1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
53 #include <sys/capability.h>
55 #include <linux/rtc.h>
67 #include "exit-status.h"
71 char **saved_argv
= NULL
;
73 size_t page_size(void) {
74 static __thread
size_t pgsz
= 0;
77 if (_likely_(pgsz
> 0))
80 assert_se((r
= sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE
)) > 0);
87 bool streq_ptr(const char *a
, const char *b
) {
89 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
100 usec_t
now(clockid_t clock_id
) {
103 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id
, &ts
) == 0);
105 return timespec_load(&ts
);
108 dual_timestamp
* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp
*ts
) {
111 ts
->realtime
= now(CLOCK_REALTIME
);
112 ts
->monotonic
= now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC
);
117 dual_timestamp
* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp
*ts
, usec_t u
) {
126 delta
= (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME
) - (int64_t) u
;
128 ts
->monotonic
= now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC
);
130 if ((int64_t) ts
->monotonic
> delta
)
131 ts
->monotonic
-= delta
;
139 usec_t
timespec_load(const struct timespec
*ts
) {
143 (usec_t
) ts
->tv_sec
* USEC_PER_SEC
+
144 (usec_t
) ts
->tv_nsec
/ NSEC_PER_USEC
;
147 struct timespec
*timespec_store(struct timespec
*ts
, usec_t u
) {
150 ts
->tv_sec
= (time_t) (u
/ USEC_PER_SEC
);
151 ts
->tv_nsec
= (long int) ((u
% USEC_PER_SEC
) * NSEC_PER_USEC
);
156 usec_t
timeval_load(const struct timeval
*tv
) {
160 (usec_t
) tv
->tv_sec
* USEC_PER_SEC
+
161 (usec_t
) tv
->tv_usec
;
164 struct timeval
*timeval_store(struct timeval
*tv
, usec_t u
) {
167 tv
->tv_sec
= (time_t) (u
/ USEC_PER_SEC
);
168 tv
->tv_usec
= (suseconds_t
) (u
% USEC_PER_SEC
);
173 bool endswith(const char *s
, const char *postfix
) {
180 pl
= strlen(postfix
);
188 return memcmp(s
+ sl
- pl
, postfix
, pl
) == 0;
191 bool startswith(const char *s
, const char *prefix
) {
206 return memcmp(s
, prefix
, pl
) == 0;
209 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s
, const char *prefix
) {
225 for(i
= 0; i
< pl
; ++i
) {
226 if (tolower(s
[i
]) != tolower(prefix
[i
]))
233 bool first_word(const char *s
, const char *word
) {
248 if (memcmp(s
, word
, wl
) != 0)
252 strchr(WHITESPACE
, s
[wl
]);
255 int close_nointr(int fd
) {
270 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd
) {
271 int saved_errno
= errno
;
273 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
276 assert_se(close_nointr(fd
) == 0);
281 void close_many(const int fds
[], unsigned n_fd
) {
284 for (i
= 0; i
< n_fd
; i
++)
285 close_nointr_nofail(fds
[i
]);
288 int parse_boolean(const char *v
) {
291 if (streq(v
, "1") || v
[0] == 'y' || v
[0] == 'Y' || v
[0] == 't' || v
[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v
, "on"))
293 else if (streq(v
, "0") || v
[0] == 'n' || v
[0] == 'N' || v
[0] == 'f' || v
[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v
, "off"))
299 int parse_pid(const char *s
, pid_t
* ret_pid
) {
300 unsigned long ul
= 0;
307 if ((r
= safe_atolu(s
, &ul
)) < 0)
312 if ((unsigned long) pid
!= ul
)
322 int parse_uid(const char *s
, uid_t
* ret_uid
) {
323 unsigned long ul
= 0;
330 if ((r
= safe_atolu(s
, &ul
)) < 0)
335 if ((unsigned long) uid
!= ul
)
342 int safe_atou(const char *s
, unsigned *ret_u
) {
350 l
= strtoul(s
, &x
, 0);
352 if (!x
|| *x
|| errno
)
353 return errno
? -errno
: -EINVAL
;
355 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l
!= l
)
358 *ret_u
= (unsigned) l
;
362 int safe_atoi(const char *s
, int *ret_i
) {
370 l
= strtol(s
, &x
, 0);
372 if (!x
|| *x
|| errno
)
373 return errno
? -errno
: -EINVAL
;
375 if ((long) (int) l
!= l
)
382 int safe_atollu(const char *s
, long long unsigned *ret_llu
) {
384 unsigned long long l
;
390 l
= strtoull(s
, &x
, 0);
392 if (!x
|| *x
|| errno
)
393 return errno
? -errno
: -EINVAL
;
399 int safe_atolli(const char *s
, long long int *ret_lli
) {
407 l
= strtoll(s
, &x
, 0);
409 if (!x
|| *x
|| errno
)
410 return errno
? -errno
: -EINVAL
;
416 /* Split a string into words. */
417 char *split(const char *c
, size_t *l
, const char *separator
, char **state
) {
420 current
= *state
? *state
: (char*) c
;
422 if (!*current
|| *c
== 0)
425 current
+= strspn(current
, separator
);
426 *l
= strcspn(current
, separator
);
429 return (char*) current
;
432 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
433 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
434 char *split_quoted(const char *c
, size_t *l
, char **state
) {
436 bool escaped
= false;
438 current
= *state
? *state
: (char*) c
;
440 if (!*current
|| *c
== 0)
443 current
+= strspn(current
, WHITESPACE
);
445 if (*current
== '\'') {
448 for (e
= current
; *e
; e
++) {
458 *state
= *e
== 0 ? e
: e
+1;
459 } else if (*current
== '\"') {
462 for (e
= current
; *e
; e
++) {
472 *state
= *e
== 0 ? e
: e
+1;
474 for (e
= current
; *e
; e
++) {
479 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE
, *e
))
486 return (char*) current
;
489 char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p
) {
493 if (!(l
= strv_split(p
, ":")))
496 if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l
)) {
504 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid
, pid_t
*_ppid
) {
507 char fn
[PATH_MAX
], line
[LINE_MAX
], *p
;
513 assert_se(snprintf(fn
, sizeof(fn
)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid
) < (int) (sizeof(fn
)-1));
516 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "re")))
519 if (!(fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
))) {
520 r
= feof(f
) ? -EIO
: -errno
;
527 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
528 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
529 * skip over it manually */
531 if (!(p
= strrchr(line
, ')')))
542 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t
) ppid
!= ppid
)
545 *_ppid
= (pid_t
) ppid
;
550 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid
, unsigned long long *st
) {
553 char fn
[PATH_MAX
], line
[LINE_MAX
], *p
;
558 assert_se(snprintf(fn
, sizeof(fn
)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid
) < (int) (sizeof(fn
)-1));
561 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "re")))
564 if (!(fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
))) {
565 r
= feof(f
) ? -EIO
: -errno
;
572 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
573 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
574 * skip over it manually */
576 if (!(p
= strrchr(line
, ')')))
597 "%*d " /* priority */
599 "%*d " /* num_threads */
600 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
601 "%llu " /* starttime */,
608 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn
, const char *line
) {
615 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "we")))
619 if (fputs(line
, f
) < 0) {
624 if (!endswith(line
, "\n"))
642 int fchmod_umask(int fd
, mode_t m
) {
647 r
= fchmod(fd
, m
& (~u
)) < 0 ? -errno
: 0;
653 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn
, const char *line
) {
661 r
= fopen_temporary(fn
, &f
, &p
);
665 fchmod_umask(fileno(f
), 0644);
668 if (fputs(line
, f
) < 0) {
673 if (!endswith(line
, "\n"))
684 if (rename(p
, fn
) < 0)
700 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn
, char **line
) {
703 char t
[LINE_MAX
], *c
;
708 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "re")))
711 if (!(fgets(t
, sizeof(t
), f
))) {
712 r
= feof(f
) ? -EIO
: -errno
;
716 if (!(c
= strdup(t
))) {
731 int read_full_file(const char *fn
, char **contents
, size_t *size
) {
738 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "re")))
741 if (fstat(fileno(f
), &st
) < 0) {
747 if (st
.st_size
> 4*1024*1024) {
752 n
= st
.st_size
> 0 ? st
.st_size
: LINE_MAX
;
759 if (!(t
= realloc(buf
, n
+1))) {
765 k
= fread(buf
+ l
, 1, n
- l
, f
);
780 if (n
> 4*1024*1024) {
804 const char *separator
, ...) {
807 char *contents
= NULL
, *p
;
812 if ((r
= read_full_file(fname
, &contents
, NULL
)) < 0)
817 const char *key
= NULL
;
819 p
+= strspn(p
, separator
);
820 p
+= strspn(p
, WHITESPACE
);
825 if (!strchr(COMMENTS
, *p
)) {
829 va_start(ap
, separator
);
830 while ((key
= va_arg(ap
, char *))) {
834 value
= va_arg(ap
, char **);
837 if (strncmp(p
, key
, n
) != 0 ||
842 n
= strcspn(p
, separator
);
845 strchr(QUOTES
, p
[0]) &&
847 v
= strndup(p
+1, n
-2);
858 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
875 p
+= strcspn(p
, separator
);
894 if (!(f
= fopen(fname
, "re")))
898 char l
[LINE_MAX
], *p
, *u
;
901 if (!fgets(l
, sizeof(l
), f
)) {
914 if (strchr(COMMENTS
, *p
))
917 if (!(u
= normalize_env_assignment(p
))) {
918 log_error("Out of memory");
923 t
= strv_append(m
, u
);
927 log_error("Out of memory");
950 int write_env_file(const char *fname
, char **l
) {
955 r
= fopen_temporary(fname
, &f
, &p
);
959 fchmod_umask(fileno(f
), 0644);
975 if (rename(p
, fname
) < 0)
990 char *truncate_nl(char *s
) {
993 s
[strcspn(s
, NEWLINE
)] = 0;
997 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid
, char **name
) {
1003 r
= read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name
);
1006 if (asprintf(&p
, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid
) < 0)
1009 r
= read_one_line_file(p
, name
);
1016 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid
, size_t max_length
, bool comm_fallback
, char **line
) {
1023 assert(max_length
> 0);
1027 f
= fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
1030 if (asprintf(&p
, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid
) < 0)
1040 r
= new(char, max_length
);
1048 while ((c
= getc(f
)) != EOF
) {
1070 size_t n
= MIN(left
