1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
61 #include "exit-status.h"
64 size_t page_size(void) {
65 static __thread
size_t pgsz
= 0;
71 assert_se((r
= sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE
)) > 0);
78 bool streq_ptr(const char *a
, const char *b
) {
80 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
91 usec_t
now(clockid_t clock_id
) {
94 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id
, &ts
) == 0);
96 return timespec_load(&ts
);
99 dual_timestamp
* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp
*ts
) {
102 ts
->realtime
= now(CLOCK_REALTIME
);
103 ts
->monotonic
= now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC
);
108 usec_t
timespec_load(const struct timespec
*ts
) {
112 (usec_t
) ts
->tv_sec
* USEC_PER_SEC
+
113 (usec_t
) ts
->tv_nsec
/ NSEC_PER_USEC
;
116 struct timespec
*timespec_store(struct timespec
*ts
, usec_t u
) {
119 ts
->tv_sec
= (time_t) (u
/ USEC_PER_SEC
);
120 ts
->tv_nsec
= (long int) ((u
% USEC_PER_SEC
) * NSEC_PER_USEC
);
125 usec_t
timeval_load(const struct timeval
*tv
) {
129 (usec_t
) tv
->tv_sec
* USEC_PER_SEC
+
130 (usec_t
) tv
->tv_usec
;
133 struct timeval
*timeval_store(struct timeval
*tv
, usec_t u
) {
136 tv
->tv_sec
= (time_t) (u
/ USEC_PER_SEC
);
137 tv
->tv_usec
= (suseconds_t
) (u
% USEC_PER_SEC
);
142 bool endswith(const char *s
, const char *postfix
) {
149 pl
= strlen(postfix
);
157 return memcmp(s
+ sl
- pl
, postfix
, pl
) == 0;
160 bool startswith(const char *s
, const char *prefix
) {
175 return memcmp(s
, prefix
, pl
) == 0;
178 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s
, const char *prefix
) {
194 for(i
= 0; i
< pl
; ++i
) {
195 if (tolower(s
[i
]) != tolower(prefix
[i
]))
202 bool first_word(const char *s
, const char *word
) {
217 if (memcmp(s
, word
, wl
) != 0)
221 strchr(WHITESPACE
, s
[wl
]);
224 int close_nointr(int fd
) {
230 if ((r
= close(fd
)) >= 0)
238 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd
) {
239 int saved_errno
= errno
;
241 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
244 assert_se(close_nointr(fd
) == 0);
249 void close_many(const int fds
[], unsigned n_fd
) {
252 for (i
= 0; i
< n_fd
; i
++)
253 close_nointr_nofail(fds
[i
]);
256 int parse_boolean(const char *v
) {
259 if (streq(v
, "1") || v
[0] == 'y' || v
[0] == 'Y' || v
[0] == 't' || v
[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v
, "on"))
261 else if (streq(v
, "0") || v
[0] == 'n' || v
[0] == 'N' || v
[0] == 'f' || v
[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v
, "off"))
267 int parse_pid(const char *s
, pid_t
* ret_pid
) {
268 unsigned long ul
= 0;
275 if ((r
= safe_atolu(s
, &ul
)) < 0)
280 if ((unsigned long) pid
!= ul
)
290 int safe_atou(const char *s
, unsigned *ret_u
) {
298 l
= strtoul(s
, &x
, 0);
300 if (!x
|| *x
|| errno
)
301 return errno
? -errno
: -EINVAL
;
303 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l
!= l
)
306 *ret_u
= (unsigned) l
;
310 int safe_atoi(const char *s
, int *ret_i
) {
318 l
= strtol(s
, &x
, 0);
320 if (!x
|| *x
|| errno
)
321 return errno
? -errno
: -EINVAL
;
323 if ((long) (int) l
!= l
)
330 int safe_atollu(const char *s
, long long unsigned *ret_llu
) {
332 unsigned long long l
;
338 l
= strtoull(s
, &x
, 0);
340 if (!x
|| *x
|| errno
)
341 return errno
? -errno
: -EINVAL
;
347 int safe_atolli(const char *s
, long long int *ret_lli
) {
355 l
= strtoll(s
, &x
, 0);
357 if (!x
|| *x
|| errno
)
358 return errno
? -errno
: -EINVAL
;
364 /* Split a string into words. */
365 char *split(const char *c
, size_t *l
, const char *separator
, char **state
) {
368 current
= *state
? *state
: (char*) c
;
370 if (!*current
|| *c
== 0)
373 current
+= strspn(current
, separator
);
374 *l
= strcspn(current
, separator
);
377 return (char*) current
;
380 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
381 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
382 char *split_quoted(const char *c
, size_t *l
, char **state
) {
384 bool escaped
= false;
386 current
= *state
? *state
: (char*) c
;
388 if (!*current
|| *c
== 0)
391 current
+= strspn(current
, WHITESPACE
);
393 if (*current
== '\'') {
396 for (e
= current
; *e
; e
++) {
406 *state
= *e
== 0 ? e
: e
+1;
407 } else if (*current
== '\"') {
410 for (e
= current
; *e
; e
++) {
420 *state
= *e
== 0 ? e
: e
+1;
422 for (e
= current
; *e
; e
++) {
427 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE
, *e
))
434 return (char*) current
;
437 char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p
) {
441 if (!(l
= strv_split(p
, ":")))
444 if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l
)) {
452 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid
, pid_t
*_ppid
) {
455 char fn
[132], line
[256], *p
;
461 assert_se(snprintf(fn
, sizeof(fn
)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid
) < (int) (sizeof(fn
)-1));
462 fn
[sizeof(fn
)-1] = 0;
464 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "r")))
467 if (!(fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
))) {
475 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
476 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
477 * skip over it manually */
479 if (!(p
= strrchr(line
, ')')))
490 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t
) ppid
!= ppid
)
493 *_ppid
= (pid_t
) ppid
;
498 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn
, const char *line
) {
505 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "we")))
508 if (fputs(line
, f
) < 0) {
513 if (!endswith(line
, "\n"))
522 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn
, char **line
) {
525 char t
[LINE_MAX
], *c
;
530 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "re")))
533 if (!(fgets(t
, sizeof(t
), f
))) {
538 if (!(c
= strdup(t
))) {
551 int read_full_file(const char *fn
, char **contents
) {
558 if (!(f
= fopen(fn
, "re")))
561 if (fstat(fileno(f
), &st
) < 0) {
566 n
= st
.st_size
> 0 ? st
.st_size
: LINE_MAX
;
573 if (!(t
= realloc(buf
, n
+1))) {
579 k
= fread(buf
+ l
, 1, n
- l
, f
);
594 if (n
> 4*1024*1024) {
602 else if (!(buf
= calloc(1, 1))) {
621 const char *separator
, ...) {
629 if ((r
= read_full_file(fname
, &contents
)) < 0)
634 const char *key
= NULL
;
636 p
+= strspn(p
, separator
);
637 p
+= strspn(p
, WHITESPACE
);
642 if (!strchr(COMMENTS
, *p
)) {
646 va_start(ap
, separator
);
647 while ((key
= va_arg(ap
, char *))) {
651 value
= va_arg(ap
, char **);
654 if (strncmp(p
, key
, n
) != 0 ||
659 n
= strcspn(p
, separator
);
662 strchr(QUOTES
, p
[0]) &&
664 v
= strndup(p
+1, n
-2);
675 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
692 p
+= strcspn(p
, separator
);
711 if (!(f
= fopen(fname
, "re")))
715 char l
[LINE_MAX
], *p
, *u
;
718 if (!fgets(l
, sizeof(l
), f
)) {
731 if (strchr(COMMENTS
, *p
))
734 if (!(u
= normalize_env_assignment(p
))) {
735 log_error("Out of memory");
740 t
= strv_append(m
, u
);
744 log_error("Out of memory");
767 char *truncate_nl(char *s
) {
770 s
[strcspn(s
, NEWLINE
)] = 0;
774 int get_process_name(pid_t pid
, char **name
) {
781 if (asprintf(&p
, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid
) < 0)
784 r
= read_one_line_file(p
, name
);
794 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid
, size_t max_length
, char **line
) {
802 assert(max_length
> 0);
805 if (asprintf(&p
, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid
