src/sysusers/sysusers.c

   1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
   2 /***
   3   This file is part of systemd.
   4
   5   Copyright 2014 Lennart Poettering
   6 ***/
   7
   8 #include <getopt.h>
   9 #include <utmp.h>
  10
  11 #include "alloc-util.h"
  12 #include "conf-files.h"
  13 #include "copy.h"
  14 #include "def.h"
  15 #include "fd-util.h"
  16 #include "fileio-label.h"
  17 #include "format-util.h"
  18 #include "fs-util.h"
  19 #include "hashmap.h"
  20 #include "pager.h"
  21 #include "path-util.h"
  22 #include "selinux-util.h"
  23 #include "smack-util.h"
  24 #include "specifier.h"
  25 #include "string-util.h"
  26 #include "strv.h"
  27 #include "terminal-util.h"
  28 #include "uid-range.h"
  29 #include "user-util.h"
  30 #include "utf8.h"
  31 #include "util.h"
  32
  33 typedef enum ItemType {
  34         ADD_USER = 'u',
  35         ADD_GROUP = 'g',
  36         ADD_MEMBER = 'm',
  37         ADD_RANGE = 'r',
  38 } ItemType;
  39
  40 typedef struct Item {
  41         ItemType type;
  42
  43         char *name;
  44         char *uid_path;
  45         char *gid_path;
  46         char *description;
  47         char *home;
  48         char *shell;
  49
  50         gid_t gid;
  51         uid_t uid;
  52
  53         bool gid_set:1;
  54
  55         /* When set the group with the specified gid must exist
  56          * and the check if a uid clashes with the gid is skipped.
  57          */
  58         bool id_set_strict:1;
  59
  60         bool uid_set:1;
  61
  62         bool todo_user:1;
  63         bool todo_group:1;
  64 } Item;
  65
  66 static char *arg_root = NULL;
  67 static bool arg_cat_config = false;
  68 static const char *arg_replace = NULL;
  69 static bool arg_inline = false;
  70 static bool arg_no_pager = false;
  71
  72 static OrderedHashmap *users = NULL, *groups = NULL;
  73 static OrderedHashmap *todo_uids = NULL, *todo_gids = NULL;
  74 static OrderedHashmap *members = NULL;
  75
  76 static Hashmap *database_uid = NULL, *database_user = NULL;
  77 static Hashmap *database_gid = NULL, *database_group = NULL;
  78
  79 static uid_t search_uid = UID_INVALID;
  80 static UidRange *uid_range = NULL;
  81 static unsigned n_uid_range = 0;
  82
  83 static int load_user_database(void) {
  84         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
  85         const char *passwd_path;
  86         struct passwd *pw;
  87         int r;
  88
  89         passwd_path = prefix_roota(arg_root, "/etc/passwd");
  90         f = fopen(passwd_path, "re");
  91         if (!f)
  92                 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
  93
  94         r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&database_user, &string_hash_ops);
  95         if (r < 0)
  96                 return r;
  97
  98         r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&database_uid, NULL);
  99         if (r < 0)
 100                 return r;
 101
 102         while ((r = fgetpwent_sane(f, &pw)) > 0) {
 103                 char *n;
 104                 int k, q;
 105
 106                 n = strdup(pw->pw_name);
 107                 if (!n)
 108                         return -ENOMEM;
 109
 110                 k = hashmap_put(database_user, n, UID_TO_PTR(pw->pw_uid));
 111                 if (k < 0 && k != -EEXIST) {
 112                         free(n);
 113                         return k;
 114                 }
 115
 116                 q = hashmap_put(database_uid, UID_TO_PTR(pw->pw_uid), n);
 117                 if (q < 0 && q != -EEXIST) {
 118                         if (k <= 0)
 119                                 free(n);
 120                         return q;
 121                 }
 122
 123                 if (k <= 0 && q <= 0)
 124                         free(n);
 125         }
 126         return r;
 127 }
 128
 129 static int load_group_database(void) {
 130         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 131         const char *group_path;
 132         struct group *gr;
 133         int r;
 134
 135         group_path = prefix_roota(arg_root, "/etc/group");
 136         f = fopen(group_path, "re");
 137         if (!f)
 138                 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
 139
 140         r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&database_group, &string_hash_ops);
 141         if (r < 0)
 142                 return r;
 143
 144         r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&database_gid, NULL);
 145         if (r < 0)
 146                 return r;
 147
 148         errno = 0;
 149         while ((gr = fgetgrent(f))) {
 150                 char *n;
 151                 int k, q;
 152
 153                 n = strdup(gr->gr_name);
 154                 if (!n)
 155                         return -ENOMEM;
 156
 157                 k = hashmap_put(database_group, n, GID_TO_PTR(gr->gr_gid));
 158                 if (k < 0 && k != -EEXIST) {
 159                         free(n);
 160                         return k;
 161                 }
 162
 163                 q = hashmap_put(database_gid, GID_TO_PTR(gr->gr_gid), n);
 164                 if (q < 0 && q != -EEXIST) {
 165                         if (k <= 0)
 166                                 free(n);
 167                         return q;
 168                 }
 169
 170                 if (k <= 0 && q <= 0)
 171                         free(n);
 172
 173                 errno = 0;
 174         }
 175         if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 176                 return -errno;
 177
 178         return 0;
 179 }
 180
 181 static int make_backup(const char *target, const char *x) {
 182         _cleanup_close_ int src = -1;
 183         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *dst = NULL;
 184         _cleanup_free_ char *temp = NULL;
 185         char *backup;
 186         struct timespec ts[2];
 187         struct stat st;
 188         int r;
 189
 190         src = open(x, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
 191         if (src < 0) {
 192                 if (errno == ENOENT) /* No backup necessary... */
 193                         return 0;
 194
 195                 return -errno;
 196         }
 197
 198         if (fstat(src, &st) < 0)
 199                 return -errno;
 200
 201         r = fopen_temporary_label(target, x, &dst, &temp);
 202         if (r < 0)
 203                 return r;
 204
 205         r = copy_bytes(src, fileno(dst), (uint64_t) -1, COPY_REFLINK);
 206         if (r < 0)
 207                 goto fail;
 208
 209         /* Don't fail on chmod() or chown(). If it stays owned by us
 210          * and/or unreadable by others, then it isn't too bad... */
 211
 212         backup = strjoina(x, "-");
 213
 214         /* Copy over the access mask */
 215         r = fchmod_and_chown(fileno(dst), st.st_mode & 07777, st.st_uid, st.st_gid);
 216         if (r < 0)
 217                 log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to change access mode or ownership of %s: %m", backup);
 218
 219         ts[0] = st.st_atim;
 220         ts[1] = st.st_mtim;
 221         if (futimens(fileno(dst), ts) < 0)
 222                 log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to fix access and modification time of %s: %m", backup);
 223
 224         r = fflush_sync_and_check(dst);
 225         if (r < 0)
 226                 goto fail;
 227
 228         if (rename(temp, backup) < 0) {
 229                 r = -errno;
 230                 goto fail;
 231         }
 232
 233         return 0;
 234
 235 fail:
 236         unlink(temp);
 237         return r;
 238 }
 239
 240 static int putgrent_with_members(const struct group *gr, FILE *group) {
 241         char **a;
 242
 243         assert(gr);
 244         assert(group);
 245
 246         a = ordered_hashmap_get(members, gr->gr_name);
 247         if (a) {
 248                 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
 249                 bool added = false;
 250                 char **i;
 251
 252                 l = strv_copy(gr->gr_mem);
 253                 if (!l)
 254                         return -ENOMEM;
 255
 256                 STRV_FOREACH(i, a) {
 257                         if (strv_find(l, *i))
 258                                 continue;
 259
 260                         if (strv_extend(&l, *i) < 0)
 261                                 return -ENOMEM;
 262
 263                         added = true;
 264                 }
 265
 266                 if (added) {
 267                         struct group t;
 268                         int r;
 269
 270                         strv_uniq(l);
 271                         strv_sort(l);
 272
 273                         t = *gr;
 274                         t.gr_mem = l;
 275
 276                         r = putgrent_sane(&t, group);
 277                         return r < 0 ? r : 1;
 278                 }
 279         }
 280
 281         return putgrent_sane(gr, group);
 282 }
 283
 284 #if ENABLE_GSHADOW
 285 static int putsgent_with_members(const struct sgrp *sg, FILE *gshadow) {
 286         char **a;
 287
 288         assert(sg);
 289         assert(gshadow);
 290
 291         a = ordered_hashmap_get(members, sg->sg_namp);
 292         if (a) {
 293                 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
 294                 bool added = false;
 295                 char **i;
 296
 297                 l = strv_copy(sg->sg_mem);
 298                 if (!l)
 299                         return -ENOMEM;
 300
 301                 STRV_FOREACH(i, a) {