-1, 3U);
1071 memcpy(k
, "...", n
);
1078 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1088 h
= get_process_comm(pid
, &t
);
1092 r
= join("[", t
, "]", NULL
);
1103 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid
, char **name
) {
1109 r
= readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name
);
1112 if (asprintf(&p
, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid
) < 0)
1115 r
= readlink_malloc(p
, name
);
1122 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid
, uid_t
*uid
) {
1132 if (asprintf(&p
, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid
) < 0)
1142 char line
[LINE_MAX
], *l
;
1144 if (!fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
)) {
1154 if (startswith(l
, "Uid:")) {
1156 l
+= strspn(l
, WHITESPACE
);
1158 l
[strcspn(l
, WHITESPACE
)] = 0;
1160 r
= parse_uid(l
, uid
);
1173 char *strnappend(const char *s
, const char *suffix
, size_t b
) {
1181 return strndup(suffix
, b
);
1191 if (!(r
= new(char, a
+b
+1)))
1195 memcpy(r
+a
, suffix
, b
);
1201 char *strappend(const char *s
, const char *suffix
) {
1202 return strnappend(s
, suffix
, suffix
? strlen(suffix
) : 0);
1205 int readlink_malloc(const char *p
, char **r
) {
1215 if (!(c
= new(char, l
)))
1218 if ((n
= readlink(p
, c
, l
-1)) < 0) {
1224 if ((size_t) n
< l
-1) {
1235 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p
, char **r
) {
1242 if ((j
= readlink_malloc(p
, &target
)) < 0)
1245 k
= file_in_same_dir(p
, target
);
1255 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p
, char **r
) {
1262 j
= readlink_and_make_absolute(p
, &t
);
1266 s
= canonicalize_file_name(t
);
1273 path_kill_slashes(*r
);
1278 int parent_of_path(const char *path
, char **_r
) {
1279 const char *e
, *a
= NULL
, *b
= NULL
, *p
;
1289 for (e
= path
; *e
; e
++) {
1291 if (!slash
&& *e
== '/') {
1295 } else if (slash
&& *e
!= '/')
1310 r
= strndup(path
, p
-path
);
1320 char *file_name_from_path(const char *p
) {
1325 if ((r
= strrchr(p
, '/')))
1331 bool path_is_absolute(const char *p
) {
1337 bool is_path(const char *p
) {
1339 return !!strchr(p
, '/');
1342 char *path_make_absolute(const char *p
, const char *prefix
) {
1345 /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
1346 * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
1348 if (path_is_absolute(p
) || !prefix
)
1351 return join(prefix
, "/", p
, NULL
);
1354 char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p
) {
1359 /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
1360 * current working directory. */
1362 if (path_is_absolute(p
))
1365 if (!(cwd
= get_current_dir_name()))
1368 r
= path_make_absolute(p
, cwd
);
1374 char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l
) {
1377 /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
1378 * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
1379 * changes on failure. */
1381 STRV_FOREACH(s
, l
) {
1384 if (!(t
= path_make_absolute_cwd(*s
)))
1394 char **strv_path_canonicalize(char **l
) {
1397 bool enomem
= false;
1399 if (strv_isempty(l
))
1402 /* Goes through every item in the string list and canonicalize
1403 * the path. This works in place and won't rollback any
1404 * changes on failure. */
1406 STRV_FOREACH(s
, l
) {
1409 t
= path_make_absolute_cwd(*s
);
1418 u
= canonicalize_file_name(t
);
1422 if (errno
== ENOMEM
|| !errno
)
1439 char **strv_path_remove_empty(char **l
) {
1445 for (f
= t
= l
; *f
; f
++) {
1447 if (dir_is_empty(*f
) > 0) {
1459 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1462 for (sig
= 1; sig
< _NSIG
; sig
++) {
1463 struct sigaction sa
;
1465 if (sig
== SIGKILL
|| sig
== SIGSTOP
)
1469 sa
.sa_handler
= SIG_DFL
;
1470 sa
.sa_flags
= SA_RESTART
;
1472 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1473 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1474 if ((sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0))
1475 if (errno
!= EINVAL
)
1482 char *strstrip(char *s
) {
1485 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1486 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1488 s
+= strspn(s
, WHITESPACE
);
1490 for (e
= strchr(s
, 0); e
> s
; e
--)
1491 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE
, e
[-1]))
1499 char *delete_chars(char *s
, const char *bad
) {
1502 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1504 for (f
= s
, t
= s
; *f
; f
++) {
1505 if (strchr(bad
, *f
))
1516 bool in_charset(const char *s
, const char* charset
) {
1522 for (i
= s
; *i
; i
++)
1523 if (!strchr(charset
, *i
))
1529 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path
, const char *filename
) {
1536 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1537 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1540 if (path_is_absolute(filename
))
1541 return strdup(filename
);
1543 if (!(e
= strrchr(path
, '/')))
1544 return strdup(filename
);
1546 k
= strlen(filename
);
1547 if (!(r
= new(char, e
-path
+1+k
+1)))
1550 memcpy(r
, path
, e
-path
+1);
1551 memcpy(r
+(e
-path
)+1, filename
, k
+1);
1556 int safe_mkdir(const char *path
, mode_t mode
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
1559 if (label_mkdir(path
, mode
) >= 0)
1560 if (chmod_and_chown(path
, mode
, uid
, gid
) < 0)
1563 if (lstat(path
, &st
) < 0)
1566 if ((st
.st_mode
& 0777) != mode
||
1569 !S_ISDIR(st
.st_mode
)) {
1578 int mkdir_parents(const char *path
, mode_t mode
) {
1583 /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last
1586 p
= path
+ strspn(path
, "/");
1591 e
= p
+ strcspn(p
, "/");
1592 p
= e
+ strspn(e
, "/");
1594 /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're
1599 if (!(t
= strndup(path
, e
- path
)))
1602 r
= label_mkdir(t
, mode
);
1605 if (r
< 0 && errno
!= EEXIST
)
1610 int mkdir_p(const char *path
, mode_t mode
) {
1615 if ((r
= mkdir_parents(path
, mode
)) < 0)
1618 if (label_mkdir(path
, mode
) < 0 && errno
!= EEXIST
)
1624 int rmdir_parents(const char *path
, const char *stop
) {
1633 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1634 while (l
> 0 && path
[l
-1] == '/')
1640 /* Skip last component */
1641 while (l
> 0 && path
[l
-1] != '/')
1644 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1645 while (l
> 0 && path
[l
-1] == '/')
1651 if (!(t
= strndup(path
, l
)))
1654 if (path_startswith(stop
, t
)) {
1663 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
1671 char hexchar(int x
) {
1672 static const char table
[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1674 return table
[x
& 15];
1677 int unhexchar(char c
) {
1679 if (c
>= '0' && c
<= '9')
1682 if (c
>= 'a' && c
<= 'f')
1683 return c
- 'a' + 10;
1685 if (c
>= 'A' && c
<= 'F')
1686 return c
- 'A' + 10;
1691 char octchar(int x
) {
1692 return '0' + (x
& 7);
1695 int unoctchar(char c
) {
1697 if (c
>= '0' && c
<= '7')
1703 char decchar(int x
) {
1704 return '0' + (x
% 10);
1707 int undecchar(char c
) {
1709 if (c
>= '0' && c
<= '9')
1715 char *cescape(const char *s
) {
1721 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1723 if (!(r
= new(char, strlen(s
)*4 + 1)))
1726 for (f
= s
, t
= r
; *f
; f
++)
1772 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1773 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1774 * g_strescape() does the same */
1775 if ((*f
< ' ') || (*f
>= 127)) {
1777 *(t
++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f
>> 6);
1778 *(t
++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f
>> 3);
1779 *(t
++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f
);
1790 char *cunescape_length(const char *s
, size_t length
) {
1796 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1798 if (!(r
= new(char, length
+1)))
1801 for (f
= s
, t
= r
; f
< s
+ length
; f
++) {
1844 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1849 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1852 if ((a
= unhexchar(f
[1])) < 0 ||
1853 (b
= unhexchar(f
[2])) < 0) {
1854 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1858 *(t
++) = (char) ((a
<< 4) | b
);
1873 /* octal encoding */
1876 if ((a
= unoctchar(f
[0])) < 0 ||
1877 (b
= unoctchar(f
[1])) < 0 ||
1878 (c
= unoctchar(f
[2])) < 0) {
1879 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1883 *(t
++) = (char) ((a
<< 6) | (b
<< 3) | c
);
1891 /* premature end of string.*/
1896 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1908 char *cunescape(const char *s
) {
1909 return cunescape_length(s
, strlen(s
));
1912 char *xescape(const char *s
, const char *bad
) {
1916 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1917 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1920 if (!(r
= new(char, strlen(s
)*4+1)))
1923 for (f
= s
, t
= r
; *f
; f
++) {
1925 if ((*f
< ' ') || (*f
>= 127) ||
1926 (*f
== '\\') || strchr(bad
, *f
)) {
1929 *(t
++) = hexchar(*f
>> 4);
1930 *(t
++) = hexchar(*f
);
1940 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s
) {
1946 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1947 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1949 if (!(r
= new(char, strlen(s
)*3+1)))
1952 for (f
= s
, t
= r
; *f
; f
++) {
1954 if (!(*f
>= 'A' && *f
<= 'Z') &&
1955 !(*f
>= 'a' && *f
<= 'z') &&
1956 !(*f
>= '0' && *f
<= '9')) {
1958 *(t
++) = hexchar(*f
>> 4);
1959 *(t
++) = hexchar(*f
);
1969 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f
) {
1974 if (!(r
= strdup(f
)))
1977 for (t
= r
; *f
; f
++) {
1982 if ((a
= unhexchar(f
[1])) < 0 ||
1983 (b
= unhexchar(f
[2])) < 0) {
1984 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1987 *(t
++) = (char) ((a
<< 4) | b
);
1999 char *path_kill_slashes(char *path
) {
2003 /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the
2004 * passed string in-place.