) < 0)
814 if (!(r
= new(char, max_length
))) {
821 while ((c
= getc(f
)) != EOF
) {
843 size_t n
= MIN(left
-1, 3U);
851 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
858 if ((h
= get_process_name(pid
, &t
)) < 0)
861 h
= asprintf(&r
, "[%s]", t
);
872 char *strnappend(const char *s
, const char *suffix
, size_t b
) {
880 return strndup(suffix
, b
);
890 if (!(r
= new(char, a
+b
+1)))
894 memcpy(r
+a
, suffix
, b
);
900 char *strappend(const char *s
, const char *suffix
) {
901 return strnappend(s
, suffix
, suffix
? strlen(suffix
) : 0);
904 int readlink_malloc(const char *p
, char **r
) {
914 if (!(c
= new(char, l
)))
917 if ((n
= readlink(p
, c
, l
-1)) < 0) {
923 if ((size_t) n
< l
-1) {
934 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p
, char **r
) {
941 if ((j
= readlink_malloc(p
, &target
)) < 0)
944 k
= file_in_same_dir(p
, target
);
954 int parent_of_path(const char *path
, char **_r
) {
955 const char *e
, *a
= NULL
, *b
= NULL
, *p
;
965 for (e
= path
; *e
; e
++) {
967 if (!slash
&& *e
== '/') {
971 } else if (slash
&& *e
!= '/')
986 r
= strndup(path
, p
-path
);
996 char *file_name_from_path(const char *p
) {
1001 if ((r
= strrchr(p
, '/')))
1007 bool path_is_absolute(const char *p
) {
1013 bool is_path(const char *p
) {
1015 return !!strchr(p
, '/');
1018 char *path_make_absolute(const char *p
, const char *prefix
) {
1023 /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
1024 * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
1026 if (path_is_absolute(p
) || !prefix
)
1029 if (asprintf(&r
, "%s/%s", prefix
, p
) < 0)
1035 char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p
) {
1040 /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
1041 * current working directory. */
1043 if (path_is_absolute(p
))
1046 if (!(cwd
= get_current_dir_name()))
1049 r
= path_make_absolute(p
, cwd
);
1055 char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l
) {
1058 /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
1059 * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
1060 * changes on failure. */
1062 STRV_FOREACH(s
, l
) {
1065 if (!(t
= path_make_absolute_cwd(*s
)))
1075 char **strv_path_canonicalize(char **l
) {
1078 bool enomem
= false;
1080 if (strv_isempty(l
))
1083 /* Goes through every item in the string list and canonicalize
1084 * the path. This works in place and won't rollback any
1085 * changes on failure. */
1087 STRV_FOREACH(s
, l
) {
1090 t
= path_make_absolute_cwd(*s
);
1099 u
= canonicalize_file_name(t
);
1103 if (errno
== ENOMEM
|| !errno
)
1120 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1123 for (sig
= 1; sig
< _NSIG
; sig
++) {
1124 struct sigaction sa
;
1126 if (sig
== SIGKILL
|| sig
== SIGSTOP
)
1130 sa
.sa_handler
= SIG_DFL
;
1131 sa
.sa_flags
= SA_RESTART
;
1133 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1134 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1135 if ((sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0))
1136 if (errno
!= EINVAL
)
1143 char *strstrip(char *s
) {
1146 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1147 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1149 s
+= strspn(s
, WHITESPACE
);
1151 for (e
= s
; *e
; e
++)
1152 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE
, *e
))
1163 char *delete_chars(char *s
, const char *bad
) {
1166 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1168 for (f
= s
, t
= s
; *f
; f
++) {
1169 if (strchr(bad
, *f
))
1180 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path
, const char *filename
) {
1187 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1188 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1191 if (path_is_absolute(filename
))
1192 return strdup(filename
);
1194 if (!(e
= strrchr(path
, '/')))
1195 return strdup(filename
);
1197 k
= strlen(filename
);
1198 if (!(r
= new(char, e
-path
+1+k
+1)))
1201 memcpy(r
, path
, e
-path
+1);
1202 memcpy(r
+(e
-path
)+1, filename
, k
+1);
1207 int safe_mkdir(const char *path
, mode_t mode
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
1210 if (label_mkdir(path
, mode
) >= 0)
1211 if (chmod_and_chown(path
, mode
, uid
, gid
) < 0)
1214 if (lstat(path
, &st
) < 0)
1217 if ((st
.st_mode
& 0777) != mode
||
1220 !S_ISDIR(st
.st_mode
)) {
1229 int mkdir_parents(const char *path
, mode_t mode
) {
1234 /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last
1237 p
= path
+ strspn(path
, "/");
1242 e
= p
+ strcspn(p
, "/");
1243 p
= e
+ strspn(e
, "/");
1245 /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're
1250 if (!(t
= strndup(path
, e
- path
)))
1253 r
= label_mkdir(t
, mode
);
1256 if (r
< 0 && errno
!= EEXIST
)
1261 int mkdir_p(const char *path
, mode_t mode
) {
1266 if ((r
= mkdir_parents(path
, mode
)) < 0)
1269 if (label_mkdir(path
, mode
) < 0 && errno
!= EEXIST
)
1275 int rmdir_parents(const char *path
, const char *stop
) {
1284 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1285 while (l
> 0 && path
[l
-1] == '/')
1291 /* Skip last component */
1292 while (l
> 0 && path
[l
-1] != '/')
1295 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1296 while (l
> 0 && path
[l
-1] == '/')
1302 if (!(t
= strndup(path
, l
)))
1305 if (path_startswith(stop
, t
)) {
1314 if (errno
!= ENOENT
)
1322 char hexchar(int x
) {
1323 static const char table
[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1325 return table
[x
& 15];
1328 int unhexchar(char c
) {
1330 if (c
>= '0' && c
<= '9')
1333 if (c
>= 'a' && c
<= 'f')
1334 return c
- 'a' + 10;
1336 if (c
>= 'A' && c
<= 'F')
1337 return c
- 'A' + 10;
1342 char octchar(int x
) {
1343 return '0' + (x
& 7);
1346 int unoctchar(char c
) {
1348 if (c
>= '0' && c
<= '7')
1354 char decchar(int x
) {
1355 return '0' + (x
% 10);
1358 int undecchar(char c
) {
1360 if (c
>= '0' && c
<= '9')
1366 char *cescape(const char *s
) {
1372 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1374 if (!(r
= new(char, strlen(s
)*4 + 1)))
1377 for (f
= s
, t
= r
; *f
; f
++)
1423 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1424 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1425 * g_strescape() does the same */
1426 if ((*f
< ' ') || (*f
>= 127)) {
1428 *(t
++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f
>> 6);
1429 *(t
++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f
>> 3);
1430 *(t
++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f
);
1441 char *cunescape_length(const char *s
, size_t length
) {
1447 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1449 if (!(r
= new(char, length
+1)))
1452 for (f
= s
, t
= r
; f
< s
+ length
; f
++) {
1495 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1500 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1503 if ((a
= unhexchar(f
[1])) < 0 ||
1504 (b
= unhexchar(f
[2])) < 0) {
1505 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1509 *(t
++) = (char) ((a
<< 4) | b
);
1524 /* octal encoding */
1527 if ((a
= unoctchar(f
[0])) < 0 ||
1528 (b
= unoctchar(f
[1])) < 0 ||
1529 (c
= unoctchar(f
[2])) < 0) {
1530 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1534 *(t
++) = (char) ((a
<< 6) | (b
<< 3) | c
);
1542 /* premature end of string.*/
1547 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1559 char *cunescape(const char *s
) {
1560 return cunescape_length(s
, strlen(s
));
1563 char *xescape(const char *s