 302                         if (strv_find(l, *i))
 303                                 continue;
 304
 305                         if (strv_extend(&l, *i) < 0)
 306                                 return -ENOMEM;
 307
 308                         added = true;
 309                 }
 310
 311                 if (added) {
 312                         struct sgrp t;
 313                         int r;
 314
 315                         strv_uniq(l);
 316                         strv_sort(l);
 317
 318                         t = *sg;
 319                         t.sg_mem = l;
 320
 321                         r = putsgent_sane(&t, gshadow);
 322                         return r < 0 ? r : 1;
 323                 }
 324         }
 325
 326         return putsgent_sane(sg, gshadow);
 327 }
 328 #endif
 329
 330 static int sync_rights(FILE *from, FILE *to) {
 331         struct stat st;
 332
 333         if (fstat(fileno(from), &st) < 0)
 334                 return -errno;
 335
 336         return fchmod_and_chown(fileno(to), st.st_mode & 07777, st.st_uid, st.st_gid);
 337 }
 338
 339 static int rename_and_apply_smack(const char *temp_path, const char *dest_path) {
 340         int r = 0;
 341         if (rename(temp_path, dest_path) < 0)
 342                 return -errno;
 343
 344 #ifdef SMACK_RUN_LABEL
 345         r = mac_smack_apply(dest_path, SMACK_ATTR_ACCESS, SMACK_FLOOR_LABEL);
 346         if (r < 0)
 347                 return r;
 348 #endif
 349         return r;
 350 }
 351
 352 static const char* default_shell(uid_t uid) {
 353         return uid == 0 ? "/bin/sh" : "/sbin/nologin";
 354 }
 355
 356 static int write_temporary_passwd(const char *passwd_path, FILE **tmpfile, char **tmpfile_path) {
 357         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *original = NULL, *passwd = NULL;
 358         _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *passwd_tmp = NULL;
 359         struct passwd *pw = NULL;
 360         Iterator iterator;
 361         Item *i;
 362         int r;
 363
 364         if (ordered_hashmap_size(todo_uids) == 0)
 365                 return 0;
 366
 367         r = fopen_temporary_label("/etc/passwd", passwd_path, &passwd, &passwd_tmp);
 368         if (r < 0)
 369                 return r;
 370
 371         original = fopen(passwd_path, "re");
 372         if (original) {
 373
 374                 r = sync_rights(original, passwd);
 375                 if (r < 0)
 376                         return r;
 377
 378                 while ((r = fgetpwent_sane(original, &pw)) > 0) {
 379
 380                         i = ordered_hashmap_get(users, pw->pw_name);
 381                         if (i && i->todo_user) {
 382                                 log_error("%s: User \"%s\" already exists.", passwd_path, pw->pw_name);
 383                                 return -EEXIST;
 384                         }
 385
 386                         if (ordered_hashmap_contains(todo_uids, UID_TO_PTR(pw->pw_uid))) {
 387                                 log_error("%s: Detected collision for UID " UID_FMT ".", passwd_path, pw->pw_uid);
 388                                 return -EEXIST;
 389                         }
 390
 391                         /* Make sure we keep the NIS entries (if any) at the end. */
 392                         if (IN_SET(pw->pw_name[0], '+', '-'))
 393                                 break;
 394
 395                         r = putpwent_sane(pw, passwd);
 396                         if (r < 0)
 397                                 return r;
 398                 }
 399                 if (r < 0)
 400                         return r;
 401
 402         } else {
 403                 if (errno != ENOENT)
 404                         return -errno;
 405                 if (fchmod(fileno(passwd), 0644) < 0)
 406                         return -errno;
 407         }
 408
 409         ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(i, todo_uids, iterator) {
 410                 struct passwd n = {
 411                         .pw_name = i->name,
 412                         .pw_uid = i->uid,
 413                         .pw_gid = i->gid,
 414                         .pw_gecos = i->description,
 415
 416                         /* "x" means the password is stored in the shadow file */
 417                         .pw_passwd = (char*) "x",
 418
 419                         /* We default to the root directory as home */
 420                         .pw_dir = i->home ? i->home : (char*) "/",
 421
 422                         /* Initialize the shell to nologin, with one exception:
 423                          * for root we patch in something special */
 424                         .pw_shell = i->shell ?: (char*) default_shell(i->uid),
 425                 };
 426
 427                 r = putpwent_sane(&n, passwd);
 428                 if (r < 0)
 429                         return r;
 430         }
 431
 432         /* Append the remaining NIS entries if any */
 433         while (pw) {
 434                 r = putpwent_sane(pw, passwd);
 435                 if (r < 0)
 436                         return r;
 437
 438                 r = fgetpwent_sane(original, &pw);
 439                 if (r < 0)
 440                         return r;
 441                 if (r == 0)
 442                         break;
 443         }
 444
 445         r = fflush_and_check(passwd);
 446         if (r < 0)
 447                 return r;
 448
 449         *tmpfile = TAKE_PTR(passwd);
 450         *tmpfile_path = TAKE_PTR(passwd_tmp);
 451
 452         return 0;
 453 }
 454
 455 static int write_temporary_shadow(const char *shadow_path, FILE **tmpfile, char **tmpfile_path) {
 456         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *original = NULL, *shadow = NULL;
 457         _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *shadow_tmp = NULL;
 458         struct spwd *sp = NULL;
 459         Iterator iterator;
 460         long lstchg;
 461         Item *i;
 462         int r;
 463
 464         if (ordered_hashmap_size(todo_uids) == 0)
 465                 return 0;
 466
 467         r = fopen_temporary_label("/etc/shadow", shadow_path, &shadow, &shadow_tmp);
 468         if (r < 0)
 469                 return r;
 470
 471         lstchg = (long) (now(CLOCK_REALTIME) / USEC_PER_DAY);
 472
 473         original = fopen(shadow_path, "re");
 474         if (original) {
 475
 476                 r = sync_rights(original, shadow);
 477                 if (r < 0)
 478                         return r;
 479
 480                 while ((r = fgetspent_sane(original, &sp)) > 0) {
 481
 482                         i = ordered_hashmap_get(users, sp->sp_namp);
 483                         if (i && i->todo_user) {
 484                                 /* we will update the existing entry */
 485                                 sp->sp_lstchg = lstchg;
 486
 487                                 /* only the /etc/shadow stage is left, so we can
 488                                  * safely remove the item from the todo set */
 489                                 i->todo_user = false;
 490                                 ordered_hashmap_remove(todo_uids, UID_TO_PTR(i->uid));
 491                         }
 492
 493                         /* Make sure we keep the NIS entries (if any) at the end. */
 494                         if (IN_SET(sp->sp_namp[0], '+', '-'))
 495                                 break;
 496
 497                         r = putspent_sane(sp, shadow);
 498                         if (r < 0)
 499                                 return r;
 500                 }
 501                 if (r < 0)
 502                         return r;
 503
 504         } else {
 505                 if (errno != ENOENT)
 506                         return -errno;
 507                 if (fchmod(fileno(shadow), 0000) < 0)
 508                         return -errno;
 509         }
 510
 511         ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(i, todo_uids, iterator) {
 512                 struct spwd n = {
 513                         .sp_namp = i->name,
 514                         .sp_pwdp = (char*) "!!",
 515                         .sp_lstchg = lstchg,
 516                         .sp_min = -1,
 517                         .sp_max = -1,
 518                         .sp_warn = -1,
 519                         .sp_inact = -1,
 520                         .sp_expire = -1,
 521                         .sp_flag = (unsigned long) -1, /* this appears to be what everybody does ... */
 522                 };
 523
 524                 r = putspent_sane(&n, shadow);
 525                 if (r < 0)
 526                         return r;
 527         }
 528
 529         /* Append the remaining NIS entries if any */
 530         while (sp) {
 531                 r = putspent_sane(sp, shadow);
 532                 if (r < 0)
 533                         return r;
 534
 535                 r = fgetspent_sane(original, &sp);
 536                 if (r < 0)
 537                         return r;
 538                 if (r == 0)
 539                         break;
 540         }
 541         if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 542                 return -errno;
 543
 544         r = fflush_sync_and_check(shadow);
 545         if (r < 0)
 546                 return r;
 547
 548         *tmpfile = TAKE_PTR(shadow);
 549         *tmpfile_path = TAKE_PTR(shadow_tmp);
 550
 551         return 0;
 552 }
 553
 554 static int write_temporary_group(const char *group_path, FILE **tmpfile, char **tmpfile_path) {
 555         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *original = NULL, *group = NULL;
