path: adjust last remaining users of `the_repository`

path: adjust last remaining users of `the_repository`

With the preceding refactorings we now only have a couple of implicit
users of `the_repository` left in the "path" subsystem, all of which
depend on global state via `calc_shared_perm()`. Make the dependency on
`the_repository` explicit by passing the repo as a parameter instead and
adjust callers accordingly.

Note that this change bubbles up into a couple of subsystems that were
previously declared as free from `the_repository`. Instead of marking
all of them as `the_repository`-dependent again, we instead use the
repository that is available in the calling context. There are three
exceptions though with "copy.c", "pack-write.c" and "tempfile.c".
Adjusting these would require us to adapt callsites all over the place,
so this is left for a future iteration.

Mark "path.c" as free from `the_repository`.

Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>