, const char *bad
) {
1567 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1568 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1571 if (!(r
= new(char, strlen(s
)*4+1)))
1574 for (f
= s
, t
= r
; *f
; f
++) {
1576 if ((*f
< ' ') || (*f
>= 127) ||
1577 (*f
== '\\') || strchr(bad
, *f
)) {
1580 *(t
++) = hexchar(*f
>> 4);
1581 *(t
++) = hexchar(*f
);
1591 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s
) {
1597 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1598 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1600 if (!(r
= new(char, strlen(s
)*3+1)))
1603 for (f
= s
, t
= r
; *f
; f
++) {
1605 if (!(*f
>= 'A' && *f
<= 'Z') &&
1606 !(*f
>= 'a' && *f
<= 'z') &&
1607 !(*f
>= '0' && *f
<= '9')) {
1609 *(t
++) = hexchar(*f
>> 4);
1610 *(t
++) = hexchar(*f
);
1620 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f
) {
1625 if (!(r
= strdup(f
)))
1628 for (t
= r
; *f
; f
++) {
1633 if ((a
= unhexchar(f
[1])) < 0 ||
1634 (b
= unhexchar(f
[2])) < 0) {
1635 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1638 *(t
++) = (char) ((a
<< 4) | b
);
1650 char *path_kill_slashes(char *path
) {
1654 /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the
1655 * passed string in-place.
1657 * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar
1660 for (f
= path
, t
= path
; *f
; f
++) {
1675 /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a
1676 trailing slash is good */
1678 if (t
== path
&& slash
)
1685 bool path_startswith(const char *path
, const char *prefix
) {
1689 if ((path
[0] == '/') != (prefix
[0] == '/'))
1695 path
+= strspn(path
, "/");
1696 prefix
+= strspn(prefix
, "/");
1704 a
= strcspn(path
, "/");
1705 b
= strcspn(prefix
, "/");
1710 if (memcmp(path
, prefix
, a
) != 0)
1718 bool path_equal(const char *a
, const char *b
) {
1722 if ((a
[0] == '/') != (b
[0] == '/'))
1728 a
+= strspn(a
, "/");
1729 b
+= strspn(b
, "/");
1731 if (*a
== 0 && *b
== 0)
1734 if (*a
== 0 || *b
== 0)
1737 j
= strcspn(a
, "/");
1738 k
= strcspn(b
, "/");
1743 if (memcmp(a
, b
, j
) != 0)
1751 char *ascii_strlower(char *t
) {
1756 for (p
= t
; *p
; p
++)
1757 if (*p
>= 'A' && *p
<= 'Z')
1758 *p
= *p
- 'A' + 'a';
1763 bool ignore_file(const char *filename
) {
1767 filename
[0] == '.' ||
1768 streq(filename
, "lost+found") ||
1769 streq(filename
, "aquota.user") ||
1770 streq(filename
, "aquota.group") ||
1771 endswith(filename
, "~") ||
1772 endswith(filename
, ".rpmnew") ||
1773 endswith(filename
, ".rpmsave") ||
1774 endswith(filename
, ".rpmorig") ||
1775 endswith(filename
, ".dpkg-old") ||
1776 endswith(filename
, ".dpkg-new") ||
1777 endswith(filename
, ".swp");
1780 int fd_nonblock(int fd
, bool nonblock
) {
1785 if ((flags
= fcntl(fd
, F_GETFL
, 0)) < 0)
1789 flags
|= O_NONBLOCK
;
1791 flags
&= ~O_NONBLOCK
;
1793 if (fcntl(fd
, F_SETFL
, flags
) < 0)
1799 int fd_cloexec(int fd
, bool cloexec
) {
1804 if ((flags
= fcntl(fd
, F_GETFD
, 0)) < 0)
1808 flags
|= FD_CLOEXEC
;
1810 flags
&= ~FD_CLOEXEC
;
1812 if (fcntl(fd
, F_SETFD
, flags
) < 0)
1818 int close_all_fds(const int except
[], unsigned n_except
) {
1823 if (!(d
= opendir("/proc/self/fd")))
1826 while ((de
= readdir(d
))) {
1829 if (ignore_file(de
->d_name
))
1832 if (safe_atoi(de
->d_name
, &fd
) < 0)
1833 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1847 for (i
= 0; i
< n_except
; i
++)
1848 if (except
[i
] == fd
) {
1857 if (close_nointr(fd
) < 0) {
1858 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1859 if (errno
!= EBADF
&& r
== 0)
1868 bool chars_intersect(const char *a
, const char *b
) {
1871 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1872 for (p
= a
; *p
; p
++)
1879 char *format_timestamp(char *buf
, size_t l
, usec_t t
) {
1889 sec
= (time_t) (t
/ USEC_PER_SEC
);
1891 if (strftime(buf
, l
, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec
, &tm
)) <= 0)
1897 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf
, size_t l
, usec_t t
) {
1900 n
= now(CLOCK_REALTIME
);
1902 if (t
<= 0 || t
> n
|| t
+ USEC_PER_DAY
*7 <= t
)
1907 if (d
>= USEC_PER_YEAR
)
1908 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1909 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_YEAR
),
1910 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_YEAR
) / USEC_PER_MONTH
));
1911 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_MONTH
)
1912 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1913 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_MONTH
),
1914 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_MONTH
) / USEC_PER_DAY
));
1915 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_WEEK
)
1916 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1917 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_WEEK
),
1918 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_WEEK
) / USEC_PER_DAY
));
1919 else if (d
>= 2*USEC_PER_DAY
)
1920 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_DAY
));
1921 else if (d
>= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR
)
1922 snprintf(buf
, l
, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1923 (unsigned long long) ((d
- USEC_PER_DAY
) / USEC_PER_HOUR
));
1924 else if (d
>= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR
)
1925 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%lluh ago",
1926 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_HOUR
));
1927 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_HOUR
)
1928 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1929 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_HOUR
),
1930 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_HOUR
) / USEC_PER_MINUTE
));
1931 else if (d
>= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE
)
1932 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llumin ago",
1933 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_MINUTE
));
1934 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_MINUTE
)
1935 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llumin %llus ago",
1936 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_MINUTE
),
1937 (unsigned long long) ((d
% USEC_PER_MINUTE
) / USEC_PER_SEC
));
1938 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_SEC
)
1939 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llus ago",
1940 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_SEC
));
1941 else if (d
>= USEC_PER_MSEC
)
1942 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%llums ago",
1943 (unsigned long long) (d
/ USEC_PER_MSEC
));
1945 snprintf(buf
, l
, "%lluus ago",
1946 (unsigned long long) d
);
1948 snprintf(buf
, l
, "now");
1954 char *format_timespan(char *buf
, size_t l
, usec_t t
) {
1955 static const struct {
1959 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK
},
1960 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY
},
1961 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR
},
1962 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE
},
1963 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC
},
1964 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC
},
1974 if (t
== (usec_t
) -1)
1978 snprintf(p
, l
, "0");
1983 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
1985 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(table
); i
++) {
1989 if (t
< table
[i
].usec
)
1995 k
= snprintf(p
, l
, "%s%llu%s", p
> buf
? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t