 556         _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *group_tmp = NULL;
 557         bool group_changed = false;
 558         struct group *gr = NULL;
 559         Iterator iterator;
 560         Item *i;
 561         int r;
 562
 563         if (ordered_hashmap_size(todo_gids) == 0 && ordered_hashmap_size(members) == 0)
 564                 return 0;
 565
 566         r = fopen_temporary_label("/etc/group", group_path, &group, &group_tmp);
 567         if (r < 0)
 568                 return r;
 569
 570         original = fopen(group_path, "re");
 571         if (original) {
 572
 573                 r = sync_rights(original, group);
 574                 if (r < 0)
 575                         return r;
 576
 577                 while ((r = fgetgrent_sane(original, &gr)) > 0) {
 578                         /* Safety checks against name and GID collisions. Normally,
 579                          * this should be unnecessary, but given that we look at the
 580                          * entries anyway here, let's make an extra verification
 581                          * step that we don't generate duplicate entries. */
 582
 583                         i = ordered_hashmap_get(groups, gr->gr_name);
 584                         if (i && i->todo_group) {
 585                                 log_error("%s: Group \"%s\" already exists.", group_path, gr->gr_name);
 586                                 return -EEXIST;
 587                         }
 588
 589                         if (ordered_hashmap_contains(todo_gids, GID_TO_PTR(gr->gr_gid))) {
 590                                 log_error("%s: Detected collision for GID " GID_FMT ".", group_path, gr->gr_gid);
 591                                 return  -EEXIST;
 592                         }
 593
 594                         /* Make sure we keep the NIS entries (if any) at the end. */
 595                         if (IN_SET(gr->gr_name[0], '+', '-'))
 596                                 break;
 597
 598                         r = putgrent_with_members(gr, group);
 599                         if (r < 0)
 600                                 return r;
 601                         if (r > 0)
 602                                 group_changed = true;
 603                 }
 604                 if (r < 0)
 605                         return r;
 606
 607         } else {
 608                 if (errno != ENOENT)
 609                         return -errno;
 610                 if (fchmod(fileno(group), 0644) < 0)
 611                         return -errno;
 612         }
 613
 614         ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(i, todo_gids, iterator) {
 615                 struct group n = {
 616                         .gr_name = i->name,
 617                         .gr_gid = i->gid,
 618                         .gr_passwd = (char*) "x",
 619                 };
 620
 621                 r = putgrent_with_members(&n, group);
 622                 if (r < 0)
 623                         return r;
 624
 625                 group_changed = true;
 626         }
 627
 628         /* Append the remaining NIS entries if any */
 629         while (gr) {
 630                 r = putgrent_sane(gr, group);
 631                 if (r < 0)
 632                         return r;
 633
 634                 r = fgetgrent_sane(original, &gr);
 635                 if (r < 0)
 636                         return r;
 637                 if (r == 0)
 638                         break;
 639         }
 640
 641         r = fflush_sync_and_check(group);
 642         if (r < 0)
 643                 return r;
 644
 645         if (group_changed) {
 646                 *tmpfile = TAKE_PTR(group);
 647                 *tmpfile_path = TAKE_PTR(group_tmp);
 648         }
 649         return 0;
 650 }
 651
 652 static int write_temporary_gshadow(const char * gshadow_path, FILE **tmpfile, char **tmpfile_path) {
 653 #if ENABLE_GSHADOW
 654         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *original = NULL, *gshadow = NULL;
 655         _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *gshadow_tmp = NULL;
 656         bool group_changed = false;
 657         Iterator iterator;
 658         Item *i;
 659         int r;
 660
 661         if (ordered_hashmap_size(todo_gids) == 0 && ordered_hashmap_size(members) == 0)
 662                 return 0;
 663
 664         r = fopen_temporary_label("/etc/gshadow", gshadow_path, &gshadow, &gshadow_tmp);
 665         if (r < 0)
 666                 return r;
 667
 668         original = fopen(gshadow_path, "re");
 669         if (original) {
 670                 struct sgrp *sg;
 671
 672                 r = sync_rights(original, gshadow);
 673                 if (r < 0)
 674                         return r;
 675
 676                 while ((r = fgetsgent_sane(original, &sg)) > 0) {
 677
 678                         i = ordered_hashmap_get(groups, sg->sg_namp);
 679                         if (i && i->todo_group) {
 680                                 log_error("%s: Group \"%s\" already exists.", gshadow_path, sg->sg_namp);
 681                                 return -EEXIST;
 682                         }
 683
 684                         r = putsgent_with_members(sg, gshadow);
 685                         if (r < 0)
 686                                 return r;
 687                         if (r > 0)
 688                                 group_changed = true;
 689                 }
 690                 if (r < 0)
 691                         return r;
 692
 693         } else {
 694                 if (errno != ENOENT)
 695                         return -errno;
 696                 if (fchmod(fileno(gshadow), 0000) < 0)
 697                         return -errno;
 698         }
 699
 700         ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(i, todo_gids, iterator) {
 701                 struct sgrp n = {
 702                         .sg_namp = i->name,
 703                         .sg_passwd = (char*) "!!",
 704                 };
 705
 706                 r = putsgent_with_members(&n, gshadow);
 707                 if (r < 0)
 708                         return r;
 709
 710                 group_changed = true;
 711         }
 712
 713         r = fflush_sync_and_check(gshadow);
 714         if (r < 0)
 715                 return r;
 716
 717         if (group_changed) {
 718                 *tmpfile = TAKE_PTR(gshadow);
 719                 *tmpfile_path = TAKE_PTR(gshadow_tmp);
 720         }
 721         return 0;
 722 #else
 723         return 0;
 724 #endif
 725 }
 726
 727 static int write_files(void) {
 728         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *passwd = NULL, *group = NULL, *shadow = NULL, *gshadow = NULL;
 729         _cleanup_(unlink_and_freep) char *passwd_tmp = NULL, *group_tmp = NULL, *shadow_tmp = NULL, *gshadow_tmp = NULL;
 730         const char *passwd_path = NULL, *group_path = NULL, *shadow_path = NULL, *gshadow_path = NULL;
 731         int r;
 732
 733         passwd_path = prefix_roota(arg_root, "/etc/passwd");
 734         shadow_path = prefix_roota(arg_root, "/etc/shadow");
 735         group_path = prefix_roota(arg_root, "/etc/group");
 736         gshadow_path = prefix_roota(arg_root, "/etc/gshadow");
 737
 738         r = write_temporary_group(group_path, &group, &group_tmp);
 739         if (r < 0)
 740                 return r;
 741
 742         r = write_temporary_gshadow(gshadow_path, &gshadow, &gshadow_tmp);
 743         if (r < 0)
 744                 return r;
 745
 746         r = write_temporary_passwd(passwd_path, &passwd, &passwd_tmp);
 747         if (r < 0)
 748                 return r;
 749
 750         r = write_temporary_shadow(shadow_path, &shadow, &shadow_tmp);
 751         if (r < 0)
 752                 return r;
 753
 754         /* Make a backup of the old files */
 755         if (group) {
 756                 r = make_backup("/etc/group", group_path);
 757                 if (r < 0)
 758                         return r;
 759         }
 760         if (gshadow) {
 761                 r = make_backup("/etc/gshadow", gshadow_path);
 762                 if (r < 0)
 763                         return r;
 764         }
 765
 766         if (passwd) {
 767                 r = make_backup("/etc/passwd", passwd_path);
 768                 if (r < 0)
 769                         return r;
 770         }
 771         if (shadow) {
 772                 r = make_backup("/etc/shadow", shadow_path);
 773                 if (r < 0)
 774                         return r;
 775         }
 776
 777         /* And make the new files count */
 778         if (group) {
 779                 r = rename_and_apply_smack(group_tmp, group_path);
 780                 if (r < 0)
 781                         return r;
 782
 783                 group_tmp = mfree(group_tmp);
 784         }
 785         if (gshadow) {
 786                 r = rename_and_apply_smack(gshadow_tmp, gshadow_path);
 787                 if (r < 0)
 788                         return r;
 789
 790                 gshadow_tmp = mfree(gshadow_tmp);
 791         }
 792
 793         if (passwd) {
 794                 r = rename_and_apply_smack(passwd_tmp, passwd_path);
 795                 if (r < 0)
 796                         return r;
 797
 798                 passwd_tmp = mfree(passwd_tmp);
 799         }
 800         if (shadow) {
 801                 r = rename_and_apply_smack(shadow_tmp, shadow_path);
 802                 if (r < 0)
 803                         return r;
 804
 805                 shadow_tmp = mfree(shadow_tmp);
 806         }
 807
 808         return 0;
