
121 static char *arg_chdir
= NULL
;
122 static char *arg_pivot_root_new
= NULL
;
123 static char *arg_pivot_root_old
= NULL
;
124 static char *arg_user
= NULL
;
125 static uid_t arg_uid
= UID_INVALID
;
126 static gid_t arg_gid
= GID_INVALID
;
127 static gid_t
* arg_supplementary_gids
= NULL
;
128 static size_t arg_n_supplementary_gids
= 0;
129 static sd_id128_t arg_uuid
= {};
130 static char *arg_machine
= NULL
; /* The name used by the host to refer to this */
131 static char *arg_hostname
= NULL
; /* The name the payload sees by default */
132 static const char *arg_selinux_context
= NULL
;
133 static const char *arg_selinux_apifs_context
= NULL
;
134 static char *arg_slice
= NULL
;
135 static bool arg_private_network
= false;
136 static bool arg_read_only
= false;
137 static StartMode arg_start_mode
= START_PID1
;
138 static bool arg_ephemeral
= false;
139 static LinkJournal arg_link_journal
= LINK_AUTO
;
140 static bool arg_link_journal_try
= false;
141 static uint64_t arg_caps_retain
=
142 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL
) |
143 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_WRITE
) |
144 (1ULL << CAP_CHOWN
) |
145 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
) |
146 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
) |
147 (1ULL << CAP_FOWNER
) |
148 (1ULL << CAP_FSETID
) |
149 (1ULL << CAP_IPC_OWNER
) |
151 (1ULL << CAP_LEASE
) |
152 (1ULL << CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE
) |
153 (1ULL << CAP_MKNOD
) |
154 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
) |
155 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BROADCAST
) |
156 (1ULL << CAP_NET_RAW
) |
157 (1ULL << CAP_SETFCAP
) |
158 (1ULL << CAP_SETGID
) |
159 (1ULL << CAP_SETPCAP
) |
160 (1ULL << CAP_SETUID
) |
161 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN
) |
162 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_BOOT
) |
163 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_CHROOT
) |
164 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_NICE
) |
165 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_PTRACE
) |
166 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
) |
167 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG
);
168 static CapabilityQuintet arg_full_capabilities
= CAPABILITY_QUINTET_NULL
;
169 static CustomMount
*arg_custom_mounts
= NULL
;
170 static size_t arg_n_custom_mounts
= 0;
171 static char **arg_setenv
= NULL
;
172 static bool arg_quiet
= false;
173 static bool arg_register
= true;
174 static bool arg_keep_unit
= false;
175 static char **arg_network_interfaces
= NULL
;
176 static char **arg_network_macvlan
= NULL
;
177 static char **arg_network_ipvlan
= NULL
;
178 static bool arg_network_veth
= false;
179 static char **arg_network_veth_extra
= NULL
;
180 static char *arg_network_bridge
= NULL
;
181 static char *arg_network_zone
= NULL
;
182 static char *arg_network_namespace_path
= NULL
;
183 static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags
= 0;
184 static unsigned long arg_personality
= PERSONALITY_INVALID
;
185 static char *arg_image
= NULL
;
186 static char *arg_oci_bundle
= NULL
;
187 static VolatileMode arg_volatile_mode
= VOLATILE_NO
;
188 static ExposePort
*arg_expose_ports
= NULL
;
189 static char **arg_property
= NULL
;
190 static sd_bus_message
*arg_property_message
= NULL
;
191 static UserNamespaceMode arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
;
192 static uid_t arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
, arg_uid_range
= 0x10000U
;
193 static bool arg_userns_chown
= false;
194 static int arg_kill_signal
= 0;
195 static CGroupUnified arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
;
196 static SettingsMask arg_settings_mask
= 0;
197 static int arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
198 static char **arg_parameters
= NULL
;
199 static const char *arg_container_service_name
= "systemd-nspawn";
200 static bool arg_notify_ready
= false;
201 static bool arg_use_cgns
= true;
202 static unsigned long arg_clone_ns_flags
= CLONE_NEWIPC
|CLONE_NEWPID
|CLONE_NEWUTS
;
203 static MountSettingsMask arg_mount_settings
= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
|MOUNT_APPLY_TMPFS_TMP
;
204 static VeritySettings arg_verity_settings
= VERITY_SETTINGS_DEFAULT
;
205 static char **arg_syscall_allow_list
= NULL
;
206 static char **arg_syscall_deny_list
= NULL
;
208 static scmp_filter_ctx arg_seccomp
= NULL
;
210 static struct rlimit
*arg_rlimit
[_RLIMIT_MAX
] = {};
211 static bool arg_no_new_privileges
= false;
212 static int arg_oom_score_adjust
= 0;
213 static bool arg_oom_score_adjust_set
= false;
214 static CPUSet arg_cpu_set
= {};
215 static ResolvConfMode arg_resolv_conf
= RESOLV_CONF_AUTO
;
216 static TimezoneMode arg_timezone
= TIMEZONE_AUTO
;
217 static unsigned arg_console_width
= (unsigned) -1, arg_console_height
= (unsigned) -1;
218 static DeviceNode
* arg_extra_nodes
= NULL
;
219 static size_t arg_n_extra_nodes
= 0;
220 static char **arg_sysctl
= NULL
;
221 static ConsoleMode arg_console_mode
= _CONSOLE_MODE_INVALID
;
222 static Credential
*arg_credentials
= NULL
;
223 static size_t arg_n_credentials
= 0;
225 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_directory
, freep
);
226 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_template
, freep
);
227 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_chdir
, freep
);
228 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_pivot_root_new
, freep
);
229 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_pivot_root_old
, freep
);
230 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_user
, freep
);
231 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_supplementary_gids
, freep
);
232 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_machine
, freep
);
233 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_hostname
, freep
);
234 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_slice
, freep
);
235 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_setenv
, strv_freep
);
236 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_interfaces
, strv_freep
);
237 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_macvlan
, strv_freep
);
238 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_ipvlan
, strv_freep
);
239 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_veth_extra
, strv_freep
);
240 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_bridge
, freep
);
241 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_zone
, freep
);
242 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_namespace_path
, freep
);
243 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_image
, freep
);
244 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_oci_bundle
, freep
);
245 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_property
, strv_freep
);
246 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_property_message
, sd_bus_message_unrefp
);
247 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_parameters
, strv_freep
);
248 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_verity_settings
, verity_settings_done
);
249 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_syscall_allow_list
, strv_freep
);
250 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_syscall_deny_list
, strv_freep
);
252 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_seccomp
, seccomp_releasep
);
254 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_cpu_set
, cpu_set_reset
);
255 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_sysctl
, strv_freep
);
257 static int handle_arg_console(const char *arg
) {
258 if (streq(arg
, "help")) {
267 if (streq(arg
, "interactive"))
268 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
;
269 else if (streq(arg
, "read-only"))
270 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_READ_ONLY
;
271 else if (streq(arg
, "passive"))
272 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_PASSIVE
;
273 else if (streq(arg
, "pipe")) {
274 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) > 0 && isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
) > 0)
275 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_NOTICE
,
276 "Console mode 'pipe' selected, but standard input/output are connected to an interactive TTY. "
277 "Most likely you want to use 'interactive' console mode for proper interactivity and shell job control. "
278 "Proceeding anyway.");
280 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_PIPE
;
281 } else if (streq(arg
, "autopipe")) {
282 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) > 0 && isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
) > 0)
283 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
;
285 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_PIPE
;
287 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Unknown console mode: %s", optarg
);
289 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CONSOLE_MODE
;
293 static int help(void) {
294 _cleanup_free_
char *link
= NULL
;
297 (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags
);
299 r
= terminal_urlify_man("systemd-nspawn", "1", &link
);
303 printf("%1$s [OPTIONS...] [PATH] [ARGUMENTS...]\n\n"
304 "%5$sSpawn a command or OS in a light-weight container.%6$s\n\n"
305 " -h --help Show this help\n"
306 " --version Print version string\n"
307 " -q --quiet Do not show status information\n"
308 " --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
309 " --settings=BOOLEAN Load additional settings from .nspawn file\n\n"
311 " -D --directory=PATH Root directory for the container\n"
312 " --template=PATH Initialize root directory from template directory,\n"
314 " -x --ephemeral Run container with snapshot of root directory, and\n"
315 " remove it after exit\n"
316 " -i --image=PATH Root file system disk image (or device node) for\n"
318 " --oci-bundle=PATH OCI bundle directory\n"
319 " --read-only Mount the root directory read-only\n"
320 " --volatile[=MODE] Run the system in volatile mode\n"
321 " --root-hash=HASH Specify verity root hash for root disk image\n"
322 " --root-hash-sig=SIG Specify pkcs7 signature of root hash for verity\n"
323 " as a DER encoded PKCS7, either as a path to a file\n"
324 " or as an ASCII base64 encoded string prefixed by\n"
326 " --verity-data=PATH Specify hash device for verity\n"
327 " --pivot-root=PATH[:PATH]\n"
328 " Pivot root to given directory in the container\n\n"
329 "%3$sExecution:%4$s\n"
330 " -a --as-pid2 Maintain a stub init as PID1, invoke binary as PID2\n"
331 " -b --boot Boot up full system (i.e. invoke init)\n"
332 " --chdir=PATH Set working directory in the container\n"
333 " -E --setenv=NAME=VALUE Pass an environment variable to PID 1\n"
334 " -u --user=USER Run the command under specified user or UID\n"
335 " --kill-signal=SIGNAL Select signal to use for shutting down PID 1\n"
336 " --notify-ready=BOOLEAN Receive notifications from the child init process\n\n"
337 "%3$sSystem Identity:%4$s\n"
338 " -M --machine=NAME Set the machine name for the container\n"
339 " --hostname=NAME Override the hostname for the container\n"
340 " --uuid=UUID Set a specific machine UUID for the container\n\n"
341 "%3$sProperties:%4$s\n"
342 " -S --slice=SLICE Place the container in the specified slice\n"
343 " --property=NAME=VALUE Set scope unit property\n"
344 " --register=BOOLEAN Register container as machine\n"
345 " --keep-unit Do not register a scope for the machine, reuse\n"
346 " the service unit nspawn is running in\n\n"
347 "%3$sUser Namespacing:%4$s\n"
348 " -U --private-users=pick Run within user namespace, autoselect UID/GID range\n"
349 " --private-users[=UIDBASE[:NUIDS]]\n"
350 " Similar, but with user configured UID/GID range\n"
351 " --private-users-chown Adjust OS tree ownership to private UID/GID range\n\n"
352 "%3$sNetworking:%4$s\n"
353 " --private-network Disable network in container\n"
354 " --network-interface=INTERFACE\n"
355 " Assign an existing network interface to the\n"
357 " --network-macvlan=INTERFACE\n"
358 " Create a macvlan network interface based on an\n"
359 " existing network interface to the container\n"
360 " --network-ipvlan=INTERFACE\n"
361 " Create a ipvlan network interface based on an\n"
362 " existing network interface to the container\n"
363 " -n --network-veth Add a virtual Ethernet connection between host\n"
365 " --network-veth-extra=HOSTIF[:CONTAINERIF]\n"
366 " Add an additional virtual Ethernet link between\n"
367 " host and container\n"
368 " --network-bridge=INTERFACE\n"
369 " Add a virtual Ethernet connection to the container\n"
370 " and attach it to an existing bridge on the host\n"
371 " --network-zone=NAME Similar, but attach the new interface to an\n"
372 " an automatically managed bridge interface\n"
373 " --network-namespace-path=PATH\n"
374 " Set network namespace to the one represented by\n"
375 " the specified kernel namespace file node\n"
376 " -p --port=[PROTOCOL:]HOSTPORT[:CONTAINERPORT]\n"
377 " Expose a container IP port on the host\n\n"
378 "%3$sSecurity:%4$s\n"
379 " --capability=CAP In addition to the default, retain specified\n"
381 " --drop-capability=CAP Drop the specified capability from the default set\n"
382 " --no-new-privileges Set PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS flag for container payload\n"
383 " --system-call-filter=LIST|~LIST\n"
384 " Permit/prohibit specific system calls\n"
385 " -Z --selinux-context=SECLABEL\n"
386 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
387 " processes in the container\n"
388 " -L --selinux-apifs-context=SECLABEL\n"
389 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
390 " API/tmpfs file systems in the container\n\n"
391 "%3$sResources:%4$s\n"
392 " --rlimit=NAME=LIMIT Set a resource limit for the payload\n"
393 " --oom-score-adjust=VALUE\n"
394 " Adjust the OOM score value for the payload\n"
395 " --cpu-affinity=CPUS Adjust the CPU affinity of the container\n"
396 " --personality=ARCH Pick personality for this container\n\n"
397 "%3$sIntegration:%4$s\n"
398 " --resolv-conf=MODE Select mode of /etc/resolv.conf initialization\n"
399 " --timezone=MODE Select mode of /etc/localtime initialization\n"
400 " --link-journal=MODE Link up guest journal, one of no, auto, guest, \n"
401 " host, try-guest, try-host\n"
402 " -j Equivalent to --link-journal=try-guest\n\n"
404 " --bind=PATH[:PATH[:OPTIONS]]\n"
405 " Bind mount a file or directory from the host into\n"
407 " --bind-ro=PATH[:PATH[:OPTIONS]\n"
408 " Similar, but creates a read-only bind mount\n"
409 " --inaccessible=PATH Over-mount file node with inaccessible node to mask\n"
411 " --tmpfs=PATH:[OPTIONS] Mount an empty tmpfs to the specified directory\n"
412 " --overlay=PATH[:PATH...]:PATH\n"
413 " Create an overlay mount from the host to \n"
415 " --overlay-ro=PATH[:PATH...]:PATH\n"
416 " Similar, but creates a read-only overlay mount\n\n"
417 "%3$sInput/Output:%4$s\n"
418 " --console=MODE Select how stdin/stdout/stderr and /dev/console are\n"
419 " set up for the container.\n"
420 " -P --pipe Equivalent to --console=pipe\n\n"
421 "%3$sCredentials:%4$s\n"
422 " --set-credential=ID:VALUE\n"
423 " Pass a credential with literal value to container.\n"
424 " --load-credential=ID:PATH\n"
425 " Load credential to pass to container from file or\n"
426 " AF_UNIX stream socket.\n"
427 "\nSee the %2$s for details.\n"
428 , program_invocation_short_name
430 , ansi_underline(), ansi_normal()
431 , ansi_highlight(), ansi_normal()
437 static int custom_mount_check_all(void) {
440 for (i
= 0; i
< arg_n_custom_mounts
; i
++) {
441 CustomMount
*m
= &arg_custom_mounts
[i
];
443 if (path_equal(m
->destination
, "/") && arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
444 if (arg_userns_chown
)
445 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
446 "--private-users-chown may not be combined with custom root mounts.");
447 else if (arg_uid_shift
== UID_INVALID
)
448 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
449 "--private-users with automatic UID shift may not be combined with custom root mounts.");
456 static int detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment(void) {
457 const char *e
, *var
= "SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_UNIFIED_HIERARCHY";
460 /* Allow the user to control whether the unified hierarchy is used */
464 /* $UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY has been renamed to $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_UNIFIED_HIERARCHY. */
465 var
= "UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY";
470 r
= parse_boolean(e
);
472 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $%s: %m", var
);
474 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL
;
476 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
482 static int detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_image(const char *directory
) {
485 /* Let's inherit the mode to use from the host system, but let's take into consideration what systemd
486 * in the image actually supports. */
487 r
= cg_all_unified();
489 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether we are in all unified mode.");
491 /* Unified cgroup hierarchy support was added in 230. Unfortunately the detection
492 * routine only detects 231, so we'll have a false negative here for 230. */
493 r
= systemd_installation_has_version(directory
, 230);
495 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine systemd version in container: %m");
497 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL
;
499 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
500 } else if (cg_unified_controller(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER
) > 0) {
501 /* Mixed cgroup hierarchy support was added in 233 */
502 r
= systemd_installation_has_version(directory
, 233);
504 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine systemd version in container: %m");
506 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD
;
508 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
510 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
512 log_debug("Using %s hierarchy for container.",
513 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
? "legacy" :
514 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD
? "hybrid" : "unified");
519 static int parse_capability_spec(const char *spec
, uint64_t *ret_mask
) {
524 _cleanup_free_
char *t
= NULL
;
526 r
= extract_first_word(&spec
, &t
, ",", 0);
528 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse capability %s.", t
);
532 if (streq(t
, "help")) {
533 for (int i
= 0; i
< capability_list_length(); i
++) {
536 name
= capability_to_name(i
);
545 mask
= (uint64_t) -1;
547 r
= capability_from_name(t
);
549 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse capability %s.", t
);
556 return 1; /* continue */
559 static int parse_share_ns_env(const char *name
, unsigned long ns_flag
) {
562 r
= getenv_bool(name
);
566 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $%s: %m", name
);
568 arg_clone_ns_flags
= (arg_clone_ns_flags
& ~ns_flag
) | (r
> 0 ? 0 : ns_flag
);
569 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CLONE_NS_FLAGS
;
573 static int parse_mount_settings_env(void) {
577 r
= getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_TMPFS_TMP");
578 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -ENXIO
)
579 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_TMPFS_TMP: %m");
581 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_TMPFS_TMP
, r
> 0);
583 e
= getenv("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_API_VFS_WRITABLE");
584 if (streq_ptr(e
, "network"))
585 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
|MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
;
588 r
= parse_boolean(e
);
590 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_API_VFS_WRITABLE: %m");
592 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
, r
== 0);
593 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
, false);
599 static int parse_environment(void) {
603 r
= parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_IPC", CLONE_NEWIPC
);
606 r
= parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_PID", CLONE_NEWPID
);
609 r
= parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_UTS", CLONE_NEWUTS
);
612 r
= parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_SYSTEM", CLONE_NEWIPC
|CLONE_NEWPID
|CLONE_NEWUTS
);
616 r
= parse_mount_settings_env();
620 /* SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS=0 can be used to disable CLONE_NEWCGROUP use,
621 * even if it is supported. If not supported, it has no effect. */
622 if (!cg_ns_supported())
623 arg_use_cgns
= false;
625 r
= getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS");
628 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS: %m");
632 arg_use_cgns
= r
> 0;
633 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USE_CGNS
;
637 e
= getenv("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_CONTAINER_SERVICE");
639 arg_container_service_name
= e
;
641 return detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment();
644 static int parse_argv(int argc
, char *argv
[]) {
662 ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
,
667 ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
,
668 ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
,
678 ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
,
683 ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
,
686 ARG_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
,
687 ARG_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
,
699 static const struct option options
[] = {
700 { "help", no_argument
, NULL
, 'h' },
701 { "version", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VERSION
},
702 { "directory", required_argument
, NULL
, 'D' },
703 { "template", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TEMPLATE
},
704 { "ephemeral", no_argument
, NULL
, 'x' },
705 { "user", required_argument
, NULL
, 'u' },
706 { "private-network", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK
},
707 { "as-pid2", no_argument
, NULL
, 'a' },
708 { "boot", no_argument
, NULL
, 'b' },
709 { "uuid", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_UUID
},
710 { "read-only", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_READ_ONLY
},
711 { "capability", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CAPABILITY
},
712 { "drop-capability", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY
},
713 { "no-new-privileges", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
},
714 { "link-journal", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_LINK_JOURNAL
},
715 { "bind", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_BIND
},
716 { "bind-ro", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_BIND_RO
},
717 { "tmpfs", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TMPFS
},
718 { "overlay", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OVERLAY
},
719 { "overlay-ro", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OVERLAY_RO
},
720 { "inaccessible", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_INACCESSIBLE
},
721 { "machine", required_argument
, NULL
, 'M' },
722 { "hostname", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_HOSTNAME
},
723 { "slice", required_argument
, NULL
, 'S' },
724 { "setenv", required_argument
, NULL
, 'E' },
725 { "selinux-context", required_argument
, NULL
, 'Z' },
726 { "selinux-apifs-context", required_argument
, NULL
, 'L' },
727 { "quiet", no_argument
, NULL
, 'q' },
728 { "share-system", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM
}, /* not documented */
729 { "register", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_REGISTER
},
730 { "keep-unit", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_KEEP_UNIT
},
731 { "network-interface", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
},
732 { "network-macvlan", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN
},
733 { "network-ipvlan", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_IPVLAN
},
734 { "network-veth", no_argument
, NULL
, 'n' },
735 { "network-veth-extra", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
},
736 { "network-bridge", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE
},
737 { "network-zone", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_ZONE
},
738 { "network-namespace-path", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
},
739 { "personality", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PERSONALITY
},
740 { "image", required_argument
, NULL
, 'i' },
741 { "volatile", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VOLATILE
},
742 { "port", required_argument
, NULL
, 'p' },
743 { "property", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PROPERTY
},
