- rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map: make sure to consistently output
backslash as `\\' instead of producing `\C-\'
Fixes from Koichi Murase <myoga.murase@gmail.com>
+
+ 1/29
+ ----
+bashline.c
+ - readline_get_char_offset: translate a readline buffer offset
+ (rl_point, rl_mark, rl_end) into a number of (possibly multibyte)
+ characters
+ - readline_set_char_offset: translate a number of (possibly multibyte)
+ characters into a buffer offset in rl_line_buffer. Uses a private
+ readline function to do it, which is bad
+ - bash_execute_unix_command: use readline_{get,set}_char_offset to
+ translate the rl_point to a character offset
+ - bash_execute_unix_command: bind READLINE_MARK variable, exposing
+ the value of rl_mark to `bind -x' functions
+
+ 1/31
+ ----
+examples/loadables/accept.c
+ - accept: new loadable builtin that will accept a TCP connection on a
+ specified port. Inspired by Stan Marsh <gazelle@xmission.com>
+
+ 2/1
+ ---
+lib/readline/histfile.c
+ - history_do_write,history_truncate_file: translate the return value rv
+ to errno when histfile_restore returns -1 (e.g., if rename() fails).
+ Report and fix from A <auroralanes@protonmail.ch>
examples/loadables/Makefile.inc.in f
examples/loadables/necho.c f
examples/loadables/hello.c f
+examples/loadables/accept.c f
examples/loadables/print.c f
examples/loadables/realpath.c f
examples/loadables/seq.c f
#else
static int putx PARAMS((int));
#endif
+static int readline_get_char_offset PARAMS((int));
+static void readline_set_char_offset PARAMS((int, int *));
static Keymap get_cmd_xmap_from_edit_mode PARAMS((void));
static Keymap get_cmd_xmap_from_keymap PARAMS((Keymap));
return x;
#endif
}
-
+
+static int
+readline_get_char_offset (ind)
+ int ind;
+{
+ int r, old_ch;
+
+ r = ind;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (locale_mb_cur_max > 1)
+ {
+ old_ch = rl_line_buffer[ind];
+ rl_line_buffer[ind] = '\0';
+ r = MB_STRLEN (rl_line_buffer);
+ rl_line_buffer[ind] = old_ch;
+ }
+#endif
+ return r;
+}
+
+static void
+readline_set_char_offset (ind, varp)
+ int ind;
+ int *varp;
+{
+ int i;
+
+ i = ind;
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (i > 0 && locale_mb_cur_max > 1)
+ i = _rl_find_next_mbchar (rl_line_buffer, 0, i, 0); /* XXX */
+#endif
+ if (i != *varp)
+ {
+ if (i > rl_end)
+ i = rl_end;
+ else if (i < 0)
+ i = 0;
+ *varp = i;
+ }
+}
+
int
bash_execute_unix_command (count, key)
int count; /* ignored */
ce = rl_get_termcap ("ce");
if (ce) /* clear current line */
{
-#if 0
- fprintf (rl_outstream, "\r");
- tputs (ce, 1, putx);
-#else
rl_clear_visible_line ();
-#endif
fflush (rl_outstream);
}
else
v = bind_variable ("READLINE_LINE", rl_line_buffer, 0);
if (v)
VSETATTR (v, att_exported);
- i = rl_point;
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
- {
- old_ch = rl_line_buffer[rl_point];
- rl_line_buffer[rl_point] = '\0';
- i = MB_STRLEN (rl_line_buffer);
- rl_line_buffer[rl_point] = old_ch;
- }
-#endif
+
+ i = readline_get_char_offset (rl_point);
value = inttostr (i, ibuf, sizeof (ibuf));
v = bind_int_variable ("READLINE_POINT", value, 0);
+ if (v)
+ VSETATTR (v, att_exported);
+
+ i = readline_get_char_offset (rl_mark);
+ value = inttostr (i, ibuf, sizeof (ibuf));
+ v = bind_int_variable ("READLINE_MARK", value, 0);
if (v)
VSETATTR (v, att_exported);
array_needs_making = 1;
v = find_variable ("READLINE_POINT");
if (v && legal_number (value_cell (v), &mi))
- {
- i = mi;
-#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
- if (i > 0 && MB_CUR_MAX > 1)
- i = _rl_find_next_mbchar (rl_line_buffer, 0, i, 0);
-#endif
- if (i != rl_point)
- {
- rl_point = i;
- if (rl_point > rl_end)
- rl_point = rl_end;
- else if (rl_point < 0)
- rl_point = 0;
- }
- }
+ readline_set_char_offset (mi, &rl_point);
+
+ v = find_variable ("READLINE_MARK");
+ if (v && legal_number (value_cell (v), &mi))
+ readline_set_char_offset (mi, &rl_mark);
check_unbind_variable ("READLINE_LINE");
check_unbind_variable ("READLINE_POINT");
+ check_unbind_variable ("READLINE_MARK");
array_needs_making = 1;
/* and restore the readline buffer and display after command execution. */
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh [options] [command_string | file]
C\bCO\bOP\bPY\bYR\bRI\bIG\bGH\bHT\bT
- Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2019 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2020 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
D\bDE\bES\bSC\bCR\bRI\bIP\bPT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh is an s\bsh\bh-compatible command language interpreter that executes
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
The contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer, for use with "bind -x"
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+ R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK
+ The position of the mark (saved insertion point) in the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ line buffer, for use with "bind -x" (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
+ below). The characters between the insertion point and the mark
+ are often called the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn.
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT
The position of the insertion point in the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer,
for use with "bind -x" (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY Set to the line of input read by the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin command when
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY Set to the line of input read by the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin command when
no arguments are supplied.
S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS
- Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds
- since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to
- S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the
- number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
+ Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds
+ since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to
+ S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the
+ number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
If S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it
is subsequently reset.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
- the list is a valid argument for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+ the list is a valid argument for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The options
- appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
- this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
- shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
+ appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
+ this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
+ shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
startup files. This variable is read-only.
S\bSH\bHL\bLV\bVL\bL Incremented by one each time an instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started.
S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM
This variable expands to a 32-bit pseudo-random number each time
- it is referenced. The random number generator is not linear on
- systems that support /dev/urandom or _\ba_\br_\bc_\b4_\br_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bo_\bm, so each re-
- turned number has no relationship to the numbers preceding it.
- The random number generator cannot be seeded, so assignments to
+ it is referenced. The random number generator is not linear on
+ systems that support /dev/urandom or _\ba_\br_\bc_\b4_\br_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bo_\bm, so each re-
+ turned number has no relationship to the numbers preceding it.
+ The random number generator cannot be seeded, so assignments to
this variable have no effect. If S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is unset, it loses its
special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
U\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell
signs a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT
- The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See
- the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN
- C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a description of the various compatibility levels
- and their effects. The value may be a decimal number (e.g.,
- 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding to the desired com-
- patibility level. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is unset or set to the empty
- string, the compatibility level is set to the default for the
- current version. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is set to a value that is not
+ The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See
+ the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a description of the various compatibility levels
+ and their effects. The value may be a decimal number (e.g.,
+ 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding to the desired com-
+ patibility level. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is unset or set to the empty
+ string, the compatibility level is set to the default for the
+ current version. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is set to a value that is not
one of the valid compatibility levels, the shell prints an error
- message and sets the compatibility level to the default for the
- current version. The valid compatibility levels correspond to
- the compatibility options accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin de-
- scribed below (for example, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2 means that 4.2 and 42 are
+ message and sets the compatibility level to the default for the
+ current version. The valid compatibility levels correspond to
+ the compatibility options accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin de-
+ scribed below (for example, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2 means that 4.2 and 42 are
valid values). The current version is also a valid value.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV
- If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
- its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
+ If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
+ its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
initialize the shell, as in _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc. The value of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV is
- subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and
- arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename.
+ subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and
+ arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename.
P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used to search for the resultant filename.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD
- If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will write the trace output generated when _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bx is en-
- abled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed
- when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace
- output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting
+ If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will write the trace output generated when _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bx is en-
+ abled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed
+ when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace
+ output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then
unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed.
- C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
list of directories in which the shell looks for destination di-
- rectories specified by the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
+ rectories specified by the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
".:~:/usr".
C\bCH\bHI\bIL\bLD\bD_\b_M\bMA\bAX\bX
- Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to
- remember. Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below
- a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur-
- rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is
+ Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to
+ remember. Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below
+ a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur-
+ rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is
system-dependent.
C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS
- Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the terminal
- width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
+ Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the terminal
+ width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
An array variable from which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads the possible completions
- generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
- pletion facility (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below). Each ar-
+ generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
+ pletion facility (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below). Each ar-
ray element contains one possible completion.
- E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
- starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
+ E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
+ starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
- E\bEN\bNV\bV Similar to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV; used when the shell is invoked in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx
+ E\bEN\bNV\bV Similar to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV; used when the shell is invoked in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx
_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be.
E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg)
- defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search
- using P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat-
- terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of
+ A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg)
+ defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search
+ using P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat-
+ terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of
completion and command execution via P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH lookup. This does not
affect the behavior of the [\b[, t\bte\bes\bst\bt, and [\b[[\b[ commands. Full path-
- names in the command hash table are not subject to E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE.
- Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the
- executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern
+ names in the command hash table are not subject to E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE.
+ Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the
+ executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern
matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option.
F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT The default editor for the f\bfc\bc builtin command.
F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
+ A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
filename completion (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below). A filename whose suf-
- fix matches one of the entries in F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is excluded from the
+ fix matches one of the entries in F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is excluded from the
list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~".
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT
- If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum
- function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this
+ If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum
+ function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this
nesting level will cause the current command to abort.
G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file
- names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name
- matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the
+ A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file
+ names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name
+ matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the
patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is removed from the list of matches.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
- A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
- saved on the history list. If the list of values includes _\bi_\bg_\b-
- _\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
- saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
+ A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
+ saved on the history list. If the list of values includes _\bi_\bg_\b-
+ _\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
+ saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of
_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bb_\bo_\bt_\bh is shorthand for _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be and _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs. A value
of _\be_\br_\ba_\bs_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes all previous lines matching the current line
- to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
- Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
- unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
+ to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
+ Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
+ unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value
- of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
- compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
+ compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
The name of the file in which command history is saved (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
- T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by. If unset,
+ T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by. If unset,
the command history is not saved when a shell exits.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When
- this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
- cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of
- lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also
- truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If
- the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
- Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit
- truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of
+ this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
+ cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of
+ lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also
+ truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If
+ the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
+ Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit
+ truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE after reading any startup files.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
- lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is an-
- chored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete
- line (no implicit `*\b*' is appended). Each pattern is tested
- against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are
+ A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
+ lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is an-
+ chored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete
+ line (no implicit `*\b*' is appended). Each pattern is tested
+ against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are
applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern matching char-
- acters, `&\b&' matches the previous history line. `&\b&' may be es-
- caped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before at-
- tempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-
- line compound command are not tested, and are added to the his-
- tory regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The pattern match-
+ acters, `&\b&' matches the previous history line. `&\b&' may be es-
+ caped using a backslash; the backslash is removed before at-
+ tempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-
+ line compound command are not tested, and are added to the his-
+ tory regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The pattern match-
ing honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
- H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in
+ The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in
the history list. Numeric values less than zero result in every
- command being saved on the history list (there is no limit).
- The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any
+ command being saved on the history list (there is no limit).
+ The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any
startup files.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
+ If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to print the time stamp associated
- with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
- this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history
- file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
- the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+ with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
+ this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history
+ file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
+ the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
other history lines.
H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for
the c\bcd\bd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used
when performing tilde expansion.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
- Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
+ Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
- The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
- the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is at-
- tempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
- the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
- no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
- read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
+ The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
+ the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is at-
+ tempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
+ the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
+ no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
+ read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
tions. When H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
I\bIF\bFS\bS The _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd _\bS_\be_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br that is used for word splitting af-
- ter expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ ter expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
builtin command. The default value is ``<space><tab><new-
line>''.
I\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bEE\bEO\bOF\bF
Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an E\bEO\bOF\bF
character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of
- consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
- characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
- exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
- default value is 10. If it does not exist, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the
+ consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
+ characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
+ exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
+ default value is 10. If it does not exist, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the
end of input to the shell.
I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC
- The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the de-
+ The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the de-
fault of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below).
I\bIN\bNS\bSI\bID\bDE\bE_\b_E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS
- If this variable appears in the environment when the shell
- starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assumes that it is running inside an Emacs shell
- buffer and may disable line editing, depending on the value of
+ If this variable appears in the environment when the shell
+ starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assumes that it is running inside an Emacs shell
+ buffer and may disable line editing, depending on the value of
T\bTE\bER\bRM\bM.
- L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
+ L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
specifically selected with a variable starting with L\bLC\bC_\b_.
- L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
variable specifying a locale category.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE
- This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
- the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
- of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating se-
+ This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
+ the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
+ of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating se-
quences within pathname expansion and pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
- the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
+ This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
+ the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_M\bME\bES\bSS\bSA\bAG\bGE\bES\bS
- This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
+ This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
quoted strings preceded by a $\b$.
L\bLC\bC_\b_N\bNU\bUM\bME\bER\bRI\bIC\bC
- This variable determines the locale category used for number
+ This variable determines the locale category used for number
formatting.
L\bLC\bC_\b_T\bTI\bIM\bME\bE
- This variable determines the locale category used for data and
+ This variable determines the locale category used for data and
time formatting.
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
- length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
+ length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
- M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the
- M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the ar-
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the ar-
rival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format directory.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLC\bCH\bHE\bEC\bCK\bK
- Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The de-
- fault is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
- shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
- variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+ Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The de-
+ fault is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
+ shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
+ variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail. The
message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file may
- be specified by separating the filename from the message with a
- `?'. When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to the
+ be specified by separating the filename from the message with a
+ `?'. When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to the
name of the current mailfile. Example:
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has
mail!"'
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari-
- able (there is no value by default), but the location of the
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari-
+ able (there is no value by default), but the location of the
user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g.,
/var/mail/$\b$U\bUS\bSE\bER\bR).
O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR If set to the value 1, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays error messages generated by
- the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
+ the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
shell script is executed.
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
- directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
+ directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
+ E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH indicates the current directory. A null directory
- name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
- trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
+ name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
+ trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
set by the administrator who installs b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. A common value is
``/usr/local/bin:/usr/lo-
cal/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin''.
P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bXL\bLY\bY_\b_C\bCO\bOR\bRR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bT
- If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
- shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
- the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
- while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
- command _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bo _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx had been executed. When the shell enters
+ If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
+ shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
+ the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
+ while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
+ command _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bo _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx had been executed. When the shell enters
_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, it sets this variable if it was not already set.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each
primary prompt.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM
- If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
+ If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding
- the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
+ the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
- P\bPS\bS0\b0 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
- and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and
+ P\bPS\bS0\b0 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and
before the command is executed.
