1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
53 #include <sys/capability.h>
55 #include <linux/rtc.h>
66 #include "exit-status.h"
70 char **saved_argv
= NULL
;
72 size_t page_size(void) {
73 static __thread
size_t pgsz
= 0;
79 assert_se((r
= sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE
)) > 0);
86 bool streq_ptr(const char *a
, const char *b
) {
88 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
99 usec_t
now(clockid_t clock_id
) {
102 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id
, &ts
) == 0);
104 return timespec_load(&ts
);
107 dual_timestamp
* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp
*ts
) {
110 ts
->realtime
= now(CLOCK_REALTIME
);
111 ts
->monotonic
= now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC
);
116 dual_timestamp
* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp
*ts
, usec_t u
) {
125 delta
= (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME
) - (int64_t) u
;
127 ts
->monotonic
= now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC
);
129 if ((int64_t) ts
->monotonic
> delta
)
130 ts
->monotonic
-= delta
;
138 usec_t
timespec_load(const struct timespec
*ts
) {
142 (usec_t
) ts
->tv_sec
* USEC_PER_SEC
+
143 (usec_t
) ts
->tv_nsec
/ NSEC_PER_USEC
;
146 struct timespec
*timespec_store(struct timespec
*ts
, usec_t u
) {
149 ts
->tv_sec
= (time_t) (u
/ USEC_PER_SEC
);
150 ts
->tv_nsec
= (long int) ((u
% USEC_PER_SEC
) * NSEC_PER_USEC
);
155 usec_t
timeval_load(const struct timeval
*tv
) {
159 (usec_t
) tv
->tv_sec
* USEC_PER_SEC
+
160 (usec_t
) tv
->tv_usec
;
163 struct timeval
*timeval_store(struct timeval
*tv
, usec_t u
) {
166 tv
->tv_sec
= (time_t) (u
/ USEC_PER_SEC
);
167 tv
->tv_usec
= (suseconds_t
) (u
% USEC_PER_SEC
);
172 bool endswith(const char *s
, const char *postfix
) {
179 pl
= strlen(postfix
);
187 return memcmp(s
+ sl
- pl
, postfix
, pl
) == 0;
190 bool startswith(const char *s
, const char *prefix
) {
205 return memcmp(s
, prefix
, pl
) == 0;
208 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s
, const char *prefix
) {
224 for(i
= 0; i
< pl
; ++i
) {
225 if (tolower(s
[i
]) != tolower(prefix
[i
]))
232 bool first_word(const char *s
, const char *word
) {
247 if (memcmp(s
, word
, wl
) != 0)
251 strchr(WHITESPACE
, s
[wl
]);
254 int close_nointr(int fd
) {
269 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd
) {
270 int saved_errno
= errno
;
272 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
275 assert_se(close_nointr(fd
) == 0);
280 void close_many(const int fds
[], unsigned n_fd
) {
283 for (i
= 0; i
< n_fd
; i
++)
284 close_nointr_nofail(fds
[i
]);
287 int parse_boolean(const char *v
) {
290 if (streq(v
, "1") || v
[0] == 'y' || v
[0] == 'Y' || v
[0] == 't' || v
[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v
, "on"))
292 else if (streq(v
, "0") || v
[0] == 'n' || v
[0] == 'N' || v
[0] == 'f' || v
[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v
, "off"))
298 int parse_pid(const char *s
, pid_t
* ret_pid
) {
299 unsigned long ul
= 0;
306 if ((r
= safe_atolu(s
, &ul
)) < 0)
311 if ((unsigned long) pid
!= ul
)
321 int parse_uid(const char *s
, uid_t
* ret_uid
) {
322 unsigned long ul
= 0;
329 if ((r
= safe_atolu(s
, &ul
)) < 0)
334 if ((unsigned long) uid
!= ul
)
341 int safe_atou(const char *s
, unsigned *ret_u
) {
349 l
= strtoul(s
, &x
, 0);
351 if (!x
|| *x
|| errno
)
352 return errno
? -errno
: -EINVAL
;
354 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l
!= l
)
357 *ret_u
= (unsigned) l
;
361 int safe_atoi(const char *s
, int *ret_i
) {
369 l
= strtol(s
, &x
, 0);
371 if (!x
|| *x
|| errno
)
372 return errno
? -errno
: -EINVAL
;
374 if ((long) (int) l
!= l
)
381 int safe_atollu(const char *s
, long long unsigned *ret_llu
) {
383 unsigned long long l
;
389 l
= strtoull(s
, &x
, 0);
391 if (!x
|| *x
|| errno
)
392 return errno
? -errno
: -EINVAL
;
398 int safe_atolli(const char *s
, long long int *ret_lli
) {
406 l
= strtoll(s
, &x
, 0);
408 if (!x
|| *x
|| errno
)
409 return errno
? -errno
: -EINVAL
;
415 /* Split a string into words. */
416 char *split(const char *c
, size_t *l
, const char *separator
, char **state
) {
419 current
= *state
? *state
: (char*) c
;
421 if (!*current
|| *c
== 0)
424 current
+= strspn(current
, separator
);
425 *l
= strcspn(current
, separator
);
428 return (char*) current
;
431 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
432 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
433 char *split_quoted(const char *c
, size_t *l
, char **state
) {
435 bool escaped
= false;
437 current
= *state
? *state
: (char*) c
;
439 if (!*current
|| *c
== 0)
442 current
+= strspn(current
, WHITESPACE
);
444 if (*current
== '\'') {
447 for (e
= current
; *e
; e
++) {
457 *state
= *e
== 0 ? e
: e
+1;
458 } else if (*current
== '\"') {
461 for (e
= current
; *e
; e
++) {
471 *state
= *e
== 0 ? e
: e
+1;
473 for (e
= current
; *e
; e
++) {
478 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE
, *e
))
485 return (char*) current
;
488 char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p
) {
492 if (!(l
= strv_split(p
, ":")))
495 if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l
)) {
503 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid
, pid_t
*_ppid
) {
506 char fn
[PATH_MAX
], line
[LINE_MAX
], *p
;
512 assert_se(snprintf(fn
, sizeof(fn
)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid
) < (int) (sizeof(fn
)-1));
515 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "re")))
518 if (!(fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
))) {
526 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
527 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
528 * skip over it manually */
530 if (!(p
= strrchr(line
, ')')))
541 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t
) ppid
!= ppid
)
544 *_ppid
= (pid_t
) ppid
;
549 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid
, unsigned long long *st
) {
552 char fn
[PATH_MAX
], line
[LINE_MAX
], *p
;
557 assert_se(snprintf(fn
, sizeof(fn
)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid
) < (int) (sizeof(fn
)-1));
560 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "re")))
563 if (!(fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
))) {
571 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
572 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
573 * skip over it manually */
575 if (!(p
= strrchr(line
, ')')))
596 "%*d " /* priority */
598 "%*d " /* num_threads */
599 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
600 "%llu " /* starttime */,
607 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn
, const char *line
) {
614 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "we")))
618 if (fputs(line
, f
) < 0) {
623 if (!endswith(line
, "\n"))
641 int fchmod_umask(int fd
, mode_t m
) {
646 r
= fchmod(fd
, m
& (~u
)) < 0 ? -errno
: 0;
652 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn
, const char *line
) {
660 r
= fopen_temporary(fn
, &f
, &p
);
664 fchmod_umask(fileno(f
), 0644);
667 if (fputs(line
, f
) < 0) {
672 if (!endswith(line
, "\n"))
683 if (rename(p
, fn
) < 0)
699 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn
, char **line
) {
702 char t
[LINE_MAX
], *c
;
707 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "re")))
710 if (!(fgets(t
, sizeof(t
), f
))) {
715 if (!(c
= strdup(t
))) {
730 int read_full_file(const char *fn
, char **contents
, size_t *size
) {
737 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "re")))
740 if (fstat(fileno(f
), &st
) < 0) {
746 if (st
.st_size
> 4*1024*1024) {
751 n
= st
.st_size
> 0 ? st
.st_size
: LINE_MAX
;
758 if (!(t
= realloc(buf
, n
+1))) {
764 k
= fread(buf
+ l
, 1, n
- l
, f
);
779 if (n
> 4*1024*1024) {
803 const char *separator
, ...) {
806 char *contents
= NULL
, *p
;
811 if ((r
= read_full_file(fname
, &contents
, NULL
)) < 0)
816 const char *key
= NULL
;
818 p
+= strspn(p
, separator
);
819 p
+= strspn(p
, WHITESPACE
);
824 if (!strchr(COMMENTS
, *p
)) {
828 va_start(ap
, separator
);
829 while ((key
= va_arg(ap
, char *))) {
833 value
= va_arg(ap
, char **);
836 if (strncmp(p
, key
, n
) != 0 ||
841 n
= strcspn(p
, separator
);
844 strchr(QUOTES
, p
[0]) &&
846 v
= strndup(p
+1, n
-2);
857 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
874 p
+= strcspn(p
, separator
);
893 if (!(f
= fopen(fname
, "re")))
897 char l
[LINE_MAX
], *p
, *u
;
900 if (!fgets(l
, sizeof(l
), f
)) {
913 if (strchr(COMMENTS
, *p
))
916 if (!(u
= normalize_env_assignment(p
))) {
917 log_error("Out of memory");
922 t
= strv_append(m
, u
);
926 log_error("Out of memory");
949 int write_env_file(const char *fname
, char **l
) {
954 r
= fopen_temporary(fname
, &f
, &p
);
958 fchmod_umask(fileno(f
), 0644);
974 if (rename(p
, fname
) < 0)
989 char *truncate_nl(char *s
) {
992 s
[strcspn(s
, NEWLINE
)] = 0;
996 int get_process_name(pid_t pid
, char **name
) {
1003 if (asprintf(&p
, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid
) < 0)
1006 r
= read_one_line_file(p
, name
);
1015 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid
, size_t max_length
, char **line
) {
1023 assert(max_length
> 0);
