1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
3 This file is part of systemd.
5 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
14 #include <linux/loop.h>
18 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
25 #include <sys/mount.h>
26 #include <sys/personality.h>
27 #include <sys/prctl.h>
28 #include <sys/types.h>
33 #include "sd-daemon.h"
36 #include "alloc-util.h"
38 #include "base-filesystem.h"
39 #include "blkid-util.h"
40 #include "btrfs-util.h"
43 #include "capability-util.h"
44 #include "cgroup-util.h"
46 #include "dev-setup.h"
47 #include "dissect-image.h"
52 #include "format-util.h"
55 #include "hexdecoct.h"
56 #include "hostname-util.h"
57 #include "id128-util.h"
59 #include "loop-util.h"
60 #include "loopback-setup.h"
61 #include "machine-image.h"
65 #include "mount-util.h"
66 #include "netlink-util.h"
67 #include "nspawn-cgroup.h"
68 #include "nspawn-def.h"
69 #include "nspawn-expose-ports.h"
70 #include "nspawn-mount.h"
71 #include "nspawn-network.h"
72 #include "nspawn-patch-uid.h"
73 #include "nspawn-register.h"
74 #include "nspawn-seccomp.h"
75 #include "nspawn-settings.h"
76 #include "nspawn-setuid.h"
77 #include "nspawn-stub-pid1.h"
78 #include "parse-util.h"
79 #include "path-util.h"
80 #include "process-util.h"
82 #include "random-util.h"
83 #include "raw-clone.h"
85 #include "selinux-util.h"
86 #include "signal-util.h"
87 #include "socket-util.h"
88 #include "stat-util.h"
89 #include "stdio-util.h"
90 #include "string-util.h"
92 #include "terminal-util.h"
93 #include "udev-util.h"
94 #include "umask-util.h"
95 #include "user-util.h"
99 #define STATIC_RESOLV_CONF "/lib/systemd/resolv.conf"
101 #define STATIC_RESOLV_CONF "/usr/lib/systemd/resolv.conf"
104 /* nspawn is listening on the socket at the path in the constant nspawn_notify_socket_path
105 * nspawn_notify_socket_path is relative to the container
106 * the init process in the container pid can send messages to nspawn following the sd_notify(3) protocol */
107 #define NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH "/run/systemd/nspawn/notify"
109 #define EXIT_FORCE_RESTART 133
111 typedef enum ContainerStatus
{
112 CONTAINER_TERMINATED
,
116 typedef enum LinkJournal
{
123 static char *arg_directory
= NULL
;
124 static char *arg_template
= NULL
;
125 static char *arg_chdir
= NULL
;
126 static char *arg_pivot_root_new
= NULL
;
127 static char *arg_pivot_root_old
= NULL
;
128 static char *arg_user
= NULL
;
129 static sd_id128_t arg_uuid
= {};
130 static char *arg_machine
= NULL
;
131 static const char *arg_selinux_context
= NULL
;
132 static const char *arg_selinux_apifs_context
= NULL
;
133 static const char *arg_slice
= NULL
;
134 static bool arg_private_network
= false;
135 static bool arg_read_only
= false;
136 static StartMode arg_start_mode
= START_PID1
;
137 static bool arg_ephemeral
= false;
138 static LinkJournal arg_link_journal
= LINK_AUTO
;
139 static bool arg_link_journal_try
= false;
140 static uint64_t arg_caps_retain
=
141 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL
) |
142 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_WRITE
) |
143 (1ULL << CAP_CHOWN
) |
144 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
) |
145 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
) |
146 (1ULL << CAP_FOWNER
) |
147 (1ULL << CAP_FSETID
) |
148 (1ULL << CAP_IPC_OWNER
) |
150 (1ULL << CAP_LEASE
) |
151 (1ULL << CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE
) |
152 (1ULL << CAP_MKNOD
) |
153 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
) |
154 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BROADCAST
) |
155 (1ULL << CAP_NET_RAW
) |
156 (1ULL << CAP_SETFCAP
) |
157 (1ULL << CAP_SETGID
) |
158 (1ULL << CAP_SETPCAP
) |
159 (1ULL << CAP_SETUID
) |
160 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN
) |
161 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_BOOT
) |
162 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_CHROOT
) |
163 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_NICE
) |
164 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_PTRACE
) |
165 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
) |
166 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG
);
167 static CustomMount
*arg_custom_mounts
= NULL
;
168 static size_t arg_n_custom_mounts
= 0;
169 static char **arg_setenv
= NULL
;
170 static bool arg_quiet
= false;
171 static bool arg_register
= true;
172 static bool arg_keep_unit
= false;
173 static char **arg_network_interfaces
= NULL
;
174 static char **arg_network_macvlan
= NULL
;
175 static char **arg_network_ipvlan
= NULL
;
176 static bool arg_network_veth
= false;
177 static char **arg_network_veth_extra
= NULL
;
178 static char *arg_network_bridge
= NULL
;
179 static char *arg_network_zone
= NULL
;
180 static char *arg_network_namespace_path
= NULL
;
181 static unsigned long arg_personality
= PERSONALITY_INVALID
;
182 static char *arg_image
= NULL
;
183 static VolatileMode arg_volatile_mode
= VOLATILE_NO
;
184 static ExposePort
*arg_expose_ports
= NULL
;
185 static char **arg_property
= NULL
;
186 static UserNamespaceMode arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
;
187 static uid_t arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
, arg_uid_range
= 0x10000U
;
188 static bool arg_userns_chown
= false;
189 static int arg_kill_signal
= 0;
190 static CGroupUnified arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
;
191 static SettingsMask arg_settings_mask
= 0;
192 static int arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
193 static char **arg_parameters
= NULL
;
194 static const char *arg_container_service_name
= "systemd-nspawn";
195 static bool arg_notify_ready
= false;
196 static bool arg_use_cgns
= true;
197 static unsigned long arg_clone_ns_flags
= CLONE_NEWIPC
|CLONE_NEWPID
|CLONE_NEWUTS
;
198 static MountSettingsMask arg_mount_settings
= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
;
199 static void *arg_root_hash
= NULL
;
200 static size_t arg_root_hash_size
= 0;
201 static char **arg_syscall_whitelist
= NULL
;
202 static char **arg_syscall_blacklist
= NULL
;
204 static void help(void) {
205 printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [PATH] [ARGUMENTS...]\n\n"
206 "Spawn a minimal namespace container for debugging, testing and building.\n\n"
207 " -h --help Show this help\n"
208 " --version Print version string\n"
209 " -q --quiet Do not show status information\n"
210 " -D --directory=PATH Root directory for the container\n"
211 " --template=PATH Initialize root directory from template directory,\n"
213 " -x --ephemeral Run container with snapshot of root directory, and\n"
214 " remove it after exit\n"
215 " -i --image=PATH File system device or disk image for the container\n"
216 " --root-hash=HASH Specify verity root hash\n"
217 " -a --as-pid2 Maintain a stub init as PID1, invoke binary as PID2\n"
218 " -b --boot Boot up full system (i.e. invoke init)\n"
219 " --chdir=PATH Set working directory in the container\n"
220 " --pivot-root=PATH[:PATH]\n"
221 " Pivot root to given directory in the container\n"
222 " -u --user=USER Run the command under specified user or uid\n"
223 " -M --machine=NAME Set the machine name for the container\n"
224 " --uuid=UUID Set a specific machine UUID for the container\n"
225 " -S --slice=SLICE Place the container in the specified slice\n"
226 " --property=NAME=VALUE Set scope unit property\n"
227 " -U --private-users=pick Run within user namespace, autoselect UID/GID range\n"
228 " --private-users[=UIDBASE[:NUIDS]]\n"
229 " Similar, but with user configured UID/GID range\n"
230 " --private-users-chown Adjust OS tree ownership to private UID/GID range\n"
231 " --private-network Disable network in container\n"
232 " --network-interface=INTERFACE\n"
233 " Assign an existing network interface to the\n"
235 " --network-macvlan=INTERFACE\n"
236 " Create a macvlan network interface based on an\n"
237 " existing network interface to the container\n"
238 " --network-ipvlan=INTERFACE\n"
239 " Create a ipvlan network interface based on an\n"
240 " existing network interface to the container\n"
241 " -n --network-veth Add a virtual Ethernet connection between host\n"
243 " --network-veth-extra=HOSTIF[:CONTAINERIF]\n"
244 " Add an additional virtual Ethernet link between\n"
245 " host and container\n"
246 " --network-bridge=INTERFACE\n"
247 " Add a virtual Ethernet connection to the container\n"
248 " and attach it to an existing bridge on the host\n"
249 " --network-zone=NAME Similar, but attach the new interface to an\n"
250 " an automatically managed bridge interface\n"
251 " --network-namespace-path=PATH\n"
252 " Set network namespace to the one represented by\n"
253 " the specified kernel namespace file node\n"
254 " -p --port=[PROTOCOL:]HOSTPORT[:CONTAINERPORT]\n"
255 " Expose a container IP port on the host\n"
256 " -Z --selinux-context=SECLABEL\n"
257 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
258 " processes in the container\n"
259 " -L --selinux-apifs-context=SECLABEL\n"
260 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
261 " API/tmpfs file systems in the container\n"
262 " --capability=CAP In addition to the default, retain specified\n"
264 " --drop-capability=CAP Drop the specified capability from the default set\n"
265 " --system-call-filter=LIST|~LIST\n"
266 " Permit/prohibit specific system calls\n"
267 " --kill-signal=SIGNAL Select signal to use for shutting down PID 1\n"
268 " --link-journal=MODE Link up guest journal, one of no, auto, guest, \n"
269 " host, try-guest, try-host\n"
270 " -j Equivalent to --link-journal=try-guest\n"
271 " --read-only Mount the root directory read-only\n"
272 " --bind=PATH[:PATH[:OPTIONS]]\n"
273 " Bind mount a file or directory from the host into\n"
275 " --bind-ro=PATH[:PATH[:OPTIONS]\n"
276 " Similar, but creates a read-only bind mount\n"
277 " --tmpfs=PATH:[OPTIONS] Mount an empty tmpfs to the specified directory\n"
278 " --overlay=PATH[:PATH...]:PATH\n"
279 " Create an overlay mount from the host to \n"
281 " --overlay-ro=PATH[:PATH...]:PATH\n"
282 " Similar, but creates a read-only overlay mount\n"
283 " -E --setenv=NAME=VALUE Pass an environment variable to PID 1\n"
284 " --register=BOOLEAN Register container as machine\n"
285 " --keep-unit Do not register a scope for the machine, reuse\n"
286 " the service unit nspawn is running in\n"
287 " --volatile[=MODE] Run the system in volatile mode\n"
288 " --settings=BOOLEAN Load additional settings from .nspawn file\n"
289 " --notify-ready=BOOLEAN Receive notifications from the child init process\n"
290 , program_invocation_short_name
);
293 static int custom_mount_check_all(void) {
296 for (i
= 0; i
< arg_n_custom_mounts
; i
++) {
297 CustomMount
*m
= &arg_custom_mounts
[i
];
299 if (path_equal(m
->destination
, "/") && arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
301 if (arg_userns_chown
) {
302 log_error("--private-users-chown may not be combined with custom root mounts.");
304 } else if (arg_uid_shift
== UID_INVALID
) {
305 log_error("--private-users with automatic UID shift may not be combined with custom root mounts.");
314 static int detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment(void) {
318 /* Allow the user to control whether the unified hierarchy is used */
319 e
= getenv("UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY");
321 r
= parse_boolean(e
);
323 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY.");
325 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL
;
327 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
333 static int detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_image(const char *directory
) {
336 /* Let's inherit the mode to use from the host system, but let's take into consideration what systemd in the
337 * image actually supports. */
338 r
= cg_all_unified();
340 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether we are in all unified mode.");
342 /* Unified cgroup hierarchy support was added in 230. Unfortunately the detection
343 * routine only detects 231, so we'll have a false negative here for 230. */
344 r
= systemd_installation_has_version(directory
, 230);
346 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine systemd version in container: %m");
348 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL
;
350 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
351 } else if (cg_unified_controller(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER
) > 0) {
352 /* Mixed cgroup hierarchy support was added in 233 */
353 r
= systemd_installation_has_version(directory
, 233);
355 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine systemd version in container: %m");
357 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD
;
359 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
361 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
363 log_debug("Using %s hierarchy for container.",
364 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
? "legacy" :
365 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD
? "hybrid" : "unified");
370 static void parse_share_ns_env(const char *name
, unsigned long ns_flag
) {
373 r
= getenv_bool(name
);
377 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to parse %s from environment, defaulting to false.", name
);
378 arg_clone_ns_flags
= (arg_clone_ns_flags
& ~ns_flag
) | (r
> 0 ? 0 : ns_flag
);
381 static void parse_mount_settings_env(void) {
385 e
= getenv("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_API_VFS_WRITABLE");
389 if (streq(e
, "network")) {
390 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
|MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
;
394 r
= parse_boolean(e
);
396 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to parse SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_API_VFS_WRITABLE from environment, ignoring.");
400 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
, r
== 0);
401 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
, false);
404 static int parse_argv(int argc
, char *argv
[]) {
422 ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
,
427 ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
,
428 ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
,
438 ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
,
441 ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
,
444 static const struct option options
[] = {
445 { "help", no_argument
, NULL
, 'h' },
446 { "version", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VERSION
},
447 { "directory", required_argument
, NULL
, 'D' },
448 { "template", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TEMPLATE
},
449 { "ephemeral", no_argument
, NULL
, 'x' },
450 { "user", required_argument
, NULL
, 'u' },
451 { "private-network", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK
},
452 { "as-pid2", no_argument
, NULL
, 'a' },
453 { "boot", no_argument
, NULL
, 'b' },
454 { "uuid", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_UUID
},
455 { "read-only", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_READ_ONLY
},
456 { "capability", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CAPABILITY
},
457 { "drop-capability", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY
},
458 { "link-journal", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_LINK_JOURNAL
},
459 { "bind", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_BIND
},
460 { "bind-ro", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_BIND_RO
},
461 { "tmpfs", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TMPFS
},
462 { "overlay", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OVERLAY
},
463 { "overlay-ro", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OVERLAY_RO
},
464 { "machine", required_argument
, NULL
, 'M' },
465 { "slice", required_argument
, NULL
, 'S' },
466 { "setenv", required_argument
, NULL
, 'E' },
467 { "selinux-context", required_argument
, NULL
, 'Z' },
468 { "selinux-apifs-context", required_argument
, NULL
, 'L' },
469 { "quiet", no_argument
, NULL
, 'q' },
470 { "share-system", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM
}, /* not documented */
471 { "register", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_REGISTER
},
472 { "keep-unit", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_KEEP_UNIT
},
473 { "network-interface", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
},