 809 }
 810
 811 static int uid_is_ok(uid_t uid, const char *name, bool check_with_gid) {
 812         struct passwd *p;
 813         struct group *g;
 814         const char *n;
 815         Item *i;
 816
 817         /* Let's see if we already have assigned the UID a second time */
 818         if (ordered_hashmap_get(todo_uids, UID_TO_PTR(uid)))
 819                 return 0;
 820
 821         /* Try to avoid using uids that are already used by a group
 822          * that doesn't have the same name as our new user. */
 823         if (check_with_gid) {
 824                 i = ordered_hashmap_get(todo_gids, GID_TO_PTR(uid));
 825                 if (i && !streq(i->name, name))
 826                         return 0;
 827         }
 828
 829         /* Let's check the files directly */
 830         if (hashmap_contains(database_uid, UID_TO_PTR(uid)))
 831                 return 0;
 832
 833         if (check_with_gid) {
 834                 n = hashmap_get(database_gid, GID_TO_PTR(uid));
 835                 if (n && !streq(n, name))
 836                         return 0;
 837         }
 838
 839         /* Let's also check via NSS, to avoid UID clashes over LDAP and such, just in case */
 840         if (!arg_root) {
 841                 errno = 0;
 842                 p = getpwuid(uid);
 843                 if (p)
 844                         return 0;
 845                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 846                         return -errno;
 847
 848                 if (check_with_gid) {
 849                         errno = 0;
 850                         g = getgrgid((gid_t) uid);
 851                         if (g) {
 852                                 if (!streq(g->gr_name, name))
 853                                         return 0;
 854                         } else if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 855                                 return -errno;
 856                 }
 857         }
 858
 859         return 1;
 860 }
 861
 862 static int root_stat(const char *p, struct stat *st) {
 863         const char *fix;
 864
 865         fix = prefix_roota(arg_root, p);
 866         if (stat(fix, st) < 0)
 867                 return -errno;
 868
 869         return 0;
 870 }
 871
 872 static int read_id_from_file(Item *i, uid_t *_uid, gid_t *_gid) {
 873         struct stat st;
 874         bool found_uid = false, found_gid = false;
 875         uid_t uid = 0;
 876         gid_t gid = 0;
 877
 878         assert(i);
 879
 880         /* First, try to get the gid directly */
 881         if (_gid && i->gid_path && root_stat(i->gid_path, &st) >= 0) {
 882                 gid = st.st_gid;
 883                 found_gid = true;
 884         }
 885
 886         /* Then, try to get the uid directly */
 887         if ((_uid || (_gid && !found_gid))
 888             && i->uid_path
 889             && root_stat(i->uid_path, &st) >= 0) {
 890
 891                 uid = st.st_uid;
 892                 found_uid = true;
 893
 894                 /* If we need the gid, but had no success yet, also derive it from the uid path */
 895                 if (_gid && !found_gid) {
 896                         gid = st.st_gid;
 897                         found_gid = true;
 898                 }
 899         }
 900
 901         /* If that didn't work yet, then let's reuse the gid as uid */
 902         if (_uid && !found_uid && i->gid_path) {
 903
 904                 if (found_gid) {
 905                         uid = (uid_t) gid;
 906                         found_uid = true;
 907                 } else if (root_stat(i->gid_path, &st) >= 0) {
 908                         uid = (uid_t) st.st_gid;
 909                         found_uid = true;
 910                 }
 911         }
 912
 913         if (_uid) {
 914                 if (!found_uid)
 915                         return 0;
 916
 917                 *_uid = uid;
 918         }
 919
 920         if (_gid) {
 921                 if (!found_gid)
 922                         return 0;
 923
 924                 *_gid = gid;
 925         }
 926
 927         return 1;
 928 }
 929
 930 static int add_user(Item *i) {
 931         void *z;
 932         int r;
 933
 934         assert(i);
 935
 936         /* Check the database directly */
 937         z = hashmap_get(database_user, i->name);
 938         if (z) {
 939                 log_debug("User %s already exists.", i->name);
 940                 i->uid = PTR_TO_UID(z);
 941                 i->uid_set = true;
 942                 return 0;
 943         }
 944
 945         if (!arg_root) {
 946                 struct passwd *p;
 947
 948                 /* Also check NSS */
 949                 errno = 0;
 950                 p = getpwnam(i->name);
 951                 if (p) {
 952                         log_debug("User %s already exists.", i->name);
 953                         i->uid = p->pw_uid;
 954                         i->uid_set = true;
 955
 956                         r = free_and_strdup(&i->description, p->pw_gecos);
 957                         if (r < 0)
 958                                 return log_oom();
 959
 960                         return 0;
 961                 }
 962                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
 963                         return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to check if user %s already exists: %m", i->name);
 964         }
 965
 966         /* Try to use the suggested numeric uid */
 967         if (i->uid_set) {
 968                 r = uid_is_ok(i->uid, i->name, !i->id_set_strict);
 969                 if (r < 0)
 970                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify uid " UID_FMT ": %m", i->uid);
 971                 if (r == 0) {
 972                         log_debug("Suggested user ID " UID_FMT " for %s already used.", i->uid, i->name);
 973                         i->uid_set = false;
 974                 }
 975         }
 976
 977         /* If that didn't work, try to read it from the specified path */
 978         if (!i->uid_set) {
 979                 uid_t c;
 980
 981                 if (read_id_from_file(i, &c, NULL) > 0) {
 982
 983                         if (c <= 0 || !uid_range_contains(uid_range, n_uid_range, c))
 984                                 log_debug("User ID " UID_FMT " of file not suitable for %s.", c, i->name);
 985                         else {
 986                                 r = uid_is_ok(c, i->name, true);
 987                                 if (r < 0)
 988                                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify uid " UID_FMT ": %m", i->uid);
 989                                 else if (r > 0) {
 990                                         i->uid = c;
 991                                         i->uid_set = true;
 992                                 } else
 993                                         log_debug("User ID " UID_FMT " of file for %s is already used.", c, i->name);
 994                         }
 995                 }
 996         }
 997
 998         /* Otherwise, try to reuse the group ID */
 999         if (!i->uid_set && i->gid_set) {
1000                 r = uid_is_ok((uid_t) i->gid, i->name, true);
1001                 if (r < 0)
1002                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify uid " UID_FMT ": %m", i->uid);
1003                 if (r > 0) {
1004                         i->uid = (uid_t) i->gid;
1005                         i->uid_set = true;
1006                 }
1007         }
1008
1009         /* And if that didn't work either, let's try to find a free one */
1010         if (!i->uid_set) {
1011                 for (;;) {
1012                         r = uid_range_next_lower(uid_range, n_uid_range, &search_uid);
1013                         if (r < 0) {
1014                                 log_error("No free user ID available for %s.", i->name);
1015                                 return r;
1016                         }
1017
1018                         r = uid_is_ok(search_uid, i->name, true);
1019                         if (r < 0)
1020                                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify uid " UID_FMT ": %m", i->uid);
1021                         else if (r > 0)
1022                                 break;
1023                 }
1024
1025                 i->uid_set = true;
1026                 i->uid = search_uid;
1027         }
1028
1029         r = ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(&todo_uids, NULL);
1030         if (r < 0)
1031                 return log_oom();
1032
1033         r = ordered_hashmap_put(todo_uids, UID_TO_PTR(i->uid), i);
1034         if (r < 0)
1035                 return log_oom();
1036
1037         i->todo_user = true;
1038         log_info("Creating user %s (%s) with uid " UID_FMT " and gid " GID_FMT ".", i->name, strna(i->description), i->uid, i->gid);
1039
1040         return 0;
1041 }
1042
1043 static int gid_is_ok(gid_t gid) {
1044         struct group *g;
1045         struct passwd *p;
1046
1047         if (ordered_hashmap_get(todo_gids, GID_TO_PTR(gid)))
1048                 return 0;
1049
1050         /* Avoid reusing gids that are already used by a different user */
1051         if (ordered_hashmap_get(todo_uids, UID_TO_PTR(gid)))
1052                 return 0;
1053
1054         if (hashmap_contains(database_gid, GID_TO_PTR(gid)))
1055                 return 0;
1056
1057         if (hashmap_contains(database_uid, UID_TO_PTR(gid)))
1058                 return 0;
1059
1060         if (!arg_root) {
1061                 errno = 0;