744 { "private-users", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_USERS
},
745 { "private-users-chown", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
},
746 { "kill-signal", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_KILL_SIGNAL
},
747 { "settings", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SETTINGS
},
748 { "chdir", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CHDIR
},
749 { "pivot-root", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PIVOT_ROOT
},
750 { "notify-ready", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NOTIFY_READY
},
751 { "root-hash", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_ROOT_HASH
},
752 { "root-hash-sig", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_ROOT_HASH_SIG
},
753 { "verity-data", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VERITY_DATA
},
754 { "system-call-filter", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
},
755 { "rlimit", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_RLIMIT
},
756 { "oom-score-adjust", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
},
757 { "cpu-affinity", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CPU_AFFINITY
},
758 { "resolv-conf", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_RESOLV_CONF
},
759 { "timezone", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TIMEZONE
},
760 { "console", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CONSOLE
},
761 { "pipe", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PIPE
},
762 { "oci-bundle", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OCI_BUNDLE
},
763 { "no-pager", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NO_PAGER
},
764 { "set-credential", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SET_CREDENTIAL
},
765 { "load-credential", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_LOAD_CREDENTIAL
},
770 uint64_t plus
= 0, minus
= 0;
771 bool mask_all_settings
= false, mask_no_settings
= false;
776 while ((c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "+hD:u:abL:M:jS:Z:qi:xp:nUE:P", options
, NULL
)) >= 0)
786 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_directory
);
790 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_DIRECTORY
;
794 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_template
);
798 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_DIRECTORY
;
802 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_image
);
806 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_DIRECTORY
;
810 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_oci_bundle
);
817 arg_ephemeral
= true;
818 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_EPHEMERAL
;
822 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_user
, optarg
);
826 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USER
;
829 case ARG_NETWORK_ZONE
: {
832 j
= strjoin("vz-", optarg
);
836 if (!ifname_valid(j
)) {
837 log_error("Network zone name not valid: %s", j
);
842 free_and_replace(arg_network_zone
, j
);
844 arg_network_veth
= true;
845 arg_private_network
= true;
846 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
850 case ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE
:
852 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
853 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
854 "Bridge interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
856 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_network_bridge
, optarg
);
862 arg_network_veth
= true;
863 arg_private_network
= true;
864 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
867 case ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
:
868 r
= veth_extra_parse(&arg_network_veth_extra
, optarg
);
870 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --network-veth-extra= parameter: %s", optarg
);
872 arg_private_network
= true;
873 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
876 case ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
:
877 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
878 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
879 "Network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
881 r
= test_network_interface_initialized(optarg
);
885 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_interfaces
, optarg
) < 0)
888 arg_private_network
= true;
889 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
892 case ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN
:
894 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
895 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
896 "MACVLAN network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
898 r
= test_network_interface_initialized(optarg
);
902 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_macvlan
, optarg
) < 0)
905 arg_private_network
= true;
906 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
909 case ARG_NETWORK_IPVLAN
:
911 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
912 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
913 "IPVLAN network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
915 r
= test_network_interface_initialized(optarg
);
919 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_ipvlan
, optarg
) < 0)
923 case ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK
:
924 arg_private_network
= true;
925 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
928 case ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
:
929 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_network_namespace_path
);
933 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
937 if (arg_start_mode
== START_PID2
)
938 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
939 "--boot and --as-pid2 may not be combined.");
941 arg_start_mode
= START_BOOT
;
942 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
946 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
)
947 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
948 "--boot and --as-pid2 may not be combined.");
950 arg_start_mode
= START_PID2
;
951 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
955 r
= sd_id128_from_string(optarg
, &arg_uuid
);
957 return log_error_errno(r
, "Invalid UUID: %s", optarg
);
959 if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
))
960 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
961 "Machine UUID may not be all zeroes.");
963 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_MACHINE_ID
;
967 _cleanup_free_
char *mangled
= NULL
;
969 r
= unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(optarg
, NULL
, UNIT_NAME_MANGLE_WARN
, ".slice", &mangled
);
973 free_and_replace(arg_slice
, mangled
);
974 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_SLICE
;
980 arg_machine
= mfree(arg_machine
);
982 if (!machine_name_is_valid(optarg
))
983 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
984 "Invalid machine name: %s", optarg
);
986 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_machine
, optarg
);
994 arg_hostname
= mfree(arg_hostname
);
996 if (!hostname_is_valid(optarg
, false))
997 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
998 "Invalid hostname: %s", optarg
);
1000 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_hostname
, optarg
);
1005 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_HOSTNAME
;
1009 arg_selinux_context
= optarg
;
1013 arg_selinux_apifs_context
= optarg
;
1017 arg_read_only
= true;
1018 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_READ_ONLY
;
1021 case ARG_CAPABILITY
:
1022 case ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY
: {
1024 r
= parse_capability_spec(optarg
, &m
);
1028 if (c
== ARG_CAPABILITY
)
1032 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CAPABILITY
;
1035 case ARG_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
:
1036 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1038 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --no-new-privileges= argument: %s", optarg
);
1040 arg_no_new_privileges
= r
;
1041 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
;
1045 arg_link_journal
= LINK_GUEST
;
1046 arg_link_journal_try
= true;
1047 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_LINK_JOURNAL
;
1050 case ARG_LINK_JOURNAL
:
1051 r
= parse_link_journal(optarg
, &arg_link_journal
, &arg_link_journal_try
);
1053 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse link journal mode %s", optarg
);
1055 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_LINK_JOURNAL
;
1060 r
= bind_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
, c
== ARG_BIND_RO
);
1062 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --bind(-ro)= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1064 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
1068 r
= tmpfs_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
);
1070 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --tmpfs= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1072 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
1076 case ARG_OVERLAY_RO
:
1077 r
= overlay_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
, c
== ARG_OVERLAY_RO
);
1078 if (r
== -EADDRNOTAVAIL
)
1079 return log_error_errno(r
, "--overlay(-ro)= needs at least two colon-separated directories specified.");
1081 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --overlay(-ro)= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1083 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
1086 case ARG_INACCESSIBLE
:
1087 r
= inaccessible_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
);
1089 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --inaccessible= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1091 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
1097 if (!env_assignment_is_valid(optarg
))
1098 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1099 "Environment variable assignment '%s' is not valid.", optarg
);
1101 n
= strv_env_set(arg_setenv
, optarg
);
1105 strv_free_and_replace(arg_setenv
, n
);
1106 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_ENVIRONMENT
;
1114 case ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM
:
1115 /* We don't officially support this anymore, except for compat reasons. People should use the
1116 * $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_* environment variables instead. */
1117 log_warning("Please do not use --share-system anymore, use $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_* instead.");
1118 arg_clone_ns_flags
= 0;
1122 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1124 log_error("Failed to parse --register= argument: %s", optarg
);
1132 arg_keep_unit
= true;
1135 case ARG_PERSONALITY
:
1137 arg_personality
= personality_from_string(optarg
);
1138 if (arg_personality
== PERSONALITY_INVALID
)
1139 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1140 "Unknown or unsupported personality '%s'.", optarg
);
1142 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_PERSONALITY
;
1148 arg_volatile_mode
= VOLATILE_YES
;
1149 else if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1150 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(volatile_mode
, VolatileMode
, _VOLATILE_MODE_MAX
);
1155 m
= volatile_mode_from_string(optarg
);
1157 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1158 "Failed to parse --volatile= argument: %s", optarg
);
1160 arg_volatile_mode
= m
;
1163 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_VOLATILE_MODE
;
1167 r
= expose_port_parse(&arg_expose_ports
, optarg
);
1169 return log_error_errno(r
, "Duplicate port specification: %s", optarg
);
1171 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse host port %s: %m", optarg
);
1173 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_EXPOSE_PORTS
;
1177 if (strv_extend(&arg_property
, optarg
) < 0)
1182 case ARG_PRIVATE_USERS
: {
1187 else if (!in_charset(optarg
, DIGITS
))
1188 /* do *not* parse numbers as booleans */
1189 boolean
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1191 if (boolean
== false) {
1192 /* no: User namespacing off */
1193 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
;
1194 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1195 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1196 } else if (boolean
== true) {
1197 /* yes: User namespacing on, UID range is read from root dir */
1198 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_FIXED
;
1199 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1200 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1201 } else if (streq(optarg
, "pick")) {
1202 /* pick: User namespacing on, UID range is picked randomly */
1203 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
;
1204 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1205 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1207 _cleanup_free_
char *buffer
= NULL
;
1208 const char *range
, *shift
;
1210 /* anything else: User namespacing on, UID range is explicitly configured */
1212 range
= strchr(optarg
, ':');
1214 buffer
= strndup(optarg
, range
- optarg
);
1220 r
= safe_atou32(range
, &arg_uid_range
);
1222 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse UID range \"%s\": %m", range
);
1226 r
= parse_uid(shift
, &arg_uid_shift
);
1228 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse UID \"%s\": %m", optarg
);
1230 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_FIXED
;
1233 if (arg_uid_range
<= 0)
1234 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1235 "UID range cannot be 0.");
1237 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1242 if (userns_supported()) {
1243 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
;
1244 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1245 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1247 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1252 case ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
:
1253 arg_userns_chown
= true;
1255 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1258 case ARG_KILL_SIGNAL
:
1259 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1260 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(signal
, int, _NSIG
);
1264 arg_kill_signal
= signal_from_string(optarg
);
1265 if (arg_kill_signal
< 0)
1266 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1267 "Cannot parse signal: %s", optarg
);
1269 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_KILL_SIGNAL
;
1274 /* no → do not read files
1275 * yes → read files, do not override cmdline, trust only subset
1276 * override → read files, override cmdline, trust only subset
1277 * trusted → read files, do not override cmdline, trust all
1280 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1282 if (streq(optarg
, "trusted")) {
1283 mask_all_settings
= false;
1284 mask_no_settings
= false;
1285 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
1287 } else if (streq(optarg
, "override")) {
1288 mask_all_settings
= false;
1289 mask_no_settings
= true;
1290 arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
1292 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --settings= argument: %s", optarg
);
1295 mask_all_settings
= false;
1296 mask_no_settings
= false;
1297 arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
1300 mask_all_settings
= true;
1301 mask_no_settings
= false;
1302 arg_settings_trusted
= false;
1308 if (!path_is_absolute(optarg
))
1309 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1310 "Working directory %s is not an absolute path.", optarg
);
1312 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_chdir
, optarg
);
1316 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_WORKING_DIRECTORY
;
1319 case ARG_PIVOT_ROOT
:
1320 r
= pivot_root_parse(&arg_pivot_root_new
, &arg_pivot_root_old
, optarg
);
1322 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --pivot-root= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1324 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_PIVOT_ROOT
;
1327 case ARG_NOTIFY_READY
:
1328 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1330 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1331 "%s is not a valid notify mode. Valid modes are: yes, no, and ready.", optarg
);
1332 arg_notify_ready
= r
;
1333 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NOTIFY_READY
;
1336 case ARG_ROOT_HASH
: {
1337 _cleanup_free_
void *k
= NULL
;
1340 r
= unhexmem(optarg
, strlen(optarg
), &k
, &l
);
1342 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse root hash: %s", optarg
);
1343 if (l
< sizeof(sd_id128_t
))
1344 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Root hash must be at least 128bit long: %s", optarg
);
1346 free_and_replace(arg_verity_settings
.root_hash
, k
);
1347 arg_verity_settings
.root_hash_size
= l
;
1351 case ARG_ROOT_HASH_SIG
: {
1356 if ((value
= startswith(optarg
, "base64:"))) {
1357 r
= unbase64mem(value
, strlen(value
), &p
, &l
);
1359 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse root hash signature '%s': %m", optarg
);
1362 r
= read_full_file(optarg
, (char**) &p
, &l
);
1364 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed parse root hash signature file '%s': %m", optarg
);
1367 free_and_replace(arg_verity_settings
.root_hash_sig
, p
);
1368 arg_verity_settings
.root_hash_sig_size
= l
;
1372 case ARG_VERITY_DATA
:
1373 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_verity_settings
.data_path
);
1378 case ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
: {
1382 negative
= optarg
[0] == '~';
1383 items
= negative
? optarg
+ 1 : optarg
;
1386 _cleanup_free_
char *word
= NULL
;
1388 r
= extract_first_word(&items
, &word
, NULL
, 0);
1394 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse system call filter: %m");
1397 r
= strv_extend(&arg_syscall_deny_list
, word
);
1399 r
= strv_extend(&arg_syscall_allow_list
, word
);
1404 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_SYSCALL_FILTER
;
1410 _cleanup_free_
char *name
= NULL
;
1413 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1414 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(rlimit
, int, _RLIMIT_MAX
);
1418 eq
= strchr(optarg
, '=');
1420 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1421 "--rlimit= expects an '=' assignment.");
1423 name
= strndup(optarg
, eq
- optarg
);
1427 rl
= rlimit_from_string_harder(name
);
1429 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1430 "Unknown resource limit: %s", name
);
1432 if (!arg_rlimit
[rl
]) {
1433 arg_rlimit
[rl
] = new0(struct rlimit
, 1);
1434 if (!arg_rlimit
[rl
])
1438 r
= rlimit_parse(rl
, eq
+ 1, arg_rlimit
[rl
]);
1440 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse resource limit: %s", eq
+ 1);
1442 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_RLIMIT_FIRST
<< rl
;
1446 case ARG_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
:
1447 r
= parse_oom_score_adjust(optarg
, &arg_oom_score_adjust
);
1449 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --oom-score-adjust= parameter: %s", optarg
);
1451 arg_oom_score_adjust_set
= true;
1452 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
;
1455 case ARG_CPU_AFFINITY
: {
1458 r
= parse_cpu_set(optarg
, &cpuset
);
1460 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse CPU affinity mask %s: %m", optarg
);
1462 cpu_set_reset(&arg_cpu_set
);
1463 arg_cpu_set
= cpuset
;
1464 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CPU_AFFINITY
;
1468 case ARG_RESOLV_CONF
:
1469 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1470 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(resolv_conf_mode
, ResolvConfMode
, _RESOLV_CONF_MODE_MAX
);
1474 arg_resolv_conf
= resolv_conf_mode_from_string(optarg
);
1475 if (arg_resolv_conf
< 0)
1476 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1477 "Failed to parse /etc/resolv.conf mode: %s", optarg
);
1479 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_RESOLV_CONF
;
1483 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1484 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(timezone_mode
, TimezoneMode
, _TIMEZONE_MODE_MAX
);
1488 arg_timezone
= timezone_mode_from_string(optarg
);
1489 if (arg_timezone
< 0)
1490 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1491 "Failed to parse /etc/localtime mode: %s", optarg
);
1493 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_TIMEZONE
;
1497 r
= handle_arg_console(optarg
);
1504 r
= handle_arg_console("pipe");
1510 arg_pager_flags
|= PAGER_DISABLE
;
1513 case ARG_SET_CREDENTIAL
: {
1514 _cleanup_free_
char *word
= NULL
, *data
= NULL
;
1515 const char *p
= optarg
;
1520 r
= extract_first_word(&p
, &word
, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS
);
1524 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --set-credential= parameter: %m");
1526 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Missing value for --set-credential=: %s", optarg
);
1528 if (!credential_name_valid(word
))
1529 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Credential name is not valid: %s", word
);
1531 for (i
= 0; i
< arg_n_credentials
; i
++)
1532 if (streq(arg_credentials
[i
].id
, word
))
1533 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
), "Duplicate credential '%s', refusing.", word
);
1535 l
= cunescape(p
, UNESCAPE_ACCEPT_NUL
, &data
);
1537 return log_error_errno(l
, "Failed to unescape credential data: %s", p
);
1539 a
= reallocarray(arg_credentials
, arg_n_credentials
+ 1, sizeof(Credential
));
1543 a
[arg_n_credentials
++] = (Credential
) {
1544 .id
= TAKE_PTR(word
),
1545 .data
= TAKE_PTR(data
),
1549 arg_credentials
= a
;
1551 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CREDENTIALS
;
1555 case ARG_LOAD_CREDENTIAL
: {
1556 ReadFullFileFlags flags
= READ_FULL_FILE_SECURE
;
1557 _cleanup_(erase_and_freep
) char *data
= NULL
;
1558 _cleanup_free_
char *word
= NULL
, *j
= NULL
;
1559 const char *p
= optarg
;
1563 r
= extract_first_word(&p
, &word
, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS
);
1567 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --set-credential= parameter: %m");
1569 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Missing value for --set-credential=: %s", optarg
);
1571 if (!credential_name_valid(word
))
1572 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Credential name is not valid: %s", word
);
1574 for (i
= 0; i
< arg_n_credentials
; i
++)
1575 if (streq(arg_credentials
[i
].id
, word
))
1576 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
), "Duplicate credential '%s', refusing.", word
);
1578 if (path_is_absolute(p
))
1579 flags
|= READ_FULL_FILE_CONNECT_SOCKET
;
1583 e
= getenv("CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY");
1585 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Credential not available (no credentials passed at all): %s", word
);
1587 j
= path_join(e
, p
);
1592 r
= read_full_file_full(AT_FDCWD
, j
?: p
, flags
, &data
, &size
);
1594 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read credential '%s': %m", j
?: p
);
1596 a
= reallocarray(arg_credentials
, arg_n_credentials
+ 1, sizeof(Credential
));
1600 a
[arg_n_credentials
++] = (Credential
) {
1601 .id
= TAKE_PTR(word
),
1602 .data
= TAKE_PTR(data
),
1606 arg_credentials
= a
;
1608 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CREDENTIALS
;
1616 assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
1619 if (argc
> optind
) {
1620 strv_free(arg_parameters
);
1621 arg_parameters
= strv_copy(argv
+ optind
);
1622 if (!arg_parameters
)
1625 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
1628 if (arg_ephemeral
&& arg_template
&& !arg_directory
)
1629 /* User asked for ephemeral execution but specified --template= instead of --directory=. Semantically
1630 * such an invocation makes some sense, see https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3667. Let's
1631 * accept this here, and silently make "--ephemeral --template=" equivalent to "--ephemeral
1633 arg_directory
= TAKE_PTR(arg_template
);
1635 arg_caps_retain
= (arg_caps_retain
| plus
| (arg_private_network
? UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN
: 0)) & ~minus
;
1637 /* Make sure to parse environment before we reset the settings mask below */
1638 r
= parse_environment();
1642 /* Load all settings from .nspawn files */
1643 if (mask_no_settings
)
1644 arg_settings_mask
= 0;
1646 /* Don't load any settings from .nspawn files */
1647 if (mask_all_settings
)
1648 arg_settings_mask
= _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL
;
1653 static int verify_arguments(void) {
1656 if (arg_start_mode
== START_PID2
&& arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
) {
1657 /* If we are running the stub init in the container, we don't need to look at what the init
1658 * in the container supports, because we are not using it. Let's immediately pick the right
1659 * setting based on the host system configuration.