474 { "network-macvlan", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN
},
475 { "network-ipvlan", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_IPVLAN
},
476 { "network-veth", no_argument
, NULL
, 'n' },
477 { "network-veth-extra", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
},
478 { "network-bridge", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE
},
479 { "network-zone", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_ZONE
},
480 { "network-namespace-path", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
},
481 { "personality", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PERSONALITY
},
482 { "image", required_argument
, NULL
, 'i' },
483 { "volatile", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VOLATILE
},
484 { "port", required_argument
, NULL
, 'p' },
485 { "property", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PROPERTY
},
486 { "private-users", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_USERS
},
487 { "private-users-chown", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
},
488 { "kill-signal", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_KILL_SIGNAL
},
489 { "settings", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SETTINGS
},
490 { "chdir", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CHDIR
},
491 { "pivot-root", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PIVOT_ROOT
},
492 { "notify-ready", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NOTIFY_READY
},
493 { "root-hash", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_ROOT_HASH
},
494 { "system-call-filter", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
},
500 uint64_t plus
= 0, minus
= 0;
501 bool mask_all_settings
= false, mask_no_settings
= false;
506 while ((c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "+hD:u:abL:M:jS:Z:qi:xp:nUE:", options
, NULL
)) >= 0)
518 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_directory
);
524 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_template
);
530 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_image
);
536 arg_ephemeral
= true;
540 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_user
, optarg
);
544 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USER
;
547 case ARG_NETWORK_ZONE
: {
550 j
= strappend("vz-", optarg
);
554 if (!ifname_valid(j
)) {
555 log_error("Network zone name not valid: %s", j
);
560 free(arg_network_zone
);
561 arg_network_zone
= j
;
563 arg_network_veth
= true;
564 arg_private_network
= true;
565 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
569 case ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE
:
571 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
)) {
572 log_error("Bridge interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
576 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_network_bridge
, optarg
);
582 arg_network_veth
= true;
583 arg_private_network
= true;
584 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
587 case ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
:
588 r
= veth_extra_parse(&arg_network_veth_extra
, optarg
);
590 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --network-veth-extra= parameter: %s", optarg
);
592 arg_private_network
= true;
593 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
596 case ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
:
598 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
)) {
599 log_error("Network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
603 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_interfaces
, optarg
) < 0)
606 arg_private_network
= true;
607 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
610 case ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN
:
612 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
)) {
613 log_error("MACVLAN network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
617 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_macvlan
, optarg
) < 0)
620 arg_private_network
= true;
621 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
624 case ARG_NETWORK_IPVLAN
:
626 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
)) {
627 log_error("IPVLAN network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
631 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_ipvlan
, optarg
) < 0)
635 case ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK
:
636 arg_private_network
= true;
637 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
640 case ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
:
641 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_network_namespace_path
);
648 if (arg_start_mode
== START_PID2
) {
649 log_error("--boot and --as-pid2 may not be combined.");
653 arg_start_mode
= START_BOOT
;
654 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
658 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
) {
659 log_error("--boot and --as-pid2 may not be combined.");
663 arg_start_mode
= START_PID2
;
664 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
668 r
= sd_id128_from_string(optarg
, &arg_uuid
);
670 return log_error_errno(r
, "Invalid UUID: %s", optarg
);
672 if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
)) {
673 log_error("Machine UUID may not be all zeroes.");
677 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_MACHINE_ID
;
686 arg_machine
= mfree(arg_machine
);
688 if (!machine_name_is_valid(optarg
)) {
689 log_error("Invalid machine name: %s", optarg
);
693 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_machine
, optarg
);
700 arg_selinux_context
= optarg
;
704 arg_selinux_apifs_context
= optarg
;
708 arg_read_only
= true;
709 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_READ_ONLY
;
713 case ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY
: {
716 _cleanup_free_
char *t
= NULL
;
718 r
= extract_first_word(&p
, &t
, ",", 0);
720 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse capability %s.", t
);
725 if (streq(t
, "all")) {
726 if (c
== ARG_CAPABILITY
)
727 plus
= (uint64_t) -1;
729 minus
= (uint64_t) -1;
733 cap
= capability_from_name(t
);
735 log_error("Failed to parse capability %s.", t
);
739 if (c
== ARG_CAPABILITY
)
740 plus
|= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap
;
742 minus
|= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap
;
746 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CAPABILITY
;
751 arg_link_journal
= LINK_GUEST
;
752 arg_link_journal_try
= true;
755 case ARG_LINK_JOURNAL
:
756 if (streq(optarg
, "auto")) {
757 arg_link_journal
= LINK_AUTO
;
758 arg_link_journal_try
= false;
759 } else if (streq(optarg
, "no")) {
760 arg_link_journal
= LINK_NO
;
761 arg_link_journal_try
= false;
762 } else if (streq(optarg
, "guest")) {
763 arg_link_journal
= LINK_GUEST
;
764 arg_link_journal_try
= false;
765 } else if (streq(optarg
, "host")) {
766 arg_link_journal
= LINK_HOST
;
767 arg_link_journal_try
= false;
768 } else if (streq(optarg
, "try-guest")) {
769 arg_link_journal
= LINK_GUEST
;
770 arg_link_journal_try
= true;
771 } else if (streq(optarg
, "try-host")) {
772 arg_link_journal
= LINK_HOST
;
773 arg_link_journal_try
= true;
775 log_error("Failed to parse link journal mode %s", optarg
);
783 r
= bind_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
, c
== ARG_BIND_RO
);
785 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --bind(-ro)= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
787 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
791 r
= tmpfs_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
);
793 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --tmpfs= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
795 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
800 r
= overlay_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
, c
== ARG_OVERLAY_RO
);
801 if (r
== -EADDRNOTAVAIL
)
802 return log_error_errno(r
, "--overlay(-ro)= needs at least two colon-separated directories specified.");
804 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --overlay(-ro)= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
806 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
812 if (!env_assignment_is_valid(optarg
)) {
813 log_error("Environment variable assignment '%s' is not valid.", optarg
);
817 n
= strv_env_set(arg_setenv
, optarg
);
821 strv_free(arg_setenv
);
824 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_ENVIRONMENT
;
832 case ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM
:
833 /* We don't officially support this anymore, except for compat reasons. People should use the
834 * $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_* environment variables instead. */
835 arg_clone_ns_flags
= 0;
839 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
841 log_error("Failed to parse --register= argument: %s", optarg
);
849 arg_keep_unit
= true;
852 case ARG_PERSONALITY
:
854 arg_personality
= personality_from_string(optarg
);
855 if (arg_personality
== PERSONALITY_INVALID
) {
856 log_error("Unknown or unsupported personality '%s'.", optarg
);
860 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_PERSONALITY
;
866 arg_volatile_mode
= VOLATILE_YES
;
870 m
= volatile_mode_from_string(optarg
);
872 log_error("Failed to parse --volatile= argument: %s", optarg
);
875 arg_volatile_mode
= m
;
878 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_VOLATILE_MODE
;
882 r
= expose_port_parse(&arg_expose_ports
, optarg
);
884 return log_error_errno(r
, "Duplicate port specification: %s", optarg
);
886 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse host port %s: %m", optarg
);
888 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_EXPOSE_PORTS
;
892 if (strv_extend(&arg_property
, optarg
) < 0)
897 case ARG_PRIVATE_USERS
: {
902 else if (!in_charset(optarg
, DIGITS
))
903 /* do *not* parse numbers as booleans */
904 boolean
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
906 if (boolean
== false) {
907 /* no: User namespacing off */
908 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
;
909 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
910 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
911 } else if (boolean
== true) {
912 /* yes: User namespacing on, UID range is read from root dir */
913 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_FIXED
;
914 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
915 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
916 } else if (streq(optarg
, "pick")) {
917 /* pick: User namespacing on, UID range is picked randomly */
918 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
;
919 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
920 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
922 _cleanup_free_
char *buffer
= NULL
;
923 const char *range
, *shift
;
925 /* anything else: User namespacing on, UID range is explicitly configured */
927 range
= strchr(optarg
, ':');
929 buffer
= strndup(optarg
, range
- optarg
);
935 r
= safe_atou32(range
, &arg_uid_range
);
937 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse UID range \"%s\": %m", range
);
941 r
= parse_uid(shift
, &arg_uid_shift
);
943 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse UID \"%s\": %m", optarg
);
945 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_FIXED
;
948 if (arg_uid_range
<= 0) {
949 log_error("UID range cannot be 0.");
953 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
958 if (userns_supported()) {
959 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
;
960 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
961 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
963 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
968 case ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
:
969 arg_userns_chown
= true;
971 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
974 case ARG_KILL_SIGNAL
:
975 arg_kill_signal
= signal_from_string(optarg
);
976 if (arg_kill_signal
< 0) {
977 log_error("Cannot parse signal: %s", optarg
);
981 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_KILL_SIGNAL
;
986 /* no → do not read files
987 * yes → read files, do not override cmdline, trust only subset
988 * override → read files, override cmdline, trust only subset
989 * trusted → read files, do not override cmdline, trust all
992 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
994 if (streq(optarg
, "trusted")) {
995 mask_all_settings
= false;
996 mask_no_settings
= false;
997 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
999 } else if (streq(optarg
, "override")) {
1000 mask_all_settings
= false;
1001 mask_no_settings
= true;
1002 arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
1004 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --settings= argument: %s", optarg
);
1007 mask_all_settings
= false;
1008 mask_no_settings
= false;
1009 arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
1012 mask_all_settings
= true;
1013 mask_no_settings
= false;
1014 arg_settings_trusted
= false;
1020 if (!path_is_absolute(optarg
)) {
1021 log_error("Working directory %s is not an absolute path.", optarg
);
1025 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_chdir
, optarg
);
1029 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_WORKING_DIRECTORY
;
1032 case ARG_PIVOT_ROOT
:
1033 r
= pivot_root_parse(&arg_pivot_root_new
, &arg_pivot_root_old
, optarg
);
1035 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --pivot-root= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1037 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_PIVOT_ROOT
;
1040 case ARG_NOTIFY_READY
:
1041 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1043 log_error("%s is not a valid notify mode. Valid modes are: yes, no, and ready.", optarg
);
1046 arg_notify_ready
= r
;
1047 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NOTIFY_READY
;
1050 case ARG_ROOT_HASH
: {
1054 r
= unhexmem(optarg
, strlen(optarg
), &k
, &l
);
1056 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse root hash: %s", optarg
);
1057 if (l
< sizeof(sd_id128_t
)) {
1058 log_error("Root hash must be at least 128bit long: %s", optarg
);
1063 free(arg_root_hash
);
1065 arg_root_hash_size
= l
;
1069 case ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
: {
1073 negative
= optarg
[0] == '~';
1074 items
= negative
? optarg
+ 1 : optarg
;
1077 _cleanup_free_
char *word
= NULL
;
1079 r
= extract_first_word(&items
, &word
, NULL
, 0);
1085 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse system call filter: %m");
1088 r
= strv_extend(&arg_syscall_blacklist
, word
);
1090 r
= strv_extend(&arg_syscall_whitelist
, word
);
1095 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_SYSCALL_FILTER
;
1103 assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
1106 /* If --network-namespace-path is given with any other network-related option,
1107 * we need to error out, to avoid conflicts between different network options. */
1108 if (arg_network_namespace_path
&&
1109 (arg_network_interfaces
|| arg_network_macvlan
||
1110 arg_network_ipvlan
|| arg_network_veth_extra
||
1111 arg_network_bridge
|| arg_network_zone
||
1112 arg_network_veth
|| arg_private_network
)) {
1113 log_error("--network-namespace-path cannot be combined with other network options.");
1117 parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_IPC", CLONE_NEWIPC
);
1118 parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_PID", CLONE_NEWPID
);
1119 parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_UTS", CLONE_NEWUTS
);
1120 parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_SYSTEM", CLONE_NEWIPC
|CLONE_NEWPID
|CLONE_NEWUTS
);
1122 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
1123 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_USE_USERNS
;
1125 if (arg_private_network
)
1126 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
;
1128 parse_mount_settings_env();
1130 if (!(arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWPID
) ||
1131 !(arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWUTS
)) {
1132 arg_register
= false;
1133 if (arg_start_mode
!= START_PID1
) {
1134 log_error("--boot cannot be used without namespacing.");
1139 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
)
1140 arg_userns_chown
= true;
1142 if (arg_keep_unit
&& arg_register
&& cg_pid_get_owner_uid(0, NULL
) >= 0) {
1143 /* Save the user from accidentally registering either user-$SESSION.scope or user@.service.