- P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
- and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
+ P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
``\\b\s\bs-\b-\\b\v\bv\\b\$\b$ ''.
- P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
+ P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>\b> ''.
P\bPS\bS3\b3 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above).
- P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
+ P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
value is printed before each command b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays during an ex-
ecution trace. The first character of the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4
is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple
levels of indirection. The default is ``+\b+ ''.
- S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL This variable expands to the full pathname to the shell. If it
- is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to it the full
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL This variable expands to the full pathname to the shell. If it
+ is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to it the full
pathname of the current user's login shell.
T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
- ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
- t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
- duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
- other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
+ The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
+ ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
+ t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
+ duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
+ other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
as follows; the braces denote optional portions.
%\b%%\b% A literal %\b%.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]R\bR The elapsed time in seconds.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]S\bS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
%\b%P\bP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
- The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
+ The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes
no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places
- after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
- than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
+ after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
+ than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
used.
- The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
- the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
+ The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
+ the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
the fraction is included.
- If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
- $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null,
+ If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
+ $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null,
no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added
when the format string is displayed.
T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT is treated as the de-
- fault timeout for the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin. The s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command termi-
+ fault timeout for the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin. The s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command termi-
nates if input does not arrive after T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT seconds when input is
- coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is
+ coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is
interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input
after issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting
- for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not
+ for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not
arrive.
- T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
+ T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh creates temporary files for the shell's use.
a\bau\but\bto\bo_\b_r\bre\bes\bsu\bum\bme\be
This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
- job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com-
+ job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com-
mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump-
tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed;
- if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed,
- the job most recently accessed is selected. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a
- stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
- it. If set to the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the string supplied must match
- the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the
- string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
- stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value provides functionality analo-
- gous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set
- to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a
+ if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed,
+ the job most recently accessed is selected. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a
+ stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
+ it. If set to the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the string supplied must match
+ the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the
+ string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
+ stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value provides functionality analo-
+ gous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set
+ to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a
stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the
%\b%_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg job identifier.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs
- The two or three characters which control history expansion and
+ The two or three characters which control history expansion and
tokenization (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). The first character
- is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
- the start of a history expansion, normally `!\b!'. The second
- character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
- shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
- tuting one string for another in the command. The default is
- `^\b^'. The optional third character is the character which indi-
- cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
- the first character of a word, normally `#\b#'. The history com-
+ is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
+ the start of a history expansion, normally `!\b!'. The second
+ character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
+ shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
+ tuting one string for another in the command. The default is
+ `^\b^'. The optional third character is the character which indi-
+ cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
+ the first character of a word, normally `#\b#'. The history com-
ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
- remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the
+ remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the
shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
- Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
- explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
- an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
- tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
+ Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
+ explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
+ an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
+ tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are ref-
erenced using arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise noted, indexed array
indices must be non-negative integers.
- An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
+ An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
to using the syntax _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is treated as
an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. To explicitly
- declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is ignored.
Associative arrays are created using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-A\bA _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
- Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1 ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but
+ Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1 ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and
- subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index
- of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement
+ subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index
+ of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement
plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
- This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
- elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax in-
- troduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is sub-
- scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative
- to one greater than the maximum index of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so negative indices
+ This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
+ elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax in-
+ troduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is sub-
+ scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative
+ to one greater than the maximum index of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so negative indices
count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the
last element.
- Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}.
+ Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}.
The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If
- _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. These
- subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
+ _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. These
+ subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
the word is double-quoted, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[*]} expands to a single word with the
- value of each array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ value of each array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS
special variable, and ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands each element of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to a sep-
- arate word. When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to
- nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the ex-
+ arate word. When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to
+ nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the ex-
pansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the
- original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with
+ original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with
the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the expansion
- of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs above).
- ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If
+ of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs above).
+ ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If
_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, the expansion is the number of elements in the ar-
ray. If the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt used to reference an element of an indexed array
- evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to
- one greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices
+ evaluates to a number less than zero, it is interpreted as relative to
+ one greater than the maximum index of the array, so negative indices
count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the
last element.
Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to ref-
- erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable
+ erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable
using a valid subscript is legal, and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will create an array if nec-
essary.
- An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
+ An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
value. The null string is a valid value.
- It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the
- values. ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]} expand to the indices assigned in
+ It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the
+ values. ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]} expand to the indices assigned in
array variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The treatment when in double quotes is similar to
the expansion of the special parameters _\b@ and _\b* within double quotes.
The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin is used to destroy arrays. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt] de-
stroys the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, for both indexed and asso-
- ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted
- as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable
- does not unset the variable. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, or
- u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt], where _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, removes the entire
+ ciative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are interpreted
+ as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array variable
+ does not unset the variable. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, or
+ u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt], where _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, removes the entire
array.
- When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com-
- mand, such as with u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt, without using the word expansion syntax de-
+ When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com-
+ mand, such as with u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt, without using the word expansion syntax de-
scribed above, the argument is subject to pathname expansion. If path-
name expansion is not desired, the argument should be quoted.
- The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
- specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative ar-
- ray. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
+ The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
+ specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative ar-
+ ray. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
standard input to an array. The s\bse\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtins display array
values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments.
E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
- words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
- _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
+ words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
+ _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\ba_\br_\bi_\bt_\bh_\bm_\be_\bt_\bi_\bc _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg, and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn.
The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter
- and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution
- (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan-
+ and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution
+ (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan-
sion.
On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail-
- able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. This is performed at the same time as
- tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub-
+ able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. This is performed at the same time as
+ tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub-
stitution.
- After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the
- original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves
+ After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the
+ original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves
(_\bq_\bu_\bo_\bt_\be _\br_\be_\bm_\bo_\bv_\ba_\bl).
- Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in-
- crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
- single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex-
+ Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can in-
+ crease the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a
+ single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the ex-
pansions of "$\b$@\b@" and "$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[@\b@]\b]}\b}", and, in most cases, $\b$*\b* and
$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[*\b*]\b]}\b} as explained above (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS).
B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
_\bB_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener-
- ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
+ ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the
form of an optional _\bp_\br_\be_\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be, followed by either a series of comma-sep-
- arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
- lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
+ arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
+ lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended
to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
- Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
- are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
+ Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
+ are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
a{\b{d,c,b}\b}e expands into `ade ace abe'.
- A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
- either integers or single characters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment,
- is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to
- each number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre-
- fixed with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx
- or _\by begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated
- terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces-
- sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each
- character lexicographically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive, using the de-
+ A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
+ either integers or single characters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment,
+ is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to
+ each number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre-
+ fixed with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx
+ or _\by begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated
+ terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces-
+ sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each
+ character lexicographically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive, using the de-
fault C locale. Note that both _\bx and _\by must be of the same type. When
- the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between each
+ the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between each
term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char-
- acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
- strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
+ acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
+ strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
the context of the expansion or the text between the braces.
- A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
+ A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence ex-
pression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged. A
- {\b{ or ,\b, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered
- part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
+ {\b{ or ,\b, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered
+ part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
sion, the string $\b${\b{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and
inhibits brace expansion until the closing }\b}.
or
chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
- Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
- versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
- when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
- For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
- the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+ Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
+ versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
+ when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
+ For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
+ the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+\b+B\bB option or disable brace expansion with the +\b+B\bB option to the s\bse\bet\bt com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
- characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
- there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
- the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
- tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
- value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
- tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
- wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
+ If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
+ characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
+ there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
+ the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
+ tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+ value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
+ tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
+ wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
with the specified login name.
- If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD re-
- places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of
- the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
- acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
- optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
+ If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD re-
+ places the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of
+ the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
+ acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
+ optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be
displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu-
- ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
+ ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed.
If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is
Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi-
ately following a :\b: or the first =\b=. In these cases, tilde expansion is
also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in as-
- signments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the ex-
+ signments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the ex-
panded value.
- Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions
+ Bash also performs tilde expansion on words satisfying the conditions
of variable assignments (as described above under P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS) when they
- appear as arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except
+ appear as arguments to simple commands. Bash does not do this, except
for the _\bd_\be_\bc_\bl_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn commands listed above, when in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be.
P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
The `$\b$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution,
- or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
- may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
- variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
+ or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
+ may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
+ variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
could be interpreted as part of the name.
- When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
+ When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an em-
- bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan-
+ bedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter expan-
sion.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
- when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
+ The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
+ when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
digit, or when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is followed by a character which is not
to be interpreted as part of its name. The _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a shell
- parameter as described above P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS) or an array reference
+ parameter as described above P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS) or an array reference
(A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs).
- If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), and
+ If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), and
_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is not a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf, it introduces a level of indirection. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
uses the value formed by expanding the rest of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as the new _\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of
- the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br; this is then expanded and that value is used in the rest of
+ the expansion, rather than the expansion of the original _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
This is known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The value is subject to tilde ex-
- pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex-
- pansion. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a nameref, this expands to the name of the
- parameter referenced by _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br instead of performing the complete
- indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of
- ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The exclamation point
- must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec-
+ pansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic ex-
+ pansion. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a nameref, this expands to the name of the
+ parameter referenced by _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br instead of performing the complete
+ indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are the expansions of
+ ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The exclamation point
+ must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce indirec-
tion.
In each of the cases below, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is subject to tilde expansion, parame-
ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented be-
- low (e.g., :\b:-\b-), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
- Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un-
+ low (e.g., :\b:-\b-), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
+ Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is un-
set.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:-\b-_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:=\b=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the ex-
- pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is assigned to _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa-
+ A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the ex-
+ pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is assigned to _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special pa-
rameters may not be assigned to in this way.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:?\b?_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
- the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
- not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
+ D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
+ the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
+ not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:+\b+_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
+ U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
substituted, otherwise the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt:\b:_\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh}
- S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of the
- value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\b-
+ S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of the
+ value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\b-
_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, an indexed array subscripted by @\b@ or *\b*,
- or an associative array name, the results differ as described
- below. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of the
+ or an associative array name, the results differ as described
+ below. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of the
value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- and extending to the end of the value. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt are
+ and extending to the end of the value. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt are
arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
- If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
+ If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero, it is
interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the value
- of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a number of characters, and the expan-
- sion is the characters between _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and that result. Note
- that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at
+ of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a number of characters, and the expan-
+ sion is the characters between _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and that result. Note
+ that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by at
least one space to avoid being confused with the :\b:-\b- expansion.
- If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parameters
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parameters
beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one
- greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of
- -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan-
+ greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of
+ -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan-
sion error if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero.
If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the
- result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one
+ result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\b-
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one
greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It is an
expansion error if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero.
Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces un-
defined results.
- Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame-
- ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de-
- fault. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used,
+ Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame-
+ ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by de-
+ fault. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used,
$\b$0\b0 is prefixed to the list.
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*}
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx@\b@}
- N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
+ N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
names begin with _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx, separated by the first character of the
- I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
- within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
+ within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
word.
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]}
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]}
- L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
- the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
- When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
+ L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
+ the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
+ When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
each key expands to a separate word.
${#\b#_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. The length in characters of the value of _\bp_\ba_\b-
- _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value sub-
- stituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. The length in characters of the value of _\bp_\ba_\b-
+ _\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value sub-
+ stituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substituted is
the number of elements in the array. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an indexed
- array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is in-
- terpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, so negative indices count back from the end of the
+ array name subscripted by a negative number, that number is in-
+ terpreted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, so negative indices count back from the end of the
array, and an index of -1 references the last element.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the
expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of
- the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the expansion is the
- expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest matching pattern
- (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``#\b##\b#''
- case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal op-
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of
+ the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the expansion is the
+ expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest matching pattern
+ (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``#\b##\b#''
+ case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal op-
eration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the
expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array vari-
- able subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is
- applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion
+ able subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is
+ applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion
is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg s\bsu\buf\bff\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the
expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion
- of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the ex-
- pansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
- matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest matching pat-
- tern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
- pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion
+ of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the ex-
+ pansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
+ matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest matching pat-
+ tern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
+ pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
- _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
- removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
+ removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to produce a pat-
- tern just as in pathname expansion, _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
- the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The match is performed using the rules described under
- P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with /\b/, all matches
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Normally only the first
- match is replaced. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with #\b#, it must match at
- the beginning of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ tern just as in pathname expansion, _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
+ the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The match is performed using the rules described under
+ P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with /\b/, all matches
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Normally only the first
+ match is replaced. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with #\b#, it must match at
+ the beginning of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
begins with %\b%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted
- and the /\b/ following _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn may be omitted. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard
- to the case of alphabetic characters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*,
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted
+ and the /\b/ following _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn may be omitted. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
+ shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard
+ to the case of alphabetic characters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*,
the substitution operation is applied to each positional parame-
ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitu-
- tion operation is applied to each member of the array in turn,
+ tion operation is applied to each member of the array in turn,
and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
- C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
- betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
+ C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
+ betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in
- the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is tested against _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and,
- if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern
- should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^\b^ op-
+ the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is tested against _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and,
+ if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern
+ should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^\b^ op-
erator converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to uppercase;
the ,\b, operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase.
- The ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
- expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
- the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
- ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
- to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
- resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
- with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
- member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ The ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
+ expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
+ the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
+ ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
+ to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
+ resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
+ with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
+ member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br@\b@_\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br}
P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsf\bfo\bor\brm\bma\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. The expansion is either a transforma-
- tion of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br or information about _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- itself, depending on the value of _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. Each _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br is a
+ tion of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br or information about _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ itself, depending on the value of _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. Each _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br is a
single letter:
- Q\bQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ Q\bQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
quoted in a format that can be reused as input.
- E\bE The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the
+ E\bE The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the
$\b$'\b'.\b..\b..\b.'\b' quoting mechanism.
P\bP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding
the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as if it were a prompt string (see
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
- A\bA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment
- statement or d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be command that, if evaluated, will
+ A\bA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment
+ statement or d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be command that, if evaluated, will
recreate _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with its attributes and value.
- a\ba The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep-
+ a\ba The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep-
resenting _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br's attributes.
- If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the operation is applied to each posi-
- tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
- list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the operation is applied to each posi-
+ tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
*\b*, the operation is applied to each member of the array in turn,
and the expansion is the resultant list.
- The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and
+ The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and
pathname expansion as described below.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh performs the expansion by executing _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd in a subshell environ-
ment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of
the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are
- not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com-
- mand substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but
+ not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com-
+ mand substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but
faster $\b$(\b(<\b< _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b).
- When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
- retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
+ When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
+ retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub-
- stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
+ stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted
form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
- If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
+ If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
- and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
+ Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
+ and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
sion is:
$\b$(\b((\b(_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn)\b))\b)
- The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a
- double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All to-
- kens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion, com-
- mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the
- arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be
+ The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a
+ double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All to-
+ kens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion, com-
+ mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the
+ arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be
nested.