1661 * We only do this, if the user didn't use an environment variable to override the detection.
1664 r
= cg_all_unified();
1666 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether we are in all unified mode.");
1668 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL
;
1669 else if (cg_unified_controller(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER
) > 0)
1670 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD
;
1672 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
1675 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
1676 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_USE_USERNS
;
1678 if (arg_private_network
)
1679 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
;
1681 if (!(arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWPID
) ||
1682 !(arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWUTS
)) {
1683 arg_register
= false;
1684 if (arg_start_mode
!= START_PID1
)
1685 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--boot cannot be used without namespacing.");
1688 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
)
1689 arg_userns_chown
= true;
1691 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
&& arg_kill_signal
<= 0)
1692 arg_kill_signal
= SIGRTMIN
+3;
1694 if (arg_volatile_mode
!= VOLATILE_NO
) /* Make sure all file systems contained in the image are mounted read-only if we are in volatile mode */
1695 arg_read_only
= true;
1697 if (has_custom_root_mount(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
))
1698 arg_read_only
= true;
1700 if (arg_keep_unit
&& arg_register
&& cg_pid_get_owner_uid(0, NULL
) >= 0)
1701 /* Save the user from accidentally registering either user-$SESSION.scope or user@.service.
1702 * The latter is not technically a user session, but we don't need to labour the point. */
1703 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--keep-unit --register=yes may not be used when invoked from a user session.");
1705 if (arg_directory
&& arg_image
)
1706 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--directory= and --image= may not be combined.");
1708 if (arg_template
&& arg_image
)
1709 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--template= and --image= may not be combined.");
1711 if (arg_template
&& !(arg_directory
|| arg_machine
))
1712 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--template= needs --directory= or --machine=.");
1714 if (arg_ephemeral
&& arg_template
)
1715 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--ephemeral and --template= may not be combined.");
1717 if (arg_ephemeral
&& !IN_SET(arg_link_journal
, LINK_NO
, LINK_AUTO
))
1718 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--ephemeral and --link-journal= may not be combined.");
1720 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& !userns_supported())
1721 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
), "--private-users= is not supported, kernel compiled without user namespace support.");
1723 if (arg_userns_chown
&& arg_read_only
)
1724 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1725 "--read-only and --private-users-chown may not be combined.");
1727 /* We don't support --private-users-chown together with any of the volatile modes since we couldn't
1728 * change the read-only part of the tree (i.e. /usr) anyway, or because it would trigger a massive
1729 * copy-up (in case of overlay) making the entire exercise pointless. */
1730 if (arg_userns_chown
&& arg_volatile_mode
!= VOLATILE_NO
)
1731 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--volatile= and --private-users-chown may not be combined.");
1733 /* If --network-namespace-path is given with any other network-related option (except --private-network),
1734 * we need to error out, to avoid conflicts between different network options. */
1735 if (arg_network_namespace_path
&&
1736 (arg_network_interfaces
|| arg_network_macvlan
||
1737 arg_network_ipvlan
|| arg_network_veth_extra
||
1738 arg_network_bridge
|| arg_network_zone
||
1740 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--network-namespace-path= cannot be combined with other network options.");
1742 if (arg_network_bridge
&& arg_network_zone
)
1743 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1744 "--network-bridge= and --network-zone= may not be combined.");
1746 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& (arg_mount_settings
& MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
) && !arg_private_network
)
1747 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Invalid namespacing settings. Mounting sysfs with --private-users requires --private-network.");
1749 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& !(arg_mount_settings
& MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
))
1750 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Cannot combine --private-users with read-write mounts.");
1752 if (arg_expose_ports
&& !arg_private_network
)
1753 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Cannot use --port= without private networking.");
1756 if (arg_expose_ports
)
1757 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
), "--port= is not supported, compiled without libiptc support.");
1760 r
= custom_mount_check_all();
1767 static int userns_lchown(const char *p
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
1770 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
1773 if (uid
== UID_INVALID
&& gid
== GID_INVALID
)
1776 if (uid
!= UID_INVALID
) {
1777 uid
+= arg_uid_shift
;
1779 if (uid
< arg_uid_shift
|| uid
>= arg_uid_shift
+ arg_uid_range
)
1783 if (gid
!= GID_INVALID
) {
1784 gid
+= (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
;
1786 if (gid
< (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
|| gid
>= (gid_t
) (arg_uid_shift
+ arg_uid_range
))
1790 if (lchown(p
, uid
, gid
) < 0)
1796 static int userns_mkdir(const char *root
, const char *path
, mode_t mode
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
1800 q
= prefix_roota(root
, path
);
1801 r
= mkdir_errno_wrapper(q
, mode
);
1807 return userns_lchown(q
, uid
, gid
);
1810 static const char *timezone_from_path(const char *path
) {
1811 return PATH_STARTSWITH_SET(
1813 "../usr/share/zoneinfo/",
1814 "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
1817 static bool etc_writable(void) {
1818 return !arg_read_only
|| IN_SET(arg_volatile_mode
, VOLATILE_YES
, VOLATILE_OVERLAY
);
1821 static int setup_timezone(const char *dest
) {
1822 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
, *etc
= NULL
;
1823 const char *where
, *check
;
1829 if (IN_SET(arg_timezone
, TIMEZONE_AUTO
, TIMEZONE_SYMLINK
)) {
1830 r
= readlink_malloc("/etc/localtime", &p
);
1831 if (r
== -ENOENT
&& arg_timezone
== TIMEZONE_AUTO
)
1832 m
= etc_writable() ? TIMEZONE_DELETE
: TIMEZONE_OFF
;
1833 else if (r
== -EINVAL
&& arg_timezone
== TIMEZONE_AUTO
) /* regular file? */
1834 m
= etc_writable() ? TIMEZONE_COPY
: TIMEZONE_BIND
;
1836 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to read host's /etc/localtime symlink, not updating container timezone: %m");
1837 /* To handle warning, delete /etc/localtime and replace it with a symbolic link to a time zone data
1841 * ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /etc/localtime
1844 } else if (arg_timezone
== TIMEZONE_AUTO
)
1845 m
= etc_writable() ? TIMEZONE_SYMLINK
: TIMEZONE_BIND
;
1851 if (m
== TIMEZONE_OFF
)
1854 r
= chase_symlinks("/etc", dest
, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT
, &etc
, NULL
);
1856 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve /etc path in container, ignoring: %m");
1860 where
= strjoina(etc
, "/localtime");
1864 case TIMEZONE_DELETE
:
1865 if (unlink(where
) < 0)
1866 log_full_errno(errno
== ENOENT
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, errno
, "Failed to remove '%s', ignoring: %m", where
);
1870 case TIMEZONE_SYMLINK
: {
1871 _cleanup_free_
char *q
= NULL
;
1872 const char *z
, *what
;
1874 z
= timezone_from_path(p
);
1876 log_warning("/etc/localtime does not point into /usr/share/zoneinfo/, not updating container timezone.");
1880 r
= readlink_malloc(where
, &q
);
1881 if (r
>= 0 && streq_ptr(timezone_from_path(q
), z
))
1882 return 0; /* Already pointing to the right place? Then do nothing .. */
1884 check
= strjoina(dest
, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/", z
);
1885 r
= chase_symlinks(check
, dest
, 0, NULL
, NULL
);
1887 log_debug_errno(r
, "Timezone %s does not exist (or is not accessible) in container, not creating symlink: %m", z
);
1889 if (unlink(where
) < 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
) {
1890 log_full_errno(IN_SET(errno
, EROFS
, EACCES
, EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, /* Don't complain on read-only images */
1891 errno
, "Failed to remove existing timezone info %s in container, ignoring: %m", where
);
1895 what
= strjoina("../usr/share/zoneinfo/", z
);
1896 if (symlink(what
, where
) < 0) {
1897 log_full_errno(IN_SET(errno
, EROFS
, EACCES
, EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
,
1898 errno
, "Failed to correct timezone of container, ignoring: %m");
1908 case TIMEZONE_BIND
: {
1909 _cleanup_free_
char *resolved
= NULL
;
1912 found
= chase_symlinks(where
, dest
, CHASE_NONEXISTENT
, &resolved
, NULL
);
1914 log_warning_errno(found
, "Failed to resolve /etc/localtime path in container, ignoring: %m");
1918 if (found
== 0) /* missing? */
1919 (void) touch(resolved
);
1921 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_WARNING
, "/etc/localtime", resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
1923 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
1929 /* If mounting failed, try to copy */
1930 r
= copy_file_atomic("/etc/localtime", where
, 0644, 0, 0, COPY_REFLINK
|COPY_REPLACE
);
1932 log_full_errno(IN_SET(r
, -EROFS
, -EACCES
, -EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, r
,
1933 "Failed to copy /etc/localtime to %s, ignoring: %m", where
);
1940 assert_not_reached("unexpected mode");
1943 /* Fix permissions of the symlink or file copy we just created */
1944 r
= userns_lchown(where
, 0, 0);
1946 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /etc/localtime, ignoring: %m");
1951 static int have_resolv_conf(const char *path
) {
1954 if (access(path
, F_OK
) < 0) {
1955 if (errno
== ENOENT
)
1958 return log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to determine whether '%s' is available: %m", path
);
1964 static int resolved_listening(void) {
1965 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free
) sd_bus_error error
= SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL
;
1966 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp
) sd_bus
*bus
= NULL
;
1967 _cleanup_free_
char *dns_stub_listener_mode
= NULL
;
1970 /* Check if resolved is listening */
1972 r
= sd_bus_open_system(&bus
);
1974 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to open system bus: %m");
1976 r
= bus_name_has_owner(bus
, "org.freedesktop.resolve1", NULL
);
1978 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to check whether the 'org.freedesktop.resolve1' bus name is taken: %m");
1982 r
= sd_bus_get_property_string(bus
,
1983 "org.freedesktop.resolve1",
1984 "/org/freedesktop/resolve1",
1985 "org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager",
1988 &dns_stub_listener_mode
);
1990 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to query DNSStubListener property: %s", bus_error_message(&error
, r
));
1992 return STR_IN_SET(dns_stub_listener_mode
, "udp", "yes");
1995 static int setup_resolv_conf(const char *dest
) {
1996 _cleanup_free_
char *etc
= NULL
;
1997 const char *where
, *what
;
2003 if (arg_resolv_conf
== RESOLV_CONF_AUTO
) {
2004 if (arg_private_network
)
2005 m
= RESOLV_CONF_OFF
;
2006 else if (have_resolv_conf(PRIVATE_STUB_RESOLV_CONF
) > 0 && resolved_listening() > 0)
2007 m
= etc_writable() ? RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STUB
: RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STUB
;
2008 else if (have_resolv_conf("/etc/resolv.conf") > 0)
2009 m
= etc_writable() ? RESOLV_CONF_COPY_HOST
: RESOLV_CONF_BIND_HOST
;
2011 m
= etc_writable() ? RESOLV_CONF_DELETE
: RESOLV_CONF_OFF
;
2014 m
= arg_resolv_conf
;
2016 if (m
== RESOLV_CONF_OFF
)
2019 r
= chase_symlinks("/etc", dest
, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT
, &etc
, NULL
);
2021 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve /etc path in container, ignoring: %m");
2025 where
= strjoina(etc
, "/resolv.conf");
2027 if (m
== RESOLV_CONF_DELETE
) {
2028 if (unlink(where
) < 0)
2029 log_full_errno(errno
== ENOENT
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, errno
, "Failed to remove '%s', ignoring: %m", where
);
2034 if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STATIC
))
2035 what
= PRIVATE_STATIC_RESOLV_CONF
;
2036 else if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_UPLINK
))
2037 what
= PRIVATE_UPLINK_RESOLV_CONF
;
2038 else if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STUB
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_STUB
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STUB
))
2039 what
= PRIVATE_STUB_RESOLV_CONF
;
2041 what
= "/etc/resolv.conf";
2043 if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_HOST
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STUB
)) {
2044 _cleanup_free_
char *resolved
= NULL
;
2047 found
= chase_symlinks(where
, dest
, CHASE_NONEXISTENT
, &resolved
, NULL
);
2049 log_warning_errno(found
, "Failed to resolve /etc/resolv.conf path in container, ignoring: %m");
2053 if (found
== 0) /* missing? */
2054 (void) touch(resolved
);
2056 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_WARNING
, what
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2058 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
2060 /* If that didn't work, let's copy the file */
2063 if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_HOST
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_REPLACE_STUB
))
2064 r
= copy_file_atomic(what
, where
, 0644, 0, 0, COPY_REFLINK
|COPY_REPLACE
);
2066 r
= copy_file(what
, where
, O_TRUNC
|O_NOFOLLOW
, 0644, 0, 0, COPY_REFLINK
);
2068 /* If the file already exists as symlink, let's suppress the warning, under the assumption that
2069 * resolved or something similar runs inside and the symlink points there.
2071 * If the disk image is read-only, there's also no point in complaining.