1144 * The latter is not technically a user session, but we don't need to labour the point. */
1145 log_error("--keep-unit --register=yes may not be used when invoked from a user session.");
1149 if (arg_directory
&& arg_image
) {
1150 log_error("--directory= and --image= may not be combined.");
1154 if (arg_template
&& arg_image
) {
1155 log_error("--template= and --image= may not be combined.");
1159 if (arg_ephemeral
&& arg_template
&& !arg_directory
) {
1160 /* User asked for ephemeral execution but specified --template= instead of --directory=. Semantically
1161 * such an invocation makes some sense, see https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3667. Let's
1162 * accept this here, and silently make "--ephemeral --template=" equivalent to "--ephemeral
1165 arg_directory
= TAKE_PTR(arg_template
);
1168 if (arg_template
&& !(arg_directory
|| arg_machine
)) {
1169 log_error("--template= needs --directory= or --machine=.");
1173 if (arg_ephemeral
&& arg_template
) {
1174 log_error("--ephemeral and --template= may not be combined.");
1178 if (arg_ephemeral
&& !IN_SET(arg_link_journal
, LINK_NO
, LINK_AUTO
)) {
1179 log_error("--ephemeral and --link-journal= may not be combined.");
1183 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& !userns_supported()) {
1184 log_error("--private-users= is not supported, kernel compiled without user namespace support.");
1188 if (arg_userns_chown
&& arg_read_only
) {
1189 log_error("--read-only and --private-users-chown may not be combined.");
1193 if (arg_network_bridge
&& arg_network_zone
) {
1194 log_error("--network-bridge= and --network-zone= may not be combined.");
1198 if (argc
> optind
) {
1199 arg_parameters
= strv_copy(argv
+ optind
);
1200 if (!arg_parameters
)
1203 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
1206 /* Load all settings from .nspawn files */
1207 if (mask_no_settings
)
1208 arg_settings_mask
= 0;
1210 /* Don't load any settings from .nspawn files */
1211 if (mask_all_settings
)
1212 arg_settings_mask
= _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL
;
1214 arg_caps_retain
= (arg_caps_retain
| plus
| (arg_private_network
? 1ULL << CAP_NET_ADMIN
: 0)) & ~minus
;
1216 r
= cg_unified_flush();
1218 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether the unified cgroups hierarchy is used: %m");
1220 e
= getenv("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_CONTAINER_SERVICE");
1222 arg_container_service_name
= e
;
1224 r
= getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS");
1226 arg_use_cgns
= cg_ns_supported();
1230 r
= custom_mount_check_all();
1237 static int verify_arguments(void) {
1238 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& (arg_mount_settings
& MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
) && !arg_private_network
) {
1239 log_error("Invalid namespacing settings. Mounting sysfs with --private-users requires --private-network.");
1243 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& !(arg_mount_settings
& MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
)) {
1244 log_error("Cannot combine --private-users with read-write mounts.");
1248 if (arg_volatile_mode
!= VOLATILE_NO
&& arg_read_only
) {
1249 log_error("Cannot combine --read-only with --volatile. Note that --volatile already implies a read-only base hierarchy.");
1253 if (arg_expose_ports
&& !arg_private_network
) {
1254 log_error("Cannot use --port= without private networking.");
1259 if (arg_expose_ports
) {
1260 log_error("--port= is not supported, compiled without libiptc support.");
1265 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
&& arg_kill_signal
<= 0)
1266 arg_kill_signal
= SIGRTMIN
+3;
1271 static int userns_lchown(const char *p
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
1274 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
1277 if (uid
== UID_INVALID
&& gid
== GID_INVALID
)
1280 if (uid
!= UID_INVALID
) {
1281 uid
+= arg_uid_shift
;
1283 if (uid
< arg_uid_shift
|| uid
>= arg_uid_shift
+ arg_uid_range
)
1287 if (gid
!= GID_INVALID
) {
1288 gid
+= (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
;
1290 if (gid
< (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
|| gid
>= (gid_t
) (arg_uid_shift
+ arg_uid_range
))
1294 if (lchown(p
, uid
, gid
) < 0)
1300 static int userns_mkdir(const char *root
, const char *path
, mode_t mode
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
1304 q
= prefix_roota(root
, path
);
1305 r
= mkdir_errno_wrapper(q
, mode
);
1311 return userns_lchown(q
, uid
, gid
);
1314 static int setup_timezone(const char *dest
) {
1315 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
, *q
= NULL
;
1316 const char *where
, *check
, *what
;
1322 /* Fix the timezone, if possible */
1323 r
= readlink_malloc("/etc/localtime", &p
);
1325 log_warning("host's /etc/localtime is not a symlink, not updating container timezone.");
1326 /* to handle warning, delete /etc/localtime and replace it
1327 * with a symbolic link to a time zone data file.
1330 * ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /etc/localtime
1335 z
= path_startswith(p
, "../usr/share/zoneinfo/");
1337 z
= path_startswith(p
, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
1339 log_warning("/etc/localtime does not point into /usr/share/zoneinfo/, not updating container timezone.");
1343 where
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/etc/localtime");
1344 r
= readlink_malloc(where
, &q
);
1346 y
= path_startswith(q
, "../usr/share/zoneinfo/");
1348 y
= path_startswith(q
, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
1350 /* Already pointing to the right place? Then do nothing .. */
1351 if (y
&& streq(y
, z
))
1355 check
= strjoina("/usr/share/zoneinfo/", z
);
1356 check
= prefix_roota(dest
, check
);
1357 if (laccess(check
, F_OK
) < 0) {
1358 log_warning("Timezone %s does not exist in container, not updating container timezone.", z
);
1362 if (unlink(where
) < 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
) {
1363 log_full_errno(IN_SET(errno
, EROFS
, EACCES
, EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, /* Don't complain on read-only images */
1365 "Failed to remove existing timezone info %s in container, ignoring: %m", where
);
1369 what
= strjoina("../usr/share/zoneinfo/", z
);
1370 if (symlink(what
, where
) < 0) {
1371 log_full_errno(IN_SET(errno
, EROFS
, EACCES
, EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
,
1373 "Failed to correct timezone of container, ignoring: %m");
1377 r
= userns_lchown(where
, 0, 0);
1379 return log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /etc/localtime: %m");
1384 static int resolved_listening(void) {
1385 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp
) sd_bus
*bus
= NULL
;
1386 _cleanup_free_
char *dns_stub_listener_mode
= NULL
;
1389 /* Check if resolved is listening */
1391 r
= sd_bus_open_system(&bus
);
1395 r
= bus_name_has_owner(bus
, "org.freedesktop.resolve1", NULL
);
1399 r
= sd_bus_get_property_string(bus
,
1400 "org.freedesktop.resolve1",
1401 "/org/freedesktop/resolve1",
1402 "org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager",
1405 &dns_stub_listener_mode
);
1409 return STR_IN_SET(dns_stub_listener_mode
, "udp", "yes");
1412 static int setup_resolv_conf(const char *dest
) {
1413 _cleanup_free_
char *resolved
= NULL
, *etc
= NULL
;
1419 if (arg_private_network
)
1422 r
= chase_symlinks("/etc", dest
, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT
, &etc
);
1424 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve /etc path in container, ignoring: %m");
1428 where
= strjoina(etc
, "/resolv.conf");
1429 found
= chase_symlinks(where
, dest
, CHASE_NONEXISTENT
, &resolved
);
1431 log_warning_errno(found
, "Failed to resolve /etc/resolv.conf path in container, ignoring: %m");
1435 if (access(STATIC_RESOLV_CONF
, F_OK
) >= 0 &&
1436 resolved_listening() > 0) {
1438 /* resolved is enabled on the host. In this, case bind mount its static resolv.conf file into the
1439 * container, so that the container can use the host's resolver. Given that network namespacing is
1440 * disabled it's only natural of the container also uses the host's resolver. It also has the big
1441 * advantage that the container will be able to follow the host's DNS server configuration changes
1444 if (found
== 0) /* missing? */
1445 (void) touch(resolved
);
1447 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, STATIC_RESOLV_CONF
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
1449 return mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
1452 /* If that didn't work, let's copy the file */
1453 r
= copy_file("/etc/resolv.conf", where
, O_TRUNC
|O_NOFOLLOW
, 0644, 0, COPY_REFLINK
);
1455 /* If the file already exists as symlink, let's suppress the warning, under the assumption that
1456 * resolved or something similar runs inside and the symlink points there.
1458 * If the disk image is read-only, there's also no point in complaining.