- The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
+ The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is invalid, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints a message
indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
P\bPr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bs S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
- _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows a process's input or output to be referred
- to using a filename. It takes the form of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The
- process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as
+ _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows a process's input or output to be referred
+ to using a filename. It takes the form of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The
+ process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as
a filename. This filename is passed as an argument to the current com-
- mand as the result of the expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used,
- writing to the file will provide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form
- is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the
+ mand as the result of the expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used,
+ writing to the file will provide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form
+ is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the
output of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. Process substitution is supported on systems that sup-
port named pipes (_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd method of naming open files.
- When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
- parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+ When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
+ parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
expansion.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg
- The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
- tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
+ The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg.
- The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
- results of the other expansions into words using these characters as
- field terminators. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, or its value is exactly
- <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the default, then sequences of <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>, <\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b>,
- and <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous
- expansions are ignored, and any sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the
- beginning or end serves to delimit words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other
- than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be,
- t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as
- long as the whitespace character is in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS white-
- space character). Any character in I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace,
+ The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
+ results of the other expansions into words using these characters as
+ field terminators. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, or its value is exactly
+ <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the default, then sequences of <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>, <\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b>,
+ and <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous
+ expansions are ignored, and any sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the
+ beginning or end serves to delimit words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other
+ than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be,
+ t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as
+ long as the whitespace character is in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS white-
+ space character). Any character in I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace,
along with any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A
- sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
+ sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word splitting occurs.
- Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained and passed to commands
+ Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained and passed to commands
as empty strings. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the
expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a parame-
ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument re-
sults and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string. When
- a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is
+ a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion is
non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d'' becomes
-d after word splitting and null argument removal.
Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed.
P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
- each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
+ After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
+ each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
appears, and is not quoted, then the word is regarded as a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and
- replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the
- pattern (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below). If no matching filenames are
- found, and the shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not enabled, the word is left
- unchanged. If the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, and no matches are found,
- the word is removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is set, and no
- matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not
+ replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the
+ pattern (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below). If no matching filenames are
+ found, and the shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not enabled, the word is left
+ unchanged. If the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, and no matches are found,
+ the word is removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is set, and no
+ matches are found, an error message is printed and the command is not
executed. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the match is per-
- formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a
- pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the
- start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched ex-
- plicitly, unless the shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
- and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
- In other cases, the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' character is not treated specially. When
+ formed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a
+ pattern is used for pathname expansion, the character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the
+ start of a name or immediately following a slash must be matched ex-
+ plicitly, unless the shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
+ and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
+ In other cases, the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' character is not treated specially. When
matching a pathname, the slash character must always be matched explic-
- itly by a slash in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can
+ itly by a slash in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can
be matched by a special pattern character as described below under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg. See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN
- C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg. See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell options.
- The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
- names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
- name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
- from the list of matches. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, the match-
- ing against the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is performed without regard to
+ The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
+ names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
+ name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
+ from the list of matches. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, the match-
+ ing against the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is performed without regard to
case. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' are always ignored when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bG-\b-
- N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null
+ N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null
value has the effect of enabling the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option, so all other
- filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' will match. To get the old behavior
- of ignoring filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b', make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the
+ filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' will match. To get the old behavior
+ of ignoring filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b', make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the
patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is disabled when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
is unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
option.
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
- characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
- occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
- escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
+ characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
+ occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
+ escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally.
The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
- *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a
- pathname expansion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a
- single pattern will match all files and zero or more di-
- rectories and subdirectories. If followed by a /\b/, two
- adjacent *\b*s will match only directories and subdirecto-
+ *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a
+ pathname expansion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a
+ single pattern will match all files and zero or more di-
+ rectories and subdirectories. If followed by a /\b/, two
+ adjacent *\b*s will match only directories and subdirecto-
ries.
?\b? Matches any single character.
- [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of
- characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\b-
- _\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any character that falls between those two charac-
+ [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of
+ characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\b-
+ _\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any character that falls between those two charac-
ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating se-
quence and character set, is matched. If the first char-
- acter following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^ then any character
+ acter following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^ then any character
not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of characters
- in range expressions is determined by the current locale
- and the values of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE or L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell vari-
- ables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpretation
+ in range expressions is determined by the current locale
+ and the values of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE or L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell vari-
+ ables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpretation
of range expressions, where [\b[a\ba-\b-d\bd]\b] is equivalent to
- [\b[a\bab\bbc\bcd\bd]\b], set value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variable to C\bC, or
- enable the g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs shell option. A -\b- may be
+ [\b[a\bab\bbc\bcd\bd]\b], set value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variable to C\bC, or
+ enable the g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs shell option. A -\b- may be
matched by including it as the first or last character in
the set. A ]\b] may be matched by including it as the first
character in the set.
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using
the syntax [\b[:\b:_\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs:\b:]\b], where _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs is one of the following
classes defined in the POSIX standard:
- a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt
+ a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt
p\bpu\bun\bnc\bct\bt s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be u\bup\bpp\bpe\ber\br w\bwo\bor\brd\bd x\bxd\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt
A character class matches any character belonging to that
class. The w\bwo\bor\brd\bd character class matches letters, digits,
and the character _.
Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified us-
- ing the syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with
- the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo-
+ ing the syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with
+ the same collation weight (as defined by the current lo-
cale) as the character _\bc.
Within [\b[ and ]\b], the syntax [\b[.\b._\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.\b.]\b] matches the collat-
ing symbol _\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.
If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, several
- extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following
+ extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following
description, a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a list of one or more patterns separated
by a |\b|. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol-
lowing sub-patterns:
Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow, es-
pecially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings contain
- multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, or
+ multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings, or
using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be faster.
Q\bQu\buo\bot\bte\be R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bva\bal\bl
After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac-
- ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
+ ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
are removed.
R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
- using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows
- commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer
+ Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
+ using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows
+ commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer
to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and
- writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
- current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera-
+ writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
+ current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera-
tors may precede or appear anywhere within a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or may fol-
- low a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. Redirections are processed in the order they appear,
+ low a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. Redirections are processed in the order they appear,
from left to right.
- Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
+ Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
instead be preceded by a word of the form {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}. In this case, for
each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a
- file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines
- the file descriptor to close. If {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be} is supplied, the redirect-
- ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro-
+ file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines
+ the file descriptor to close. If {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be} is supplied, the redirect-
+ ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro-
grammer to manage the file descriptor himself.
- In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
- ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
- direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
- first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
+ In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
+ ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
+ direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
+ first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
- The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
- tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
- expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
- arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word
+ The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
+ tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
+ expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
+ arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word
splitting. If it expands to more than one word, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
- Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
+ Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
command
ls >\b> dirlist 2>\b>&\b&1
- directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
while the command
ls 2>\b>&\b&1 >\b> dirlist
- directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
- error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out-
+ directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
+ error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out-
put was redirected to _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec-
tions, as described in the following table. If the operating system on
which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running provides these special files, bash will use them;
- otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described
+ otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described
below.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd/\b/_\bf_\bd
- If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
+ If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
cated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/s\bst\btd\bdi\bin\bn
File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/t\btc\bcp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open the corresponding TCP socket.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/u\bud\bdp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open the corresponding UDP socket.
A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
- Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
- care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
+ Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
+ care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
nally.
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg I\bIn\bnp\bpu\but\bt
Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified.
The general format for redirecting input is:
[_\bn]<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the ex-
- pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for writing on file descriptor _\bn, or the
+ Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the ex-
+ pansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for writing on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified. If the file
- does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
+ does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
size.
The general format for redirecting output is:
[_\bn]>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
- name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
+ If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
+ name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
If the redirection operator is >\b>|\b|, or the redirection operator is >\b> and
the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is not enabled, the re-
direction is attempted even if the file named by _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists.
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bte\bed\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name re-
+ Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name re-
sults from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for appending on file de-
- scriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
+ scriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
The general format for appending output is:
[_\bn]>\b>>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
- This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
- the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
- There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard er-
+ There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard er-
ror:
&\b&>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd 2>\b>&\b&1
- When using the second form, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd may not expand to a number or -\b-. If
- it does, other redirection operators apply (see D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\be-\b-
+ When using the second form, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd may not expand to a number or -\b-. If
+ it does, other redirection operators apply (see D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\be-\b-
s\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs below) for compatibility reasons.
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
- This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
- the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
(see D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs below).
H\bHe\ber\bre\be D\bDo\boc\bcu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
- This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
+ This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
current source until a line containing only _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br (with no trailing
- blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
- as the standard input (or file descriptor _\bn if _\bn is specified) for a
+ blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
+ as the standard input (or file descriptor _\bn if _\bn is specified) for a
command.
The format of here-documents is:
_\bh_\be_\br_\be_\b-_\bd_\bo_\bc_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt
_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br
- No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
- expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any part of
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd,
- and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is un-
- quoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter ex-
- pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the character
+ No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+ expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any part of
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd,
+ and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is un-
+ quoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter ex-
+ pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the character
sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be used to quote the charac-
ters \\b\, $\b$, and `\b`.
If the redirection operator is <\b<<\b<-\b-, then all leading tab characters are
- stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This al-
- lows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
+ stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This al-
+ lows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
fashion.
H\bHe\ber\bre\be S\bSt\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
[_\bn]<\b<<\b<<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
- command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path-
- name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+ command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path-
+ name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is
supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on
its standard input (or file descriptor _\bn if _\bn is specified).
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd expands to one or
- more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
- that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file de-
+ more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
+ that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file de-
scriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates
to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, the standard
input (file descriptor 0) is used.
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
- specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
- digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
- direction error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is
- closed. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd does not expand
- to one or more digits or -\b-, the standard output and standard error are
+ is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
+ specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
+ digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
+ direction error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is
+ closed. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd does not expand
+ to one or more digits or -\b-, the standard output and standard error are
redirected as described previously.
M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified. _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt is closed after
being duplicated to _\bn.
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified.
O\bOp\bpe\ben\bni\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs f\bfo\bor\br R\bRe\bea\bad\bdi\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd W\bWr\bri\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg
[_\bn]<\b<>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
- both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
+ causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
+ both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
if _\bn is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
- _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
- the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
- aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
- commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
- simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
- so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
- $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
+ _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
+ the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
+ aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
+ commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
+ simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
+ so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
+ $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may
- contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
- first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
- that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
- time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
- last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
+ contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
+ first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
+ that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
+ time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
+ last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
Aliases are created and listed with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command, and removed with
the u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command.
- There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
- arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
+ arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
below).
- Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
- e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
+ Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
+ e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
- confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input, and
- all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the
- commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded
- when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias
- definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take
- effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following
- the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias.
- This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases
- are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function
- is executed, because a function definition is itself a command. As a
- consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until af-
- ter that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias defini-
+ The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
+ confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input, and
+ all lines that make up a compound command, before executing any of the
+ commands on that line or the compound command. Aliases are expanded
+ when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore, an alias
+ definition appearing on the same line as another command does not take
+ effect until the next line of input is read. The commands following
+ the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new alias.
+ This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed. Aliases
+ are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the function
+ is executed, because a function definition is itself a command. As a
+ consequence, aliases defined in a function are not available until af-
+ ter that function is executed. To be safe, always put alias defini-
tions on a separate line, and do not use a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs in compound commands.
For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
- stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
- shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
+ A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
+ stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
+ shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed
- in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to in-
- terpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
- When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
+ in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to in-
+ terpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
+ When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter #\b# is
- updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0\b0 is unchanged. The
- first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
+ updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0\b0 is unchanged. The
+ first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
tion while the function is executing.
- All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be-
- tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
- R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
- given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
- below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
- traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
+ All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical be-
+ tween a function and its caller with these exceptions: the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
+ given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
+ below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
option has been enabled.
- Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
+ Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the
- function and its caller. If a variable is declared l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, the vari-
- able's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children
+ function and its caller. If a variable is declared l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, the vari-
+ able's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children
(including the functions it calls). Local variables "shadow" variables
- with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local
- variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same
- name: references and assignments refer to the local variable, leaving
- the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global
+ with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local
+ variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same
+ name: references and assignments refer to the local variable, leaving
+ the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global
variable is once again visible.
- The shell uses _\bd_\by_\bn_\ba_\bm_\bi_\bc _\bs_\bc_\bo_\bp_\bi_\bn_\bg to control a variable's visibility
- within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their
- values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe-
- cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a
- function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether
- that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is
- also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the
+ The shell uses _\bd_\by_\bn_\ba_\bm_\bi_\bc _\bs_\bc_\bo_\bp_\bi_\bn_\bg to control a variable's visibility
+ within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their
+ values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe-
+ cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a
+ function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether
+ that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is
+ also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the
value that is restored when the function returns.
- For example, if a variable _\bv_\ba_\br is declared as local in function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1,
- and _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1 calls another function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2, references to _\bv_\ba_\br made from
+ For example, if a variable _\bv_\ba_\br is declared as local in function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1,
+ and _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1 calls another function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2, references to _\bv_\ba_\br made from
within _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2 will resolve to the local variable _\bv_\ba_\br from _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1, shadow-
ing any global variable named _\bv_\ba_\br.
The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a variable
is local to the current scope, u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt will unset it; otherwise the unset
- will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described
- above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will re-
- main so until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns.
- Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous
+ will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described
+ above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will re-
+ main so until it is reset in that scope or until the function returns.
+ Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a previous
scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at a previ-
- ous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had been
+ ous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had been
shadowed will become visible.
- The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de-
- fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex-
+ The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0, de-
+ fines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that ex-
ceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.
- If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
- completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
+ If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
+ completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
tion call. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed be-
- fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the
- positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
+ fore execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the
+ positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
values they had prior to the function's execution.
- Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
+ Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt builtin commands. The -\b-F\bF option to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\be-\b-
- s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
- and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
- may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with
- the -\b-f\bf option to the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. A function definition may be
+ s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
+ and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
+ may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with
+ the -\b-f\bf option to the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. A function definition may be
deleted using the -\b-f\bf option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin.
Functions may be recursive. The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable may be used to limit
- the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func-
+ the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func-
tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of re-
cursive calls.
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
- circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands, the (\b((\b( com-
+ The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
+ circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands, the (\b((\b( com-
pound command, and A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn). Evaluation is done in fixed-
- width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is
- trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence,
- associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol-
+ width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is
+ trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence,
+ associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol-
lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence op-
erators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ,\b, _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
comma
- Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
+ Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell
- variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
- expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
+ variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
+ expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
- The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
- it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
+ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
+ it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
attribute using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-i\bi is assigned a value. A null value evaluates
- to 0. A shell variable need not have its _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute turned on
+ to 0. A shell variable need not have its _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute turned on
to be used in an expression.