2006 * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar
2009 for (f
= path
, t
= path
; *f
; f
++) {
2024 /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a
2025 trailing slash is good */
2027 if (t
== path
&& slash
)
2034 bool path_startswith(const char *path
, const char *prefix
) {
2038 if ((path
[0] == '/') != (prefix
[0] == '/'))
2044 path
+= strspn(path
, "/");
2045 prefix
+= strspn(prefix
, "/");
2053 a
= strcspn(path
, "/");
2054 b
= strcspn(prefix
, "/");
2059 if (memcmp(path
, prefix
, a
) != 0)
2067 bool path_equal(const char *a
, const char *b
) {
2071 if ((a
[0] == '/') != (b
[0] == '/'))
2077 a
+= strspn(a
, "/");
2078 b
+= strspn(b
, "/");
2080 if (*a
== 0 && *b
== 0)
2083 if (*a
== 0 || *b
== 0)
2086 j
= strcspn(a
, "/");
2087 k
= strcspn(b
, "/");
2092 if (memcmp(a
, b
, j
) != 0)
2100 char *ascii_strlower(char *t
) {
2105 for (p
= t
; *p
; p
++)
2106 if (*p
>= 'A' && *p
<= 'Z')
2107 *p
= *p
- 'A' + 'a';
2112 bool ignore_file(const char *filename
) {
2116 filename
[0] == '.' ||
2117 streq(filename
, "lost+found") ||
2118 streq(filename
, "aquota.user") ||
2119 streq(filename
, "aquota.group") ||
2120 endswith(filename
, "~") ||
2121 endswith(filename
, ".rpmnew") ||
2122 endswith(filename
, ".rpmsave") ||
2123 endswith(filename
, ".rpmorig") ||
2124 endswith(filename
, ".dpkg-old") ||
2125 endswith(filename
, ".dpkg-new") ||
2126 endswith(filename
, ".swp");
2129 int fd_nonblock(int fd
, bool nonblock
) {
2134 if ((flags
= fcntl(fd
, F_GETFL
, 0)) < 0)
2138 flags
|= O_NONBLOCK
;
2140 flags
&= ~O_NONBLOCK
;
2142 if (fcntl(fd
, F_SETFL
, flags
) < 0)
2148 int fd_cloexec(int fd
, bool cloexec
) {
2153 if ((flags
= fcntl(fd
, F_GETFD
, 0)) < 0)
2157 flags
|= FD_CLOEXEC
;
2159 flags
&= ~FD_CLOEXEC
;
2161 if (fcntl(fd
, F_SETFD
, flags
) < 0)
2167 int close_all_fds(const int except
[], unsigned n_except
) {
2172 if (!(d
= opendir("/proc/self/fd")))
2175 while ((de
= readdir(d
))) {
2178 if (ignore_file(de
->d_name
))
2181 if (safe_atoi(de
->d_name
, &fd
) < 0)
2182 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
2196 for (i
= 0; i
< n_except
; i
++)
2197 if (except
[i
] == fd
) {
2206 if (close_nointr(fd
) < 0) {
2207 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
2208 if (errno
!= EBADF
&& r
== 0)
2217 bool chars_intersect(const char *a
, const char *b
) {
2220 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
2221 for (p
= a
; *p
; p
++)
2228 char *format_timestamp(char *buf
, size_t l
, usec_t t
) {
2238 sec
= (time_t) (t
/ USEC_PER_SEC
);
2240 if (strftime(buf
, l
, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec
, &tm
)) <= 0)
2246 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf
, size_t l
, usec_t t
) {
2249 n
= now(CLOCK_REALTIME
);
2251 if (t
<= 0 || t
> n
|| t
+ USEC_PER_DAY
*7 <= t
)
2256 if (d
>= USEC_PER_YEAR
)
2257 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
2258 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_YEAR
),
2259 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_YEAR
) / USEC_PER_MONTH
));
2260 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_MONTH
)
2261 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
2262 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_MONTH
),
2263 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_MONTH
) / USEC_PER_DAY
));
2264 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_WEEK
)
2265 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
2266 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_WEEK
),
2267 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_WEEK
) / USEC_PER_DAY
));
2268 else if (d
>= 2*USEC_PER_DAY
)
2269 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_DAY
));
2270 else if (d
>= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR
)
2271 snprintf(buf
, l
, "1 day and %lluh ago",
2272 (unsigned long long) ((d
- USEC_PER_DAY
) / USEC_PER_HOUR
));
2273 else if (d
>= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR
)
2274 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%lluh ago",
2275 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_HOUR
));
2276 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_HOUR
)
2277 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%lluh %llumin ago",
2278 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_HOUR
),
2279 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_HOUR
) / USEC_PER_MINUTE
));
2280 else if (d
>= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE
)
2281 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llumin ago",
2282 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_MINUTE
));
2283 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_MINUTE
)
2284 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llumin %llus ago",
2285 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_MINUTE
),
2286 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_MINUTE
) / USEC_PER_SEC
));
2287 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_SEC
)
2288 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llus ago",
2289 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_SEC
));
2290 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_MSEC
)
2291 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llums ago",
2292 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_MSEC
));
2294 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%lluus ago",
2295 (unsigned long long) d
);
2297 snprintf(buf
, l
, "now");
2303 char *format_timespan(char *buf
, size_t l
, usec_t t
) {
2304 static const struct {
2308 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK
},
2309 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY
},
2310 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR
},
2311 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE
},
2312 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC
},
2313 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC
},
2323 if (t
== (usec_t
) -1)
2327 snprintf(p
, l
, "0");
2332 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2334 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(table
); i
++) {
2338 if (t
< table
[i
].usec
)
2344 k
= snprintf(p
, l
, "%s%llu%s", p
> buf
? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t
/ table
[i
].usec
), table
[i
].suffix
);
2345 n
= MIN((size_t) k
, l
);
2358 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype
) {
2359 static const char * const table
[] = {
2371 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(table
); i
++)
2372 if (streq(table
[i
], fstype
))
2381 if ((fd
= open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0)
2386 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT
,
2390 if (ioctl(fd
, TIOCLINUX
, tiocl
) < 0) {
2395 vt
= tiocl
[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl
[0];
2398 if (ioctl(fd
, VT_ACTIVATE
, vt
) < 0)
2402 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2406 int read_one_char(FILE *f
, char *ret
, bool *need_nl
) {
2407 struct termios old_termios
, new_termios
;
2409 char line
[LINE_MAX
];
2414 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f
), &old_termios
) >= 0) {
2415 new_termios
= old_termios
;
2417 new_termios
.c_lflag
&= ~ICANON
;
2418 new_termios
.c_cc
[VMIN
] = 1;
2419 new_termios
.c_cc
[VTIME
] = 0;
2421 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f
), TCSADRAIN
, &new_termios
) >= 0) {
2424 k
= fread(&c
, 1, 1, f
);
2426 tcsetattr(fileno(f
), TCSADRAIN
, &old_termios
);
2432 *need_nl
= c
!= '\n';
2439 if (!(fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
)))
2444 if (strlen(line
) != 1)
2454 int ask(char *ret
, const char *replies
, const char *text
, ...) {
2461 on_tty
= isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
);
2467 bool need_nl
= true;
2470 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON
, stdout
);
2477 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF
, stdout
);
2481 if ((r
= read_one_char(stdin
, &c
, &need_nl
)) < 0) {
2483 if (r
== -EBADMSG
) {
2484 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2495 if (strchr(replies
, c
)) {
2500 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2504 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd
) {
2505 struct termios termios
;
2508 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2512 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2513 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2514 * interfere with that. */
2516 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2517 ioctl(fd
, TIOCNXCL
);
2519 /* Switch to text mode */
2520 ioctl(fd
, KDSETMODE
, KD_TEXT
);
2522 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2523 ioctl(fd
, KDSKBMODE
, K_UNICODE
);
2525 if (tcgetattr(fd
, &termios
) < 0) {
2530 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2531 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2532 * else will do that for us */
2534 termios
.c_iflag
&= ~(IGNBRK
| BRKINT
| ISTRIP
| INLCR
| IGNCR
| IUCLC
);
2535 termios
.c_iflag
|= ICRNL
| IMAXBEL
| IUTF8
;
2536 termios
.c_oflag
|= ONLCR
;
2537 termios
.c_cflag
|= CREAD
;
2538 termios
.c_lflag
= ISIG
| ICANON
| IEXTEN
| ECHO
| ECHOE
| ECHOK
| ECHOCTL
| ECHOPRT
| ECHOKE
;
2540 termios
.c_cc
[VINTR
] = 03; /* ^C */
2541 termios
.c_cc
[VQUIT
] = 034; /* ^\ */
2542 termios
.c_cc
[VERASE
] = 0177;
2543 termios
.c_cc
[VKILL
] = 025; /* ^X */
2544 termios
.c_cc
[VEOF
] = 04; /* ^D */
2545 termios
.c_cc
[VSTART
] = 021; /* ^Q */
2546 termios
.c_cc
[VSTOP
] = 023; /* ^S */
2547 termios
.c_cc
[VSUSP
] = 032; /* ^Z */
2548 termios
.c_cc
[VLNEXT
] = 026; /* ^V */
2549 termios
.c_cc
[VWERASE
] = 027; /* ^W */
2550 termios
.c_cc
[VREPRINT
] = 022; /* ^R */
2551 termios
.c_cc
[VEOL
] = 0;
2552 termios
.c_cc
[VEOL2
] = 0;
2554 termios
.c_cc
[VTIME
] = 0;
2555 termios
.c_cc
[VMIN
] = 1;
2557 if (tcsetattr(fd
, TCSANOW
, &termios
) < 0)
2561 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2562 tcflush(fd
, TCIOFLUSH
);
2567 int reset_terminal(const char *name
) {
2570 fd
= open_terminal(name
, O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
2574 r
= reset_terminal_fd(fd
);
2575 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2580 int open_terminal(const char *name
, int mode
) {
2585 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2586 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2587 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2588 * retrying a couple of times.
