crypto/bio/bio_print.c: improve handling of unreasonably large widths/precisions

crypto/bio/bio_print.c: improve handling of unreasonably large widths/precisions

As fmt*() routines try to loop all the way up to pad sizes calculated
based on the user-provided width and precision specification,
it is relatively simple to trigger billions of loop iterations
by providing appropriate width and precision specification, even
if printing is done in a statically-sized buffer.  Avoid those
by introducing a helper eob_ok() function, that allows short-circuiting
those loops.

Resolves: https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/28416
Signed-off-by: Eugene Syromiatnikov <esyr@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Saša Nedvědický <sashan@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/28502)