1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
10 #include <linux/loop.h>
14 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
21 #include <sys/personality.h>
22 #include <sys/prctl.h>
23 #include <sys/types.h>
28 #include "sd-daemon.h"
31 #include "alloc-util.h"
33 #include "base-filesystem.h"
34 #include "blkid-util.h"
35 #include "btrfs-util.h"
36 #include "bus-error.h"
39 #include "capability-util.h"
40 #include "cgroup-util.h"
42 #include "cpu-set-util.h"
43 #include "dev-setup.h"
44 #include "dissect-image.h"
49 #include "format-util.h"
52 #include "hexdecoct.h"
53 #include "hostname-util.h"
54 #include "id128-util.h"
56 #include "loop-util.h"
57 #include "loopback-setup.h"
58 #include "machine-image.h"
60 #include "main-func.h"
63 #include "mount-util.h"
64 #include "mountpoint-util.h"
65 #include "namespace-util.h"
66 #include "netlink-util.h"
67 #include "nspawn-cgroup.h"
68 #include "nspawn-def.h"
69 #include "nspawn-expose-ports.h"
70 #include "nspawn-mount.h"
71 #include "nspawn-network.h"
72 #include "nspawn-oci.h"
73 #include "nspawn-patch-uid.h"
74 #include "nspawn-register.h"
75 #include "nspawn-seccomp.h"
76 #include "nspawn-settings.h"
77 #include "nspawn-setuid.h"
78 #include "nspawn-stub-pid1.h"
79 #include "nulstr-util.h"
82 #include "parse-util.h"
83 #include "path-util.h"
84 #include "pretty-print.h"
85 #include "process-util.h"
87 #include "random-util.h"
88 #include "raw-clone.h"
89 #include "rlimit-util.h"
92 #include "seccomp-util.h"
94 #include "selinux-util.h"
95 #include "signal-util.h"
96 #include "socket-util.h"
97 #include "stat-util.h"
98 #include "stdio-util.h"
99 #include "string-table.h"
100 #include "string-util.h"
102 #include "sysctl-util.h"
103 #include "terminal-util.h"
104 #include "tmpfile-util.h"
105 #include "umask-util.h"
106 #include "user-util.h"
110 #define STATIC_RESOLV_CONF "/lib/systemd/resolv.conf"
112 #define STATIC_RESOLV_CONF "/usr/lib/systemd/resolv.conf"
115 /* nspawn is listening on the socket at the path in the constant nspawn_notify_socket_path
116 * nspawn_notify_socket_path is relative to the container
117 * the init process in the container pid can send messages to nspawn following the sd_notify(3) protocol */
118 #define NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH "/run/systemd/nspawn/notify"
120 #define EXIT_FORCE_RESTART 133
122 typedef enum ContainerStatus
{
123 CONTAINER_TERMINATED
,
127 static char *arg_directory
= NULL
;
128 static char *arg_template
= NULL
;
129 static char *arg_chdir
= NULL
;
130 static char *arg_pivot_root_new
= NULL
;
131 static char *arg_pivot_root_old
= NULL
;
132 static char *arg_user
= NULL
;
133 static uid_t arg_uid
= UID_INVALID
;
134 static gid_t arg_gid
= GID_INVALID
;
135 static gid_t
* arg_supplementary_gids
= NULL
;
136 static size_t arg_n_supplementary_gids
= 0;
137 static sd_id128_t arg_uuid
= {};
138 static char *arg_machine
= NULL
; /* The name used by the host to refer to this */
139 static char *arg_hostname
= NULL
; /* The name the payload sees by default */
140 static const char *arg_selinux_context
= NULL
;
141 static const char *arg_selinux_apifs_context
= NULL
;
142 static char *arg_slice
= NULL
;
143 static bool arg_private_network
= false;
144 static bool arg_read_only
= false;
145 static StartMode arg_start_mode
= START_PID1
;
146 static bool arg_ephemeral
= false;
147 static LinkJournal arg_link_journal
= LINK_AUTO
;
148 static bool arg_link_journal_try
= false;
149 static uint64_t arg_caps_retain
=
150 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL
) |
151 (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_WRITE
) |
152 (1ULL << CAP_CHOWN
) |
153 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE
) |
154 (1ULL << CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH
) |
155 (1ULL << CAP_FOWNER
) |
156 (1ULL << CAP_FSETID
) |
157 (1ULL << CAP_IPC_OWNER
) |
159 (1ULL << CAP_LEASE
) |
160 (1ULL << CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE
) |
161 (1ULL << CAP_MKNOD
) |
162 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
) |
163 (1ULL << CAP_NET_BROADCAST
) |
164 (1ULL << CAP_NET_RAW
) |
165 (1ULL << CAP_SETFCAP
) |
166 (1ULL << CAP_SETGID
) |
167 (1ULL << CAP_SETPCAP
) |
168 (1ULL << CAP_SETUID
) |
169 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_ADMIN
) |
170 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_BOOT
) |
171 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_CHROOT
) |
172 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_NICE
) |
173 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_PTRACE
) |
174 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_RESOURCE
) |
175 (1ULL << CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG
);
176 static CapabilityQuintet arg_full_capabilities
= CAPABILITY_QUINTET_NULL
;
177 static CustomMount
*arg_custom_mounts
= NULL
;
178 static size_t arg_n_custom_mounts
= 0;
179 static char **arg_setenv
= NULL
;
180 static bool arg_quiet
= false;
181 static bool arg_register
= true;
182 static bool arg_keep_unit
= false;
183 static char **arg_network_interfaces
= NULL
;
184 static char **arg_network_macvlan
= NULL
;
185 static char **arg_network_ipvlan
= NULL
;
186 static bool arg_network_veth
= false;
187 static char **arg_network_veth_extra
= NULL
;
188 static char *arg_network_bridge
= NULL
;
189 static char *arg_network_zone
= NULL
;
190 static char *arg_network_namespace_path
= NULL
;
191 static PagerFlags arg_pager_flags
= 0;
192 static unsigned long arg_personality
= PERSONALITY_INVALID
;
193 static char *arg_image
= NULL
;
194 static char *arg_oci_bundle
= NULL
;
195 static VolatileMode arg_volatile_mode
= VOLATILE_NO
;
196 static ExposePort
*arg_expose_ports
= NULL
;
197 static char **arg_property
= NULL
;
198 static sd_bus_message
*arg_property_message
= NULL
;
199 static UserNamespaceMode arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
;
200 static uid_t arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
, arg_uid_range
= 0x10000U
;
201 static bool arg_userns_chown
= false;
202 static int arg_kill_signal
= 0;
203 static CGroupUnified arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
;
204 static SettingsMask arg_settings_mask
= 0;
205 static int arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
206 static char **arg_parameters
= NULL
;
207 static const char *arg_container_service_name
= "systemd-nspawn";
208 static bool arg_notify_ready
= false;
209 static bool arg_use_cgns
= true;
210 static unsigned long arg_clone_ns_flags
= CLONE_NEWIPC
|CLONE_NEWPID
|CLONE_NEWUTS
;
211 static MountSettingsMask arg_mount_settings
= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
|MOUNT_APPLY_TMPFS_TMP
;
212 static void *arg_root_hash
= NULL
;
213 static size_t arg_root_hash_size
= 0;
214 static char **arg_syscall_whitelist
= NULL
;
215 static char **arg_syscall_blacklist
= NULL
;
217 static scmp_filter_ctx arg_seccomp
= NULL
;
219 static struct rlimit
*arg_rlimit
[_RLIMIT_MAX
] = {};
220 static bool arg_no_new_privileges
= false;
221 static int arg_oom_score_adjust
= 0;
222 static bool arg_oom_score_adjust_set
= false;
223 static cpu_set_t
*arg_cpuset
= NULL
;
224 static unsigned arg_cpuset_ncpus
= 0;
225 static ResolvConfMode arg_resolv_conf
= RESOLV_CONF_AUTO
;
226 static TimezoneMode arg_timezone
= TIMEZONE_AUTO
;
227 static unsigned arg_console_width
= (unsigned) -1, arg_console_height
= (unsigned) -1;
228 static DeviceNode
* arg_extra_nodes
= NULL
;
229 static size_t arg_n_extra_nodes
= 0;
230 static char **arg_sysctl
= NULL
;
231 static ConsoleMode arg_console_mode
= _CONSOLE_MODE_INVALID
;
233 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_directory
, freep
);
234 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_template
, freep
);
235 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_chdir
, freep
);
236 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_pivot_root_new
, freep
);
237 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_pivot_root_old
, freep
);
238 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_user
, freep
);
239 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_supplementary_gids
, freep
);
240 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_machine
, freep
);
241 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_hostname
, freep
);
242 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_slice
, freep
);
243 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_setenv
, strv_freep
);
244 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_interfaces
, strv_freep
);
245 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_macvlan
, strv_freep
);
246 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_ipvlan
, strv_freep
);
247 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_veth_extra
, strv_freep
);
248 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_bridge
, freep
);
249 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_zone
, freep
);
250 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_network_namespace_path
, freep
);
251 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_image
, freep
);
252 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_oci_bundle
, freep
);
253 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_property
, strv_freep
);
254 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_property_message
, sd_bus_message_unrefp
);
255 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_parameters
, strv_freep
);
256 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_root_hash
, freep
);
257 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_syscall_whitelist
, strv_freep
);
258 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_syscall_blacklist
, strv_freep
);
260 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_seccomp
, seccomp_releasep
);
262 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_cpuset
, CPU_FREEp
);
263 STATIC_DESTRUCTOR_REGISTER(arg_sysctl
, strv_freep
);
265 static int help(void) {
266 _cleanup_free_
char *link
= NULL
;
269 (void) pager_open(arg_pager_flags
);
271 r
= terminal_urlify_man("systemd-nspawn", "1", &link
);
275 printf("%1$s [OPTIONS...] [PATH] [ARGUMENTS...]\n\n"
276 "Spawn a command or OS in a light-weight container.\n\n"
277 " -h --help Show this help\n"
278 " --version Print version string\n"
279 " -q --quiet Do not show status information\n"
280 " --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
281 " --settings=BOOLEAN Load additional settings from .nspawn file\n\n"
283 " -D --directory=PATH Root directory for the container\n"
284 " --template=PATH Initialize root directory from template directory,\n"
286 " -x --ephemeral Run container with snapshot of root directory, and\n"
287 " remove it after exit\n"
288 " -i --image=PATH Root file system disk image (or device node) for\n"
290 " --oci-bundle=PATH OCI bundle directory\n"
291 " --read-only Mount the root directory read-only\n"
292 " --volatile[=MODE] Run the system in volatile mode\n"
293 " --root-hash=HASH Specify verity root hash for root disk image\n"
294 " --pivot-root=PATH[:PATH]\n"
295 " Pivot root to given directory in the container\n\n"
296 "%3$sExecution:%4$s\n"
297 " -a --as-pid2 Maintain a stub init as PID1, invoke binary as PID2\n"
298 " -b --boot Boot up full system (i.e. invoke init)\n"
299 " --chdir=PATH Set working directory in the container\n"
300 " -E --setenv=NAME=VALUE Pass an environment variable to PID 1\n"
301 " -u --user=USER Run the command under specified user or UID\n"
302 " --kill-signal=SIGNAL Select signal to use for shutting down PID 1\n"
303 " --notify-ready=BOOLEAN Receive notifications from the child init process\n\n"
304 "%3$sSystem Identity:%4$s\n"
305 " -M --machine=NAME Set the machine name for the container\n"
306 " --hostname=NAME Override the hostname for the container\n"
307 " --uuid=UUID Set a specific machine UUID for the container\n\n"
308 "%3$sProperties:%4$s\n"
309 " -S --slice=SLICE Place the container in the specified slice\n"
310 " --property=NAME=VALUE Set scope unit property\n"
311 " --register=BOOLEAN Register container as machine\n"
312 " --keep-unit Do not register a scope for the machine, reuse\n"
313 " the service unit nspawn is running in\n\n"
314 "%3$sUser Namespacing:%4$s\n"
315 " -U --private-users=pick Run within user namespace, autoselect UID/GID range\n"
316 " --private-users[=UIDBASE[:NUIDS]]\n"
317 " Similar, but with user configured UID/GID range\n"
318 " --private-users-chown Adjust OS tree ownership to private UID/GID range\n\n"
319 "%3$sNetworking:%4$s\n"
320 " --private-network Disable network in container\n"
321 " --network-interface=INTERFACE\n"
322 " Assign an existing network interface to the\n"
324 " --network-macvlan=INTERFACE\n"
325 " Create a macvlan network interface based on an\n"
326 " existing network interface to the container\n"
327 " --network-ipvlan=INTERFACE\n"
328 " Create a ipvlan network interface based on an\n"
329 " existing network interface to the container\n"
330 " -n --network-veth Add a virtual Ethernet connection between host\n"
332 " --network-veth-extra=HOSTIF[:CONTAINERIF]\n"
333 " Add an additional virtual Ethernet link between\n"
334 " host and container\n"
335 " --network-bridge=INTERFACE\n"
336 " Add a virtual Ethernet connection to the container\n"
337 " and attach it to an existing bridge on the host\n"
338 " --network-zone=NAME Similar, but attach the new interface to an\n"
339 " an automatically managed bridge interface\n"
340 " --network-namespace-path=PATH\n"
341 " Set network namespace to the one represented by\n"
342 " the specified kernel namespace file node\n"
343 " -p --port=[PROTOCOL:]HOSTPORT[:CONTAINERPORT]\n"
344 " Expose a container IP port on the host\n\n"
345 "%3$sSecurity:%4$s\n"
346 " --capability=CAP In addition to the default, retain specified\n"
348 " --drop-capability=CAP Drop the specified capability from the default set\n"
349 " --no-new-privileges Set PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS flag for container payload\n"
350 " --system-call-filter=LIST|~LIST\n"
351 " Permit/prohibit specific system calls\n"
352 " -Z --selinux-context=SECLABEL\n"
353 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
354 " processes in the container\n"
355 " -L --selinux-apifs-context=SECLABEL\n"
356 " Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
357 " API/tmpfs file systems in the container\n\n"
358 "%3$sResources:%4$s\n"
359 " --rlimit=NAME=LIMIT Set a resource limit for the payload\n"
360 " --oom-score-adjust=VALUE\n"
361 " Adjust the OOM score value for the payload\n"
362 " --cpu-affinity=CPUS Adjust the CPU affinity of the container\n"
363 " --personality=ARCH Pick personality for this container\n\n"
364 "%3$sIntegration:%4$s\n"
365 " --resolv-conf=MODE Select mode of /etc/resolv.conf initialization\n"
366 " --timezone=MODE Select mode of /etc/localtime initialization\n"
367 " --link-journal=MODE Link up guest journal, one of no, auto, guest, \n"
368 " host, try-guest, try-host\n"
369 " -j Equivalent to --link-journal=try-guest\n\n"
371 " --bind=PATH[:PATH[:OPTIONS]]\n"
372 " Bind mount a file or directory from the host into\n"
374 " --bind-ro=PATH[:PATH[:OPTIONS]\n"
375 " Similar, but creates a read-only bind mount\n"
376 " --inaccessible=PATH Over-mount file node with inaccessible node to mask\n"
378 " --tmpfs=PATH:[OPTIONS] Mount an empty tmpfs to the specified directory\n"
379 " --overlay=PATH[:PATH...]:PATH\n"
380 " Create an overlay mount from the host to \n"
382 " --overlay-ro=PATH[:PATH...]:PATH\n"
383 " Similar, but creates a read-only overlay mount\n\n"
384 "%3$sInput/Output:%4$s\n"
385 " --console=MODE Select how stdin/stdout/stderr and /dev/console are\n"
386 " set up for the container.\n"
387 " -P --pipe Equivalent to --console=pipe\n"
388 "\nSee the %2$s for details.\n"
389 , program_invocation_short_name
391 , ansi_underline(), ansi_normal());
396 static int custom_mount_check_all(void) {
399 for (i
= 0; i
< arg_n_custom_mounts
; i
++) {
400 CustomMount
*m
= &arg_custom_mounts
[i
];
402 if (path_equal(m
->destination
, "/") && arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
403 if (arg_userns_chown
)
404 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
405 "--private-users-chown may not be combined with custom root mounts.");
406 else if (arg_uid_shift
== UID_INVALID
)
407 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
408 "--private-users with automatic UID shift may not be combined with custom root mounts.");
415 static int detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment(void) {
419 /* Allow the user to control whether the unified hierarchy is used */
420 e
= getenv("UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY");
422 r
= parse_boolean(e
);
424 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY.");
426 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL
;
428 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
434 static int detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_image(const char *directory
) {
437 /* Let's inherit the mode to use from the host system, but let's take into consideration what systemd in the
438 * image actually supports. */
439 r
= cg_all_unified();
441 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether we are in all unified mode.");
443 /* Unified cgroup hierarchy support was added in 230. Unfortunately the detection
444 * routine only detects 231, so we'll have a false negative here for 230. */
445 r
= systemd_installation_has_version(directory
, 230);
447 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine systemd version in container: %m");
449 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_ALL
;
451 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
452 } else if (cg_unified_controller(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER
) > 0) {
453 /* Mixed cgroup hierarchy support was added in 233 */
454 r
= systemd_installation_has_version(directory
, 233);
456 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine systemd version in container: %m");
458 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD
;
460 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
462 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
= CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
;
464 log_debug("Using %s hierarchy for container.",
465 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_NONE
? "legacy" :
466 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_SYSTEMD
? "hybrid" : "unified");
471 static void parse_share_ns_env(const char *name
, unsigned long ns_flag
) {
474 r
= getenv_bool(name
);
478 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to parse %s from environment, defaulting to false.", name
);
480 arg_clone_ns_flags
= (arg_clone_ns_flags
& ~ns_flag
) | (r
> 0 ? 0 : ns_flag
);
481 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CLONE_NS_FLAGS
;
484 static void parse_mount_settings_env(void) {
488 r
= getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_TMPFS_TMP");
490 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_TMPFS_TMP
, r
> 0);
491 else if (r
!= -ENXIO
)
492 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_TMPFS_TMP, ignoring: %m");
494 e
= getenv("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_API_VFS_WRITABLE");
498 if (streq(e
, "network")) {
499 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
|MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
;
503 r
= parse_boolean(e
);
505 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to parse SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_API_VFS_WRITABLE from environment, ignoring.");
509 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
, r
== 0);
510 SET_FLAG(arg_mount_settings
, MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
, false);
513 static void parse_environment(void) {
517 parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_IPC", CLONE_NEWIPC
);
518 parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_PID", CLONE_NEWPID
);
519 parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_NS_UTS", CLONE_NEWUTS
);
520 parse_share_ns_env("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_SYSTEM", CLONE_NEWIPC
|CLONE_NEWPID
|CLONE_NEWUTS
);
522 parse_mount_settings_env();
524 /* SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS=0 can be used to disable CLONE_NEWCGROUP use,
525 * even if it is supported. If not supported, it has no effect. */
526 if (!cg_ns_supported())
527 arg_use_cgns
= false;
529 r
= getenv_bool("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS");
532 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to parse $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_USE_CGNS, ignoring: %m");
536 arg_use_cgns
= r
> 0;
537 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USE_CGNS
;
541 e
= getenv("SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_CONTAINER_SERVICE");
543 arg_container_service_name
= e
;
545 detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment();
548 static int parse_argv(int argc
, char *argv
[]) {
566 ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
,
571 ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
,
572 ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
,
582 ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
,
585 ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
,
588 ARG_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
,
589 ARG_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
,
599 static const struct option options
[] = {
600 { "help", no_argument
, NULL
, 'h' },
601 { "version", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VERSION
},
602 { "directory", required_argument
, NULL
, 'D' },
603 { "template", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TEMPLATE
},
604 { "ephemeral", no_argument
, NULL
, 'x' },
605 { "user", required_argument
, NULL
, 'u' },
606 { "private-network", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK
},
607 { "as-pid2", no_argument
, NULL
, 'a' },
608 { "boot", no_argument
, NULL
, 'b' },
609 { "uuid", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_UUID
},
610 { "read-only", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_READ_ONLY
},
611 { "capability", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CAPABILITY
},
612 { "drop-capability", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY
},
613 { "no-new-privileges", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
},
614 { "link-journal", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_LINK_JOURNAL
},
615 { "bind", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_BIND
},
616 { "bind-ro", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_BIND_RO
},
617 { "tmpfs", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TMPFS
},
618 { "overlay", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OVERLAY
},
619 { "overlay-ro", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OVERLAY_RO
},
620 { "inaccessible", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_INACCESSIBLE
},
621 { "machine", required_argument
, NULL
, 'M' },
622 { "hostname", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_HOSTNAME
},
623 { "slice", required_argument
, NULL
, 'S' },
624 { "setenv", required_argument
, NULL
, 'E' },
625 { "selinux-context", required_argument
, NULL
, 'Z' },
626 { "selinux-apifs-context", required_argument
, NULL