2590 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2594 if ((fd
= open(name
, mode
)) >= 0)
2603 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC
);
2610 if ((r
= isatty(fd
)) < 0) {
2611 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2616 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2623 int flush_fd(int fd
) {
2624 struct pollfd pollfd
;
2628 pollfd
.events
= POLLIN
;
2635 if ((r
= poll(&pollfd
, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2646 if ((l
= read(fd
, buf
, sizeof(buf
))) < 0) {
2651 if (errno
== EAGAIN
)
2662 int acquire_terminal(const char *name
, bool fail
, bool force
, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm
) {
2663 int fd
= -1, notify
= -1, r
, wd
= -1;
2667 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2668 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2669 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2671 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2672 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2673 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2674 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2675 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2676 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2677 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2678 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2680 if (!fail
&& !force
) {
2681 if ((notify
= inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC
)) < 0) {
2686 if ((wd
= inotify_add_watch(notify
, name
, IN_CLOSE
)) < 0) {
2694 if ((r
= flush_fd(notify
)) < 0)
2697 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2698 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2699 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2700 if ((fd
= open_terminal(name
, O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0)
2703 /* First, try to get the tty */
2704 r
= ioctl(fd
, TIOCSCTTY
, force
);
2706 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2707 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2708 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2709 if (r
< 0 && errno
== EPERM
&& ignore_tiocstty_eperm
)
2712 if (r
< 0 && (force
|| fail
|| errno
!= EPERM
)) {
2722 assert(notify
>= 0);
2725 uint8_t inotify_buffer
[sizeof(struct inotify_event
) + FILENAME_MAX
];
2727 struct inotify_event
*e
;
2729 if ((l
= read(notify
, inotify_buffer
, sizeof(inotify_buffer
))) < 0) {
2738 e
= (struct inotify_event
*) inotify_buffer
;
2743 if (e
->wd
!= wd
|| !(e
->mask
& IN_CLOSE
)) {
2748 step
= sizeof(struct inotify_event
) + e
->len
;
2749 assert(step
<= (size_t) l
);
2751 e
= (struct inotify_event
*) ((uint8_t*) e
+ step
);
2758 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2759 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2760 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2761 * an endless loop. */
2762 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2766 close_nointr_nofail(notify
);
2768 if ((r
= reset_terminal_fd(fd
)) < 0)
2769 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r
));
2775 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2778 close_nointr_nofail(notify
);
2783 int release_terminal(void) {
2785 struct sigaction sa_old
, sa_new
;
2787 if ((fd
= open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_NDELAY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0)
2790 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2791 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2794 sa_new
.sa_handler
= SIG_IGN
;
2795 sa_new
.sa_flags
= SA_RESTART
;
2796 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP
, &sa_new
, &sa_old
) == 0);
2798 if (ioctl(fd
, TIOCNOTTY
) < 0)
2801 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP
, &sa_old
, NULL
) == 0);
2803 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2807 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction
*sa
, ...) {
2812 while ((sig
= va_arg(ap
, int)) > 0)
2813 if (sigaction(sig
, sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2820 int ignore_signals(int sig
, ...) {
2821 struct sigaction sa
;
2826 sa
.sa_handler
= SIG_IGN
;
2827 sa
.sa_flags
= SA_RESTART
;
2829 if (sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2833 while ((sig
= va_arg(ap
, int)) > 0)
2834 if (sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2841 int default_signals(int sig
, ...) {
2842 struct sigaction sa
;
2847 sa
.sa_handler
= SIG_DFL
;
2848 sa
.sa_flags
= SA_RESTART
;
2850 if (sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2854 while ((sig
= va_arg(ap
, int)) > 0)
2855 if (sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2862 int close_pipe(int p
[]) {
2868 a
= close_nointr(p
[0]);
2873 b
= close_nointr(p
[1]);
2877 return a
< 0 ? a
: b
;
2880 ssize_t
loop_read(int fd
, void *buf
, size_t nbytes
, bool do_poll
) {
2889 while (nbytes
> 0) {
2892 if ((k
= read(fd
, p
, nbytes
)) <= 0) {
2894 if (k
< 0 && errno
== EINTR
)
2897 if (k
< 0 && errno
== EAGAIN
&& do_poll
) {
2898 struct pollfd pollfd
;
2902 pollfd
.events
= POLLIN
;
2904 if (poll(&pollfd
, 1, -1) < 0) {
2908 return n
> 0 ? n
: -errno
;
2911 if (pollfd
.revents
!= POLLIN
)
2912 return n
> 0 ? n
: -EIO
;
2917 return n
> 0 ? n
: (k
< 0 ? -errno
: 0);
2928 ssize_t
loop_write(int fd
, const void *buf
, size_t nbytes
, bool do_poll
) {
2937 while (nbytes
> 0) {
2940 k
= write(fd
, p
, nbytes
);
2943 if (k
< 0 && errno
== EINTR
)
2946 if (k
< 0 && errno
== EAGAIN
&& do_poll
) {
2947 struct pollfd pollfd
;
2951 pollfd
.events
= POLLOUT
;
2953 if (poll(&pollfd
, 1, -1) < 0) {
2957 return n
> 0 ? n
: -errno
;
2960 if (pollfd
.revents
!= POLLOUT
)
2961 return n
> 0 ? n
: -EIO
;
2966 return n
> 0 ? n
: (k
< 0 ? -errno
: 0);
2977 int path_is_mount_point(const char *t
, bool allow_symlink
) {
2988 if (errno
== ENOENT
)
2994 r
= parent_of_path(t
, &parent
);
2998 r
= lstat(parent
, &b
);
3004 return a
.st_dev
!= b
.st_dev
;
3007 int parse_usec(const char *t
, usec_t
*usec
) {
3008 static const struct {
3012 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC
},
3013 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC
},
3014 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE
},
3015 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR
},
3016 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR
},
3017 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY
},
3018 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK
},
3019 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC
},
3020 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC
},
3021 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE
},
3024 { "", USEC_PER_SEC
},
3040 l
= strtoll(p
, &e
, 10);
3051 e
+= strspn(e
, WHITESPACE
);
3053 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(table
); i
++)
3054 if (startswith(e
, table
[i
].suffix
)) {
3055 r
+= (usec_t
) l
* table
[i
].usec
;
3056 p
= e
+ strlen(table
[i
].suffix
);
3060 if (i
>= ELEMENTSOF(table
))
3070 int parse_bytes(const char *t
, off_t
*bytes
) {
3071 static const struct {
3077 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
3078 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3079 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3080 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3081 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3098 l
= strtoll(p
, &e
, 10);
3109 e
+= strspn(e
, WHITESPACE
);
3111 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(table
); i
++)
3112 if (startswith(e
, table
[i
].suffix
)) {
3113 r
+= (off_t
) l
* table
[i
].factor
;
3114 p
= e
+ strlen(table
[i
].suffix
);
3118 if (i
>= ELEMENTSOF(table
))
3128 int make_stdio(int fd
) {
3133 r
= dup2(fd
, STDIN_FILENO
);
3134 s
= dup2(fd
, STDOUT_FILENO
);
3135 t
= dup2(fd
, STDERR_FILENO
);
3138 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
3140 if (r
< 0 || s
< 0 || t
< 0)
3143 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO
, false);
3144 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO
, false);
3145 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO
, false);
3150 int make_null_stdio(void) {
3153 if ((null_fd
= open("/dev/null", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
)) < 0)
3156 return make_stdio(null_fd
);
3159 bool is_device_path(const char *path
) {
3161 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
3162 * sysfs or in /dev */
3165 path_startswith(path
, "/dev/") ||
3166 path_startswith(path
, "/sys/");
3169 int dir_is_empty(const char *path
) {
3172 struct dirent buf
, *de
;
3174 if (!(d
= opendir(path
)))
3178 if ((r
= readdir_r(d
, &buf
, &de
)) > 0) {
3188 if (!ignore_file(de
->d_name
)) {
3198 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
3203 if ((fd
= open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOCTTY
)) < 0)
3206 r
= loop_read(fd
, &ull
, sizeof(ull
), true);
3207 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
3209 if (r
!= sizeof(ull
))
3215 return random() * RAND_MAX
+ random();
3218 void rename_process(const char name
[8]) {
3221 prctl(PR_SET_NAME
, name
);
3223 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). The string
3224 * passed should fit in 7 chars (i.e. the length of
3227 if (program_invocation_name
)
3228 strncpy(program_invocation_name
, name
, strlen(program_invocation_name
));
3230 if (saved_argc
> 0) {
3234 strncpy(saved_argv
[0], name
, strlen(saved_argv
[0]));
3236 for (i
= 1; i
< saved_argc
; i
++) {
3240 memset(saved_argv
[i
], 0, strlen(saved_argv
[i
]));
3245 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t
*ss
, ...) {
3252 while ((sig
= va_arg(ap
, int)) > 0)
3253 assert_se(sigaddset(ss
, sig
) == 0);
3257 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3260 assert_se(uname(&u
) >= 0);
3263 return strdup(u
.nodename
);
3265 return strdup(u
.sysname
);
3268 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3272 struct passwd pwbuf
, *pw
= NULL
;
3275 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO
, &st
) >= 0)
3280 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3282 return strdup("root");
3284 if ((bufsize
= sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX
)) <= 0)
3287 if (!(buf
= malloc(bufsize
)))
3290 if (getpwuid_r(uid
, &pwbuf
, buf
, bufsize
, &pw
) == 0 && pw
) {
3291 name
= strdup(pw
->pw_name
);
3298 if (asprintf(&name
, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid
) < 0)
3304 int getttyname_malloc(int fd
, char **r
) {
3305 char path
[PATH_MAX
], *c
;
3310 if ((k
= ttyname_r(fd
, path
, sizeof(path
))) != 0)
3315 if (!(c
= strdup(startswith(path
, "/dev/") ? path
+ 5 : path
)))
3322 int getttyname_harder(int fd
, char **r
) {
3326 if ((k
= getttyname_malloc(fd
, &s
)) < 0)
3329 if (streq(s
, "tty")) {
3331 return get_ctty(0, NULL
, r
);
3338 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid
, dev_t
*d
) {
3340 char line
[LINE_MAX
], *p
, *fn
;
3341 unsigned long ttynr
;
3344 if (asprintf(&fn
, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid
<= 0 ? getpid() : pid
)) < 0)
3347 f
= fopen(fn
, "re");
3352 if (!fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
)) {
3353 k
= feof(f
) ? -EIO
: -errno
;
3360 p
= strrchr(line
, ')');
3370 "%*d " /* session */
3379 int get_ctty(pid_t pid
, dev_t
*_devnr
, char **r
) {
3381 char fn
[PATH_MAX
], *s
, *b
, *p
;
3386 k
= get_ctty_devnr(pid
, &devnr
);
3390 snprintf(fn
, sizeof(fn
), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr
), minor(devnr
));
3393 if ((k
= readlink_malloc(fn
, &s
)) < 0) {
3398 /* This is an ugly hack */
3399 if (major(devnr
) == 136) {
3400 if (asprintf(&b
, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr
)) < 0)
3410 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3411 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3412 * vaguely useful. */
3414 if (!(b
= strdup(fn
+ 5)))
3424 if (startswith(s
, "/dev/"))
3426 else if (startswith(s
, "../"))
3444 static int rm_rf_children(int fd
, bool only_dirs
, bool honour_sticky
) {
3450 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3453 if (!(d
= fdopendir(fd
))) {
3454 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
3456 return errno
== ENOENT
? 0 : -errno
;
3460 struct dirent buf
, *de
;
3461 bool is_dir
, keep_around
= false;
3464 if ((r
= readdir_r(d
, &buf
, &de
)) != 0) {
3473 if (streq(de
->d_name
, ".") || streq(de
->d_name
, ".."))
3476 if (de
->d_type
== DT_UNKNOWN
) {
3479 if (fstatat(fd
, de
->d_name
, &st
, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
) < 0) {
3480 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3486 keep_around
= st
.st_uid
== 0 && (st
.st_mode
& S_ISVTX
);
3488 is_dir
= S_ISDIR(st
.st_mode
);
3491 if (honour_sticky
) {
3494 if (fstatat(fd
, de
->d_name
, &st
, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
) < 0) {
3495 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3500 keep_around
= st
.st_uid
== 0 && (st
.st_mode
& S_ISVTX
);
3503 is_dir
= de
->d_type
== DT_DIR
;
3509 if ((subdir_fd
= openat(fd
, de
->d_name
, O_RDONLY
|O_NONBLOCK
|O_DIRECTORY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0) {
3510 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3515 if ((r
= rm_rf_children(subdir_fd
, only_dirs
, honour_sticky
)) < 0) {
3521 if (unlinkat(fd
, de
->d_name
, AT_REMOVEDIR
) < 0) {
3522 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3526 } else if (!only_dirs
&& !keep_around
) {
3528 if (unlinkat(fd
, de
->d_name
, 0) < 0) {
3529 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3540 int rm_rf(const char *path
, bool only_dirs
, bool delete_root
, bool honour_sticky
) {
3546 if ((fd
= open(path
, O_RDONLY
|O_NONBLOCK
|O_DIRECTORY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0) {
3548 if (errno
!= ENOTDIR
)
3551 if (delete_root
&& !only_dirs
)
3552 if (unlink(path
) < 0)
3558 r
= rm_rf_children(fd
, only_dirs
, honour_sticky
);
3562 if (honour_sticky
&& file_is_sticky(path
) > 0)
3565 if (rmdir(path
) < 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
) {
3574 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path
, mode_t mode
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
3577 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3578 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3579 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3581 if (chmod(path
, mode
) < 0)
3584 if (chown(path
, uid
, gid
) < 0)
3590 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd
, mode_t mode
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
3593 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3594 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3595 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3597 if (fchmod(fd
, mode
) < 0)
3600 if (fchown(fd
, uid
, gid
) < 0)
3606 cpu_set_t
* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus
) {
3610 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3613 if (!(r
= CPU_ALLOC(n
)))
3616 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n
), r
) >= 0) {
3617 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n
), r
);
3627 if (errno
!= EINVAL
)
3634 void status_vprintf(const char *status
, bool ellipse
, const char *format
, va_list ap
) {
3635 char *s
= NULL
, *spaces
= NULL
, *e
;
3637 size_t emax
, sl
, left
;
3638 struct iovec iovec
[5];
3643 /* This independent of logging, as status messages are
3644 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3646 if (vasprintf(&s
, format
, ap
) < 0)
3649 fd
= open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
3659 sl
= 2 + 6 + 1; /* " [" status "]" */
3660 emax
= (size_t) c
> sl
? c
- sl
- 1 : 0;
3664 e
= ellipsize(s
, emax
, 75);
3672 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec
[n
++], s
);
3676 left
= emax
> sl
? emax
- sl
: 0;
3678 spaces
= malloc(left
);
3680 memset(spaces
, ' ', left
);
3681 iovec
[n
].iov_base
= spaces
;
3682 iovec
[n
].iov_len
= left
;
3689 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec
[n
++], " [");
3690 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec
[n
++], status
);
3691 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec
[n
++], "]\n");
3693 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec
[n
++], "\n");
3695 writev(fd
, iovec
, n
);
3702 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
3705 void status_printf(const char *status
, bool ellipse
, const char *format
, ...) {
3710 va_start(ap
, format
);
3711 status_vprintf(status
, ellipse
, format
, ap
);
3715 void status_welcome(void) {
3716 char *pretty_name
= NULL
, *ansi_color
= NULL
;
3717 const char *const_pretty
= NULL
, *const_color
= NULL
;
3720 if ((r
= parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE
,
3721 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name
,
3722 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color
,
3726 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3729 #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA)
3731 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/system-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3734 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/system-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3738 if (!ansi_color
&& pretty_name
) {
3740 /* This tries to mimic the color magic the old Red Hat sysinit
3743 if (startswith(pretty_name
, "Red Hat"))
3744 const_color
= "0;31"; /* Red for RHEL */
3745 else if (startswith(pretty_name
, "Fedora"))
3746 const_color
= "0;34"; /* Blue for Fedora */
3749 #elif defined(TARGET_SUSE)
3752 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/SuSE-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3755 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/SuSE-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3760 const_color
= "0;32"; /* Green for openSUSE */
3762 #elif defined(TARGET_GENTOO)
3765 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/gentoo-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3768 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/gentoo-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3773 const_color
= "1;34"; /* Light Blue for Gentoo */
3775 #elif defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX)
3778 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/altlinux-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3781 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/altlinux-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3786 const_color
= "0;36"; /* Cyan for ALTLinux */
3789 #elif defined(TARGET_DEBIAN)
3794 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/debian_version", &version
)) < 0) {
3797 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/debian_version: %s", strerror(-r
));
3799 pretty_name
= strappend("Debian ", version
);
3803 log_warning("Failed to allocate Debian version string.");
3808 const_color
= "1;31"; /* Light Red for Debian */
3810 #elif defined(TARGET_UBUNTU)
3812 if ((r
= parse_env_file("/etc/lsb-release", NEWLINE
,
3813 "DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION", &pretty_name
,
3817 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/lsb-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3821 const_color
= "0;33"; /* Orange/Brown for Ubuntu */
3823 #elif defined(TARGET_MANDRIVA)
3828 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/mandriva-release", &s
) < 0)) {
3830 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/mandriva-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3832 p
= strstr(s
, " release ");
3836 p
[strcspn(p
, " ")] = '\0';
3838 /* This corresponds to standard rc.sysinit */
3839 if (asprintf(&pretty_name
, "%s\x1B[0;39m %s", s
, p
) > 0)
3840 const_color
= "1;36";
3842 log_warning("Failed to allocate Mandriva version string.");
3844 log_warning("Failed to parse /etc/mandriva-release");
3848 #elif defined(TARGET_MEEGO)
3851 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/meego-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3854 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/meego-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3859 const_color
= "1;35"; /* Bright Magenta for MeeGo */
3862 if (!pretty_name
&& !const_pretty
)
3863 const_pretty
= "Linux";
3865 if (!ansi_color
&& !const_color
)
3870 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3871 const_color