1460 log_full_errno(IN_SET(r
, -ELOOP
, -EROFS
, -EACCES
, -EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, r
,
1461 "Failed to copy /etc/resolv.conf to %s, ignoring: %m", where
);
1465 r
= userns_lchown(where
, 0, 0);
1467 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /etc/resolv.conf, ignoring: %m");
1472 static int setup_boot_id(void) {
1473 _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep
) char *from
= NULL
;
1474 _cleanup_free_
char *path
= NULL
;
1475 sd_id128_t rnd
= SD_ID128_NULL
;
1479 /* Generate a new randomized boot ID, so that each boot-up of
1480 * the container gets a new one */
1482 r
= tempfn_random_child(NULL
, "proc-sys-kernel-random-boot-id", &path
);
1484 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate random boot ID path: %m");
1486 r
= sd_id128_randomize(&rnd
);
1488 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate random boot id: %m");
1490 r
= id128_write(path
, ID128_UUID
, rnd
, false);
1492 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write boot id: %m");
1494 from
= TAKE_PTR(path
);
1495 to
= "/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id";
1497 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, from
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
1501 return mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
1504 static int copy_devnodes(const char *dest
) {
1506 static const char devnodes
[] =
1517 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u
;
1523 /* Create /dev/net, so that we can create /dev/net/tun in it */
1524 if (userns_mkdir(dest
, "/dev/net", 0755, 0, 0) < 0)
1525 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /dev/net directory: %m");
1527 NULSTR_FOREACH(d
, devnodes
) {
1528 _cleanup_free_
char *from
= NULL
, *to
= NULL
;
1531 from
= strappend("/dev/", d
);
1532 to
= prefix_root(dest
, from
);
1534 if (stat(from
, &st
) < 0) {
1536 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
1537 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to stat %s: %m", from
);
1539 } else if (!S_ISCHR(st
.st_mode
) && !S_ISBLK(st
.st_mode
)) {
1541 log_error("%s is not a char or block device, cannot copy.", from
);
1545 if (mknod(to
, st
.st_mode
, st
.st_rdev
) < 0) {
1546 /* Explicitly warn the user when /dev is already populated. */
1547 if (errno
== EEXIST
)
1548 log_notice("%s/dev is pre-mounted and pre-populated. If a pre-mounted /dev is provided it needs to be an unpopulated file system.", dest
);
1550 return log_error_errno(errno
, "mknod(%s) failed: %m", to
);
1552 /* Some systems abusively restrict mknod but
1553 * allow bind mounts. */
1556 return log_error_errno(r
, "touch (%s) failed: %m", to
);
1557 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, from
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
1559 return log_error_errno(r
, "Both mknod and bind mount (%s) failed: %m", to
);
1562 r
= userns_lchown(to
, 0, 0);
1564 return log_error_errno(r
, "chown() of device node %s failed: %m", to
);
1571 static int setup_pts(const char *dest
) {
1572 _cleanup_free_
char *options
= NULL
;
1577 if (arg_selinux_apifs_context
)
1578 (void) asprintf(&options
,
1579 "newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" GID_FMT
",context=\"%s\"",
1580 arg_uid_shift
+ TTY_GID
,
1581 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
1584 (void) asprintf(&options
,
1585 "newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" GID_FMT
,
1586 arg_uid_shift
+ TTY_GID
);
1591 /* Mount /dev/pts itself */
1592 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/pts");
1593 r
= mkdir_errno_wrapper(p
, 0755);
1595 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /dev/pts: %m");
1597 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, "devpts", p
, "devpts", MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
, options
);
1600 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
1602 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/pts: %m");
1604 /* Create /dev/ptmx symlink */
1605 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/ptmx");
1606 if (symlink("pts/ptmx", p
) < 0)
1607 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create /dev/ptmx symlink: %m");
1608 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
1610 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/ptmx: %m");
1612 /* And fix /dev/pts/ptmx ownership */
1613 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/pts/ptmx");
1614 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
1616 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/pts/ptmx: %m");
1621 static int setup_dev_console(const char *dest
, const char *console
) {
1622 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u
;
1631 r
= chmod_and_chown(console
, 0600, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
);
1633 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to correct access mode for TTY: %m");
1635 /* We need to bind mount the right tty to /dev/console since
1636 * ptys can only exist on pts file systems. To have something
1637 * to bind mount things on we create a empty regular file. */
1639 to
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/console");
1642 return log_error_errno(r
, "touch() for /dev/console failed: %m");
1644 return mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, console
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
1647 static int setup_keyring(void) {
1648 key_serial_t keyring
;
1650 /* Allocate a new session keyring for the container. This makes sure the keyring of the session systemd-nspawn
1651 * was invoked from doesn't leak into the container. Note that by default we block keyctl() and request_key()
1652 * anyway via seccomp so doing this operation isn't strictly necessary, but in case people explicitly whitelist
1653 * these system calls let's make sure we don't leak anything into the container. */
1655 keyring
= keyctl(KEYCTL_JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING
, 0, 0, 0, 0);
1656 if (keyring
== -1) {
1657 if (errno
== ENOSYS
)
1658 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Kernel keyring not supported, ignoring.");
1659 else if (IN_SET(errno
, EACCES
, EPERM
))
1660 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Kernel keyring access prohibited, ignoring.");
1662 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Setting up kernel keyring failed: %m");
1668 static int setup_kmsg(int kmsg_socket
) {
1669 const char *from
, *to
;
1670 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u
;
1673 assert(kmsg_socket
>= 0);
1677 /* We create the kmsg FIFO as /run/kmsg, but immediately
1678 * delete it after bind mounting it to /proc/kmsg. While FIFOs
1679 * on the reading side behave very similar to /proc/kmsg,
1680 * their writing side behaves differently from /dev/kmsg in
1681 * that writing blocks when nothing is reading. In order to
1682 * avoid any problems with containers deadlocking due to this
1683 * we simply make /dev/kmsg unavailable to the container. */
1687 if (mkfifo(from
, 0600) < 0)
1688 return log_error_errno(errno
, "mkfifo() for /run/kmsg failed: %m");
1689 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, from
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
1693 fd
= open(from
, O_RDWR
|O_NDELAY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
1695 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open fifo: %m");
1697 /* Store away the fd in the socket, so that it stays open as
1698 * long as we run the child */
1699 r
= send_one_fd(kmsg_socket
, fd
, 0);
1703 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to send FIFO fd: %m");
1705 /* And now make the FIFO unavailable as /run/kmsg... */
1706 (void) unlink(from
);
1711 static int on_address_change(sd_netlink
*rtnl
, sd_netlink_message
*m
, void *userdata
) {
1712 union in_addr_union
*exposed
= userdata
;
1718 expose_port_execute(rtnl
, arg_expose_ports
, exposed
);
1722 static int setup_hostname(void) {
1724 if ((arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWUTS
) == 0)
1727 if (sethostname_idempotent(arg_machine
) < 0)
1733 static int setup_journal(const char *directory
) {
1735 _cleanup_free_
char *d
= NULL
;
1741 /* Don't link journals in ephemeral mode */
1745 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_NO
)
1748 try = arg_link_journal_try
|| arg_link_journal
== LINK_AUTO
;
1750 r
= sd_id128_get_machine(&this_id
);
1752 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to retrieve machine ID: %m");
1754 if (sd_id128_equal(arg_uuid
, this_id
)) {
1755 log_full(try ? LOG_WARNING
: LOG_ERR
,
1756 "Host and machine ids are equal (%s): refusing to link journals", sd_id128_to_string(arg_uuid
, id
));
1762 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, "/var", 0755, 0, 0);
1764 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /var: %m");
1766 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, "/var/log", 0755, 0, 0);
1768 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /var/log: %m");
1770 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, "/var/log/journal", 0755, 0, 0);
1772 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /var/log/journal: %m");
1774 (void) sd_id128_to_string(arg_uuid
, id
);
1776 p
= strjoina("/var/log/journal/", id
);
1777 q
= prefix_roota(directory
, p
);
1779 if (path_is_mount_point(p
, NULL
, 0) > 0) {
1783 log_error("%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", p
);
1787 if (path_is_mount_point(q
, NULL
, 0) > 0) {
1791 log_error("%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", q
);
1795 r
= readlink_and_make_absolute(p
, &d
);
1797 if (IN_SET(arg_link_journal
, LINK_GUEST
, LINK_AUTO
) &&
1800 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
1802 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", q
);
1807 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to remove symlink %s: %m", p
);
1808 } else if (r
== -EINVAL
) {
1810 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_GUEST
&&
1813 if (errno
== ENOTDIR
) {
1814 log_error("%s already exists and is neither a symlink nor a directory", p
);
1817 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to remove %s: %m", p
);
1819 } else if (r
!= -ENOENT
)
1820 return log_error_errno(r
, "readlink(%s) failed: %m", p
);
1822 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_GUEST
) {
1824 if (symlink(q
, p
) < 0) {
1826 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink %s to %s, skipping journal setup: %m", q
, p
);
1829 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink %s to %s: %m", q
, p
);
1832 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
1834 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", q
);
1838 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_HOST
) {
1839 /* don't create parents here — if the host doesn't have
1840 * permanent journal set up, don't force it here */
1842 r
= mkdir_errno_wrapper(p
, 0755);
1843 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -EEXIST
) {
1845 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s, skipping journal setup: %m", p
);
1848 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s: %m", p
);
1851 } else if (access(p
, F_OK
) < 0)
1854 if (dir_is_empty(q
) == 0)
1855 log_warning("%s is not empty, proceeding anyway.", q
);
1857 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
1859 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s: %m", q
);
1861 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, p
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
1863 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to bind mount journal from host into guest: %m");
1868 static int drop_capabilities(void) {
1869 return capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_caps_retain
, false);
1872 static int reset_audit_loginuid(void) {
1873 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
1876 if ((arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWPID
) == 0)
1879 r
= read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &p
);
1883 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read /proc/self/loginuid: %m");
1885 /* Already reset? */
1886 if (streq(p
, "4294967295"))
1889 r
= write_string_file("/proc/self/loginuid", "4294967295", 0);
1892 "Failed to reset audit login UID. This probably means that your kernel is too\n"
1893 "old and you have audit enabled. Note that the auditing subsystem is known to\n"
1894 "be incompatible with containers on old kernels. Please make sure to upgrade\n"
1895 "your kernel or to off auditing with 'audit=0' on the kernel command line before\n"
1896 "using systemd-nspawn. Sleeping for 5s... (%m)");
1904 static int setup_propagate(const char *root
) {
1908 (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/nspawn/", 0755);
1909 (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate", 0600);
1910 p
= strjoina("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate/", arg_machine
);
1911 (void) mkdir_p(p
, 0600);
1913 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/systemd", 0755, 0, 0);
1915 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/systemd: %m");
1917 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/systemd/nspawn", 0755, 0, 0);
1919 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/systemd/nspawn: %m");
1921 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/systemd/nspawn/incoming", 0600, 0, 0);
1923 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/systemd/nspawn/incoming: %m");
1925 q
= prefix_roota(root
, "/run/systemd/nspawn/incoming");
1926 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, p
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
1930 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
, NULL
);
1934 /* machined will MS_MOVE into that directory, and that's only
1935 * supported for non-shared mounts. */
1936 return mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_SLAVE
, NULL
);
1939 static int setup_machine_id(const char *directory
) {
1940 const char *etc_machine_id
;
1944 /* If the UUID in the container is already set, then that's what counts, and we use. If it isn't set, and the
1945 * caller passed --uuid=, then we'll pass it in the $container_uuid env var to PID 1 of the container. The
1946 * assumption is that PID 1 will then write it to /etc/machine-id to make it persistent. If --uuid= is not
1947 * passed we generate a random UUID, and pass it via $container_uuid. In effect this means that /etc/machine-id
1948 * in the container and our idea of the container UUID will always be in sync (at least if PID 1 in the
1949 * container behaves nicely). */
1951 etc_machine_id
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/etc/machine-id");
1953 r
= id128_read(etc_machine_id
, ID128_PLAIN
, &id
);
1955 if (!IN_SET(r
, -ENOENT
, -ENOMEDIUM
)) /* If the file is missing or empty, we don't mind */
1956 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read machine ID from container image: %m");
1958 if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
)) {
1959 r
= sd_id128_randomize(&arg_uuid
);
1961 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to acquire randomized machine UUID: %m");
1964 if (sd_id128_is_null(id
)) {
1965 log_error("Machine ID in container image is zero, refusing.");
1975 static int recursive_chown(const char *directory
, uid_t shift
, uid_t range
) {
1980 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
|| !arg_userns_chown
)
1983 r
= path_patch_uid(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
1984 if (r
== -EOPNOTSUPP
)
1985 return log_error_errno(r
, "Automatic UID/GID adjusting is only supported for UID/GID ranges starting at multiples of 2^16 with a range of 2^16.");
1987 return log_error_errno(r
, "Upper 16 bits of root directory UID and GID do not match.");
1989 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to adjust UID/GID shift of OS tree: %m");
1991 log_debug("Root directory of image is already owned by the right UID/GID range, skipping recursive chown operation.");
1993 log_debug("Patched directory tree to match UID/GID range.");
2000 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
2001 * container, the container was terminated by a signal, or
2002 * failed for an unknown reason. No change is made to the
2003 * container argument.
2004 * > 0 : The program executed in the container terminated with an
2005 * error. The exit code of the program executed in the
2006 * container is returned. The container argument has been set
2007 * to CONTAINER_TERMINATED.
2008 * 0 : The container is being rebooted, has been shut down or exited
2009 * successfully. The container argument has been set to either
2010 * CONTAINER_TERMINATED or CONTAINER_REBOOTED.
