efi_loader: disk: add EFI_PARTITION_INFO_PROTOCOL support

efi_loader: disk: add EFI_PARTITION_INFO_PROTOCOL support

The UEFI 2.10 specification mentions that this protocol shall be installed
along with EFI_BLOCK_IO_PROTOCOL. It provides cached partition information
for MBR and GPT partition types.

This patch just implements support for GPT partition types. The legacy MBR
partition types is only needed for backward compatibility and can be added
as a follow-up if needed, to make it fully compliant with the EFI spec.

Signed-off-by: Javier Martinez Canillas <javierm@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Ilias Apalodimas <ilias.apalodimas@linaro.org>