1062                 g = getgrgid(gid);
1063                 if (g)
1064                         return 0;
1065                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
1066                         return -errno;
1067
1068                 errno = 0;
1069                 p = getpwuid((uid_t) gid);
1070                 if (p)
1071                         return 0;
1072                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
1073                         return -errno;
1074         }
1075
1076         return 1;
1077 }
1078
1079 static int add_group(Item *i) {
1080         void *z;
1081         int r;
1082
1083         assert(i);
1084
1085         /* Check the database directly */
1086         z = hashmap_get(database_group, i->name);
1087         if (z) {
1088                 log_debug("Group %s already exists.", i->name);
1089                 i->gid = PTR_TO_GID(z);
1090                 i->gid_set = true;
1091                 return 0;
1092         }
1093
1094         /* Also check NSS */
1095         if (!arg_root) {
1096                 struct group *g;
1097
1098                 errno = 0;
1099                 g = getgrnam(i->name);
1100                 if (g) {
1101                         log_debug("Group %s already exists.", i->name);
1102                         i->gid = g->gr_gid;
1103                         i->gid_set = true;
1104                         return 0;
1105                 }
1106                 if (!IN_SET(errno, 0, ENOENT))
1107                         return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to check if group %s already exists: %m", i->name);
1108         }
1109
1110         /* Try to use the suggested numeric gid */
1111         if (i->gid_set) {
1112                 r = gid_is_ok(i->gid);
1113                 if (r < 0)
1114                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify gid " GID_FMT ": %m", i->gid);
1115                 if (i->id_set_strict) {
1116                         /* If we require the gid to already exist we can return here:
1117                          * r > 0: means the gid does not exist -> fail
1118                          * r == 0: means the gid exists -> nothing more to do.
1119                          */
1120                         if (r > 0) {
1121                                 log_error("Failed to create %s: please create GID %d", i->name, i->gid);
1122                                 return -EINVAL;
1123                         }
1124                         if (r == 0)
1125                                 return 0;
1126                 }
1127                 if (r == 0) {
1128                         log_debug("Suggested group ID " GID_FMT " for %s already used.", i->gid, i->name);
1129                         i->gid_set = false;
1130                 }
1131         }
1132
1133         /* Try to reuse the numeric uid, if there's one */
1134         if (!i->gid_set && i->uid_set) {
1135                 r = gid_is_ok((gid_t) i->uid);
1136                 if (r < 0)
1137                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify gid " GID_FMT ": %m", i->gid);
1138                 if (r > 0) {
1139                         i->gid = (gid_t) i->uid;
1140                         i->gid_set = true;
1141                 }
1142         }
1143
1144         /* If that didn't work, try to read it from the specified path */
1145         if (!i->gid_set) {
1146                 gid_t c;
1147
1148                 if (read_id_from_file(i, NULL, &c) > 0) {
1149
1150                         if (c <= 0 || !uid_range_contains(uid_range, n_uid_range, c))
1151                                 log_debug("Group ID " GID_FMT " of file not suitable for %s.", c, i->name);
1152                         else {
1153                                 r = gid_is_ok(c);
1154                                 if (r < 0)
1155                                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify gid " GID_FMT ": %m", i->gid);
1156                                 else if (r > 0) {
1157                                         i->gid = c;
1158                                         i->gid_set = true;
1159                                 } else
1160                                         log_debug("Group ID " GID_FMT " of file for %s already used.", c, i->name);
1161                         }
1162                 }
1163         }
1164
1165         /* And if that didn't work either, let's try to find a free one */
1166         if (!i->gid_set) {
1167                 for (;;) {
1168                         /* We look for new GIDs in the UID pool! */
1169                         r = uid_range_next_lower(uid_range, n_uid_range, &search_uid);
1170                         if (r < 0) {
1171                                 log_error("No free group ID available for %s.", i->name);
1172                                 return r;
1173                         }
1174
1175                         r = gid_is_ok(search_uid);
1176                         if (r < 0)
1177                                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to verify gid " GID_FMT ": %m", i->gid);
1178                         else if (r > 0)
1179                                 break;
1180                 }
1181
1182                 i->gid_set = true;
1183                 i->gid = search_uid;
1184         }
1185
1186         r = ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(&todo_gids, NULL);
1187         if (r < 0)
1188                 return log_oom();
1189
1190         r = ordered_hashmap_put(todo_gids, GID_TO_PTR(i->gid), i);
1191         if (r < 0)
1192                 return log_oom();
1193
1194         i->todo_group = true;
1195         log_info("Creating group %s with gid " GID_FMT ".", i->name, i->gid);
1196
1197         return 0;
1198 }
1199
1200 static int process_item(Item *i) {
1201         int r;
1202
1203         assert(i);
1204
1205         switch (i->type) {
1206
1207         case ADD_USER: {
1208                 Item *j;
1209
1210                 j = ordered_hashmap_get(groups, i->name);
1211                 if (j && j->todo_group) {
1212                         /* When the group with the same name is already in queue,
1213                          * use the information about the group and do not create
1214                          * duplicated group entry. */
1215                         i->gid_set = j->gid_set;
1216                         i->gid = j->gid;
1217                         i->id_set_strict = true;
1218                 } else {
1219                         r = add_group(i);
1220                         if (r < 0)
1221                                 return r;
1222                 }
1223
1224                 return add_user(i);
1225         }
1226
1227         case ADD_GROUP:
1228                 return add_group(i);
1229
1230         default:
1231                 assert_not_reached("Unknown item type");
1232         }
1233 }
1234
1235 static void item_free(Item *i) {
1236
1237         if (!i)
1238                 return;
1239
1240         free(i->name);
1241         free(i->uid_path);
1242         free(i->gid_path);
1243         free(i->description);
1244         free(i->home);
1245         free(i->shell);
1246         free(i);
1247 }
1248
1249 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Item*, item_free);
1250
1251 static int add_implicit(void) {
1252         char *g, **l;
1253         Iterator iterator;
1254         int r;
1255
1256         /* Implicitly create additional users and groups, if they were listed in "m" lines */
1257         ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(l, g, members, iterator) {
1258                 char **m;
1259
1260                 STRV_FOREACH(m, l)
1261                         if (!ordered_hashmap_get(users, *m)) {
1262                                 _cleanup_(item_freep) Item *j = NULL;
1263
1264                                 r = ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(&users, &string_hash_ops);
1265                                 if (r < 0)
1266                                         return log_oom();
1267
1268                                 j = new0(Item, 1);
1269                                 if (!j)
1270                                         return log_oom();
1271
1272                                 j->type = ADD_USER;
1273                                 j->name = strdup(*m);
1274                                 if (!j->name)
1275                                         return log_oom();
1276
1277                                 r = ordered_hashmap_put(users, j->name, j);
1278                                 if (r < 0)
1279                                         return log_oom();
1280
1281                                 log_debug("Adding implicit user '%s' due to m line", j->name);
1282                                 j = NULL;
1283                         }
1284
1285                 if (!(ordered_hashmap_get(users, g) ||
1286                       ordered_hashmap_get(groups, g))) {
1287                         _cleanup_(item_freep) Item *j = NULL;
1288
1289                         r = ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(&groups, &string_hash_ops);
1290                         if (r < 0)
1291                                 return log_oom();
1292
1293                         j = new0(Item, 1);
1294                         if (!j)
1295                                 return log_oom();
1296
1297                         j->type = ADD_GROUP;
1298                         j->name = strdup(g);
1299                         if (!j->name)
1300                                 return log_oom();