, 'L' },
627 { "quiet", no_argument
, NULL
, 'q' },
628 { "share-system", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM
}, /* not documented */
629 { "register", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_REGISTER
},
630 { "keep-unit", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_KEEP_UNIT
},
631 { "network-interface", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
},
632 { "network-macvlan", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN
},
633 { "network-ipvlan", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_IPVLAN
},
634 { "network-veth", no_argument
, NULL
, 'n' },
635 { "network-veth-extra", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
},
636 { "network-bridge", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE
},
637 { "network-zone", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_ZONE
},
638 { "network-namespace-path", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
},
639 { "personality", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PERSONALITY
},
640 { "image", required_argument
, NULL
, 'i' },
641 { "volatile", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_VOLATILE
},
642 { "port", required_argument
, NULL
, 'p' },
643 { "property", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PROPERTY
},
644 { "private-users", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_USERS
},
645 { "private-users-chown", optional_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
},
646 { "kill-signal", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_KILL_SIGNAL
},
647 { "settings", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SETTINGS
},
648 { "chdir", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CHDIR
},
649 { "pivot-root", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PIVOT_ROOT
},
650 { "notify-ready", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NOTIFY_READY
},
651 { "root-hash", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_ROOT_HASH
},
652 { "system-call-filter", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
},
653 { "rlimit", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_RLIMIT
},
654 { "oom-score-adjust", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
},
655 { "cpu-affinity", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CPU_AFFINITY
},
656 { "resolv-conf", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_RESOLV_CONF
},
657 { "timezone", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_TIMEZONE
},
658 { "console", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_CONSOLE
},
659 { "pipe", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_PIPE
},
660 { "oci-bundle", required_argument
, NULL
, ARG_OCI_BUNDLE
},
661 { "no-pager", no_argument
, NULL
, ARG_NO_PAGER
},
667 uint64_t plus
= 0, minus
= 0;
668 bool mask_all_settings
= false, mask_no_settings
= false;
673 while ((c
= getopt_long(argc
, argv
, "+hD:u:abL:M:jS:Z:qi:xp:nUE:P", options
, NULL
)) >= 0)
683 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_directory
);
687 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_DIRECTORY
;
691 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_template
);
695 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_DIRECTORY
;
699 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_image
);
703 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_DIRECTORY
;
707 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_oci_bundle
);
714 arg_ephemeral
= true;
715 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_EPHEMERAL
;
719 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_user
, optarg
);
723 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USER
;
726 case ARG_NETWORK_ZONE
: {
729 j
= strappend("vz-", optarg
);
733 if (!ifname_valid(j
)) {
734 log_error("Network zone name not valid: %s", j
);
739 free_and_replace(arg_network_zone
, j
);
741 arg_network_veth
= true;
742 arg_private_network
= true;
743 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
747 case ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE
:
749 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
750 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
751 "Bridge interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
753 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_network_bridge
, optarg
);
759 arg_network_veth
= true;
760 arg_private_network
= true;
761 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
764 case ARG_NETWORK_VETH_EXTRA
:
765 r
= veth_extra_parse(&arg_network_veth_extra
, optarg
);
767 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --network-veth-extra= parameter: %s", optarg
);
769 arg_private_network
= true;
770 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
773 case ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE
:
774 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
775 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
776 "Network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
778 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_interfaces
, optarg
) < 0)
781 arg_private_network
= true;
782 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
785 case ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN
:
787 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
788 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
789 "MACVLAN network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
791 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_macvlan
, optarg
) < 0)
794 arg_private_network
= true;
795 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
798 case ARG_NETWORK_IPVLAN
:
800 if (!ifname_valid(optarg
))
801 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
802 "IPVLAN network interface name not valid: %s", optarg
);
804 if (strv_extend(&arg_network_ipvlan
, optarg
) < 0)
808 case ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK
:
809 arg_private_network
= true;
810 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
813 case ARG_NETWORK_NAMESPACE_PATH
:
814 r
= parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg
, false, &arg_network_namespace_path
);
818 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NETWORK
;
822 if (arg_start_mode
== START_PID2
)
823 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
824 "--boot and --as-pid2 may not be combined.");
826 arg_start_mode
= START_BOOT
;
827 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
831 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
)
832 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
833 "--boot and --as-pid2 may not be combined.");
835 arg_start_mode
= START_PID2
;
836 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
840 r
= sd_id128_from_string(optarg
, &arg_uuid
);
842 return log_error_errno(r
, "Invalid UUID: %s", optarg
);
844 if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
))
845 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
846 "Machine UUID may not be all zeroes.");
848 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_MACHINE_ID
;
852 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_slice
, optarg
);
856 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_SLICE
;
861 arg_machine
= mfree(arg_machine
);
863 if (!machine_name_is_valid(optarg
))
864 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
865 "Invalid machine name: %s", optarg
);
867 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_machine
, optarg
);
875 arg_hostname
= mfree(arg_hostname
);
877 if (!hostname_is_valid(optarg
, false))
878 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
879 "Invalid hostname: %s", optarg
);
881 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_hostname
, optarg
);
886 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_HOSTNAME
;
890 arg_selinux_context
= optarg
;
894 arg_selinux_apifs_context
= optarg
;
898 arg_read_only
= true;
899 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_READ_ONLY
;
903 case ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY
: {
906 _cleanup_free_
char *t
= NULL
;
908 r
= extract_first_word(&p
, &t
, ",", 0);
910 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse capability %s.", t
);
914 if (streq(t
, "all")) {
915 if (c
== ARG_CAPABILITY
)
916 plus
= (uint64_t) -1;
918 minus
= (uint64_t) -1;
920 r
= capability_from_name(t
);
922 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse capability %s.", t
);
924 if (c
== ARG_CAPABILITY
)
931 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CAPABILITY
;
935 case ARG_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
:
936 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
938 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --no-new-privileges= argument: %s", optarg
);
940 arg_no_new_privileges
= r
;
941 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
;
945 arg_link_journal
= LINK_GUEST
;
946 arg_link_journal_try
= true;
947 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_LINK_JOURNAL
;
950 case ARG_LINK_JOURNAL
:
951 r
= parse_link_journal(optarg
, &arg_link_journal
, &arg_link_journal_try
);
953 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse link journal mode %s", optarg
);
955 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_LINK_JOURNAL
;
960 r
= bind_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
, c
== ARG_BIND_RO
);
962 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --bind(-ro)= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
964 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
968 r
= tmpfs_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
);
970 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --tmpfs= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
972 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
977 r
= overlay_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
, c
== ARG_OVERLAY_RO
);
978 if (r
== -EADDRNOTAVAIL
)
979 return log_error_errno(r
, "--overlay(-ro)= needs at least two colon-separated directories specified.");
981 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --overlay(-ro)= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
983 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
986 case ARG_INACCESSIBLE
:
987 r
= inaccessible_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts
, &arg_n_custom_mounts
, optarg
);
989 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --inaccessible= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
991 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
;
997 if (!env_assignment_is_valid(optarg
))
998 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
999 "Environment variable assignment '%s' is not valid.", optarg
);
1001 n
= strv_env_set(arg_setenv
, optarg
);
1005 strv_free_and_replace(arg_setenv
, n
);
1006 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_ENVIRONMENT
;
1014 case ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM
:
1015 /* We don't officially support this anymore, except for compat reasons. People should use the
1016 * $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_* environment variables instead. */
1017 log_warning("Please do not use --share-system anymore, use $SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_SHARE_* instead.");
1018 arg_clone_ns_flags
= 0;
1022 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1024 log_error("Failed to parse --register= argument: %s", optarg
);
1032 arg_keep_unit
= true;
1035 case ARG_PERSONALITY
:
1037 arg_personality
= personality_from_string(optarg
);
1038 if (arg_personality
== PERSONALITY_INVALID
)
1039 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1040 "Unknown or unsupported personality '%s'.", optarg
);
1042 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_PERSONALITY
;
1048 arg_volatile_mode
= VOLATILE_YES
;
1049 else if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1050 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(volatile_mode
, VolatileMode
, _VOLATILE_MODE_MAX
);
1055 m
= volatile_mode_from_string(optarg
);
1057 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1058 "Failed to parse --volatile= argument: %s", optarg
);
1060 arg_volatile_mode
= m
;
1063 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_VOLATILE_MODE
;
1067 r
= expose_port_parse(&arg_expose_ports
, optarg
);
1069 return log_error_errno(r
, "Duplicate port specification: %s", optarg
);
1071 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse host port %s: %m", optarg
);
1073 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_EXPOSE_PORTS
;
1077 if (strv_extend(&arg_property
, optarg
) < 0)
1082 case ARG_PRIVATE_USERS
: {
1087 else if (!in_charset(optarg
, DIGITS
))
1088 /* do *not* parse numbers as booleans */
1089 boolean
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1091 if (boolean
== false) {
1092 /* no: User namespacing off */
1093 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
;
1094 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1095 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1096 } else if (boolean
== true) {
1097 /* yes: User namespacing on, UID range is read from root dir */
1098 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_FIXED
;
1099 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1100 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1101 } else if (streq(optarg
, "pick")) {
1102 /* pick: User namespacing on, UID range is picked randomly */
1103 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
;
1104 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1105 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1107 _cleanup_free_
char *buffer
= NULL
;
1108 const char *range
, *shift
;
1110 /* anything else: User namespacing on, UID range is explicitly configured */
1112 range
= strchr(optarg
, ':');
1114 buffer
= strndup(optarg
, range
- optarg
);
1120 r
= safe_atou32(range
, &arg_uid_range
);
1122 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse UID range \"%s\": %m", range
);
1126 r
= parse_uid(shift
, &arg_uid_shift
);
1128 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse UID \"%s\": %m", optarg
);
1130 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_FIXED
;
1133 if (arg_uid_range
<= 0)
1134 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1135 "UID range cannot be 0.");
1137 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1142 if (userns_supported()) {
1143 arg_userns_mode
= USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
;
1144 arg_uid_shift
= UID_INVALID
;
1145 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
1147 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1152 case ARG_PRIVATE_USERS_CHOWN
:
1153 arg_userns_chown
= true;
1155 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_USERNS
;
1158 case ARG_KILL_SIGNAL
:
1159 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1160 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(signal
, int, _NSIG
);
1164 arg_kill_signal
= signal_from_string(optarg
);
1165 if (arg_kill_signal
< 0)
1166 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1167 "Cannot parse signal: %s", optarg
);
1169 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_KILL_SIGNAL
;
1174 /* no → do not read files
1175 * yes → read files, do not override cmdline, trust only subset
1176 * override → read files, override cmdline, trust only subset
1177 * trusted → read files, do not override cmdline, trust all
1180 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1182 if (streq(optarg
, "trusted")) {
1183 mask_all_settings
= false;
1184 mask_no_settings
= false;
1185 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
1187 } else if (streq(optarg
, "override")) {
1188 mask_all_settings
= false;
1189 mask_no_settings
= true;
1190 arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
1192 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --settings= argument: %s", optarg
);
1195 mask_all_settings
= false;
1196 mask_no_settings
= false;
1197 arg_settings_trusted
= -1;
1200 mask_all_settings
= true;
1201 mask_no_settings
= false;
1202 arg_settings_trusted
= false;
1208 if (!path_is_absolute(optarg
))
1209 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1210 "Working directory %s is not an absolute path.", optarg
);
1212 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_chdir
, optarg
);
1216 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_WORKING_DIRECTORY
;
1219 case ARG_PIVOT_ROOT
:
1220 r
= pivot_root_parse(&arg_pivot_root_new
, &arg_pivot_root_old
, optarg
);
1222 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --pivot-root= argument %s: %m", optarg
);
1224 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_PIVOT_ROOT
;
1227 case ARG_NOTIFY_READY
:
1228 r
= parse_boolean(optarg
);
1230 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1231 "%s is not a valid notify mode. Valid modes are: yes, no, and ready.", optarg
);
1232 arg_notify_ready
= r
;
1233 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_NOTIFY_READY
;
1236 case ARG_ROOT_HASH
: {
1240 r
= unhexmem(optarg
, strlen(optarg
), &k
, &l
);
1242 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse root hash: %s", optarg
);
1243 if (l
< sizeof(sd_id128_t
)) {
1245 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Root hash must be at least 128bit long: %s", optarg
);
1248 free(arg_root_hash
);
1250 arg_root_hash_size
= l
;
1254 case ARG_SYSTEM_CALL_FILTER
: {
1258 negative
= optarg
[0] == '~';
1259 items
= negative
? optarg
+ 1 : optarg
;
1262 _cleanup_free_
char *word
= NULL
;
1264 r
= extract_first_word(&items
, &word
, NULL
, 0);
1270 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse system call filter: %m");
1273 r
= strv_extend(&arg_syscall_blacklist
, word
);
1275 r
= strv_extend(&arg_syscall_whitelist
, word
);
1280 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_SYSCALL_FILTER
;
1289 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1290 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(rlimit
, int, _RLIMIT_MAX
);
1294 eq
= strchr(optarg
, '=');
1296 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1297 "--rlimit= expects an '=' assignment.");
1299 name
= strndup(optarg
, eq
- optarg
);
1303 rl
= rlimit_from_string_harder(name
);
1305 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1306 "Unknown resource limit: %s", name
);
1308 if (!arg_rlimit
[rl
]) {
1309 arg_rlimit
[rl
] = new0(struct rlimit
, 1);
1310 if (!arg_rlimit
[rl
])
1314 r
= rlimit_parse(rl
, eq
+ 1, arg_rlimit
[rl
]);
1316 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse resource limit: %s", eq
+ 1);
1318 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_RLIMIT_FIRST
<< rl
;
1322 case ARG_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
:
1323 r
= parse_oom_score_adjust(optarg
, &arg_oom_score_adjust
);
1325 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse --oom-score-adjust= parameter: %s", optarg
);
1327 arg_oom_score_adjust_set
= true;
1328 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
;
1331 case ARG_CPU_AFFINITY
: {
1332 _cleanup_cpu_free_ cpu_set_t
*cpuset
= NULL
;
1334 r
= parse_cpu_set(optarg
, &cpuset
);
1336 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to parse CPU affinity mask: %s", optarg
);
1339 CPU_FREE(arg_cpuset
);
1341 arg_cpuset
= TAKE_PTR(cpuset
);
1342 arg_cpuset_ncpus
= r
;
1343 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CPU_AFFINITY
;
1347 case ARG_RESOLV_CONF
:
1348 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1349 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(resolv_conf_mode
, ResolvConfMode
, _RESOLV_CONF_MODE_MAX
);
1353 arg_resolv_conf
= resolv_conf_mode_from_string(optarg
);
1354 if (arg_resolv_conf
< 0)
1355 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1356 "Failed to parse /etc/resolv.conf mode: %s", optarg
);
1358 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_RESOLV_CONF
;
1362 if (streq(optarg
, "help")) {
1363 DUMP_STRING_TABLE(timezone_mode
, TimezoneMode
, _TIMEZONE_MODE_MAX
);
1367 arg_timezone
= timezone_mode_from_string(optarg
);
1368 if (arg_timezone
< 0)
1369 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1370 "Failed to parse /etc/localtime mode: %s", optarg
);
1372 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_TIMEZONE
;
1376 if (streq(optarg
, "interactive"))
1377 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
;
1378 else if (streq(optarg
, "read-only"))
1379 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_READ_ONLY
;
1380 else if (streq(optarg
, "passive"))
1381 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_PASSIVE
;
1382 else if (streq(optarg
, "pipe"))
1383 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_PIPE
;
1384 else if (streq(optarg
, "help"))
1385 puts("interactive\n"
1390 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Unknown console mode: %s", optarg
);
1392 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CONSOLE_MODE
;
1397 arg_console_mode
= CONSOLE_PIPE
;
1398 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_CONSOLE_MODE
;
1402 arg_pager_flags
|= PAGER_DISABLE
;
1409 assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
1412 if (argc
> optind
) {
1413 strv_free(arg_parameters
);
1414 arg_parameters
= strv_copy(argv
+ optind
);
1415 if (!arg_parameters
)
1418 arg_settings_mask
|= SETTING_START_MODE
;
1421 if (arg_ephemeral
&& arg_template
&& !arg_directory
)
1422 /* User asked for ephemeral execution but specified --template= instead of --directory=. Semantically
1423 * such an invocation makes some sense, see https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3667. Let's
1424 * accept this here, and silently make "--ephemeral --template=" equivalent to "--ephemeral
1426 arg_directory
= TAKE_PTR(arg_template
);
1428 arg_caps_retain
= (arg_caps_retain
| plus
| (arg_private_network
? UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN
: 0)) & ~minus
;
1430 /* Make sure to parse environment before we reset the settings mask below */
1431 parse_environment();
1433 /* Load all settings from .nspawn files */
1434 if (mask_no_settings
)
1435 arg_settings_mask
= 0;
1437 /* Don't load any settings from .nspawn files */
1438 if (mask_all_settings
)
1439 arg_settings_mask
= _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL
;
1444 static int verify_arguments(void) {
1447 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
1448 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_USE_USERNS
;
1450 if (arg_private_network
)
1451 arg_mount_settings
|= MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
;
1453 if (!(arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWPID
) ||
1454 !(arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWUTS
)) {
1455 arg_register
= false;
1456 if (arg_start_mode
!= START_PID1
)
1457 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--boot cannot be used without namespacing.");
1460 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
)
1461 arg_userns_chown
= true;
1463 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
&& arg_kill_signal
<= 0)
1464 arg_kill_signal
= SIGRTMIN
+3;
1466 if (arg_volatile_mode
!= VOLATILE_NO
) /* Make sure all file systems contained in the image are mounted read-only if we are in volatile mode */
1467 arg_read_only
= true;
1469 if (arg_keep_unit
&& arg_register
&& cg_pid_get_owner_uid(0, NULL
) >= 0)
1470 /* Save the user from accidentally registering either user-$SESSION.scope or user@.service.