2012 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
2013 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
2015 static int wait_for_container(pid_t pid
, ContainerStatus
*container
) {
2019 r
= wait_for_terminate(pid
, &status
);
2021 return log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to wait for container: %m");
2023 switch (status
.si_code
) {
2026 if (status
.si_status
== 0)
2027 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s exited successfully.", arg_machine
);
2029 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s failed with error code %i.", arg_machine
, status
.si_status
);
2031 *container
= CONTAINER_TERMINATED
;
2032 return status
.si_status
;
2035 if (status
.si_status
== SIGINT
) {
2036 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s has been shut down.", arg_machine
);
2037 *container
= CONTAINER_TERMINATED
;
2040 } else if (status
.si_status
== SIGHUP
) {
2041 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s is being rebooted.", arg_machine
);
2042 *container
= CONTAINER_REBOOTED
;
2048 log_error("Container %s terminated by signal %s.", arg_machine
, signal_to_string(status
.si_status
));
2052 log_error("Container %s failed due to unknown reason.", arg_machine
);
2057 static int on_orderly_shutdown(sd_event_source
*s
, const struct signalfd_siginfo
*si
, void *userdata
) {
2060 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2062 if (kill(pid
, arg_kill_signal
) >= 0) {
2063 log_info("Trying to halt container. Send SIGTERM again to trigger immediate termination.");
2064 sd_event_source_set_userdata(s
, NULL
);
2069 sd_event_exit(sd_event_source_get_event(s
), 0);
2073 static int on_sigchld(sd_event_source
*s
, const struct signalfd_siginfo
*ssi
, void *userdata
) {
2079 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2084 if (waitid(P_ALL
, 0, &si
, WNOHANG
|WNOWAIT
|WEXITED
) < 0)
2085 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to waitid(): %m");
2086 if (si
.si_pid
== 0) /* No pending children. */
2088 if (si
.si_pid
== pid
) {
2089 /* The main process we care for has exited. Return from
2090 * signal handler but leave the zombie. */
2091 sd_event_exit(sd_event_source_get_event(s
), 0);
2095 /* Reap all other children. */
2096 (void) waitid(P_PID
, si
.si_pid
, &si
, WNOHANG
|WEXITED
);
2102 static int on_request_stop(sd_bus_message
*m
, void *userdata
, sd_bus_error
*error
) {
2107 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2109 if (arg_kill_signal
> 0) {
2110 log_info("Container termination requested. Attempting to halt container.");
2111 (void) kill(pid
, arg_kill_signal
);
2113 log_info("Container termination requested. Exiting.");
2114 sd_event_exit(sd_bus_get_event(sd_bus_message_get_bus(m
)), 0);
2120 static int determine_names(void) {
2123 if (arg_template
&& !arg_directory
&& arg_machine
) {
2125 /* If --template= was specified then we should not
2126 * search for a machine, but instead create a new one
2127 * in /var/lib/machine. */
2129 arg_directory
= strjoin("/var/lib/machines/", arg_machine
);
2134 if (!arg_image
&& !arg_directory
) {
2136 _cleanup_(image_unrefp
) Image
*i
= NULL
;
2138 r
= image_find(arg_machine
, &i
);
2140 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to find image for machine '%s': %m", arg_machine
);
2142 log_error("No image for machine '%s'.", arg_machine
);
2146 if (IN_SET(i
->type
, IMAGE_RAW
, IMAGE_BLOCK
))
2147 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_image
, i
->path
);
2149 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_directory
, i
->path
);
2154 arg_read_only
= arg_read_only
|| i
->read_only
;
2156 r
= safe_getcwd(&arg_directory
);
2158 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine current directory: %m");
2161 if (!arg_directory
&& !arg_image
) {
2162 log_error("Failed to determine path, please use -D or -i.");
2169 if (arg_directory
&& path_equal(arg_directory
, "/"))
2170 arg_machine
= gethostname_malloc();
2175 arg_machine
= strdup(basename(arg_image
));
2177 /* Truncate suffix if there is one */
2178 e
= endswith(arg_machine
, ".raw");
2182 arg_machine
= strdup(basename(arg_directory
));
2187 hostname_cleanup(arg_machine
);
2188 if (!machine_name_is_valid(arg_machine
)) {
2189 log_error("Failed to determine machine name automatically, please use -M.");
2193 if (arg_ephemeral
) {
2196 /* Add a random suffix when this is an
2197 * ephemeral machine, so that we can run many
2198 * instances at once without manually having
2199 * to specify -M each time. */
2201 if (asprintf(&b
, "%s-%016" PRIx64
, arg_machine
, random_u64()) < 0)
2212 static int chase_symlinks_and_update(char **p
, unsigned flags
) {
2221 r
= chase_symlinks(*p
, NULL
, flags
, &chased
);
2223 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve path %s: %m", *p
);
2225 free_and_replace(*p
, chased
);
2226 return r
; /* r might be an fd here in case we ever use CHASE_OPEN in flags */
2229 static int determine_uid_shift(const char *directory
) {
2232 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
2237 if (arg_uid_shift
== UID_INVALID
) {
2240 r
= stat(directory
, &st
);
2242 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to determine UID base of %s: %m", directory
);
2244 arg_uid_shift
= st
.st_uid
& UINT32_C(0xffff0000);
2246 if (arg_uid_shift
!= (st
.st_gid
& UINT32_C(0xffff0000))) {
2247 log_error("UID and GID base of %s don't match.", directory
);
2251 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
2254 if (arg_uid_shift
> (uid_t
) -1 - arg_uid_range
) {
2255 log_error("UID base too high for UID range.");
2262 static int inner_child(
2264 const char *directory
,
2270 _cleanup_free_
char *home
= NULL
;
2273 const char *envp
[] = {
2274 "PATH=" DEFAULT_PATH_COMPAT
,
2275 NULL
, /* container */
2280 NULL
, /* container_uuid */
2281 NULL
, /* LISTEN_FDS */
2282 NULL
, /* LISTEN_PID */
2283 NULL
, /* NOTIFY_SOCKET */
2286 const char *exec_target
;
2288 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **env_use
= NULL
;
2293 assert(kmsg_socket
>= 0);
2295 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
2296 /* Tell the parent, that it now can write the UID map. */
2297 (void) barrier_place(barrier
); /* #1 */
2299 /* Wait until the parent wrote the UID map */
2300 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) { /* #2 */
2301 log_error("Parent died too early");
2306 r
= reset_uid_gid();
2308 return log_error_errno(r
, "Couldn't become new root: %m");
2311 arg_mount_settings
| MOUNT_IN_USERNS
,
2314 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
2318 if (!arg_network_namespace_path
&& arg_private_network
) {
2319 r
= unshare(CLONE_NEWNET
);
2321 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to unshare network namespace: %m");
2323 /* Tell the parent that it can setup network interfaces. */
2324 (void) barrier_place(barrier
); /* #3 */
2327 r
= mount_sysfs(NULL
, arg_mount_settings
);
2331 /* Wait until we are cgroup-ified, so that we
2332 * can mount the right cgroup path writable */
2333 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) { /* #4 */
2334 log_error("Parent died too early");
2338 if (arg_use_cgns
&& cg_ns_supported()) {
2339 r
= unshare(CLONE_NEWCGROUP
);
2341 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to unshare cgroup namespace: %m");
2344 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
,
2345 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
2348 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
2353 r
= mount_systemd_cgroup_writable("", arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
);
2358 r
= setup_boot_id();
2362 r
= setup_kmsg(kmsg_socket
);
2365 kmsg_socket
= safe_close(kmsg_socket
);
2370 return log_error_errno(errno
, "setsid() failed: %m");
2372 if (arg_private_network
)
2375 if (arg_expose_ports
) {
2376 r
= expose_port_send_rtnl(rtnl_socket
);
2379 rtnl_socket
= safe_close(rtnl_socket
);
2382 r
= drop_capabilities();
2384 return log_error_errno(r
, "drop_capabilities() failed: %m");
2388 if (arg_personality
!= PERSONALITY_INVALID
) {
2389 r
= safe_personality(arg_personality
);
2391 return log_error_errno(r
, "personality() failed: %m");
2392 } else if (secondary
) {
2393 r
= safe_personality(PER_LINUX32
);
2395 return log_error_errno(r
, "personality() failed: %m");
2399 if (arg_selinux_context
)
2400 if (setexeccon(arg_selinux_context
) < 0)
2401 return log_error_errno(errno
, "setexeccon(\"%s\") failed: %m", arg_selinux_context
);
2404 r
= change_uid_gid(arg_user
, &home
);
2408 /* LXC sets container=lxc, so follow the scheme here */
2409 envp
[n_env
++] = strjoina("container=", arg_container_service_name
);
2411 envp
[n_env
] = strv_find_prefix(environ
, "TERM=");
2415 if ((asprintf((char**)(envp
+ n_env
++), "HOME=%s", home
? home
: "/root") < 0) ||
2416 (asprintf((char**)(envp
+ n_env
++), "USER=%s", arg_user
? arg_user
: "root") < 0) ||
2417 (asprintf((char**)(envp
+ n_env
++), "LOGNAME=%s", arg_user
? arg_user
: "root") < 0))
2420 assert(!sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
));
2422 if (asprintf((char**)(envp
+ n_env
++), "container_uuid=%s", id128_to_uuid_string(arg_uuid
, as_uuid
)) < 0)
2425 if (fdset_size(fds
) > 0) {
2426 r
= fdset_cloexec(fds
, false);
2428 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to unset O_CLOEXEC for file descriptors.");
2430 if ((asprintf((char **)(envp
+ n_env
++), "LISTEN_FDS=%u", fdset_size(fds
)) < 0) ||
2431 (asprintf((char **)(envp
+ n_env
++), "LISTEN_PID=1") < 0))
2434 if (asprintf((char **)(envp
+ n_env
++), "NOTIFY_SOCKET=%s", NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
) < 0)
2437 env_use
= strv_env_merge(2, envp
, arg_setenv
);
2441 /* Let the parent know that we are ready and
2442 * wait until the parent is ready with the
2444 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) { /* #5 */
2445 log_error("Parent died too early");
2450 if (chdir(arg_chdir
) < 0)
2451 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to change to specified working directory %s: %m", arg_chdir
);
2453 if (arg_start_mode
== START_PID2
) {
2454 r
= stub_pid1(arg_uuid
);
2459 /* Now, explicitly close the log, so that we
2460 * then can close all remaining fds. Closing
2461 * the log explicitly first has the benefit
2462 * that the logging subsystem knows about it,
2463 * and is thus ready to be reopened should we
2464 * need it again. Note that the other fds
2465 * closed here are at least the locking and
2468 (void) fdset_close_others(fds
);
2470 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
) {
2474 /* Automatically search for the init system */
2476 m
= strv_length(arg_parameters
);
2477 a
= newa(char*, m
+ 2);
2478 memcpy_safe(a
+ 1, arg_parameters
, m
* sizeof(char*));
2481 a
[0] = (char*) "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd";
2482 execve(a
[0], a
, env_use
);
2484 a
[0] = (char*) "/lib/systemd/systemd";
2485 execve(a
[0], a
, env_use
);
2487 a
[0] = (char*) "/sbin/init";
2488 execve(a
[0], a
, env_use
);
2490 exec_target
= "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd, /lib/systemd/systemd, /sbin/init";
2491 } else if (!strv_isempty(arg_parameters
)) {
2492 exec_target
= arg_parameters
[0];
2493 execvpe(arg_parameters
[0], arg_parameters
, env_use
);
2496 /* If we cannot change the directory, we'll end up in /, that is expected. */
2497 (void) chdir(home
?: "/root");
2499 execle("/bin/bash", "-bash", NULL
, env_use
);
2500 execle("/bin/sh", "-sh", NULL
, env_use
);
2502 exec_target
= "/bin/bash, /bin/sh";
2507 return log_error_errno(r
, "execv(%s) failed: %m", exec_target
);
2510 static int setup_sd_notify_child(void) {
2511 static const int one
= 1;
2513 union sockaddr_union sa
= {
2514 .sa
.sa_family
= AF_UNIX
,
2518 fd
= socket(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_DGRAM
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
|SOCK_NONBLOCK
, 0);
2520 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to allocate notification socket: %m");
2522 (void) mkdir_parents(NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
, 0755);
2523 (void) unlink(NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
);
2525 strncpy(sa
.un
.sun_path
, NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
, sizeof(sa
.un
.sun_path
)-1);
2526 r
= bind(fd
, &sa
.sa
, SOCKADDR_UN_LEN(sa
.un
));
2529 return log_error_errno(errno
, "bind(%s) failed: %m", sa
.un
.sun_path
);
2532 r
= userns_lchown(NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
, 0, 0);
2535 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown " NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
": %m");
2538 r
= setsockopt(fd
, SOL_SOCKET
, SO_PASSCRED
, &one
, sizeof(one
));
2541 return log_error_errno(errno
, "SO_PASSCRED failed: %m");
2547 static int outer_child(
2549 const char *directory
,
2550 const char *console
,
2551 DissectedImage
*dissected_image
,
2559 int uid_shift_socket
,
2560 int unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
,
2567 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
2572 assert(pid_socket
>= 0);
2573 assert(uuid_socket
>= 0);
2574 assert(notify_socket
>= 0);
2575 assert(kmsg_socket
>= 0);
2577 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
, SIGKILL
) < 0)
2578 return log_error_errno(errno
, "PR_SET_PDEATHSIG failed: %m");
2583 terminal
= open_terminal(console
, O_RDWR
);
2585 return log_error_errno(terminal
, "Failed to open console: %m");
2587 r
= rearrange_stdio(terminal
, terminal
, terminal
); /* invalidates 'terminal' on success and failure */
2589 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to move console to stdin/stdout/stderr: %m");
2592 r
= reset_audit_loginuid();
2596 /* Mark everything as slave, so that we still
2597 * receive mounts from the real root, but don't
2598 * propagate mounts to the real root. */
2599 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, "/", NULL
, MS_SLAVE
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
2603 if (dissected_image
) {
2604 /* If we are operating on a disk image, then mount its root directory now, but leave out the rest. We
2605 * can read the UID shift from it if we need to. Further down we'll mount the rest, but then with the
2606 * uid shift known. That way we can mount VFAT file systems shifted to the right place right away. This
2607 * makes sure ESP partitions and userns are compatible. */
2609 r
= dissected_image_mount(dissected_image
, directory
, arg_uid_shift
,
2610 DISSECT_IMAGE_MOUNT_ROOT_ONLY
|DISSECT_IMAGE_DISCARD_ON_LOOP
|(arg_read_only
? DISSECT_IMAGE_READ_ONLY
: 0));
2615 r
= determine_uid_shift(directory
);
2619 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
2620 /* Let the parent know which UID shift we read from the image */
2621 l
= send(uid_shift_socket
, &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof(arg_uid_shift
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
2623 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send UID shift: %m");
2624 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uid_shift
)) {
2625 log_error("Short write while sending UID shift.");
2629 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
2630 /* When we are supposed to pick the UID shift, the parent will check now whether the UID shift
2631 * we just read from the image is available. If yes, it will send the UID shift back to us, if
2632 * not it will pick a different one, and send it back to us. */
2634 l
= recv(uid_shift_socket
, &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof(arg_uid_shift
), 0);
2636 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to recv UID shift: %m");
2637 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uid_shift
)) {
2638 log_error("Short read while receiving UID shift.");
2643 log_info("Selected user namespace base " UID_FMT
" and range " UID_FMT
".", arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
2646 if (dissected_image
) {
2647 /* Now we know the uid shift, let's now mount everything else that might be in the image. */
2648 r
= dissected_image_mount(dissected_image
, directory
, arg_uid_shift
,
2649 DISSECT_IMAGE_MOUNT_NON_ROOT_ONLY
|DISSECT_IMAGE_DISCARD_ON_LOOP
|(arg_read_only
? DISSECT_IMAGE_READ_ONLY
: 0));
2654 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
) {
2655 /* OK, we don't know yet which cgroup mode to use yet. Let's figure it out, and tell the parent. */
2657 r
= detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_image(directory
);
2661 l
= send(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
, &arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
2663 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send cgroup mode: %m");
2664 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
)) {
2665 log_error("Short write while sending cgroup mode: %m");
2669 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
= safe_close(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
);
2672 /* Turn directory into bind mount */
2673 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, directory
, directory
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
2677 r
= setup_pivot_root(
2680 arg_pivot_root_old
);
2687 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
2690 arg_selinux_context
);
2694 r
= setup_volatile_state(
2697 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
2700 arg_selinux_context
);
2704 /* Mark everything as shared so our mounts get propagated down. This is
2705 * required to make new bind mounts available in systemd services
2706 * inside the containter that create a new mount namespace.