1026 if (asprintf(&p
, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid
) < 0)
1035 if (!(r
= new(char, max_length
))) {
1042 while ((c
= getc(f
)) != EOF
) {
1064 size_t n
= MIN(left
-1, 3U);
1065 memcpy(k
, "...", n
);
1072 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1079 if ((h
= get_process_name(pid
, &t
)) < 0)
1082 h
= asprintf(&r
, "[%s]", t
);
1093 char *strnappend(const char *s
, const char *suffix
, size_t b
) {
1101 return strndup(suffix
, b
);
1111 if (!(r
= new(char, a
+b
+1)))
1115 memcpy(r
+a
, suffix
, b
);
1121 char *strappend(const char *s
, const char *suffix
) {
1122 return strnappend(s
, suffix
, suffix
? strlen(suffix
) : 0);
1125 int readlink_malloc(const char *p
, char **r
) {
1135 if (!(c
= new(char, l
)))
1138 if ((n
= readlink(p
, c
, l
-1)) < 0) {
1144 if ((size_t) n
< l
-1) {
1155 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p
, char **r
) {
1162 if ((j
= readlink_malloc(p
, &target
)) < 0)
1165 k
= file_in_same_dir(p
, target
);
1175 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p
, char **r
) {
1182 j
= readlink_and_make_absolute(p
, &t
);
1186 s
= canonicalize_file_name(t
);
1193 path_kill_slashes(*r
);
1198 int parent_of_path(const char *path
, char **_r
) {
1199 const char *e
, *a
= NULL
, *b
= NULL
, *p
;
1209 for (e
= path
; *e
; e
++) {
1211 if (!slash
&& *e
== '/') {
1215 } else if (slash
&& *e
!= '/')
1230 r
= strndup(path
, p
-path
);
1240 char *file_name_from_path(const char *p
) {
1245 if ((r
= strrchr(p
, '/')))
1251 bool path_is_absolute(const char *p
) {
1257 bool is_path(const char *p
) {
1259 return !!strchr(p
, '/');
1262 char *path_make_absolute(const char *p
, const char *prefix
) {
1265 /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
1266 * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
1268 if (path_is_absolute(p
) || !prefix
)
1271 return join(prefix
, "/", p
, NULL
);
1274 char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p
) {
1279 /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
1280 * current working directory. */
1282 if (path_is_absolute(p
))
1285 if (!(cwd
= get_current_dir_name()))
1288 r
= path_make_absolute(p
, cwd
);
1294 char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l
) {
1297 /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
1298 * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
1299 * changes on failure. */
1301 STRV_FOREACH(s
, l
) {
1304 if (!(t
= path_make_absolute_cwd(*s
)))
1314 char **strv_path_canonicalize(char **l
) {
1317 bool enomem
= false;
1319 if (strv_isempty(l
))
1322 /* Goes through every item in the string list and canonicalize
1323 * the path. This works in place and won't rollback any
1324 * changes on failure. */
1326 STRV_FOREACH(s
, l
) {
1329 t
= path_make_absolute_cwd(*s
);
1338 u
= canonicalize_file_name(t
);
1342 if (errno
== ENOMEM
|| !errno
)
1359 char **strv_path_remove_empty(char **l
) {
1365 for (f
= t
= l
; *f
; f
++) {
1367 if (dir_is_empty(*f
) > 0) {
1379 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1382 for (sig
= 1; sig
< _NSIG
; sig
++) {
1383 struct sigaction sa
;
1385 if (sig
== SIGKILL
|| sig
== SIGSTOP
)
1389 sa
.sa_handler
= SIG_DFL
;
1390 sa
.sa_flags
= SA_RESTART
;
1392 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1393 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1394 if ((sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0))
1395 if (errno
!= EINVAL
)
1402 char *strstrip(char *s
) {
1405 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1406 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1408 s
+= strspn(s
, WHITESPACE
);
1410 for (e
= strchr(s
, 0); e
> s
; e
--)
1411 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE
, e
[-1]))
1419 char *delete_chars(char *s
, const char *bad
) {
1422 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1424 for (f
= s
, t
= s
; *f
; f
++) {
1425 if (strchr(bad
, *f
))
1436 bool in_charset(const char *s
, const char* charset
) {
1442 for (i
= s
; *i
; i
++)
1443 if (!strchr(charset
, *i
))
1449 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path
, const char *filename
) {
1456 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1457 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1460 if (path_is_absolute(filename
))
1461 return strdup(filename
);
1463 if (!(e
= strrchr(path
, '/')))
1464 return strdup(filename
);
1466 k
= strlen(filename
);
1467 if (!(r
= new(char, e
-path
+1+k
+1)))
1470 memcpy(r
, path
, e
-path
+1);
1471 memcpy(r
+(e
-path
)+1, filename
, k
+1);
1476 int safe_mkdir(const char *path
, mode_t mode
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
1479 if (label_mkdir(path
, mode
) >= 0)
1480 if (chmod_and_chown(path
, mode
, uid
, gid
) < 0)
1483 if (lstat(path
, &st
) < 0)
1486 if ((st
.st_mode
& 0777) != mode
||
1489 !S_ISDIR(st
.st_mode
)) {
1498 int mkdir_parents(const char *path
, mode_t mode
) {
1503 /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last
1506 p
= path
+ strspn(path
, "/");
1511 e
= p
+ strcspn(p
, "/");
1512 p
= e
+ strspn(e
, "/");
1514 /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're
1519 if (!(t
= strndup(path
, e
- path
)))
1522 r
= label_mkdir(t
, mode
);
1525 if (r
< 0 && errno
!= EEXIST
)
1530 int mkdir_p(const char *path
, mode_t mode
) {
1535 if ((r
= mkdir_parents(path
, mode
)) < 0)
1538 if (label_mkdir(path
, mode
) < 0 && errno
!= EEXIST
)
1544 int rmdir_parents(const char *path
, const char *stop
) {
1553 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1554 while (l
> 0 && path
[l
-1] == '/')
1560 /* Skip last component */
1561 while (l
> 0 && path
[l
-1] != '/')
1564 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1565 while (l
> 0 && path
[l
-1] == '/')
1571 if (!(t
= strndup(path
, l
)))
1574 if (path_startswith(stop
, t
)) {
1583 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
1591 char hexchar(int x
) {
1592 static const char table
[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1594 return table
[x
& 15];
1597 int unhexchar(char c
) {
1599 if (c
>= '0' && c
<= '9')
1602 if (c
>= 'a' && c
<= 'f')
1603 return c
- 'a' + 10;
1605 if (c
>= 'A' && c
<= 'F')
1606 return c
- 'A' + 10;
1611 char octchar(int x
) {
1612 return '0' + (x
& 7);
1615 int unoctchar(char c
) {
1617 if (c
>= '0' && c
<= '7')
1623 char decchar(int x
) {
1624 return '0' + (x
% 10);
1627 int undecchar(char c
) {
1629 if (c
>= '0' && c
<= '9')
1635 char *cescape(const char *s
) {
1641 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1643 if (!(r
= new(char, strlen(s
)*4 + 1)))
1646 for (f
= s
, t
= r
; *f
; f
++)
1692 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1693 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1694 * g_strescape() does the same */
1695 if ((*f
< ' ') || (*f
>= 127)) {
1697 *(t
++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f
>> 6);
1698 *(t
++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f
>> 3);
1699 *(t
++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f
);
1710 char *cunescape_length(const char *s
, size_t length
) {
1716 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1718 if (!(r
= new(char, length
+1)))
1721 for (f
= s
, t
= r
; f
< s
+ length
; f
++) {
1764 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1769 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1772 if ((a
= unhexchar(f
[1])) < 0 ||
1773 (b
= unhexchar(f
[2])) < 0) {
1774 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1778 *(t
++) = (char) ((a
<< 4) | b
);
1793 /* octal encoding */
1796 if ((a
= unoctchar(f
[0])) < 0 ||
1797 (b
= unoctchar(f
[1])) < 0 ||
1798 (c
= unoctchar(f
[2])) < 0) {
1799 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1803 *(t
++) = (char) ((a
<< 6) | (b
<< 3) | c
);
1811 /* premature end of string.*/
1816 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1828 char *cunescape(const char *s
) {
1829 return cunescape_length(s
, strlen(s
));
1832 char *xescape(const char *s
, const char *bad
) {
1836 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1837 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1840 if (!(r
= new(char, strlen(s
)*4+1)))
1843 for (f
= s
, t
= r
; *f
; f
++) {
1845 if ((*f
< ' ') || (*f
>= 127) ||
1846 (*f
== '\\') || strchr(bad
, *f
)) {
1849 *(t
++) = hexchar(*f
>> 4);
1850 *(t
++) = hexchar(*f
);
1860 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s
) {
1866 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1867 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1869 if (!(r
= new(char, strlen(s
)*3+1)))
1872 for (f
= s
, t
= r
; *f
; f
++) {
1874 if (!(*f
>= 'A' && *f
<= 'Z') &&
1875 !(*f
>= 'a' && *f
<= 'z') &&
1876 !(*f
>= '0' && *f
<= '9')) {
1878 *(t
++) = hexchar(*f
>> 4);
1879 *(t
++) = hexchar(*f
);
1889 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f
) {
1894 if (!(r
= strdup(f
)))
1897 for (t
= r
; *f
; f
++) {
1902 if ((a
= unhexchar(f
[1])) < 0 ||
1903 (b
= unhexchar(f
[2])) < 0) {
1904 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1907 *(t
++) = (char) ((a
<< 4) | b
);
1919 char *path_kill_slashes(char *path
) {
1923 /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the
1924 * passed string in-place.