1471 * The latter is not technically a user session, but we don't need to labour the point. */
1472 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--keep-unit --register=yes may not be used when invoked from a user session.");
1474 if (arg_directory
&& arg_image
)
1475 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--directory= and --image= may not be combined.");
1477 if (arg_template
&& arg_image
)
1478 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--template= and --image= may not be combined.");
1480 if (arg_template
&& !(arg_directory
|| arg_machine
))
1481 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--template= needs --directory= or --machine=.");
1483 if (arg_ephemeral
&& arg_template
)
1484 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--ephemeral and --template= may not be combined.");
1486 if (arg_ephemeral
&& !IN_SET(arg_link_journal
, LINK_NO
, LINK_AUTO
))
1487 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--ephemeral and --link-journal= may not be combined.");
1489 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& !userns_supported())
1490 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
), "--private-users= is not supported, kernel compiled without user namespace support.");
1492 if (arg_userns_chown
&& arg_read_only
)
1493 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1494 "--read-only and --private-users-chown may not be combined.");
1496 /* We don't support --private-users-chown together with any of the volatile modes since we couldn't
1497 * change the read-only part of the tree (i.e. /usr) anyway, or because it would trigger a massive
1498 * copy-up (in case of overlay) making the entire excercise pointless. */
1499 if (arg_userns_chown
&& arg_volatile_mode
!= VOLATILE_NO
)
1500 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--volatile= and --private-users-chown may not be combined.");
1502 /* If --network-namespace-path is given with any other network-related option, we need to error out,
1503 * to avoid conflicts between different network options. */
1504 if (arg_network_namespace_path
&&
1505 (arg_network_interfaces
|| arg_network_macvlan
||
1506 arg_network_ipvlan
|| arg_network_veth_extra
||
1507 arg_network_bridge
|| arg_network_zone
||
1508 arg_network_veth
|| arg_private_network
))
1509 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "--network-namespace-path= cannot be combined with other network options.");
1511 if (arg_network_bridge
&& arg_network_zone
)
1512 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
1513 "--network-bridge= and --network-zone= may not be combined.");
1515 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& (arg_mount_settings
& MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_NETNS
) && !arg_private_network
)
1516 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Invalid namespacing settings. Mounting sysfs with --private-users requires --private-network.");
1518 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
&& !(arg_mount_settings
& MOUNT_APPLY_APIVFS_RO
))
1519 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Cannot combine --private-users with read-write mounts.");
1521 if (arg_expose_ports
&& !arg_private_network
)
1522 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Cannot use --port= without private networking.");
1525 if (arg_expose_ports
)
1526 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EOPNOTSUPP
), "--port= is not supported, compiled without libiptc support.");
1529 r
= custom_mount_check_all();
1536 static int userns_lchown(const char *p
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
1539 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
1542 if (uid
== UID_INVALID
&& gid
== GID_INVALID
)
1545 if (uid
!= UID_INVALID
) {
1546 uid
+= arg_uid_shift
;
1548 if (uid
< arg_uid_shift
|| uid
>= arg_uid_shift
+ arg_uid_range
)
1552 if (gid
!= GID_INVALID
) {
1553 gid
+= (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
;
1555 if (gid
< (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
|| gid
>= (gid_t
) (arg_uid_shift
+ arg_uid_range
))
1559 if (lchown(p
, uid
, gid
) < 0)
1565 static int userns_mkdir(const char *root
, const char *path
, mode_t mode
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
1569 q
= prefix_roota(root
, path
);
1570 r
= mkdir_errno_wrapper(q
, mode
);
1576 return userns_lchown(q
, uid
, gid
);
1579 static const char *timezone_from_path(const char *path
) {
1580 return PATH_STARTSWITH_SET(
1582 "../usr/share/zoneinfo/",
1583 "/usr/share/zoneinfo/");
1586 static bool etc_writable(void) {
1587 return !arg_read_only
|| IN_SET(arg_volatile_mode
, VOLATILE_YES
, VOLATILE_OVERLAY
);
1590 static int setup_timezone(const char *dest
) {
1591 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
, *etc
= NULL
;
1592 const char *where
, *check
;
1598 if (IN_SET(arg_timezone
, TIMEZONE_AUTO
, TIMEZONE_SYMLINK
)) {
1599 r
= readlink_malloc("/etc/localtime", &p
);
1600 if (r
== -ENOENT
&& arg_timezone
== TIMEZONE_AUTO
)
1601 m
= etc_writable() ? TIMEZONE_DELETE
: TIMEZONE_OFF
;
1602 else if (r
== -EINVAL
&& arg_timezone
== TIMEZONE_AUTO
) /* regular file? */
1603 m
= etc_writable() ? TIMEZONE_COPY
: TIMEZONE_BIND
;
1605 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to read host's /etc/localtime symlink, not updating container timezone: %m");
1606 /* To handle warning, delete /etc/localtime and replace it with a symbolic link to a time zone data
1610 * ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /etc/localtime
1613 } else if (arg_timezone
== TIMEZONE_AUTO
)
1614 m
= etc_writable() ? TIMEZONE_SYMLINK
: TIMEZONE_BIND
;
1620 if (m
== TIMEZONE_OFF
)
1623 r
= chase_symlinks("/etc", dest
, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT
, &etc
);
1625 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve /etc path in container, ignoring: %m");
1629 where
= strjoina(etc
, "/localtime");
1633 case TIMEZONE_DELETE
:
1634 if (unlink(where
) < 0)
1635 log_full_errno(errno
== ENOENT
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, errno
, "Failed to remove '%s', ignoring: %m", where
);
1639 case TIMEZONE_SYMLINK
: {
1640 _cleanup_free_
char *q
= NULL
;
1641 const char *z
, *what
;
1643 z
= timezone_from_path(p
);
1645 log_warning("/etc/localtime does not point into /usr/share/zoneinfo/, not updating container timezone.");
1649 r
= readlink_malloc(where
, &q
);
1650 if (r
>= 0 && streq_ptr(timezone_from_path(q
), z
))
1651 return 0; /* Already pointing to the right place? Then do nothing .. */
1653 check
= strjoina(dest
, "/usr/share/zoneinfo/", z
);
1654 r
= chase_symlinks(check
, dest
, 0, NULL
);
1656 log_debug_errno(r
, "Timezone %s does not exist (or is not accessible) in container, not creating symlink: %m", z
);
1658 if (unlink(where
) < 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
) {
1659 log_full_errno(IN_SET(errno
, EROFS
, EACCES
, EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, /* Don't complain on read-only images */
1660 errno
, "Failed to remove existing timezone info %s in container, ignoring: %m", where
);
1664 what
= strjoina("../usr/share/zoneinfo/", z
);
1665 if (symlink(what
, where
) < 0) {
1666 log_full_errno(IN_SET(errno
, EROFS
, EACCES
, EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
,
1667 errno
, "Failed to correct timezone of container, ignoring: %m");
1677 case TIMEZONE_BIND
: {
1678 _cleanup_free_
char *resolved
= NULL
;
1681 found
= chase_symlinks(where
, dest
, CHASE_NONEXISTENT
, &resolved
);
1683 log_warning_errno(found
, "Failed to resolve /etc/localtime path in container, ignoring: %m");
1687 if (found
== 0) /* missing? */
1688 (void) touch(resolved
);
1690 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_WARNING
, "/etc/localtime", resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
1692 return mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
1698 /* If mounting failed, try to copy */
1699 r
= copy_file_atomic("/etc/localtime", where
, 0644, 0, 0, COPY_REFLINK
|COPY_REPLACE
);
1701 log_full_errno(IN_SET(r
, -EROFS
, -EACCES
, -EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, r
,
1702 "Failed to copy /etc/localtime to %s, ignoring: %m", where
);
1709 assert_not_reached("unexpected mode");
1712 /* Fix permissions of the symlink or file copy we just created */
1713 r
= userns_lchown(where
, 0, 0);
1715 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /etc/localtime, ignoring: %m");
1720 static int have_resolv_conf(const char *path
) {
1723 if (access(path
, F_OK
) < 0) {
1724 if (errno
== ENOENT
)
1727 return log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to determine whether '%s' is available: %m", path
);
1733 static int resolved_listening(void) {
1734 _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free
) sd_bus_error error
= SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL
;
1735 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp
) sd_bus
*bus
= NULL
;
1736 _cleanup_free_
char *dns_stub_listener_mode
= NULL
;
1739 /* Check if resolved is listening */
1741 r
= sd_bus_open_system(&bus
);
1743 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to open system bus: %m");
1745 r
= bus_name_has_owner(bus
, "org.freedesktop.resolve1", NULL
);
1747 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to check whether the 'org.freedesktop.resolve1' bus name is taken: %m");
1751 r
= sd_bus_get_property_string(bus
,
1752 "org.freedesktop.resolve1",
1753 "/org/freedesktop/resolve1",
1754 "org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager",
1757 &dns_stub_listener_mode
);
1759 return log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to query DNSStubListener property: %s", bus_error_message(&error
, r
));
1761 return STR_IN_SET(dns_stub_listener_mode
, "udp", "yes");
1764 static int setup_resolv_conf(const char *dest
) {
1765 _cleanup_free_
char *etc
= NULL
;
1766 const char *where
, *what
;
1772 if (arg_resolv_conf
== RESOLV_CONF_AUTO
) {
1773 if (arg_private_network
)
1774 m
= RESOLV_CONF_OFF
;
1775 else if (have_resolv_conf(STATIC_RESOLV_CONF
) > 0 && resolved_listening() > 0)
1776 m
= etc_writable() ? RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STATIC
: RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STATIC
;
1777 else if (have_resolv_conf("/etc/resolv.conf") > 0)
1778 m
= etc_writable() ? RESOLV_CONF_COPY_HOST
: RESOLV_CONF_BIND_HOST
;
1780 m
= etc_writable() ? RESOLV_CONF_DELETE
: RESOLV_CONF_OFF
;
1782 m
= arg_resolv_conf
;
1784 if (m
== RESOLV_CONF_OFF
)
1787 r
= chase_symlinks("/etc", dest
, CHASE_PREFIX_ROOT
, &etc
);
1789 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve /etc path in container, ignoring: %m");
1793 where
= strjoina(etc
, "/resolv.conf");
1795 if (m
== RESOLV_CONF_DELETE
) {
1796 if (unlink(where
) < 0)
1797 log_full_errno(errno
== ENOENT
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, errno
, "Failed to remove '%s', ignoring: %m", where
);
1802 if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STATIC
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STATIC
))
1803 what
= STATIC_RESOLV_CONF
;
1805 what
= "/etc/resolv.conf";
1807 if (IN_SET(m
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_HOST
, RESOLV_CONF_BIND_STATIC
)) {
1808 _cleanup_free_
char *resolved
= NULL
;
1811 found
= chase_symlinks(where
, dest
, CHASE_NONEXISTENT
, &resolved
);
1813 log_warning_errno(found
, "Failed to resolve /etc/resolv.conf path in container, ignoring: %m");
1817 if (found
== 0) /* missing? */
1818 (void) touch(resolved
);
1820 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_WARNING
, what
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
1822 return mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, resolved
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
1825 /* If that didn't work, let's copy the file */
1826 r
= copy_file(what
, where
, O_TRUNC
|O_NOFOLLOW
, 0644, 0, 0, COPY_REFLINK
);
1828 /* If the file already exists as symlink, let's suppress the warning, under the assumption that
1829 * resolved or something similar runs inside and the symlink points there.
1831 * If the disk image is read-only, there's also no point in complaining.