/ table
[i
].usec
), table
[i
].suffix
);
1996 n
= MIN((size_t) k
, l
);
2009 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype
) {
2010 static const char * const table
[] = {
2022 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(table
); i
++)
2023 if (streq(table
[i
], fstype
))
2032 if ((fd
= open("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0)
2037 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT
,
2041 if (ioctl(fd
, TIOCLINUX
, tiocl
) < 0)
2044 vt
= tiocl
[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl
[0];
2047 if (ioctl(fd
, VT_ACTIVATE
, vt
) < 0)
2050 close_nointr_nofail(r
);
2054 int read_one_char(FILE *f
, char *ret
, bool *need_nl
) {
2055 struct termios old_termios
, new_termios
;
2062 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f
), &old_termios
) >= 0) {
2063 new_termios
= old_termios
;
2065 new_termios
.c_lflag
&= ~ICANON
;
2066 new_termios
.c_cc
[VMIN
] = 1;
2067 new_termios
.c_cc
[VTIME
] = 0;
2069 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f
), TCSADRAIN
, &new_termios
) >= 0) {
2072 k
= fread(&c
, 1, 1, f
);
2074 tcsetattr(fileno(f
), TCSADRAIN
, &old_termios
);
2080 *need_nl
= c
!= '\n';
2087 if (!(fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
)))
2092 if (strlen(line
) != 1)
2102 int ask(char *ret
, const char *replies
, const char *text
, ...) {
2109 on_tty
= isatty(STDOUT_FILENO
);
2115 bool need_nl
= true;
2118 fputs("\x1B[1m", stdout
);
2125 fputs("\x1B[0m", stdout
);
2129 if ((r
= read_one_char(stdin
, &c
, &need_nl
)) < 0) {
2131 if (r
== -EBADMSG
) {
2132 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2143 if (strchr(replies
, c
)) {
2148 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2152 int reset_terminal(int fd
) {
2153 struct termios termios
;
2157 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2161 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2162 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2163 * interfere with that. */
2165 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2166 ioctl(fd
, TIOCNXCL
);
2168 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2170 ioctl(fd
, KDSKBMODE
, &arg
);
2172 if (tcgetattr(fd
, &termios
) < 0) {
2177 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2178 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2179 * else will do that for us */
2181 termios
.c_iflag
&= ~(IGNBRK
| BRKINT
| ISTRIP
| INLCR
| IGNCR
| IUCLC
);
2182 termios
.c_iflag
|= ICRNL
| IMAXBEL
| IUTF8
;
2183 termios
.c_oflag
|= ONLCR
;
2184 termios
.c_cflag
|= CREAD
;
2185 termios
.c_lflag
= ISIG
| ICANON
| IEXTEN
| ECHO
| ECHOE
| ECHOK
| ECHOCTL
| ECHOPRT
| ECHOKE
;
2187 termios
.c_cc
[VINTR
] = 03; /* ^C */
2188 termios
.c_cc
[VQUIT
] = 034; /* ^\ */
2189 termios
.c_cc
[VERASE
] = 0177;
2190 termios
.c_cc
[VKILL
] = 025; /* ^X */
2191 termios
.c_cc
[VEOF
] = 04; /* ^D */
2192 termios
.c_cc
[VSTART
] = 021; /* ^Q */
2193 termios
.c_cc
[VSTOP
] = 023; /* ^S */
2194 termios
.c_cc
[VSUSP
] = 032; /* ^Z */
2195 termios
.c_cc
[VLNEXT
] = 026; /* ^V */
2196 termios
.c_cc
[VWERASE
] = 027; /* ^W */
2197 termios
.c_cc
[VREPRINT
] = 022; /* ^R */
2198 termios
.c_cc
[VEOL
] = 0;
2199 termios
.c_cc
[VEOL2
] = 0;
2201 termios
.c_cc
[VTIME
] = 0;
2202 termios
.c_cc
[VMIN
] = 1;
2204 if (tcsetattr(fd
, TCSANOW
, &termios
) < 0)
2208 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2209 tcflush(fd
, TCIOFLUSH
);
2214 int open_terminal(const char *name
, int mode
) {
2219 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2220 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2221 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2222 * retrying a couple of times.
2224 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2228 if ((fd
= open(name
, mode
)) >= 0)
2237 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC
);
2244 if ((r
= isatty(fd
)) < 0) {
2245 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2250 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2257 int flush_fd(int fd
) {
2258 struct pollfd pollfd
;
2262 pollfd
.events
= POLLIN
;
2269 if ((r
= poll(&pollfd
, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2280 if ((l
= read(fd
, buf
, sizeof(buf
))) < 0) {
2285 if (errno
== EAGAIN
)
2296 int acquire_terminal(const char *name
, bool fail
, bool force
, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm
) {
2297 int fd
= -1, notify
= -1, r
, wd
= -1;
2301 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2302 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2303 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2305 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2306 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2307 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2308 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2309 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2310 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2311 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2312 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2314 if (!fail
&& !force
) {
2315 if ((notify
= inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC
)) < 0) {
2320 if ((wd
= inotify_add_watch(notify
, name
, IN_CLOSE
)) < 0) {
2328 if ((r
= flush_fd(notify
)) < 0)
2331 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2332 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2333 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2334 if ((fd
= open_terminal(name
, O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
)) < 0)
2337 /* First, try to get the tty */
2338 r
= ioctl(fd
, TIOCSCTTY
, force
);
2340 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2341 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2342 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2343 if (r
< 0 && errno
== EPERM
&& ignore_tiocstty_eperm
)
2346 if (r
< 0 && (force
|| fail
|| errno
!= EPERM
)) {
2356 assert(notify
>= 0);
2359 uint8_t inotify_buffer
[sizeof(struct inotify_event
) + FILENAME_MAX
];
2361 struct inotify_event
*e
;
2363 if ((l
= read(notify
, &inotify_buffer
, sizeof(inotify_buffer
))) < 0) {
2372 e
= (struct inotify_event
*) inotify_buffer
;
2377 if (e
->wd
!= wd
|| !(e
->mask
& IN_CLOSE
)) {
2382 step
= sizeof(struct inotify_event
) + e
->len
;
2383 assert(step
<= (size_t) l
);
2385 e
= (struct inotify_event
*) ((uint8_t*) e
+ step
);
2392 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2393 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2394 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2395 * an endless loop. */
2396 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2400 close_nointr_nofail(notify
);
2402 if ((r
= reset_terminal(fd
)) < 0)
2403 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r
));
2409 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2412 close_nointr_nofail(notify
);
2417 int release_terminal(void) {
2419 struct sigaction sa_old
, sa_new
;
2421 if ((fd
= open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
|O_NDELAY
)) < 0)
2424 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2425 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2428 sa_new
.sa_handler
= SIG_IGN
;
2429 sa_new
.sa_flags
= SA_RESTART
;
2430 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP
, &sa_new
, &sa_old
) == 0);
2432 if (ioctl(fd
, TIOCNOTTY