1926 * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar
1929 for (f
= path
, t
= path
; *f
; f
++) {
1944 /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a
1945 trailing slash is good */
1947 if (t
== path
&& slash
)
1954 bool path_startswith(const char *path
, const char *prefix
) {
1958 if ((path
[0] == '/') != (prefix
[0] == '/'))
1964 path
+= strspn(path
, "/");
1965 prefix
+= strspn(prefix
, "/");
1973 a
= strcspn(path
, "/");
1974 b
= strcspn(prefix
, "/");
1979 if (memcmp(path
, prefix
, a
) != 0)
1987 bool path_equal(const char *a
, const char *b
) {
1991 if ((a
[0] == '/') != (b
[0] == '/'))
1997 a
+= strspn(a
, "/");
1998 b
+= strspn(b
, "/");
2000 if (*a
== 0 && *b
== 0)
2003 if (*a
== 0 || *b
== 0)
2006 j
= strcspn(a
, "/");
2007 k
= strcspn(b
, "/");
2012 if (memcmp(a
, b
, j
) != 0)
2020 char *ascii_strlower(char *t
) {
2025 for (p
= t
; *p
; p
++)
2026 if (*p
>= 'A' && *p
<= 'Z')
2027 *p
= *p
- 'A' + 'a';
2032 bool ignore_file(const char *filename
) {
2036 filename
[0] == '.' ||
2037 streq(filename
, "lost+found") ||
2038 streq(filename
, "aquota.user") ||
2039 streq(filename
, "aquota.group") ||
2040 endswith(filename
, "~") ||
2041 endswith(filename
, ".rpmnew") ||
2042 endswith(filename
, ".rpmsave") ||
2043 endswith(filename
, ".rpmorig") ||
2044 endswith(filename
, ".dpkg-old") ||
2045 endswith(filename
, ".dpkg-new") ||
2046 endswith(filename
, ".swp");
2049 int fd_nonblock(int fd
, bool nonblock
) {
2054 if ((flags
= fcntl(fd
, F_GETFL
, 0)) < 0)
2058 flags
|= O_NONBLOCK
;
2060 flags
&= ~O_NONBLOCK
;
2062 if (fcntl(fd
, F_SETFL
, flags
) < 0)
2068 int fd_cloexec(int fd
, bool cloexec
) {
2073 if ((flags
= fcntl(fd
, F_GETFD
, 0)) < 0)
2077 flags
|= FD_CLOEXEC
;
2079 flags
&= ~FD_CLOEXEC
;
2081 if (fcntl(fd
, F_SETFD
, flags
) < 0)
2087 int close_all_fds(const int except
[], unsigned n_except
) {
2092 if (!(d
= opendir("/proc/self/fd")))
2095 while ((de
= readdir(d
))) {
2098 if (ignore_file(de
->d_name
))
2101 if (safe_atoi(de
->d_name
, &fd
) < 0)
2102 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
2116 for (i
= 0; i
< n_except
; i
++)
2117 if (except
[i
] == fd
) {
2126 if (close_nointr(fd
) < 0) {
2127 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
2128 if (errno
!= EBADF
&& r
== 0)
2137 bool chars_intersect(const char *a
, const char *b
) {
2140 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
2141 for (p
= a
; *p
; p
++)
2148 char *format_timestamp(char *buf
, size_t l
, usec_t t
) {
2158 sec
= (time_t) (t
/ USEC_PER_SEC
);
2160 if (strftime(buf
, l
, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec
, &tm
)) <= 0)
2166 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf
, size_t l
, usec_t t
) {
2169 n
= now(CLOCK_REALTIME
);
2171 if (t
<= 0 || t
> n
|| t
+ USEC_PER_DAY
*7 <= t
)
2176 if (d
>= USEC_PER_YEAR
)
2177 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
2178 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_YEAR
),
2179 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_YEAR
) / USEC_PER_MONTH
));
2180 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_MONTH
)
2181 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
2182 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_MONTH
),
2183 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_MONTH
) / USEC_PER_DAY
));
2184 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_WEEK
)
2185 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
2186 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_WEEK
),
2187 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_WEEK
) / USEC_PER_DAY
));
2188 else if (d
>= 2*USEC_PER_DAY
)
2189 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_DAY
));
2190 else if (d
>= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR
)
2191 snprintf(buf
, l
, "1 day and %lluh ago",
2192 (unsigned long long) ((d
- USEC_PER_DAY
) / USEC_PER_HOUR
));
2193 else if (d
>= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR
)
2194 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%lluh ago",
2195 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_HOUR
));
2196 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_HOUR
)
2197 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%lluh %llumin ago",
2198 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_HOUR
),
2199 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_HOUR
) / USEC_PER_MINUTE
));
2200 else if (d
>= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE
)
2201 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llumin ago",
2202 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_MINUTE
));
2203 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_MINUTE
)
2204 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llumin %llus ago",
2205 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_MINUTE
),
2206 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_MINUTE
) / USEC_PER_SEC
));
2207 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_SEC
)
2208 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llus ago",
2209 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_SEC
));
2210 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_MSEC
)
2211 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llums ago",
2212 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_MSEC
));
2214 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%lluus ago",
2215 (unsigned long long) d
);
2217 snprintf(buf
, l
, "now");
2223 char *format_timespan(char *buf
, size_t l
, usec_t t
) {
2224 static const struct {
2228 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK
},
2229 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY
},
2230 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR
},
2231 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE
},
2232 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC
},
2233 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC
},
2243 if (t
== (usec_t
) -1)
2247 snprintf(p
, l
, "0");
2252 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2254 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(table
); i
++) {
2258 if (t
< table
[i
].usec
)
2264 k
= snprintf(p
, l
, "%s%llu%s", p
> buf
? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t
/ table
[i
].usec
), table
[i
].suffix
);
2265 n
= MIN((size_t) k
, l
);
2278 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype
) {
2279 static const char * const table
[] = {
2291 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(table
); i
++)
2292 if (streq(table
[i
], fstype
))
2301 if ((fd
= open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0)
2306 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT
,
2310 if (ioctl(fd
, TIOCLINUX
, tiocl
) < 0)
2313 vt
= tiocl
[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl
[0];
2316 if (ioctl(fd
, VT_ACTIVATE
, vt
) < 0)
2319 close_nointr_nofail(r
);
2323 int read_one_char(FILE *f
, char *ret
, bool *need_nl
) {
2324 struct termios old_termios
, new_termios
;
2326 char line
[LINE_MAX
];
2331 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f
), &old_termios
) >= 0) {
2332 new_termios
= old_termios
;
2334 new_termios
.c_lflag
&= ~ICANON
;
2335 new_termios
.c_cc
[VMIN
] = 1;
2336 new_termios
.c_cc
[VTIME
] = 0;
2338 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f
), TCSADRAIN
, &new_termios
) >= 0) {
2341 k
= fread(&c
, 1, 1, f
);
2343 tcsetattr(fileno(f
), TCSADRAIN
, &old_termios
);
2349 *need_nl
= c
!= '\n';
2356 if (!(fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
)))
2361 if (strlen(line
) != 1)
2371 int ask(char *ret
, const char *replies
, const char *text
, ...) {
2378 on_tty
= isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
);
2384 bool need_nl
= true;
2387 fputs("\x1B[1m", stdout
);
2394 fputs("\x1B[0m", stdout
);
2398 if ((r
= read_one_char(stdin
, &c
, &need_nl
)) < 0) {
2400 if (r
== -EBADMSG
) {
2401 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2412 if (strchr(replies
, c
)) {
2417 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2421 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd
) {
2422 struct termios termios
;
2426 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2430 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2431 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2432 * interfere with that. */
2434 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2435 ioctl(fd
, TIOCNXCL
);
2437 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2439 ioctl(fd
, KDSKBMODE
, &arg
);
2441 if (tcgetattr(fd
, &termios
) < 0) {
2446 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2447 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2448 * else will do that for us */
2450 termios
.c_iflag
&= ~(IGNBRK
| BRKINT
| ISTRIP
| INLCR
| IGNCR
| IUCLC
);
2451 termios
.c_iflag
|= ICRNL
| IMAXBEL
| IUTF8
;
2452 termios
.c_oflag
|= ONLCR
;
2453 termios
.c_cflag
|= CREAD
;
2454 termios
.c_lflag
= ISIG
| ICANON
| IEXTEN
| ECHO
| ECHOE
| ECHOK
| ECHOCTL
| ECHOPRT
| ECHOKE
;
2456 termios
.c_cc
[VINTR
] = 03; /* ^C */
2457 termios
.c_cc
[VQUIT
] = 034; /* ^\ */
2458 termios
.c_cc
[VERASE
] = 0177;
2459 termios
.c_cc
[VKILL
] = 025; /* ^X */
2460 termios
.c_cc
[VEOF
] = 04; /* ^D */
2461 termios
.c_cc
[VSTART
] = 021; /* ^Q */
2462 termios
.c_cc
[VSTOP
] = 023; /* ^S */
2463 termios
.c_cc
[VSUSP
] = 032; /* ^Z */
2464 termios
.c_cc
[VLNEXT
] = 026; /* ^V */
2465 termios
.c_cc
[VWERASE
] = 027; /* ^W */
2466 termios
.c_cc
[VREPRINT
] = 022; /* ^R */
2467 termios
.c_cc
[VEOL
] = 0;
2468 termios
.c_cc
[VEOL2
] = 0;
2470 termios
.c_cc
[VTIME
] = 0;
2471 termios
.c_cc
[VMIN
] = 1;
2473 if (tcsetattr(fd
, TCSANOW
, &termios
) < 0)
2477 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2478 tcflush(fd
, TCIOFLUSH
);
2483 int reset_terminal(const char *name
) {
2486 fd
= open_terminal(name
, O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
2490 r
= reset_terminal_fd(fd
);
2491 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2496 int open_terminal(const char *name
, int mode
) {
2501 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2502 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2503 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2504 * retrying a couple of times.