1833 log_full_errno(!IN_SET(RESOLV_CONF_COPY_HOST
, RESOLV_CONF_COPY_STATIC
) && IN_SET(r
, -ELOOP
, -EROFS
, -EACCES
, -EPERM
) ? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_WARNING
, r
,
1834 "Failed to copy /etc/resolv.conf to %s, ignoring: %m", where
);
1838 r
= userns_lchown(where
, 0, 0);
1840 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /etc/resolv.conf, ignoring: %m");
1845 static int setup_boot_id(void) {
1846 _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep
) char *from
= NULL
;
1847 _cleanup_free_
char *path
= NULL
;
1848 sd_id128_t rnd
= SD_ID128_NULL
;
1852 /* Generate a new randomized boot ID, so that each boot-up of the container gets a new one */
1854 r
= tempfn_random_child("/run", "proc-sys-kernel-random-boot-id", &path
);
1856 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate random boot ID path: %m");
1858 r
= sd_id128_randomize(&rnd
);
1860 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate random boot id: %m");
1862 r
= id128_write(path
, ID128_UUID
, rnd
, false);
1864 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write boot id: %m");
1866 from
= TAKE_PTR(path
);
1867 to
= "/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id";
1869 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, from
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
1873 return mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
|MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
|MS_NODEV
, NULL
);
1876 static int copy_devnodes(const char *dest
) {
1877 static const char devnodes
[] =
1886 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u
;
1894 /* Create /dev/net, so that we can create /dev/net/tun in it */
1895 if (userns_mkdir(dest
, "/dev/net", 0755, 0, 0) < 0)
1896 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /dev/net directory: %m");
1898 NULSTR_FOREACH(d
, devnodes
) {
1899 _cleanup_free_
char *from
= NULL
, *to
= NULL
;
1902 from
= strappend("/dev/", d
);
1906 to
= prefix_root(dest
, from
);
1910 if (stat(from
, &st
) < 0) {
1912 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
1913 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to stat %s: %m", from
);
1915 } else if (!S_ISCHR(st
.st_mode
) && !S_ISBLK(st
.st_mode
))
1916 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
1917 "%s is not a char or block device, cannot copy.", from
);
1919 _cleanup_free_
char *sl
= NULL
, *prefixed
= NULL
, *dn
= NULL
, *t
= NULL
;
1921 if (mknod(to
, st
.st_mode
, st
.st_rdev
) < 0) {
1922 /* Explicitly warn the user when /dev is already populated. */
1923 if (errno
== EEXIST
)
1924 log_notice("%s/dev is pre-mounted and pre-populated. If a pre-mounted /dev is provided it needs to be an unpopulated file system.", dest
);
1926 return log_error_errno(errno
, "mknod(%s) failed: %m", to
);
1928 /* Some systems abusively restrict mknod but allow bind mounts. */
1931 return log_error_errno(r
, "touch (%s) failed: %m", to
);
1932 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, from
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
1934 return log_error_errno(r
, "Both mknod and bind mount (%s) failed: %m", to
);
1937 r
= userns_lchown(to
, 0, 0);
1939 return log_error_errno(r
, "chown() of device node %s failed: %m", to
);
1941 dn
= strjoin("/dev/", S_ISCHR(st
.st_mode
) ? "char" : "block");
1945 r
= userns_mkdir(dest
, dn
, 0755, 0, 0);
1947 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create '%s': %m", dn
);
1949 if (asprintf(&sl
, "%s/%u:%u", dn
, major(st
.st_rdev
), minor(st
.st_rdev
)) < 0)
1952 prefixed
= prefix_root(dest
, sl
);
1956 t
= strjoin("../", d
);
1960 if (symlink(t
, prefixed
) < 0)
1961 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink '%s' to '%s': %m", t
, prefixed
);
1968 static int make_extra_nodes(const char *dest
) {
1969 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u
;
1975 for (i
= 0; i
< arg_n_extra_nodes
; i
++) {
1976 _cleanup_free_
char *path
= NULL
;
1977 DeviceNode
*n
= arg_extra_nodes
+ i
;
1979 path
= prefix_root(dest
, n
->path
);
1983 if (mknod(path
, n
->mode
, S_ISCHR(n
->mode
) || S_ISBLK(n
->mode
) ? makedev(n
->major
, n
->minor
) : 0) < 0)
1984 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create device node '%s': %m", path
);
1986 r
= chmod_and_chown(path
, n
->mode
, n
->uid
, n
->gid
);
1988 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to adjust device node ownership of '%s': %m", path
);
1994 static int setup_pts(const char *dest
) {
1995 _cleanup_free_
char *options
= NULL
;
2000 if (arg_selinux_apifs_context
)
2001 (void) asprintf(&options
,
2002 "newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" GID_FMT
",context=\"%s\"",
2003 arg_uid_shift
+ TTY_GID
,
2004 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
2007 (void) asprintf(&options
,
2008 "newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" GID_FMT
,
2009 arg_uid_shift
+ TTY_GID
);
2014 /* Mount /dev/pts itself */
2015 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/pts");
2016 r
= mkdir_errno_wrapper(p
, 0755);
2018 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /dev/pts: %m");
2020 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, "devpts", p
, "devpts", MS_NOSUID
|MS_NOEXEC
, options
);
2023 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
2025 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/pts: %m");
2027 /* Create /dev/ptmx symlink */
2028 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/ptmx");
2029 if (symlink("pts/ptmx", p
) < 0)
2030 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create /dev/ptmx symlink: %m");
2031 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
2033 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/ptmx: %m");
2035 /* And fix /dev/pts/ptmx ownership */
2036 p
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/pts/ptmx");
2037 r
= userns_lchown(p
, 0, 0);
2039 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown /dev/pts/ptmx: %m");
2044 static int setup_dev_console(const char *dest
, const char *console
) {
2045 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u
;
2056 r
= chmod_and_chown(console
, 0600, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
);
2058 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to correct access mode for TTY: %m");
2060 /* We need to bind mount the right tty to /dev/console since
2061 * ptys can only exist on pts file systems. To have something
2062 * to bind mount things on we create a empty regular file. */
2064 to
= prefix_roota(dest
, "/dev/console");
2067 return log_error_errno(r
, "touch() for /dev/console failed: %m");
2069 return mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, console
, to
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2072 static int setup_keyring(void) {
2073 key_serial_t keyring
;
2075 /* Allocate a new session keyring for the container. This makes sure the keyring of the session systemd-nspawn
2076 * was invoked from doesn't leak into the container. Note that by default we block keyctl() and request_key()
2077 * anyway via seccomp so doing this operation isn't strictly necessary, but in case people explicitly whitelist
2078 * these system calls let's make sure we don't leak anything into the container. */
2080 keyring
= keyctl(KEYCTL_JOIN_SESSION_KEYRING
, 0, 0, 0, 0);
2081 if (keyring
== -1) {
2082 if (errno
== ENOSYS
)
2083 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Kernel keyring not supported, ignoring.");
2084 else if (IN_SET(errno
, EACCES
, EPERM
))
2085 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Kernel keyring access prohibited, ignoring.");
2087 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Setting up kernel keyring failed: %m");
2093 static int setup_kmsg(int kmsg_socket
) {
2094 _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep
) char *from
= NULL
;
2095 _cleanup_free_
char *fifo
= NULL
;
2096 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
2097 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u
;
2100 assert(kmsg_socket
>= 0);
2104 /* We create the kmsg FIFO as as temporary file in /run, but immediately delete it after bind mounting it to
2105 * /proc/kmsg. While FIFOs on the reading side behave very similar to /proc/kmsg, their writing side behaves
2106 * differently from /dev/kmsg in that writing blocks when nothing is reading. In order to avoid any problems
2107 * with containers deadlocking due to this we simply make /dev/kmsg unavailable to the container. */
2109 r
= tempfn_random_child("/run", "proc-kmsg", &fifo
);
2111 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate kmsg path: %m");
2113 if (mkfifo(fifo
, 0600) < 0)
2114 return log_error_errno(errno
, "mkfifo() for /run/kmsg failed: %m");
2116 from
= TAKE_PTR(fifo
);
2118 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, from
, "/proc/kmsg", NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2122 fd
= open(from
, O_RDWR
|O_NONBLOCK
|O_CLOEXEC
);
2124 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open fifo: %m");
2126 /* Store away the fd in the socket, so that it stays open as long as we run the child */
2127 r
= send_one_fd(kmsg_socket
, fd
, 0);
2129 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to send FIFO fd: %m");
2134 static int on_address_change(sd_netlink
*rtnl
, sd_netlink_message
*m
, void *userdata
) {
2135 union in_addr_union
*exposed
= userdata
;
2141 expose_port_execute(rtnl
, arg_expose_ports
, exposed
);
2145 static int setup_hostname(void) {
2148 if ((arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWUTS
) == 0)
2151 r
= sethostname_idempotent(arg_hostname
?: arg_machine
);
2153 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set hostname: %m");
2158 static int setup_journal(const char *directory
) {
2159 _cleanup_free_
char *d
= NULL
;
2160 const char *dirname
, *p
, *q
;
2166 /* Don't link journals in ephemeral mode */
2170 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_NO
)
2173 try = arg_link_journal_try
|| arg_link_journal
== LINK_AUTO
;
2175 r
= sd_id128_get_machine(&this_id
);
2177 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to retrieve machine ID: %m");
2179 if (sd_id128_equal(arg_uuid
, this_id
)) {
2180 log_full(try ? LOG_WARNING
: LOG_ERR
,
2181 "Host and machine ids are equal (%s): refusing to link journals", sd_id128_to_string(arg_uuid
, id
));
2187 FOREACH_STRING(dirname
, "/var", "/var/log", "/var/log/journal") {
2188 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, dirname
, 0755, 0, 0);
2190 bool ignore
= r
== -EROFS
&& try;
2191 log_full_errno(ignore
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_ERR
, r
,
2192 "Failed to create %s%s: %m", dirname
, ignore
? ", ignoring" : "");
2193 return ignore
? 0 : r
;
2197 (void) sd_id128_to_string(arg_uuid
, id
);
2199 p
= strjoina("/var/log/journal/", id
);
2200 q
= prefix_roota(directory
, p
);
2202 if (path_is_mount_point(p
, NULL
, 0) > 0) {
2206 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
),
2207 "%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", p
);
2210 if (path_is_mount_point(q
, NULL
, 0) > 0) {
2214 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EEXIST
),
2215 "%s: already a mount point, refusing to use for journal", q
);
2218 r
= readlink_and_make_absolute(p
, &d
);
2220 if (IN_SET(arg_link_journal
, LINK_GUEST
, LINK_AUTO
) &&
2223 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
2225 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", q
);
2230 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to remove symlink %s: %m", p
);
2231 } else if (r
== -EINVAL
) {
2233 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_GUEST
&&
2236 if (errno
== ENOTDIR
) {
2237 log_error("%s already exists and is neither a symlink nor a directory", p
);
2240 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to remove %s: %m", p
);
2242 } else if (r
!= -ENOENT
)
2243 return log_error_errno(r
, "readlink(%s) failed: %m", p
);
2245 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_GUEST
) {
2247 if (symlink(q
, p
) < 0) {
2249 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink %s to %s, skipping journal setup: %m", q
, p
);
2252 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to symlink %s to %s: %m", q
, p
);
2255 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
2257 log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to create directory %s: %m", q
);
2261 if (arg_link_journal
== LINK_HOST
) {
2262 /* don't create parents here — if the host doesn't have
2263 * permanent journal set up, don't force it here */
2265 r
= mkdir_errno_wrapper(p
, 0755);
2266 if (r
< 0 && r
!= -EEXIST
) {
2268 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s, skipping journal setup: %m", p
);
2271 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s: %m", p
);
2274 } else if (access(p
, F_OK
) < 0)
2277 if (dir_is_empty(q
) == 0)
2278 log_warning("%s is not empty, proceeding anyway.", q
);
2280 r
= userns_mkdir(directory
, p
, 0755, 0, 0);
2282 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create %s: %m", q
);
2284 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_DEBUG
, p
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2286 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to bind mount journal from host into guest: %m");
2291 static int drop_capabilities(uid_t uid
) {
2292 CapabilityQuintet q
;
2294 /* Let's initialize all five capability sets to something valid. If the quintet was configured via
2295 * OCI use that, but fill in missing bits. If it wasn't then derive the quintet in full from
2296 * arg_caps_retain. */
2298 if (capability_quintet_is_set(&arg_full_capabilities
)) {
2299 q
= arg_full_capabilities
;
2301 if (q
.bounding
== (uint64_t) -1)
2302 q
.bounding
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: 0;
2304 if (q
.effective
== (uint64_t) -1)
2305 q
.effective
= uid
== 0 ? q
.bounding
: 0;
2307 if (q
.inheritable
== (uint64_t) -1)
2308 q
.inheritable
= uid
== 0 ? q
.bounding
: 0;
2310 if (q
.permitted
== (uint64_t) -1)
2311 q
.permitted
= uid
== 0 ? q
.bounding
: 0;
2313 if (q
.ambient
== (uint64_t) -1 && ambient_capabilities_supported())
2316 q
= (CapabilityQuintet
) {
2317 .bounding
= arg_caps_retain
,
2318 .effective
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: 0,
2319 .inheritable
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: 0,
2320 .permitted
= uid
== 0 ? arg_caps_retain
: 0,
2321 .ambient
= ambient_capabilities_supported() ? 0 : (uint64_t) -1,
2324 return capability_quintet_enforce(&q
);
2327 static int reset_audit_loginuid(void) {
2328 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
2331 if ((arg_clone_ns_flags
& CLONE_NEWPID
) == 0)
2334 r
= read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &p
);
2338 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read /proc/self/loginuid: %m");
2340 /* Already reset? */
2341 if (streq(p
, "4294967295"))
2344 r
= write_string_file("/proc/self/loginuid", "4294967295", WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER
);
2347 "Failed to reset audit login UID. This probably means that your kernel is too\n"
2348 "old and you have audit enabled. Note that the auditing subsystem is known to\n"
2349 "be incompatible with containers on old kernels. Please make sure to upgrade\n"
2350 "your kernel or to off auditing with 'audit=0' on the kernel command line before\n"
2351 "using systemd-nspawn. Sleeping for 5s... (%m)");
2359 static int setup_propagate(const char *root
) {
2363 (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/nspawn/", 0755);
2364 (void) mkdir_p("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate", 0600);
2365 p
= strjoina("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate/", arg_machine
);
2366 (void) mkdir_p(p
, 0600);
2368 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/systemd", 0755, 0, 0);
2370 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/systemd: %m");
2372 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/systemd/nspawn", 0755, 0, 0);
2374 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/systemd/nspawn: %m");
2376 r
= userns_mkdir(root
, "/run/systemd/nspawn/incoming", 0600, 0, 0);
2378 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create /run/systemd/nspawn/incoming: %m");
2380 q
= prefix_roota(root
, "/run/systemd/nspawn/incoming");
2381 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, p
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
, NULL
);
2385 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REMOUNT
|MS_RDONLY
, NULL
);
2389 /* machined will MS_MOVE into that directory, and that's only
2390 * supported for non-shared mounts. */
2391 return mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, q
, NULL
, MS_SLAVE
, NULL
);
2394 static int setup_machine_id(const char *directory
) {
2395 const char *etc_machine_id
;
2399 /* If the UUID in the container is already set, then that's what counts, and we use. If it isn't set, and the
2400 * caller passed --uuid=, then we'll pass it in the $container_uuid env var to PID 1 of the container. The
2401 * assumption is that PID 1 will then write it to /etc/machine-id to make it persistent. If --uuid= is not
2402 * passed we generate a random UUID, and pass it via $container_uuid. In effect this means that /etc/machine-id
2403 * in the container and our idea of the container UUID will always be in sync (at least if PID 1 in the
2404 * container behaves nicely). */
2406 etc_machine_id
= prefix_roota(directory
, "/etc/machine-id");
2408 r
= id128_read(etc_machine_id
, ID128_PLAIN
, &id
);
2410 if (!IN_SET(r
, -ENOENT
, -ENOMEDIUM
)) /* If the file is missing or empty, we don't mind */
2411 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to read machine ID from container image: %m");
2413 if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
)) {
2414 r
= sd_id128_randomize(&arg_uuid
);
2416 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to acquire randomized machine UUID: %m");
2419 if (sd_id128_is_null(id
))
2420 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
2421 "Machine ID in container image is zero, refusing.");
2429 static int recursive_chown(const char *directory
, uid_t shift
, uid_t range
) {
2434 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
|| !arg_userns_chown
)
2437 r
= path_patch_uid(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
2438 if (r
== -EOPNOTSUPP
)
2439 return log_error_errno(r
, "Automatic UID/GID adjusting is only supported for UID/GID ranges starting at multiples of 2^16 with a range of 2^16.");
2441 return log_error_errno(r
, "Upper 16 bits of root directory UID and GID do not match.");
2443 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to adjust UID/GID shift of OS tree: %m");
2445 log_debug("Root directory of image is already owned by the right UID/GID range, skipping recursive chown operation.");
2447 log_debug("Patched directory tree to match UID/GID range.");
2454 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
2455 * container, the container was terminated by a signal, or
2456 * failed for an unknown reason. No change is made to the
2457 * container argument.
2458 * > 0 : The program executed in the container terminated with an
2459 * error. The exit code of the program executed in the
2460 * container is returned. The container argument has been set
2461 * to CONTAINER_TERMINATED.
2462 * 0 : The container is being rebooted, has been shut down or exited
2463 * successfully. The container argument has been set to either
2464 * CONTAINER_TERMINATED or CONTAINER_REBOOTED.