2707 * See https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3860
2708 * Further submounts (such as /dev) done after this will inherit the
2709 * shared propagation mode. */
2710 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, directory
, NULL
, MS_SHARED
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
2714 r
= recursive_chown(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
2718 r
= base_filesystem_create(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
);
2722 if (arg_read_only
) {
2723 r
= bind_remount_recursive(directory
, true, NULL
);
2725 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to make tree read-only: %m");
2728 r
= mount_all(directory
,
2732 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
2736 r
= copy_devnodes(directory
);
2740 dev_setup(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
);
2742 r
= setup_pts(directory
);
2746 r
= setup_propagate(directory
);
2750 r
= setup_dev_console(directory
, console
);
2754 r
= setup_keyring();
2758 r
= setup_seccomp(arg_caps_retain
, arg_syscall_whitelist
, arg_syscall_blacklist
);
2762 r
= setup_timezone(directory
);
2766 r
= setup_resolv_conf(directory
);
2770 r
= setup_machine_id(directory
);
2774 r
= setup_journal(directory
);
2781 arg_n_custom_mounts
,
2782 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
2785 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
2789 if (!arg_use_cgns
|| !cg_ns_supported()) {
2792 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
,
2793 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
2796 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
2802 r
= mount_move_root(directory
);
2804 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to move root directory: %m");
2806 fd
= setup_sd_notify_child();
2810 pid
= raw_clone(SIGCHLD
|CLONE_NEWNS
|
2811 arg_clone_ns_flags
|
2812 (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
? CLONE_NEWUSER
: 0));
2814 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to fork inner child: %m");
2816 pid_socket
= safe_close(pid_socket
);
2817 uuid_socket
= safe_close(uuid_socket
);
2818 notify_socket
= safe_close(notify_socket
);
2819 uid_shift_socket
= safe_close(uid_shift_socket
);
2821 /* The inner child has all namespaces that are
2822 * requested, so that we all are owned by the user if
2823 * user namespaces are turned on. */
2825 if (arg_network_namespace_path
) {
2826 r
= namespace_enter(-1, -1, netns_fd
, -1, -1);
2831 r
= inner_child(barrier
, directory
, secondary
, kmsg_socket
, rtnl_socket
, fds
);
2833 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
2835 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS
);
2838 l
= send(pid_socket
, &pid
, sizeof(pid
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
2840 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send PID: %m");
2841 if (l
!= sizeof(pid
)) {
2842 log_error("Short write while sending PID.");
2846 l
= send(uuid_socket
, &arg_uuid
, sizeof(arg_uuid
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
2848 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send machine ID: %m");
2849 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uuid
)) {
2850 log_error("Short write while sending machine ID.");
2854 l
= send_one_fd(notify_socket
, fd
, 0);
2856 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send notify fd: %m");
2858 pid_socket
= safe_close(pid_socket
);
2859 uuid_socket
= safe_close(uuid_socket
);
2860 notify_socket
= safe_close(notify_socket
);
2861 kmsg_socket
= safe_close(kmsg_socket
);
2862 rtnl_socket
= safe_close(rtnl_socket
);
2863 netns_fd
= safe_close(netns_fd
);
2868 static int uid_shift_pick(uid_t
*shift
, LockFile
*ret_lock_file
) {
2869 bool tried_hashed
= false;
2870 unsigned n_tries
= 100;
2875 assert(ret_lock_file
);
2876 assert(arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
);
2877 assert(arg_uid_range
== 0x10000U
);
2881 (void) mkdir("/run/systemd/nspawn-uid", 0755);
2884 char lock_path
[STRLEN("/run/systemd/nspawn-uid/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t
) + 1];
2885 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile lf
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
2890 if (candidate
< CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
|| candidate
> CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MAX
)
2892 if ((candidate
& UINT32_C(0xFFFF)) != 0)
2895 xsprintf(lock_path
, "/run/systemd/nspawn-uid/" UID_FMT
, candidate
);
2896 r
= make_lock_file(lock_path
, LOCK_EX
|LOCK_NB
, &lf
);
2897 if (r
== -EBUSY
) /* Range already taken by another nspawn instance */
2902 /* Make some superficial checks whether the range is currently known in the user database */
2903 if (getpwuid(candidate
))
2905 if (getpwuid(candidate
+ UINT32_C(0xFFFE)))
2907 if (getgrgid(candidate
))
2909 if (getgrgid(candidate
+ UINT32_C(0xFFFE)))
2912 *ret_lock_file
= lf
;
2913 lf
= (struct LockFile
) LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
2918 if (arg_machine
&& !tried_hashed
) {
2919 /* Try to hash the base from the container name */
2921 static const uint8_t hash_key
[] = {
2922 0xe1, 0x56, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0x4a, 0xf0, 0x41, 0xaf,
2923 0x96, 0x41, 0xcf, 0x41, 0x33, 0x94, 0xff, 0x72
2926 candidate
= (uid_t
) siphash24(arg_machine
, strlen(arg_machine
), hash_key
);
2928 tried_hashed
= true;
2930 random_bytes(&candidate
, sizeof(candidate
));
2932 candidate
= (candidate
% (CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MAX
- CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
)) + CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
;
2933 candidate
&= (uid_t
) UINT32_C(0xFFFF0000);
2937 static int setup_uid_map(pid_t pid
) {
2938 char uid_map
[STRLEN("/proc//uid_map") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t
) + 1], line
[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t
)*3+3+1];
2943 xsprintf(uid_map
, "/proc/" PID_FMT
"/uid_map", pid
);
2944 xsprintf(line
, UID_FMT
" " UID_FMT
" " UID_FMT
"\n", 0, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
2945 r
= write_string_file(uid_map
, line
, 0);
2947 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write UID map: %m");
2949 /* We always assign the same UID and GID ranges */
2950 xsprintf(uid_map
, "/proc/" PID_FMT
"/gid_map", pid
);
2951 r
= write_string_file(uid_map
, line
, 0);
2953 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write GID map: %m");
2958 static int nspawn_dispatch_notify_fd(sd_event_source
*source
, int fd
, uint32_t revents
, void *userdata
) {
2959 char buf
[NOTIFY_BUFFER_MAX
+1];
2961 struct iovec iovec
= {
2963 .iov_len
= sizeof(buf
)-1,
2966 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr
;
2967 uint8_t buf
[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct ucred
)) +
2968 CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int) * NOTIFY_FD_MAX
)];
2970 struct msghdr msghdr
= {
2973 .msg_control
= &control
,
2974 .msg_controllen
= sizeof(control
),
2976 struct cmsghdr
*cmsg
;
2977 struct ucred
*ucred
= NULL
;
2979 pid_t inner_child_pid
;
2980 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **tags
= NULL
;
2984 inner_child_pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2986 if (revents
!= EPOLLIN
) {
2987 log_warning("Got unexpected poll event for notify fd.");
2991 n
= recvmsg(fd
, &msghdr
, MSG_DONTWAIT
|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC
);
2993 if (IN_SET(errno
, EAGAIN
, EINTR
))
2996 return log_warning_errno(errno
, "Couldn't read notification socket: %m");
2998 cmsg_close_all(&msghdr
);
3000 CMSG_FOREACH(cmsg
, &msghdr
) {
3001 if (cmsg
->cmsg_level
== SOL_SOCKET
&&
3002 cmsg
->cmsg_type
== SCM_CREDENTIALS
&&
3003 cmsg
->cmsg_len
== CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ucred
))) {
3005 ucred
= (struct ucred
*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg
);
3009 if (!ucred
|| ucred
->pid
!= inner_child_pid
) {
3010 log_debug("Received notify message without valid credentials. Ignoring.");
3014 if ((size_t) n
>= sizeof(buf
)) {
3015 log_warning("Received notify message exceeded maximum size. Ignoring.");
3020 tags
= strv_split(buf
, "\n\r");
3024 if (strv_find(tags
, "READY=1"))
3025 sd_notifyf(false, "READY=1\n");
3027 p
= strv_find_startswith(tags
, "STATUS=");
3029 sd_notifyf(false, "STATUS=Container running: %s", p
);
3034 static int setup_sd_notify_parent(sd_event
*event
, int fd
, pid_t
*inner_child_pid
, sd_event_source
**notify_event_source
) {
3037 r
= sd_event_add_io(event
, notify_event_source
, fd
, EPOLLIN
, nspawn_dispatch_notify_fd
, inner_child_pid
);
3039 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to allocate notify event source: %m");
3041 (void) sd_event_source_set_description(*notify_event_source
, "nspawn-notify");
3046 static int load_settings(void) {
3047 _cleanup_(settings_freep
) Settings
*settings
= NULL
;
3048 _cleanup_fclose_
FILE *f
= NULL
;
3049 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
3053 /* If all settings are masked, there's no point in looking for
3054 * the settings file */
3055 if ((arg_settings_mask
& _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL
) == _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL
)
3058 fn
= strjoina(arg_machine
, ".nspawn");
3060 /* We first look in the admin's directories in /etc and /run */
3061 FOREACH_STRING(i
, "/etc/systemd/nspawn", "/run/systemd/nspawn") {
3062 _cleanup_free_
char *j
= NULL
;
3064 j
= strjoin(i
, "/", fn
);
3072 /* By default, we trust configuration from /etc and /run */
3073 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
3074 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
3079 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
3080 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open %s: %m", j
);
3084 /* After that, let's look for a file next to the
3085 * actual image we shall boot. */
3088 p
= file_in_same_dir(arg_image
, fn
);
3091 } else if (arg_directory
) {
3092 p
= file_in_same_dir(arg_directory
, fn
);
3099 if (!f
&& errno
!= ENOENT
)
3100 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open %s: %m", p
);
3102 /* By default, we do not trust configuration from /var/lib/machines */
3103 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
3104 arg_settings_trusted
= false;
3111 log_debug("Settings are trusted: %s", yes_no(arg_settings_trusted
));
3113 r
= settings_load(f
, p
, &settings
);
3117 /* Copy over bits from the settings, unless they have been
3118 * explicitly masked by command line switches. */
3120 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_START_MODE
) == 0 &&
3121 settings
->start_mode
>= 0) {
3122 arg_start_mode
= settings
->start_mode
;
3124 strv_free(arg_parameters
);
3125 arg_parameters
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->parameters
);
3128 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_PIVOT_ROOT
) == 0 &&
3129 settings
->pivot_root_new
) {
3130 free_and_replace(arg_pivot_root_new
, settings
->pivot_root_new
);
3131 free_and_replace(arg_pivot_root_old
, settings
->pivot_root_old
);
3134 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_WORKING_DIRECTORY
) == 0 &&
3135 settings
->working_directory
)
3136 free_and_replace(arg_chdir
, settings
->working_directory
);
3138 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_ENVIRONMENT
) == 0 &&
3139 settings
->environment
) {
3140 strv_free(arg_setenv
);
3141 arg_setenv
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->environment
);
3144 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USER
) == 0 &&
3146 free_and_replace(arg_user
, settings
->user
);
3148 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CAPABILITY
) == 0) {
3151 plus
= settings
->capability
;
3152 if (settings_private_network(settings
))
3153 plus
|= (1ULL << CAP_NET_ADMIN
);
3155 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& plus
!= 0) {
3156 if (settings
->capability
!= 0)
3157 log_warning("Ignoring Capability= setting, file %s is not trusted.", p
);
3159 arg_caps_retain
|= plus
;
3161 arg_caps_retain
&= ~settings
->drop_capability
;
3164 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_KILL_SIGNAL
) == 0 &&
3165 settings
->kill_signal
> 0)
3166 arg_kill_signal
= settings
->kill_signal
;
3168 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_PERSONALITY
) == 0 &&
3169 settings
->personality
!= PERSONALITY_INVALID
)
3170 arg_personality
= settings
->personality
;
3172 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_MACHINE_ID
) == 0 &&
3173 !sd_id128_is_null(settings
->machine_id
)) {
3175 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3176 log_warning("Ignoring MachineID= setting, file %s is not trusted.", p
);
3178 arg_uuid
= settings
->machine_id
;
3181 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_READ_ONLY
) == 0 &&
3182 settings
->read_only
>= 0)
3183 arg_read_only
= settings
->read_only
;
3185 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_VOLATILE_MODE
) == 0 &&
3186 settings
->volatile_mode
!= _VOLATILE_MODE_INVALID
)
3187 arg_volatile_mode
= settings
->volatile_mode
;
3189 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
) == 0 &&
3190 settings
->n_custom_mounts
> 0) {
3192 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3193 log_warning("Ignoring TemporaryFileSystem=, Bind= and BindReadOnly= settings, file %s is not trusted.", p
);
3195 custom_mount_free_all(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
3196 arg_custom_mounts
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->custom_mounts
);
3197 arg_n_custom_mounts
= settings
->n_custom_mounts
;
3198 settings
->n_custom_mounts
= 0;
3202 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NETWORK
) == 0 &&
3203 (settings
->private_network
>= 0 ||
3204 settings
->network_veth
>= 0 ||
3205 settings
->network_bridge
||
3206 settings
->network_zone
||
3207 settings
->network_interfaces
||
3208 settings
->network_macvlan
||
3209 settings
->network_ipvlan
||
3210 settings
->network_veth_extra
)) {
3212 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3213 log_warning("Ignoring network settings, file %s is not trusted.", p
);
3215 arg_network_veth
= settings_network_veth(settings
);
3216 arg_private_network
= settings_private_network(settings
);
3218 strv_free(arg_network_interfaces
);
3219 arg_network_interfaces
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->network_interfaces
);
3221 strv_free(arg_network_macvlan
);
3222 arg_network_macvlan
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->network_macvlan
);
3224 strv_free(arg_network_ipvlan
);
3225 arg_network_ipvlan
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->network_ipvlan
);
3227 strv_free(arg_network_veth_extra
);
3228 arg_network_veth_extra
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->network_veth_extra
);
3230 free_and_replace(arg_network_bridge
, settings
->network_bridge
);
3231 free_and_replace(arg_network_zone