) < 0)
2435 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP
, &sa_old
, NULL
) == 0);
2437 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2441 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction
*sa
, ...) {
2446 while ((sig
= va_arg(ap
, int)) > 0)
2447 if (sigaction(sig
, sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2454 int ignore_signals(int sig
, ...) {
2455 struct sigaction sa
;
2460 sa
.sa_handler
= SIG_IGN
;
2461 sa
.sa_flags
= SA_RESTART
;
2463 if (sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2467 while ((sig
= va_arg(ap
, int)) > 0)
2468 if (sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2475 int default_signals(int sig
, ...) {
2476 struct sigaction sa
;
2481 sa
.sa_handler
= SIG_DFL
;
2482 sa
.sa_flags
= SA_RESTART
;
2484 if (sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2488 while ((sig
= va_arg(ap
, int)) > 0)
2489 if (sigaction(sig
, &sa
, NULL
) < 0)
2496 int close_pipe(int p
[]) {
2502 a
= close_nointr(p
[0]);
2507 b
= close_nointr(p
[1]);
2511 return a
< 0 ? a
: b
;
2514 ssize_t
loop_read(int fd
, void *buf
, size_t nbytes
, bool do_poll
) {
2523 while (nbytes
> 0) {
2526 if ((k
= read(fd
, p
, nbytes
)) <= 0) {
2528 if (k
< 0 && errno
== EINTR
)
2531 if (k
< 0 && errno
== EAGAIN
&& do_poll
) {
2532 struct pollfd pollfd
;
2536 pollfd
.events
= POLLIN
;
2538 if (poll(&pollfd
, 1, -1) < 0) {
2542 return n
> 0 ? n
: -errno
;
2545 if (pollfd
.revents
!= POLLIN
)
2546 return n
> 0 ? n
: -EIO
;
2551 return n
> 0 ? n
: (k
< 0 ? -errno
: 0);
2562 ssize_t
loop_write(int fd
, const void *buf
, size_t nbytes
, bool do_poll
) {
2571 while (nbytes
> 0) {
2574 if ((k
= write(fd
, p
, nbytes
)) <= 0) {
2576 if (k
< 0 && errno
== EINTR
)
2579 if (k
< 0 && errno
== EAGAIN
&& do_poll
) {
2580 struct pollfd pollfd
;
2584 pollfd
.events
= POLLOUT
;
2586 if (poll(&pollfd
, 1, -1) < 0) {
2590 return n
> 0 ? n
: -errno
;
2593 if (pollfd
.revents
!= POLLOUT
)
2594 return n
> 0 ? n
: -EIO
;
2599 return n
> 0 ? n
: (k
< 0 ? -errno
: 0);
2610 int path_is_mount_point(const char *t
) {
2615 if (lstat(t
, &a
) < 0) {
2616 if (errno
== ENOENT
)
2622 if ((r
= parent_of_path(t
, &parent
)) < 0)
2625 r
= lstat(parent
, &b
);
2631 return a
.st_dev
!= b
.st_dev
;
2634 int parse_usec(const char *t
, usec_t
*usec
) {
2635 static const struct {
2639 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC
},
2640 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC
},
2641 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE
},
2642 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR
},
2643 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR
},
2644 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY
},
2645 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK
},
2646 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC
},
2647 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC
},
2648 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE
},
2651 { "", USEC_PER_SEC
},
2667 l
= strtoll(p
, &e
, 10);
2678 e
+= strspn(e
, WHITESPACE
);
2680 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(table
); i
++)
2681 if (startswith(e
, table
[i
].suffix
)) {
2682 r
+= (usec_t
) l
* table
[i
].usec
;
2683 p
= e
+ strlen(table
[i
].suffix
);
2687 if (i
>= ELEMENTSOF(table
))
2697 int make_stdio(int fd
) {
2702 r
= dup2(fd
, STDIN_FILENO
);
2703 s
= dup2(fd
, STDOUT_FILENO
);
2704 t
= dup2(fd
, STDERR_FILENO
);
2707 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2709 if (r
< 0 || s
< 0 || t
< 0)
2715 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2718 if ((null_fd
= open("/dev/null", O_RDWR
|O_NOCTTY
)) < 0)
2721 return make_stdio(null_fd
);
2724 bool is_device_path(const char *path
) {
2726 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2727 * sysfs or in /dev */
2730 path_startswith(path
, "/dev/") ||
2731 path_startswith(path
, "/sys/");
2734 int dir_is_empty(const char *path
) {
2737 struct dirent buf
, *de
;
2739 if (!(d
= opendir(path
)))
2743 if ((r
= readdir_r(d
, &buf
, &de
)) > 0) {
2753 if (!ignore_file(de
->d_name
)) {
2763 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2768 if ((fd
= open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOCTTY
)) < 0)
2771 r
= loop_read(fd
, &ull
, sizeof(ull
), true);
2772 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
2774 if (r
!= sizeof(ull
))
2780 return random() * RAND_MAX
+ random();
2783 void rename_process(const char name
[8]) {
2786 prctl(PR_SET_NAME
, name
);
2788 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). The string
2789 * passed should fit in 7 chars (i.e. the length of
2792 if (program_invocation_name
)
2793 strncpy(program_invocation_name
, name
, strlen(program_invocation_name
));
2796 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t
*ss
, ...) {
2803 while ((sig
= va_arg(ap
, int)) > 0)
2804 assert_se(sigaddset(ss
, sig
) == 0);
2808 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2811 assert_se(uname(&u
) >= 0);
2814 return strdup(u
.nodename
);
2816 return strdup(u
.sysname
);
2819 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2823 struct passwd pwbuf
, *pw
= NULL
;
2826 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO
) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO
, &st
) >= 0)
2831 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2833 return strdup("root");
2835 if ((bufsize
= sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX
)) <= 0)
2838 if (!(buf
= malloc(bufsize
)))
2841 if (getpwuid_r(uid
, &pwbuf
, buf
, bufsize
, &pw
) == 0 && pw
) {
2842 name
= strdup(pw
->pw_name
);
2849 if (asprintf(&name
, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid
) < 0)
2855 int getttyname_malloc(int fd
, char **r
) {
2856 char path
[PATH_MAX
], *c
;
2861 if ((k
= ttyname_r(fd
, path
, sizeof(path
))) != 0)
2866 if (!(c
= strdup(startswith(path
, "/dev/") ? path
+ 5 : path
)))
2873 int getttyname_harder(int fd
, char **r
) {
2877 if ((k
= getttyname_malloc(fd
, &s
)) < 0)
2880 if (streq(s
, "tty")) {
2882 return get_ctty(r
, NULL
);
2889 int get_ctty_devnr(dev_t
*d
) {
2892 unsigned long ttynr
;
2895 if (!(f
= fopen("/proc/self/stat", "r")))
2898 if (!(fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
))) {
2906 if (!(p
= strrchr(line
, ')')))
2915 "%*d " /* session */
2924 int get_ctty(char **r
, dev_t
*_devnr
) {
2926 char fn
[128], *s
, *b
, *p
;
2931 if ((k
= get_ctty_devnr(&devnr
)) < 0)
2934 snprintf(fn
, sizeof(fn
), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr
), minor(devnr
));
2937 if ((k
= readlink_malloc(fn
, &s
)) < 0) {
2942 /* This is an ugly hack */
2943 if (major(devnr
) == 136) {
2944 if (asprintf(&b
, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr
)) < 0)
2954 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2955 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2956 * vaguely useful. */
2958 if (!(b
= strdup(fn
+ 5)))
2968 if (startswith(s
, "/dev/"))
2970 else if (startswith(s
, "../"))
2988 static int rm_rf_children(int fd
, bool only_dirs
) {
2994 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2997 if (!(d
= fdopendir(fd
))) {
2998 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
3000 return errno
== ENOENT
? 0 : -errno
;
3004 struct dirent buf
, *de
;
3008 if ((r
= readdir_r(d
, &buf
, &de
)) != 0) {
3017 if (streq(de
->d_name
, ".") || streq(de
->d_name
, ".."))
