Add overflow checks to parse_number/parse_hex/parse_oct

Add overflow checks to parse_number/parse_hex/parse_oct

Test the next arithmetic operation to safely determine if adding the
next digit in the passed property string will overflow

Also, noted a bug in the parse_hex code.  When parsing non-digit
characters (i.e. a-f and A-F), we do a tolower conversion (which is
fine), and then subtract 'a' to get the hex value from the ascii (which
is definately wrong).  We should subtract 'W' to convert tolower
converted hex digits in the range a-f to their hex value counterparts

Add tests to test_property_parse_error to ensure overflow checks work

Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Mraz <tomas@openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Tom Cosgrove <tom.cosgrove@arm.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/22874)