2466 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
2467 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
2469 static int wait_for_container(pid_t pid
, ContainerStatus
*container
) {
2473 r
= wait_for_terminate(pid
, &status
);
2475 return log_warning_errno(r
, "Failed to wait for container: %m");
2477 switch (status
.si_code
) {
2480 if (status
.si_status
== 0)
2481 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s exited successfully.", arg_machine
);
2483 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s failed with error code %i.", arg_machine
, status
.si_status
);
2485 *container
= CONTAINER_TERMINATED
;
2486 return status
.si_status
;
2489 if (status
.si_status
== SIGINT
) {
2490 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s has been shut down.", arg_machine
);
2491 *container
= CONTAINER_TERMINATED
;
2494 } else if (status
.si_status
== SIGHUP
) {
2495 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
, "Container %s is being rebooted.", arg_machine
);
2496 *container
= CONTAINER_REBOOTED
;
2502 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
2503 "Container %s terminated by signal %s.", arg_machine
, signal_to_string(status
.si_status
));
2506 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
2507 "Container %s failed due to unknown reason.", arg_machine
);
2511 static int on_orderly_shutdown(sd_event_source
*s
, const struct signalfd_siginfo
*si
, void *userdata
) {
2514 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2516 if (kill(pid
, arg_kill_signal
) >= 0) {
2517 log_info("Trying to halt container. Send SIGTERM again to trigger immediate termination.");
2518 sd_event_source_set_userdata(s
, NULL
);
2523 sd_event_exit(sd_event_source_get_event(s
), 0);
2527 static int on_sigchld(sd_event_source
*s
, const struct signalfd_siginfo
*ssi
, void *userdata
) {
2533 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2538 if (waitid(P_ALL
, 0, &si
, WNOHANG
|WNOWAIT
|WEXITED
) < 0)
2539 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to waitid(): %m");
2540 if (si
.si_pid
== 0) /* No pending children. */
2542 if (si
.si_pid
== pid
) {
2543 /* The main process we care for has exited. Return from
2544 * signal handler but leave the zombie. */
2545 sd_event_exit(sd_event_source_get_event(s
), 0);
2549 /* Reap all other children. */
2550 (void) waitid(P_PID
, si
.si_pid
, &si
, WNOHANG
|WEXITED
);
2556 static int on_request_stop(sd_bus_message
*m
, void *userdata
, sd_bus_error
*error
) {
2561 pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
2563 if (arg_kill_signal
> 0) {
2564 log_info("Container termination requested. Attempting to halt container.");
2565 (void) kill(pid
, arg_kill_signal
);
2567 log_info("Container termination requested. Exiting.");
2568 sd_event_exit(sd_bus_get_event(sd_bus_message_get_bus(m
)), 0);
2574 static int determine_names(void) {
2577 if (arg_template
&& !arg_directory
&& arg_machine
) {
2579 /* If --template= was specified then we should not
2580 * search for a machine, but instead create a new one
2581 * in /var/lib/machine. */
2583 arg_directory
= strjoin("/var/lib/machines/", arg_machine
);
2588 if (!arg_image
&& !arg_directory
) {
2590 _cleanup_(image_unrefp
) Image
*i
= NULL
;
2592 r
= image_find(IMAGE_MACHINE
, arg_machine
, &i
);
2594 return log_error_errno(r
, "No image for machine '%s'.", arg_machine
);
2596 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to find image for machine '%s': %m", arg_machine
);
2598 if (IN_SET(i
->type
, IMAGE_RAW
, IMAGE_BLOCK
))
2599 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_image
, i
->path
);
2601 r
= free_and_strdup(&arg_directory
, i
->path
);
2606 arg_read_only
= arg_read_only
|| i
->read_only
;
2608 r
= safe_getcwd(&arg_directory
);
2610 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine current directory: %m");
2613 if (!arg_directory
&& !arg_image
)
2614 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Failed to determine path, please use -D or -i.");
2618 if (arg_directory
&& path_equal(arg_directory
, "/"))
2619 arg_machine
= gethostname_malloc();
2624 arg_machine
= strdup(basename(arg_image
));
2626 /* Truncate suffix if there is one */
2627 e
= endswith(arg_machine
, ".raw");
2631 arg_machine
= strdup(basename(arg_directory
));
2636 hostname_cleanup(arg_machine
);
2637 if (!machine_name_is_valid(arg_machine
))
2638 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
), "Failed to determine machine name automatically, please use -M.");
2640 if (arg_ephemeral
) {
2643 /* Add a random suffix when this is an
2644 * ephemeral machine, so that we can run many
2645 * instances at once without manually having
2646 * to specify -M each time. */
2648 if (asprintf(&b
, "%s-%016" PRIx64
, arg_machine
, random_u64()) < 0)
2659 static int chase_symlinks_and_update(char **p
, unsigned flags
) {
2668 r
= chase_symlinks(*p
, NULL
, flags
, &chased
);
2670 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to resolve path %s: %m", *p
);
2672 free_and_replace(*p
, chased
);
2673 return r
; /* r might be an fd here in case we ever use CHASE_OPEN in flags */
2676 static int determine_uid_shift(const char *directory
) {
2679 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
2684 if (arg_uid_shift
== UID_INVALID
) {
2687 r
= stat(directory
, &st
);
2689 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to determine UID base of %s: %m", directory
);
2691 arg_uid_shift
= st
.st_uid
& UINT32_C(0xffff0000);
2693 if (arg_uid_shift
!= (st
.st_gid
& UINT32_C(0xffff0000)))
2694 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
2695 "UID and GID base of %s don't match.", directory
);
2697 arg_uid_range
= UINT32_C(0x10000);
2700 if (arg_uid_shift
> (uid_t
) -1 - arg_uid_range
)
2701 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
2702 "UID base too high for UID range.");
2707 static unsigned long effective_clone_ns_flags(void) {
2708 unsigned long flags
= arg_clone_ns_flags
;
2710 if (arg_private_network
)
2711 flags
|= CLONE_NEWNET
;
2713 flags
|= CLONE_NEWCGROUP
;
2714 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
2715 flags
|= CLONE_NEWUSER
;
2720 static int patch_sysctl(void) {
2722 /* This table is inspired by runc's sysctl() function */
2723 static const struct {
2726 unsigned long clone_flags
;
2728 { "kernel.hostname", false, CLONE_NEWUTS
},
2729 { "kernel.domainname", false, CLONE_NEWUTS
},
2730 { "kernel.msgmax", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
2731 { "kernel.msgmnb", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
2732 { "kernel.msgmni", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
2733 { "kernel.sem", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
2734 { "kernel.shmall", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
2735 { "kernel.shmmax", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
2736 { "kernel.shmmni", false, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
2737 { "fs.mqueue.", true, CLONE_NEWIPC
},
2738 { "net.", true, CLONE_NEWNET
},
2741 unsigned long flags
;
2745 flags
= effective_clone_ns_flags();
2747 STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(k
, v
, arg_sysctl
) {
2751 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(safe_sysctl
); i
++) {
2753 if (!FLAGS_SET(flags
, safe_sysctl
[i
].clone_flags
))
2756 if (safe_sysctl
[i
].prefix
)
2757 good
= startswith(*k
, safe_sysctl
[i
].key
);
2759 good
= streq(*k
, safe_sysctl
[i
].key
);
2766 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EPERM
), "Refusing to write to sysctl '%s', as it is not safe in the selected namespaces.", *k
);
2768 r
= sysctl_write(*k
, *v
);
2770 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write sysctl '%s': %m", *k
);
2776 static int inner_child(
2778 const char *directory
,
2784 _cleanup_free_
char *home
= NULL
;
2787 const char *envp
[] = {
2788 "PATH=" DEFAULT_PATH_COMPAT
,
2789 NULL
, /* container */
2794 NULL
, /* container_uuid */
2795 NULL
, /* LISTEN_FDS */
2796 NULL
, /* LISTEN_PID */
2797 NULL
, /* NOTIFY_SOCKET */
2800 const char *exec_target
;
2801 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **env_use
= NULL
;
2802 int r
, which_failed
;
2804 /* This is the "inner" child process, i.e. the one forked off by the "outer" child process, which is the one
2805 * the container manager itself forked off. At the time of clone() it gained its own CLONE_NEWNS, CLONE_NEWPID,
2806 * CLONE_NEWUTS, CLONE_NEWIPC, CLONE_NEWUSER namespaces. Note that it has its own CLONE_NEWNS namespace,
2807 * separate from the CLONE_NEWNS created for the "outer" child, and also separate from the host's CLONE_NEWNS
2808 * namespace. The reason for having two levels of CLONE_NEWNS namespaces is that the "inner" one is owned by
2809 * the CLONE_NEWUSER namespace of the container, while the "outer" one is owned by the host's CLONE_NEWUSER
2812 * Note at this point we have no CLONE_NEWNET namespace yet. We'll acquire that one later through
2813 * unshare(). See below. */
2817 assert(kmsg_socket
>= 0);
2819 log_debug("Inner child is initializing.");
2821 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
2822 /* Tell the parent, that it now can write the UID map. */
2823 (void) barrier_place(barrier
); /* #1 */
2825 /* Wait until the parent wrote the UID map */
2826 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) /* #2 */
2827 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
),
2828 "Parent died too early");
2831 r
= reset_uid_gid();
2833 return log_error_errno(r
, "Couldn't become new root: %m");
2836 arg_mount_settings
| MOUNT_IN_USERNS
,
2838 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
2842 if (!arg_network_namespace_path
&& arg_private_network
) {
2843 r
= unshare(CLONE_NEWNET
);
2845 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to unshare network namespace: %m");
2847 /* Tell the parent that it can setup network interfaces. */
2848 (void) barrier_place(barrier
); /* #3 */
2851 r
= mount_sysfs(NULL
, arg_mount_settings
);
2855 /* Wait until we are cgroup-ified, so that we
2856 * can mount the right cgroup path writable */
2857 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) /* #4 */
2858 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
),
2859 "Parent died too early");
2862 r
= unshare(CLONE_NEWCGROUP
);
2864 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to unshare cgroup namespace: %m");
2867 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
,
2868 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
2871 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
2876 r
= mount_systemd_cgroup_writable("", arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
);
2881 r
= setup_boot_id();
2885 r
= setup_kmsg(kmsg_socket
);
2888 kmsg_socket
= safe_close(kmsg_socket
);
2893 arg_n_custom_mounts
,
2897 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
2903 return log_error_errno(errno
, "setsid() failed: %m");
2905 if (arg_private_network
)
2908 if (arg_expose_ports
) {
2909 r
= expose_port_send_rtnl(rtnl_socket
);
2912 rtnl_socket
= safe_close(rtnl_socket
);
2919 if (arg_oom_score_adjust_set
) {
2920 r
= set_oom_score_adjust(arg_oom_score_adjust
);
2922 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to adjust OOM score: %m");
2926 if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(arg_cpuset_ncpus
), arg_cpuset
) < 0)
2927 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
2929 (void) setup_hostname();
2931 if (arg_personality
!= PERSONALITY_INVALID
) {
2932 r
= safe_personality(arg_personality
);
2934 return log_error_errno(r
, "personality() failed: %m");
2935 } else if (secondary
) {
2936 r
= safe_personality(PER_LINUX32
);
2938 return log_error_errno(r
, "personality() failed: %m");
2941 r
= setrlimit_closest_all((const struct rlimit
*const*) arg_rlimit
, &which_failed
);
2943 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to apply resource limit RLIMIT_%s: %m", rlimit_to_string(which_failed
));
2948 if (is_seccomp_available()) {
2950 r
= seccomp_load(arg_seccomp
);
2951 if (ERRNO_IS_SECCOMP_FATAL(r
))
2952 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to install seccomp filter: %m");
2954 log_debug_errno(r
, "Failed to install seccomp filter: %m");
2959 r
= setup_seccomp(arg_caps_retain
, arg_syscall_whitelist
, arg_syscall_blacklist
);
2965 if (arg_selinux_context
)
2966 if (setexeccon(arg_selinux_context
) < 0)
2967 return log_error_errno(errno
, "setexeccon(\"%s\") failed: %m", arg_selinux_context
);
2970 /* Make sure we keep the caps across the uid/gid dropping, so that we can retain some selected caps
2971 * if we need to later on. */
2972 if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS
, 1) < 0)
2973 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to set PR_SET_KEEPCAPS: %m");
2975 if (uid_is_valid(arg_uid
) || gid_is_valid(arg_gid
))
2976 r
= change_uid_gid_raw(arg_uid
, arg_gid
, arg_supplementary_gids
, arg_n_supplementary_gids
);
2978 r
= change_uid_gid(arg_user
, &home
);
2982 r
= drop_capabilities(getuid());
2984 return log_error_errno(r
, "Dropping capabilities failed: %m");
2986 if (arg_no_new_privileges
)
2987 if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS
, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0)
2988 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to disable new privileges: %m");
2990 /* LXC sets container=lxc, so follow the scheme here */
2991 envp
[n_env
++] = strjoina("container=", arg_container_service_name
);
2993 envp
[n_env
] = strv_find_prefix(environ
, "TERM=");
2997 if (home
|| !uid_is_valid(arg_uid
) || arg_uid
== 0)
2998 if (asprintf((char**)(envp
+ n_env
++), "HOME=%s", home
?: "/root") < 0)
3001 if (arg_user
|| !uid_is_valid(arg_uid
) || arg_uid
== 0)
3002 if (asprintf((char**)(envp
+ n_env
++), "USER=%s", arg_user
?: "root") < 0 ||
3003 asprintf((char**)(envp
+ n_env
++), "LOGNAME=%s", arg_user
? arg_user
: "root") < 0)
3006 assert(!sd_id128_is_null(arg_uuid
));
3008 if (asprintf((char**)(envp
+ n_env
++), "container_uuid=%s", id128_to_uuid_string(arg_uuid
, as_uuid
)) < 0)
3011 if (fdset_size(fds
) > 0) {
3012 r
= fdset_cloexec(fds
, false);
3014 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to unset O_CLOEXEC for file descriptors.");
3016 if ((asprintf((char **)(envp
+ n_env
++), "LISTEN_FDS=%u", fdset_size(fds
)) < 0) ||
3017 (asprintf((char **)(envp
+ n_env
++), "LISTEN_PID=1") < 0))
3020 if (asprintf((char **)(envp
+ n_env
++), "NOTIFY_SOCKET=%s", NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
) < 0)
3023 env_use
= strv_env_merge(2, envp
, arg_setenv
);
3027 /* Let the parent know that we are ready and
3028 * wait until the parent is ready with the
3030 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(barrier
)) /* #5 */
3031 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
),
3032 "Parent died too early");
3035 if (chdir(arg_chdir
) < 0)
3036 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to change to specified working directory %s: %m", arg_chdir
);
3038 if (arg_start_mode
== START_PID2
) {
3039 r
= stub_pid1(arg_uuid
);
3044 log_debug("Inner child completed, invoking payload.");
3046 /* Now, explicitly close the log, so that we then can close all remaining fds. Closing the log explicitly first
3047 * has the benefit that the logging subsystem knows about it, and is thus ready to be reopened should we need
3048 * it again. Note that the other fds closed here are at least the locking and barrier fds. */
3050 log_set_open_when_needed(true);
3052 (void) fdset_close_others(fds
);
3054 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
) {
3058 /* Automatically search for the init system */
3060 m
= strv_length(arg_parameters
);
3061 a
= newa(char*, m
+ 2);
3062 memcpy_safe(a
+ 1, arg_parameters
, m
* sizeof(char*));
3065 a
[0] = (char*) "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd";
3066 execve(a
[0], a
, env_use
);
3068 a
[0] = (char*) "/lib/systemd/systemd";
3069 execve(a
[0], a
, env_use
);
3071 a
[0] = (char*) "/sbin/init";
3072 execve(a
[0], a
, env_use
);
3074 exec_target
= "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd, /lib/systemd/systemd, /sbin/init";
3075 } else if (!strv_isempty(arg_parameters
)) {
3076 const char *dollar_path
;
3078 exec_target
= arg_parameters
[0];
3080 /* Use the user supplied search $PATH if there is one, or DEFAULT_PATH_COMPAT if not to search the
3082 dollar_path
= strv_env_get(env_use
, "PATH");
3084 if (putenv((char*) dollar_path
) != 0)
3085 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to update $PATH: %m");
3088 execvpe(arg_parameters
[0], arg_parameters
, env_use
);
3091 /* If we cannot change the directory, we'll end up in /, that is expected. */
3092 (void) chdir(home
?: "/root");
3094 execle("/bin/bash", "-bash", NULL
, env_use
);
3095 execle("/bin/sh", "-sh", NULL
, env_use
);
3097 exec_target
= "/bin/bash, /bin/sh";
3100 return log_error_errno(errno
, "execv(%s) failed: %m", exec_target
);
3103 static int setup_sd_notify_child(void) {
3104 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
3105 union sockaddr_union sa
= {
3106 .un
.sun_family
= AF_UNIX
,
3107 .un
.sun_path
= NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
,
3111 fd
= socket(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_DGRAM
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
|SOCK_NONBLOCK
, 0);
3113 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to allocate notification socket: %m");
3115 (void) mkdir_parents(NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
, 0755);
3116 (void) sockaddr_un_unlink(&sa
.un
);
3118 r
= bind(fd
, &sa
.sa
, SOCKADDR_UN_LEN(sa
.un
));
3120 return log_error_errno(errno
, "bind(" NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
") failed: %m");
3122 r
= userns_lchown(NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
, 0, 0);
3124 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to chown " NSPAWN_NOTIFY_SOCKET_PATH
": %m");
3126 r
= setsockopt_int(fd
, SOL_SOCKET
, SO_PASSCRED
, true);
3128 return log_error_errno(r
, "SO_PASSCRED failed: %m");
3133 static int outer_child(
3135 const char *directory
,
3136 const char *console
,
3137 DissectedImage
*dissected_image
,
3144 int uid_shift_socket
,
3145 int unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
,
3149 _cleanup_close_
int fd
= -1;
3154 /* This is the "outer" child process, i.e the one forked off by the container manager itself. It already has
3155 * its own CLONE_NEWNS namespace (which was created by the clone()). It still lives in the host's CLONE_NEWPID,
3156 * CLONE_NEWUTS, CLONE_NEWIPC, CLONE_NEWUSER and CLONE_NEWNET namespaces. After it completed a number of
3157 * initializations a second child (the "inner" one) is forked off it, and it exits. */
3161 assert(pid_socket
>= 0);
3162 assert(uuid_socket
>= 0);
3163 assert(notify_socket
>= 0);
3164 assert(kmsg_socket
>= 0);
3166 log_debug("Outer child is initializing.");
3168 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG
, SIGKILL
) < 0)
3169 return log_error_errno(errno
, "PR_SET_PDEATHSIG failed: %m");
3171 if (arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
) {
3176 terminal
= open_terminal(console
, O_RDWR
);
3178 return log_error_errno(terminal
, "Failed to open console: %m");
3180 /* Make sure we can continue logging to the original stderr, even if stderr points elsewhere now */
3181 r
= log_dup_console();
3183 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to duplicate stderr: %m");
3185 r
= rearrange_stdio(terminal
, terminal
, terminal
); /* invalidates 'terminal' on success and failure */
3187 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to move console to stdin/stdout/stderr: %m");
3190 r
= reset_audit_loginuid();
3194 /* Mark everything as slave, so that we still
3195 * receive mounts from the real root, but don't
3196 * propagate mounts to the real root. */
3197 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, "/", NULL
, MS_SLAVE
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3201 if (dissected_image
) {
3202 /* If we are operating on a disk image, then mount its root directory now, but leave out the rest. We
3203 * can read the UID shift from it if we need to. Further down we'll mount the rest, but then with the
3204 * uid shift known. That way we can mount VFAT file systems shifted to the right place right away. This
3205 * makes sure ESP partitions and userns are compatible. */
3207 r
= dissected_image_mount(dissected_image
, directory
, arg_uid_shift
,
3208 DISSECT_IMAGE_MOUNT_ROOT_ONLY
|DISSECT_IMAGE_DISCARD_ON_LOOP
|
3209 (arg_read_only
? DISSECT_IMAGE_READ_ONLY
: 0)|
3210 (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
? DISSECT_IMAGE_VALIDATE_OS
: 0));
3215 r
= determine_uid_shift(directory
);
3219 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
3220 /* Let the parent know which UID shift we read from the image */
3221 l
= send(uid_shift_socket
, &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof(arg_uid_shift
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3223 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send UID shift: %m");
3224 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uid_shift
))
3225 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3226 "Short write while sending UID shift.");
3228 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
3229 /* When we are supposed to pick the UID shift, the parent will check now whether the UID shift
3230 * we just read from the image is available. If yes, it will send the UID shift back to us, if
3231 * not it will pick a different one, and send it back to us. */
3233 l
= recv(uid_shift_socket
, &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof(arg_uid_shift
), 0);
3235 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to recv UID shift: %m");
3236 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uid_shift
))
3237 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3238 "Short read while receiving UID shift.");
3241 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
,
3242 "Selected user namespace base " UID_FMT
" and range " UID_FMT
".", arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
3245 if (!dissected_image
) {
3246 /* Turn directory into bind mount */
3247 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, directory
, directory
, NULL
, MS_BIND
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3252 r
= setup_pivot_root(
3255 arg_pivot_root_old
);
3259 r
= setup_volatile_mode(
3262 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
3265 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
3269 if (dissected_image
) {
3270 /* Now we know the uid shift, let's now mount everything else that might be in the image. */
3271 r
= dissected_image_mount(dissected_image
, directory
, arg_uid_shift
,
3272 DISSECT_IMAGE_MOUNT_NON_ROOT_ONLY
|DISSECT_IMAGE_DISCARD_ON_LOOP
|(arg_read_only
? DISSECT_IMAGE_READ_ONLY
: 0));
3277 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
) {
3278 /* OK, we don't know yet which cgroup mode to use yet. Let's figure it out, and tell the parent. */
3280 r
= detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_image(directory
);
3284 l
= send(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
, &arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3286 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send cgroup mode: %m");
3287 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
))
3288 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3289 "Short write while sending cgroup mode.");
3291 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
= safe_close(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket
);
3294 /* Mark everything as shared so our mounts get propagated down. This is
3295 * required to make new bind mounts available in systemd services
3296 * inside the containter that create a new mount namespace.