1301
1302                         r = ordered_hashmap_put(groups, j->name, j);
1303                         if (r < 0)
1304                                 return log_oom();
1305
1306                         log_debug("Adding implicit group '%s' due to m line", j->name);
1307                         j = NULL;
1308                 }
1309         }
1310
1311         return 0;
1312 }
1313
1314 static bool item_equal(Item *a, Item *b) {
1315         assert(a);
1316         assert(b);
1317
1318         if (a->type != b->type)
1319                 return false;
1320
1321         if (!streq_ptr(a->name, b->name))
1322                 return false;
1323
1324         if (!streq_ptr(a->uid_path, b->uid_path))
1325                 return false;
1326
1327         if (!streq_ptr(a->gid_path, b->gid_path))
1328                 return false;
1329
1330         if (!streq_ptr(a->description, b->description))
1331                 return false;
1332
1333         if (a->uid_set != b->uid_set)
1334                 return false;
1335
1336         if (a->uid_set && a->uid != b->uid)
1337                 return false;
1338
1339         if (a->gid_set != b->gid_set)
1340                 return false;
1341
1342         if (a->gid_set && a->gid != b->gid)
1343                 return false;
1344
1345         if (!streq_ptr(a->home, b->home))
1346                 return false;
1347
1348         if (!streq_ptr(a->shell, b->shell))
1349                 return false;
1350
1351         return true;
1352 }
1353
1354 static int parse_line(const char *fname, unsigned line, const char *buffer) {
1355
1356         static const Specifier specifier_table[] = {
1357                 { 'm', specifier_machine_id,     NULL },
1358                 { 'b', specifier_boot_id,        NULL },
1359                 { 'H', specifier_host_name,      NULL },
1360                 { 'v', specifier_kernel_release, NULL },
1361                 { 'T', specifier_tmp_dir,        NULL },
1362                 { 'V', specifier_var_tmp_dir,    NULL },
1363                 {}
1364         };
1365
1366         _cleanup_free_ char *action = NULL,
1367                 *name = NULL, *resolved_name = NULL,
1368                 *id = NULL, *resolved_id = NULL,
1369                 *description = NULL, *resolved_description = NULL,
1370                 *home = NULL, *resolved_home = NULL,
1371                 *shell, *resolved_shell = NULL;
1372         _cleanup_(item_freep) Item *i = NULL;
1373         Item *existing;
1374         OrderedHashmap *h;
1375         int r;
1376         const char *p;
1377
1378         assert(fname);
1379         assert(line >= 1);
1380         assert(buffer);
1381
1382         /* Parse columns */
1383         p = buffer;
1384         r = extract_many_words(&p, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES,
1385                                &action, &name, &id, &description, &home, &shell, NULL);
1386         if (r < 0) {
1387                 log_error("[%s:%u] Syntax error.", fname, line);
1388                 return r;
1389         }
1390         if (r < 2) {
1391                 log_error("[%s:%u] Missing action and name columns.", fname, line);
1392                 return -EINVAL;
1393         }
1394         if (!isempty(p)) {
1395                 log_error("[%s:%u] Trailing garbage.", fname, line);
1396                 return -EINVAL;
1397         }
1398
1399         /* Verify action */
1400         if (strlen(action) != 1) {
1401                 log_error("[%s:%u] Unknown modifier '%s'", fname, line, action);
1402                 return -EINVAL;
1403         }
1404
1405         if (!IN_SET(action[0], ADD_USER, ADD_GROUP, ADD_MEMBER, ADD_RANGE)) {
1406                 log_error("[%s:%u] Unknown command type '%c'.", fname, line, action[0]);
1407                 return -EBADMSG;
1408         }
1409
1410         /* Verify name */
1411         if (isempty(name) || streq(name, "-"))
1412                 name = mfree(name);
1413
1414         if (name) {
1415                 r = specifier_printf(name, specifier_table, NULL, &resolved_name);
1416                 if (r < 0) {
1417                         log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to replace specifiers: %s", fname, line, name);
1418                         return r;
1419                 }
1420
1421                 if (!valid_user_group_name(resolved_name)) {
1422                         log_error("[%s:%u] '%s' is not a valid user or group name.", fname, line, resolved_name);
1423                         return -EINVAL;
1424                 }
1425         }
1426
1427         /* Verify id */
1428         if (isempty(id) || streq(id, "-"))
1429                 id = mfree(id);
1430
1431         if (id) {
1432                 r = specifier_printf(id, specifier_table, NULL, &resolved_id);
1433                 if (r < 0) {
1434                         log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to replace specifiers: %s", fname, line, name);
1435                         return r;
1436                 }
1437         }
1438
1439         /* Verify description */
1440         if (isempty(description) || streq(description, "-"))
1441                 description = mfree(description);
1442
1443         if (description) {
1444                 r = specifier_printf(description, specifier_table, NULL, &resolved_description);
1445                 if (r < 0) {
1446                         log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to replace specifiers: %s", fname, line, description);
1447                         return r;
1448                 }
1449
1450                 if (!valid_gecos(resolved_description)) {
1451                         log_error("[%s:%u] '%s' is not a valid GECOS field.", fname, line, resolved_description);
1452                         return -EINVAL;
1453                 }
1454         }
1455
1456         /* Verify home */
1457         if (isempty(home) || streq(home, "-"))
1458                 home = mfree(home);
1459
1460         if (home) {
1461                 r = specifier_printf(home, specifier_table, NULL, &resolved_home);
1462                 if (r < 0) {
1463                         log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to replace specifiers: %s", fname, line, home);
1464                         return r;
1465                 }
1466
1467                 if (!valid_home(resolved_home)) {
1468                         log_error("[%s:%u] '%s' is not a valid home directory field.", fname, line, resolved_home);
1469                         return -EINVAL;
1470                 }
1471         }
1472
1473         /* Verify shell */
1474         if (isempty(shell) || streq(shell, "-"))
1475                 shell = mfree(shell);
1476
1477         if (shell) {
1478                 r = specifier_printf(shell, specifier_table, NULL, &resolved_shell);
1479                 if (r < 0) {
1480                         log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to replace specifiers: %s", fname, line, shell);
1481                         return r;
1482                 }
1483
1484                 if (!valid_shell(resolved_shell)) {
1485                         log_error("[%s:%u] '%s' is not a valid login shell field.", fname, line, resolved_shell);
1486                         return -EINVAL;
1487                 }
1488         }
1489
1490         switch (action[0]) {
1491
1492         case ADD_RANGE:
1493                 if (resolved_name) {
1494                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'r' don't take a name field.", fname, line);
1495                         return -EINVAL;
1496                 }
1497
1498                 if (!resolved_id) {
1499                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'r' require a ID range in the third field.", fname, line);
1500                         return -EINVAL;
1501                 }
1502
1503                 if (description || home || shell) {
1504                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type '%c' don't take a %s field.",
1505                                   fname, line, action[0],
1506                                   description ? "GECOS" : home ? "home directory" : "login shell");
1507                         return -EINVAL;
1508                 }
1509
1510                 r = uid_range_add_str(&uid_range, &n_uid_range, resolved_id);
1511                 if (r < 0) {
1512                         log_error("[%s:%u] Invalid UID range %s.", fname, line, resolved_id);
1513                         return -EINVAL;
1514                 }
1515
1516                 return 0;
1517
1518         case ADD_MEMBER: {
1519                 char **l;
1520
1521                 /* Try to extend an existing member or group item */
1522                 if (!name) {
1523                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'm' require a user name in the second field.", fname, line);
1524                         return -EINVAL;
1525                 }
1526
1527                 if (!resolved_id) {
1528                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'm' require a group name in the third field.", fname, line);
1529                         return -EINVAL;
1530                 }
1531
1532                 if (!valid_user_group_name(resolved_id)) {
1533                         log_error("[%s:%u] '%s' is not a valid user or group name.", fname, line, resolved_id);
1534                         return -EINVAL;
1535                 }
1536
1537                 if (description || home || shell) {
1538                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type '%c' don't take a %s field.",