2506 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2510 if ((fd
= open(name
, mode
)) >= 0)
2519 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC
);
2526 if ((r
= isatty(fd
)) < 0) {
2527 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2532 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2539 int flush_fd(int fd
) {
2540 struct pollfd pollfd
;
2544 pollfd
.events
= POLLIN
;
2551 if ((r
= poll(&pollfd
, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2562 if ((l
= read(fd
, buf
, sizeof(buf
))) < 0) {
2567 if (errno
== EAGAIN
)
2578 int acquire_terminal(const char *name
, bool fail
, bool force
, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm
) {
2579 int fd
= -1, notify
= -1, r
, wd
= -1;
2583 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2584 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2585 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2587 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2588 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2589 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2590 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2591 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2592 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2593 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2594 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2596 if (!fail
&& !force
) {
2597 if ((notify
= inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC
)) < 0) {
2602 if ((wd
= inotify_add_watch(notify
, name
, IN_CLOSE
)) < 0) {
2610 if ((r
= flush_fd(notify
)) < 0)
2613 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2614 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2615 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2616 if ((fd
= open_terminal(name
, O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0)
2619 /* First, try to get the tty */
2620 r
= ioctl(fd
, TIOCSCTTY
, force
);
2622 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2623 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2624 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2625 if (r
< 0 && errno
== EPERM
&& ignore_tiocstty_eperm
)
2628 if (r
< 0 && (force
|| fail
|| errno
!= EPERM
)) {
2638 assert(notify
>= 0);
2641 uint8_t inotify_buffer
[sizeof(struct inotify_event
) + FILENAME_MAX
];
2643 struct inotify_event
*e
;
2645 if ((l
= read(notify
, &inotify_buffer
, sizeof(inotify_buffer
))) < 0) {
2654 e
= (struct inotify_event
*) inotify_buffer
;
2659 if (e
->wd
!= wd
|| !(e
->mask
& IN_CLOSE
)) {
2664 step
= sizeof(struct inotify_event
) + e
->len
;
2665 assert(step
<= (size_t) l
);
2667 e
= (struct inotify_event
*) ((uint8_t*) e
+ step
);
2674 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2675 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2676 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2677 * an endless loop. */
2678 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2682 close_nointr_nofail(notify
);
2684 if ((r
= reset_terminal_fd(fd
)) < 0)
2685 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r
));
2691 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2694 close_nointr_nofail(notify
);
2699 int release_terminal(void) {
2701 struct sigaction sa_old
, sa_new
;
2703 if ((fd
= open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_NDELAY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0)
2706 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2707 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2710 sa_new
.sa_handler
= SIG_IGN
;
2711 sa_new
.sa_flags
= SA_RESTART
;
2712 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP
, &sa_new
, &sa_old
) == 0);
2714 if (ioctl(fd
, TIOCNOTTY
) < 0)
2717 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP
, &sa_old
, NULL
) == 0);
2719 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2723 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction
*sa
, ...) {
2728 while ((sig
= va_arg(ap
, int)) > 0)
2729 if (sigaction(sig
, sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2736 int ignore_signals(int sig
, ...) {
2737 struct sigaction sa
;
2742 sa
.sa_handler
= SIG_IGN
;
2743 sa
.sa_flags
= SA_RESTART
;
2745 if (sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2749 while ((sig
= va_arg(ap
, int)) > 0)
2750 if (sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2757 int default_signals(int sig
, ...) {
2758 struct sigaction sa
;
2763 sa
.sa_handler
= SIG_DFL
;
2764 sa
.sa_flags
= SA_RESTART
;
2766 if (sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2770 while ((sig
= va_arg(ap
, int)) > 0)
2771 if (sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2778 int close_pipe(int p
[]) {
2784 a
= close_nointr(p
[0]);
2789 b
= close_nointr(p
[1]);
2793 return a
< 0 ? a
: b
;
2796 ssize_t
loop_read(int fd
, void *buf
, size_t nbytes
, bool do_poll
) {
2805 while (nbytes
> 0) {
2808 if ((k
= read(fd
, p
, nbytes
)) <= 0) {
2810 if (k
< 0 && errno
== EINTR
)
2813 if (k
< 0 && errno
== EAGAIN
&& do_poll
) {
2814 struct pollfd pollfd
;
2818 pollfd
.events
= POLLIN
;
2820 if (poll(&pollfd
, 1, -1) < 0) {
2824 return n
> 0 ? n
: -errno
;
2827 if (pollfd
.revents
!= POLLIN
)
2828 return n
> 0 ? n
: -EIO
;
2833 return n
> 0 ? n
: (k
< 0 ? -errno
: 0);
2844 ssize_t
loop_write(int fd
, const void *buf
, size_t nbytes
, bool do_poll
) {
2853 while (nbytes
> 0) {
2856 if ((k
= write(fd
, p
, nbytes
)) <= 0) {
2858 if (k
< 0 && errno
== EINTR
)
2861 if (k
< 0 && errno
== EAGAIN
&& do_poll
) {
2862 struct pollfd pollfd
;
2866 pollfd
.events
= POLLOUT
;
2868 if (poll(&pollfd
, 1, -1) < 0) {
2872 return n
> 0 ? n
: -errno
;
2875 if (pollfd
.revents
!= POLLOUT
)
2876 return n
> 0 ? n
: -EIO
;
2881 return n
> 0 ? n
: (k
< 0 ? -errno
: 0);
2892 int path_is_mount_point(const char *t
, bool allow_symlink
) {
2903 if (errno
== ENOENT
)
2909 r
= parent_of_path(t
, &parent
);
2913 r
= lstat(parent
, &b
);
2919 return a
.st_dev
!= b
.st_dev
;
2922 int parse_usec(const char *t
, usec_t
*usec
) {
2923 static const struct {
2927 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC
},
2928 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC
},
2929 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE
},
2930 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR
},
2931 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR
},
2932 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY
},
2933 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK
},
2934 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC
},
2935 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC
},
2936 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE
},
2939 { "", USEC_PER_SEC
},
2955 l
= strtoll(p
, &e
, 10);
2966 e
+= strspn(e
, WHITESPACE
);
2968 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(table
); i
++)
2969 if (startswith(e
, table
[i
].suffix
)) {
2970 r
+= (usec_t
) l
* table
[i
].usec
;
2971 p
= e
+ strlen(table
[i
].suffix
);
2975 if (i
>= ELEMENTSOF(table
))
2985 int parse_bytes(const char *t
, off_t
*bytes
) {
2986 static const struct {
2992 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2993 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2994 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3011 l
= strtoll(p
, &e
, 10);
3022 e
+= strspn(e
, WHITESPACE
);
3024 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(table
); i
++)
3025 if (startswith(e
, table
[i
].suffix
)) {
3026 r
+= (off_t
) l
* table
[i
].factor
;
3027 p
= e
+ strlen(table
[i
].suffix
);
3031 if (i
>= ELEMENTSOF(table
))
3041 int make_stdio(int fd
) {
3046 r
= dup2(fd
, STDIN_FILENO
);
3047 s
= dup2(fd
, STDOUT_FILENO
);
3048 t
= dup2(fd
, STDERR_FILENO
);
3051 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
3053 if (r
< 0 || s
< 0 || t
< 0)
3056 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO
, false);
3057 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO
, false);
3058 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO
, false);
3063 int make_null_stdio(void) {
3066 if ((null_fd
= open("/dev/null", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
)) < 0)
3069 return make_stdio(null_fd
);
3072 bool is_device_path(const char *path
) {
3074 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
3075 * sysfs or in /dev */
3078 path_startswith(path
, "/dev/") ||
3079 path_startswith(path
, "/sys/");
3082 int dir_is_empty(const char *path
) {
3085 struct dirent buf
, *de
;
3087 if (!(d
= opendir(path
)))
3091 if ((r
= readdir_r(d
, &buf
, &de
)) > 0) {
3101 if (!ignore_file(de
->d_name
)) {
3111 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
3116 if ((fd
= open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOCTTY
)) < 0)
3119 r
= loop_read(fd
, &ull
, sizeof(ull
), true);
3120 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
3122 if (r
!= sizeof(ull
))
3128 return random() * RAND_MAX
+ random();
3131 void rename_process(const char name
[8]) {
3134 prctl(PR_SET_NAME
, name
);
3136 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). The string
3137 * passed should fit in 7 chars (i.e. the length of
3140 if (program_invocation_name
)
3141 strncpy(program_invocation_name
, name
, strlen(program_invocation_name
));
3143 if (saved_argc