Integer constants follow the C language definition, without suffixes or
character constants. Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as oc-
- tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num-
- bers take the form [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal num-
- ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a num-
- ber in that base. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When
+ tal numbers. A leading 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, num-
+ bers take the form [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal num-
+ ber between 2 and 64 representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a num-
+ ber in that base. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When
specifying _\bn, if a non-digit is required, the digits greater than 9 are
- represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _,
- in that order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up-
- percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be-
+ represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _,
+ in that order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and up-
+ percase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers be-
tween 10 and 35.
- Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
- parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
+ Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
+ parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
above.
C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
- and arithmetic comparisons. The t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ commands determine their
- behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of
+ Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
+ and arithmetic comparisons. The t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ commands determine their
+ behavior based on the number of arguments; see the descriptions of
those commands for any other command-specific actions.
- Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres-
+ Expressions are formed from the following unary or binary primaries.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in expres-
sions. If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running provides these
- special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in-
- ternally with this behavior: If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
+ special files, bash will use them; otherwise it will emulate them in-
+ ternally with this behavior: If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
maries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then file descriptor _\bn is checked. If
- the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
- _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
+ the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
+ _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
is checked.
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym-
bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link
itself.
- When used with [\b[[\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically using
+ When used with [\b[[\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically using
the current locale. The t\bte\bes\bst\bt command sorts using ASCII ordering.
-\b-a\ba _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
-\b-L\bL _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a symbolic link.
-\b-N\bN _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
read.
-\b-O\bO _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is owned by the effective user id.
-\b-S\bS _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a socket.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -\b-e\bef\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
bers.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -n\bnt\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 does not.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -o\bot\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
does not.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
- options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
+ options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin below.
-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
value).
-\b-R\bR _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and is a name refer-
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and is a name refer-
ence.
-\b-z\bz _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is zero.
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b==\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
- True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
- command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command,
+ True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
+ command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command,
this performs pattern matching as described above (C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bm-\b-
m\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs).
True if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 sorts after _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2 lexicographically.
_\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 O\bOP\bP _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2
- O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
- binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
- less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
- or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
- or negative integers. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command, _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and
- _\bA_\br_\bg_\b2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC
+ O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
+ binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
+ less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
+ or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
+ or negative integers. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command, _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and
+ _\bA_\br_\bg_\b2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC
E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above).
S\bSI\bIM\bMP\bPL\bLE\bE C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following ex-
- pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the
+ pansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right, in the
following order.
- 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
- (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
+ 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
+ (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
for later processing.
- 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
- expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
- is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
+ 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+ expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+ is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
are the arguments.
3. Redirections are performed as described above under R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN.
4. The text after the =\b= in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
- expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
+ expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
able.
If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
- shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ-
- ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi-
- ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a
- readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-
+ shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ-
+ ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi-
+ ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a
+ readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-
zero status.
- If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af-
- fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+ If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not af-
+ fect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
command to exit with a non-zero status.
- If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
- described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
- sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
- is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
+ If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+ described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
+ sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
+ is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of
zero.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
- command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
+ After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
+ command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
taken.
- If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
- it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
- invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
- function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
+ If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
+ it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
+ invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
+ function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
a match is found, that builtin is invoked.
- If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
- slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
+ If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
+ slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
taining an executable file by that name. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses a hash table to re-
- member the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). A full search of the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
- performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
+ member the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). A full search of the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
+ performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function
named c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd_\b_n\bno\bot\bt_\b_f\bfo\bou\bun\bnd\bd_\b_h\bha\ban\bnd\bdl\ble\be. If that function exists, it is invoked
- in a separate execution environment with the original command and the
- original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit
- status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is
+ in a separate execution environment with the original command and the
+ original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit
+ status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is
not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit sta-
tus of 127.
- If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
+ If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu-
tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain-
ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any.
- If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
- and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
- file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it.
- This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new
- shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that
- the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh below un-
+ If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
+ and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
+ file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it.
+ This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new
+ shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that
+ the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh below un-
der S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS) are retained by the child.
- If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
- line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
+ If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
+ line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe-
cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of
- a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
- line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
+ a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
+ line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
the command arguments, if any.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
+ The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
ing:
- +\bo open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+ +\bo open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
redirections supplied to the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin
- +\bo the current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
+ +\bo the current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
inherited by the shell at invocation
- +\bo the file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
+ +\bo the file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
the shell's parent
+\bo current traps set by t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+\bo shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with s\bse\bet\bt
or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
- +\bo shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
+ +\bo shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
shell's parent in the environment
- +\bo options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
+ +\bo options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
mand-line arguments) or by s\bse\bet\bt
+\bo options enabled by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+\bo shell aliases defined with a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- +\bo various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
+ +\bo various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
value of $\b$$\b$, and the value of P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD
- When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
- executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
- sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
+ When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
+ executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
+ sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
ited from the shell.
- +\bo the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
+ +\bo the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
specified by redirections to the command
+\bo the current working directory
+\bo the file creation mode mask
- +\bo shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
+ +\bo shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
variables exported for the command, passed in the environment
+\bo traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from
the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
- A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+ A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
shell's execution environment.
- Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
+ Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate
of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are re-
- set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca-
+ set to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca-
tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also
executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi-
ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
- the -\b-e\be option from the parent shell. When not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ the -\b-e\be option from the parent shell. When not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
clears the -\b-e\be option in such subshells.
- If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the de-
+ If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the de-
fault standard input for the command is the empty file _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bn_\bu_\bl_\bl. Oth-
- erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call-
+ erwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the call-
ing shell as modified by redirections.
E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
+ When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
_\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. This is a list of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be-_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be pairs, of the form
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be.
- The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in-
- vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter
- for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child pro-
+ The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On in-
+ vocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter
+ for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child pro-
cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and d\bde\be-\b-
- c\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
+ c\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi-
ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment, re-
- placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
- consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
- fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt command, plus
+ placing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
+ consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
+ fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt command, plus
any additions via the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands.
- The environment for any _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or function may be augmented
- temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
+ The environment for any _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or function may be augmented
+ temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
above in P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS. These assignment statements affect only the envi-
ronment seen by that command.
- If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
- parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
+ If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
+ parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
just those that precede the command name.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ-
ment.
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT S\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
- The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
+ The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
_\bw_\ba_\bi_\bt_\bp_\bi_\bd system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between
- 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
+ 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands
are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell
will use special values to indicate specific failure modes.
For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status
- has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
- exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
+ has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
+ exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
signal _\bN, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of 128+_\bN as the exit status.
- If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re-
- turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
+ If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it re-
+ turns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
the return status is 126.
If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
the exit status is greater than zero.
- Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
- non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
- return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in-
+ Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
+ non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
+ return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally in-
valid options or missing arguments.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un-
- less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed, un-
+ less a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
value. See also the e\bex\bxi\bit\bt builtin command below.
S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM (so that k\bki\bil\bll\bl 0\b0 does not kill an interactive shell), and S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
- is caught and handled (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible). In
+ is caught and handled (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible). In
all cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT. If job control is in effect, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ig-
nores S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
Non-builtin commands run by b\bba\bas\bsh\bh have signal handlers set to the values
inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in ef-
- fect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to
- these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
+ fect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to
+ these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bT-\b-
T\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
- The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
- an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
+ The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
+ an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
stopped. Stopped jobs are sent S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT to ensure that they receive the
- S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
- job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn builtin
- (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or marked to not receive S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP us-
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
+ job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn builtin
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or marked to not receive S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP us-
ing d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn -\b-h\bh.
- If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set with s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
+ If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set with s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
- If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
+ If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com-
- mand completes. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
- the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
+ mand completes. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
+ the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
set will cause the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta-
tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
_\bJ_\bo_\bb _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl refers to the ability to selectively stop (_\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd) the ex-
- ecution of processes and continue (_\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be) their execution at a later
- point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in-
- terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal
+ ecution of processes and continue (_\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be) their execution at a later
+ point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive in-
+ terface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal
driver and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
- The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
- currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a
+ The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
+ currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command.
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a
line that looks like:
[1] 25647
indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the
last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of
- the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
uses the _\bj_\bo_\bb abstraction as the basis for job control.
- To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
+ To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
the operating system maintains the notion of a _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\bi_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs
_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bI_\bD. Members of this process group (processes whose process group
ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard-
- generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. These processes are said to be in
- the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID
+ generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. These processes are said to be in
+ the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID
differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen-
erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or,
- if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal.
- Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty
- tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal
- by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the
+ if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal.
+ Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty
+ tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal
+ by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the
process.
- If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
+ If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd character (typ-
ically ^\b^Z\bZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to
- be stopped and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
- character (typically ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
+ be stopped and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
+ character (typically ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be re-
- turned to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
- using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it in the background, the f\bfg\bg command
+ turned to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
+ using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it in the background, the f\bfg\bg command
to continue it in the foreground, or the k\bki\bil\bll\bl command to kill it. A ^\b^Z\bZ
takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing
pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac-
- ter %\b% introduces a job specification (_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc). Job number _\bn may be
+ ter %\b% introduces a job specification (_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc). Job number _\bn may be
referred to as %\b%n\bn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the
name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command
- line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a stopped c\bce\be job. If a prefix
- matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the
- other hand, refers to any job containing the string c\bce\be in its command
- line. If the substring matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an er-
- ror. The symbols %\b%%\b% and %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt
- _\bj_\bo_\bb, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground or
- started in the background. The _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb may be referenced using
+ line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a stopped c\bce\be job. If a prefix
+ matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the
+ other hand, refers to any job containing the string c\bce\be in its command
+ line. If the substring matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an er-
+ ror. The symbols %\b%%\b% and %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt
+ _\bj_\bo_\bb, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground or
+ started in the background. The _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb may be referenced using
%\b%-\b-. If there is only a single job, %\b%+\b+ and %\b%-\b- can both be used to refer
- to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the
+ to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the
j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command), the current job is always flagged with a +\b+, and the pre-
- vious job with a -\b-. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica-
+ vious job with a -\b-. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica-
tion) also refers to the current job.
- Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
- a synonym for `\b``\b`f\bfg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b', bringing job 1 from the background into the
- foreground. Similarly, `\b``\b`%\b%1\b1 &\b&'\b''\b' resumes job 1 in the background,
+ Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
+ a synonym for `\b``\b`f\bfg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b', bringing job 1 from the background into the
+ foreground. Similarly, `\b``\b`%\b%1\b1 &\b&'\b''\b' resumes job 1 in the background,
equivalent to `\b``\b`b\bbg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b'.
- The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
+ The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes
- in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -\b-b\bb
+ in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -\b-b\bb
option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports such changes
- immediately. Any trap on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD is executed for each child that ex-
+ immediately. Any trap on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD is executed for each child that ex-
its.
- If an attempt to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
+ If an attempt to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs option
- is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
- then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
- made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
+ is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
+ then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
+ made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated.
- When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin,
- and job control is enabled, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt will return when the job changes
- state. The -\b-f\bf option causes w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait until the job or process ter-
+ When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin,
+ and job control is enabled, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt will return when the job changes
+ state. The -\b-f\bf option causes w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait until the job or process ter-
minates before returning.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
When executing interactively, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays the primary prompt P\bPS\bS1\b1 when
- it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
- needs more input to complete a command. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS0\b0 after it
- reads a command but before executing it. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS4\b4 as de-
- scribed above before tracing each command when the -\b-x\bx option is en-
- abled. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting
- a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as
+ it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
+ needs more input to complete a command. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS0\b0 after it
+ reads a command but before executing it. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS4\b4 as de-
+ scribed above before tracing each command when the -\b-x\bx option is en-
+ abled. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows these prompt strings to be customized by inserting
+ a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded as
follows:
\\b\a\ba an ASCII bell character (07)
- \\b\d\bd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
+ \\b\d\bd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
26")
\\b\D\bD{\b{_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt}\b}
the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is passed to _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) and the result is in-
serted into the prompt string; an empty _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt results in
- a locale-specific time representation. The braces are
+ a locale-specific time representation. The braces are
required
\\b\e\be an ASCII escape character (033)
\\b\h\bh the hostname up to the first `.'
\\b\l\bl the basename of the shell's terminal device name
\\b\n\bn newline
\\b\r\br carriage return
- \\b\s\bs the name of the shell, the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
+ \\b\s\bs the name of the shell, the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
following the final slash)
\\b\t\bt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
\\b\T\bT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
\\b\u\bu the username of the current user
\\b\v\bv the version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh (e.g., 2.00)
\\b\V\bV the release of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
- \\b\w\bw the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated
- with a tilde (uses the value of the P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM vari-
+ \\b\w\bw the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated
+ with a tilde (uses the value of the P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM vari-
able)
\\b\W\bW the basename of the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE
abbreviated with a tilde
\\b\$\b$ if the effective UID is 0, a #\b#, otherwise a $\b$
\\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the character corresponding to the octal number _\bn_\bn_\bn
\\b\\\b\ a backslash
- \\b\[\b[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
- be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
+ \\b\[\b[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
+ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
prompt
\\b\]\b] end a sequence of non-printing characters
- The command number and the history number are usually different: the
- history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
- may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY be-
- low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com-
- mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is
- decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution,
- arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
+ The command number and the history number are usually different: the
+ history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
+ may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY be-
+ low), while the command number is the position in the sequence of com-
+ mands executed during the current shell session. After the string is
+ decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitution,
+ arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs shell option (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt command under
- S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). This can have unwanted side effects if
- escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or
+ S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). This can have unwanted side effects if
+ escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or
contain characters special to word expansion.
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
- This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
+ This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
tive shell, unless the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option is given at shell invocation.
Line editing is also used when using the -\b-e\be option to the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin.
By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A
vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be
- enabled at any time using the -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). To turn off line editing
- after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the
+ enabled at any time using the -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). To turn off line editing
+ after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the
s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be N\bNo\bot\bta\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes.
- Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
- larly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
- boards without a _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Escape key
+ Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
+ larly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
+ boards without a _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Escape key
then the _\bx key. This makes ESC the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. The combination M-C-_\bx
- means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
+ means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
while pressing the _\bx key.)
Readline commands may be given numeric _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, which normally act as
- a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
- that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
- acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) causes that command to
- act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
+ a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
+ that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
+ acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) causes that command to
+ act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
deviates from this are noted below.
- When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
+ When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
for possible future retrieval (_\by_\ba_\bn_\bk_\bi_\bn_\bg). The killed text is saved in a
_\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl _\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one
unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text
separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be I\bIn\bni\bit\bti\bia\bal\bli\biz\bza\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
- (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
+ Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
+ (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\b-
- _\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the
- initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are
- set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline
- initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a
- #\b# are comments. Lines beginning with a $\b$ indicate conditional con-
+ _\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline library starts up, the
+ initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are
+ set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline
+ initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a
+ #\b# are comments. Lines beginning with a $\b$ indicate conditional con-
structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings.
- The default key-bindings may be changed with an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Other
+ The default key-bindings may be changed with an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Other
programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings.