1539                                   fname, line, action[0],
1540                                   description ? "GECOS" : home ? "home directory" : "login shell");
1541                         return -EINVAL;
1542                 }
1543
1544                 r = ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(&members, &string_hash_ops);
1545                 if (r < 0)
1546                         return log_oom();
1547
1548                 l = ordered_hashmap_get(members, resolved_id);
1549                 if (l) {
1550                         /* A list for this group name already exists, let's append to it */
1551                         r = strv_push(&l, resolved_name);
1552                         if (r < 0)
1553                                 return log_oom();
1554
1555                         resolved_name = NULL;
1556
1557                         assert_se(ordered_hashmap_update(members, resolved_id, l) >= 0);
1558                 } else {
1559                         /* No list for this group name exists yet, create one */
1560
1561                         l = new0(char *, 2);
1562                         if (!l)
1563                                 return -ENOMEM;
1564
1565                         l[0] = resolved_name;
1566                         l[1] = NULL;
1567
1568                         r = ordered_hashmap_put(members, resolved_id, l);
1569                         if (r < 0) {
1570                                 free(l);
1571                                 return log_oom();
1572                         }
1573
1574                         resolved_id = resolved_name = NULL;
1575                 }
1576
1577                 return 0;
1578         }
1579
1580         case ADD_USER:
1581                 if (!name) {
1582                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'u' require a user name in the second field.", fname, line);
1583                         return -EINVAL;
1584                 }
1585
1586                 r = ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(&users, &string_hash_ops);
1587                 if (r < 0)
1588                         return log_oom();
1589
1590                 i = new0(Item, 1);
1591                 if (!i)
1592                         return log_oom();
1593
1594                 if (resolved_id) {
1595                         if (path_is_absolute(resolved_id)) {
1596                                 i->uid_path = TAKE_PTR(resolved_id);
1597                                 path_simplify(i->uid_path, false);
1598                         } else {
1599                                 _cleanup_free_ char *uid = NULL, *gid = NULL;
1600                                 if (split_pair(resolved_id, ":", &uid, &gid) == 0) {
1601                                         r = parse_gid(gid, &i->gid);
1602                                         if (r < 0)
1603                                                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse GID: '%s': %m", id);
1604                                         i->gid_set = true;
1605                                         i->id_set_strict = true;
1606                                         free_and_replace(resolved_id, uid);
1607                                 }
1608                                 if (!streq(resolved_id, "-")) {
1609                                         r = parse_uid(resolved_id, &i->uid);
1610                                         if (r < 0)
1611                                                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse UID: '%s': %m", id);
1612                                         i->uid_set = true;
1613                                 }
1614                         }
1615                 }
1616
1617                 i->description = TAKE_PTR(resolved_description);
1618                 i->home = TAKE_PTR(resolved_home);
1619                 i->shell = TAKE_PTR(resolved_shell);
1620
1621                 h = users;
1622                 break;
1623
1624         case ADD_GROUP:
1625                 if (!name) {
1626                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type 'g' require a user name in the second field.", fname, line);
1627                         return -EINVAL;
1628                 }
1629
1630                 if (description || home || shell) {
1631                         log_error("[%s:%u] Lines of type '%c' don't take a %s field.",
1632                                   fname, line, action[0],
1633                                   description ? "GECOS" : home ? "home directory" : "login shell");
1634                         return -EINVAL;
1635                 }
1636
1637                 r = ordered_hashmap_ensure_allocated(&groups, &string_hash_ops);
1638                 if (r < 0)
1639                         return log_oom();
1640
1641                 i = new0(Item, 1);
1642                 if (!i)
1643                         return log_oom();
1644
1645                 if (resolved_id) {
1646                         if (path_is_absolute(resolved_id)) {
1647                                 i->gid_path = TAKE_PTR(resolved_id);
1648                                 path_simplify(i->gid_path, false);
1649                         } else {
1650                                 r = parse_gid(resolved_id, &i->gid);
1651                                 if (r < 0)
1652                                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse GID: '%s': %m", id);
1653
1654                                 i->gid_set = true;
1655                         }
1656                 }
1657
1658                 h = groups;
1659                 break;
1660
1661         default:
1662                 return -EBADMSG;
1663         }
1664
1665         i->type = action[0];
1666         i->name = TAKE_PTR(resolved_name);
1667
1668         existing = ordered_hashmap_get(h, i->name);
1669         if (existing) {
1670
1671                 /* Two identical items are fine */
1672                 if (!item_equal(existing, i))
1673                         log_warning("Two or more conflicting lines for %s configured, ignoring.", i->name);
1674
1675                 return 0;
1676         }
1677
1678         r = ordered_hashmap_put(h, i->name, i);
1679         if (r < 0)
1680                 return log_oom();
1681
1682         i = NULL;
1683         return 0;
1684 }
1685
1686 static int read_config_file(const char *fn, bool ignore_enoent) {
1687         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *rf = NULL;
1688         FILE *f = NULL;
1689         char line[LINE_MAX];
1690         unsigned v = 0;
1691         int r = 0;
1692
1693         assert(fn);
1694
1695         if (streq(fn, "-"))
1696                 f = stdin;
1697         else {
1698                 r = search_and_fopen(fn, "re", arg_root, (const char**) CONF_PATHS_STRV("sysusers.d"), &rf);
1699                 if (r < 0) {
1700                         if (ignore_enoent && r == -ENOENT)
1701                                 return 0;
1702
1703                         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open '%s', ignoring: %m", fn);
1704                 }
1705
1706                 f = rf;
1707         }
1708
1709         FOREACH_LINE(line, f, break) {
1710                 char *l;
1711                 int k;
1712
1713                 v++;
1714
1715                 l = strstrip(line);
1716                 if (IN_SET(*l, 0, '#'))
1717                         continue;
1718
1719                 k = parse_line(fn, v, l);
1720                 if (k < 0 && r == 0)
1721                         r = k;
1722         }
1723
1724         if (ferror(f)) {
1725                 log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to read from file %s: %m", fn);
1726                 if (r == 0)
1727                         r = -EIO;
1728         }
1729
1730         return r;
1731 }
1732
1733 static void free_database(Hashmap *by_name, Hashmap *by_id) {
1734         char *name;
1735
1736         for (;;) {
1737                 name = hashmap_first(by_id);
1738                 if (!name)
1739                         break;
1740
1741                 hashmap_remove(by_name, name);
1742
1743                 hashmap_steal_first_key(by_id);
1744                 free(name);
1745         }
1746
1747         while ((name = hashmap_steal_first_key(by_name)))
1748                 free(name);
1749
1750         hashmap_free(by_name);
1751         hashmap_free(by_id);
1752 }
1753
1754 static int cat_config(void) {
1755         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **files = NULL;
1756         int r;
1757
1758         r = conf_files_list_with_replacement(arg_root, CONF_PATHS_STRV("sysusers.d"), arg_replace, &files, NULL);
1759         if (r < 0)
1760                 return r;
1761
1762         (void) pager_open(arg_no_pager, false);
1763
1764         return cat_files(NULL, files, 0);
1765 }
1766
1767 static void help(void) {
1768         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [CONFIGURATION FILE...]\n\n"
1769                "Creates system user accounts.\n\n"
1770                "  -h --help                 Show this help\n"
1771                "     --version              Show package version\n"
1772                "     --cat-config           Show configuration files\n"
1773                "     --root=PATH            Operate on an alternate filesystem root\n"
1774                "     --replace=PATH         Treat arguments as replacement for PATH\n"
1775                "     --inline               Treat arguments as configuration lines\n"
1776                "     --no-pager             Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