2073 log_full_errno(!IN_SET(RESOLV_CONF_COPY_HOST
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_UPLINK
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STUB
) &&
2074 IN_SET(r
, -ELOOP
, -EROFS
, -EACCES
, -EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, r
,
2075 "Failed to copy /etc/resolv.conf to %s, ignoring: %m", where
);
2079 r
= userns_lchown(where
, 0, 0);
2081 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /etc/resolv.conf, ignoring: %m");
2086 static int setup_boot_id(void) {
2087 _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep
) char *from
= NULL
;
2088 _cleanup_free_
char *path
= NULL
;
2089 sd_id128_t rnd
= SD_ID128_NULL
;
2093 /* Generate a new randomized boot ID, so that each boot-up of the container gets a new one */
2095 r
= tempfn_random_child("/run", "proc-sys-kernel-random-boot-id", &path
);
2097 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate random boot ID path: %m");
2099 r
= sd_id128_randomize(&rnd
);
2101 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate random boot id: %m");
2103 r
= id128_write(path
, ID128_UUID
, rnd
, false);
2105 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write boot id: %m");
2107 from
= TAKE_PTR(path
);
2108 to
= "/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id";
2110 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, from
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2114 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
2117 static int copy_devnodes(const char *dest
) {
2118 static const char devnodes
[] =
2127 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u
;
2135 /* Create /dev/net, so that we can create /dev/net/tun in it */
2136 if (userns_mkdir(dest
, "/dev/net", 0755, 0, 0) < 0)
2137 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /dev/net directory: %m");
2139 NULSTR_FOREACH(d
, devnodes
) {
2140 _cleanup_free_
char *from
= NULL
, *to
= NULL
;
2143 from
= path_join("/dev/", d
);
2147 to
= path_join(dest
, from
);
2151 if (stat(from
, &st
) < 0) {
2153 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
2154 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to stat %s: %m", from
);
2156 } else if (!S_ISCHR(st
.st_mode
) && !S_ISBLK(st
.st_mode
))
2157 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
2158 "%s is not a char or block device, cannot copy.", from
);
2160 _cleanup_free_
char *sl
= NULL
, *prefixed
= NULL
, *dn
= NULL
, *t
= NULL
;
2162 if (mknod(to
, st
.st_mode
, st
.st_rdev
) < 0) {
2163 /* Explicitly warn the user when /dev is already populated. */
2164 if (errno
== EEXIST
)
2165 log_notice("%s/dev is pre-mounted and pre-populated. If a pre-mounted /dev is provided it needs to be an unpopulated file system.", dest
);
2167 return log_error_errno(errno
, "mknod(%s) failed: %m", to
);
2169 /* Some systems abusively restrict mknod but allow bind mounts. */
2172 return log_error_errno(r
, "touch (%s) failed: %m", to
);
2173 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, from
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2175 return log_error_errno(r
, "Both mknod and bind mount (%s) failed: %m", to
);
2178 r
= userns_lchown(to
, 0, 0);
2180 return log_error_errno(r
, "chown() of device node %s failed: %m", to
);
2182 dn
= path_join("/dev", S_ISCHR(st
.st_mode
) ? "char" : "block");
2186 r
= userns_mkdir(dest
, dn
, 0755, 0, 0);
2188 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create '%s': %m", dn
);
2190 if (asprintf(&sl
, "%s/%u:%u", dn
, major(st
.st_rdev
), minor(st
.st_rdev
)) < 0)
2193 prefixed
= path_join(dest
, sl
);
2197 t
= path_join("..", d
);
2201 if (symlink(t
, prefixed
) < 0)
2202 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink '%s' to '%s': %m", t
, prefixed
);
2209 static int make_extra_nodes(const char *dest
) {
2210 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u
;
2216 for (i
= 0; i
< arg_n_extra_nodes
; i
++) {
2217 _cleanup_free_
char *path
= NULL
;
2218 DeviceNode
*n
= arg_extra_nodes
+ i
;
2220 path
= path_join(dest
, n
->path
);
2224 if (mknod(path
, n
->mode
, S_ISCHR(n
->mode
) || S_ISBLK(n
->mode
) ? makedev(n
->major
, n
->minor
) : 0) < 0)
2225 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create device node '%s': %m", path
);
2227 r
= chmod_and_chown(path
, n
->mode
, n
->uid
, n
->gid
);
2229 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to adjust device node ownership of '%s': %m", path
);
2235 static int setup_pts(const char *dest
) {
2236 _cleanup_free_
char *options
= NULL
;
2241 if (arg_selinux_apifs_context
)
2242 (void) asprintf(&options
,
2243 "newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" GID_FMT
",context=\"%s\"",
2244 arg_uid_shift
+ TTY_GID
,
2245 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
2248 (void) asprintf(&options
,
2249 "newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" GID_FMT
,
2250 arg_uid_shift
+ TTY_GID
);
2255 /* Mount /dev/pts itself */
2256 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/pts");
2257 r
= mkdir_errno_wrapper(p
, 0755);
2259 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /dev/pts: %m");
2261 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, "devpts", p
, "devpts", MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
, options
);
2264 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
2266 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/pts: %m");
2268 /* Create /dev/ptmx symlink */
2269 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/ptmx");
2270 if (symlink("pts/ptmx", p
) < 0)
2271 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create /dev/ptmx symlink: %m");
2272 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
2274 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/ptmx: %m");
2276 /* And fix /dev/pts/ptmx ownership */
2277 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/pts/ptmx");
2278 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
2280 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/pts/ptmx: %m");
2285 static int setup_stdio_as_dev_console(void) {
2286 _cleanup_close_
int terminal
= -1;
2289 /* We open the TTY in O_NOCTTY mode, so that we do not become controller yet. We'll do that later
2290 * explicitly, if we are configured to. */
2291 terminal
= open_terminal("/dev/console", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
);
2293 return log_error_errno(terminal
, "Failed to open console: %m");
2295 /* Make sure we can continue logging to the original stderr, even if
2296 * stderr points elsewhere now */
2297 r
= log_dup_console();
2299 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to duplicate stderr: %m");
2301 /* invalidates 'terminal' on success and failure */
2302 r
= rearrange_stdio(terminal
, terminal
, terminal
);
2305 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to move console to stdin/stdout/stderr: %m");
2310 static int setup_dev_console(const char *console
) {
2311 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
2314 /* Create /dev/console symlink */
2315 r
= path_make_relative("/dev", console
, &p
);
2317 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create relative path: %m");
2319 if (symlink(p
, "/dev/console") < 0)
2320 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create /dev/console symlink: %m");
2325 static int setup_keyring(void) {
2326 key_serial_t keyring
;
2328 /* Allocate a new session keyring for the container. This makes sure the keyring of the session
2329 * systemd-nspawn was invoked from doesn't leak into the container. Note that by default we block
2330 * keyctl() and request_key() anyway via seccomp so doing this operation isn't strictly necessary,
2331 * but in case people explicitly allow-list these system calls let's make sure we don't leak anything
2332 * into the container. */
2334 keyring
= keyctl(KEYCTL_JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING
, 0, 0, 0, 0);
2335 if (keyring
== -1) {
2336 if (errno
== ENOSYS
)
2337 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Kernel keyring not supported, ignoring.");
2338 else if (ERRNO_IS_PRIVILEGE(errno
))
2339 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Kernel keyring access prohibited, ignoring.");
2341 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Setting up kernel keyring failed: %m");
2347 static int setup_credentials(const char *root
) {
2351 if (arg_n_credentials
<= 0)
2354 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/host", 0755, 0, 0);
2356 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/host: %m");
2358 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/host/credentials", 0700, 0, 0);
2360 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/host/credentials: %m");
2362 q
= prefix_roota(root
, "/run/host/credentials");
2363 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, "ramfs", MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, "mode=0700");
2367 for (size_t i
= 0; i
< arg_n_credentials
; i
++) {
2368 _cleanup_free_
char *j
= NULL
;
2369 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
2371 j
= path_join(q
, arg_credentials
[i
].id
);
2375 fd
= open(j
, O_CREAT
|O_EXCL
|O_WRONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOFOLLOW
, 0600);
2377 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create credential file %s: %m", j
);
2379 r
= loop_write(fd
, arg_credentials
[i
].data
, arg_credentials
[i
].size
, /* do_poll= */ false);
2381 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write credential to file %s: %m", j
);
2383 if (fchmod(fd
, 0400) < 0)
2384 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to adjust access mode of %s: %m", j
);
2386 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
2387 if (fchown(fd
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
) < 0)
2388 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to adjust ownership of %s: %m", j
);
2392 if (chmod(q
, 0500) < 0)
2393 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to adjust access mode of %s: %m", q
);
2395 r
= userns_lchown(q
, 0, 0);
2399 /* Make both mount and superblock read-only now */
2400 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_REMOUNT
|MS_BIND
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
2404 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, "mode=0500");
2407 static int setup_kmsg(int kmsg_socket
) {
2408 _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep
) char *from
= NULL
;
2409 _cleanup_free_
char *fifo
= NULL
;
2410 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
2411 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u
;
2414 assert(kmsg_socket
>= 0);
2418 /* We create the kmsg FIFO as as temporary file in /run, but immediately delete it after bind mounting it to
2419 * /proc/kmsg. While FIFOs on the reading side behave very similar to /proc/kmsg, their writing side behaves
2420 * differently from /dev/kmsg in that writing blocks when nothing is reading. In order to avoid any problems
2421 * with containers deadlocking due to this we simply make /dev/kmsg unavailable to the container. */
2423 r
= tempfn_random_child("/run", "proc-kmsg", &fifo
);
2425 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate kmsg path: %m");
2427 if (mkfifo(fifo
, 0600) < 0)
2428 return log_error_errno(errno
, "mkfifo() for /run/kmsg failed: %m");
2430 from
= TAKE_PTR(fifo
);
2432 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, from
, "/proc/kmsg", NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2436 fd
= open(from
, O_RDWR
|O_NONBLOCK
|O_CLOEXEC
);
2438 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open fifo: %m");
2440 /* Store away the fd in the socket, so that it stays open as long as we run the child */
2441 r
= send_one_fd(kmsg_socket
, fd
, 0);
2443 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to send FIFO fd: %m");
2448 static int on_address_change(sd_netlink
*rtnl
, sd_netlink_message
*m
, void *userdata
) {
2449 union in_addr_union
*exposed
= userdata
;
2455 expose_port_execute(rtnl
, arg_expose_ports
, exposed
);
2459 static int setup_hostname(void) {
2462 if ((arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWUTS
) == 0)
2465 r
= sethostname_idempotent(arg_hostname
?: arg_machine
);
2467 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set hostname: %m");
2472 static int setup_journal(const char *directory
) {
2473 _cleanup_free_
char *d
= NULL
;
2474 char id
[SD_ID128_STRING_MAX
];
2475 const char *dirname
, *p
, *q
;
2480 /* Don't link journals in ephemeral mode */
2484 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_NO
)
2487 try = arg_link_journal_try
|| arg_link_journal
== LINK_AUTO
;
2489 r
= sd_id128_get_machine(&this_id
);
2491 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to retrieve machine ID: %m");
2493 if (sd_id128_equal(arg_uuid
, this_id
)) {
2494 log_full(try ? LOG_WARNING
: LOG_ERR
,
2495 "Host and machine ids are equal (%s): refusing to link journals", sd_id128_to_string(arg_uuid
, id
));
2501 FOREACH_STRING(dirname
, "/var", "/var/log", "/var/log/journal") {
2502 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, dirname
, 0755, 0, 0);
2504 bool ignore
= r
== -EROFS
&& try;
2505 log_full_errno(ignore
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_ERR
, r
,
2506 "Failed to create %s%s: %m", dirname
, ignore
? ", ignoring" : "");
2507 return ignore
? 0 : r
;
2511 (void) sd_id128_to_string(arg_uuid
, id
);
2513 p
= strjoina("/var/log/journal/", id
);
2514 q
= prefix_roota(directory
, p
);
2516 if (path_is_mount_point(p
, NULL
, 0) > 0) {
2520 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
),
2521 "%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", p
);
2524 if (path_is_mount_point(q
, NULL
, 0) > 0) {
2528 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
),
2529 "%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", q
);
2532 r
= readlink_and_make_absolute(p
, &d
);
2534 if (IN_SET(arg_link_journal
, LINK_GUEST
, LINK_AUTO
) &&
2537 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
2539 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", q
);
2544 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to remove symlink %s: %m", p
);
2545 } else if (r
== -EINVAL
) {
2547 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_GUEST
&&
2550 if (errno
== ENOTDIR
) {
2551 log_error("%s already exists and is neither a symlink nor a directory", p
);
2554 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to remove %s: %m", p
);
2556 } else if (r
!= -ENOENT
)
2557 return log_error_errno(r
, "readlink(%s) failed: %m", p
);
2559 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_GUEST
) {
2561 if (symlink(q
, p
) < 0) {
2563 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink %s to %s, skipping journal setup: %m", q
, p
);
2566 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink %s to %s: %m", q
, p
);
2569 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
2571 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", q
);
2575 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_HOST
) {
2576 /* don't create parents here — if the host doesn't have
2577 * permanent journal set up, don't force it here */
2579 r
= mkdir_errno_wrapper(p
, 0755);
2580 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -EEXIST
) {
2582 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s, skipping journal setup: %m", p
);
2585 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s: %m", p
);
2588 } else if (access(p
, F_OK
) < 0)
2591 if (dir_is_empty(q
) == 0)
2592 log_warning("%s is not empty, proceeding anyway.", q
);
2594 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
2596 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s: %m", q
);
2598 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, p
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2600 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to bind mount journal from host into guest: %m");
2605 static int drop_capabilities(uid_t uid
) {
2606 CapabilityQuintet q
;
2608 /* Let's initialize all five capability sets to something valid. If the quintet was configured via
2609 * OCI use that, but fill in missing bits. If it wasn't then derive the quintet in full from
2610 * arg_caps_retain. */
2612 if (capability_quintet_is_set(&arg_full_capabilities
)) {
2613 q
= arg_full_capabilities
;
2615 if (q
.bounding
== (uint64_t) -1)
2616 q
.bounding
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: 0;
2618 if (q
.effective
== (uint64_t) -1)
2619 q
.effective
= uid
== 0 ? q
.bounding
: 0;
2621 if (q
.inheritable
== (uint64_t) -1)
2622 q
.inheritable
= uid
== 0 ? q
.bounding
: 0;
2624 if (q
.permitted
== (uint64_t) -1)
2625 q
.permitted
= uid
== 0 ? q
.bounding
: 0;
2627 if (q
.ambient
== (uint64_t) -1 && ambient_capabilities_supported())
2630 if (capability_quintet_mangle(&q
))
2631 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM
), "Cannot set capabilities that are not in the current bounding set.");
2634 q
= (CapabilityQuintet
) {
2635 .bounding
= arg_caps_retain
,
2636 .effective
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: 0,
2637 .inheritable
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: 0,
2638 .permitted
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: 0,
2639 .ambient
= ambient_capabilities_supported() ? 0 : (uint64_t) -1,
2642 /* If we're not using OCI, proceed with mangled capabilities (so we don't error out)
2643 * in order to maintain the same behavior as systemd < 242. */
2644 if (capability_quintet_mangle(&q
))
2645 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
,
2646 "Some capabilities will not be set because they are not in the current bounding set.");
2650 return capability_quintet_enforce(&q
);
2653 static int reset_audit_loginuid(void) {
2654 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
2657 if ((arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWPID
) == 0)
2660 r
= read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &p
);
2664 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read /proc/self/loginuid: %m");
2666 /* Already reset? */
2667 if (streq(p
, "4294967295"))
2670 r
= write_string_file("/proc/self/loginuid", "4294967295", WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER
);
2673 "Failed to reset audit login UID. This probably means that your kernel is too\n"
2674 "old and you have audit enabled. Note that the auditing subsystem is known to\n"
2675 "be incompatible with containers on old kernels. Please make sure to upgrade\n"
2676 "your kernel or to off auditing with 'audit=0' on the kernel command line before\n"
2677 "using systemd-nspawn. Sleeping for 5s... (%m)");
2685 static int setup_propagate(const char *root
) {
2689 (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/nspawn/", 0755);
2690 (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate", 0600);
2691 p
= strjoina("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate/", arg_machine
);
2692 (void) mkdir_p(p
, 0600);
2694 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/host", 0755, 0, 0);
2696 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/host: %m");
2698 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/host/incoming", 0600, 0, 0);
2700 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/host/incoming: %m");
2702 q
= prefix_roota(root
, "/run/host/incoming");
2703 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, p
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2707 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
, NULL
);
2711 /* machined will MS_MOVE into that directory, and that's only supported for non-shared mounts. */
2712 return mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_SLAVE
, NULL
);
2715 static int setup_machine_id(const char *directory
) {
2716 const char *etc_machine_id
;
2720 /* If the UUID in the container is already set, then that's what counts, and we use. If it isn't set, and the
2721 * caller passed --uuid=, then we'll pass it in the $container_uuid env var to PID 1 of the container. The
2722 * assumption is that PID 1 will then write it to /etc/machine-id to make it persistent. If --uuid= is not
2723 * passed we generate a random UUID, and pass it via $container_uuid. In effect this means that /etc/machine-id
2724 * in the container and our idea of the container UUID will always be in sync (at least if PID 1 in the
2725 * container behaves nicely). */
2727 etc_machine_id
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/etc/machine-id");
2729 r
= id128_read(etc_machine_id
, ID128_PLAIN
, &id
);
2731 if (!IN_SET(r
, -ENOENT
, -ENOMEDIUM
)) /* If the file is missing or empty, we don't mind */
2732 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read machine ID from container image: %m");
2734 if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
)) {
2735 r
= sd_id128_randomize(&arg_uuid
);
2737 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to acquire randomized machine UUID: %m");
2740 if (sd_id128_is_null(id
))
2741 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
2742 "Machine ID in container image is zero, refusing.");
2750 static int recursive_chown(const char *directory
, uid_t shift
, uid_t range
) {
2755 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
|| !arg_userns_chown
)
2758 r
= path_patch_uid(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
2759 if (r
== -EOPNOTSUPP
)
2760 return log_error_errno(r
, "Automatic UID/GID adjusting is only supported for UID/GID ranges starting at multiples of 2^16 with a range of 2^16.");
2762 return log_error_errno(r
, "Upper 16 bits of root directory UID and GID do not match.");
2764 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to adjust UID/GID shift of OS tree: %m");
2766 log_debug("Root directory of image is already owned by the right UID/GID range, skipping recursive chown operation.");
2768 log_debug("Patched directory tree to match UID/GID range.");
2775 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
2776 * container, the container was terminated by a signal, or
2777 * failed for an unknown reason. No change is made to the
2778 * container argument.
2779 * > 0 : The program executed in the container terminated with an
2780 * error. The exit code of the program executed in the
2781 * container is returned. The container argument has been set
2782 * to CONTAINER_TERMINATED.
2783 * 0 : The container is being rebooted, has been shut down or exited
2784 * successfully. The container argument has been set to either
2785 * CONTAINER_TERMINATED or CONTAINER_REBOOTED.