> 0) {
3147 strncpy(saved_argv
[0], name
, strlen(saved_argv
[0]));
3149 for (i
= 1; i
< saved_argc
; i
++) {
3153 memset(saved_argv
[i
], 0, strlen(saved_argv
[i
]));
3158 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t
*ss
, ...) {
3165 while ((sig
= va_arg(ap
, int)) > 0)
3166 assert_se(sigaddset(ss
, sig
) == 0);
3170 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3173 assert_se(uname(&u
) >= 0);
3176 return strdup(u
.nodename
);
3178 return strdup(u
.sysname
);
3181 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3185 struct passwd pwbuf
, *pw
= NULL
;
3188 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO
, &st
) >= 0)
3193 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3195 return strdup("root");
3197 if ((bufsize
= sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX
)) <= 0)
3200 if (!(buf
= malloc(bufsize
)))
3203 if (getpwuid_r(uid
, &pwbuf
, buf
, bufsize
, &pw
) == 0 && pw
) {
3204 name
= strdup(pw
->pw_name
);
3211 if (asprintf(&name
, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid
) < 0)
3217 int getttyname_malloc(int fd
, char **r
) {
3218 char path
[PATH_MAX
], *c
;
3223 if ((k
= ttyname_r(fd
, path
, sizeof(path
))) != 0)
3228 if (!(c
= strdup(startswith(path
, "/dev/") ? path
+ 5 : path
)))
3235 int getttyname_harder(int fd
, char **r
) {
3239 if ((k
= getttyname_malloc(fd
, &s
)) < 0)
3242 if (streq(s
, "tty")) {
3244 return get_ctty(0, NULL
, r
);
3251 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid
, dev_t
*d
) {
3253 char line
[LINE_MAX
], *p
, *fn
;
3254 unsigned long ttynr
;
3257 if (asprintf(&fn
, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid
<= 0 ? getpid() : pid
)) < 0)
3260 f
= fopen(fn
, "re");
3265 if (!fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
)) {
3273 p
= strrchr(line
, ')');
3283 "%*d " /* session */
3292 int get_ctty(pid_t pid
, dev_t
*_devnr
, char **r
) {
3294 char fn
[PATH_MAX
], *s
, *b
, *p
;
3299 k
= get_ctty_devnr(pid
, &devnr
);
3303 snprintf(fn
, sizeof(fn
), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr
), minor(devnr
));
3306 if ((k
= readlink_malloc(fn
, &s
)) < 0) {
3311 /* This is an ugly hack */
3312 if (major(devnr
) == 136) {
3313 if (asprintf(&b
, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr
)) < 0)
3323 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3324 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3325 * vaguely useful. */
3327 if (!(b
= strdup(fn
+ 5)))
3337 if (startswith(s
, "/dev/"))
3339 else if (startswith(s
, "../"))
3357 static int rm_rf_children(int fd
, bool only_dirs
, bool honour_sticky
) {
3363 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3366 if (!(d
= fdopendir(fd
))) {
3367 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
3369 return errno
== ENOENT
? 0 : -errno
;
3373 struct dirent buf
, *de
;
3374 bool is_dir
, keep_around
= false;
3377 if ((r
= readdir_r(d
, &buf
, &de
)) != 0) {
3386 if (streq(de
->d_name
, ".") || streq(de
->d_name
, ".."))
3389 if (de
->d_type
== DT_UNKNOWN
) {
3392 if (fstatat(fd
, de
->d_name
, &st
, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
) < 0) {
3393 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3399 keep_around
= st
.st_uid
== 0 && (st
.st_mode
& S_ISVTX
);
3401 is_dir
= S_ISDIR(st
.st_mode
);
3404 if (honour_sticky
) {
3407 if (fstatat(fd
, de
->d_name
, &st
, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
) < 0) {
3408 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3413 keep_around
= st
.st_uid
== 0 && (st
.st_mode
& S_ISVTX
);
3416 is_dir
= de
->d_type
== DT_DIR
;
3422 if ((subdir_fd
= openat(fd
, de
->d_name
, O_RDONLY
|O_NONBLOCK
|O_DIRECTORY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0) {
3423 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3428 if ((r
= rm_rf_children(subdir_fd
, only_dirs
, honour_sticky
)) < 0) {
3434 if (unlinkat(fd
, de
->d_name
, AT_REMOVEDIR
) < 0) {
3435 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3439 } else if (!only_dirs
&& !keep_around
) {
3441 if (unlinkat(fd
, de
->d_name
, 0) < 0) {
3442 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3453 int rm_rf(const char *path
, bool only_dirs
, bool delete_root
, bool honour_sticky
) {
3459 if ((fd
= open(path
, O_RDONLY
|O_NONBLOCK
|O_DIRECTORY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0) {
3461 if (errno
!= ENOTDIR
)
3464 if (delete_root
&& !only_dirs
)
3465 if (unlink(path
) < 0)
3471 r
= rm_rf_children(fd
, only_dirs
, honour_sticky
);
3475 if (honour_sticky
&& file_is_sticky(path
) > 0)
3478 if (rmdir(path
) < 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
) {
3487 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path
, mode_t mode
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
3490 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3491 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3492 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3494 if (chmod(path
, mode
) < 0)
3497 if (chown(path
, uid
, gid
) < 0)
3503 cpu_set_t
* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus
) {
3507 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3510 if (!(r
= CPU_ALLOC(n
)))
3513 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n
), r
) >= 0) {
3514 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n
), r
);
3524 if (errno
!= EINVAL
)
3531 void status_vprintf(const char *format
, va_list ap
) {
3537 /* This independent of logging, as status messages are
3538 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3540 if (vasprintf(&s
, format
, ap
) < 0)
3543 if ((fd
= open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0)
3546 write(fd
, s
, strlen(s
));
3552 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
3555 void status_printf(const char *format
, ...) {
3560 va_start(ap
, format
);
3561 status_vprintf(format
, ap
);
3565 void status_welcome(void) {
3566 char *pretty_name
= NULL
, *ansi_color
= NULL
;
3567 const char *const_pretty
= NULL
, *const_color
= NULL
;
3570 if ((r
= parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE
,
3571 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name
,
3572 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color
,
3576 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3579 #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA)
3581 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/system-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3584 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/system-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3588 if (!ansi_color
&& pretty_name
) {
3590 /* This tries to mimic the color magic the old Red Hat sysinit
3593 if (startswith(pretty_name
, "Red Hat"))
3594 const_color
= "0;31"; /* Red for RHEL */
3595 else if (startswith(pretty_name
, "Fedora"))
3596 const_color
= "0;34"; /* Blue for Fedora */
3599 #elif defined(TARGET_SUSE)
3602 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/SuSE-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3605 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/SuSE-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3610 const_color
= "0;32"; /* Green for openSUSE */
3612 #elif defined(TARGET_GENTOO)
3615 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/gentoo-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3618 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/gentoo-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3623 const_color
= "1;34"; /* Light Blue for Gentoo */
3625 #elif defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX)
3628 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/altlinux-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3631 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/altlinux-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3636 const_color
= "0;36"; /* Cyan for ALTLinux */
3639 #elif defined(TARGET_DEBIAN)
3644 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/debian_version", &version
)) < 0) {
3647 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/debian_version: %s", strerror(-r
));
3649 pretty_name
= strappend("Debian ", version
);
3653 log_warning("Failed to allocate Debian version string.");
3658 const_color
= "1;31"; /* Light Red for Debian */
3660 #elif defined(TARGET_UBUNTU)
3662 if ((r
= parse_env_file("/etc/lsb-release", NEWLINE
,
3663 "DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION", &pretty_name
,
3667 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/lsb-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3671 const_color
= "0;33"; /* Orange/Brown for Ubuntu */
3673 #elif defined(TARGET_MANDRIVA)
3678 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/mandriva-release", &s
) < 0)) {
3680 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/mandriva-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3682 p
= strstr(s
, " release ");
3686 p
[strcspn(p
, " ")] = '\0';
3688 /* This corresponds to standard rc.sysinit */
3689 if (asprintf(&pretty_name
, "%s\x1B[0;39m %s", s
, p
) > 0)
3690 const_color
= "1;36";
3692 log_warning("Failed to allocate Mandriva version string.");
3694 log_warning("Failed to parse /etc/mandriva-release");
3698 #elif defined(TARGET_MEEGO)