? const_color
: ansi_color
,
3872 const_pretty
? const_pretty
: pretty_name
);
3878 char *replace_env(const char *format
, char **env
) {
3885 const char *e
, *word
= format
;
3890 for (e
= format
; *e
; e
++) {
3901 if (!(k
= strnappend(r
, word
, e
-word
-1)))
3910 } else if (*e
== '$') {
3911 if (!(k
= strnappend(r
, word
, e
-word
)))
3927 if (!(t
= strv_env_get_with_length(env
, word
+2, e
-word
-2)))
3930 if (!(k
= strappend(r
, t
)))
3943 if (!(k
= strnappend(r
, word
, e
-word
)))
3954 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv
, char **env
) {
3956 unsigned k
= 0, l
= 0;
3958 l
= strv_length(argv
);
3960 if (!(r
= new(char*, l
+1)))
3963 STRV_FOREACH(i
, argv
) {
3965 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3966 if ((*i
)[0] == '$' && (*i
)[1] != '{') {
3971 if ((e
= strv_env_get(env
, *i
+1))) {
3973 if (!(m
= strv_split_quoted(e
))) {
3984 if (!(w
= realloc(r
, sizeof(char*) * (l
+1)))) {
3993 memcpy(r
+ k
, m
, q
* sizeof(char*));
4001 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
4002 if (!(r
[k
++] = replace_env(*i
, env
))) {
4012 int fd_columns(int fd
) {
4016 if (ioctl(fd
, TIOCGWINSZ
, &ws
) < 0)
4025 unsigned columns(void) {
4026 static __thread
int parsed_columns
= 0;
4029 if (_likely_(parsed_columns
> 0))
4030 return parsed_columns
;
4032 e
= getenv("COLUMNS");
4034 parsed_columns
= atoi(e
);
4036 if (parsed_columns
<= 0)
4037 parsed_columns
= fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO
);
4039 if (parsed_columns
<= 0)
4040 parsed_columns
= 80;
4042 return parsed_columns
;
4045 int running_in_chroot(void) {
4051 /* Only works as root */
4053 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a
) < 0)
4056 if (stat("/", &b
) < 0)
4060 a
.st_dev
!= b
.st_dev
||
4061 a
.st_ino
!= b
.st_ino
;
4064 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s
, size_t old_length
, size_t new_length
, unsigned percent
) {
4069 assert(percent
<= 100);
4070 assert(new_length
>= 3);
4072 if (old_length
<= 3 || old_length
<= new_length
)
4073 return strndup(s
, old_length
);
4075 r
= new0(char, new_length
+1);
4079 x
= (new_length
* percent
) / 100;
4081 if (x
> new_length
- 3)
4089 s
+ old_length
- (new_length
- x
- 3),
4090 new_length
- x
- 3);
4095 char *ellipsize(const char *s
, size_t length
, unsigned percent
) {
4096 return ellipsize_mem(s
, strlen(s
), length
, percent
);
4099 int touch(const char *path
) {
4104 if ((fd
= open(path
, O_WRONLY
|O_CREAT
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOCTTY
, 0644)) < 0)
4107 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
4111 char *unquote(const char *s
, const char* quotes
) {
4115 if ((l
= strlen(s
)) < 2)
4118 if (strchr(quotes
, s
[0]) && s
[l
-1] == s
[0])
4119 return strndup(s
+1, l
-2);
4124 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s
) {
4125 char *name
, *value
, *p
, *r
;
4130 if (!(r
= strdup(s
)))
4136 if (!(name
= strndup(s
, p
- s
)))
4139 if (!(p
= strdup(p
+1))) {
4144 value
= unquote(strstrip(p
), QUOTES
);
4152 if (asprintf(&r
, "%s=%s", name
, value
) < 0)
4161 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid
, siginfo_t
*status
) {
4172 if (waitid(P_PID
, pid
, status
, WEXITED
) < 0) {
4184 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name
, pid_t pid
) {
4191 if ((r
= wait_for_terminate(pid
, &status
)) < 0) {
4192 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name
, strerror(-r
));
4196 if (status
.si_code
== CLD_EXITED
) {
4197 if (status
.si_status
!= 0) {
4198 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name
, status
.si_status
);
4199 return status
.si_status
;
4202 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name
);
4205 } else if (status
.si_code
== CLD_KILLED
||
4206 status
.si_code
== CLD_DUMPED
) {
4208 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name
, signal_to_string(status
.si_status
));
4212 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name
);
4219 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
4220 close_all_fds(NULL
, 0);
4228 bool null_or_empty(struct stat
*st
) {
4231 if (S_ISREG(st
->st_mode
) && st
->st_size
<= 0)
4234 if (S_ISCHR(st
->st_mode
) || S_ISBLK(st
->st_mode
))
4240 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn
) {
4245 if (stat(fn
, &st
) < 0)
4248 return null_or_empty(&st
);
4251 DIR *xopendirat(int fd
, const char *name
, int flags
) {
4255 if ((nfd
= openat(fd
, name
, O_RDONLY
|O_NONBLOCK
|O_DIRECTORY
|O_CLOEXEC
|flags
)) < 0)
4258 if (!(d
= fdopendir(nfd
))) {
4259 close_nointr_nofail(nfd
);
4266 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s
) {
4270 if ((signo
= signal_from_string(s
)) <= 0)
4271 if (startswith(s
, "SIG"))
4272 return signal_from_string(s
+3);
4277 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f
, const char *name
, dual_timestamp
*t
) {
4283 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t
))
4286 fprintf(f
, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4288 (unsigned long long) t
->realtime
,
4289 (unsigned long long) t
->monotonic
);
4292 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value
, dual_timestamp
*t
) {
4293 unsigned long long a
, b
;
4298 if (sscanf(value
, "%lli %llu", &a
, &b
) != 2)
4299 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value
);
4306 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p
) {
4310 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4311 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4313 if (startswith(p
, "LABEL=")) {
4315 if (!(u
= unquote(p
+6, "\"\'")))
4318 t
= xescape(u
, "/ ");
4324 r
= asprintf(&dn
, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t
);
4333 if (startswith(p
, "UUID=")) {
4335 if (!(u
= unquote(p
+5, "\"\'")))
4338 t
= xescape(u
, "/ ");
4344 r
= asprintf(&dn
, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t
);
4356 void filter_environ(const char *prefix
) {
4363 for (i
= 0, j
= 0; environ
[i
]; i
++) {
4365 if (startswith(environ
[i
], prefix
))
4368 environ
[j
++] = environ
[i
];
4374 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty
) {
4377 if (startswith(tty
, "/dev/"))
4380 return vtnr_from_tty(tty
) >= 0;
4383 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty
) {
4388 if (startswith(tty
, "/dev/"))
4391 if (!startswith(tty
, "tty") )
4394 if (tty
[3] < '0' || tty
[3] > '9')
4397 r
= safe_atoi(tty
+3, &i
);
4401 if (i
< 0 || i
> 63)
4407 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty
) {
4408 char *active
= NULL
;
4413 if (startswith(tty
, "/dev/"))
4416 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to */
4417 if (streq(tty
, "console"))
4418 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active
) >= 0) {
4419 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4420 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4421 tty
= strrchr(active
, ' ');
4434 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty
) {
4437 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty
) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt100";
4440 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent
*de
) {
4443 if (ignore_file(de
->d_name
))
4446 if (de
->d_type
!= DT_REG
&&
4447 de
->d_type
!= DT_LNK
&&
4448 de
->d_type
!= DT_UNKNOWN
)
4454 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent
*de
, const char *suffix
) {
4457 if (!dirent_is_file(de
))
4460 return endswith(de
->d_name
, suffix
);
4463 void execute_directory(const char *directory
, DIR *d
, char *argv
[]) {
4466 Hashmap
*pids
= NULL
;
4470 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4471 * until all they all finished. */
4474 if (!(_d
= opendir(directory
))) {
4476 if (errno
== ENOENT
)
4479 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory
);
4486 if (!(pids
= hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func
, trivial_compare_func
))) {
4487 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4491 while ((de
= readdir(d
))) {
4496 if (!dirent_is_file(de
))
4499 if (asprintf(&path
, "%s/%s", directory
, de
->d_name
) < 0) {
4500 log_error("Out of memory");
4504 if ((pid
= fork()) < 0) {
4505 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4524 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path
);
4525 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
4528 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path
, (unsigned long) pid
);
4530 if ((k
= hashmap_put(pids
, UINT_TO_PTR(pid
), path
)) < 0) {
4531 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k
));
4536 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids
)) {
4541 if (waitid(P_ALL
, 0, &si
, WEXITED
) < 0) {
4546 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4550 if ((path
= hashmap_remove(pids
, UINT_TO_PTR(si
.si_pid
)))) {
4551 if (!is_clean_exit(si
.si_code
, si
.si_status
)) {
4552 if (si
.si_code
== CLD_EXITED
)
4553 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path
, si
.si_status
);
4555 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path
, signal_to_string(si
.si_status
));
4557 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path
);
4568 hashmap_free_free(pids
);
4571 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid
, int sig
) {
4574 r
= kill(pid
, sig
) < 0 ? -errno
: 0;
4582 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr
, const char *needle
) {
4588 NULSTR_FOREACH(i
, nulstr
)
4589 if (streq(i
, needle
))
4595 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4596 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK
) >= 0;
4599 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p
, int *priority
) {
4600 int a
= 0, b
= 0, c
= 0;
4610 if (!strchr(*p
, '>'))
4613 if ((*p
)[2] == '>') {
4614 c
= undecchar((*p
)[1]);
4616 } else if ((*p
)[3] == '>') {
4617 b
= undecchar((*p
)[1]);
4618 c
= undecchar((*p
)[2]);
4620 } else if ((*p
)[4] == '>') {
4621 a
= undecchar((*p
)[1]);
4622 b
= undecchar((*p
)[2]);
4623 c
= undecchar((*p
)[3]);
4628 if (a
< 0 || b
< 0 || c
< 0)
4631 *priority
= a
*100+b
*10+c
;
4635 void skip_syslog_pid(char **buf
) {
4647 p
+= strspn(p
, "0123456789");
4657 void skip_syslog_date(char **buf
) {
