libctf: simplify ctf_txlate

libctf: simplify ctf_txlate

Before now, this critical internal structure was an array mapping from a
type ID to the type index of the type with that ID.  This was critical for
the old world in which ctf_update() reserialized the entire dict, so things
moved around in memory all the time: but these days, a ctf_type_t * never
moves after creation, so we can just make ctf_txlate an array of ctf_type_t *
and be done with it.

This lets us point type indexes anywhere in memory, not just to entries
in the ctf_buf, which means we can have synthetic ones for various purposes.
And we will.