2787 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
2788 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
2790 static int wait_for_container(pid_t pid
, ContainerStatus
*container
) {
2794 r
= wait_for_terminate(pid
, &status
);
2796 return log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to wait for container: %m");
2798 switch (status
.si_code
) {
2801 if (status
.si_status
== 0)
2802 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s exited successfully.", arg_machine
);
2804 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s failed with error code %i.", arg_machine
, status
.si_status
);
2806 *container
= CONTAINER_TERMINATED
;
2807 return status
.si_status
;
2810 if (status
.si_status
== SIGINT
) {
2811 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s has been shut down.", arg_machine
);
2812 *container
= CONTAINER_TERMINATED
;
2815 } else if (status
.si_status
== SIGHUP
) {
2816 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s is being rebooted.", arg_machine
);
2817 *container
= CONTAINER_REBOOTED
;
2823 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
2824 "Container %s terminated by signal %s.", arg_machine
, signal_to_string(status
.si_status
));
2827 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
2828 "Container %s failed due to unknown reason.", arg_machine
);
2832 static int on_orderly_shutdown(sd_event_source
*s
, const struct signalfd_siginfo
*si
, void *userdata
) {
2835 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2837 if (kill(pid
, arg_kill_signal
) >= 0) {
2838 log_info("Trying to halt container. Send SIGTERM again to trigger immediate termination.");
2839 sd_event_source_set_userdata(s
, NULL
);
2844 sd_event_exit(sd_event_source_get_event(s
), 0);
2848 static int on_sigchld(sd_event_source
*s
, const struct signalfd_siginfo
*ssi
, void *userdata
) {
2854 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2859 if (waitid(P_ALL
, 0, &si
, WNOHANG
|WNOWAIT
|WEXITED
) < 0)
2860 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to waitid(): %m");
2861 if (si
.si_pid
== 0) /* No pending children. */
2863 if (si
.si_pid
== pid
) {
2864 /* The main process we care for has exited. Return from
2865 * signal handler but leave the zombie. */
2866 sd_event_exit(sd_event_source_get_event(s
), 0);
2870 /* Reap all other children. */
2871 (void) waitid(P_PID
, si
.si_pid
, &si
, WNOHANG
|WEXITED
);
2877 static int on_request_stop(sd_bus_message
*m
, void *userdata
, sd_bus_error
*error
) {
2882 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2884 if (arg_kill_signal
> 0) {
2885 log_info("Container termination requested. Attempting to halt container.");
2886 (void) kill(pid
, arg_kill_signal
);
2888 log_info("Container termination requested. Exiting.");
2889 sd_event_exit(sd_bus_get_event(sd_bus_message_get_bus(m
)), 0);
2895 static int determine_names(void) {
2898 if (arg_template
&& !arg_directory
&& arg_machine
) {
2900 /* If --template= was specified then we should not
2901 * search for a machine, but instead create a new one
2902 * in /var/lib/machine. */
2904 arg_directory
= path_join("/var/lib/machines", arg_machine
);
2909 if (!arg_image
&& !arg_directory
) {
2911 _cleanup_(image_unrefp
) Image
*i
= NULL
;
2913 r
= image_find(IMAGE_MACHINE
, arg_machine
, &i
);
2915 return log_error_errno(r
, "No image for machine '%s'.", arg_machine
);
2917 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to find image for machine '%s': %m", arg_machine
);
2919 if (IN_SET(i
->type
, IMAGE_RAW
, IMAGE_BLOCK
))
2920 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_image
, i
->path
);
2922 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_directory
, i
->path
);
2927 arg_read_only
= arg_read_only
|| i
->read_only
;
2929 r
= safe_getcwd(&arg_directory
);
2931 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine current directory: %m");
2934 if (!arg_directory
&& !arg_image
)
2935 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Failed to determine path, please use -D or -i.");
2939 if (arg_directory
&& path_equal(arg_directory
, "/"))
2940 arg_machine
= gethostname_malloc();
2945 arg_machine
= strdup(basename(arg_image
));
2947 /* Truncate suffix if there is one */
2948 e
= endswith(arg_machine
, ".raw");
2952 arg_machine
= strdup(basename(arg_directory
));
2957 hostname_cleanup(arg_machine
);
2958 if (!machine_name_is_valid(arg_machine
))
2959 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Failed to determine machine name automatically, please use -M.");
2961 if (arg_ephemeral
) {
2964 /* Add a random suffix when this is an
2965 * ephemeral machine, so that we can run many
2966 * instances at once without manually having
2967 * to specify -M each time. */
2969 if (asprintf(&b
, "%s-%016" PRIx64
, arg_machine
, random_u64()) < 0)
2980 static int chase_symlinks_and_update(char **p
, unsigned flags
) {
2989 r
= chase_symlinks(*p
, NULL
, flags
, &chased
, NULL
);
2991 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve path %s: %m", *p
);
2993 return free_and_replace(*p
, chased
);
2996 static int determine_uid_shift(const char *directory
) {
2999 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
3004 if (arg_uid_shift
== UID_INVALID
) {
3007 r
= stat(directory
, &st
);
3009 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to determine UID base of %s: %m", directory
);
3011 arg_uid_shift
= st
.st_uid
& UINT32_C(0xffff0000);
3013 if (arg_uid_shift
!= (st
.st_gid
& UINT32_C(0xffff0000)))
3014 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
3015 "UID and GID base of %s don't match.", directory
);
3017 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
3020 if (arg_uid_shift
> (uid_t
) -1 - arg_uid_range
)
3021 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
3022 "UID base too high for UID range.");
3027 static unsigned long effective_clone_ns_flags(void) {
3028 unsigned long flags
= arg_clone_ns_flags
;
3030 if (arg_private_network
)
3031 flags
|= CLONE_NEWNET
;
3033 flags
|= CLONE_NEWCGROUP
;
3034 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
3035 flags
|= CLONE_NEWUSER
;
3040 static int patch_sysctl(void) {
3042 /* This table is inspired by runc's sysctl() function */
3043 static const struct {
3046 unsigned long clone_flags
;
3048 { "kernel.hostname", false, CLONE_NEWUTS
},
3049 { "kernel.domainname", false, CLONE_NEWUTS
},
3050 { "kernel.msgmax", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3051 { "kernel.msgmnb", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3052 { "kernel.msgmni", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3053 { "kernel.sem", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3054 { "kernel.shmall", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3055 { "kernel.shmmax", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3056 { "kernel.shmmni", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3057 { "fs.mqueue.", true, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
3058 { "net.", true, CLONE_NEWNET
},
3061 unsigned long flags
;
3065 flags
= effective_clone_ns_flags();
3067 STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(k
, v
, arg_sysctl
) {
3071 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(safe_sysctl
); i
++) {
3073 if (!FLAGS_SET(flags
, safe_sysctl
[i
].clone_flags
))
3076 if (safe_sysctl
[i
].prefix
)
3077 good
= startswith(*k
, safe_sysctl
[i
].key
);
3079 good
= streq(*k
, safe_sysctl
[i
].key
);
3086 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM
), "Refusing to write to sysctl '%s', as it is not safe in the selected namespaces.", *k
);
3088 r
= sysctl_write(*k
, *v
);
3090 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write sysctl '%s': %m", *k
);
3096 static int inner_child(
3098 const char *directory
,
3102 int master_pty_socket
,
3104 char **os_release_pairs
) {
3106 _cleanup_free_
char *home
= NULL
;
3107 char as_uuid
[ID128_UUID_STRING_MAX
];
3109 const char *envp
[] = {
3110 "PATH=" DEFAULT_PATH_COMPAT
,
3111 NULL
, /* container */
3116 NULL
, /* container_uuid */
3117 NULL
, /* LISTEN_FDS */
3118 NULL
, /* LISTEN_PID */
3119 NULL
, /* NOTIFY_SOCKET */
3120 NULL
, /* CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY */
3123 const char *exec_target
;
3124 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **env_use
= NULL
;
3125 int r
, which_failed
;
3127 /* This is the "inner" child process, i.e. the one forked off by the "outer" child process, which is the one
3128 * the container manager itself forked off. At the time of clone() it gained its own CLONE_NEWNS, CLONE_NEWPID,
3129 * CLONE_NEWUTS, CLONE_NEWIPC, CLONE_NEWUSER namespaces. Note that it has its own CLONE_NEWNS namespace,
3130 * separate from the CLONE_NEWNS created for the "outer" child, and also separate from the host's CLONE_NEWNS
3131 * namespace. The reason for having two levels of CLONE_NEWNS namespaces is that the "inner" one is owned by
3132 * the CLONE_NEWUSER namespace of the container, while the "outer" one is owned by the host's CLONE_NEWUSER
3135 * Note at this point we have no CLONE_NEWNET namespace yet. We'll acquire that one later through
3136 * unshare(). See below. */
3140 assert(kmsg_socket
>= 0);
3142 log_debug("Inner child is initializing.");
3144 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
3145 /* Tell the parent, that it now can write the UID map. */
3146 (void) barrier_place(barrier
); /* #1 */
3148 /* Wait until the parent wrote the UID map */
3149 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) /* #2 */
3150 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Parent died too early");
3152 /* Become the new root user inside our namespace */
3153 r
= reset_uid_gid();
3155 return log_error_errno(r
, "Couldn't become new root: %m");
3157 /* Creating a new user namespace means all MS_SHARED mounts become MS_SLAVE. Let's put them
3158 * back to MS_SHARED here, since that's what we want as defaults. (This will not reconnect
3159 * propagation, but simply create new peer groups for all our mounts). */
3160 r
= mount_follow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, "/", NULL
, MS_SHARED
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3166 arg_mount_settings
| MOUNT_IN_USERNS
,
3168 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
3172 if (!arg_network_namespace_path
&& arg_private_network
) {
3173 r
= unshare(CLONE_NEWNET
);
3175 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to unshare network namespace: %m");
3177 /* Tell the parent that it can setup network interfaces. */
3178 (void) barrier_place(barrier
); /* #3 */
3181 r
= mount_sysfs(NULL
, arg_mount_settings
);
3185 /* Wait until we are cgroup-ified, so that we
3186 * can mount the right cgroup path writable */
3187 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) /* #4 */
3188 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
),
3189 "Parent died too early");
3192 r
= unshare(CLONE_NEWCGROUP
);
3194 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to unshare cgroup namespace: %m");
3197 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
,
3198 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
3201 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3204 r
= mount_systemd_cgroup_writable("", arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
);
3208 r
= setup_boot_id();
3212 r
= setup_kmsg(kmsg_socket
);
3215 kmsg_socket
= safe_close(kmsg_socket
);
3220 arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3222 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3223 MOUNT_NON_ROOT_ONLY
| MOUNT_IN_USERNS
);
3228 return log_error_errno(errno
, "setsid() failed: %m");
3230 if (arg_private_network
)
3231 (void) loopback_setup();
3233 if (arg_expose_ports
) {
3234 r
= expose_port_send_rtnl(rtnl_socket
);
3237 rtnl_socket
= safe_close(rtnl_socket
);
3240 if (arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
) {
3241 _cleanup_close_
int master
= -1;
3242 _cleanup_free_
char *console
= NULL
;
3244 /* Allocate a pty and make it available as /dev/console. */
3245 master
= openpt_allocate(O_RDWR
|O_NONBLOCK
, &console
);
3247 return log_error_errno(master
, "Failed to allocate a pty: %m");
3249 r
= setup_dev_console(console
);
3251 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set up /dev/console: %m");
3253 r
= send_one_fd(master_pty_socket
, master
, 0);
3255 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to send master fd: %m");
3256 master_pty_socket
= safe_close(master_pty_socket
);
3258 r
= setup_stdio_as_dev_console();
3267 if (arg_oom_score_adjust_set
) {
3268 r
= set_oom_score_adjust(arg_oom_score_adjust
);
3270 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to adjust OOM score: %m");
3273 if (arg_cpu_set
.set
)
3274 if (sched_setaffinity(0, arg_cpu_set
.allocated
, arg_cpu_set
.set
) < 0)
3275 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
3277 (void) setup_hostname();
3279 if (arg_personality
!= PERSONALITY_INVALID
) {
3280 r
= safe_personality(arg_personality
);
3282 return log_error_errno(r
, "personality() failed: %m");
3283 } else if (secondary
) {
3284 r
= safe_personality(PER_LINUX32
);
3286 return log_error_errno(r
, "personality() failed: %m");
3289 r
= setrlimit_closest_all((const struct rlimit
*const*) arg_rlimit
, &which_failed
);
3291 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to apply resource limit RLIMIT_%s: %m", rlimit_to_string(which_failed
));
3296 if (is_seccomp_available()) {
3298 r
= seccomp_load(arg_seccomp
);
3299 if (ERRNO_IS_SECCOMP_FATAL(r
))
3300 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to install seccomp filter: %m");
3302 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to install seccomp filter: %m");
3307 r
= setup_seccomp(arg_caps_retain
, arg_syscall_allow_list
, arg_syscall_deny_list
);
3313 if (arg_selinux_context
)
3314 if (setexeccon(arg_selinux_context
) < 0)
3315 return log_error_errno(errno
, "setexeccon(\"%s\") failed: %m", arg_selinux_context
);
3318 /* Make sure we keep the caps across the uid/gid dropping, so that we can retain some selected caps
3319 * if we need to later on. */
3320 if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS
, 1) < 0)
3321 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to set PR_SET_KEEPCAPS: %m");
3323 if (uid_is_valid(arg_uid
) || gid_is_valid(arg_gid
))
3324 r
= change_uid_gid_raw(arg_uid
, arg_gid
, arg_supplementary_gids
, arg_n_supplementary_gids
);
3326 r
= change_uid_gid(arg_user
, &home
);
3330 r
= drop_capabilities(getuid());
3332 return log_error_errno(r
, "Dropping capabilities failed: %m");
3334 if (arg_no_new_privileges
)
3335 if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0)
3336 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to disable new privileges: %m");
3338 /* LXC sets container=lxc, so follow the scheme here */
3339 envp
[n_env
++] = strjoina("container=", arg_container_service_name
);
3341 envp
[n_env
] = strv_find_prefix(environ
, "TERM=");
3345 if (home
|| !uid_is_valid(arg_uid
) || arg_uid
== 0)
3346 if (asprintf((char**)(envp
+ n_env
++), "HOME=%s", home
?: "/root") < 0)
3349 if (arg_user
|| !uid_is_valid(arg_uid
) || arg_uid
== 0)
3350 if (asprintf((char**)(envp
+ n_env
++), "USER=%s", arg_user
?: "root") < 0 ||
3351 asprintf((char**)(envp
+ n_env
++), "LOGNAME=%s", arg_user
? arg_user
: "root") < 0)
3354 assert(!sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
));
3356 if (asprintf((char**)(envp
+ n_env
++), "container_uuid=%s", id128_to_uuid_string(arg_uuid
, as_uuid
)) < 0)
3359 if (fdset_size(fds
) > 0) {
3360 r
= fdset_cloexec(fds
, false);
3362 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to unset O_CLOEXEC for file descriptors.");
3364 if ((asprintf((char **)(envp
+ n_env
++), "LISTEN_FDS=%u", fdset_size(fds
)) < 0) ||
3365 (asprintf((char **)(envp
+ n_env
++), "LISTEN_PID=1") < 0))
3368 if (asprintf((char **)(envp
+ n_env
++), "NOTIFY_SOCKET=%s", NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
) < 0)
3371 if (arg_n_credentials
> 0) {
3372 envp
[n_env
] = strdup("CREDENTIALS_DIRECTORY=/run/host/credentials");
3378 env_use
= strv_env_merge(3, envp
, os_release_pairs
, arg_setenv
);
3382 /* Let the parent know that we are ready and
3383 * wait until the parent is ready with the
3385 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) /* #5 */
3386 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Parent died too early");
3389 if (chdir(arg_chdir
) < 0)
3390 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to change to specified working directory %s: %m", arg_chdir
);
3392 if (arg_start_mode
== START_PID2
) {
3393 r
= stub_pid1(arg_uuid
);
3398 if (arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
) {
3399 /* So far our pty wasn't controlled by any process. Finally, it's time to change that, if we
3400 * are configured for that. Acquire it as controlling tty. */
3401 if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO
, TIOCSCTTY
) < 0)
3402 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to acquire controlling TTY: %m");
3405 log_debug("Inner child completed, invoking payload.");
3407 /* Now, explicitly close the log, so that we then can close all remaining fds. Closing the log explicitly first
3408 * has the benefit that the logging subsystem knows about it, and is thus ready to be reopened should we need
3409 * it again. Note that the other fds closed here are at least the locking and barrier fds. */
3411 log_set_open_when_needed(true);
3413 (void) fdset_close_others(fds
);
3415 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
) {
3419 /* Automatically search for the init system */
3421 m
= strv_length(arg_parameters
);
3422 a
= newa(char*, m
+ 2);
3423 memcpy_safe(a
+ 1, arg_parameters
, m
* sizeof(char*));
3426 a
[0] = (char*) "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd";
3427 execve(a
[0], a
, env_use
);
3429 a
[0] = (char*) "/lib/systemd/systemd";
3430 execve(a
[0], a
, env_use
);
3432 a
[0] = (char*) "/sbin/init";
3433 execve(a
[0], a
, env_use
);
3435 exec_target
= "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd, /lib/systemd/systemd, /sbin/init";
3436 } else if (!strv_isempty(arg_parameters
)) {
3437 const char *dollar_path
;
3439 exec_target
= arg_parameters
[0];
3441 /* Use the user supplied search $PATH if there is one, or DEFAULT_PATH_COMPAT if not to search the
3443 dollar_path
= strv_env_get(env_use
, "PATH");
3445 if (setenv("PATH", dollar_path
, 1) < 0)
3446 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to update $PATH: %m");
3449 execvpe(arg_parameters
[0], arg_parameters
, env_use
);
3452 /* If we cannot change the directory, we'll end up in /, that is expected. */
3453 (void) chdir(home
?: "/root");
3455 execle("/bin/bash", "-bash", NULL
, env_use
);
3456 execle("/bin/sh", "-sh", NULL
, env_use
);
3458 exec_target
= "/bin/bash, /bin/sh";
3461 return log_error_errno(errno
, "execv(%s) failed: %m", exec_target
);
3464 static int setup_notify_child(void) {
3465 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
3466 union sockaddr_union sa
= {
3467 .un
.sun_family
= AF_UNIX
,
3468 .un
.sun_path
= NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
,
3472 fd
= socket(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_DGRAM
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
|SOCK_NONBLOCK
, 0);
3474 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to allocate notification socket: %m");
3476 (void) mkdir_parents(NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
, 0755);
3477 (void) sockaddr_un_unlink(&sa
.un
);
3479 r
= bind(fd
, &sa
.sa
, SOCKADDR_UN_LEN(sa
.un
));
3481 return log_error_errno(errno
, "bind(" NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
") failed: %m");
3483 r
= userns_lchown(NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
, 0, 0);
3485 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown " NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
": %m");
3487 r
= setsockopt_int(fd
, SOL_SOCKET
, SO_PASSCRED
, true);
3489 return log_error_errno(r
, "SO_PASSCRED failed: %m");
3494 static int outer_child(
3496 const char *directory
,
3497 DissectedImage
*dissected_image
,
3504 int uid_shift_socket
,
3505 int master_pty_socket
,
3506 int unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
,
3510 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **os_release_pairs
= NULL
;
3511 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
3517 /* This is the "outer" child process, i.e the one forked off by the container manager itself. It already has
3518 * its own CLONE_NEWNS namespace (which was created by the clone()). It still lives in the host's CLONE_NEWPID,
3519 * CLONE_NEWUTS, CLONE_NEWIPC, CLONE_NEWUSER and CLONE_NEWNET namespaces. After it completed a number of
3520 * initializations a second child (the "inner" one) is forked off it, and it exits. */
3524 assert(pid_socket
>= 0);
3525 assert(uuid_socket
>= 0);
3526 assert(notify_socket
>= 0);
3527 assert(master_pty_socket
>= 0);
3528 assert(kmsg_socket
>= 0);
3530 log_debug("Outer child is initializing.");
3532 r
= load_os_release_pairs_with_prefix("/", "container_host_", &os_release_pairs
);
3534 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to read os-release from host for container, ignoring: %m");
3536 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
, SIGKILL
) < 0)
3537 return log_error_errno(errno
, "PR_SET_PDEATHSIG failed: %m");
3539 r
= reset_audit_loginuid();
3543 /* Mark everything as slave, so that we still receive mounts from the real root, but don't propagate
3544 * mounts to the real root. */
3545 r
= mount_follow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, "/", NULL
, MS_SLAVE
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3549 if (dissected_image
) {
3550 /* If we are operating on a disk image, then mount its root directory now, but leave out the rest. We
3551 * can read the UID shift from it if we need to. Further down we'll mount the rest, but then with the
3552 * uid shift known. That way we can mount VFAT file systems shifted to the right place right away. This
3553 * makes sure ESP partitions and userns are compatible. */
3555 r
= dissected_image_mount_and_warn(
3556 dissected_image
, directory
, arg_uid_shift
,
3557 DISSECT_IMAGE_MOUNT_ROOT_ONLY
|DISSECT_IMAGE_DISCARD_ON_LOOP
|
3558 (arg_read_only
? DISSECT_IMAGE_READ_ONLY
: DISSECT_IMAGE_FSCK
)|
3559 (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
? DISSECT_IMAGE_VALIDATE_OS
: 0));
3564 r
= determine_uid_shift(directory
);
3568 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
3569 /* Let the parent know which UID shift we read from the image */
3570 l
= send(uid_shift_socket
, &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof(arg_uid_shift
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3572 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send UID shift: %m");
3573 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uid_shift
))
3574 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3575 "Short write while sending UID shift.");
3577 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
3578 /* When we are supposed to pick the UID shift, the parent will check now whether the UID shift
3579 * we just read from the image is available. If yes, it will send the UID shift back to us, if
3580 * not it will pick a different one, and send it back to us. */
3582 l
= recv(uid_shift_socket
, &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof(arg_uid_shift
), 0);
3584 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to recv UID shift: %m");
3585 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uid_shift
))
3586 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3587 "Short read while receiving UID shift.");
3590 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
,
3591 "Selected user namespace base " UID_FMT
" and range " UID_FMT
".", arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
3594 if (path_equal(directory
, "/")) {
3595 /* If the directory we shall boot is the host, let's operate on a bind mount at a different
3596 * place, so that we can make changes to its mount structure (for example, to implement
3597 * --volatile=) without this interfering with our ability to access files such as
3598 * /etc/localtime to copy into the container. Note that we use a fixed place for this
3599 * (instead of a temporary directory, since we are living in our own mount namspace here
3600 * already, and thus don't need to be afraid of colliding with anyone else's mounts).*/
3601 (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/nspawn-root", 0755);
3603 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, "/", "/run/systemd/nspawn-root", NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3607 directory
= "/run/systemd/nspawn-root";
3610 r
= setup_pivot_root(
3613 arg_pivot_root_old
);
3617 r
= setup_volatile_mode(
3621 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
3628 arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3630 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3635 /* Make sure we always have a mount that we can move to root later on. */
3636 if (!path_is_mount_point(directory
, NULL
, 0)) {
3637 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, directory
, directory
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3642 if (dissected_image
) {
3643 /* Now we know the uid shift, let's now mount everything else that might be in the image. */
3644 r
= dissected_image_mount(dissected_image
, directory
, arg_uid_shift
,
3645 DISSECT_IMAGE_MOUNT_NON_ROOT_ONLY
|DISSECT_IMAGE_DISCARD_ON_LOOP
|(arg_read_only
? DISSECT_IMAGE_READ_ONLY
: DISSECT_IMAGE_FSCK
));
3647 return log_error_errno(r
, "File system check for image failed: %m");
3649 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to mount image file system: %m");
3652 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
) {
3653 /* OK, we don't know yet which cgroup mode to use yet. Let's figure it out, and tell the parent. */
3655 r
= detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_image(directory
);
3659 l
= send(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
, &arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3661 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send cgroup mode: %m");
3662 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
))
3663 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3664 "Short write while sending cgroup mode.");
3666 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
= safe_close(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
);
3669 /* Mark everything as shared so our mounts get propagated down. This is
3670 * required to make new bind mounts available in systemd services
3671 * inside the container that create a new mount namespace.