, settings
->network_zone
);
3235 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_EXPOSE_PORTS
) == 0 &&
3236 settings
->expose_ports
) {
3238 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3239 log_warning("Ignoring Port= setting, file %s is not trusted.", p
);
3241 expose_port_free_all(arg_expose_ports
);
3242 arg_expose_ports
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->expose_ports
);
3246 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USERNS
) == 0 &&
3247 settings
->userns_mode
!= _USER_NAMESPACE_MODE_INVALID
) {
3249 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3250 log_warning("Ignoring PrivateUsers= and PrivateUsersChown= settings, file %s is not trusted.", p
);
3252 arg_userns_mode
= settings
->userns_mode
;
3253 arg_uid_shift
= settings
->uid_shift
;
3254 arg_uid_range
= settings
->uid_range
;
3255 arg_userns_chown
= settings
->userns_chown
;
3259 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NOTIFY_READY
) == 0)
3260 arg_notify_ready
= settings
->notify_ready
;
3262 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_SYSCALL_FILTER
) == 0) {
3264 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& !strv_isempty(arg_syscall_whitelist
))
3265 log_warning("Ignoring SystemCallFilter= settings, file %s is not trusted.", p
);
3267 strv_free(arg_syscall_whitelist
);
3268 strv_free(arg_syscall_blacklist
);
3270 arg_syscall_whitelist
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->syscall_whitelist
);
3271 arg_syscall_blacklist
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->syscall_blacklist
);
3278 static int run(int master
,
3279 const char* console
,
3280 DissectedImage
*dissected_image
,
3284 char veth_name
[IFNAMSIZ
], bool *veth_created
,
3285 union in_addr_union
*exposed
,
3286 pid_t
*pid
, int *ret
) {
3288 static const struct sigaction sa
= {
3289 .sa_handler
= nop_signal_handler
,
3290 .sa_flags
= SA_NOCLDSTOP
|SA_RESTART
,
3293 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile uid_shift_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
3294 _cleanup_close_
int etc_passwd_lock
= -1;
3295 _cleanup_close_pair_
int
3296 kmsg_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
3297 rtnl_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
3298 pid_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
3299 uuid_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
3300 notify_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
3301 uid_shift_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
3302 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1};
3304 _cleanup_close_
int notify_socket
= -1;
3305 _cleanup_(barrier_destroy
) Barrier barrier
= BARRIER_NULL
;
3306 _cleanup_(sd_event_source_unrefp
) sd_event_source
*notify_event_source
= NULL
;
3307 _cleanup_(sd_event_unrefp
) sd_event
*event
= NULL
;
3308 _cleanup_(pty_forward_freep
) PTYForward
*forward
= NULL
;
3309 _cleanup_(sd_netlink_unrefp
) sd_netlink
*rtnl
= NULL
;
3310 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp
) sd_bus
*bus
= NULL
;
3311 ContainerStatus container_status
= 0;
3316 _cleanup_close_
int netns_fd
= -1;
3318 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask_chld
) == 0);
3319 assert_se(sigaddset(&mask_chld
, SIGCHLD
) == 0);
3321 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
3322 /* When we shall pick the UID/GID range, let's first lock /etc/passwd, so that we can safely
3323 * check with getpwuid() if the specific user already exists. Note that /etc might be
3324 * read-only, in which case this will fail with EROFS. But that's really OK, as in that case we
3325 * can be reasonably sure that no users are going to be added. Note that getpwuid() checks are
3326 * really just an extra safety net. We kinda assume that the UID range we allocate from is
3329 etc_passwd_lock
= take_etc_passwd_lock(NULL
);
3330 if (etc_passwd_lock
< 0 && etc_passwd_lock
!= -EROFS
)
3331 return log_error_errno(etc_passwd_lock
, "Failed to take /etc/passwd lock: %m");
3334 r
= barrier_create(&barrier
);
3336 return log_error_errno(r
, "Cannot initialize IPC barrier: %m");
3338 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, kmsg_socket_pair
) < 0)
3339 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create kmsg socket pair: %m");
3341 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, rtnl_socket_pair
) < 0)
3342 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create rtnl socket pair: %m");
3344 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, pid_socket_pair
) < 0)
3345 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create pid socket pair: %m");
3347 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, uuid_socket_pair
) < 0)
3348 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create id socket pair: %m");
3350 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, notify_socket_pair
) < 0)
3351 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create notify socket pair: %m");
3353 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
3354 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, uid_shift_socket_pair
) < 0)
3355 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create uid shift socket pair: %m");
3357 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
)
3358 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
) < 0)
3359 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create unified cgroup socket pair: %m");
3361 /* Child can be killed before execv(), so handle SIGCHLD in order to interrupt
3362 * parent's blocking calls and give it a chance to call wait() and terminate. */
3363 r
= sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK
, &mask_chld
, NULL
);
3365 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to change the signal mask: %m");
3367 r
= sigaction(SIGCHLD
, &sa
, NULL
);
3369 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to install SIGCHLD handler: %m");
3371 if (arg_network_namespace_path
) {
3372 netns_fd
= open(arg_network_namespace_path
, O_RDONLY
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
3374 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Cannot open file %s: %m", arg_network_namespace_path
);
3376 r
= fd_is_network_ns(netns_fd
);
3377 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -ENOTTY
)
3378 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to check %s fs type: %m", arg_network_namespace_path
);
3380 log_error("Path %s doesn't refer to a network namespace", arg_network_namespace_path
);
3385 *pid
= raw_clone(SIGCHLD
|CLONE_NEWNS
);
3387 return log_error_errno(errno
, "clone() failed%s: %m",
3389 ", do you have namespace support enabled in your kernel? (You need UTS, IPC, PID and NET namespacing built in)" : "");
3392 /* The outer child only has a file system namespace. */
3393 barrier_set_role(&barrier
, BARRIER_CHILD
);
3395 master
= safe_close(master
);
3397 kmsg_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair
[0]);
3398 rtnl_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(rtnl_socket_pair
[0]);
3399 pid_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(pid_socket_pair
[0]);
3400 uuid_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(uuid_socket_pair
[0]);
3401 notify_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(notify_socket_pair
[0]);
3402 uid_shift_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(uid_shift_socket_pair
[0]);
3403 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[0]);
3405 (void) reset_all_signal_handlers();
3406 (void) reset_signal_mask();
3408 r
= outer_child(&barrier
,
3415 uuid_socket_pair
[1],
3416 notify_socket_pair
[1],
3417 kmsg_socket_pair
[1],
3418 rtnl_socket_pair
[1],
3419 uid_shift_socket_pair
[1],
3420 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[1],
3424 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
3426 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS
);
3429 barrier_set_role(&barrier
, BARRIER_PARENT
);
3431 fds
= fdset_free(fds
);
3433 kmsg_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair
[1]);
3434 rtnl_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(rtnl_socket_pair
[1]);
3435 pid_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(pid_socket_pair
[1]);
3436 uuid_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(uuid_socket_pair
[1]);
3437 notify_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(notify_socket_pair
[1]);
3438 uid_shift_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(uid_shift_socket_pair
[1]);
3439 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[1]);
3441 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
3442 /* The child just let us know the UID shift it might have read from the image. */
3443 l
= recv(uid_shift_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof arg_uid_shift
, 0);
3445 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read UID shift: %m");
3446 if (l
!= sizeof arg_uid_shift
) {
3447 log_error("Short read while reading UID shift.");
3451 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
3452 /* If we are supposed to pick the UID shift, let's try to use the shift read from the
3453 * image, but if that's already in use, pick a new one, and report back to the child,
3454 * which one we now picked. */
3456 r
= uid_shift_pick(&arg_uid_shift
, &uid_shift_lock
);
3458 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to pick suitable UID/GID range: %m");
3460 l
= send(uid_shift_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof arg_uid_shift
, MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3462 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send UID shift: %m");
3463 if (l
!= sizeof arg_uid_shift
) {
3464 log_error("Short write while writing UID shift.");
3470 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
) {
3471 /* The child let us know the support cgroup mode it might have read from the image. */
3472 l
= recv(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[0], &arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
), 0);
3474 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read cgroup mode: %m");
3475 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
)) {
3476 log_error("Short read while reading cgroup mode.");
3481 /* Wait for the outer child. */
3482 r
= wait_for_terminate_and_check("(sd-namespace)", *pid
, WAIT_LOG_ABNORMAL
);
3485 if (r
!= EXIT_SUCCESS
)
3488 /* And now retrieve the PID of the inner child. */
3489 l
= recv(pid_socket_pair
[0], pid
, sizeof *pid
, 0);
3491 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read inner child PID: %m");
3492 if (l
!= sizeof *pid
) {
3493 log_error("Short read while reading inner child PID.");
3497 /* We also retrieve container UUID in case it was generated by outer child */
3498 l
= recv(uuid_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uuid
, sizeof arg_uuid
, 0);
3500 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read container machine ID: %m");
3501 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uuid
)) {
3502 log_error("Short read while reading container machined ID.");
3506 /* We also retrieve the socket used for notifications generated by outer child */
3507 notify_socket
= receive_one_fd(notify_socket_pair
[0], 0);
3508 if (notify_socket
< 0)
3509 return log_error_errno(notify_socket
,
3510 "Failed to receive notification socket from the outer child: %m");
3512 log_debug("Init process invoked as PID "PID_FMT
, *pid
);
3514 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
3515 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) { /* #1 */
3516 log_error("Child died too early.");
3520 r
= setup_uid_map(*pid
);
3524 (void) barrier_place(&barrier
); /* #2 */
3527 if (arg_private_network
) {
3529 if (!arg_network_namespace_path
) {
3530 /* Wait until the child has unshared its network namespace. */
3531 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) { /* #3 */
3532 log_error("Child died too early");
3537 r
= move_network_interfaces(*pid
, arg_network_interfaces
);
3541 if (arg_network_veth
) {
3542 r
= setup_veth(arg_machine
, *pid
, veth_name
,
3543 arg_network_bridge
|| arg_network_zone
);
3549 if (arg_network_bridge
) {
3550 /* Add the interface to a bridge */
3551 r
= setup_bridge(veth_name
, arg_network_bridge
, false);
3556 } else if (arg_network_zone
) {
3557 /* Add the interface to a bridge, possibly creating it */
3558 r
= setup_bridge(veth_name
, arg_network_zone
, true);
3566 r
= setup_veth_extra(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
3570 /* We created the primary and extra veth links now; let's remember this, so that we know to
3571 remove them later on. Note that we don't bother with removing veth links that were created
3572 here when their setup failed half-way, because in that case the kernel should be able to
3573 remove them on its own, since they cannot be referenced by anything yet. */
3574 *veth_created
= true;
3576 r
= setup_macvlan(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_macvlan
);
3580 r
= setup_ipvlan(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_ipvlan
);
3585 if (arg_register
|| !arg_keep_unit
) {
3586 r
= sd_bus_default_system(&bus
);
3588 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open system bus: %m");
3591 if (!arg_keep_unit
) {
3592 /* When a new scope is created for this container, then we'll be registered as its controller, in which
3593 * case PID 1 will send us a friendly RequestStop signal, when it is asked to terminate the
3594 * scope. Let's hook into that, and cleanly shut down the container, and print a friendly message. */
3596 r
= sd_bus_match_signal_async(
3599 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
3601 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Scope",
3603 on_request_stop
, NULL
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
3605 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to request RequestStop match: %m");
3610 r
= register_machine(
3618 arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3622 arg_container_service_name
);
3626 } else if (!arg_keep_unit
) {
3633 arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3639 } else if (arg_slice
|| arg_property
)
3640 log_notice("Machine and scope registration turned off, --slice= and --property= settings will have no effect.");
3642 r
= sync_cgroup(*pid
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, arg_uid_shift
);
3646 if (arg_keep_unit
) {
3647 r
= create_subcgroup(*pid
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
);
3652 r
= chown_cgroup(*pid
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, arg_uid_shift
);
3656 /* Notify the child that the parent is ready with all
3657 * its setup (including cgroup-ification), and that
3658 * the child can now hand over control to the code to
3659 * run inside the container. */
3660 (void) barrier_place(&barrier
); /* #4 */
3662 /* Block SIGCHLD here, before notifying child.