3701 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/meego-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3704 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/meego-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3709 const_color
= "1;35"; /* Bright Magenta for MeeGo */
3712 if (!pretty_name
&& !const_pretty
)
3713 const_pretty
= "Linux";
3715 if (!ansi_color
&& !const_color
)
3718 status_printf("\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n\n",
3719 const_color
? const_color
: ansi_color
,
3720 const_pretty
? const_pretty
: pretty_name
);
3726 char *replace_env(const char *format
, char **env
) {
3733 const char *e
, *word
= format
;
3738 for (e
= format
; *e
; e
++) {
3749 if (!(k
= strnappend(r
, word
, e
-word
-1)))
3758 } else if (*e
== '$') {
3759 if (!(k
= strnappend(r
, word
, e
-word
)))
3775 if (!(t
= strv_env_get_with_length(env
, word
+2, e
-word
-2)))
3778 if (!(k
= strappend(r
, t
)))
3791 if (!(k
= strnappend(r
, word
, e
-word
)))
3802 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv
, char **env
) {
3804 unsigned k
= 0, l
= 0;
3806 l
= strv_length(argv
);
3808 if (!(r
= new(char*, l
+1)))
3811 STRV_FOREACH(i
, argv
) {
3813 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3814 if ((*i
)[0] == '$' && (*i
)[1] != '{') {
3819 if ((e
= strv_env_get(env
, *i
+1))) {
3821 if (!(m
= strv_split_quoted(e
))) {
3832 if (!(w
= realloc(r
, sizeof(char*) * (l
+1)))) {
3841 memcpy(r
+ k
, m
, q
* sizeof(char*));
3849 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3850 if (!(r
[k
++] = replace_env(*i
, env
))) {
3861 static __thread
int parsed_columns
= 0;
3864 if (_likely_(parsed_columns
> 0))
3865 return parsed_columns
;
3867 if ((e
= getenv("COLUMNS")))
3868 parsed_columns
= atoi(e
);
3870 if (parsed_columns
<= 0) {
3874 if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO
, TIOCGWINSZ
, &ws
) >= 0)
3875 parsed_columns
= ws
.ws_col
;
3878 if (parsed_columns
<= 0)
3879 parsed_columns
= 80;
3881 return parsed_columns
;
3884 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3890 /* Only works as root */
3892 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a
) < 0)
3895 if (stat("/", &b
) < 0)
3899 a
.st_dev
!= b
.st_dev
||
3900 a
.st_ino
!= b
.st_ino
;
3903 char *ellipsize(const char *s
, unsigned length
, unsigned percent
) {
3908 assert(percent
<= 100);
3909 assert(length
>= 3);
3913 if (l
<= 3 || l
<= length
)
3916 if (!(r
= new0(char, length
+1)))
3919 x
= (length
* percent
) / 100;
3929 s
+ l
- (length
- x
- 3),
3935 int touch(const char *path
) {
3940 if ((fd
= open(path
, O_WRONLY
|O_CREAT
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOCTTY
, 0644)) < 0)
3943 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
3947 char *unquote(const char *s
, const char* quotes
) {
3951 if ((l
= strlen(s
)) < 2)
3954 if (strchr(quotes
, s
[0]) && s
[l
-1] == s
[0])
3955 return strndup(s
+1, l
-2);
3960 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s
) {
3961 char *name
, *value
, *p
, *r
;
3966 if (!(r
= strdup(s
)))
3972 if (!(name
= strndup(s
, p
- s
)))
3975 if (!(p
= strdup(p
+1))) {
3980 value
= unquote(strstrip(p
), QUOTES
);
3988 if (asprintf(&r
, "%s=%s", name
, value
) < 0)
3997 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid
, siginfo_t
*status
) {
4008 if (waitid(P_PID
, pid
, status
, WEXITED
) < 0) {
4020 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name
, pid_t pid
) {
4027 if ((r
= wait_for_terminate(pid
, &status
)) < 0) {
4028 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name
, strerror(-r
));
4032 if (status
.si_code
== CLD_EXITED
) {
4033 if (status
.si_status
!= 0) {
4034 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name
, status
.si_status
);
4035 return status
.si_status
;
4038 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name
);
4041 } else if (status
.si_code
== CLD_KILLED
||
4042 status
.si_code
== CLD_DUMPED
) {
4044 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name
, signal_to_string(status
.si_status
));
4048 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name
);
4055 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
4056 close_all_fds(NULL
, 0);
4064 bool null_or_empty(struct stat
*st
) {
4067 if (S_ISREG(st
->st_mode
) && st
->st_size
<= 0)
4070 if (S_ISCHR(st
->st_mode
) || S_ISBLK(st
->st_mode
))
4076 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn
) {
4081 if (stat(fn
, &st
) < 0)
4084 return null_or_empty(&st
);
4087 DIR *xopendirat(int fd
, const char *name
, int flags
) {
4091 if ((nfd
= openat(fd
, name
, O_RDONLY
|O_NONBLOCK
|O_DIRECTORY
|O_CLOEXEC
|flags
)) < 0)
4094 if (!(d
= fdopendir(nfd
))) {
4095 close_nointr_nofail(nfd
);
4102 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s
) {
4106 if ((signo
= signal_from_string(s
)) <= 0)
4107 if (startswith(s
, "SIG"))
4108 return signal_from_string(s
+3);
4113 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f
, const char *name
, dual_timestamp
*t
) {
4119 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t
))
4122 fprintf(f
, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4124 (unsigned long long) t
->realtime
,
4125 (unsigned long long) t
->monotonic
);
4128 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value
, dual_timestamp
*t
) {
4129 unsigned long long a
, b
;
4134 if (sscanf(value
, "%lli %llu", &a
, &b
) != 2)
4135 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value
);
4142 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p
) {
4146 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4147 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4149 if (startswith(p
, "LABEL=")) {
4151 if (!(u
= unquote(p
+6, "\"\'")))
4154 t
= xescape(u
, "/ ");
4160 r
= asprintf(&dn
, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t
);
4169 if (startswith(p
, "UUID=")) {
4171 if (!(u
= unquote(p
+5, "\"\'")))
4174 t
= xescape(u
, "/ ");
4180 r
= asprintf(&dn
, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t
);
4192 void filter_environ(const char *prefix
) {
4199 for (i
= 0, j
= 0; environ
[i
]; i
++) {
4201 if (startswith(environ
[i
], prefix
))
4204 environ
[j
++] = environ
[i
];
4210 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty
) {
4213 if (startswith(tty
, "/dev/"))
4216 return vtnr_from_tty(tty
) >= 0;
4219 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty
) {
4224 if (startswith(tty
, "/dev/"))
4227 if (!startswith(tty
, "tty") )
4230 if (tty
[3] < '0' || tty
[3] > '9')
4233 r
= safe_atoi(tty
+3, &i
);
4237 if (i
< 0 || i
> 63)
4243 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty
) {
4244 char *active
= NULL
;
4249 if (startswith(tty
, "/dev/"))
4252 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing when determining
4254 if (streq(tty
, "console"))
4255 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active
) >= 0) {
4256 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4257 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4258 if ((tty
= strrchr(active
, ' ')))
4264 term
= tty_is_vc(tty
) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt100";
4270 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM implementations */
4271 int detect_vm(const char **id
) {
4273 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
4275 /* Both CPUID and DMI are x86 specific interfaces... */
4277 static const char *const dmi_vendors
[] = {
4278 "/sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor",
4279 "/sys/class/dmi/id/board_vendor",
4280 "/sys/class/dmi/id/bios_vendor"
4283 static const char dmi_vendor_table
[] =
4285 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
4286 "VMware\0" "vmware\0"
4288 "Microsoft Corporation\0" "microsoft\0"
4289 "innotek GmbH\0" "oracle\0"
4291 "Bochs\0" "bochs\0";
4293 static const char cpuid_vendor_table
[] =
4294 "XenVMMXenVMM\0" "xen\0"
4295 "KVMKVMKVM\0" "kvm\0"
4296 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
4297 "VMwareVMware\0" "vmware\0"
4298 /* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff542428.aspx */
4299 "Microsoft Hv\0" "microsoft\0";
4310 /* http://lwn.net/Articles/301888/ */
4313 #if defined (__i386__)
4316 #elif defined (__amd64__)
4321 /* First detect whether there is a hypervisor */
4323 __asm__
__volatile__ (
4324 /* ebx/rbx is being used for PIC! */
4325 " push %%"REG_b
" \n\t"
4327 " pop %%"REG_b
" \n\t"
4329 : "=a" (eax
), "=c" (ecx
)
4333 hypervisor
= !!(ecx
& 0x80000000U
);
4337 /* There is a hypervisor, see what it is */
4339 __asm__
__volatile__ (
4340 /* ebx/rbx is being used for PIC! */
4341 " push %%"REG_b
" \n\t"
4343 " mov %%ebx, %1 \n\t"
4344 " pop %%"REG_b
" \n\t"
4346 : "=a" (eax
), "=r" (sig
.sig32
[0]), "=c" (sig
.sig32
[1]), "=d" (sig
.sig32
[2])
4350 NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(j
, k
, cpuid_vendor_table
)
4351 if (streq(sig
.text
, j
)) {
4360 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendors
); i
++) {
4363 const char *found
= NULL
;
4365 if ((r
= read_one_line_file(dmi_vendors
[i
], &s
)) < 0) {
4372 NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(j
, k
, dmi_vendor_table
)
4373 if (startswith(s
, j
))
4396 int detect_container(const char **id
) {
4399 /* Unfortunately many of these operations require root access