4665 LETTER
, LETTER
, LETTER
,
4667 SPACE_OR_NUMBER
, NUMBER
,
4669 SPACE_OR_NUMBER
, NUMBER
,
4671 SPACE_OR_NUMBER
, NUMBER
,
4673 SPACE_OR_NUMBER
, NUMBER
,
4685 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(sequence
); i
++, p
++) {
4690 switch (sequence
[i
]) {
4697 case SPACE_OR_NUMBER
:
4704 if (*p
< '0' || *p
> '9')
4710 if (!(*p
>= 'A' && *p
<= 'Z') &&
4711 !(*p
>= 'a' && *p
<= 'z'))
4727 int have_effective_cap(int value
) {
4729 cap_flag_value_t fv
;
4732 if (!(cap
= cap_get_proc()))
4735 if (cap_get_flag(cap
, value
, CAP_EFFECTIVE
, &fv
) < 0)
4744 char* strshorten(char *s
, size_t l
) {
4753 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c
) {
4755 (c
>= 'a' && c
<= 'z') ||
4756 (c
>= 'A' && c
<= 'Z') ||
4757 (c
>= '0' && c
<= '9') ||
4763 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s
) {
4769 for (p
= s
; *p
; p
++)
4770 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p
))
4773 if (p
-s
> HOST_NAME_MAX
)
4779 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s
) {
4782 for (p
= s
, d
= s
; *p
; p
++)
4783 if ((*p
>= 'a' && *p
<= 'z') ||
4784 (*p
>= 'A' && *p
<= 'Z') ||
4785 (*p
>= '0' && *p
<= '9') ||
4793 strshorten(s
, HOST_NAME_MAX
);
4797 int pipe_eof(int fd
) {
4798 struct pollfd pollfd
;
4803 pollfd
.events
= POLLIN
|POLLHUP
;
4805 r
= poll(&pollfd
, 1, 0);
4812 return pollfd
.revents
& POLLHUP
;
4815 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd
, int event
) {
4816 struct pollfd pollfd
;
4821 pollfd
.events
= event
;
4823 r
= poll(&pollfd
, 1, -1);
4830 return pollfd
.revents
;
4833 int fopen_temporary(const char *path
, FILE **_f
, char **_temp_path
) {
4844 t
= new(char, strlen(path
) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4848 fn
= file_name_from_path(path
);
4852 stpcpy(stpcpy(t
+k
+1, fn
), "XXXXXX");
4854 fd
= mkostemp(t
, O_WRONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4860 f
= fdopen(fd
, "we");
4873 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd
) {
4876 if (ioctl(fd
, TIOCVHANGUP
) < 0)
4882 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name
) {
4885 fd
= open_terminal(name
, O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4889 r
= terminal_vhangup_fd(fd
);
4890 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
4895 int vt_disallocate(const char *name
) {
4899 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4900 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4901 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4903 if (!startswith(name
, "/dev/"))
4906 if (!tty_is_vc(name
)) {
4907 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4908 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4910 fd
= open_terminal(name
, O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4915 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4916 "\033[H" /* move home */
4917 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4919 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
4924 if (!startswith(name
, "/dev/tty"))
4927 r
= safe_atou(name
+8, &u
);
4934 /* Try to deallocate */
4935 fd
= open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4939 r
= ioctl(fd
, VT_DISALLOCATE
, u
);
4940 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
4948 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4950 fd
= open_terminal(name
, O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4955 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4956 "\033[H" /* move home */
4957 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4959 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
4964 static int files_add(Hashmap
*h
, const char *path
, const char *suffix
) {
4966 struct dirent buffer
, *de
;
4969 dir
= opendir(path
);
4971 if (errno
== ENOENT
)
4980 k
= readdir_r(dir
, &buffer
, &de
);
4989 if (!dirent_is_file_with_suffix(de
, suffix
))
4992 if (asprintf(&p
, "%s/%s", path
, de
->d_name
) < 0) {
4997 f
= canonicalize_file_name(p
);
4999 log_error("Failed to canonicalize file name '%s': %m", p
);
5005 log_debug("found: %s\n", f
);
5006 if (hashmap_put(h
, file_name_from_path(f
), f
) <= 0)
5015 static int base_cmp(const void *a
, const void *b
) {
5016 const char *s1
, *s2
;
5018 s1
= *(char * const *)a
;
5019 s2
= *(char * const *)b
;
5020 return strcmp(file_name_from_path(s1
), file_name_from_path(s2
));
5023 int conf_files_list(char ***strv
, const char *suffix
, const char *dir
, ...) {
5026 char **files
= NULL
;
5032 dirs
= strv_new_ap(dir
, ap
);
5038 if (!strv_path_canonicalize(dirs
)) {
5042 if (!strv_uniq(dirs
)) {
5047 fh
= hashmap_new(string_hash_func
, string_compare_func
);
5053 STRV_FOREACH(p
, dirs
) {
5054 if (files_add(fh
, *p
, suffix
) < 0) {
5055 log_error("Failed to search for files.");
5061 files
= hashmap_get_strv(fh
);
5062 if (files
== NULL
) {
5063 log_error("Failed to compose list of files.");
5068 qsort(files
, hashmap_size(fh
), sizeof(char *), base_cmp
);
5077 int hwclock_is_localtime(void) {
5082 * The third line of adjtime is "UTC" or "LOCAL" or nothing.
5088 f
= fopen("/etc/adjtime", "re");
5090 char line
[LINE_MAX
];
5093 b
= fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
) &&
5094 fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
) &&
5095 fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
);
5104 local
= streq(line
, "LOCAL");
5106 } else if (errno
!= -ENOENT
)
5112 int hwclock_apply_localtime_delta(int *min
) {
5113 const struct timeval
*tv_null
= NULL
;
5119 assert_se(clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME
, &ts
) == 0);
5120 assert_se(tm
= localtime(&ts
.tv_sec
));
5121 minuteswest
= tm
->tm_gmtoff
/ 60;
5123 tz
.tz_minuteswest
= -minuteswest
;
5124 tz
.tz_dsttime
= 0; /* DST_NONE*/
5127 * If the hardware clock does not run in UTC, but in local time:
5128 * The very first time we set the kernel's timezone, it will warp
5129 * the clock so that it runs in UTC instead of local time.
5131 if (settimeofday(tv_null
, &tz
) < 0)
5138 int hwclock_reset_localtime_delta(void) {
5139 const struct timeval
*tv_null
= NULL
;
5142 tz
.tz_minuteswest
= 0;
5143 tz
.tz_dsttime
= 0; /* DST_NONE*/
5145 if (settimeofday(tv_null
, &tz
) < 0)
5151 int hwclock_get_time(struct tm
*tm
) {
5157 fd
= open("/dev/rtc0", O_RDONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
5161 /* This leaves the timezone fields of struct tm
5163 if (ioctl(fd
, RTC_RD_TIME
, tm
) < 0)
5166 /* We don't now daylight saving, so we reset this in order not
5167 * to confused mktime(). */
5170 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
5175 int hwclock_set_time(const struct tm
*tm
) {
5181 fd
= open("/dev/rtc0", O_RDONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
5185 if (ioctl(fd
, RTC_SET_TIME
, tm
) < 0)
5188 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
5193 int copy_file(const char *from
, const char *to
) {
5199 fdf
= open(from
, O_RDONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOCTTY
);
5203 fdt
= open(to
, O_WRONLY
|O_CREAT
|O_EXCL
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOCTTY
, 0644);
5205 close_nointr_nofail(fdf
);
5213 n
= read(fdf
, buf
, sizeof(buf
));
5217 close_nointr_nofail(fdf
);
5228 k
= loop_write(fdt
, buf
, n
, false);
5230 r
= k
< 0 ? k
: (errno
? -errno
: -EIO
);
5232 close_nointr_nofail(fdf
);
5240 close_nointr_nofail(fdf
);
5241 r
= close_nointr(fdt
);
5251 int symlink_or_copy(const char *from
, const char *to
) {
5252 char *pf
= NULL
, *pt
= NULL
;
5259 if (parent_of_path(from
, &pf
) < 0 ||
5260 parent_of_path(to
, &pt
) < 0) {
5265 if (stat(pf
, &a
) < 0 ||
5271 if (a
.st_dev
!= b
.st_dev
) {
5275 return copy_file(from
, to
);
5278 if (symlink(from
, to
) < 0) {
5292 int symlink_or_copy_atomic(const char *from
, const char *to
) {
5296 unsigned long long ull
;
5303 t
= new(char, strlen(to
) + 1 + 16 + 1);
5307 fn
= file_name_from_path(to
);
5311 x
= stpcpy(t
+k
+1, fn
);
5314 for (i
= 0; i
< 16; i
++) {
5315 *(x
++) = hexchar(ull
& 0xF);
5321 r
= symlink_or_copy(from
, t
);
5328 if (rename(t
, to
) < 0) {
5339 int audit_session_from_pid(pid_t pid
, uint32_t *id
) {
5346 if (have_effective_cap(CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL
) <= 0)
5350 r
= read_one_line_file("/proc/self/sessionid", &s
);
5354 if (asprintf(&p
, "/proc/%lu/sessionid", (unsigned long) pid
) < 0)
5357 r
= read_one_line_file(p
, &s
);
5364 r
= safe_atou32(s
, &u
);
5370 if (u
== (uint32_t) -1 || u
<= 0)
5377 int audit_loginuid_from_pid(pid_t pid
, uid_t
*uid
) {
5384 /* Only use audit login uid if we are executed with sufficient
5385 * capabilities so that pam_loginuid could do its job. If we
5386 * are lacking the CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL capabality we most likely
5387 * are being run in a container and /proc/self/loginuid is
5388 * useless since it probably contains a uid of the host
5391 if (have_effective_cap(CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL
) <= 0)
5395 r
= read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &s
);
5399 if (asprintf(&p
, "/proc/%lu/loginuid", (unsigned long) pid
) < 0)
5402 r
= read_one_line_file(p
, &s
);
5409 r
= parse_uid(s
, &u
);
5415 if (u
== (uid_t
) -1)
5422 bool display_is_local(const char *display
) {
5426 display
[0] == ':' &&
5427 display
[1] >= '0' &&
5431 int socket_from_display(const char *display
, char **path
) {
5438 if (!display_is_local(display
))
5441 k
= strspn(display
+1, "0123456789");
5443 f
= new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k
);
5447 c
= stpcpy(f
, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
5448 memcpy(c
, display
+1, k
);
5456 int get_user_creds(const char **username
, uid_t
*uid
, gid_t
*gid
, const char **home
) {
5463 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
5464 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
5466 if (streq(*username
, "root") || streq(*username
, "0")) {
5480 if (parse_uid(*username
, &u
) >= 0) {
5484 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
5485 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
5486 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
5487 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