3672 * See https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3860
3673 * Further submounts (such as /dev) done after this will inherit the
3674 * shared propagation mode.
3676 * IMPORTANT: Do not overmount the root directory anymore from now on to
3677 * enable moving the root directory mount to root later on.
3678 * https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3847#issuecomment-562735251
3680 r
= mount_nofollow_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, directory
, NULL
, MS_SHARED
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3684 r
= recursive_chown(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
3688 r
= base_filesystem_create(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
);
3692 if (arg_read_only
&& arg_volatile_mode
== VOLATILE_NO
&&
3693 !has_custom_root_mount(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
)) {
3694 r
= bind_remount_recursive(directory
, MS_RDONLY
, MS_RDONLY
, NULL
);
3696 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to make tree read-only: %m");
3699 r
= mount_all(directory
,
3702 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
3706 r
= copy_devnodes(directory
);
3710 r
= make_extra_nodes(directory
);
3714 (void) dev_setup(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
);
3716 p
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/run/host");
3717 (void) make_inaccessible_nodes(p
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
);
3719 r
= setup_pts(directory
);
3723 r
= setup_propagate(directory
);
3727 r
= setup_keyring();
3731 r
= setup_credentials(directory
);
3738 arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3740 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3741 MOUNT_NON_ROOT_ONLY
);
3745 r
= setup_timezone(directory
);
3749 r
= setup_resolv_conf(directory
);
3753 r
= setup_machine_id(directory
);
3757 r
= setup_journal(directory
);
3761 /* The same stuff as the $container env var, but nicely readable for the entire payload */
3762 p
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/run/host/container-manager");
3763 (void) write_string_file(p
, arg_container_service_name
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE
);
3765 /* The same stuff as the $container_uuid env var */
3766 p
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/run/host/container-uuid");
3767 (void) write_string_filef(p
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE
, SD_ID128_UUID_FORMAT_STR
, SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(arg_uuid
));
3769 if (!arg_use_cgns
) {
3772 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
,
3773 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
3776 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3782 r
= mount_move_root(directory
);
3784 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to move root directory: %m");
3786 fd
= setup_notify_child();
3790 pid
= raw_clone(SIGCHLD
|CLONE_NEWNS
|
3791 arg_clone_ns_flags
|
3792 (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
? CLONE_NEWUSER
: 0));
3794 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to fork inner child: %m");
3796 pid_socket
= safe_close(pid_socket
);
3797 uuid_socket
= safe_close(uuid_socket
);
3798 notify_socket
= safe_close(notify_socket
);
3799 uid_shift_socket
= safe_close(uid_shift_socket
);
3801 /* The inner child has all namespaces that are requested, so that we all are owned by the
3802 * user if user namespaces are turned on. */
3804 if (arg_network_namespace_path
) {
3805 r
= namespace_enter(-1, -1, netns_fd
, -1, -1);
3807 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to join network namespace: %m");
3810 r
= inner_child(barrier
, directory
, secondary
, kmsg_socket
, rtnl_socket
, master_pty_socket
, fds
, os_release_pairs
);
3812 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
3814 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS
);
3817 l
= send(pid_socket
, &pid
, sizeof(pid
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3819 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send PID: %m");
3820 if (l
!= sizeof(pid
))
3821 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3822 "Short write while sending PID.");
3824 l
= send(uuid_socket
, &arg_uuid
, sizeof(arg_uuid
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3826 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send machine ID: %m");
3827 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uuid
))
3828 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3829 "Short write while sending machine ID.");
3831 l
= send_one_fd(notify_socket
, fd
, 0);
3833 return log_error_errno(l
, "Failed to send notify fd: %m");
3835 pid_socket
= safe_close(pid_socket
);
3836 uuid_socket
= safe_close(uuid_socket
);
3837 notify_socket
= safe_close(notify_socket
);
3838 master_pty_socket
= safe_close(master_pty_socket
);
3839 kmsg_socket
= safe_close(kmsg_socket
);
3840 rtnl_socket
= safe_close(rtnl_socket
);
3841 netns_fd
= safe_close(netns_fd
);
3846 static int uid_shift_pick(uid_t
*shift
, LockFile
*ret_lock_file
) {
3847 bool tried_hashed
= false;
3848 unsigned n_tries
= 100;
3853 assert(ret_lock_file
);
3854 assert(arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
);
3855 assert(arg_uid_range
== 0x10000U
);
3859 (void) mkdir("/run/systemd/nspawn-uid", 0755);
3862 char lock_path
[STRLEN("/run/systemd/nspawn-uid/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t
) + 1];
3863 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile lf
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
3868 if (candidate
< CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
|| candidate
> CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MAX
)
3870 if ((candidate
& UINT32_C(0xFFFF)) != 0)
3873 xsprintf(lock_path
, "/run/systemd/nspawn-uid/" UID_FMT
, candidate
);
3874 r
= make_lock_file(lock_path
, LOCK_EX
|LOCK_NB
, &lf
);
3875 if (r
== -EBUSY
) /* Range already taken by another nspawn instance */
3880 /* Make some superficial checks whether the range is currently known in the user database */
3881 if (getpwuid(candidate
))
3883 if (getpwuid(candidate
+ UINT32_C(0xFFFE)))
3885 if (getgrgid(candidate
))
3887 if (getgrgid(candidate
+ UINT32_C(0xFFFE)))
3890 *ret_lock_file
= lf
;
3891 lf
= (struct LockFile
) LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
3896 if (arg_machine
&& !tried_hashed
) {
3897 /* Try to hash the base from the container name */
3899 static const uint8_t hash_key
[] = {
3900 0xe1, 0x56, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0x4a, 0xf0, 0x41, 0xaf,
3901 0x96, 0x41, 0xcf, 0x41, 0x33, 0x94, 0xff, 0x72
3904 candidate
= (uid_t
) siphash24(arg_machine
, strlen(arg_machine
), hash_key
);
3906 tried_hashed
= true;
3908 random_bytes(&candidate
, sizeof(candidate
));
3910 candidate
= (candidate
% (CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MAX
- CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
)) + CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
;
3911 candidate
&= (uid_t
) UINT32_C(0xFFFF0000);
3915 static int setup_uid_map(pid_t pid
) {
3916 char uid_map
[STRLEN("/proc//uid_map") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t
) + 1], line
[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t
)*3+3+1];
3921 xsprintf(uid_map
, "/proc/" PID_FMT
"/uid_map", pid
);
3922 xsprintf(line
, UID_FMT
" " UID_FMT
" " UID_FMT
"\n", 0, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
3923 r
= write_string_file(uid_map
, line
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER
);
3925 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write UID map: %m");
3927 /* We always assign the same UID and GID ranges */
3928 xsprintf(uid_map
, "/proc/" PID_FMT
"/gid_map", pid
);
3929 r
= write_string_file(uid_map
, line
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER
);
3931 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write GID map: %m");
3936 static int nspawn_dispatch_notify_fd(sd_event_source
*source
, int fd
, uint32_t revents
, void *userdata
) {
3937 char buf
[NOTIFY_BUFFER_MAX
+1];
3939 struct iovec iovec
= {
3941 .iov_len
= sizeof(buf
)-1,
3943 CMSG_BUFFER_TYPE(CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct ucred
)) +
3944 CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int) * NOTIFY_FD_MAX
)) control
;
3945 struct msghdr msghdr
= {
3948 .msg_control
= &control
,
3949 .msg_controllen
= sizeof(control
),
3951 struct ucred
*ucred
;
3953 pid_t inner_child_pid
;
3954 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **tags
= NULL
;
3958 inner_child_pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
3960 if (revents
!= EPOLLIN
) {
3961 log_warning("Got unexpected poll event for notify fd.");
3965 n
= recvmsg_safe(fd
, &msghdr
, MSG_DONTWAIT
|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC
);
3966 if (IN_SET(n
, -EAGAIN
, -EINTR
))
3969 return log_warning_errno(n
, "Couldn't read notification socket: %m");
3971 cmsg_close_all(&msghdr
);
3973 ucred
= CMSG_FIND_DATA(&msghdr
, SOL_SOCKET
, SCM_CREDENTIALS
, struct ucred
);
3974 if (!ucred
|| ucred
->pid
!= inner_child_pid
) {
3975 log_debug("Received notify message without valid credentials. Ignoring.");
3979 if ((size_t) n
>= sizeof(buf
)) {
3980 log_warning("Received notify message exceeded maximum size. Ignoring.");
3985 tags
= strv_split(buf
, "\n\r");
3989 if (strv_find(tags
, "READY=1"))
3990 (void) sd_notifyf(false, "READY=1\n");
3992 p
= strv_find_startswith(tags
, "STATUS=");
3994 (void) sd_notifyf(false, "STATUS=Container running: %s", p
);
3999 static int setup_notify_parent(sd_event
*event
, int fd
, pid_t
*inner_child_pid
, sd_event_source
**notify_event_source
) {
4002 r
= sd_event_add_io(event
, notify_event_source
, fd
, EPOLLIN
, nspawn_dispatch_notify_fd
, inner_child_pid
);
4004 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to allocate notify event source: %m");
4006 (void) sd_event_source_set_description(*notify_event_source
, "nspawn-notify");
4011 static int merge_settings(Settings
*settings
, const char *path
) {
4017 /* Copy over bits from the settings, unless they have been explicitly masked by command line switches. Note
4018 * that this steals the fields of the Settings* structure, and hence modifies it. */
4020 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_START_MODE
) == 0 &&
4021 settings
->start_mode
>= 0) {
4022 arg_start_mode
= settings
->start_mode
;
4023 strv_free_and_replace(arg_parameters
, settings
->parameters
);
4026 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_EPHEMERAL
) == 0)
4027 arg_ephemeral
= settings
->ephemeral
;
4029 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_DIRECTORY
) == 0 &&
4032 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4033 log_warning("Ignoring root directory setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4035 free_and_replace(arg_directory
, settings
->root
);
4038 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_PIVOT_ROOT
) == 0 &&
4039 settings
->pivot_root_new
) {
4040 free_and_replace(arg_pivot_root_new
, settings
->pivot_root_new
);
4041 free_and_replace(arg_pivot_root_old
, settings
->pivot_root_old
);
4044 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_WORKING_DIRECTORY
) == 0 &&
4045 settings
->working_directory
)
4046 free_and_replace(arg_chdir
, settings
->working_directory
);
4048 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_ENVIRONMENT
) == 0 &&
4049 settings
->environment
)
4050 strv_free_and_replace(arg_setenv
, settings
->environment
);
4052 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USER
) == 0) {
4055 free_and_replace(arg_user
, settings
->user
);
4057 if (uid_is_valid(settings
->uid
))
4058 arg_uid
= settings
->uid
;
4059 if (gid_is_valid(settings
->gid
))
4060 arg_gid
= settings
->gid
;
4061 if (settings
->n_supplementary_gids
> 0) {
4062 free_and_replace(arg_supplementary_gids
, settings
->supplementary_gids
);
4063 arg_n_supplementary_gids
= settings
->n_supplementary_gids
;
4067 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CAPABILITY
) == 0) {
4068 uint64_t plus
, minus
;
4069 uint64_t network_minus
= 0;
4071 /* Note that we copy both the simple plus/minus caps here, and the full quintet from the
4072 * Settings structure */
4074 plus
= settings
->capability
;
4075 minus
= settings
->drop_capability
;
4077 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NETWORK
) == 0) {
4078 if (settings_private_network(settings
))
4079 plus
|= UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN
;
4081 network_minus
|= UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN
;
4084 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& plus
!= 0) {
4085 if (settings
->capability
!= 0)
4086 log_warning("Ignoring Capability= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4088 arg_caps_retain
&= ~network_minus
;
4089 arg_caps_retain
|= plus
;
4092 arg_caps_retain
&= ~minus
;
4094 /* Copy the full capabilities over too */
4095 if (capability_quintet_is_set(&settings
->full_capabilities
)) {
4096 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4097 log_warning("Ignoring capability settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4099 arg_full_capabilities
= settings
->full_capabilities
;
4103 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_KILL_SIGNAL
) == 0 &&
4104 settings
->kill_signal
> 0)
4105 arg_kill_signal
= settings
->kill_signal
;
4107 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_PERSONALITY
) == 0 &&
4108 settings
->personality
!= PERSONALITY_INVALID
)
4109 arg_personality
= settings
->personality
;
4111 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_MACHINE_ID
) == 0 &&
4112 !sd_id128_is_null(settings
->machine_id
)) {
4114 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4115 log_warning("Ignoring MachineID= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4117 arg_uuid
= settings
->machine_id
;
4120 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_READ_ONLY
) == 0 &&
4121 settings
->read_only
>= 0)
4122 arg_read_only
= settings
->read_only
;
4124 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_VOLATILE_MODE
) == 0 &&
4125 settings
->volatile_mode
!= _VOLATILE_MODE_INVALID
)
4126 arg_volatile_mode
= settings
->volatile_mode
;
4128 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
) == 0 &&
4129 settings
->n_custom_mounts
> 0) {
4131 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4132 log_warning("Ignoring TemporaryFileSystem=, Bind= and BindReadOnly= settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4134 custom_mount_free_all(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
4135 arg_custom_mounts
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->custom_mounts
);
4136 arg_n_custom_mounts
= settings
->n_custom_mounts
;
4137 settings
->n_custom_mounts
= 0;
4141 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NETWORK
) == 0 &&
4142 (settings
->private_network
>= 0 ||
4143 settings
->network_veth
>= 0 ||
4144 settings
->network_bridge
||
4145 settings
->network_zone
||
4146 settings
->network_interfaces
||
4147 settings
->network_macvlan
||
4148 settings
->network_ipvlan
||
4149 settings
->network_veth_extra
||
4150 settings
->network_namespace_path
)) {
4152 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4153 log_warning("Ignoring network settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4155 arg_network_veth
= settings_network_veth(settings
);
4156 arg_private_network
= settings_private_network(settings
);
4158 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_interfaces
, settings
->network_interfaces
);
4159 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_macvlan
, settings
->network_macvlan
);
4160 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_ipvlan
, settings
->network_ipvlan
);
4161 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_veth_extra
, settings
->network_veth_extra
);
4163 free_and_replace(arg_network_bridge
, settings
->network_bridge
);
4164 free_and_replace(arg_network_zone
, settings
->network_zone
);
4166 free_and_replace(arg_network_namespace_path
, settings
->network_namespace_path
);
4170 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_EXPOSE_PORTS
) == 0 &&
4171 settings
->expose_ports
) {
4173 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4174 log_warning("Ignoring Port= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4176 expose_port_free_all(arg_expose_ports
);
4177 arg_expose_ports
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->expose_ports
);
4181 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USERNS
) == 0 &&
4182 settings
->userns_mode
!= _USER_NAMESPACE_MODE_INVALID
) {
4184 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4185 log_warning("Ignoring PrivateUsers= and PrivateUsersChown= settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4187 arg_userns_mode
= settings
->userns_mode
;
4188 arg_uid_shift
= settings
->uid_shift
;
4189 arg_uid_range
= settings
->uid_range
;
4190 arg_userns_chown
= settings
->userns_chown
;
4194 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NOTIFY_READY
) == 0)
4195 arg_notify_ready
= settings
->notify_ready
;
4197 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_SYSCALL_FILTER
) == 0) {
4199 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& !strv_isempty(settings
->syscall_allow_list
))
4200 log_warning("Ignoring SystemCallFilter= settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4202 strv_free_and_replace(arg_syscall_allow_list
, settings
->syscall_allow_list
);
4203 strv_free_and_replace(arg_syscall_deny_list
, settings
->syscall_deny_list
);
4207 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& settings
->seccomp
)
4208 log_warning("Ignoring SECCOMP filter, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
4210 seccomp_release(arg_seccomp
);
4211 arg_seccomp
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->seccomp
);
4216 for (rl
= 0; rl
< _RLIMIT_MAX
; rl
++) {
4217 if ((arg_settings_mask
& (SETTING_RLIMIT_FIRST
<< rl
)))
4220 if (!settings
->rlimit
[rl
])
4223 if (!arg_settings_trusted
) {
4224 log_warning("Ignoring Limit%s= setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", rlimit_to_string(rl
), path
);
4228 free_and_replace(arg_rlimit
[rl
], settings
->rlimit
[rl
]);
4231 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_HOSTNAME
) == 0 &&
4233 free_and_replace(arg_hostname
, settings
->hostname
);
4235 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
) == 0 &&
4236 settings
->no_new_privileges
>= 0)
4237 arg_no_new_privileges
= settings
->no_new_privileges
;
4239 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
) == 0 &&
4240 settings
->oom_score_adjust_set
) {
4242 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4243 log_warning("Ignoring OOMScoreAdjust= setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4245 arg_oom_score_adjust
= settings
->oom_score_adjust
;
4246 arg_oom_score_adjust_set
= true;
4250 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CPU_AFFINITY
) == 0 &&
4251 settings
->cpu_set
.set
) {
4253 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4254 log_warning("Ignoring CPUAffinity= setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4256 cpu_set_reset(&arg_cpu_set
);
4257 arg_cpu_set
= settings
->cpu_set
;
4258 settings
->cpu_set
= (CPUSet
) {};
4262 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_RESOLV_CONF
) == 0 &&
4263 settings
->resolv_conf
!= _RESOLV_CONF_MODE_INVALID
)
4264 arg_resolv_conf
= settings
->resolv_conf
;
4266 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_LINK_JOURNAL
) == 0 &&
4267 settings
->link_journal
!= _LINK_JOURNAL_INVALID
) {
4269 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4270 log_warning("Ignoring journal link setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4272 arg_link_journal
= settings
->link_journal
;
4273 arg_link_journal_try
= settings
->link_journal_try
;
4277 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_TIMEZONE
) == 0 &&
4278 settings
->timezone
!= _TIMEZONE_MODE_INVALID
)
4279 arg_timezone
= settings
->timezone
;
4281 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_SLICE
) == 0 &&
4284 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4285 log_warning("Ignoring slice setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4287 free_and_replace(arg_slice
, settings
->slice
);
4290 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USE_CGNS
) == 0 &&
4291 settings
->use_cgns
>= 0) {
4293 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4294 log_warning("Ignoring cgroup namespace setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4296 arg_use_cgns
= settings
->use_cgns
;
4299 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CLONE_NS_FLAGS
) == 0 &&
4300 settings
->clone_ns_flags
!= (unsigned long) -1) {
4302 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4303 log_warning("Ignoring namespace setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4305 arg_clone_ns_flags
= settings
->clone_ns_flags
;
4308 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CONSOLE_MODE
) == 0 &&
4309 settings
->console_mode
>= 0) {
4311 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
4312 log_warning("Ignoring console mode setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
4314 arg_console_mode
= settings
->console_mode
;
4317 /* The following properties can only be set through the OCI settings logic, not from the command line, hence we
4318 * don't consult arg_settings_mask for them. */
4320 sd_bus_message_unref(arg_property_message
);
4321 arg_property_message
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->properties
);
4323 arg_console_width
= settings
->console_width
;
4324 arg_console_height
= settings
->console_height
;
4326 device_node_array_free(arg_extra_nodes
, arg_n_extra_nodes
);
4327 arg_extra_nodes
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->extra_nodes
);
4328 arg_n_extra_nodes
= settings
->n_extra_nodes
;
4333 static int load_settings(void) {
4334 _cleanup_(settings_freep
) Settings
*settings
= NULL
;
4335 _cleanup_fclose_
FILE *f
= NULL
;