4400 * in one way or another */
4405 if (running_in_chroot() > 0) {
4413 /* /proc/vz exists in container and outside of the container,
4414 * /proc/bc only outside of the container. */
4415 if (access("/proc/vz", F_OK
) >= 0 &&
4416 access("/proc/bc", F_OK
) < 0) {
4424 if ((f
= fopen("/proc/self/cgroup", "re"))) {
4427 char line
[LINE_MAX
], *p
;
4429 if (!fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
))
4432 if (!(p
= strchr(strstrip(line
), ':')))
4435 if (strncmp(p
, ":ns:", 4))
4438 if (!streq(p
, ":ns:/")) {
4454 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM/container implementations */
4455 int detect_virtualization(const char **id
) {
4456 static __thread
const char *cached_id
= NULL
;
4460 if (_likely_(cached_id
)) {
4462 if (cached_id
== (const char*) -1)
4471 if ((r
= detect_container(&_id
)) != 0)
4474 r
= detect_vm(&_id
);
4483 cached_id
= (const char*) -1;
4488 bool dirent_is_file(struct dirent
*de
) {
4491 if (ignore_file(de
->d_name
))
4494 if (de
->d_type
!= DT_REG
&&
4495 de
->d_type
!= DT_LNK
&&
4496 de
->d_type
!= DT_UNKNOWN
)
4502 void execute_directory(const char *directory
, DIR *d
, char *argv
[]) {
4505 Hashmap
*pids
= NULL
;
4509 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4510 * until all they all finished. */
4513 if (!(_d
= opendir(directory
))) {
4515 if (errno
== ENOENT
)
4518 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory
);
4525 if (!(pids
= hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func
, trivial_compare_func
))) {
4526 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4530 while ((de
= readdir(d
))) {
4535 if (!dirent_is_file(de
))
4538 if (asprintf(&path
, "%s/%s", directory
, de
->d_name
) < 0) {
4539 log_error("Out of memory");
4543 if ((pid
= fork()) < 0) {
4544 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4563 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path
);
4564 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
4567 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path
, (unsigned long) pid
);
4569 if ((k
= hashmap_put(pids
, UINT_TO_PTR(pid
), path
)) < 0) {
4570 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k
));
4575 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids
)) {
4580 if (waitid(P_ALL
, 0, &si
, WEXITED
) < 0) {
4585 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4589 if ((path
= hashmap_remove(pids
, UINT_TO_PTR(si
.si_pid
)))) {
4590 if (!is_clean_exit(si
.si_code
, si
.si_status
)) {
4591 if (si
.si_code
== CLD_EXITED
)
4592 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path
, si
.si_status
);
4594 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path
, signal_to_string(si
.si_status
));
4596 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path
);
4607 hashmap_free_free(pids
);
4610 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid
, int sig
) {
4613 r
= kill(pid
, sig
) < 0 ? -errno
: 0;
4621 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr
, const char *needle
) {
4627 NULSTR_FOREACH(i
, nulstr
)
4628 if (streq(i
, needle
))
4634 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4635 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK
) >= 0;
4638 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p
, int *priority
) {
4639 int a
= 0, b
= 0, c
= 0;
4649 if (!strchr(*p
, '>'))
4652 if ((*p
)[2] == '>') {
4653 c
= undecchar((*p
)[1]);
4655 } else if ((*p
)[3] == '>') {
4656 b
= undecchar((*p
)[1]);
4657 c
= undecchar((*p
)[2]);
4659 } else if ((*p
)[4] == '>') {
4660 a
= undecchar((*p
)[1]);
4661 b
= undecchar((*p
)[2]);
4662 c
= undecchar((*p
)[3]);
4667 if (a
< 0 || b
< 0 || c
< 0)
4670 *priority
= a
*100+b
*10+c
;
4674 int have_effective_cap(int value
) {
4676 cap_flag_value_t fv
;
4679 if (!(cap
= cap_get_proc()))
4682 if (cap_get_flag(cap
, value
, CAP_EFFECTIVE
, &fv
) < 0)
4691 char* strshorten(char *s
, size_t l
) {
4700 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c
) {
4702 (c
>= 'a' && c
<= 'z') ||
4703 (c
>= 'A' && c
<= 'Z') ||
4704 (c
>= '0' && c
<= '9') ||
4710 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s
) {
4716 for (p
= s
; *p
; p
++)
4717 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p
))
4720 if (p
-s
> HOST_NAME_MAX
)
4726 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s
) {
4729 for (p
= s
, d
= s
; *p
; p
++)
4730 if ((*p
>= 'a' && *p
<= 'z') ||
4731 (*p
>= 'A' && *p
<= 'Z') ||
4732 (*p
>= '0' && *p
<= '9') ||
4740 strshorten(s
, HOST_NAME_MAX
);
4744 int pipe_eof(int fd
) {
4745 struct pollfd pollfd
;
4750 pollfd
.events
= POLLIN
|POLLHUP
;
4752 r
= poll(&pollfd
, 1, 0);
4759 return pollfd
.revents
& POLLHUP
;
4762 int fopen_temporary(const char *path
, FILE **_f
, char **_temp_path
) {
4773 t
= new(char, strlen(path
) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4777 fn
= file_name_from_path(path
);
4781 stpcpy(stpcpy(t
+k
+1, fn
), "XXXXXX");
4783 fd
= mkostemp(t
, O_WRONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4789 f
= fdopen(fd
, "we");
4802 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd
) {
4805 if (ioctl(fd
, TIOCVHANGUP
) < 0)
4811 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name
) {
4814 fd
= open_terminal(name
, O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4818 r
= terminal_vhangup_fd(fd
);
4819 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
4824 int vt_disallocate(const char *name
) {
4828 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4829 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4830 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4832 if (!startswith(name
, "/dev/"))
4835 if (!tty_is_vc(name
)) {
4836 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4837 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4839 fd
= open_terminal(name
, O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4844 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4845 "\033[H" /* move home */
4846 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4848 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
4853 if (!startswith(name
, "/dev/tty"))
4856 r
= safe_atou(name
+8, &u
);
4863 /* Try to deallocate */
4864 fd
= open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4868 r
= ioctl(fd
, VT_DISALLOCATE
, u
);
4869 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
4877 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4879 fd
= open_terminal(name
, O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
4884 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4885 "\033[H" /* move home */
4886 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4888 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
4894 static int file_is_conf(const struct dirent
*d
, const char *suffix
) {
4897 if (ignore_file(d
->d_name
))
4900 if (d
->d_type
!= DT_REG
&&
4901 d
->d_type
!= DT_LNK
&&
4902 d
->d_type
!= DT_UNKNOWN
)
4905 return endswith(d
->d_name
, suffix
);
4908 static int files_add(Hashmap
*h
, const char *path
, const char *suffix
) {
4910 struct dirent buffer
, *de
;
4913 dir
= opendir(path
);
4915 if (errno
== ENOENT
)
4924 k
= readdir_r(dir
, &buffer
, &de
);
4933 if (!file_is_conf(de
, suffix
))
4936 if (asprintf(&p
, "%s/%s", path
, de
->d_name
) < 0) {
4941 f
= canonicalize_file_name(p
);
4943 log_error("Failed to canonicalize file name '%s': %m", p
);
4949 log_debug("found: %s\n", f
);
4950 if (hashmap_put(h
, file_name_from_path(f
), f
) <= 0)
4959 static int base_cmp(const void *a
, const void *b
) {
4960 const char *s1
, *s2
;
4962 s1
= *(char * const *)a
;
4963 s2
= *(char * const *)b
;
4964 return strcmp(file_name_from_path(s1
), file_name_from_path(s2
));
4967 int conf_files_list(char ***strv
, const char *suffix
, const char *dir
, ...) {
4970 char **files
= NULL
;
4976 dirs
= strv_new_ap(dir
, ap
);
4982 if (!strv_path_canonicalize(dirs
)) {
4986 if (!strv_uniq(dirs
)) {
4991 fh
= hashmap_new(string_hash_func
, string_compare_func
);
4997 STRV_FOREACH(p
, dirs
) {
4998 if (files_add(fh
, *p
, suffix
) < 0) {
4999 log_error("Failed to search for files.");
5005 files
= hashmap_get_strv(fh
);
5006 if (files
== NULL
) {
5007 log_error("Failed to compose list of files.");
5012 qsort(files
, hashmap_size(fh
), sizeof(char *), base_cmp
);
5021 int hwclock_is_localtime(void) {
5026 * The third line of adjtime is "UTC" or "LOCAL" or nothing.
5032 f
= fopen("/etc/adjtime", "re");
5034 char line
[LINE_MAX
];
5037 b
= fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
) &&
5038 fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
) &&
5039 fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
);
5048 local
= streq(line
, "LOCAL");
5050 } else if (errno
!= -ENOENT
)
5056 int hwclock_apply_localtime_delta(int *min
) {
5057 const struct timeval
*tv_null
= NULL
;
5063 assert_se(clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME
, &ts
) == 0);
5064 assert_se(tm
= localtime(&ts
.tv_sec
));
5065 minuteswest
= tm
->tm_gmtoff
/ 60;
5067 tz
.tz_minuteswest
= -minuteswest
;
5068 tz
.tz_dsttime
= 0; /* DST_NONE*/
5071 * If the hardware clock does not run in UTC, but in local time:
5072 * The very first time we set the kernel's timezone, it will warp
5073 * the clock so that it runs in UTC instead of local time.