3020 if (de
->d_type
== DT_UNKNOWN
) {
3023 if (fstatat(fd
, de
->d_name
, &st
, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
) < 0) {
3024 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3029 is_dir
= S_ISDIR(st
.st_mode
);
3031 is_dir
= de
->d_type
== DT_DIR
;
3036 if ((subdir_fd
= openat(fd
, de
->d_name
, O_RDONLY
|O_NONBLOCK
|O_DIRECTORY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0) {
3037 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3042 if ((r
= rm_rf_children(subdir_fd
, only_dirs
)) < 0) {
3047 if (unlinkat(fd
, de
->d_name
, AT_REMOVEDIR
) < 0) {
3048 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3051 } else if (!only_dirs
) {
3053 if (unlinkat(fd
, de
->d_name
, 0) < 0) {
3054 if (ret
== 0 && errno
!= ENOENT
)
3065 int rm_rf(const char *path
, bool only_dirs
, bool delete_root
) {
3071 if ((fd
= open(path
, O_RDONLY
|O_NONBLOCK
|O_DIRECTORY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0) {
3073 if (errno
!= ENOTDIR
)
3076 if (delete_root
&& !only_dirs
)
3077 if (unlink(path
) < 0)
3083 r
= rm_rf_children(fd
, only_dirs
);
3086 if (rmdir(path
) < 0) {
3094 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path
, mode_t mode
, uid_t uid
, gid_t gid
) {
3097 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3098 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3099 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3101 if (chmod(path
, mode
) < 0)
3104 if (chown(path
, uid
, gid
) < 0)
3110 cpu_set_t
* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus
) {
3114 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3117 if (!(r
= CPU_ALLOC(n
)))
3120 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n
), r
) >= 0) {
3121 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n
), r
);
3131 if (errno
!= EINVAL
)
3138 void status_vprintf(const char *format
, va_list ap
) {
3144 /* This independent of logging, as status messages are
3145 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3147 if (vasprintf(&s
, format
, ap
) < 0)
3150 if ((fd
= open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY
|O_NOCTTY
|O_CLOEXEC
)) < 0)
3153 write(fd
, s
, strlen(s
));
3159 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
3162 void status_printf(const char *format
, ...) {
3167 va_start(ap
, format
);
3168 status_vprintf(format
, ap
);
3172 void status_welcome(void) {
3173 char *pretty_name
= NULL
, *ansi_color
= NULL
;
3174 const char *const_pretty
= NULL
, *const_color
= NULL
;
3177 if ((r
= parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE
,
3178 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name
,
3179 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color
,
3183 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3186 #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA)
3188 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/system-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3191 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/system-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3193 truncate_nl(pretty_name
);
3196 if (!ansi_color
&& pretty_name
) {
3198 /* This tries to mimic the color magic the old Red Hat sysinit
3201 if (startswith(pretty_name
, "Red Hat"))
3202 const_color
= "0;31"; /* Red for RHEL */
3203 else if (startswith(pretty_name
, "Fedora"))
3204 const_color
= "0;34"; /* Blue for Fedora */
3207 #elif defined(TARGET_SUSE)
3210 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/SuSE-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3213 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/SuSE-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3215 truncate_nl(pretty_name
);
3219 const_color
= "0;32"; /* Green for openSUSE */
3221 #elif defined(TARGET_GENTOO)
3224 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/gentoo-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3227 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/gentoo-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3229 truncate_nl(pretty_name
);
3233 const_color
= "1;34"; /* Light Blue for Gentoo */
3235 #elif defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX)
3238 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/altlinux-release", &pretty_name
)) < 0) {
3241 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/altlinux-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3243 truncate_nl(pretty_name
);
3247 const_color
= "0;36"; /* Cyan for ALTLinux */
3250 #elif defined(TARGET_DEBIAN)
3255 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/debian_version", &version
)) < 0) {
3258 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/debian_version: %s", strerror(-r
));
3260 truncate_nl(version
);
3261 pretty_name
= strappend("Debian ", version
);
3265 log_warning("Failed to allocate Debian version string.");
3270 const_color
= "1;31"; /* Light Red for Debian */
3272 #elif defined(TARGET_UBUNTU)
3274 if ((r
= parse_env_file("/etc/lsb-release", NEWLINE
,
3275 "DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION", &pretty_name
,
3279 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/lsb-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3283 const_color
= "0;33"; /* Orange/Brown for Ubuntu */
3285 #elif defined(TARGET_MANDRIVA)
3290 if ((r
= read_one_line_file("/etc/mandriva-release", &s
) < 0)) {
3292 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/mandriva-release: %s", strerror(-r
));
3294 p
= strstr(s
, " release ");
3298 p
[strcspn(p
, " ")] = '\0';
3300 /* This corresponds to standard rc.sysinit */
3301 if (asprintf(&pretty_name
, "%s\x1B[0;39m %s", s
, p
) > 0)
3302 const_color
= "1;36";
3304 log_warning("Failed to allocate Mandriva version string.");
3306 log_warning("Failed to parse /etc/mandriva-release");
3313 if (!pretty_name
&& !const_pretty
)
3314 const_pretty
= "Linux";
3316 if (!ansi_color
&& !const_color
)
3319 status_printf("\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n\n",
3320 const_color
? const_color
: ansi_color
,
3321 const_pretty
? const_pretty
: pretty_name
);
3327 char *replace_env(const char *format
, char **env
) {
3334 const char *e
, *word
= format
;
3339 for (e
= format
; *e
; e
++) {
3350 if (!(k
= strnappend(r
, word
, e
-word
-1)))
3359 } else if (*e
== '$') {
3360 if (!(k
= strnappend(r
, word
, e
-word
)))
3376 if (!(t
= strv_env_get_with_length(env
, word
+2, e
-word
-2)))
3379 if (!(k
= strappend(r
, t
)))
3392 if (!(k
= strnappend(r
, word
, e
-word
)))
3403 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv
, char **env
) {
3405 unsigned k
= 0, l
= 0;
3407 l
= strv_length(argv
);
3409 if (!(r
= new(char*, l
+1)))
3412 STRV_FOREACH(i
, argv
) {
3414 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3415 if ((*i
)[0] == '$' && (*i
)[1] != '{') {
3420 if ((e
= strv_env_get(env
, *i
+1))) {
3422 if (!(m
= strv_split_quoted(e
))) {
3433 if (!(w
= realloc(r
, sizeof(char*) * (l
+1)))) {
3442 memcpy(r
+ k
, m
, q
* sizeof(char*));
3450 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3451 if (!(r
[k
++] = replace_env(*i
, env
))) {
3462 static __thread
int parsed_columns
= 0;
3465 if (parsed_columns
> 0)
3466 return parsed_columns
;
3468 if ((e
= getenv("COLUMNS")))
3469 parsed_columns
= atoi(e
);
3471 if (parsed_columns
<= 0) {
3475 if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO
, TIOCGWINSZ
, &ws
) >= 0)
3476 parsed_columns
= ws
.ws_col
;
3479 if (parsed_columns
<= 0)
3480 parsed_columns
= 80;
3482 return parsed_columns
