Allow SchemaType and Variant to work together

Allow SchemaType and Variant to work together

Added support for the :class:`.Variant` and the :class:`.SchemaType`
objects to be compatible with each other.  That is, a variant
can be created against a type like :class:`.Enum`, and the instructions
to create constraints and/or database-specific type objects will
propagate correctly as per the variant's dialect mapping.

Also added testing for some potential double-event scenarios
on TypeDecorator but it seems usually this doesn't occur.

Change-Id: I4a7e7c26b4133cd14e870f5bc34a1b2f0f19a14a
Fixes: #2892