4336 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
4343 /* If all settings are masked, there's no point in looking for
4344 * the settings file */
4345 if ((arg_settings_mask
& _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL
) == _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL
)
4348 fn
= strjoina(arg_machine
, ".nspawn");
4350 /* We first look in the admin's directories in /etc and /run */
4351 FOREACH_STRING(i
, "/etc/systemd/nspawn", "/run/systemd/nspawn") {
4352 _cleanup_free_
char *j
= NULL
;
4354 j
= path_join(i
, fn
);
4362 /* By default, we trust configuration from /etc and /run */
4363 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
4364 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
4369 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
4370 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open %s: %m", j
);
4374 /* After that, let's look for a file next to the
4375 * actual image we shall boot. */
4378 p
= file_in_same_dir(arg_image
, fn
);
4381 } else if (arg_directory
&& !path_equal(arg_directory
, "/")) {
4382 p
= file_in_same_dir(arg_directory
, fn
);
4389 if (!f
&& errno
!= ENOENT
)
4390 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open %s: %m", p
);
4392 /* By default, we do not trust configuration from /var/lib/machines */
4393 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
4394 arg_settings_trusted
= false;
4401 log_debug("Settings are trusted: %s", yes_no(arg_settings_trusted
));
4403 r
= settings_load(f
, p
, &settings
);
4407 return merge_settings(settings
, p
);
4410 static int load_oci_bundle(void) {
4411 _cleanup_(settings_freep
) Settings
*settings
= NULL
;
4414 if (!arg_oci_bundle
)
4417 /* By default let's trust OCI bundles */
4418 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
4419 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
4421 r
= oci_load(NULL
, arg_oci_bundle
, &settings
);
4425 return merge_settings(settings
, arg_oci_bundle
);
4428 static int run_container(
4429 DissectedImage
*dissected_image
,
4432 char veth_name
[IFNAMSIZ
], bool *veth_created
,
4433 union in_addr_union
*exposed
,
4434 int *master
, pid_t
*pid
, int *ret
) {
4436 static const struct sigaction sa
= {
4437 .sa_handler
= nop_signal_handler
,
4438 .sa_flags
= SA_NOCLDSTOP
|SA_RESTART
,
4441 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile uid_shift_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
4442 _cleanup_close_
int etc_passwd_lock
= -1;
4443 _cleanup_close_pair_
int
4444 kmsg_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4445 rtnl_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4446 pid_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4447 uuid_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4448 notify_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4449 uid_shift_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4450 master_pty_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4451 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1};
4453 _cleanup_close_
int notify_socket
= -1;
4454 _cleanup_(barrier_destroy
) Barrier barrier
= BARRIER_NULL
;
4455 _cleanup_(sd_event_source_unrefp
) sd_event_source
*notify_event_source
= NULL
;
4456 _cleanup_(sd_event_unrefp
) sd_event
*event
= NULL
;
4457 _cleanup_(pty_forward_freep
) PTYForward
*forward
= NULL
;
4458 _cleanup_(sd_netlink_unrefp
) sd_netlink
*rtnl
= NULL
;
4459 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp
) sd_bus
*bus
= NULL
;
4460 ContainerStatus container_status
= 0;
4464 _cleanup_close_
int child_netns_fd
= -1;
4466 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask_chld
) == 0);
4467 assert_se(sigaddset(&mask_chld
, SIGCHLD
) == 0);
4469 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
4470 /* When we shall pick the UID/GID range, let's first lock /etc/passwd, so that we can safely
4471 * check with getpwuid() if the specific user already exists. Note that /etc might be
4472 * read-only, in which case this will fail with EROFS. But that's really OK, as in that case we
4473 * can be reasonably sure that no users are going to be added. Note that getpwuid() checks are
4474 * really just an extra safety net. We kinda assume that the UID range we allocate from is
4477 etc_passwd_lock
= take_etc_passwd_lock(NULL
);
4478 if (etc_passwd_lock
< 0 && etc_passwd_lock
!= -EROFS
)
4479 return log_error_errno(etc_passwd_lock
, "Failed to take /etc/passwd lock: %m");
4482 r
= barrier_create(&barrier
);
4484 return log_error_errno(r
, "Cannot initialize IPC barrier: %m");
4486 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, kmsg_socket_pair
) < 0)
4487 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create kmsg socket pair: %m");
4489 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, rtnl_socket_pair
) < 0)
4490 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create rtnl socket pair: %m");
4492 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, pid_socket_pair
) < 0)
4493 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create pid socket pair: %m");
4495 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, uuid_socket_pair
) < 0)
4496 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create id socket pair: %m");
4498 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, notify_socket_pair
) < 0)
4499 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create notify socket pair: %m");
4501 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, master_pty_socket_pair
) < 0)
4502 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create console socket pair: %m");
4504 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
4505 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, uid_shift_socket_pair
) < 0)
4506 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create uid shift socket pair: %m");
4508 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
)
4509 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
) < 0)
4510 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create unified cgroup socket pair: %m");
4512 /* Child can be killed before execv(), so handle SIGCHLD in order to interrupt
4513 * parent's blocking calls and give it a chance to call wait() and terminate. */
4514 r
= sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK
, &mask_chld
, NULL
);
4516 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to change the signal mask: %m");
4518 r
= sigaction(SIGCHLD
, &sa
, NULL
);
4520 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to install SIGCHLD handler: %m");
4522 if (arg_network_namespace_path
) {
4523 child_netns_fd
= open(arg_network_namespace_path
, O_RDONLY
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4524 if (child_netns_fd
< 0)
4525 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Cannot open file %s: %m", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4527 r
= fd_is_network_ns(child_netns_fd
);
4529 log_debug_errno(r
, "Cannot determine if passed network namespace path '%s' really refers to a network namespace, assuming it does.", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4531 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to check %s fs type: %m", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4533 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
4534 "Path %s doesn't refer to a network namespace, refusing.", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4537 *pid
= raw_clone(SIGCHLD
|CLONE_NEWNS
);
4539 return log_error_errno(errno
, "clone() failed%s: %m",
4541 ", do you have namespace support enabled in your kernel? (You need UTS, IPC, PID and NET namespacing built in)" : "");
4544 /* The outer child only has a file system namespace. */
4545 barrier_set_role(&barrier
, BARRIER_CHILD
);
4547 kmsg_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair
[0]);
4548 rtnl_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(rtnl_socket_pair
[0]);
4549 pid_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(pid_socket_pair
[0]);
4550 uuid_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(uuid_socket_pair
[0]);
4551 notify_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(notify_socket_pair
[0]);
4552 master_pty_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(master_pty_socket_pair
[0]);
4553 uid_shift_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(uid_shift_socket_pair
[0]);
4554 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[0]);
4556 (void) reset_all_signal_handlers();
4557 (void) reset_signal_mask();
4559 r
= outer_child(&barrier
,
4564 uuid_socket_pair
[1],
4565 notify_socket_pair
[1],
4566 kmsg_socket_pair
[1],
4567 rtnl_socket_pair
[1],
4568 uid_shift_socket_pair
[1],
4569 master_pty_socket_pair
[1],
4570 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[1],
4574 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
4576 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS
);
4579 barrier_set_role(&barrier
, BARRIER_PARENT
);
4583 kmsg_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair
[1]);
4584 rtnl_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(rtnl_socket_pair
[1]);
4585 pid_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(pid_socket_pair
[1]);
4586 uuid_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(uuid_socket_pair
[1]);
4587 notify_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(notify_socket_pair
[1]);
4588 master_pty_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(master_pty_socket_pair
[1]);
4589 uid_shift_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(uid_shift_socket_pair
[1]);
4590 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[1]);
4592 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
4593 /* The child just let us know the UID shift it might have read from the image. */
4594 l
= recv(uid_shift_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof arg_uid_shift
, 0);
4596 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read UID shift: %m");
4597 if (l
!= sizeof arg_uid_shift
)
4598 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading UID shift.");
4600 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
4601 /* If we are supposed to pick the UID shift, let's try to use the shift read from the
4602 * image, but if that's already in use, pick a new one, and report back to the child,
4603 * which one we now picked. */
4605 r
= uid_shift_pick(&arg_uid_shift
, &uid_shift_lock
);
4607 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to pick suitable UID/GID range: %m");
4609 l
= send(uid_shift_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof arg_uid_shift
, MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
4611 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send UID shift: %m");
4612 if (l
!= sizeof arg_uid_shift
)
4613 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short write while writing UID shift.");
4617 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
) {
4618 /* The child let us know the support cgroup mode it might have read from the image. */
4619 l
= recv(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[0], &arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
), 0);
4621 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read cgroup mode: %m");
4622 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
))
4623 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading cgroup mode (%zu bytes).%s",
4624 l
, l
== 0 ? " The child is most likely dead." : "");
4627 /* Wait for the outer child. */
4628 r
= wait_for_terminate_and_check("(sd-namespace)", *pid
, WAIT_LOG_ABNORMAL
);
4631 if (r
!= EXIT_SUCCESS
)
4634 /* And now retrieve the PID of the inner child. */
4635 l
= recv(pid_socket_pair
[0], pid
, sizeof *pid
, 0);
4637 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read inner child PID: %m");
4638 if (l
!= sizeof *pid
)
4639 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading inner child PID.");
4641 /* We also retrieve container UUID in case it was generated by outer child */
4642 l
= recv(uuid_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uuid
, sizeof arg_uuid
, 0);
4644 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read container machine ID: %m");
4645 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uuid
))
4646 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading container machined ID.");
4648 /* We also retrieve the socket used for notifications generated by outer child */
4649 notify_socket
= receive_one_fd(notify_socket_pair
[0], 0);
4650 if (notify_socket
< 0)
4651 return log_error_errno(notify_socket
,
4652 "Failed to receive notification socket from the outer child: %m");
4654 log_debug("Init process invoked as PID "PID_FMT
, *pid
);
4656 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
4657 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) /* #1 */
4658 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Child died too early.");
4660 r
= setup_uid_map(*pid
);
4664 (void) barrier_place(&barrier
); /* #2 */
4667 if (arg_private_network
) {
4668 if (!arg_network_namespace_path
) {
4669 /* Wait until the child has unshared its network namespace. */
4670 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) /* #3 */
4671 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Child died too early");
4674 if (child_netns_fd
< 0) {
4675 /* Make sure we have an open file descriptor to the child's network
4676 * namespace so it stays alive even if the child exits. */
4677 r
= namespace_open(*pid
, NULL
, NULL
, &child_netns_fd
, NULL
, NULL
);
4679 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open child network namespace: %m");
4682 r
= move_network_interfaces(child_netns_fd
, arg_network_interfaces
);
4686 if (arg_network_veth
) {
4687 r
= setup_veth(arg_machine
, *pid
, veth_name
,
4688 arg_network_bridge
|| arg_network_zone
);
4694 if (arg_network_bridge
) {
4695 /* Add the interface to a bridge */
4696 r
= setup_bridge(veth_name
, arg_network_bridge
, false);
4701 } else if (arg_network_zone
) {
4702 /* Add the interface to a bridge, possibly creating it */
4703 r
= setup_bridge(veth_name
, arg_network_zone
, true);
4711 r
= setup_veth_extra(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
4715 /* We created the primary and extra veth links now; let's remember this, so that we know to
4716 remove them later on. Note that we don't bother with removing veth links that were created
4717 here when their setup failed half-way, because in that case the kernel should be able to
4718 remove them on its own, since they cannot be referenced by anything yet. */
4719 *veth_created
= true;
4721 r
= setup_macvlan(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_macvlan
);
4725 r
= setup_ipvlan(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_ipvlan
);
4730 if (arg_register
|| !arg_keep_unit
) {
4731 r
= sd_bus_default_system(&bus
);
4733 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open system bus: %m");
4735 r
= sd_bus_set_close_on_exit(bus
, false);
4737 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to disable close-on-exit behaviour: %m");
4740 if (!arg_keep_unit
) {
4741 /* When a new scope is created for this container, then we'll be registered as its controller, in which
4742 * case PID 1 will send us a friendly RequestStop signal, when it is asked to terminate the
4743 * scope. Let's hook into that, and cleanly shut down the container, and print a friendly message. */
4745 r
= sd_bus_match_signal_async(
4748 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
4750 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Scope",
4752 on_request_stop
, NULL
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
4754 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to request RequestStop match: %m");
4758 r
= register_machine(
4766 arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
,
4769 arg_property_message
,
4771 arg_container_service_name
);
4775 } else if (!arg_keep_unit
) {
4781 arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
,
4784 arg_property_message
);
4788 } else if (arg_slice
|| arg_property
)
4789 log_notice("Machine and scope registration turned off, --slice= and --property= settings will have no effect.");
4791 r
= create_subcgroup(*pid
, arg_keep_unit
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
);
4795 r
= sync_cgroup(*pid
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, arg_uid_shift
);
4799 r
= chown_cgroup(*pid
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, arg_uid_shift
);
4803 /* Notify the child that the parent is ready with all
4804 * its setup (including cgroup-ification), and that
4805 * the child can now hand over control to the code to
4806 * run inside the container. */
4807 (void) barrier_place(&barrier
); /* #4 */
4809 /* Block SIGCHLD here, before notifying child.
4810 * process_pty() will handle it with the other signals. */
4811 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK
, &mask_chld
, NULL
) >= 0);
4813 /* Reset signal to default */
4814 r
= default_signals(SIGCHLD
, -1);
4816 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to reset SIGCHLD: %m");
4818 r
= sd_event_new(&event
);
4820 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to get default event source: %m");
4822 (void) sd_event_set_watchdog(event
, true);
4825 r
= sd_bus_attach_event(bus
, event
, 0);
4827 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to attach bus to event loop: %m");
4830 r
= setup_notify_parent(event
, notify_socket
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
), ¬ify_event_source
);
4834 /* Let the child know that we are ready and wait that the child is completely ready now. */
4835 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) /* #5 */
4836 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Child died too early.");
4838 /* At this point we have made use of the UID we picked, and thus nss-systemd/systemd-machined.service
4839 * will make them appear in getpwuid(), thus we can release the /etc/passwd lock. */
4840 etc_passwd_lock
= safe_close(etc_passwd_lock
);
4842 (void) sd_notifyf(false,
4843 "STATUS=Container running.\n"
4844 "X_NSPAWN_LEADER_PID=" PID_FMT
, *pid
);
4845 if (!arg_notify_ready
)
4846 (void) sd_notify(false, "READY=1\n");
4848 if (arg_kill_signal
> 0) {
4849 /* Try to kill the init system on SIGINT or SIGTERM */
4850 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGINT
, on_orderly_shutdown
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
4851 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGTERM
, on_orderly_shutdown
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
4853 /* Immediately exit */
4854 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGINT
, NULL
, NULL
);
4855 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGTERM
, NULL
, NULL
);
4858 /* Exit when the child exits */
4859 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGCHLD
, on_sigchld
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
4861 if (arg_expose_ports
) {
4862 r
= expose_port_watch_rtnl(event
, rtnl_socket_pair
[0], on_address_change
, exposed
, &rtnl
);
4866 (void) expose_port_execute(rtnl
, arg_expose_ports
, exposed
);
4869 rtnl_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(rtnl_socket_pair
[0]);
4871 if (arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
) {
4872 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
4873 PTYForwardFlags flags
= 0;
4875 /* Retrieve the master pty allocated by inner child */
4876 fd
= receive_one_fd(master_pty_socket_pair
[0], 0);
4878 return log_error_errno(fd
, "Failed to receive master pty from the inner child: %m");
4880 switch (arg_console_mode
) {
4882 case CONSOLE_READ_ONLY
:
4883 flags
|= PTY_FORWARD_READ_ONLY
;
4887 case CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
:
4888 flags
|= PTY_FORWARD_IGNORE_VHANGUP
;
4890 r
= pty_forward_new(event
, fd
, flags
, &forward
);
4892 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create PTY forwarder: %m");
4894 if (arg_console_width
!= (unsigned) -1 || arg_console_height
!= (unsigned) -1)
4895 (void) pty_forward_set_width_height(forward
,
4897 arg_console_height
);
4901 assert(arg_console_mode
== CONSOLE_PASSIVE
);
4904 *master
= TAKE_FD(fd
);
4907 r
= sd_event_loop(event
);
4909 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to run event loop: %m");
4914 (void) pty_forward_get_last_char(forward
, &last_char
);
4915 forward
= pty_forward_free(forward
);
4917 if (!arg_quiet
&& last_char
!= '\n')
4921 /* Kill if it is not dead yet anyway */
4922 if (!arg_register
&& !arg_keep_unit
&& bus
)
4923 terminate_scope(bus
, arg_machine
);
4925 /* Normally redundant, but better safe than sorry */
4926 (void) kill(*pid
, SIGKILL
);
4928 if (arg_private_network
) {
4929 /* Move network interfaces back to the parent network namespace. We use `safe_fork`
4930 * to avoid having to move the parent to the child network namespace. */
4931 r
= safe_fork(NULL
, FORK_RESET_SIGNALS
|FORK_DEATHSIG
|FORK_WAIT
|FORK_LOG
, NULL
);
4936 _cleanup_close_
int parent_netns_fd
= -1;
4938 r
= namespace_open(getpid(), NULL
, NULL
, &parent_netns_fd
, NULL
, NULL
);
4940 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open parent network namespace: %m");
4941 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
4944 r
= namespace_enter(-1, -1, child_netns_fd
, -1, -1);
4946 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to enter child network namespace: %m");
4947 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
4950 r
= move_network_interfaces(parent_netns_fd
, arg_network_interfaces
);
4952 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to move network interfaces back to parent network namespace: %m");
4954 _exit(r
< 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE
: EXIT_SUCCESS
);
4958 r
= wait_for_container(*pid
, &container_status
);
4961 /* Tell machined that we are gone. */
4963 (void) unregister_machine(bus
, arg_machine
);
4966 /* We failed to wait for the container, or the container exited abnormally. */
4968 if (r
> 0 || container_status
== CONTAINER_TERMINATED
) {
4969 /* r > 0 → The container exited with a non-zero status.
