[3.9] bpo-42218: Correctly handle errors in left-recursive rules (GH-23065) (GH-23066)

[3.9] bpo-42218: Correctly handle errors in left-recursive rules (GH-23065) (GH-23066)

Left-recursive rules need to check for errors explicitly, since
even if the rule returns NULL, the parsing might continue and lead
to long-distance failures.

Co-authored-by: Pablo Galindo <Pablogsal@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 02cdfc93f82fecdb7eae97a868d4ee222b9875d9)

Automerge-Triggered-By: GH:lysnikolaou