;
3485 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3491 /* Only works as root */
3493 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a
) < 0)
3496 if (stat("/", &b
) < 0)
3500 a
.st_dev
!= b
.st_dev
||
3501 a
.st_ino
!= b
.st_ino
;
3504 char *ellipsize(const char *s
, unsigned length
, unsigned percent
) {
3509 assert(percent
<= 100);
3510 assert(length
>= 3);
3514 if (l
<= 3 || l
<= length
)
3517 if (!(r
= new0(char, length
+1)))
3520 x
= (length
* percent
) / 100;
3530 s
+ l
- (length
- x
- 3),
3536 int touch(const char *path
) {
3541 if ((fd
= open(path
, O_WRONLY
|O_CREAT
|O_CLOEXEC
|O_NOCTTY
, 0644)) < 0)
3544 close_nointr_nofail(fd
);
3548 char *unquote(const char *s
, const char* quotes
) {
3552 if ((l
= strlen(s
)) < 2)
3555 if (strchr(quotes
, s
[0]) && s
[l
-1] == s
[0])
3556 return strndup(s
+1, l
-2);
3561 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s
) {
3562 char *name
, *value
, *p
, *r
;
3567 if (!(r
= strdup(s
)))
3573 if (!(name
= strndup(s
, p
- s
)))
3576 if (!(p
= strdup(p
+1))) {
3581 value
= unquote(strstrip(p
), QUOTES
);
3589 if (asprintf(&r
, "%s=%s", name
, value
) < 0)
3598 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid
, siginfo_t
*status
) {
3605 if (waitid(P_PID
, pid
, status
, WEXITED
) < 0) {
3617 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name
, pid_t pid
) {
3624 if ((r
= wait_for_terminate(pid
, &status
)) < 0) {
3625 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name
, strerror(-r
));
3629 if (status
.si_code
== CLD_EXITED
) {
3630 if (status
.si_status
!= 0) {
3631 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name
, status
.si_status
);
3632 return status
.si_status
;
3635 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name
);
3638 } else if (status
.si_code
== CLD_KILLED
||
3639 status
.si_code
== CLD_DUMPED
) {
3641 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name
, signal_to_string(status
.si_status
));
3645 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name
);
3652 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3653 close_all_fds(NULL
, 0);
3661 bool null_or_empty(struct stat
*st
) {
3664 if (S_ISREG(st
->st_mode
) && st
->st_size
<= 0)
3667 if (S_ISCHR(st
->st_mode
) || S_ISBLK(st
->st_mode
))
3673 DIR *xopendirat(int fd
, const char *name
, int flags
) {
3677 if ((nfd
= openat(fd
, name
, O_RDONLY
|O_NONBLOCK
|O_DIRECTORY
|O_CLOEXEC
|flags
)) < 0)
3680 if (!(d
= fdopendir(nfd
))) {
3681 close_nointr_nofail(nfd
);
3688 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s
) {
3692 if ((signo
= signal_from_string(s
)) <= 0)
3693 if (startswith(s
, "SIG"))
3694 return signal_from_string(s
+3);
3699 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f
, const char *name
, dual_timestamp
*t
) {
3705 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t
))
3708 fprintf(f
, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
3710 (unsigned long long) t
->realtime
,
3711 (unsigned long long) t
->monotonic
);
3714 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value
, dual_timestamp
*t
) {
3715 unsigned long long a
, b
;
3720 if (sscanf(value
, "%lli %llu", &a
, &b
) != 2)
3721 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value
);
3728 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p
) {
3732 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
3733 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
3735 if (startswith(p
, "LABEL=")) {
3737 if (!(u
= unquote(p
+6, "\"\'")))
3740 t
= xescape(u
, "/ ");
3746 r
= asprintf(&dn
, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t
);
3755 if (startswith(p
, "UUID=")) {
3757 if (!(u
= unquote(p
+5, "\"\'")))
3760 t
= xescape(u
, "/ ");
3766 r
= asprintf(&dn
, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t
);
3778 void filter_environ(const char *prefix
) {
3785 for (i
= 0, j
= 0; environ
[i
]; i
++) {
3787 if (startswith(environ
[i
], prefix
))
3790 environ
[j
++] = environ
[i
];
3796 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty
) {
3799 if (startswith(tty
, "/dev/"))
3802 return startswith(tty
, "tty") &&
3803 tty
[3] >= '0' && tty
[3] <= '9';
3806 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty
) {
3807 char *active
= NULL
;
3812 if (startswith(tty
, "/dev/"))
3815 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing when determining
3817 if (streq(tty
, "console"))
3818 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active
) >= 0) {
3819 truncate_nl(active
);
3821 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
3822 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
3823 if ((tty
= strrchr(active
, ' ')))
3829 term
= tty_is_vc(tty
) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt100";
3835 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM implementations */
3836 int detect_vm(const char **id
) {
3838 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
3840 /* Both CPUID and DMI are x86 specific interfaces... */
3842 static const char *const dmi_vendors
[] = {
3843 "/sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor",
3844 "/sys/class/dmi/id/board_vendor",
3845 "/sys/class/dmi/id/bios_vendor"
3848 static const char dmi_vendor_table
[] =
3850 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
3851 "VMware\0" "vmware\0"
3853 "Microsoft Corporation\0" "microsoft\0"
3854 "innotek GmbH\0" "oracle\0"
3856 "Bochs\0" "bochs\0";
3858 static const char cpuid_vendor_table
[] =
3859 "XenVMMXenVMM\0" "xen\0"
3860 "KVMKVMKVM\0" "kvm\0"
3861 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
3862 "VMwareVMware\0" "vmware\0"
3863 /* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff542428.aspx */
3864 "Microsoft Hv\0" "microsoft\0";
3875 /* http://lwn.net/Articles/301888/ */
3878 #if defined (__i386__)
3881 #elif defined (__amd64__)
3886 /* First detect whether there is a hypervisor */
3888 __asm__
__volatile__ (
3889 /* ebx/rbx is being used for PIC! */
3890 " push %%"REG_b
" \n\t"
3892 " pop %%"REG_b
" \n\t"
3894 : "=a" (eax
), "=c" (ecx
)
3898 hypervisor
= !!(ecx
& ecx
& 0x80000000U
);
3902 /* There is a hypervisor, see what it is */
3904 __asm__
__volatile__ (
3905 /* ebx/rbx is being used for PIC! */
3906 " push %%"REG_b
" \n\t"
3908 " mov %%ebx, %1 \n\t"
3909 " pop %%"REG_b
" \n\t"
3911 : "=a" (eax
), "=r" (sig
.sig32
[0]), "=c" (sig
.sig32
[1]), "=d" (sig
.sig32
[2])
3915 NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(j
, k
, cpuid_vendor_table
)
3916 if (streq(sig
.text
, j
)) {
3925 for (i
= 0; i
< ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendors
); i
++) {
3928 const char *found
= NULL
;
3930 if ((r
= read_one_line_file(dmi_vendors
[i
], &s
)) < 0) {
3937 NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(j
, k
, dmi_vendor_table
)
3938 if (startswith(s
, j
))
3961 int detect_container(const char **id
) {
3964 /* Unfortunately many of these operations require root access
3965 * in one way or another */
3970 if (running_in_chroot() > 0) {
3978 /* /proc/vz exists in container and outside of the container,
3979 * /proc/bc only outside of the container. */
3980 if (access("/proc/vz", F_OK
) >= 0 &&
3981 access("/proc/bc", F_OK
) < 0) {
3989 if ((f
= fopen("/proc/self/cgroup", "r"))) {
3992 char line
[LINE_MAX
], *p
;
3994 if (!fgets(line
, sizeof(line
), f
))
3997 if (!(p
= strchr(strstrip(line
), ':')))
4000 if (strncmp(p
, ":ns:", 4))
4003 if (!streq(p
, ":ns:/")) {
4019 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM/container implementations */