4970 * As a special case, we need to replace 133 with a different value,
4971 * because 133 is special-cased in the service file to reboot the container.
4972 * otherwise → The container exited with zero status and a reboot was not requested.
4974 if (r
== EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
)
4975 r
= EXIT_FAILURE
; /* replace 133 with the general failure code */
4977 return 0; /* finito */
4980 /* CONTAINER_REBOOTED, loop again */
4982 if (arg_keep_unit
) {
4983 /* Special handling if we are running as a service: instead of simply
4984 * restarting the machine we want to restart the entire service, so let's
4985 * inform systemd about this with the special exit code 133. The service
4986 * file uses RestartForceExitStatus=133 so that this results in a full
4987 * nspawn restart. This is necessary since we might have cgroup parameters
4988 * set we want to have flushed out. */
4989 *ret
= EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
;
4990 return 0; /* finito */
4993 expose_port_flush(arg_expose_ports
, exposed
);
4995 (void) remove_veth_links(veth_name
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
4996 *veth_created
= false;
4997 return 1; /* loop again */
5000 static int initialize_rlimits(void) {
5001 /* The default resource limits the kernel passes to PID 1, as per kernel 4.16. Let's pass our container payload
5002 * the same values as the kernel originally passed to PID 1, in order to minimize differences between host and
5003 * container execution environments. */
5005 static const struct rlimit kernel_defaults
[_RLIMIT_MAX
] = {
5006 [RLIMIT_AS
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5007 [RLIMIT_CORE
] = { 0, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5008 [RLIMIT_CPU
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5009 [RLIMIT_DATA
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5010 [RLIMIT_FSIZE
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5011 [RLIMIT_LOCKS
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5012 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
] = { 65536, 65536 },
5013 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE
] = { 819200, 819200 },
5014 [RLIMIT_NICE
] = { 0, 0 },
5015 [RLIMIT_NOFILE
] = { 1024, 4096 },
5016 [RLIMIT_RSS
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5017 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO
] = { 0, 0 },
5018 [RLIMIT_RTTIME
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5019 [RLIMIT_STACK
] = { 8388608, RLIM_INFINITY
},
5021 /* The kernel scales the default for RLIMIT_NPROC and RLIMIT_SIGPENDING based on the system's amount of
5022 * RAM. To provide best compatibility we'll read these limits off PID 1 instead of hardcoding them
5023 * here. This is safe as we know that PID 1 doesn't change these two limits and thus the original
5024 * kernel's initialization should still be valid during runtime — at least if PID 1 is systemd. Note
5025 * that PID 1 changes a number of other resource limits during early initialization which is why we
5026 * don't read the other limits from PID 1 but prefer the static table above. */
5031 for (rl
= 0; rl
< _RLIMIT_MAX
; rl
++) {
5032 /* Let's only fill in what the user hasn't explicitly configured anyway */
5033 if ((arg_settings_mask
& (SETTING_RLIMIT_FIRST
<< rl
)) == 0) {
5034 const struct rlimit
*v
;
5035 struct rlimit buffer
;
5037 if (IN_SET(rl
, RLIMIT_NPROC
, RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
)) {
5038 /* For these two let's read the limits off PID 1. See above for an explanation. */
5040 if (prlimit(1, rl
, NULL
, &buffer
) < 0)
5041 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read resource limit RLIMIT_%s of PID 1: %m", rlimit_to_string(rl
));
5045 v
= kernel_defaults
+ rl
;
5047 arg_rlimit
[rl
] = newdup(struct rlimit
, v
, 1);
5048 if (!arg_rlimit
[rl
])
5052 if (DEBUG_LOGGING
) {
5053 _cleanup_free_
char *k
= NULL
;
5055 (void) rlimit_format(arg_rlimit
[rl
], &k
);
5056 log_debug("Setting RLIMIT_%s to %s.", rlimit_to_string(rl
), k
);
5063 static int cant_be_in_netns(void) {
5064 union sockaddr_union sa
= {
5066 .sun_family
= AF_UNIX
,
5067 .sun_path
= "/run/udev/control",
5070 char udev_path
[STRLEN("/proc//ns/net") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(pid_t
)];
5071 _cleanup_free_
char *udev_ns
= NULL
, *our_ns
= NULL
;
5072 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
5076 /* Check if we are in the same netns as udev. If we aren't, then device monitoring (and thus waiting
5077 * for loopback block devices) won't work, and we will hang. Detect this case and exit early with a
5080 if (!arg_image
) /* only matters if --image= us used, i.e. we actually need to use loopback devices */
5083 fd
= socket(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_NONBLOCK
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0);
5085 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to allocate udev control socket: %m");
5087 if (connect(fd
, &sa
.un
, SOCKADDR_UN_LEN(sa
.un
)) < 0) {
5089 if (errno
== ENOENT
|| ERRNO_IS_DISCONNECT(errno
))
5090 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
),
5091 "Sorry, but --image= requires access to the host's /run/ hierarchy, since we need access to udev.");
5093 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to connect socket to udev control socket: %m");
5096 r
= getpeercred(fd
, &ucred
);
5098 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine peer of udev control socket: %m");
5100 xsprintf(udev_path
, "/proc/" PID_FMT
"/ns/net", ucred
.pid
);
5101 r
= readlink_malloc(udev_path
, &udev_ns
);
5103 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read network namespace of udev: %m");
5105 r
= readlink_malloc("/proc/self/ns/net", &our_ns
);
5107 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read our own network namespace: %m");
5109 if (!streq(our_ns
, udev_ns
))
5110 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
),
5111 "Sorry, but --image= is only supported in the main network namespace, since we need access to udev/AF_NETLINK.");
5115 static int run(int argc
, char *argv
[]) {
5116 bool secondary
= false, remove_directory
= false, remove_image
= false,
5117 veth_created
= false, remove_tmprootdir
= false;
5118 _cleanup_close_
int master
= -1;
5119 _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet
*fds
= NULL
;
5120 int r
, n_fd_passed
, ret
= EXIT_SUCCESS
;
5121 char veth_name
[IFNAMSIZ
] = "";
5122 union in_addr_union exposed
= {};
5123 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile tree_global_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
, tree_local_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
5124 char tmprootdir
[] = "/tmp/nspawn-root-XXXXXX";
5125 _cleanup_(loop_device_unrefp
) LoopDevice
*loop
= NULL
;
5126 _cleanup_(decrypted_image_unrefp
) DecryptedImage
*decrypted_image
= NULL
;
5127 _cleanup_(dissected_image_unrefp
) DissectedImage
*dissected_image
= NULL
;
5130 log_parse_environment();
5133 r
= parse_argv(argc
, argv
);
5141 r
= cant_be_in_netns();
5145 r
= initialize_rlimits();
5149 r
= load_oci_bundle();
5153 r
= determine_names();
5157 r
= load_settings();
5163 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether the unified cgroups hierarchy is used: %m");
5167 r
= verify_arguments();
5171 /* Reapply environment settings. */
5172 (void) detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment();
5174 /* Ignore SIGPIPE here, because we use splice() on the ptyfwd stuff and that will generate SIGPIPE if
5175 * the result is closed. Note that the container payload child will reset signal mask+handler anyway,
5176 * so just turning this off here means we only turn it off in nspawn itself, not any children. */
5177 (void) ignore_signals(SIGPIPE
, -1);
5179 n_fd_passed
= sd_listen_fds(false);
5180 if (n_fd_passed
> 0) {
5181 r
= fdset_new_listen_fds(&fds
, false);
5183 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to collect file descriptors: %m");
5188 /* The "default" umask. This is appropriate for most file and directory
5189 * operations performed by nspawn, and is the umask that will be used for
5190 * the child. Functions like copy_devnodes() change the umask temporarily. */
5193 if (arg_directory
) {
5196 /* Safety precaution: let's not allow running images from the live host OS image, as long as
5197 * /var from the host will propagate into container dynamically (because bad things happen if
5198 * two systems write to the same /var). Let's allow it for the special cases where /var is
5199 * either copied (i.e. --ephemeral) or replaced (i.e. --volatile=yes|state). */
5200 if (path_equal(arg_directory
, "/") && !(arg_ephemeral
|| IN_SET(arg_volatile_mode
, VOLATILE_YES
, VOLATILE_STATE
))) {
5201 log_error("Spawning container on root directory is not supported. Consider using --ephemeral, --volatile=yes or --volatile=state.");
5206 if (arg_ephemeral
) {
5207 _cleanup_free_
char *np
= NULL
;
5209 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_directory
, 0);
5213 /* If the specified path is a mount point we generate the new snapshot immediately
5214 * inside it under a random name. However if the specified is not a mount point we
5215 * create the new snapshot in the parent directory, just next to it. */
5216 r
= path_is_mount_point(arg_directory
, NULL
, 0);
5218 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether directory %s is mount point: %m", arg_directory
);
5222 r
= tempfn_random_child(arg_directory
, "machine.", &np
);
5224 r
= tempfn_random(arg_directory
, "machine.", &np
);
5226 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate name for directory snapshot: %m");
5230 /* We take an exclusive lock on this image, since it's our private, ephemeral copy
5231 * only owned by us and no one else. */
5232 r
= image_path_lock(np
, LOCK_EX
|LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
5234 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to lock %s: %m", np
);
5239 BLOCK_SIGNALS(SIGINT
);
5240 r
= btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_directory
, np
,
5241 (arg_read_only
? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY
: 0) |
5242 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY
|
5243 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY
|
5244 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE
|
5245 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA
|
5246 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_SIGINT
);
5249 log_error_errno(r
, "Interrupted while copying file system tree to %s, removed again.", np
);
5253 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create snapshot %s from %s: %m", np
, arg_directory
);
5257 free_and_replace(arg_directory
, np
);
5258 remove_directory
= true;
5260 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_directory
, arg_template
? CHASE_NONEXISTENT
: 0);
5264 r
= image_path_lock(arg_directory
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
5266 log_error_errno(r
, "Directory tree %s is currently busy.", arg_directory
);
5270 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to lock %s: %m", arg_directory
);
5275 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_template
, 0);
5280 BLOCK_SIGNALS(SIGINT
);
5281 r
= btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_template
, arg_directory
,
5282 (arg_read_only
? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY
: 0) |
5283 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY
|
5284 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY
|
5285 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_IMMUTABLE
|
5286 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE
|
5287 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA
|
5288 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_SIGINT
);
5291 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
,
5292 "Directory %s already exists, not populating from template %s.", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
5293 else if (r
== -EINTR
) {
5294 log_error_errno(r
, "Interrupted while copying file system tree to %s, removed again.", arg_directory
);
5297 log_error_errno(r
, "Couldn't create snapshot %s from %s: %m", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
5300 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
,
5301 "Populated %s from template %s.", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
5305 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
) {
5308 if (arg_pivot_root_new
)
5309 p
= prefix_roota(arg_directory
, arg_pivot_root_new
);
5313 if (path_is_os_tree(p
) <= 0) {
5314 log_error("Directory %s doesn't look like an OS root directory (os-release file is missing). Refusing.", p
);
5321 if (arg_pivot_root_new
)
5322 p
= prefix_roota(arg_directory
, arg_pivot_root_new
);
5326 q
= strjoina(p
, "/usr/");
5328 if (laccess(q
, F_OK
) < 0) {
5329 log_error("Directory %s doesn't look like it has an OS tree. Refusing.", p
);
5336 DissectImageFlags dissect_image_flags
= DISSECT_IMAGE_REQUIRE_ROOT
| DISSECT_IMAGE_RELAX_VAR_CHECK
;
5338 assert(!arg_template
);
5340 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_image
, 0);
5344 if (arg_ephemeral
) {
5345 _cleanup_free_
char *np
= NULL
;
5347 r
= tempfn_random(arg_image
, "machine.", &np
);
5349 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate name for image snapshot: %m");
5353 /* Always take an exclusive lock on our own ephemeral copy. */
5354 r
= image_path_lock(np
, LOCK_EX
|LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
5356 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create image lock: %m");
5361 BLOCK_SIGNALS(SIGINT
);
5362 r
= copy_file(arg_image
, np
, O_EXCL
, arg_read_only
? 0400 : 0600, FS_NOCOW_FL
, FS_NOCOW_FL
, COPY_REFLINK
|COPY_CRTIME
|COPY_SIGINT
);
5365 log_error_errno(r
, "Interrupted while copying image file to %s, removed again.", np
);
5369 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to copy image file: %m");
5373 free_and_replace(arg_image
, np
);
5374 remove_image
= true;
5376 r
= image_path_lock(arg_image
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
5378 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Disk image %s is currently busy.", arg_image
);
5382 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create image lock: %m");
5386 r
= verity_settings_load(
5387 &arg_verity_settings
,
5388 arg_image
, NULL
, NULL
);
5390 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read verity artefacts for %s: %m", arg_image
);
5394 if (arg_verity_settings
.data_path
)
5395 dissect_image_flags
|= DISSECT_IMAGE_NO_PARTITION_TABLE
;
5398 if (!mkdtemp(tmprootdir
)) {
5399 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
5403 remove_tmprootdir
= true;
5405 arg_directory
= strdup(tmprootdir
);
5406 if (!arg_directory
) {
5411 r
= loop_device_make_by_path(
5413 arg_read_only
? O_RDONLY
: O_RDWR
,
5414 FLAGS_SET(dissect_image_flags
, DISSECT_IMAGE_NO_PARTITION_TABLE
) ? 0 : LO_FLAGS_PARTSCAN
,
5417 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set up loopback block device: %m");
5421 r
= dissect_image_and_warn(
5424 &arg_verity_settings
,
5426 dissect_image_flags
,
5429 /* dissected_image_and_warn() already printed a brief error message. Extend on that with more details */
5430 log_notice("Note that the disk image needs to\n"
5431 " a) either contain only a single MBR partition of type 0x83 that is marked bootable\n"
5432 " b) or contain a single GPT partition of type 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4\n"
5433 " c) or follow https://systemd.io/DISCOVERABLE_PARTITIONS\n"
5434 " d) or contain a file system without a partition table\n"
5435 "in order to be bootable with systemd-nspawn.");
5441 if (!arg_verity_settings
.root_hash
&& dissected_image
->can_verity
)
5442 log_notice("Note: image %s contains verity information, but no root hash specified! Proceeding without integrity checking.", arg_image
);
5444 r
= dissected_image_decrypt_interactively(
5447 &arg_verity_settings
,
5453 /* Now that we mounted the image, let's try to remove it again, if it is ephemeral */
5454 if (remove_image
&& unlink(arg_image
) >= 0)
5455 remove_image
= false;
5458 r
= custom_mount_prepare_all(arg_directory
, arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
5462 if (arg_console_mode
< 0)
5464 isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) > 0 &&
5465 isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
) > 0 ? CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
: CONSOLE_READ_ONLY
;
5467 if (arg_console_mode
== CONSOLE_PIPE
) /* if we pass STDERR on to the container, don't add our own logs into it too */
5471 log_info("Spawning container %s on %s.\nPress ^] three times within 1s to kill container.",
5472 arg_machine
, arg_image
?: arg_directory
);
5474 assert_se(sigprocmask_many(SIG_BLOCK
, NULL
, SIGCHLD
, SIGWINCH
, SIGTERM
, SIGINT
, -1) >= 0);
5476 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0) {
5477 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to become subreaper: %m");
5482 r
= run_container(dissected_image
,
5485 veth_name
, &veth_created
,
5493 (void) sd_notify(false,
5494 r
== 0 && ret
== EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
? "STOPPING=1\nSTATUS=Restarting..." :
5495 "STOPPING=1\nSTATUS=Terminating...");
5498 (void) kill(pid
, SIGKILL
);
5500 /* Try to flush whatever is still queued in the pty */
5502 (void) copy_bytes(master
, STDOUT_FILENO
, (uint64_t) -1, 0);
5503 master
= safe_close(master
);
5507 (void) wait_for_terminate(pid
, NULL
);
5511 if (remove_directory
&& arg_directory
) {
5514 k
= rm_rf(arg_directory
, REMOVE_ROOT
|REMOVE_PHYSICAL
|REMOVE_SUBVOLUME
);
5516 log_warning_errno(k
, "Cannot remove '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_directory
);
5519 if (remove_image
&& arg_image
) {
5520 if (unlink(arg_image
) < 0)
5521 log_warning_errno(errno
, "Can't remove image file '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_image
);
5524 if (remove_tmprootdir
) {
5525 if (rmdir(tmprootdir
) < 0)
5526 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Can't remove temporary root directory '%s', ignoring: %m", tmprootdir
);
5532 p
= strjoina("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate/", arg_machine
);
5533 (void) rm_rf(p
, REMOVE_ROOT
);
5536 expose_port_flush(arg_expose_ports
, &exposed
);
5539 (void) remove_veth_links(veth_name
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
5540 (void) remove_bridge(arg_network_zone
);
5542 custom_mount_free_all(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
5543 expose_port_free_all(arg_expose_ports
);
5544 rlimit_free_all(arg_rlimit
);
5545 device_node_array_free(arg_extra_nodes
, arg_n_extra_nodes
);
5546 credential_free_all(arg_credentials
, arg_n_credentials
);
5554 DEFINE_MAIN_FUNCTION_WITH_POSITIVE_FAILURE(run
);