5075 if (settimeofday(tv_null
, &tz
) < 0)
5082 int hwclock_reset_localtime_delta(void) {
5083 const struct timeval
*tv_null
= NULL
;
5086 tz
.tz_minuteswest
= 0;
5087 tz
.tz_dsttime
= 0; /* DST_NONE*/
5089 if (settimeofday(tv_null
, &tz
) < 0)
5095 int hwclock_get_time(struct tm
*tm
) {
5101 fd
= open("/dev/rtc0", O_RDONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
5105 /* This leaves the timezone fields of struct tm
5107 if (ioctl(fd
, RTC_RD_TIME
, tm
) < 0)
5110 /* We don't now daylight saving, so we reset this in order not
5111 * to confused mktime(). */
5114 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
5119 int hwclock_set_time(const struct tm
*tm
) {
5125 fd
= open("/dev/rtc0", O_RDONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
);
5129 if (ioctl(fd
, RTC_SET_TIME
, tm
) < 0)
5132 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
5137 int copy_file(const char *from
, const char *to
) {
5143 fdf
= open(from
, O_RDONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOCTTY
);
5147 fdt
= open(to
, O_WRONLY
|O_CREAT
|O_EXCL
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOCTTY
, 0644);
5149 close_nointr_nofail(fdf
);
5157 n
= read(fdf
, buf
, sizeof(buf
));
5161 close_nointr_nofail(fdf
);
5172 k
= loop_write(fdt
, buf
, n
, false);
5174 r
= k
< 0 ? k
: (errno
? -errno
: -EIO
);
5176 close_nointr_nofail(fdf
);
5184 close_nointr_nofail(fdf
);
5185 r
= close_nointr(fdt
);
5195 int symlink_or_copy(const char *from
, const char *to
) {
5196 char *pf
= NULL
, *pt
= NULL
;
5203 if (parent_of_path(from
, &pf
) < 0 ||
5204 parent_of_path(to
, &pt
) < 0) {
5209 if (stat(pf
, &a
) < 0 ||
5215 if (a
.st_dev
!= b
.st_dev
) {
5219 return copy_file(from
, to
);
5222 if (symlink(from
, to
) < 0) {
5236 int symlink_or_copy_atomic(const char *from
, const char *to
) {
5240 unsigned long long ull
;
5247 t
= new(char, strlen(to
) + 1 + 16 + 1);
5251 fn
= file_name_from_path(to
);
5255 x
= stpcpy(t
+k
+1, fn
);
5258 for (i
= 0; i
< 16; i
++) {
5259 *(x
++) = hexchar(ull
& 0xF);
5265 r
= symlink_or_copy(from
, t
);
5272 if (rename(t
, to
) < 0) {
5283 int audit_session_from_pid(pid_t pid
, uint32_t *id
) {
5291 if (have_effective_cap(CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL
) <= 0)
5294 if (asprintf(&p
, "/proc/%lu/sessionid", (unsigned long) pid
) < 0)
5297 r
= read_one_line_file(p
, &s
);
5302 r
= safe_atou32(s
, &u
);
5308 if (u
== (uint32_t) -1 || u
<= 0)
5315 bool display_is_local(const char *display
) {
5319 display
[0] == ':' &&
5320 display
[1] >= '0' &&
5324 int socket_from_display(const char *display
, char **path
) {
5331 if (!display_is_local(display
))
5334 k
= strspn(display
+1, "0123456789");
5336 f
= new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k
);
5340 c
= stpcpy(f
, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
5341 memcpy(c
, display
+1, k
);
5349 int get_user_creds(const char **username
, uid_t
*uid
, gid_t
*gid
, const char **home
) {
5356 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
5357 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
5359 if (streq(*username
, "root") || streq(*username
, "0")) {
5373 if (parse_uid(*username
, &u
) >= 0) {
5377 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
5378 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
5379 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
5380 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
5381 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
5383 *username
= p
->pw_name
;
5386 p
= getpwnam(*username
);
5390 return errno
!= 0 ? -errno
: -ESRCH
;
5404 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname
, gid_t
*gid
) {
5410 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
5411 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
5413 if (streq(*groupname
, "root") || streq(*groupname
, "0")) {
5414 *groupname
= "root";
5422 if (parse_gid(*groupname
, &id
) >= 0) {
5427 *groupname
= g
->gr_name
;
5430 g
= getgrnam(*groupname
);
5434 return errno
!= 0 ? -errno
: -ESRCH
;
5442 int glob_exists(const char *path
) {
5450 k
= glob(path
, GLOB_NOSORT
|GLOB_BRACE
, NULL
, &g
);
5452 if (k
== GLOB_NOMATCH
)
5454 else if (k
== GLOB_NOSPACE
)
5457 r
= !strv_isempty(g
.gl_pathv
);
5459 r
= errno
? -errno
: -EIO
;
5466 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d
, struct dirent
*de
) {
5472 if (de
->d_type
!= DT_UNKNOWN
)
5475 if (fstatat(dirfd(d
), de
->d_name
, &st
, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
) < 0)
5479 S_ISREG(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_REG
:
5480 S_ISDIR(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_DIR
:
5481 S_ISLNK(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_LNK
:
5482 S_ISFIFO(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_FIFO
:
5483 S_ISSOCK(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_SOCK
:
5484 S_ISCHR(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_CHR
:
5485 S_ISBLK(st
.st_mode
) ? DT_BLK
:
5491 int in_search_path(const char *path
, char **search
) {
5495 r
= parent_of_path(path
, &parent
);
5501 STRV_FOREACH(i
, search
) {
5502 if (path_equal(parent
, *i
)) {
5513 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path
, char ***list
) {
5521 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
5522 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
5530 struct dirent buffer
, *de
;
5533 k
= readdir_r(d
, &buffer
, &de
);
5542 dirent_ensure_type(d
, de
);
5544 if (!dirent_is_file(de
))
5548 if ((unsigned) r
>= n
) {
5552 t
= realloc(l
, sizeof(char*) * n
);
5561 assert((unsigned) r
< n
);
5563 l
[r
] = strdup(de
->d_name
);
5587 char *join(const char *x
, ...) {
5600 t
= va_arg(ap
, const char *);
5623 t
= va_arg(ap
, const char *);
5637 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5638 static __thread
int cached
= 0;
5640 if (_unlikely_(cached
== 0))
5641 cached
= getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5646 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d
, dev_t
*ret
) {
5653 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5654 if (asprintf(&p
, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d
), minor(d
)) < 0)
5657 r
= access(p
, F_OK
);
5665 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5666 if (asprintf(&p
, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d
), minor(d
)) < 0)
5669 r
= access(p
, F_OK
);
5675 /* Get parent dev_t */
5676 if (asprintf(&p
, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d
), minor(d
)) < 0)
5679 r
= read_one_line_file(p
, &s
);
5685 r
= sscanf(s
, "%u:%u", &m
, &n
);
5691 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5692 if (asprintf(&p
, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m
, n
) < 0)
5695 r
= access(p
, F_OK
);
5699 *ret
= makedev(m
, n
);
5706 int file_is_sticky(const char *p
) {
5711 if (lstat(p
, &st
) < 0)
5716 (st
.st_mode
& S_ISVTX
);
5719 static const char *const ioprio_class_table
[] = {
5720 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE
] = "none",
5721 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT
] = "realtime",
5722 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE
] = "best-effort",
5723 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE
] = "idle"
5726 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class
, int);
5728 static const char *const sigchld_code_table
[] = {
5729 [CLD_EXITED
] = "exited",
5730 [CLD_KILLED
] = "killed",
5731 [CLD_DUMPED
] = "dumped",
5732 [CLD_TRAPPED
] = "trapped",
5733 [CLD_STOPPED
] = "stopped",
5734 [CLD_CONTINUED
] = "continued",
5737 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code
, int);
5739 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table
[LOG_NFACILITIES
] = {
5740 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN
)] = "kern",
5741 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER
)] = "user",
5742 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL
)] = "mail",
5743 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON
)] = "daemon",
5744 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH
)] = "auth",
5745 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG
)] = "syslog",
5746 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR
)] = "lpr",
5747 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS
)] = "news",
5748 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP
)] = "uucp",
5749 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON
)] = "cron",
5750 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV
)] = "authpriv",
5751 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP
)] = "ftp",
5752 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0
)] = "local0",
5753 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1
)] = "local1",
5754 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2
)] = "local2",
5755 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3
)] = "local3",
5756 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4
)] = "local4",
5757 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5
)] = "local5",
5758 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6
)] = "local6",
5759 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7
)] = "local7"
5762 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted
, int);
5764 static const char *const log_level_table
[] = {
5765 [LOG_EMERG
] = "emerg",
5766 [LOG_ALERT
] = "alert",
5767 [LOG_CRIT
] = "crit",
5769 [LOG_WARNING
] = "warning",
5770 [LOG_NOTICE
] = "notice",
5771 [LOG_INFO
] = "info",
5772 [LOG_DEBUG
] = "debug"
5775 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level
, int);
5777 static const char* const sched_policy_table
[] = {
5778 [SCHED_OTHER
] = "other",
5779 [SCHED_BATCH
] = "batch",
5780 [SCHED_IDLE
] = "idle",
5781 [SCHED_FIFO
] = "fifo",
5785 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy
, int);
5787 static const char* const rlimit_table
[] = {
5788 [RLIMIT_CPU
] = "LimitCPU",
5789 [RLIMIT_FSIZE
] = "LimitFSIZE",
5790 [RLIMIT_DATA
] = "LimitDATA",
5791 [RLIMIT_STACK
] = "LimitSTACK",
5792 [RLIMIT_CORE
] = "LimitCORE",
5793 [RLIMIT_RSS
] = "LimitRSS",
5794 [RLIMIT_NOFILE
] = "LimitNOFILE",
5795 [RLIMIT_AS
] = "LimitAS",
5796 [RLIMIT_NPROC
] = "LimitNPROC",
5797 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5798 [RLIMIT_LOCKS
] = "LimitLOCKS",
5799 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5800 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE
] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5801 [RLIMIT_NICE
] = "LimitNICE",
5802 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO
] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5803 [RLIMIT_RTTIME
] = "LimitRTTIME"
5806 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit
, int);
5808 static const char* const ip_tos_table
[] = {
5809 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY
] = "low-delay",
5810 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT
] = "throughput",
5811 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY
] = "reliability",
5812 [IPTOS_LOWCOST
] = "low-cost",
5815 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos
, int);
5817 static const char *const __signal_table
[] = {
5834 [SIGSTKFLT
] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5845 [SIGVTALRM
] = "VTALRM",
5847 [SIGWINCH
] = "WINCH",
5853 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal
, int);
5855 const char *signal_to_string(int signo
) {
5856 static __thread
char buf
[12];
5859 name
= __signal_to_string(signo
);
5863 if (signo
>= SIGRTMIN
&& signo
<= SIGRTMAX
)
5864 snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo
- SIGRTMIN
);
5866 snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
) - 1, "%d", signo
);
5871 int signal_from_string(const char *s
) {
5876 signo
=__signal_from_string(s
);
5880 if (startswith(s
, "RTMIN+")) {
5884 if (safe_atou(s
, &u
) >= 0) {
5885 signo
= (int) u
+ offset
;
5886 if (signo
> 0 && signo
< _NSIG
)
5892 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5893 bool loaded
= false;
5896 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s
) >= 0) {