For example, placing
M-Control-u: universal-argument
or
C-Meta-u: universal-argument
- into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
+ into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
_\bs_\ba_\bl_\b-_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt.
- The following symbolic character names are recognized: _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bD_\bE_\bL,
+ The following symbolic character names are recognized: _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bD_\bE_\bL,
_\bE_\bS_\bC, _\bL_\bF_\bD, _\bN_\bE_\bW_\bL_\bI_\bN_\bE, _\bR_\bE_\bT, _\bR_\bE_\bT_\bU_\bR_\bN, _\bS_\bP_\bC, _\bS_\bP_\bA_\bC_\bE, and _\bT_\bA_\bB.
- In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
+ In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo).
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs
- The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
- All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
+ The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
+ All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-
fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba_\b- or
_\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl_\b- prefixes, or as a key sequence.
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "> output"
- In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
- _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
- run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
+ In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
+ _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
+ run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
text ``> output'' into the line).
- In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
- from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
- be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
- Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
+ In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
+ from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
+ be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
+ Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
the symbolic character names are not recognized.
"\C-u": universal-argument
"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
In this example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is again bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt.
- _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
+ _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''.
The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is
\\b\"\b" literal "
\\b\'\b' literal '
- In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
+ In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
backslash escapes is available:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\r\br carriage return
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
- \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used
to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func-
- tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
- are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
+ tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
+ are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
text, including " and '.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
- fied with the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
- during interactive use by using the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
+ fied with the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
+ during interactive use by using the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
s\bse\bet\bt _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
or using the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
- (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
- When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
+ Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
+ (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
+ When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
sitive), and "1" are equivalent to O\bOn\bn. All other values are equivalent
to O\bOf\bff\bf. The variables and their default values are:
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be (\b(a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be)\b)
- Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
+ Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
bell. If set to n\bno\bon\bne\be, readline never rings the bell. If set to
- v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
+ v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
set to a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd-\b-t\btt\bty\by-\b-s\bsp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read-
line equivalents.
b\bbl\bli\bin\bnk\bk-\b-m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg-\b-p\bpa\bar\bre\ben\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, readline displays the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, readline displays the
common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ-
- ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
+ ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment variable.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline displays possible completions using dif-
- ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
- tions are taken from the value of the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline displays possible completions using dif-
+ ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
+ tions are taken from the value of the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment
variable.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn (\b(`\b``\b`#\b#'\b''\b')\b)
- The string that is inserted when the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt
+ The string that is inserted when the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt
command is executed. This command is bound to M\bM-\b-#\b# in emacs mode
and to #\b# in vi command mode.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-w\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh (\b(-\b-1\b1)\b)
- The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
- when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
- than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
- will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default
+ The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
+ when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
+ than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
+ will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default
value is -1.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-m\bma\bap\bp-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, readline
- treats hyphens (_\b-) and underscores (_\b_) as equivalent when per-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, readline
+ treats hyphens (_\b-) and underscores (_\b_) as equivalent when per-
forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh (\b(0\b0)\b)
- The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
- sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
- set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
- this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
+ The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
+ sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
+ set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
+ this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
ble completions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-q\bqu\bue\ber\bry\by-\b-i\bit\bte\bem\bms\bs (\b(1\b10\b00\b0)\b)
- This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
- ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
- t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
- or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
+ This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
+ ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
+ t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
+ or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is
- asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are
+ asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are
simply listed on the terminal.
c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and
- prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
- _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx). The default is _\bO_\bn, but readline will set it to
+ prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
+ _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx). The default is _\bO_\bn, but readline will set it to
_\bO_\bf_\bf if the locale contains eight-bit characters.
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
- characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
+ characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
mapped to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo-\b-c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener-
ated from the keyboard.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
ilar to _\bE_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs or _\bv_\bi. e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be can be set to either e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or
v\bvi\bi.
e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b(@\b@)\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
when emacs editing mode is active. The value is expanded like a
- key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes
- and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2
- escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters,
- which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
+ key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes
+ and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2
+ escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters,
+ which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
mode string.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bck\bke\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-p\bpa\bas\bst\bte\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will configure the terminal in a way
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will configure the terminal in a way
that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer
as a single string of characters, instead of treating each char-
- acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre-
- vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com-
+ acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre-
+ vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com-
mands.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-k\bke\bey\byp\bpa\bad\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable the application key-
pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the ar-
row keys.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
- key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
+ key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many
terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, tilde expansion is performed when readline at-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, tilde expansion is performed when readline at-
tempts word completion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bes\bse\ber\brv\bve\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
- same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
+ same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
t\bto\bor\bry\by or n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsi\biz\bze\be (\b(u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt)\b)
- Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
- list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
+ Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
+ list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero,
- the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the
- number of history entries is set to the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by_\b-_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be to a
+ the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the
+ number of history entries is set to the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
+ shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by_\b-_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be to a
non-numeric value, the maximum number of history entries will be
set to 500.
h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, makes readline use a single line for display,
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, makes readline use a single line for display,
scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it
- becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
- new line. This setting is automatically enabled for terminals
+ becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
+ new line. This setting is automatically enabled for terminals
of height 1.
i\bin\bnp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads), re-
- gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
- m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bfl\bla\bag\bg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf,
- but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale contains eight-bit
+ gardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
+ m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bfl\bla\bag\bg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf,
+ but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale contains eight-bit
characters.
i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs (\b(`\b``\b`C\bC-\b-[\b[C\bC-\b-J\bJ'\b''\b')\b)
- The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
- search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
- mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
+ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
+ search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
+ mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
ters _\bE_\bS_\bC and _\bC_\b-_\bJ will terminate an incremental search.
k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
- Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
- is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
- _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
- equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
+ Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
+ is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
+ equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
value of e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be also affects the default keymap.
k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq-\b-t\bti\bim\bme\beo\bou\but\bt (\b(5\b50\b00\b0)\b)
- Specifies the duration _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait for a character when
- reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
+ Specifies the duration _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait for a character when
+ reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional
- input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re-
- ceived within the timeout, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will use the shorter but
- complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds,
- so a value of 1000 means that _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait one second for
- additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than
- or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait
- until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to
+ input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is re-
+ ceived within the timeout, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will use the shorter but
+ complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds,
+ so a value of 1000 means that _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait one second for
+ additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than
+ or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait
+ until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to
complete.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed directory names have a slash appended.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
played with a preceding asterisk (*\b*).
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc-
- tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bi-\b-
+ tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bi-\b-
r\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs).
m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bid\bdd\bde\ben\bn-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
- whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
- filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the leading `.' must be
+ This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
+ whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
+ filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the leading `.' must be
supplied by the user in the filename to be completed.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling
through the list.
o\bou\but\btp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence.
The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf, but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale
contains eight-bit characters.
p\bpa\bag\bge\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
play a screenful of possible completions at a time.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bll\bly\by (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
- sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
+ sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
screen.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-a\bat\bt-\b-n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be is executed. By default, his-
- tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
+ tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
across calls to r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
If set to O\bOn\bn, words which have more than one possible completion
- cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
+ cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
the bell.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-u\bun\bnm\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
a fashion similar to s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs. If set to O\bOn\bn, words
- which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
- ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
- common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in-
+ which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
+ ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
+ common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately in-
stead of ringing the bell.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-i\bin\bn-\b-p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi-
- cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion.
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi-
+ cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion.
The mode strings are user-settable (e.g., _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg).
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-t\bte\bex\bxt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
- inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
- performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
- readline does not insert characters from the completion that
- match characters after point in the word being completed, so
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
+ inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
+ performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
+ readline does not insert characters from the completion that
+ match characters after point in the word being completed, so
portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
v\bvi\bi-\b-c\bcm\bmd\bd-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b((\b(c\bcm\bmd\bd)\b))\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
- when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value
+ when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value
is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
- control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
- Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
- printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
+ control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
+ Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
+ printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
trol sequence into the mode string.
v\bvi\bi-\b-i\bin\bns\bs-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b((\b(i\bin\bns\bs)\b))\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode. The value
is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
- control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
- Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
- printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
+ control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
+ Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
+ printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
trol sequence into the mode string.
v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
pletions.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bon\bnd\bdi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\btr\bru\buc\bct\bts\bs
- Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
- compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
- and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
+ Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+ compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
+ and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
are four parser directives used.
- $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
- ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
+ $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
+ ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator,
- extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no
+ extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no
characters are required to isolate it.
- m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
- whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
- used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for in-
- stance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
- _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
+ m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
+ whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
+ used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for in-
+ stance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
+ _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
emacs mode.
- t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
+ t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by
the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side
of the =\b= is tested against both the full name of the ter-
- minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
- first -\b-. This allows _\bs_\bu_\bn to match both _\bs_\bu_\bn and _\bs_\bu_\bn_\b-_\bc_\bm_\bd,
+ minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
+ first -\b-. This allows _\bs_\bu_\bn to match both _\bs_\bu_\bn and _\bs_\bu_\bn_\b-_\bc_\bm_\bd,
for instance.
v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn test may be used to perform comparisons
- against specific readline versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
- to the current readline version. The set of comparison
- operators includes =\b=, (and =\b==\b=), !\b!=\b=, <\b<=\b=, >\b>=\b=, <\b<, and >\b>.
- The version number supplied on the right side of the op-
- erator consists of a major version number, an optional
+ The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn test may be used to perform comparisons
+ against specific readline versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
+ to the current readline version. The set of comparison
+ operators includes =\b=, (and =\b==\b=), !\b!=\b=, <\b<=\b=, >\b>=\b=, <\b<, and >\b>.
+ The version number supplied on the right side of the op-
+ erator consists of a major version number, an optional
decimal point, and an optional minor version (e.g., 7\b7.\b.1\b1).
- If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 0\b0.
+ If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 0\b0.
The operator may be separated from the string v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn and
from the version number argument by whitespace.
a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
The a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn construct is used to include application-
- specific settings. Each program using the readline li-
- brary sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
+ specific settings. Each program using the readline li-
+ brary sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
file can test for a particular value. This could be used
- to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
- program. For instance, the following command adds a key
- sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
+ to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
+ program. For instance, the following command adds a key
+ sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh:
$\b$i\bif\bf Bash
_\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be
The _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be construct provides simple equality tests for
- readline variables and values. The permitted comparison
- operators are _\b=, _\b=_\b=, and _\b!_\b=. The variable name must be
+ readline variables and values. The permitted comparison
+ operators are _\b=, _\b=_\b=, and _\b!_\b=. The variable name must be
separated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the
- operator may be separated from the value on the right
- hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari-
- ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested
+ operator may be separated from the value on the right
+ hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari-
+ ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested
against the values _\bo_\bn and _\bo_\bf_\bf.
$\b$e\ben\bnd\bdi\bif\bf This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an $\b$i\bif\bf
test fails.
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be
- This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
- commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
+ This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
+ commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
ing directive would read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc:
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
S\bSe\bea\bar\brc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
- Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+ Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
(see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are
two search modes: _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl and _\bn_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl.
- Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
- search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
+ Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
+ search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed
- so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
- needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
- the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used to terminate an
+ so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
+ needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
+ the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used to terminate an
incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the
- Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
- Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
- line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
+ Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
+ Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
+ line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
search string becomes the current line.
- To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
- Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
- history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
- Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
- search and execute that command. For instance, a _\bn_\be_\bw_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will termi-
+ To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
+ Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
+ history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
+ Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
+ search and execute that command. For instance, a _\bn_\be_\bw_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will termi-
nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from
the history list.
Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control-
- Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
+ Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
string, any remembered search string is used.
- Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
- to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
+ Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
+ to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs
- The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
+ The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom-
panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip-
- tions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to
- a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk command. The text between the
+ tions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to
+ a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk command. The text between the
point and mark is referred to as the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg
Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-b\bb)\b)
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
+ Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
- previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired
- effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than
- one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of
+ Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
+ previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired
+ effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than
+ one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of
the prompt plus the screen width.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
+ Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
next physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect
- if the current Readline line does not take up more than one
- physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is
+ if the current Readline line does not take up more than one
+ physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is
not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the
- screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without
+ Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the
+ screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without
clearing the screen.
r\bre\bed\bdr\bra\baw\bw-\b-c\bcu\bur\brr\bre\ben\bnt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Refresh the current line.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMa\ban\bni\bip\bpu\bul\bla\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be H\bHi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by
a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(N\bNe\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be,\b, R\bRe\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn)\b)
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line
- is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
- of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL variable. If the line is a modified history
+ is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
+ of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL variable. If the line is a modified history
line, then restore the history line to its original state.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-p\bp)\b)
Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in
the list.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
+ Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
the list.
b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-<\b<)\b)
Move to the first line in the history.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b->\b>)\b)
- Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
+ Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
being entered.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-s\bs)\b)
- Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-p\bp)\b)
Search backward through the history starting at the current line
- using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
+ using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
user.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
+ Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
search for a string supplied by the user.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the current cursor po-
- sition (the _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt). The search string may match anywhere in a
+ sition (the _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt). The search string may match anywhere in a
history line. This is a non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point. The search
- string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in-
+ string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-in-
cremental search.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
- Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
+ Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _\bn,
- insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
- previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in-
- serts the _\bnth word from the end of the previous command. Once
- the argument _\bn is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
+ insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
+ previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument in-
+ serts the _\bnth word from the end of the previous command. Once
+ the argument _\bn is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
"!_\bn" history expansion had been specified.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
- Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
+ Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave
- exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
- move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
- the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
+ exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
+ move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
+ the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive
- calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
- negative argument switches the direction through the history
+ calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
+ negative argument switches the direction through the history
(back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to
extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had been
specified.
tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-^\b^)\b)
- Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bX-\b-
+ Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bX-\b-
P\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
m\bma\bag\bgi\bic\bc-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be
- Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
+ Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
space. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history
expansion.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
+ Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
for a description of alias expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
A synonym for y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg.
o\bop\bpe\ber\bra\bat\bte\be-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-g\bge\bet\bt-\b-n\bne\bex\bxt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-o\bo)\b)
- Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
- relative to the current line from the history for editing. A
- numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to
+ Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
+ relative to the current line from the history for editing. A
+ numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to
use instead of the current line.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-e\bex\bxe\bec\bcu\but\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
- Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
+ Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
result as shell commands. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to invoke $\b$V\bVI\bIS\bSU\bUA\bAL\bL, $\b$E\bED\bD-\b-
I\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR, and _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs as the editor, in that order.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br C\bCh\bha\ban\bng\bgi\bin\bng\bg T\bTe\bex\bxt\bt
_\be_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bo_\bf_\b-_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be (\b(u\bus\bsu\bua\bal\bll\bly\by C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
- The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
- ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac-
- ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line,
+ The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
+ ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac-
+ ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line,
Readline interprets it as the end of input and returns E\bEO\bOF\bF.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the
same character as the tty E\bEO\bOF\bF character, as C\bC-\b-d\bd commonly is, see
above for the effects.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
+ Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br
- Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
+ Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur-
sor is deleted.
q\bqu\buo\bot\bte\bed\bd-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-q\bq,\b, C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
- Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
+ Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
to insert characters like C\bC-\b-q\bq, for example.
t\bta\bab\bb-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-v\bv T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
Insert a tab character.
s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(a\ba,\b, b\bb,\b, A\bA,\b, 1\b1,\b, !\b!,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
Insert the character typed.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the character before point forward over the character at
- point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
- the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
+ Drag the character before point forward over the character at
+ point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
+ the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
Negative arguments have no effect.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bds\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
- point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
+ Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
+ point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
line, this transposes the last two words on the line.
u\bup\bpc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
+ Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
d\bdo\bow\bwn\bnc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
+ Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
c\bca\bap\bpi\bit\bta\bal\bli\biz\bze\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-c\bc)\b)
Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative ar-
gument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
o\bov\bve\ber\brw\bwr\bri\bit\bte\be-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be
- Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
+ Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive
numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects
- only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
+ only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
to _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b(_\b) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac-
- ters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the text at point rather than
- pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bk-\b-
- w\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character before point with a
+ ters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the text at point rather than
+ pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bk-\b-
+ w\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character before point with a
space. By default, this command is unbound.