5488 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
5490 *username
= p
->pw_name
;
5493 p
= getpwnam(*username
);
5497 return errno
!= 0 ? -errno
: -ESRCH
;
5511 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname
, gid_t
*gid
) {
5517 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
5518 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
5520 if (streq(*groupname
, "root") || streq(*groupname
, "0")) {
5521 *groupname
= "root";
5529 if (parse_gid(*groupname
, &id
) >= 0) {
5534 *groupname
= g
->gr_name
;
5537 g
= getgrnam(*groupname
);
5541 return errno
!= 0 ? -errno
: -ESRCH
;
5549 int glob_exists(const char *path
) {
5557 k
= glob(path
, GLOB_NOSORT
|GLOB_BRACE
, NULL
, &g
);
5559 if (k
== GLOB_NOMATCH
)
5561 else if (k
== GLOB_NOSPACE
)
5564 r
= !strv_isempty(g
.gl_pathv
);
5566 r
= errno
? -errno
: -EIO
;
5573 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d
, struct dirent
*de
) {
5579 if (de
->d_type
!= DT_UNKNOWN
)
5582 if (fstatat(dirfd(d
), de
->d_name
, &st
, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
) < 0)
5586 S_ISREG(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_REG
:
5587 S_ISDIR(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_DIR
:
5588 S_ISLNK(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_LNK
:
5589 S_ISFIFO(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_FIFO
:
5590 S_ISSOCK(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_SOCK
:
5591 S_ISCHR(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_CHR
:
5592 S_ISBLK(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_BLK
:
5598 int in_search_path(const char *path
, char **search
) {
5602 r
= parent_of_path(path
, &parent
);
5608 STRV_FOREACH(i
, search
) {
5609 if (path_equal(parent
, *i
)) {
5620 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path
, char ***list
) {
5628 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
5629 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
5637 struct dirent buffer
, *de
;
5640 k
= readdir_r(d
, &buffer
, &de
);
5649 dirent_ensure_type(d
, de
);
5651 if (!dirent_is_file(de
))
5655 if ((unsigned) r
>= n
) {
5659 t
= realloc(l
, sizeof(char*) * n
);
5668 assert((unsigned) r
< n
);
5670 l
[r
] = strdup(de
->d_name
);
5694 char *join(const char *x
, ...) {
5707 t
= va_arg(ap
, const char *);
5730 t
= va_arg(ap
, const char *);
5744 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5745 static __thread
int cached
= 0;
5747 if (_unlikely_(cached
== 0))
5748 cached
= getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5753 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d
, dev_t
*ret
) {
5760 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5761 if (asprintf(&p
, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d
), minor(d
)) < 0)
5764 r
= access(p
, F_OK
);
5772 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5773 if (asprintf(&p
, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d
), minor(d
)) < 0)
5776 r
= access(p
, F_OK
);
5782 /* Get parent dev_t */
5783 if (asprintf(&p
, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d
), minor(d
)) < 0)
5786 r
= read_one_line_file(p
, &s
);
5792 r
= sscanf(s
, "%u:%u", &m
, &n
);
5798 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5799 if (asprintf(&p
, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m
, n
) < 0)
5802 r
= access(p
, F_OK
);
5806 *ret
= makedev(m
, n
);
5813 int file_is_sticky(const char *p
) {
5818 if (lstat(p
, &st
) < 0)
5823 (st
.st_mode
& S_ISVTX
);
5826 static const char *const ioprio_class_table
[] = {
5827 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE
] = "none",
5828 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT
] = "realtime",
5829 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE
] = "best-effort",
5830 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE
] = "idle"
5833 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class
, int);
5835 static const char *const sigchld_code_table
[] = {
5836 [CLD_EXITED
] = "exited",
5837 [CLD_KILLED
] = "killed",
5838 [CLD_DUMPED
] = "dumped",
5839 [CLD_TRAPPED
] = "trapped",
5840 [CLD_STOPPED
] = "stopped",
5841 [CLD_CONTINUED
] = "continued",
5844 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code
, int);
5846 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table
[LOG_NFACILITIES
] = {
5847 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN
)] = "kern",
5848 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER
)] = "user",
5849 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL
)] = "mail",
5850 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON
)] = "daemon",
5851 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH
)] = "auth",
5852 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG
)] = "syslog",
5853 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR
)] = "lpr",
5854 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS
)] = "news",
5855 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP
)] = "uucp",
5856 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON
)] = "cron",
5857 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV
)] = "authpriv",
5858 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP
)] = "ftp",
5859 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0
)] = "local0",
5860 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1
)] = "local1",
5861 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2
)] = "local2",
5862 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3
)] = "local3",
5863 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4
)] = "local4",
5864 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5
)] = "local5",
5865 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6
)] = "local6",
5866 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7
)] = "local7"
5869 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted
, int);
5871 static const char *const log_level_table
[] = {
5872 [LOG_EMERG
] = "emerg",
5873 [LOG_ALERT
] = "alert",
5874 [LOG_CRIT
] = "crit",
5876 [LOG_WARNING
] = "warning",
5877 [LOG_NOTICE
] = "notice",
5878 [LOG_INFO
] = "info",
5879 [LOG_DEBUG
] = "debug"
5882 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level
, int);
5884 static const char* const sched_policy_table
[] = {
5885 [SCHED_OTHER
] = "other",
5886 [SCHED_BATCH
] = "batch",
5887 [SCHED_IDLE
] = "idle",
5888 [SCHED_FIFO
] = "fifo",
5892 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy
, int);
5894 static const char* const rlimit_table
[] = {
5895 [RLIMIT_CPU
] = "LimitCPU",
5896 [RLIMIT_FSIZE
] = "LimitFSIZE",
5897 [RLIMIT_DATA
] = "LimitDATA",
5898 [RLIMIT_STACK
] = "LimitSTACK",
5899 [RLIMIT_CORE
] = "LimitCORE",
5900 [RLIMIT_RSS
] = "LimitRSS",
5901 [RLIMIT_NOFILE
] = "LimitNOFILE",
5902 [RLIMIT_AS
] = "LimitAS",
5903 [RLIMIT_NPROC
] = "LimitNPROC",
5904 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5905 [RLIMIT_LOCKS
] = "LimitLOCKS",
5906 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5907 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE
] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5908 [RLIMIT_NICE
] = "LimitNICE",
5909 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO
] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5910 [RLIMIT_RTTIME
] = "LimitRTTIME"
5913 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit
, int);
5915 static const char* const ip_tos_table
[] = {
5916 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY
] = "low-delay",
5917 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT
] = "throughput",
5918 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY
] = "reliability",
5919 [IPTOS_LOWCOST
] = "low-cost",
5922 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos
, int);
5924 static const char *const __signal_table
[] = {
5941 [SIGSTKFLT
] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5952 [SIGVTALRM
] = "VTALRM",
5954 [SIGWINCH
] = "WINCH",
5960 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal
, int);
5962 const char *signal_to_string(int signo
) {
5963 static __thread
char buf
[12];
5966 name
= __signal_to_string(signo
);
5970 if (signo
>= SIGRTMIN
&& signo
<= SIGRTMAX
)
5971 snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo
- SIGRTMIN
);
5973 snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
) - 1, "%d", signo
);
5978 int signal_from_string(const char *s
) {
5983 signo
=__signal_from_string(s
);
5987 if (startswith(s
, "RTMIN+")) {
5991 if (safe_atou(s
, &u
) >= 0) {
5992 signo
= (int) u
+ offset
;
5993 if (signo
> 0 && signo
< _NSIG
)
5999 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
6000 bool loaded
= false;
6003 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s
) >= 0) {
6011 int strdup_or_null(const char *a
, char **b
) {
6029 int prot_from_flags(int flags
) {
6031 switch (flags
& O_ACCMODE
) {
6040 return PROT_READ
|PROT_WRITE
;
6047 unsigned long cap_last_cap(void) {
6048 static __thread
unsigned long saved
;
6049 static __thread
bool valid
= false;
6055 p
= (unsigned long) CAP_LAST_CAP
;
6057 if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ
, p
) < 0) {
6059 /* Hmm, look downwards, until we find one that
6061 for (p
--; p
> 0; p
--)
6062 if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ
, p
) >= 0)
6067 /* Hmm, look upwards, until we find one that doesn't
6070 if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ
, p
+1) < 0)
6080 char *format_bytes(char *buf
, size_t l
, off_t t
) {
6083 static const struct {
6087 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
6088 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
6089 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
6090 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
6091 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
6095 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(table
); i
++) {
6097 if (t
>= table
[i
].factor
) {
6100 (unsigned long long) (t
/ table
[i
].factor
),
6101 (unsigned long long) (((t
*10ULL) / table
[i
].factor
) % 10ULL),
6108 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t
);
6116 void* memdup(const void *p
, size_t l
) {