3297 * See https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3860
3298 * Further submounts (such as /dev) done after this will inherit the
3299 * shared propagation mode. */
3300 r
= mount_verbose(LOG_ERR
, NULL
, directory
, NULL
, MS_SHARED
|MS_REC
, NULL
);
3304 r
= recursive_chown(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
3308 r
= base_filesystem_create(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, (gid_t
) arg_uid_shift
);
3312 if (arg_read_only
&& arg_volatile_mode
== VOLATILE_NO
) {
3313 r
= bind_remount_recursive(directory
, MS_RDONLY
, MS_RDONLY
, NULL
);
3315 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to make tree read-only: %m");
3318 r
= mount_all(directory
,
3321 arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
3325 r
= copy_devnodes(directory
);
3329 r
= make_extra_nodes(directory
);
3333 (void) dev_setup(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
);
3334 (void) make_inaccessible_nodes(directory
, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_shift
);
3336 r
= setup_pts(directory
);
3340 r
= setup_propagate(directory
);
3344 r
= setup_dev_console(directory
, console
);
3348 r
= setup_keyring();
3352 r
= setup_timezone(directory
);
3356 r
= setup_resolv_conf(directory
);
3360 r
= setup_machine_id(directory
);
3364 r
= setup_journal(directory
);
3371 arg_n_custom_mounts
,
3372 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
3375 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3380 if (!arg_use_cgns
) {
3383 arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
,
3384 arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
,
3387 arg_selinux_apifs_context
,
3393 r
= mount_move_root(directory
);
3395 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to move root directory: %m");
3397 fd
= setup_sd_notify_child();
3401 pid
= raw_clone(SIGCHLD
|CLONE_NEWNS
|
3402 arg_clone_ns_flags
|
3403 (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
? CLONE_NEWUSER
: 0));
3405 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to fork inner child: %m");
3407 pid_socket
= safe_close(pid_socket
);
3408 uuid_socket
= safe_close(uuid_socket
);
3409 notify_socket
= safe_close(notify_socket
);
3410 uid_shift_socket
= safe_close(uid_shift_socket
);
3412 /* The inner child has all namespaces that are
3413 * requested, so that we all are owned by the user if
3414 * user namespaces are turned on. */
3416 if (arg_network_namespace_path
) {
3417 r
= namespace_enter(-1, -1, netns_fd
, -1, -1);
3419 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to join network namespace: %m");
3422 r
= inner_child(barrier
, directory
, secondary
, kmsg_socket
, rtnl_socket
, fds
);
3424 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
3426 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS
);
3429 l
= send(pid_socket
, &pid
, sizeof(pid
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3431 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send PID: %m");
3432 if (l
!= sizeof(pid
))
3433 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3434 "Short write while sending PID.");
3436 l
= send(uuid_socket
, &arg_uuid
, sizeof(arg_uuid
), MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
3438 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send machine ID: %m");
3439 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uuid
))
3440 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
),
3441 "Short write while sending machine ID.");
3443 l
= send_one_fd(notify_socket
, fd
, 0);
3445 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send notify fd: %m");
3447 pid_socket
= safe_close(pid_socket
);
3448 uuid_socket
= safe_close(uuid_socket
);
3449 notify_socket
= safe_close(notify_socket
);
3450 kmsg_socket
= safe_close(kmsg_socket
);
3451 rtnl_socket
= safe_close(rtnl_socket
);
3452 netns_fd
= safe_close(netns_fd
);
3457 static int uid_shift_pick(uid_t
*shift
, LockFile
*ret_lock_file
) {
3458 bool tried_hashed
= false;
3459 unsigned n_tries
= 100;
3464 assert(ret_lock_file
);
3465 assert(arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
);
3466 assert(arg_uid_range
== 0x10000U
);
3470 (void) mkdir("/run/systemd/nspawn-uid", 0755);
3473 char lock_path
[STRLEN("/run/systemd/nspawn-uid/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t
) + 1];
3474 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile lf
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
3479 if (candidate
< CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
|| candidate
> CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MAX
)
3481 if ((candidate
& UINT32_C(0xFFFF)) != 0)
3484 xsprintf(lock_path
, "/run/systemd/nspawn-uid/" UID_FMT
, candidate
);
3485 r
= make_lock_file(lock_path
, LOCK_EX
|LOCK_NB
, &lf
);
3486 if (r
== -EBUSY
) /* Range already taken by another nspawn instance */
3491 /* Make some superficial checks whether the range is currently known in the user database */
3492 if (getpwuid(candidate
))
3494 if (getpwuid(candidate
+ UINT32_C(0xFFFE)))
3496 if (getgrgid(candidate
))
3498 if (getgrgid(candidate
+ UINT32_C(0xFFFE)))
3501 *ret_lock_file
= lf
;
3502 lf
= (struct LockFile
) LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
3507 if (arg_machine
&& !tried_hashed
) {
3508 /* Try to hash the base from the container name */
3510 static const uint8_t hash_key
[] = {
3511 0xe1, 0x56, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0x4a, 0xf0, 0x41, 0xaf,
3512 0x96, 0x41, 0xcf, 0x41, 0x33, 0x94, 0xff, 0x72
3515 candidate
= (uid_t
) siphash24(arg_machine
, strlen(arg_machine
), hash_key
);
3517 tried_hashed
= true;
3519 random_bytes(&candidate
, sizeof(candidate
));
3521 candidate
= (candidate
% (CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MAX
- CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
)) + CONTAINER_UID_BASE_MIN
;
3522 candidate
&= (uid_t
) UINT32_C(0xFFFF0000);
3526 static int setup_uid_map(pid_t pid
) {
3527 char uid_map
[STRLEN("/proc//uid_map") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t
) + 1], line
[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t
)*3+3+1];
3532 xsprintf(uid_map
, "/proc/" PID_FMT
"/uid_map", pid
);
3533 xsprintf(line
, UID_FMT
" " UID_FMT
" " UID_FMT
"\n", 0, arg_uid_shift
, arg_uid_range
);
3534 r
= write_string_file(uid_map
, line
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER
);
3536 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write UID map: %m");
3538 /* We always assign the same UID and GID ranges */
3539 xsprintf(uid_map
, "/proc/" PID_FMT
"/gid_map", pid
);
3540 r
= write_string_file(uid_map
, line
, WRITE_STRING_FILE_DISABLE_BUFFER
);
3542 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to write GID map: %m");
3547 static int nspawn_dispatch_notify_fd(sd_event_source
*source
, int fd
, uint32_t revents
, void *userdata
) {
3548 char buf
[NOTIFY_BUFFER_MAX
+1];
3550 struct iovec iovec
= {
3552 .iov_len
= sizeof(buf
)-1,
3555 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr
;
3556 uint8_t buf
[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct ucred
)) +
3557 CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int) * NOTIFY_FD_MAX
)];
3559 struct msghdr msghdr
= {
3562 .msg_control
= &control
,
3563 .msg_controllen
= sizeof(control
),
3565 struct cmsghdr
*cmsg
;
3566 struct ucred
*ucred
= NULL
;
3568 pid_t inner_child_pid
;
3569 _cleanup_strv_free_
char **tags
= NULL
;
3573 inner_child_pid
= PTR_TO_PID(userdata
);
3575 if (revents
!= EPOLLIN
) {
3576 log_warning("Got unexpected poll event for notify fd.");
3580 n
= recvmsg(fd
, &msghdr
, MSG_DONTWAIT
|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC
);
3582 if (IN_SET(errno
, EAGAIN
, EINTR
))
3585 return log_warning_errno(errno
, "Couldn't read notification socket: %m");
3587 cmsg_close_all(&msghdr
);
3589 CMSG_FOREACH(cmsg
, &msghdr
) {
3590 if (cmsg
->cmsg_level
== SOL_SOCKET
&&
3591 cmsg
->cmsg_type
== SCM_CREDENTIALS
&&
3592 cmsg
->cmsg_len
== CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ucred
))) {
3594 ucred
= (struct ucred
*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg
);
3598 if (!ucred
|| ucred
->pid
!= inner_child_pid
) {
3599 log_debug("Received notify message without valid credentials. Ignoring.");
3603 if ((size_t) n
>= sizeof(buf
)) {
3604 log_warning("Received notify message exceeded maximum size. Ignoring.");
3609 tags
= strv_split(buf
, "\n\r");
3613 if (strv_find(tags
, "READY=1"))
3614 (void) sd_notifyf(false, "READY=1\n");
3616 p
= strv_find_startswith(tags
, "STATUS=");
3618 (void) sd_notifyf(false, "STATUS=Container running: %s", p
);
3623 static int setup_sd_notify_parent(sd_event
*event
, int fd
, pid_t
*inner_child_pid
, sd_event_source
**notify_event_source
) {
3626 r
= sd_event_add_io(event
, notify_event_source
, fd
, EPOLLIN
, nspawn_dispatch_notify_fd
, inner_child_pid
);
3628 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to allocate notify event source: %m");
3630 (void) sd_event_source_set_description(*notify_event_source
, "nspawn-notify");
3635 static int merge_settings(Settings
*settings
, const char *path
) {
3641 /* Copy over bits from the settings, unless they have been explicitly masked by command line switches. Note
3642 * that this steals the fields of the Settings* structure, and hence modifies it. */
3644 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_START_MODE
) == 0 &&
3645 settings
->start_mode
>= 0) {
3646 arg_start_mode
= settings
->start_mode
;
3647 strv_free_and_replace(arg_parameters
, settings
->parameters
);
3650 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_EPHEMERAL
) == 0)
3651 arg_ephemeral
= settings
->ephemeral
;
3653 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_DIRECTORY
) == 0 &&
3656 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3657 log_warning("Ignoring root directory setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
3659 free_and_replace(arg_directory
, settings
->root
);
3662 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_PIVOT_ROOT
) == 0 &&
3663 settings
->pivot_root_new
) {
3664 free_and_replace(arg_pivot_root_new
, settings
->pivot_root_new
);
3665 free_and_replace(arg_pivot_root_old
, settings
->pivot_root_old
);
3668 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_WORKING_DIRECTORY
) == 0 &&
3669 settings
->working_directory
)
3670 free_and_replace(arg_chdir
, settings
->working_directory
);
3672 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_ENVIRONMENT
) == 0 &&
3673 settings
->environment
)
3674 strv_free_and_replace(arg_setenv
, settings
->environment
);
3676 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USER
) == 0) {
3679 free_and_replace(arg_user
, settings
->user
);
3681 if (uid_is_valid(settings
->uid
))
3682 arg_uid
= settings
->uid
;
3683 if (gid_is_valid(settings
->gid
))
3684 arg_gid
= settings
->gid
;
3685 if (settings
->n_supplementary_gids
> 0) {
3686 free_and_replace(arg_supplementary_gids
, settings
->supplementary_gids
);
3687 arg_n_supplementary_gids
= settings
->n_supplementary_gids
;
3691 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CAPABILITY
) == 0) {
3692 uint64_t plus
, minus
;
3694 /* Note that we copy both the simple plus/minus caps here, and the full quintet from the
3695 * Settings structure */
3697 plus
= settings
->capability
;
3698 minus
= settings
->drop_capability
;
3700 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NETWORK
) == 0) {
3701 if (settings_private_network(settings
))
3702 plus
|= UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN
;
3704 minus
|= UINT64_C(1) << CAP_NET_ADMIN
;
3707 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& plus
!= 0) {
3708 if (settings
->capability
!= 0)
3709 log_warning("Ignoring Capability= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
3711 arg_caps_retain
|= plus
;
3713 arg_caps_retain
&= ~minus
;
3715 /* Copy the full capabilities over too */
3716 if (capability_quintet_is_set(&settings
->full_capabilities
)) {
3717 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3718 log_warning("Ignoring capabilitiy settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
3720 arg_full_capabilities
= settings
->full_capabilities
;
3724 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_KILL_SIGNAL
) == 0 &&
3725 settings
->kill_signal
> 0)
3726 arg_kill_signal
= settings
->kill_signal
;
3728 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_PERSONALITY
) == 0 &&
3729 settings
->personality
!= PERSONALITY_INVALID
)
3730 arg_personality
= settings
->personality
;
3732 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_MACHINE_ID
) == 0 &&
3733 !sd_id128_is_null(settings
->machine_id
)) {
3735 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3736 log_warning("Ignoring MachineID= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
3738 arg_uuid
= settings
->machine_id
;
3741 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_READ_ONLY
) == 0 &&
3742 settings
->read_only
>= 0)
3743 arg_read_only
= settings
->read_only
;
3745 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_VOLATILE_MODE
) == 0 &&
3746 settings
->volatile_mode
!= _VOLATILE_MODE_INVALID
)
3747 arg_volatile_mode
= settings
->volatile_mode
;
3749 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS
) == 0 &&
3750 settings
->n_custom_mounts
> 0) {
3752 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3753 log_warning("Ignoring TemporaryFileSystem=, Bind= and BindReadOnly= settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
3755 custom_mount_free_all(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
3756 arg_custom_mounts
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->custom_mounts
);
3757 arg_n_custom_mounts
= settings
->n_custom_mounts
;
3758 settings
->n_custom_mounts
= 0;
3762 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NETWORK
) == 0 &&
3763 (settings
->private_network
>= 0 ||
3764 settings
->network_veth
>= 0 ||
3765 settings
->network_bridge
||
3766 settings
->network_zone
||
3767 settings
->network_interfaces
||
3768 settings
->network_macvlan
||
3769 settings
->network_ipvlan
||
3770 settings
->network_veth_extra
||
3771 settings
->network_namespace_path
)) {
3773 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3774 log_warning("Ignoring network settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
3776 arg_network_veth
= settings_network_veth(settings
);
3777 arg_private_network
= settings_private_network(settings
);
3779 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_interfaces
, settings
->network_interfaces
);
3780 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_macvlan
, settings
->network_macvlan
);
3781 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_ipvlan
, settings
->network_ipvlan
);
3782 strv_free_and_replace(arg_network_veth_extra
, settings
->network_veth_extra
);
3784 free_and_replace(arg_network_bridge
, settings
->network_bridge
);
3785 free_and_replace(arg_network_zone
, settings
->network_zone
);
3787 free_and_replace(arg_network_namespace_path
, settings
->network_namespace_path
);
3791 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_EXPOSE_PORTS
) == 0 &&
3792 settings
->expose_ports
) {
3794 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3795 log_warning("Ignoring Port= setting, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
3797 expose_port_free_all(arg_expose_ports
);
3798 arg_expose_ports
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->expose_ports
);
3802 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USERNS
) == 0 &&
3803 settings
->userns_mode
!= _USER_NAMESPACE_MODE_INVALID
) {
3805 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3806 log_warning("Ignoring PrivateUsers= and PrivateUsersChown= settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
3808 arg_userns_mode
= settings
->userns_mode
;
3809 arg_uid_shift
= settings
->uid_shift
;
3810 arg_uid_range
= settings
->uid_range
;
3811 arg_userns_chown
= settings
->userns_chown
;
3815 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NOTIFY_READY
) == 0)
3816 arg_notify_ready
= settings
->notify_ready
;
3818 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_SYSCALL_FILTER
) == 0) {
3820 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& !strv_isempty(settings
->syscall_whitelist
))
3821 log_warning("Ignoring SystemCallFilter= settings, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
3823 strv_free_and_replace(arg_syscall_whitelist
, settings
->syscall_whitelist
);
3824 strv_free_and_replace(arg_syscall_blacklist
, settings
->syscall_blacklist
);
3828 if (!arg_settings_trusted
&& settings
->seccomp
)
3829 log_warning("Ignoring SECCOMP filter, file %s is not trusted.", path
);
3831 seccomp_release(arg_seccomp
);
3832 arg_seccomp
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->seccomp
);
3837 for (rl
= 0; rl
< _RLIMIT_MAX
; rl
++) {
3838 if ((arg_settings_mask
& (SETTING_RLIMIT_FIRST
<< rl
)))
3841 if (!settings
->rlimit
[rl
])
3844 if (!arg_settings_trusted
) {
3845 log_warning("Ignoring Limit%s= setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", rlimit_to_string(rl
), path
);
3849 free_and_replace(arg_rlimit
[rl
], settings
->rlimit
[rl
]);
3852 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_HOSTNAME
) == 0 &&
3854 free_and_replace(arg_hostname
, settings
->hostname
);
3856 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES
) == 0 &&
3857 settings
->no_new_privileges
>= 0)
3858 arg_no_new_privileges
= settings
->no_new_privileges
;
3860 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_OOM_SCORE_ADJUST
) == 0 &&
3861 settings
->oom_score_adjust_set
) {
3863 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3864 log_warning("Ignoring OOMScoreAdjust= setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
3866 arg_oom_score_adjust
= settings
->oom_score_adjust
;
3867 arg_oom_score_adjust_set
= true;
3871 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CPU_AFFINITY
) == 0 &&
3874 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3875 log_warning("Ignoring CPUAffinity= setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
3878 CPU_FREE(arg_cpuset
);
3879 arg_cpuset
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->cpuset
);
3880 arg_cpuset_ncpus
= settings
->cpuset_ncpus
;
3884 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_RESOLV_CONF
) == 0 &&
3885 settings
->resolv_conf
!= _RESOLV_CONF_MODE_INVALID
)
3886 arg_resolv_conf
= settings
->resolv_conf
;