K\bKi\bil\bll\bli\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd Y\bYa\ban\bnk\bki\bin\bng\bg
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsc\bca\bar\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
+ Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwh\bho\bol\ble\be-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
+ Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
is.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-d\bd)\b)
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-w\bw)\b)
- Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt
- Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
- character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
+ character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
the kill-ring.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be (\b(M\bM-\b-\\b\)\b)
Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-a\bas\bs-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
+ Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
aries are the same as b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
+ Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
boundaries are the same as f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp (\b(M\bM-\b-y\by)\b)
- Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
+ Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
ing y\bya\ban\bnk\bk or y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp.
N\bNu\bum\bme\ber\bri\bic\bc A\bAr\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-0\b0,\b, M\bM-\b-1\b1,\b, .\b..\b..\b.,\b, M\bM-\b--\b-)\b)
- Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
+ Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
new argument. M-- starts a negative argument.
u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt
- This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
- followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
- sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
+ This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
+ followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
+ sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
lowed by digits, executing u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt again ends the nu-
meric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case, if
this command is immediately followed by a character that is nei-
- ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
- command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
- one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
+ ther a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
+ command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
+ one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen,
and so on.
C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be (\b(T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text
- begins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname
- (if the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases and
+ begins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname
+ (if the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases and
functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename
completion is attempted.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-?\b?)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-*\b*)\b)
- Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
+ Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
been generated by p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
- a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
- execution of m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
- completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
+ Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
+ a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
+ execution of m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
+ completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be) and the original text is restored. An argument of _\bn
moves _\bn positions forward in the list of matches; a negative ar-
gument may be used to move backward through the list. This com-
mand is intended to be bound to T\bTA\bAB\bB, but is unbound by default.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Identical to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
- of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
+ Identical to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
+ of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
negative argument. This command is unbound by default.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br-\b-o\bor\br-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt
- Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
- or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). If at the end of the
+ Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
+ or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). If at the end of the
line, behaves identically to p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs. This command
is unbound by default.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-/\b/)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a filename.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-~\b~)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
username.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx ~\b~)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a username.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be (\b(M\bM-\b-$\b$)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
shell variable.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx $\b$)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a shell variable.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-@\b@)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
hostname.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx @\b@)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a hostname.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-!\b!)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
- command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
- against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
+ against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx !\b!)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a command name.
d\bdy\byn\bna\bam\bmi\bic\bc-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
- against lines from the history list for possible completion
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
+ against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
d\bda\bab\bbb\bbr\bre\bev\bv-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
+ Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
text against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-i\bin\bnt\bto\bo-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bes\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-{\b{)\b)
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com-
- pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
+ pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
shell (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
K\bKe\bey\byb\bbo\boa\bar\brd\bd M\bMa\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx (\b()\b)
- Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
+ Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
macro.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx )\b))\b)
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
and store the definition.
c\bca\bal\bll\bl-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx e\be)\b)
- Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
+ Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b()\b)
- Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
+ Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
M\bMi\bis\bsc\bce\bel\bll\bla\ban\bne\beo\bou\bus\bs
r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
+ Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
bindings or variable assignments found there.
a\bab\bbo\bor\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-g\bg)\b)
- Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
+ Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
(subject to the setting of b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be).
d\bdo\bo-\b-l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\brc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(M\bM-\b-A\bA,\b, M\bM-\b-B\bB,\b, M\bM-\b-_\bx,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
- If the metafied character _\bx is uppercase, run the command that
+ If the metafied character _\bx is uppercase, run the command that
is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character. The
behavior is undefined if _\bx is already lowercase.
p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(E\bES\bSC\bC)\b)
u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-_\b_,\b, C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-r\br)\b)
- Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
- u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
+ Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
+ u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
state.
t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-&\b&)\b)
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-@\b@,\b, M\bM-\b-<\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>)\b)
- Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the mark is set to that position.
e\bex\bxc\bch\bha\ban\bng\bge\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-x\bx)\b)
- Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
- set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
+ Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
+ set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
as the mark.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh (\b(C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of
- that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
+ that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
rences.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
- A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
- rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
+ A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
+ rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
quent occurrences.
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bcs\bsi\bi-\b-s\bse\beq\bqu\bue\ben\bnc\bce\be
- Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
- those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
+ Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
+ those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this
- sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
- have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
- instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
+ sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
+ have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
+ instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-#\b#)\b)
- Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
- m\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
+ Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
+ m\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a
- toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
- match the value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, the value is inserted, other-
+ toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
+ match the value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, the value is inserted, other-
wise the characters in c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn are deleted from the begin-
- ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
- newline had been typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
- causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
- If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re-
+ ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
+ newline had been typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
+ causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
+ If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be re-
moved, the line will be executed by the shell.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-g\bg)\b)
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
- pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is
- used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com-
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
+ pansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is
+ used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible com-
pletions.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx *\b*)\b)
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname ex-
pansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted, replac-
ing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is
appended before pathname expansion.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx g\bg)\b)
- The list of expansions that would have been generated by
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
- numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
+ The list of expansions that would have been generated by
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
+ numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
pathname expansion.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
- Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
+ Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out-
- put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
+ put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to
- the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
- the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+ the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
- Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
+ Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
Display version information about the current instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
- which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
- the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the program-
+ When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
+ which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
+ the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the program-
mable completion facilities are invoked.
- First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
- empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
- any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used. If a
- compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
+ First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
+ empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
+ any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used. If a
+ compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command
- word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
- for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
- is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
- If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
- with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default. If there is no
- default compspec, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts alias expansion on the command word as
- a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word
+ word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
+ for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
+ is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
+ If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
+ with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default. If there is no
+ default compspec, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts alias expansion on the command word as
+ a final resort, and attempts to find a compspec for the command word
from any successful expansion.
- Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
- matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
+ Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
+ matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
tion as described above under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg is performed.
- First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
- which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
- -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
+ First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
+ which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
+ -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
shell variable F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is used to filter the matches.
Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the -\b-G\bG op-
- tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
- match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
+ tion are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
+ match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
used to filter the matches, but the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variable is used.
- Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
- ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
- cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
- then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
- variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
+ Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
+ ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
+ cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
+ then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
described above under E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN. The results are split using the rules
described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg. The results of the expansion are
prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words
become the possible completions.
- After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
- specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
+ After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
+ specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
function is invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY, and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
variables are assigned values as described above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs.
- If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
- variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
- first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose arguments are be-
- ing completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being completed,
- and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word being com-
+ If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
+ variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
+ first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose arguments are be-
+ ing completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being completed,
+ and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word being com-
pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com-
pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or
command has complete freedom in generating the matches.
- Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
- any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
- below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
+ Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
+ any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
+ below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
in the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY array variable, one per array element.
- Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
- ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
- completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
+ Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
+ ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
+ completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
used to escape a newline, if necessary.
- After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
- fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
- tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
- with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
- with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
- Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
+ After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
+ fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
+ tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
+ with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
+ with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
+ Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
A leading !\b! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match-
- ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
- enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
+ ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
+ enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
betic characters.
Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options are
added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned
to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions.
- If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
- -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was de-
+ If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
+ -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was de-
fined, directory name completion is attempted.
- If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
+ If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are
added to the results of the other actions.
- By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
- to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
+ By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
+ to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of
filename completion is disabled. If the -\b-o\bo b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was sup-
- plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
+ plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the -\b-o\bo
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
- readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
+ readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
if attempted, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions) generate no matches.
- When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
- the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
- to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
- the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
+ When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
+ the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
+ to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
+ the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
setting of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable.
- There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
- most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
- fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
- completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
- returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
+ There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
+ most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
+ fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
+ completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
+ returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is
- being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
+ being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an
- attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
- completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
+ attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
+ completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
than being loaded all at once.
- For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
- in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de-
+ For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
+ in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following de-
fault completion function would load completions dynamically:
_completion_loader()
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
- When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
+ When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
provides access to the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by, the list of commands previously
- typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
+ typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
commands to save in a history list. The text of the last H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE com-
- mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
- history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
+ mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
+ history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
+ above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
of the shell variables H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari-
- able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
- of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
- number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
- S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
- less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
- file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
+ able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
+ number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
+ S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
+ less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
+ file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the fol-
lowing history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend-
- ing on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When a shell with
- history enabled exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the
- history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled
- (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the
- lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
- overwritten. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is un-
- writable, the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is
- set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the his-
+ ing on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When a shell with
+ history enabled exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the
+ history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled
+ (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the
+ lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
+ overwritten. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is un-
+ writable, the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is
+ set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the his-
tory comment character, so they may be preserved across shell sessions.
- This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
- other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is
- truncated to contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less
+ This uses the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+ other history lines. After saving the history, the history file is
+ truncated to contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
+ is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less
than zero, the history file is not truncated.
- The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
+ The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
- t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma-
- nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
- commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
+ t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and ma-
+ nipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
+ commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
history list.
- The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+ The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
list. The H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables may be set to cause the
shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell
- option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
- multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
- necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
- causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
+ option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
+ multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
+ necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
+ causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
semicolons. See the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for information on setting and unsetting shell op-
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for information on setting and unsetting shell op-
tions.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
- history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
- are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
+ The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
+ history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
+ are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
shells, and can be disabled using the +\b+H\bH option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). Non-interactive shells do not
perform history expansion by default.
History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input
- stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
+ stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous
commands quickly.
- History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
- read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
- line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac-
- count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which
- line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is
- to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one.
- The line selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
- that line that are acted upon are _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
- able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words
- in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
+ History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
+ read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
+ line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into ac-
+ count. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which
+ line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is
+ to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one.
+ The line selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
+ that line that are acted upon are _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
+ able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words
+ in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
_\bt_\be_\br-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. His-
- tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan-
- sion character, which is !\b! by default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single
- quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history ex-
- pansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes
+ tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan-
+ sion character, which is !\b! by default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single
+ quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history ex-
+ pansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately precedes
the closing double quote in a double-quoted string.
- Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
- lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
- tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
+ Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
+ lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
+ tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
enabled, (\b( will also inhibit expansion.
- Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
- tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell op-
- tion is enabled (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below), and
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
- passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
+ Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
+ tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell op-
+ tion is enabled (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below), and
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
+ passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer for further modification. If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
- history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
- for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
- used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
+ is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
+ history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
+ for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
+ used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to add commands to the end of
- the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
+ the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
available for subsequent recall.
- The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
+ The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
expansion mechanism (see the description of h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
tory timestamps when writing the history file.
E\bEv\bve\ben\bnt\bt D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
- tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
+ An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
+ tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
the current position in the history list.
- !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
- newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
+ !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
+ newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin).
!\b!_\bn Refer to command line _\bn.
!\b!-\b-_\bn Refer to the current command minus _\bn.
!\b!!\b! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'.
!\b!_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
in the history list starting with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg.
!\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b]
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
- in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
- omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a newline. If
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is missing, the string from the most recent search is
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
+ omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a newline. If
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is missing, the string from the most recent search is
used; it is an error if there is no previous search string.
^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^\b^
- Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^''
+ Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^''
(see M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs below).
!\b!#\b# The entire command line typed so far.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
- separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
- omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
- are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
- denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
+ Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
+ separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
+ omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
+ are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
+ denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
rated by single spaces.
0\b0 (\b(z\bze\ber\bro\bo)\b)
The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word.
_\bn The _\bnth word.
^\b^ The first argument. That is, word 1.
- $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex-
+ $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will ex-
pand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line.
- %\b% The first word matched by the most recent `?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?' search, if
- the search string begins with a character that is part of a
+ %\b% The first word matched by the most recent `?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?' search, if
+ the search string begins with a character that is part of a
word.
_\bx-\b-_\by A range of words; `-_\by' abbreviates `0-_\by'.
- *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
- It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
+ *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
+ It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
event; the empty string is returned in that case.
x\bx*\b* Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$.
x\bx-\b- Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$ like x\bx*\b*, but omits the last word. If x\bx is miss-
ing, it defaults to 0.
- If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+ If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs
- After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
+ After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'. These mod-
ify, or edit, the word or words selected from the history event.
e\be Remove all but the trailing suffix.
p\bp Print the new command but do not execute it.
q\bq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
- x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
- b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines. The q\bq and x\bx modifiers are mutually exclu-
+ x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
+ b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines. The q\bq and x\bx modifiers are mutually exclu-
sive; the last one supplied is used.
s\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/
- Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
+ Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
line. Any character may be used as the delimiter in place of /.
- The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ The final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. The delimiter may be quoted in _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw with
a single backslash. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced by _\bo_\bl_\bd.
- A single backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set
- to the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substi-
- tutions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search.
+ A single backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set
+ to the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substi-
+ tutions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search.
If _\bn_\be_\bw is null, each matching _\bo_\bl_\bd is deleted.
&\b& Repeat the previous substitution.
g\bg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
- used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
- If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
- the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
+ If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
+ the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. An a\ba may be used as a synonym for g\bg.
G\bG Apply the following `s\bs' or `&\b&' modifier once to each word in the
event line.
Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section
as accepting options preceded by -\b- accepts -\b--\b- to signify the end of the
options. The :\b:, t\btr\bru\bue\be, f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be, and t\bte\bes\bst\bt/[\b[ builtins do not accept options
- and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
- t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
- with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
- are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
- with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
+ and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
+ t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
+ with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
+ are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
+ with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
tion.
:\b: [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
+ No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
and performing any specified redirections. The return status is
zero.
