Fix BIO_f_asn1() to properly report some errors

Fix BIO_f_asn1() to properly report some errors

Some things that may go wrong in asn1_bio_write() are serious errors
that should be reported as -1, rather than 0 (which just means "we wrote
no data").

Reviewed-by: Hugo Landau <hlandau@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/19918)