3888 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_LINK_JOURNAL
) == 0 &&
3889 settings
->link_journal
!= _LINK_JOURNAL_INVALID
) {
3891 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3892 log_warning("Ignoring journal link setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
3894 arg_link_journal
= settings
->link_journal
;
3895 arg_link_journal_try
= settings
->link_journal_try
;
3899 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_TIMEZONE
) == 0 &&
3900 settings
->timezone
!= _TIMEZONE_MODE_INVALID
)
3901 arg_timezone
= settings
->timezone
;
3903 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_SLICE
) == 0 &&
3906 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3907 log_warning("Ignoring slice setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
3909 free_and_replace(arg_slice
, settings
->slice
);
3912 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_USE_CGNS
) == 0 &&
3913 settings
->use_cgns
>= 0) {
3915 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3916 log_warning("Ignoring cgroup namespace setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
3918 arg_use_cgns
= settings
->use_cgns
;
3921 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CLONE_NS_FLAGS
) == 0 &&
3922 settings
->clone_ns_flags
!= (unsigned long) -1) {
3924 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3925 log_warning("Ignoring namespace setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
3927 arg_clone_ns_flags
= settings
->clone_ns_flags
;
3930 if ((arg_settings_mask
& SETTING_CONSOLE_MODE
) == 0 &&
3931 settings
->console_mode
>= 0) {
3933 if (!arg_settings_trusted
)
3934 log_warning("Ignoring console mode setting, file '%s' is not trusted.", path
);
3936 arg_console_mode
= settings
->console_mode
;
3939 /* The following properties can only be set through the OCI settings logic, not from the command line, hence we
3940 * don't consult arg_settings_mask for them. */
3942 sd_bus_message_unref(arg_property_message
);
3943 arg_property_message
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->properties
);
3945 arg_console_width
= settings
->console_width
;
3946 arg_console_height
= settings
->console_height
;
3948 device_node_array_free(arg_extra_nodes
, arg_n_extra_nodes
);
3949 arg_extra_nodes
= TAKE_PTR(settings
->extra_nodes
);
3950 arg_n_extra_nodes
= settings
->n_extra_nodes
;
3955 static int load_settings(void) {
3956 _cleanup_(settings_freep
) Settings
*settings
= NULL
;
3957 _cleanup_fclose_
FILE *f
= NULL
;
3958 _cleanup_free_
char *p
= NULL
;
3965 /* If all settings are masked, there's no point in looking for
3966 * the settings file */
3967 if ((arg_settings_mask
& _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL
) == _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL
)
3970 fn
= strjoina(arg_machine
, ".nspawn");
3972 /* We first look in the admin's directories in /etc and /run */
3973 FOREACH_STRING(i
, "/etc/systemd/nspawn", "/run/systemd/nspawn") {
3974 _cleanup_free_
char *j
= NULL
;
3976 j
= strjoin(i
, "/", fn
);
3984 /* By default, we trust configuration from /etc and /run */
3985 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
3986 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
3991 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
3992 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open %s: %m", j
);
3996 /* After that, let's look for a file next to the
3997 * actual image we shall boot. */
4000 p
= file_in_same_dir(arg_image
, fn
);
4003 } else if (arg_directory
) {
4004 p
= file_in_same_dir(arg_directory
, fn
);
4011 if (!f
&& errno
!= ENOENT
)
4012 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to open %s: %m", p
);
4014 /* By default, we do not trust configuration from /var/lib/machines */
4015 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
4016 arg_settings_trusted
= false;
4023 log_debug("Settings are trusted: %s", yes_no(arg_settings_trusted
));
4025 r
= settings_load(f
, p
, &settings
);
4029 return merge_settings(settings
, p
);
4032 static int load_oci_bundle(void) {
4033 _cleanup_(settings_freep
) Settings
*settings
= NULL
;
4036 if (!arg_oci_bundle
)
4039 /* By default let's trust OCI bundles */
4040 if (arg_settings_trusted
< 0)
4041 arg_settings_trusted
= true;
4043 r
= oci_load(NULL
, arg_oci_bundle
, &settings
);
4047 return merge_settings(settings
, arg_oci_bundle
);
4050 static int run_container(int master
,
4051 const char* console
,
4052 DissectedImage
*dissected_image
,
4055 char veth_name
[IFNAMSIZ
], bool *veth_created
,
4056 union in_addr_union
*exposed
,
4057 pid_t
*pid
, int *ret
) {
4059 static const struct sigaction sa
= {
4060 .sa_handler
= nop_signal_handler
,
4061 .sa_flags
= SA_NOCLDSTOP
|SA_RESTART
,
4064 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile uid_shift_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
4065 _cleanup_close_
int etc_passwd_lock
= -1;
4066 _cleanup_close_pair_
int
4067 kmsg_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4068 rtnl_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4069 pid_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4070 uuid_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4071 notify_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4072 uid_shift_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1 },
4073 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[2] = { -1, -1};
4075 _cleanup_close_
int notify_socket
= -1;
4076 _cleanup_(barrier_destroy
) Barrier barrier
= BARRIER_NULL
;
4077 _cleanup_(sd_event_source_unrefp
) sd_event_source
*notify_event_source
= NULL
;
4078 _cleanup_(sd_event_unrefp
) sd_event
*event
= NULL
;
4079 _cleanup_(pty_forward_freep
) PTYForward
*forward
= NULL
;
4080 _cleanup_(sd_netlink_unrefp
) sd_netlink
*rtnl
= NULL
;
4081 _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp
) sd_bus
*bus
= NULL
;
4082 ContainerStatus container_status
= 0;
4086 _cleanup_close_
int netns_fd
= -1;
4088 assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask_chld
) == 0);
4089 assert_se(sigaddset(&mask_chld
, SIGCHLD
) == 0);
4091 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
4092 /* When we shall pick the UID/GID range, let's first lock /etc/passwd, so that we can safely
4093 * check with getpwuid() if the specific user already exists. Note that /etc might be
4094 * read-only, in which case this will fail with EROFS. But that's really OK, as in that case we
4095 * can be reasonably sure that no users are going to be added. Note that getpwuid() checks are
4096 * really just an extra safety net. We kinda assume that the UID range we allocate from is
4099 etc_passwd_lock
= take_etc_passwd_lock(NULL
);
4100 if (etc_passwd_lock
< 0 && etc_passwd_lock
!= -EROFS
)
4101 return log_error_errno(etc_passwd_lock
, "Failed to take /etc/passwd lock: %m");
4104 r
= barrier_create(&barrier
);
4106 return log_error_errno(r
, "Cannot initialize IPC barrier: %m");
4108 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, kmsg_socket_pair
) < 0)
4109 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create kmsg socket pair: %m");
4111 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, rtnl_socket_pair
) < 0)
4112 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create rtnl socket pair: %m");
4114 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, pid_socket_pair
) < 0)
4115 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create pid socket pair: %m");
4117 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, uuid_socket_pair
) < 0)
4118 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create id socket pair: %m");
4120 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, notify_socket_pair
) < 0)
4121 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create notify socket pair: %m");
4123 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
)
4124 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, uid_shift_socket_pair
) < 0)
4125 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create uid shift socket pair: %m");
4127 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
)
4128 if (socketpair(AF_UNIX
, SOCK_SEQPACKET
|SOCK_CLOEXEC
, 0, unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
) < 0)
4129 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create unified cgroup socket pair: %m");
4131 /* Child can be killed before execv(), so handle SIGCHLD in order to interrupt
4132 * parent's blocking calls and give it a chance to call wait() and terminate. */
4133 r
= sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK
, &mask_chld
, NULL
);
4135 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to change the signal mask: %m");
4137 r
= sigaction(SIGCHLD
, &sa
, NULL
);
4139 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to install SIGCHLD handler: %m");
4141 if (arg_network_namespace_path
) {
4142 netns_fd
= open(arg_network_namespace_path
, O_RDONLY
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4144 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Cannot open file %s: %m", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4146 r
= fd_is_network_ns(netns_fd
);
4148 log_debug_errno(r
, "Cannot determine if passed network namespace path '%s' really refers to a network namespace, assuming it does.", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4150 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to check %s fs type: %m", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4152 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EINVAL
),
4153 "Path %s doesn't refer to a network namespace, refusing.", arg_network_namespace_path
);
4156 *pid
= raw_clone(SIGCHLD
|CLONE_NEWNS
);
4158 return log_error_errno(errno
, "clone() failed%s: %m",
4160 ", do you have namespace support enabled in your kernel? (You need UTS, IPC, PID and NET namespacing built in)" : "");
4163 /* The outer child only has a file system namespace. */
4164 barrier_set_role(&barrier
, BARRIER_CHILD
);
4166 master
= safe_close(master
);
4168 kmsg_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair
[0]);
4169 rtnl_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(rtnl_socket_pair
[0]);
4170 pid_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(pid_socket_pair
[0]);
4171 uuid_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(uuid_socket_pair
[0]);
4172 notify_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(notify_socket_pair
[0]);
4173 uid_shift_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(uid_shift_socket_pair
[0]);
4174 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[0]);
4176 (void) reset_all_signal_handlers();
4177 (void) reset_signal_mask();
4179 r
= outer_child(&barrier
,
4185 uuid_socket_pair
[1],
4186 notify_socket_pair
[1],
4187 kmsg_socket_pair
[1],
4188 rtnl_socket_pair
[1],
4189 uid_shift_socket_pair
[1],
4190 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[1],
4194 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
4196 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS
);
4199 barrier_set_role(&barrier
, BARRIER_PARENT
);
4203 kmsg_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair
[1]);
4204 rtnl_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(rtnl_socket_pair
[1]);
4205 pid_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(pid_socket_pair
[1]);
4206 uuid_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(uuid_socket_pair
[1]);
4207 notify_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(notify_socket_pair
[1]);
4208 uid_shift_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(uid_shift_socket_pair
[1]);
4209 unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[1] = safe_close(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[1]);
4211 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
4212 /* The child just let us know the UID shift it might have read from the image. */
4213 l
= recv(uid_shift_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof arg_uid_shift
, 0);
4215 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read UID shift: %m");
4216 if (l
!= sizeof arg_uid_shift
)
4217 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading UID shift.");
4219 if (arg_userns_mode
== USER_NAMESPACE_PICK
) {
4220 /* If we are supposed to pick the UID shift, let's try to use the shift read from the
4221 * image, but if that's already in use, pick a new one, and report back to the child,
4222 * which one we now picked. */
4224 r
= uid_shift_pick(&arg_uid_shift
, &uid_shift_lock
);
4226 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to pick suitable UID/GID range: %m");
4228 l
= send(uid_shift_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uid_shift
, sizeof arg_uid_shift
, MSG_NOSIGNAL
);
4230 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to send UID shift: %m");
4231 if (l
!= sizeof arg_uid_shift
)
4232 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short write while writing UID shift.");
4236 if (arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
== CGROUP_UNIFIED_UNKNOWN
) {
4237 /* The child let us know the support cgroup mode it might have read from the image. */
4238 l
= recv(unified_cgroup_hierarchy_socket_pair
[0], &arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
), 0);
4240 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read cgroup mode: %m");
4241 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
))
4242 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading cgroup mode (%zu bytes).%s",
4243 l
, l
== 0 ? " The child is most likely dead." : "");
4246 /* Wait for the outer child. */
4247 r
= wait_for_terminate_and_check("(sd-namespace)", *pid
, WAIT_LOG_ABNORMAL
);
4250 if (r
!= EXIT_SUCCESS
)
4253 /* And now retrieve the PID of the inner child. */
4254 l
= recv(pid_socket_pair
[0], pid
, sizeof *pid
, 0);
4256 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read inner child PID: %m");
4257 if (l
!= sizeof *pid
)
4258 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading inner child PID.");
4260 /* We also retrieve container UUID in case it was generated by outer child */
4261 l
= recv(uuid_socket_pair
[0], &arg_uuid
, sizeof arg_uuid
, 0);
4263 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read container machine ID: %m");
4264 if (l
!= sizeof(arg_uuid
))
4265 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(EIO
), "Short read while reading container machined ID.");
4267 /* We also retrieve the socket used for notifications generated by outer child */
4268 notify_socket
= receive_one_fd(notify_socket_pair
[0], 0);
4269 if (notify_socket
< 0)
4270 return log_error_errno(notify_socket
,
4271 "Failed to receive notification socket from the outer child: %m");
4273 log_debug("Init process invoked as PID "PID_FMT
, *pid
);
4275 if (arg_userns_mode
!= USER_NAMESPACE_NO
) {
4276 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) /* #1 */
4277 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Child died too early.");
4279 r
= setup_uid_map(*pid
);
4283 (void) barrier_place(&barrier
); /* #2 */
4286 if (arg_private_network
) {
4287 if (!arg_network_namespace_path
) {
4288 /* Wait until the child has unshared its network namespace. */
4289 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) /* #3 */
4290 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Child died too early");
4293 r
= move_network_interfaces(*pid
, arg_network_interfaces
);
4297 if (arg_network_veth
) {
4298 r
= setup_veth(arg_machine
, *pid
, veth_name
,
4299 arg_network_bridge
|| arg_network_zone
);
4305 if (arg_network_bridge
) {
4306 /* Add the interface to a bridge */
4307 r
= setup_bridge(veth_name
, arg_network_bridge
, false);
4312 } else if (arg_network_zone
) {
4313 /* Add the interface to a bridge, possibly creating it */
4314 r
= setup_bridge(veth_name
, arg_network_zone
, true);
4322 r
= setup_veth_extra(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
4326 /* We created the primary and extra veth links now; let's remember this, so that we know to
4327 remove them later on. Note that we don't bother with removing veth links that were created
4328 here when their setup failed half-way, because in that case the kernel should be able to
4329 remove them on its own, since they cannot be referenced by anything yet. */
4330 *veth_created
= true;
4332 r
= setup_macvlan(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_macvlan
);
4336 r
= setup_ipvlan(arg_machine
, *pid
, arg_network_ipvlan
);
4341 if (arg_register
|| !arg_keep_unit
) {
4342 r
= sd_bus_default_system(&bus
);
4344 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to open system bus: %m");
4346 r
= sd_bus_set_close_on_exit(bus
, false);
4348 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to disable close-on-exit behaviour: %m");
4351 if (!arg_keep_unit
) {
4352 /* When a new scope is created for this container, then we'll be registered as its controller, in which
4353 * case PID 1 will send us a friendly RequestStop signal, when it is asked to terminate the
4354 * scope. Let's hook into that, and cleanly shut down the container, and print a friendly message. */
4356 r
= sd_bus_match_signal_async(
4359 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
4361 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Scope",
4363 on_request_stop
, NULL
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
4365 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to request RequestStop match: %m");
4369 r
= register_machine(
4377 arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
,
4380 arg_property_message
,
4382 arg_container_service_name
);
4386 } else if (!arg_keep_unit
) {
4392 arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
,
4395 arg_property_message
);
4399 } else if (arg_slice
|| arg_property
)
4400 log_notice("Machine and scope registration turned off, --slice= and --property= settings will have no effect.");
4402 r
= create_subcgroup(*pid
, arg_keep_unit
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
);
4406 r
= sync_cgroup(*pid
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, arg_uid_shift
);
4410 r
= chown_cgroup(*pid
, arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy
, arg_uid_shift
);
4414 /* Notify the child that the parent is ready with all
4415 * its setup (including cgroup-ification), and that
4416 * the child can now hand over control to the code to
4417 * run inside the container. */
4418 (void) barrier_place(&barrier
); /* #4 */
4420 /* Block SIGCHLD here, before notifying child.