4020 int detect_virtualization(const char **id
) {
4021 static __thread
const char *cached_id
= NULL
;
4027 if (cached_id
== (const char*) -1)
4036 if ((r
= detect_container(&_id
)) != 0)
4039 r
= detect_vm(&_id
);
4048 cached_id
= (const char*) -1;
4053 void execute_directory(const char *directory
, DIR *d
, char *argv
[]) {
4056 Hashmap
*pids
= NULL
;
4060 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4061 * until all they all finished. */
4064 if (!(_d
= opendir(directory
))) {
4066 if (errno
== ENOENT
)
4069 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory
);
4076 if (!(pids
= hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func
, trivial_compare_func
))) {
4077 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4081 while ((de
= readdir(d
))) {
4086 if (ignore_file(de
->d_name
))
4089 if (de
->d_type
!= DT_REG
&&
4090 de
->d_type
!= DT_LNK
&&
4091 de
->d_type
!= DT_UNKNOWN
)
4094 if (asprintf(&path
, "%s/%s", directory
, de
->d_name
) < 0) {
4095 log_error("Out of memory");
4099 if ((pid
= fork()) < 0) {
4100 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4119 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path
);
4120 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE
);
4123 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path
, (unsigned long) pid
);
4125 if ((k
= hashmap_put(pids
, UINT_TO_PTR(pid
), path
)) < 0) {
4126 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k
));
4131 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids
)) {
4136 if (waitid(P_ALL
, 0, &si
, WEXITED
) < 0) {
4141 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4145 if ((path
= hashmap_remove(pids
, UINT_TO_PTR(si
.si_pid
)))) {
4146 if (!is_clean_exit(si
.si_code
, si
.si_status
)) {
4147 if (si
.si_code
== CLD_EXITED
)
4148 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path
, si
.si_status
);
4150 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path
, signal_to_string(si
.si_status
));
4152 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path
);
4163 hashmap_free_free(pids
);
4166 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid
, int sig
) {
4169 r
= kill(pid
, sig
) < 0 ? -errno
: 0;
4177 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr
, const char *needle
) {
4183 NULSTR_FOREACH(i
, nulstr
)
4184 if (streq(i
, needle
))
4190 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4191 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK
) >= 0;
4194 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p
, int *priority
) {
4195 int a
= 0, b
= 0, c
= 0;
4205 if (!strchr(*p
, '>'))
4208 if ((*p
)[2] == '>') {
4209 c
= undecchar((*p
)[1]);
4211 } else if ((*p
)[3] == '>') {
4212 b
= undecchar((*p
)[1]);
4213 c
= undecchar((*p
)[2]);
4215 } else if ((*p
)[4] == '>') {
4216 a
= undecchar((*p
)[1]);
4217 b
= undecchar((*p
)[2]);
4218 c
= undecchar((*p
)[3]);
4223 if (a
< 0 || b
< 0 || c
< 0)
4226 *priority
= a
*100+b
*10+c
;
4230 static const char *const ioprio_class_table
[] = {
4231 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE
] = "none",
4232 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT
] = "realtime",
4233 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE
] = "best-effort",
4234 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE
] = "idle"
4237 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class
, int);
4239 static const char *const sigchld_code_table
[] = {
4240 [CLD_EXITED
] = "exited",
4241 [CLD_KILLED
] = "killed",
4242 [CLD_DUMPED
] = "dumped",
4243 [CLD_TRAPPED
] = "trapped",
4244 [CLD_STOPPED
] = "stopped",
4245 [CLD_CONTINUED
] = "continued",
4248 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code
, int);
4250 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table
[LOG_NFACILITIES
] = {
4251 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN
)] = "kern",
4252 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER
)] = "user",
4253 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL
)] = "mail",
4254 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON
)] = "daemon",
4255 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH
)] = "auth",
4256 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG
)] = "syslog",
4257 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR
)] = "lpr",
4258 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS
)] = "news",
4259 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP
)] = "uucp",
4260 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON
)] = "cron",
4261 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV
)] = "authpriv",
4262 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP
)] = "ftp",
4263 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0
)] = "local0",
4264 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1
)] = "local1",
4265 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2
)] = "local2",
4266 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3
)] = "local3",
4267 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4
)] = "local4",
4268 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5
)] = "local5",
4269 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6
)] = "local6",
4270 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7
)] = "local7"
4273 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted
, int);
4275 static const char *const log_level_table
[] = {
4276 [LOG_EMERG
] = "emerg",
4277 [LOG_ALERT
] = "alert",
4278 [LOG_CRIT
] = "crit",
4280 [LOG_WARNING
] = "warning",
4281 [LOG_NOTICE
] = "notice",
4282 [LOG_INFO
] = "info",
4283 [LOG_DEBUG
] = "debug"
4286 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level
, int);
4288 static const char* const sched_policy_table
[] = {
4289 [SCHED_OTHER
] = "other",
4290 [SCHED_BATCH
] = "batch",
4291 [SCHED_IDLE
] = "idle",
4292 [SCHED_FIFO
] = "fifo",
4296 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy
, int);
4298 static const char* const rlimit_table
[] = {
4299 [RLIMIT_CPU
] = "LimitCPU",
4300 [RLIMIT_FSIZE
] = "LimitFSIZE",
4301 [RLIMIT_DATA
] = "LimitDATA",
4302 [RLIMIT_STACK
] = "LimitSTACK",
4303 [RLIMIT_CORE
] = "LimitCORE",
4304 [RLIMIT_RSS
] = "LimitRSS",
4305 [RLIMIT_NOFILE
] = "LimitNOFILE",
4306 [RLIMIT_AS
] = "LimitAS",
4307 [RLIMIT_NPROC
] = "LimitNPROC",
4308 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4309 [RLIMIT_LOCKS
] = "LimitLOCKS",
4310 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4311 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE
] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4312 [RLIMIT_NICE
] = "LimitNICE",
4313 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO
] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4314 [RLIMIT_RTTIME
] = "LimitRTTIME"
4317 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit
, int);
4319 static const char* const ip_tos_table
[] = {
4320 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY
] = "low-delay",
4321 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT
] = "throughput",
4322 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY
] = "reliability",
4323 [IPTOS_LOWCOST
] = "low-cost",
4326 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos
, int);
4328 static const char *const signal_table
[] = {
4345 [SIGSTKFLT
] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4356 [SIGVTALRM
] = "VTALRM",
4358 [SIGWINCH
] = "WINCH",
4364 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(signal
, int);