.\b. _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell en-
- vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
- cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
- filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
+ vironment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
+ cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
+ filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The file searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
- searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
- to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
- searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the posi-
- tional parameters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the po-
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
+ searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
+ to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
+ searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the posi-
+ tional parameters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the po-
sitional parameters are unchanged. If the -\b-T\bT option is enabled,
- s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be inherits any trap on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG; if it is not, any D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap
- string is saved and restored around the call to s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be, and
- s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be unsets the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap while it executes. If -\b-T\bT is not
- set, and the sourced file changes the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the new value
- is retained when s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be completes. The return status is the
- status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no
- commands are executed), and false if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or
+ s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be inherits any trap on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG; if it is not, any D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap
+ string is saved and restored around the call to s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be, and
+ s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be unsets the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap while it executes. If -\b-T\bT is not
+ set, and the sourced file changes the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the new value
+ is retained when s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be completes. The return status is the
+ status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no
+ commands are executed), and false if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or
cannot be read.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs with no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option prints the list of
- aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
- arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
+ aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
+ arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
- plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs re-
- turns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
+ plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs re-
+ turns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
defined.
b\bbg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
+ Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
had been started with &\b&. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's
- notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
- run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
- enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
+ notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
+ run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
+ enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
without job control.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\blp\bps\bsv\bvP\bPS\bSV\bVX\bX]
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] -\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
- sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
+ sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would ap-
- pear in _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be passed as
+ pear in _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be passed as
a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'. Op-
tions, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp
Use _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
bindings. Acceptable _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp names are _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
- _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
- and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
- is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
+ _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
+ and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
+ is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd.
-\b-l\bl List the names of all r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be functions.
- -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
+ -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
way that they can be re-read.
-\b-P\bP List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings.
- -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
+ -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
read.
- -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output.
- -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
+ -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
that they can be re-read.
-\b-V\bV List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values.
-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
Remove any current binding for _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq.
-\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:\b:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is en-
- tered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
- the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
- l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
- current location of the insertion point. If the executed
- command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
- editing state.
+ tered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
+ the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT and R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK
+ variables to the current location of the insertion point
+ and the saved insertion point (the mark), respectively.
+ If the executed command changes the value of any of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK, those new
+ values will be reflected in the editing state.
-\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
associated commands in a format that can be reused as in-
put.
-GNU Bash 5.0 2019 November 26 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash 5.0 2020 January 29 BASH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet.ramey@case.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Tue Nov 26 11:15:17 EST 2019
+.\" Last Change: Wed Jan 29 14:00:16 EST 2020
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2019 November 26" "GNU Bash 5.0"
+.TH BASH 1 "2020 January 29" "GNU Bash 5.0"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
[options]
[command_string | file]
.SH COPYRIGHT
-.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2019 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2019 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.if n Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2020 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.if t Bash is Copyright \(co 1989-2020 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Bash
is an \fBsh\fR-compatible command language interpreter that
.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
below).
.TP
+.B READLINE_MARK
+The position of the mark (saved insertion point) in the
+.B readline
+line buffer, for use with
+.if t \f(CWbind -x\fP
+.if n "bind -x"
+(see
+.SM
+.B "SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS"
+below).
+The characters between the insertion point and the mark are often
+called the \fIregion\fP.
+.TP
.B READLINE_POINT
The position of the insertion point in the
.B readline
variable to the contents of the \fBreadline\fP line buffer and the
.SM
.B READLINE_POINT
-variable to the current location of the insertion point.
-If the executed command changes the value of
+and
.SM
-.B READLINE_LINE
-or
+.B READLINE_MARK
+variables to the current location of the insertion point and the saved
+insertion point (the mark), respectively.
+If the executed command changes the value of any of
+.SM
+.BR READLINE_LINE ,
.SM
.BR READLINE_POINT ,
+or
+.SM
+.BR READLINE_MARK ,
those new values will be reflected in the editing state.
.TP
.B \-X
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2019 November 26<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2020 January 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<H3>COPYRIGHT</H3>
-Bash is Copyright © 1989-2019 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Bash is Copyright © 1989-2020 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
<A NAME="lbAE"> </A>
<H3>DESCRIPTION</H3>
</FONT>
below).
+<DT><B>READLINE_MARK</B>
+
+<DD>
+The position of the mark (saved insertion point) in the
+<B>readline</B>
+
+line buffer, for use with
+<TT>bind -x</TT>
+
+(see
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL BUILTIN COMMANDS</B>
+
+</FONT>
+below).
+The characters between the insertion point and the mark are often
+called the <I>region</I>.
<DT><B>READLINE_POINT</B>
<DD>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE_POINT</B>
</FONT>
-variable to the current location of the insertion point.
-If the executed command changes the value of
-<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE_LINE</B>
+and
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE_MARK</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variables to the current location of the insertion point and the saved
+insertion point (the mark), respectively.
+If the executed command changes the value of any of
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE_LINE</B>,
</FONT>
-or
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE_POINT</B>,
+</FONT>
+or
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>READLINE_MARK</B>,
+
</FONT>
those new values will be reflected in the editing state.
<DT><B>-X</B>
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.0<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2019 November 26<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.0<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2020 January 29<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 06 January 2020 08:53:48 EST
+Time: 29 January 2020 14:04:26 EST
</BODY>
</HTML>
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.0, 26 November 2019).
+Bash shell (version 5.0, 29 January 2020).
- This is Edition 5.0, last updated 26 November 2019, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.0, last updated 29 January 2020, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0.
Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.0, 26 November 2019). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.0, 29 January 2020). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.0, last updated 26 November 2019, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.0, last updated 29 January 2020, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
Cause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed whenever KEYSEQ is entered.
When SHELL-COMMAND is executed, the shell sets the
'READLINE_LINE' variable to the contents of the Readline line
- buffer and the 'READLINE_POINT' variable to the current
- location of the insertion point. If the executed command
- changes the value of 'READLINE_LINE' or 'READLINE_POINT',
- those new values will be reflected in the editing state.
+ buffer and the 'READLINE_POINT' and 'READLINE_MARK' variables
+ to the current location of the insertion point and the saved
+ insertion point (the MARK), respectively. If the executed
+ command changes the value of any of 'READLINE_LINE',
+ 'READLINE_POINT', or 'READLINE_MARK', those new values will be
+ reflected in the editing state.
'-X'
List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use with 'bind -x'
(*note Bash Builtins::).
+'READLINE_MARK'
+ The position of the MARK (saved insertion point) in the Readline
+ line buffer, for use with 'bind -x' (*note Bash Builtins::). The
+ characters between the insertion point and the mark are often
+ called the REGION.
+
'READLINE_POINT'
The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer,
for use with 'bind -x' (*note Bash Builtins::).
* bind: Bash Builtins. (line 21)
* break: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 36)
-* builtin: Bash Builtins. (line 102)
-* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 111)
+* builtin: Bash Builtins. (line 104)
+* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 113)
* cd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 44)
-* command: Bash Builtins. (line 128)
+* command: Bash Builtins. (line 130)
* compgen: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 12)
* complete: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 237)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 85)
-* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 148)
+* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 150)
* dirs: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 7)
* disown: Job Control Builtins.
(line 97)
-* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 246)
-* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 295)
+* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 248)
+* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 297)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 94)
* exec: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 143)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 187)
-* help: Bash Builtins. (line 324)
+* help: Bash Builtins. (line 326)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 40)
* jobs: Job Control Builtins.
(line 27)
* kill: Job Control Builtins.
(line 58)
-* let: Bash Builtins. (line 343)
-* local: Bash Builtins. (line 351)
-* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 365)
-* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 370)
+* let: Bash Builtins. (line 345)
+* local: Bash Builtins. (line 353)
+* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 367)
+* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 372)
* popd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 35)
-* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 416)
+* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 418)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 53)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 207)
-* read: Bash Builtins. (line 460)
-* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 554)
+* read: Bash Builtins. (line 462)
+* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 556)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 217)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 257)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 563)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 565)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 109)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 349)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 355)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 568)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 600)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 606)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 570)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 602)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 608)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 404)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 705)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 707)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 422)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 598)
* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 601)
* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 607)
-* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 611)
-* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 615)
+* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 611)
+* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 617)
+* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 621)
* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 272)
-* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 618)
-* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 625)
-* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 630)
-* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 639)
+* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 624)
+* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 631)
+* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 636)
+* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 645)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 278)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 293)
* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 299)
-* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 644)
+* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 650)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11)
-* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 653)
-* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 691)
-* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 703)
-* UID: Bash Variables. (line 707)
+* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 659)
+* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 697)
+* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 709)
+* UID: Bash Variables. (line 713)
* vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 312)
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\1f
Tag Table:
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-Node: Introduction\7f2817
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-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f483859
-Node: Variable Index\7f486307
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+Node: Top\7f895
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+-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E 1.465(and determines the beha)144 408 R 1.465
(vior of range e)-.2 F 1.464(xpressions, equi)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
1.464(lence classes, and collating sequences).25 F(within pathname e)144
-360 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 372 Q F0
-1.935(This v)144 384 R 1.936
+420 Q(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_CTYPE)108 432 Q F0
+1.935(This v)144 444 R 1.936
(ariable determines the interpretation of characters and the beha)-.25 F
-1.936(vior of character classes)-.2 F(within pathname e)144 396 Q
-(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 408 Q(GES)-.55 E
-F0(This v)144 420 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\
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+(xpansion and pattern matching.)-.15 E F1(LC_MESSA)108 468 Q(GES)-.55 E
+F0(This v)144 480 Q(ariable determines the locale used to translate dou\
ble-quoted strings preceded by a)-.25 E F1($)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(LC_NUMERIC)
-108 432 Q F0(This v)144 444 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E
-(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 456 Q F0(This v)
-144 468 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E
-(gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 480 Q F0
-.055(Used by the)144 480 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\
+108 492 Q F0(This v)144 504 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E
+(gory used for number formatting.)-.15 E F1(LC_TIME)108 516 Q F0(This v)
+144 528 Q(ariable determines the locale cate)-.25 E
+(gory used for data and time formatting.)-.15 E F1(LINES)108 540 Q F0
+.055(Used by the)144 540 R F1(select)2.555 E F0 .054(compound command t\
o determine the column length for printing selection lists.)2.555 F .264
-(Automatically set if the)144 492 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264
+(Automatically set if the)144 552 R F1(checkwinsize)2.764 E F0 .264
(option is enabled or in an interacti)2.764 F .565 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .265
-(hell upon receipt of a).15 F F3(SIGWINCH)144 504 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0
-SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 516 Q F0 .422
-(If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 516
+(hell upon receipt of a).15 F F3(SIGWINCH)144 564 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0
+SF(.)A F1(MAIL)108 576 Q F0 .422
+(If this parameter is set to a \214le or directory name and the)144 576
R F3(MAILP)2.921 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 -.25(va)2.671 G .421
(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)2.921 E F0(in-)2.921 E
-(forms the user of the arri)144 528 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5
+(forms the user of the arri)144 588 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5
(fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E
-(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 540 Q F0 .098
-(Speci\214es ho)144 552 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\))
+(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 600 Q F0 .098
+(Speci\214es ho)144 612 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\))
-2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def)
5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224
(to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\
-mpt.)144 564 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F
-(or set to a v)144 576 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\
-l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 588 Q
--.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 600 S .49
+mpt.)144 624 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F
+(or set to a v)144 636 Q(alue that is not a number greater than or equa\
+l to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 E F1(MAILP)108 648 Q
+-.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 660 S .49
(olon-separated list of \214lenames to be check)-2.99 F .49
(ed for mail.)-.1 F .49(The message to be printed when mail)5.49 F(arri)
-144 612 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \
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\214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214lename from the message\
- with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 624 Q(xt of the message,)
+ with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 684 Q(xt of the message,)
-.15 E F1($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1
-(MAILP)144 636 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y)
+(MAILP)144 696 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y)
-.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
-(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 648 Q F0 .015
+(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 708 Q F0 .015
(can be con\214gured to supply a def)2.515 F .015(ault v)-.1 F .015
(alue for this v)-.25 F .015(ariable \(there is no v)-.25 F .015
(alue by def)-.25 F .015(ault\), b)-.1 F(ut)-.2 E(the location of the u\
-ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 660 Q
-(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 672 Q F0 .39
-(If set to the v)144 684 R .39(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .389
-(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.889 E F0
--.2(bu)2.889 G .389(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 .359(SHELL B)144 696 R
-(UIL)-.09 E .359(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.609 E(w\).)-.25 E F3
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-2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 708 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E(17)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 720 Q
+(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
+(2020 January 29)141.79 E(17)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
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-SF -.74(PA)108 84 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588(The search path for commands.)144
-84 R .587
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+(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
+(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 120 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.)
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+(The search path for commands.)144 132 R .587
(It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks)
-5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 96 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .471
-(COMMAND EXECUTION)2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472
-(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 108 S
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+(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 156 S
.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535
(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535
(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent)
--3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 120 R .868
+-3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 168 R .868
(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the)
--.1 F(administrator who installs)144 132 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C
+-.1 F(administrator who installs)144 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C
(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF
(/usr/local/bin:/usr/lo-)2.5 E(cal/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)
-144 144 Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 156 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)
-144 168 R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1
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+144 216 R .471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1
(bash)2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF .472(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972
-F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 180 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E
+F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 228 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E
F0(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F
-.011(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 192 Q F1(bash)
+.011(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 240 Q F1(bash)
4.497 E F0(enables)4.497 E F4 1.997(posix mode)4.497 F F0 4.497(,a)C
4.497(si)-4.497 G 4.497(ft)-4.497 G 1.997(he command)-4.497 F F3 1.997
(set -o posix)4.497 F F0 1.998(had been e)4.497 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.)