4421 * process_pty() will handle it with the other signals. */
4422 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK
, &mask_chld
, NULL
) >= 0);
4424 /* Reset signal to default */
4425 r
= default_signals(SIGCHLD
, -1);
4427 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to reset SIGCHLD: %m");
4429 r
= sd_event_new(&event
);
4431 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to get default event source: %m");
4433 (void) sd_event_set_watchdog(event
, true);
4436 r
= sd_bus_attach_event(bus
, event
, 0);
4438 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to attach bus to event loop: %m");
4441 r
= setup_sd_notify_parent(event
, notify_socket
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
), ¬ify_event_source
);
4445 /* Let the child know that we are ready and wait that the child is completely ready now. */
4446 if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier
)) /* #5 */
4447 return log_error_errno(SYNTHETIC_ERRNO(ESRCH
), "Child died too early.");
4449 /* At this point we have made use of the UID we picked, and thus nss-mymachines
4450 * will make them appear in getpwuid(), thus we can release the /etc/passwd lock. */
4451 etc_passwd_lock
= safe_close(etc_passwd_lock
);
4453 (void) sd_notifyf(false,
4454 "STATUS=Container running.\n"
4455 "X_NSPAWN_LEADER_PID=" PID_FMT
, *pid
);
4456 if (!arg_notify_ready
)
4457 (void) sd_notify(false, "READY=1\n");
4459 if (arg_kill_signal
> 0) {
4460 /* Try to kill the init system on SIGINT or SIGTERM */
4461 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGINT
, on_orderly_shutdown
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
4462 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGTERM
, on_orderly_shutdown
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
4464 /* Immediately exit */
4465 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGINT
, NULL
, NULL
);
4466 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGTERM
, NULL
, NULL
);
4469 /* Exit when the child exits */
4470 (void) sd_event_add_signal(event
, NULL
, SIGCHLD
, on_sigchld
, PID_TO_PTR(*pid
));
4472 if (arg_expose_ports
) {
4473 r
= expose_port_watch_rtnl(event
, rtnl_socket_pair
[0], on_address_change
, exposed
, &rtnl
);
4477 (void) expose_port_execute(rtnl
, arg_expose_ports
, exposed
);
4480 rtnl_socket_pair
[0] = safe_close(rtnl_socket_pair
[0]);
4482 if (IN_SET(arg_console_mode
, CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
, CONSOLE_READ_ONLY
)) {
4483 assert(master
>= 0);
4485 r
= pty_forward_new(event
, master
,
4486 PTY_FORWARD_IGNORE_VHANGUP
| (arg_console_mode
== CONSOLE_READ_ONLY
? PTY_FORWARD_READ_ONLY
: 0),
4489 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create PTY forwarder: %m");
4491 if (arg_console_width
!= (unsigned) -1 || arg_console_height
!= (unsigned) -1)
4492 (void) pty_forward_set_width_height(forward
, arg_console_width
, arg_console_height
);
4495 r
= sd_event_loop(event
);
4497 return log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to run event loop: %m");
4502 (void) pty_forward_get_last_char(forward
, &last_char
);
4503 forward
= pty_forward_free(forward
);
4505 if (!arg_quiet
&& last_char
!= '\n')
4509 /* Kill if it is not dead yet anyway */
4512 terminate_machine(bus
, arg_machine
);
4513 else if (!arg_keep_unit
)
4514 terminate_scope(bus
, arg_machine
);
4517 /* Normally redundant, but better safe than sorry */
4518 (void) kill(*pid
, SIGKILL
);
4520 r
= wait_for_container(*pid
, &container_status
);
4524 /* We failed to wait for the container, or the container exited abnormally. */
4526 if (r
> 0 || container_status
== CONTAINER_TERMINATED
) {
4527 /* r > 0 → The container exited with a non-zero status.
4528 * As a special case, we need to replace 133 with a different value,
4529 * because 133 is special-cased in the service file to reboot the container.
4530 * otherwise → The container exited with zero status and a reboot was not requested.
4532 if (r
== EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
)
4533 r
= EXIT_FAILURE
; /* replace 133 with the general failure code */
4535 return 0; /* finito */
4538 /* CONTAINER_REBOOTED, loop again */
4540 if (arg_keep_unit
) {
4541 /* Special handling if we are running as a service: instead of simply
4542 * restarting the machine we want to restart the entire service, so let's
4543 * inform systemd about this with the special exit code 133. The service
4544 * file uses RestartForceExitStatus=133 so that this results in a full
4545 * nspawn restart. This is necessary since we might have cgroup parameters
4546 * set we want to have flushed out. */
4547 *ret
= EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
;
4548 return 0; /* finito */
4551 expose_port_flush(arg_expose_ports
, exposed
);
4553 (void) remove_veth_links(veth_name
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
4554 *veth_created
= false;
4555 return 1; /* loop again */
4558 static int initialize_rlimits(void) {
4559 /* The default resource limits the kernel passes to PID 1, as per kernel 4.16. Let's pass our container payload
4560 * the same values as the kernel originally passed to PID 1, in order to minimize differences between host and
4561 * container execution environments. */
4563 static const struct rlimit kernel_defaults
[_RLIMIT_MAX
] = {
4564 [RLIMIT_AS
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
4565 [RLIMIT_CORE
] = { 0, RLIM_INFINITY
},
4566 [RLIMIT_CPU
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
4567 [RLIMIT_DATA
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
4568 [RLIMIT_FSIZE
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
4569 [RLIMIT_LOCKS
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
4570 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
] = { 65536, 65536 },
4571 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE
] = { 819200, 819200 },
4572 [RLIMIT_NICE
] = { 0, 0 },
4573 [RLIMIT_NOFILE
] = { 1024, 4096 },
4574 [RLIMIT_RSS
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
4575 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO
] = { 0, 0 },
4576 [RLIMIT_RTTIME
] = { RLIM_INFINITY
, RLIM_INFINITY
},
4577 [RLIMIT_STACK
] = { 8388608, RLIM_INFINITY
},
4579 /* The kernel scales the default for RLIMIT_NPROC and RLIMIT_SIGPENDING based on the system's amount of
4580 * RAM. To provide best compatibility we'll read these limits off PID 1 instead of hardcoding them
4581 * here. This is safe as we know that PID 1 doesn't change these two limits and thus the original
4582 * kernel's initialization should still be valid during runtime — at least if PID 1 is systemd. Note
4583 * that PID 1 changes a number of other resource limits during early initialization which is why we
4584 * don't read the other limits from PID 1 but prefer the static table above. */
4589 for (rl
= 0; rl
< _RLIMIT_MAX
; rl
++) {
4590 /* Let's only fill in what the user hasn't explicitly configured anyway */
4591 if ((arg_settings_mask
& (SETTING_RLIMIT_FIRST
<< rl
)) == 0) {
4592 const struct rlimit
*v
;
4593 struct rlimit buffer
;
4595 if (IN_SET(rl
, RLIMIT_NPROC
, RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
)) {
4596 /* For these two let's read the limits off PID 1. See above for an explanation. */
4598 if (prlimit(1, rl
, NULL
, &buffer
) < 0)
4599 return log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to read resource limit RLIMIT_%s of PID 1: %m", rlimit_to_string(rl
));
4603 v
= kernel_defaults
+ rl
;
4605 arg_rlimit
[rl
] = newdup(struct rlimit
, v
, 1);
4606 if (!arg_rlimit
[rl
])
4610 if (DEBUG_LOGGING
) {
4611 _cleanup_free_
char *k
= NULL
;
4613 (void) rlimit_format(arg_rlimit
[rl
], &k
);
4614 log_debug("Setting RLIMIT_%s to %s.", rlimit_to_string(rl
), k
);
4621 static int run(int argc
, char *argv
[]) {
4622 _cleanup_free_
char *console
= NULL
;
4623 _cleanup_close_
int master
= -1;
4624 _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet
*fds
= NULL
;
4625 int r
, n_fd_passed
, ret
= EXIT_SUCCESS
;
4626 char veth_name
[IFNAMSIZ
] = "";
4627 bool secondary
= false, remove_directory
= false, remove_image
= false;
4629 union in_addr_union exposed
= {};
4630 _cleanup_(release_lock_file
) LockFile tree_global_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
, tree_local_lock
= LOCK_FILE_INIT
;
4631 bool veth_created
= false, remove_tmprootdir
= false;
4632 char tmprootdir
[] = "/tmp/nspawn-root-XXXXXX";
4633 _cleanup_(loop_device_unrefp
) LoopDevice
*loop
= NULL
;
4634 _cleanup_(decrypted_image_unrefp
) DecryptedImage
*decrypted_image
= NULL
;
4635 _cleanup_(dissected_image_unrefp
) DissectedImage
*dissected_image
= NULL
;
4637 log_parse_environment();
4640 r
= parse_argv(argc
, argv
);
4648 r
= initialize_rlimits();
4652 r
= load_oci_bundle();
4656 r
= determine_names();
4660 r
= load_settings();
4664 r
= cg_unified_flush();
4666 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether the unified cgroups hierarchy is used: %m");
4670 r
= verify_arguments();
4674 r
= detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy_from_environment();
4678 /* Ignore SIGPIPE here, because we use splice() on the ptyfwd stuff and that will generate SIGPIPE if
4679 * the result is closed. Note that the container payload child will reset signal mask+handler anyway,
4680 * so just turning this off here means we only turn it off in nspawn itself, not any children. */
4681 (void) ignore_signals(SIGPIPE
, -1);
4683 n_fd_passed
= sd_listen_fds(false);
4684 if (n_fd_passed
> 0) {
4685 r
= fdset_new_listen_fds(&fds
, false);
4687 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to collect file descriptors: %m");
4692 /* The "default" umask. This is appropriate for most file and directory
4693 * operations performed by nspawn, and is the umask that will be used for
4694 * the child. Functions like copy_devnodes() change the umask temporarily. */
4697 if (arg_directory
) {
4700 if (path_equal(arg_directory
, "/") && !arg_ephemeral
) {
4701 log_error("Spawning container on root directory is not supported. Consider using --ephemeral.");
4706 if (arg_ephemeral
) {
4707 _cleanup_free_
char *np
= NULL
;
4709 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_directory
, 0);
4713 /* If the specified path is a mount point we
4714 * generate the new snapshot immediately
4715 * inside it under a random name. However if
4716 * the specified is not a mount point we
4717 * create the new snapshot in the parent
4718 * directory, just next to it. */
4719 r
= path_is_mount_point(arg_directory
, NULL
, 0);
4721 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine whether directory %s is mount point: %m", arg_directory
);
4725 r
= tempfn_random_child(arg_directory
, "machine.", &np
);
4727 r
= tempfn_random(arg_directory
, "machine.", &np
);
4729 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate name for directory snapshot: %m");
4733 r
= image_path_lock(np
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
4735 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to lock %s: %m", np
);
4739 r
= btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_directory
, np
,
4740 (arg_read_only
? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY
: 0) |
4741 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY
|
4742 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY
|
4743 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE
|
4744 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA
);
4746 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create snapshot %s from %s: %m", np
, arg_directory
);
4750 free_and_replace(arg_directory
, np
);
4752 remove_directory
= true;
4755 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_directory
, arg_template
? CHASE_NONEXISTENT
: 0);
4759 r
= image_path_lock(arg_directory
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
4761 log_error_errno(r
, "Directory tree %s is currently busy.", arg_directory
);
4765 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to lock %s: %m", arg_directory
);
4770 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_template
, 0);
4774 r
= btrfs_subvol_snapshot(arg_template
, arg_directory
,
4775 (arg_read_only
? BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_READ_ONLY
: 0) |
4776 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_COPY
|
4777 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_DIRECTORY
|
4778 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_FALLBACK_IMMUTABLE
|
4779 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_RECURSIVE
|
4780 BTRFS_SNAPSHOT_QUOTA
);
4782 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
,
4783 "Directory %s already exists, not populating from template %s.", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
4785 log_error_errno(r
, "Couldn't create snapshot %s from %s: %m", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
4788 log_full(arg_quiet
? LOG_DEBUG
: LOG_INFO
,
4789 "Populated %s from template %s.", arg_directory
, arg_template
);
4793 if (arg_start_mode
== START_BOOT
) {
4796 if (arg_pivot_root_new
)
4797 p
= prefix_roota(arg_directory
, arg_pivot_root_new
);
4801 if (path_is_os_tree(p
) <= 0) {
4802 log_error("Directory %s doesn't look like an OS root directory (os-release file is missing). Refusing.", p
);
4809 if (arg_pivot_root_new
)
4810 p
= prefix_roota(arg_directory
, arg_pivot_root_new
);
4814 q
= strjoina(p
, "/usr/");
4816 if (laccess(q
, F_OK
) < 0) {
4817 log_error("Directory %s doesn't look like it has an OS tree. Refusing.", p
);
4825 assert(!arg_template
);
4827 r
= chase_symlinks_and_update(&arg_image
, 0);
4831 if (arg_ephemeral
) {
4832 _cleanup_free_
char *np
= NULL
;
4834 r
= tempfn_random(arg_image
, "machine.", &np
);
4836 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to generate name for image snapshot: %m");
4840 r
= image_path_lock(np
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
4842 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create image lock: %m");
4846 r
= copy_file(arg_image
, np
, O_EXCL
, arg_read_only
? 0400 : 0600, FS_NOCOW_FL
, FS_NOCOW_FL
, COPY_REFLINK
|COPY_CRTIME
);
4848 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to copy image file: %m");
4852 free_and_replace(arg_image
, np
);
4854 remove_image
= true;
4856 r
= image_path_lock(arg_image
, (arg_read_only
? LOCK_SH
: LOCK_EX
) | LOCK_NB
, &tree_global_lock
, &tree_local_lock
);
4858 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Disk image %s is currently busy.", arg_image
);
4862 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to create image lock: %m");
4866 if (!arg_root_hash
) {
4867 r
= root_hash_load(arg_image
, &arg_root_hash
, &arg_root_hash_size
);
4869 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to load root hash file for %s: %m", arg_image
);
4875 if (!mkdtemp(tmprootdir
)) {
4876 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to create temporary directory: %m");
4880 remove_tmprootdir
= true;
4882 arg_directory
= strdup(tmprootdir
);
4883 if (!arg_directory
) {
4888 r
= loop_device_make_by_path(arg_image
, arg_read_only
? O_RDONLY
: O_RDWR
, &loop
);
4890 log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to set up loopback block device: %m");
4894 r
= dissect_image_and_warn(
4897 arg_root_hash
, arg_root_hash_size
,
4898 DISSECT_IMAGE_REQUIRE_ROOT
,
4901 /* dissected_image_and_warn() already printed a brief error message. Extend on that with more details */
4902 log_notice("Note that the disk image needs to\n"
4903 " a) either contain only a single MBR partition of type 0x83 that is marked bootable\n"
4904 " b) or contain a single GPT partition of type 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4\n"
4905 " c) or follow http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/DiscoverablePartitionsSpec/\n"
4906 " d) or contain a file system without a partition table\n"
4907 "in order to be bootable with systemd-nspawn.");
4913 if (!arg_root_hash
&& dissected_image
->can_verity
)
4914 log_notice("Note: image %s contains verity information, but no root hash specified! Proceeding without integrity checking.", arg_image
);
4916 r
= dissected_image_decrypt_interactively(dissected_image
, NULL
, arg_root_hash
, arg_root_hash_size
, 0, &decrypted_image
);
4920 /* Now that we mounted the image, let's try to remove it again, if it is ephemeral */
4921 if (remove_image
&& unlink(arg_image
) >= 0)
4922 remove_image
= false;
4925 r
= custom_mount_prepare_all(arg_directory
, arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
4929 if (arg_console_mode
< 0)
4931 isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) > 0 &&
4932 isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
) > 0 ? CONSOLE_INTERACTIVE
: CONSOLE_READ_ONLY
;
4934 if (arg_console_mode
== CONSOLE_PIPE
) /* if we pass STDERR on to the container, don't add our own logs into it too */
4937 if (arg_console_mode
!= CONSOLE_PIPE
) {
4938 master
= posix_openpt(O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NONBLOCK
);
4940 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to acquire pseudo tty: %m");
4944 r
= ptsname_malloc(master
, &console
);
4946 r
= log_error_errno(r
, "Failed to determine tty name: %m");
4950 if (arg_selinux_apifs_context
) {
4951 r
= mac_selinux_apply(console
, arg_selinux_apifs_context
);
4956 if (unlockpt(master
) < 0) {
4957 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to unlock tty: %m");
4963 log_info("Spawning container %s on %s.\nPress ^] three times within 1s to kill container.",
4964 arg_machine
, arg_image
?: arg_directory
);
4966 assert_se(sigprocmask_many(SIG_BLOCK
, NULL
, SIGCHLD
, SIGWINCH
, SIGTERM
, SIGINT
, -1) >= 0);
4968 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0) {
4969 r
= log_error_errno(errno
, "Failed to become subreaper: %m");
4974 r
= run_container(master
,
4979 veth_name
, &veth_created
,
4987 (void) sd_notify(false,
4988 r
== 0 && ret
== EXIT_FORCE_RESTART
? "STOPPING=1\nSTATUS=Restarting..." :
4989 "STOPPING=1\nSTATUS=Terminating...");
4992 (void) kill(pid
, SIGKILL
);
4994 /* Try to flush whatever is still queued in the pty */
4996 (void) copy_bytes(master
, STDOUT_FILENO
, (uint64_t) -1, 0);
4997 master
= safe_close(master
);
5001 (void) wait_for_terminate(pid
, NULL
);
5005 if (remove_directory
&& arg_directory
) {
5008 k
= rm_rf(arg_directory
, REMOVE_ROOT
|REMOVE_PHYSICAL
|REMOVE_SUBVOLUME
);
5010 log_warning_errno(k
, "Cannot remove '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_directory
);
5013 if (remove_image
&& arg_image
) {
5014 if (unlink(arg_image
) < 0)
5015 log_warning_errno(errno
, "Can't remove image file '%s', ignoring: %m", arg_image
);
5018 if (remove_tmprootdir
) {
5019 if (rmdir(tmprootdir
) < 0)
5020 log_debug_errno(errno
, "Can't remove temporary root directory '%s', ignoring: %m", tmprootdir
);
5026 p
= strjoina("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate/", arg_machine
);
5027 (void) rm_rf(p
, REMOVE_ROOT
);
5030 expose_port_flush(arg_expose_ports
, &exposed
);
5033 (void) remove_veth_links(veth_name
, arg_network_veth_extra
);
5034 (void) remove_bridge(arg_network_zone
);
5036 custom_mount_free_all(arg_custom_mounts
, arg_n_custom_mounts
);
5037 expose_port_free_all(arg_expose_ports
);
5038 rlimit_free_all(arg_rlimit
);
5039 device_node_array_free(arg_extra_nodes
, arg_n_extra_nodes
);
5047 DEFINE_MAIN_FUNCTION_WITH_POSITIVE_FAILURE(run
);