1777                , program_invocation_short_name);
1778 }
1779
1780 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1781
1782         enum {
1783                 ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
1784                 ARG_CAT_CONFIG,
1785                 ARG_ROOT,
1786                 ARG_REPLACE,
1787                 ARG_INLINE,
1788                 ARG_NO_PAGER,
1789         };
1790
1791         static const struct option options[] = {
1792                 { "help",       no_argument,       NULL, 'h'            },
1793                 { "version",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION    },
1794                 { "cat-config", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_CAT_CONFIG },
1795                 { "root",       required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT       },
1796                 { "replace",    required_argument, NULL, ARG_REPLACE    },
1797                 { "inline",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_INLINE     },
1798                 { "no-pager",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER   },
1799                 {}
1800         };
1801
1802         int c, r;
1803
1804         assert(argc >= 0);
1805         assert(argv);
1806
1807         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "h", options, NULL)) >= 0)
1808
1809                 switch (c) {
1810
1811                 case 'h':
1812                         help();
1813                         return 0;
1814
1815                 case ARG_VERSION:
1816                         return version();
1817
1818                 case ARG_CAT_CONFIG:
1819                         arg_cat_config = true;
1820                         break;
1821
1822                 case ARG_ROOT:
1823                         r = parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg, true, &arg_root);
1824                         if (r < 0)
1825                                 return r;
1826                         break;
1827
1828                 case ARG_REPLACE:
1829                         if (!path_is_absolute(optarg) ||
1830                             !endswith(optarg, ".conf")) {
1831                                 log_error("The argument to --replace= must an absolute path to a config file");
1832                                 return -EINVAL;
1833                         }
1834
1835                         arg_replace = optarg;
1836                         break;
1837
1838                 case ARG_INLINE:
1839                         arg_inline = true;
1840                         break;
1841
1842                 case ARG_NO_PAGER:
1843                         arg_no_pager = true;
1844                         break;
1845
1846                 case '?':
1847                         return -EINVAL;
1848
1849                 default:
1850                         assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
1851                 }
1852
1853         if (arg_replace && arg_cat_config) {
1854                 log_error("Option --replace= is not supported with --cat-config");
1855                 return -EINVAL;
1856         }
1857
1858         if (arg_replace && optind >= argc) {
1859                 log_error("When --replace= is given, some configuration items must be specified");
1860                 return -EINVAL;
1861         }
1862
1863         return 1;
1864 }
1865
1866 static int parse_arguments(char **args) {
1867         char **arg;
1868         unsigned pos = 1;
1869         int r;
1870
1871         STRV_FOREACH(arg, args) {
1872                 if (arg_inline)
1873                         /* Use (argument):n, where n==1 for the first positional arg */
1874                         r = parse_line("(argument)", pos, *arg);
1875                 else
1876                         r = read_config_file(*arg, false);
1877                 if (r < 0)
1878                         return r;
1879
1880                 pos++;
1881         }
1882
1883         return 0;
1884 }
1885
1886 static int read_config_files(char **args) {
1887         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **files = NULL;
1888         _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
1889         char **f;
1890         int r;
1891
1892         r = conf_files_list_with_replacement(arg_root, CONF_PATHS_STRV("sysusers.d"), arg_replace, &files, &p);
1893         if (r < 0)
1894                 return r;
1895
1896         STRV_FOREACH(f, files)
1897                 if (p && path_equal(*f, p)) {
1898                         log_debug("Parsing arguments at position \"%s\"…", *f);
1899
1900                         r = parse_arguments(args);
1901                         if (r < 0)
1902                                 return r;
1903                 } else {
1904                         log_debug("Reading config file \"%s\"…", *f);
1905
1906                         /* Just warn, ignore result otherwise */
1907                         (void) read_config_file(*f, true);
1908                 }
1909
1910         return 0;
1911 }
1912
1913 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1914         _cleanup_close_ int lock = -1;
1915         Iterator iterator;
1916         int r;
1917         Item *i;
1918         char *n;
1919
1920         r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
1921         if (r <= 0)
1922                 goto finish;
1923
1924         log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
1925         log_parse_environment();
1926         log_open();
1927
1928         if (arg_cat_config) {
1929                 r = cat_config();
1930                 goto finish;
1931         }
1932
1933         umask(0022);
1934
1935         r = mac_selinux_init();
1936         if (r < 0) {
1937                 log_error_errno(r, "SELinux setup failed: %m");
1938                 goto finish;
1939         }
1940
1941         /* If command line arguments are specified along with --replace, read all
1942          * configuration files and insert the positional arguments at the specified
1943          * place. Otherwise, if command line arguments are specified, execute just
1944          * them, and finally, without --replace= or any positional arguments, just
1945          * read configuration and execute it.
1946          */
1947         if (arg_replace || optind >= argc)
1948                 r = read_config_files(argv + optind);
1949         else
1950                 r = parse_arguments(argv + optind);
1951         if (r < 0)
1952                 goto finish;
1953
1954         /* Let's tell nss-systemd not to synthesize the "root" and "nobody" entries for it, so that our detection
1955          * whether the names or UID/GID area already used otherwise doesn't get confused. After all, even though
1956          * nss-systemd synthesizes these users/groups, they should still appear in /etc/passwd and /etc/group, as the
1957          * synthesizing logic is merely supposed to be fallback for cases where we run with a completely unpopulated
1958          * /etc. */
1959         if (setenv("SYSTEMD_NSS_BYPASS_SYNTHETIC", "1", 1) < 0) {
1960                 r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to set SYSTEMD_NSS_BYPASS_SYNTHETIC environment variable: %m");
1961                 goto finish;
1962         }
1963
1964         if (!uid_range) {
1965                 /* Default to default range of 1..SYSTEM_UID_MAX */
1966                 r = uid_range_add(&uid_range, &n_uid_range, 1, SYSTEM_UID_MAX);
1967                 if (r < 0) {
1968                         log_oom();
1969                         goto finish;
1970                 }
1971         }
1972
1973         r = add_implicit();
1974         if (r < 0)
1975                 goto finish;
1976
1977         lock = take_etc_passwd_lock(arg_root);
1978         if (lock < 0) {
1979                 log_error_errno(lock, "Failed to take /etc/passwd lock: %m");
1980                 goto finish;
1981         }
1982
1983         r = load_user_database();
1984         if (r < 0) {
1985                 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to load user database: %m");
1986                 goto finish;
1987         }
1988
1989         r = load_group_database();
1990         if (r < 0) {
1991                 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read group database: %m");
1992                 goto finish;
1993         }
1994
1995         ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(i, groups, iterator)
1996                 (void) process_item(i);
1997
1998         ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(i, users, iterator)
1999                 (void) process_item(i);
2000
2001         r = write_files();
2002         if (r < 0)
2003                 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write files: %m");
2004
2005 finish:
2006         pager_close();
2007
2008         ordered_hashmap_free_with_destructor(groups, item_free);
2009         ordered_hashmap_free_with_destructor(users, item_free);
2010
2011         while ((n = ordered_hashmap_first_key(members))) {
2012                 strv_free(ordered_hashmap_steal_first(members));
2013                 free(n);
2014         }
2015         ordered_hashmap_free(members);
2016
2017         ordered_hashmap_free(todo_uids);
2018         ordered_hashmap_free(todo_gids);
2019
2020         free_database(database_user, database_uid);
2021         free_database(database_group, database_gid);
2022
2023         free(uid_range);
2024
2025         free(arg_root);
2026
2027         return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
2028 }