3663 * process_pty() will handle it with the other signals. */
3664 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK
, &mask_chld
, NULL
) >= 0);
3666 /* Reset signal to default */
3667 r
= default_signals(SIGCHLD
, -1);
3669 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to reset SIGCHLD: %m");
3671 r
= sd_event_new(&event
);
3673 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to get default event source: %m");
3675 (void) sd_event_set_watchdog(event
, true);
3678 r
= sd_bus_attach_event(bus
, event
, 0);
3680 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to attach bus to event loop: %m");
3683 r
= setup_sd_notify_parent(event
, notify_socket
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
), ¬ify_event_source
);
3687 /* Let the child know that we are ready and wait that the child is completely ready now. */
3688 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) { /* #5 */
3689 log_error("Child died too early.");
3693 /* At this point we have made use of the UID we picked, and thus nss-mymachines
3694 * will make them appear in getpwuid(), thus we can release the /etc/passwd lock. */
3695 etc_passwd_lock
= safe_close(etc_passwd_lock
);
3698 "STATUS=Container running.\n"
3699 "X_NSPAWN_LEADER_PID=" PID_FMT
, *pid
);
3700 if (!arg_notify_ready
)
3701 sd_notify(false, "READY=1\n");
3703 if (arg_kill_signal
> 0) {
3704 /* Try to kill the init system on SIGINT or SIGTERM */
3705 sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGINT
, on_orderly_shutdown
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
3706 sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGTERM
, on_orderly_shutdown
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
3708 /* Immediately exit */
3709 sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGINT
, NULL
, NULL
);
3710 sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGTERM
, NULL
, NULL
);
3713 /* Exit when the child exits */
3714 sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGCHLD
, on_sigchld
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
3716 if (arg_expose_ports
) {
3717 r
= expose_port_watch_rtnl(event
, rtnl_socket_pair
[0], on_address_change
, exposed
, &rtnl
);
3721 (void) expose_port_execute(rtnl
, arg_expose_ports
, exposed
);
3724 rtnl_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(rtnl_socket_pair
[0]);
3726 r
= pty_forward_new(event
, master
,
3727 PTY_FORWARD_IGNORE_VHANGUP
| (interactive
? 0 : PTY_FORWARD_READ_ONLY
),
3730 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create PTY forwarder: %m");
3732 r
= sd_event_loop(event
);
3734 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to run event loop: %m");
3736 pty_forward_get_last_char(forward
, &last_char
);
3738 forward
= pty_forward_free(forward
);
3740 if (!arg_quiet
&& last_char
!= '\n')
3743 /* Kill if it is not dead yet anyway */
3744 if (arg_register
&& !arg_keep_unit
&& bus
)
3745 terminate_machine(bus
, *pid
);
3747 /* Normally redundant, but better safe than sorry */
3748 (void) kill(*pid
, SIGKILL
);
3750 r
= wait_for_container(*pid
, &container_status
);
3754 /* We failed to wait for the container, or the container exited abnormally. */
3756 if (r
> 0 || container_status
== CONTAINER_TERMINATED
) {
3757 /* r > 0 → The container exited with a non-zero status.
3758 * As a special case, we need to replace 133 with a different value,
3759 * because 133 is special-cased in the service file to reboot the container.
3760 * otherwise → The container exited with zero status and a reboot was not requested.
3762 if (r
== EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
)
3763 r
= EXIT_FAILURE
; /* replace 133 with the general failure code */
3765 return 0; /* finito */
3768 /* CONTAINER_REBOOTED, loop again */
3770 if (arg_keep_unit
) {
3771 /* Special handling if we are running as a service: instead of simply
3772 * restarting the machine we want to restart the entire service, so let's
3773 * inform systemd about this with the special exit code 133. The service
3774 * file uses RestartForceExitStatus=133 so that this results in a full
3775 * nspawn restart. This is necessary since we might have cgroup parameters
3776 * set we want to have flushed out. */
3777 *ret
= EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
;
3778 return 0; /* finito */
3781 expose_port_flush(arg_expose_ports
, exposed
);
3783 (void) remove_veth_links(veth_name
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
3784 *veth_created
= false;
3785 return 1; /* loop again */
3788 int main(int argc
, char *argv
[]) {
3790 _cleanup_free_
char *console
= NULL
;
3791 _cleanup_close_
int master
= -1;
3792 _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet
*fds
= NULL
;
3793 int r
, n_fd_passed
, ret
= EXIT_SUCCESS
;
3794 char veth_name
[IFNAMSIZ
] = "";
3795 bool secondary
= false, remove_directory
= false, remove_image
= false;
3797 union in_addr_union exposed
= {};
3798 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile tree_global_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
, tree_local_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
3799 bool interactive
, veth_created
= false, remove_tmprootdir
= false;
3800 char tmprootdir
[] = "/tmp/nspawn-root-XXXXXX";
3801 _cleanup_(loop_device_unrefp
) LoopDevice
*loop
= NULL
;
3802 _cleanup_(decrypted_image_unrefp
) DecryptedImage
*decrypted_image
= NULL
;
3803 _cleanup_(dissected_image_unrefp
) DissectedImage
*dissected_image
= NULL
;
3805 log_parse_environment();
3808 /* Make sure rename_process() in the stub init process can work */
3812 r
= parse_argv(argc
, argv
);
3820 r
= determine_names();
3824 r
= load_settings();
3828 r
= verify_arguments();
3832 r
= detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment();
3836 n_fd_passed
= sd_listen_fds(false);
3837 if (n_fd_passed
> 0) {
3838 r
= fdset_new_listen_fds(&fds
, false);
3840 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to collect file descriptors: %m");
3845 if (arg_directory
) {
3848 if (path_equal(arg_directory
, "/") && !arg_ephemeral
) {
3849 log_error("Spawning container on root directory is not supported. Consider using --ephemeral.");
3854 if (arg_ephemeral
) {
3855 _cleanup_free_
char *np
= NULL
;
3857 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_directory
, 0);
3861 /* If the specified path is a mount point we
3862 * generate the new snapshot immediately
3863 * inside it under a random name. However if
3864 * the specified is not a mount point we
3865 * create the new snapshot in the parent
3866 * directory, just next to it. */
3867 r
= path_is_mount_point(arg_directory
, NULL
, 0);
3869 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether directory %s is mount point: %m", arg_directory
);
3873 r
= tempfn_random_child(arg_directory
, "machine.", &np
);
3875 r
= tempfn_random(arg_directory
, "machine.", &np
);
3877 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate name for directory snapshot: %m");
3881 r
= image_path_lock(np
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
3883 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to lock %s: %m", np
);
3887 r
= btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_directory
, np
,
3888 (arg_read_only
? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY
: 0) |
3889 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY
|
3890 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY
|
3891 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE
|
3892 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA
);
3894 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create snapshot %s from %s: %m", np
, arg_directory
);
3898 free_and_replace(arg_directory
, np
);
3900 remove_directory
= true;
3903 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_directory
, arg_template
? CHASE_NONEXISTENT
: 0);
3907 r
= image_path_lock(arg_directory
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
3909 log_error_errno(r
, "Directory tree %s is currently busy.", arg_directory
);
3913 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to lock %s: %m", arg_directory
);
3918 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_template
, 0);
3922 r
= btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_template
, arg_directory
,
3923 (arg_read_only
? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY
: 0) |
3924 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY
|
3925 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY
|
3926 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_IMMUTABLE
|
3927 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE
|
3928 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA
);
3931 log_info("Directory %s already exists, not populating from template %s.", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
3933 log_error_errno(r
, "Couldn't create snapshot %s from %s: %m", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
3937 log_info("Populated %s from template %s.", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
3942 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
) {
3943 if (path_is_os_tree(arg_directory
) <= 0) {
3944 log_error("Directory %s doesn't look like an OS root directory (os-release file is missing). Refusing.", arg_directory
);
3951 p
= strjoina(arg_directory
, "/usr/");
3952 if (laccess(p
, F_OK
) < 0) {
3953 log_error("Directory %s doesn't look like it has an OS tree. Refusing.", arg_directory
);
3961 assert(!arg_template
);
3963 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_image
, 0);
3967 if (arg_ephemeral
) {
3968 _cleanup_free_
char *np
= NULL
;
3970 r
= tempfn_random(arg_image
, "machine.", &np
);
3972 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate name for image snapshot: %m");
3976 r
= image_path_lock(np
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
3978 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create image lock: %m");
3982 r
= copy_file(arg_image
, np
, O_EXCL
, arg_read_only
? 0400 : 0600, FS_NOCOW_FL
, COPY_REFLINK
);
3984 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to copy image file: %m");
3988 free_and_replace(arg_image
, np
);
3990 remove_image
= true;
3992 r
= image_path_lock(arg_image
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
3994 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Disk image %s is currently busy.", arg_image
);
3998 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create image lock: %m");
4002 if (!arg_root_hash
) {
4003 r
= root_hash_load(arg_image
, &arg_root_hash
, &arg_root_hash_size
);
4005 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to load root hash file for %s: %m", arg_image
);
4011 if (!mkdtemp(tmprootdir
)) {
4012 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
4016 remove_tmprootdir
= true;
4018 arg_directory
= strdup(tmprootdir
);
4019 if (!arg_directory
) {
4024 r
= loop_device_make_by_path(arg_image
, arg_read_only
? O_RDONLY
: O_RDWR
, &loop
);
4026 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set up loopback block device: %m");
4030 r
= dissect_image_and_warn(
4033 arg_root_hash
, arg_root_hash_size
,
4034 DISSECT_IMAGE_REQUIRE_ROOT
,
4037 /* dissected_image_and_warn() already printed a brief error message. Extend on that with more details */
4038 log_notice("Note that the disk image needs to\n"
4039 " a) either contain only a single MBR partition of type 0x83 that is marked bootable\n"
4040 " b) or contain a single GPT partition of type 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4\n"
4041 " c) or follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/\n"
4042 " d) or contain a file system without a partition table\n"
4043 "in order to be bootable with systemd-nspawn.");
4049 if (!arg_root_hash
&& dissected_image
->can_verity
)
4050 log_notice("Note: image %s contains verity information, but no root hash specified! Proceeding without integrity checking.", arg_image
);
4052 r
= dissected_image_decrypt_interactively(dissected_image
, NULL
, arg_root_hash
, arg_root_hash_size
, 0, &decrypted_image
);
4056 /* Now that we mounted the image, let's try to remove it again, if it is ephemeral */
4057 if (remove_image
&& unlink(arg_image
) >= 0)
4058 remove_image
= false;
4061 r
= custom_mount_prepare_all(arg_directory
, arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
4066 isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) > 0 &&
4067 isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
) > 0;
4069 master
= posix_openpt(O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NDELAY
);
4071 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to acquire pseudo tty: %m");
4075 r
= ptsname_malloc(master
, &console
);
4077 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine tty name: %m");
4081 if (arg_selinux_apifs_context
) {
4082 r
= mac_selinux_apply(console
, arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
4087 if (unlockpt(master
) < 0) {
4088 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to unlock tty: %m");
4093 log_info("Spawning container %s on %s.\nPress ^] three times within 1s to kill container.",
4094 arg_machine
, arg_image
?: arg_directory
);
4096 assert_se(sigprocmask_many(SIG_BLOCK
, NULL
, SIGCHLD
, SIGWINCH
, SIGTERM
, SIGINT
, -1) >= 0);
4098 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
, 1) < 0) {
4099 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to become subreaper: %m");
4107 interactive
, secondary
,
4109 veth_name
, &veth_created
,
4118 r
== 0 && ret
== EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
? "STOPPING=1\nSTATUS=Restarting..." :
4119 "STOPPING=1\nSTATUS=Terminating...");
4122 (void) kill(pid
, SIGKILL
);
4124 /* Try to flush whatever is still queued in the pty */
4126 (void) copy_bytes(master
, STDOUT_FILENO
, (uint64_t) -1, 0);
4127 master
= safe_close(master
);
4131 (void) wait_for_terminate(pid
, NULL
);
4133 if (remove_directory
&& arg_directory
) {
4136 k
= rm_rf(arg_directory
, REMOVE_ROOT
|REMOVE_PHYSICAL
|REMOVE_SUBVOLUME
);
4138 log_warning_errno(k
, "Cannot remove '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_directory
);
4141 if (remove_image
&& arg_image
) {
4142 if (unlink(arg_image
) < 0)
4143 log_warning_errno(errno
, "Can't remove image file '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_image
);
4146 if (remove_tmprootdir
) {
4147 if (rmdir(tmprootdir
) < 0)
4148 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Can't remove temporary root directory '%s', ignoring: %m", tmprootdir
);
4154 p
= strjoina("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate/", arg_machine
);
4155 (void) rm_rf(p
, REMOVE_ROOT
);
4158 expose_port_flush(arg_expose_ports
, &exposed
);
4161 (void) remove_veth_links(veth_name
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
4162 (void) remove_bridge(arg_network_zone
);
4164 free(arg_directory
);
4169 free(arg_pivot_root_new
);
4170 free(arg_pivot_root_old
);
4172 strv_free(arg_setenv
);
4173 free(arg_network_bridge
);
4174 strv_free(arg_network_interfaces
);
4175 strv_free(arg_network_macvlan
);
4176 strv_free(arg_network_ipvlan
);
4177 strv_free(arg_network_veth_extra
);
4178 strv_free(arg_parameters
);
4179 custom_mount_free_all(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
4180 expose_port_free_all(arg_expose_ports
);
4181 free(arg_root_hash
);
4183 return r
< 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE
: ret
;