libstdc++: Add deprecated attributes to old iostream members

libstdc++: Add deprecated attributes to old iostream members

Back in 2017 I removed these prehistoric members (which were deprecated
since C++98) for C++17 mode. But I didn't add deprecated attributes to
most of them, so users didn't get any warning they would be going away.
Apparently some poor souls do actually use some of these names, and so
now that GCC 11 defaults to -std=gnu++17 some code has stopped
compiling.

This adds deprecated attributes to them, so that C++98/03/11/14 code
will get a warning if it uses them. I'll also backport this to the
release branches so that users can find out about the deprecation before
they start using C++17.

In order to give deprecated warnings even in C++98 mode this patch makes
_GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED work even for C++98, adds _GLIBCXX11_DEPRECATED for
the old meaning of _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED, and adds new macros such as
_GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED_SUGGEST for suggesting alternatives to deprecated
features.

libstdc++-v3/ChangeLog:

	* include/bits/c++config (_GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED): Define for all
	standard modes.
	(_GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED_SUGGEST): New macro for "use 'foo' instead"
	message in deprecated warnings.
	(_GLIBCXX11_DEPRECATED, _GLIBCXX11_DEPRECATED_SUGGEST): New
	macros for marking features derpecated in C++11.
	(_GLIBCXX17_DEPRECATED_SUGGEST, _GLIBCXX20_DEPRECATED_SUGGEST):
	New macros.
	* include/backward/auto_ptr.h (auto_ptr_ref, auto_ptr<void>):
	Use _GLIBCXX11_DEPRECATED instead of _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED.
	(auto_ptr): Use _GLIBCXX11_DEPRECATED_SUGGEST.
	* include/backward/binders.h (binder1st, binder2nd): Likewise.
	* include/bits/ios_base.h (io_state, open_mode, seek_dir)
	(streampos, streamoff): Use _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED_SUGGEST.
	* include/std/streambuf (stossc): Replace C++11 attribute
	with _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED_SUGGEST.
	* include/std/type_traits (__is_nullptr_t): Use
	_GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED_SUGGEST instead of _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED.
	* testsuite/27_io/types/1.cc: Check for deprecated warnings.
	Also check for io_state, open_mode and seek_dir typedefs.