-.15 E(When the shell enters)144 204 Q F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C
+.15 E(When the shell enters)144 252 Q F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,i)C
2.5(ts)-2.5 G(ets this v)-2.5 E(ariable if it w)-.25 E
-(as not already set.)-.1 E F1(PR)108 216 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0
-(If set, the v)144 228 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(as not already set.)-.1 E F1(PR)108 264 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0
+(If set, the v)144 276 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR)
-108 240 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676
-(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 252 R .676
+108 288 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676
+(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 300 R .676
(alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923
-(nents to retain when e)144 264 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423
+(nents to retain when e)144 312 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423
E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see)
3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E
-(Characters remo)144 276 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
-(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 288 Q F0 1.174(The v)
-144 288 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see)
+(Characters remo)144 324 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
+(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 336 Q F0 1.174(The v)
+144 336 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see)
-.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174
(w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 300 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 312 Q F0 .064(The v)144 312 R
+(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 348 Q
+-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 360 Q F0 .064(The v)144 360 R
.065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR)
2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065
-(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 324 R
+(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 372 R
(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0
--.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 336 Q F0 .118(The v)144 336 R .118
+-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 384 Q F0 .118(The v)144 384 R .118
(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)
2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The)
-5.117 E(def)144 348 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G
-(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 360 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 360 R 1.115
+5.117 E(def)144 396 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G
+(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 408 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 408 R 1.115
(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select)
3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR)
-144 372 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 384 Q F0
-.101(The v)144 384 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101
+144 420 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 432 Q F0
+.101(The v)144 432 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101
(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1
-(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 396 Q F0 .334
+(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 444 Q F0 .334
(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F
.335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335
(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F
-(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 408 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5
+(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 456 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5
G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E
(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1
-(SHELL)108 420 Q F0 .543(This v)144 432 R .543(ariable e)-.25 F .543
+(SHELL)108 468 Q F0 .543(This v)144 480 R .543(ariable e)-.25 F .543
(xpands to the full pathname to the shell.)-.15 F .542
(If it is not set when the shell starts,)5.543 F F1(bash)3.042 E F0
-(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 444 Q 2.5(sl)
--.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 456 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)
-144 468 R .826
+(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')144 492 Q 2.5(sl)
+-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 504 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)
+144 516 R .826
(alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F
3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649
-(pipelines pre\214x)144 480 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0
+(pipelines pre\214x)144 528 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0
(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711
-(an escape sequence that is e)144 492 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
+(an escape sequence that is e)144 540 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F
-(and their meanings are as follo)144 504 Q
-(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 522 Q F0 2.5
-(Al)194 522 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 534 Q F4(p)A F1
-(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 534 Q F1(%[)144 546 Q F4(p)
-A F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 546 Q
-F1(%[)144 558 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0
-(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 558 Q F1(%P)144 570
-Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 570 Q .87
-(The optional)144 586.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
+(and their meanings are as follo)144 552 Q
+(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 570 Q F0 2.5
+(Al)194 570 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 582 Q F4(p)A F1
+(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194 582 Q F1(%[)144 594 Q F4(p)
+A F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 594 Q
+F1(%[)144 606 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0
+(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194 606 Q F1(%P)144 618
+Q F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 618 Q .87
+(The optional)144 634.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87
(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A)
-144 598.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025
+144 646.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025
(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026
(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538
-(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 610.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F4
+(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 658.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F4
(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E
-F4(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 622.8 Q
-(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 639.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0
+F4(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 670.8 Q
+(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 687.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0
.668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F
F4(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F4(SS)A F0(.)A F4(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va)
-3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 651.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0
+3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 699.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0
(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365
-(If this v)144 668.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865
+(If this v)144 716.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865
E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)
-144 680.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113
-(.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113
-(alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144
-692.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E
-(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108
-704.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 716.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,)
--.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941
-(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441
-G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 728.4 Q F1(select)4.479 E F0 1.979
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-H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)4.479 E F0 1.98(seconds when input is)4.229 F
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
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-(coming from a terminal.)144 84 R .507(In an interacti)5.507 F .807 -.15
-(ve s)-.25 H .507(hell, the v).15 F .507
-(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds)-.25 F .383(to w)144 96 R
-.383(ait for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.)-.1 F/F1
-10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.384 E F0 .384(terminates after w)2.884 F .384
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-(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 108 Q
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--.15 F F2(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F2(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F2 .228
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+(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759
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(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.727 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.727
-(\). ${#).15 F F1(name)A F0([)A F1(subscript)A F0(]})A -.15(ex)108 192 S
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3.386 E F2(@)3.386 E F0 3.386(,t)C .886(he e)-3.386 F .886
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2.794(da).15 G .294(rray e)-2.794 F -.25(va)-.25 G .294
(luates to a number).25 F .628
-(less than zero, it is interpreted as relati)108 216 R .928 -.15(ve t)
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3.129(xo)-.15 G 3.129(ft)-3.129 G .629(he array)-3.129 F 3.129(,s)-.65 G
3.129(on)-3.129 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-3.129 H(ti).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(indices count back from the end of the array)108 228 Q 2.5(,a)-.65 G
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(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
(eferences the last element.)-2.5 E .595(Referencing an array v)108
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E(alid subscript is le)-.25 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(l, and).05 E F2(bash)2.5 E
-F0(will create an array if necessary)2.5 E(.)-.65 E(An array v)108 273.6
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Q(ariable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a v)-.25 E
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.15 G .418(indices\) of an array as well as the v)-2.918 F 2.918
(alues. ${)-.25 F F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .418(]} and ${)B F2
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(pand to the indices assigned in array v).15 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(name)
3.249 E F0 5.749(.T)C .749
(he treatment when in double quotes is similar to)-5.749 F(the e)108
-314.4 Q(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15 E F1(@)2.5 E F0(and)2.5
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-2.766 E F0 -.2(bu)2.766 G .267(iltin is used to destro).2 F 2.767(ya)-.1
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--.15 E F1(sub-)2.767 E(script)108 343.2 Q F0 2.858(,f)C .358
-(or both inde)-2.858 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.858(da).15 G .358(nd associati)
--2.858 F .658 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.858(rrays. Ne).15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti)
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(ariable name with a subscript as an ar)-.25 F .028
(gument to a command, such as with)-.18 F F2(unset)2.528 E F0 2.528(,w)C
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-(xpansion syntax described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.437(,t).15 G .937
-(he ar)-3.437 F .938(gument is subject to pathname e)-.18 F 3.438
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.438 E(name e)108 408 Q
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+(xpansion. If)-.15 F(path-)3.438 E(name e)108 448.8 Q
(xpansion is not desired, the ar)-.15 E(gument should be quoted.)-.18 E
-(The)108 424.8 Q F2(declar)2.684 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)2.684 E F0
+(The)108 465.6 Q F2(declar)2.684 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)2.684 E F0
2.684(,a)C(nd)-2.684 E F2 -.18(re)2.684 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G
.184(iltins each accept a).2 F F2<ad61>2.684 E F0 .184
(option to specify an inde)2.684 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.683(da).15 G .183
(rray and a)-2.683 F F2<ad41>2.683 E F0(op-)2.683 E .041
-(tion to specify an associati)108 436.8 R .341 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15
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E 5.041(.I)-.65 G 2.541(fb)-5.041 G .041(oth options are supplied,)
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5.041 E F2 -.18(re)2.542 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.542 G .042(iltin ac-).2
-F .864(cepts a)108 4
48.8 R F2<ad61>3.364 E F0 .864
+F .864(cepts a)108 4
89.6 R F2<ad61>3.364 E F0 .864
(option to assign a list of w)3.364 F .864
(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.863(.T)-.65 G(he)
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-(bu)108 460.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E
+(bu)108 501.6 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E
(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F4 10.95
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+/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 518.4 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\
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-(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 501.6 S .201(pansion performed:).15 F F1
+(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 542.4 S .201(pansion performed:).15 F F1
(br)2.971 E .201(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .201(tilde e)
2.831 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)3.951 E .201
(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .2
-(command sub-)2.901 F(stitution)108 513.6 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e)
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2.83 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.84 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)
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-(.).24 E .418(The order of e)108 530.4 R .418(xpansions is: brace e)-.15
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F .418(xpansion; tilde e)-.15 F .419(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F
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S .196(pansion, and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f).15
F .195(ashion\); w)-.1 F .195(ord splitting; and pathname e)-.1 F(xpan-)
--.15 E(sion.)108 554.4 Q .257
-(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 571.2 R
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+(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 612 R .257
+(xpansion a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.757 E .257
(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 5.257(.T)C .257(his is per)-5.257 F(-)-.2
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(ariable, and arithmetic e)-2.75 E(xpansion and command substitution.)
--.15 E .003(After these e)108 600 R .003
+-.15 E .003(After these e)108 640.8 R .003
(xpansions are performed, quote characters present in the original w)
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-(nless the)-2.502 F(y)-.15 E(ha)108 612 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
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(een quoted themselv).15 E(es \()-.15 E F1(quote r)A(emo)-.37 E(val)-.1
-E F0(\).)A .171(Only brace e)108 628.8 R .171(xpansion, w)-.15 F .171
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--.15 F(x-)-.15 E .695(pansions of ")108 652.8 R F2($@)A F0 3.195("a)C
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-(is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F
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+(that both)108 273.6 R F2(x)2.745 E F0(and)2.745 E F2(y)2.745 E F0 .245
(must be of the same type.)2.745 F .244
(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.245 F .244
-(ference be-)-.25 F(tween each term.)108 225.6 Q(The def)5 E
+(ference be-)-.25 F(tween each term.)108 285.6 Q(The def)5 E
(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108
-242.4 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581
+302.4 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581
(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582
(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016
-(are preserv)108 254.4 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
+(are preserv)108 314.4 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015
(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015
-(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 266.4 Q
+(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 326.4 Q
(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)
--.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 283.2 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(\
+-.15 E 2.501(Ac)108 343.2 S .001(orrectly-formed brace e)-2.501 F .001(\
xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\
- one un-)-.15 F .458(quoted comma or a v)108 295.2 R .458
+ one un-)-.15 F .458(quoted comma or a v)108 355.2 R .458
(alid sequence e)-.25 F 2.958(xpression. An)-.15 F 2.958(yi)-.15 G .458
(ncorrectly formed brace e)-2.958 F .457(xpansion is left unchanged.)
--.15 F(A)108 307.2 Q F1({)2.521 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(,)2.521 E F0 .021
+-.15 F(A)108 367.2 Q F1({)2.521 E F0(or)2.521 E F1(,)2.521 E F0 .021
(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.521 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F 2.522(xpression. T)-.15
F 2.522(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-2.722 G(id).2 E .172
-(con\215icts with parameter e)108 319.2 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15
+(con\215icts with parameter e)108 379.2 R .172(xpansion, the string)-.15
F F1(${)2.672 E F0 .172(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.672 F
-.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 331.2 Q
+.172(xpansion, and inhibits)-.15 F(brace e)108 391.2 Q
(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\
ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\
-gs to be generated is)108 348 R(longer than in the abo)108 360 Q .3 -.15
-(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 376.8 Q
--.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 388.8 Q(cho)144 400.8 Q
+gs to be generated is)108 408 R(longer than in the abo)108 420 Q .3 -.15
+(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 436.8 Q
+-.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 448.8 Q(cho)144 460.8 Q
(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)
--.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 417.6 R .618
+-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 477.6 R .618
(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
-(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 429.6 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
+(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 489.6 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
-(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 441.6 Q -.15
+(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 501.6 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03
(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh)
-3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 453.6 Q F0 .514
+3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 513.6 Q F0 .514
(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515
(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e)
3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437
-(If strict compatibility with)108 465.6 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
+(If strict compatibility with)108 525.6 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1
(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436
-(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 477.6 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
+(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 537.6 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)
-87 494.4 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 506.4 R 1.086(ord be)
+87 554.4 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 566.4 R 1.086(ord be)
-.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0
1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\
slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\
-ed a)108 518.4 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685
+ed a)108 578.4 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685
(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\
-\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 530.4 R
-.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 542.4 Q
+\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 590.4 R
+.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 602.4 Q
.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 554.4 Q/F4
+-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 614.4 Q/F4
9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287
(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287
(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\
ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \
-with the speci\214ed login name.)108 566.4 Q .093
-(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 583.2 R .092
+with the speci\214ed login name.)108 626.4 Q .093
+(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 643.2 R .092
(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092
(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
-5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 595.2 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903
+5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 655.2 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903
(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0
.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo)
5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F .88
-(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 607.2 R F2(N)3.38 E
+(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 667.2 R F2(N)3.38 E
F0 3.38(,o)C .88(ptionally pre\214x)-3.38 F .879
(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is re-)-.15 F .138(placed \
with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108
-619.2 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)2.639 E F0 -.2(bu)
-2.639 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 631.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.839(dw).1 G
+679.2 R .138(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)2.639 E F0 -.2(bu)
+2.639 G(iltin).2 E(in)108 691.2 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.839(dw).1 G
.338(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.839 F 2.838(gument. If)-.18 F
.338(the characters follo)2.838 F .338
(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist)-.25 F
-(of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)108 643.2
-Q(If the login name is in)108 660 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e)
-.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166
-(Each v)108 676.8 R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167
-(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F
-.167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)
-2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E .468(these cases, tilde e)108 688.8 R
-.468(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)
--.65 G .467(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F
-(ments to)108 700.8 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25
-E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)
--.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)
--.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .023(Bash also performs tilde e)108 717.6 R .023
-(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F
-.024(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 729.6 Q .77 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F4(\))A F0
-.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469
-(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E
-(21)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)108 703.2
+Q(If the login name is in)108 720 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid, or the tilde e)
+.25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E
+(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(21)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S
-(cept for the).15 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(declar)2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0
-(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w).15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F1
-(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(Pa)87 100.8 S
-(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 .199(The `)108 112.8 R F2($)A F0 2.699('c)C
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .166(Each v)108 84
+R .167(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167
+(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F
+.167(wing a)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(:)2.667 E F0 .167
+(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E .468
+(these cases, tilde e)108 96 R .468(xpansion is also performed.)-.15 F
+(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467
+(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 108
+Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
+(,)A F2(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2
+(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0
+(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E .023
+(Bash also performs tilde e)108 124.8 R .023(xpansion on w)-.15 F .024
+(ords satisfying the conditions of v)-.1 F .024
+(ariable assignments \(as described)-.25 F(abo)108 136.8 Q .77 -.15
+(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.666(PA)2.97 G(RAMETERS).666 E F3(\))A F0
+.47(when the)2.72 F 2.969(ya)-.15 G .469(ppear as ar)-2.969 F .469
+(guments to simple commands.)-.18 F .469(Bash does not do this,)5.469 F
+-.15(ex)108 148.8 S(cept for the).15 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(declar)
+2.5 E(ation)-.15 E F0(commands listed abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(,w)
+.15 G(hen in)-2.5 E F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(Pa)87 165.6 S
+(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 .199(The `)108 177.6 R F1($)A F0 2.699('c)C
.199(haracter introduces parameter e)-2.699 F .199
(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.7
(xpansion. The)-.15 F(pa-)2.7 E .314(rameter name or symbol to be e)108
-124.8 R .314(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)
+189.6 R .314(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)
-.15 F .314(ut serv)-.2 F 2.813(et)-.15 G 2.813(op)-2.813 G(rotect)
--2.813 E .414(the v)108 136.8 R .414(ariable to be e)-.25 F .414
+-2.813 E .414(the v)108 201.6 R .414(ariable to be e)-.25 F .414
(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .415
(wing it which could be interpreted as part of)-.25 F(the name.)108
-148.8 Q 1.19
+213.6 Q 1.19
(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108
-165.6 R F2(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189
+230.4 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189
(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F .821
-(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 177.6 R .822
+(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 242.4 R .822
(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter e)-.15 F(x-)-.15 E
-(pansion.)108 189.6 Q(${)108 206.4 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A .106
-(The v)144 218.4 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
+(pansion.)108 254.4 Q(${)108 271.2 Q F4(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A .106
+(The v)144 283.2 R .106(alue of)-.25 F F4(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
.106(is substituted.)2.606 F .106(The braces are required when)5.106 F
-F1(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .11
-(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 230.4 R F1(par)3.86 E
+F4(par)3.856 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .106(is a positional pa-)3.336 F .11
+(rameter with more than one digit, or when)144 295.2 R F4(par)3.86 E
(ameter)-.15 E F0 .111(is follo)3.341 F .111
(wed by a character which is not to be)-.25 F .208
-(interpreted as part of its name.)144 242.4 R(The)5.208 E F1(par)2.708 E
+(interpreted as part of its name.)144 307.2 R(The)5.208 E F4(par)2.708 E
(ameter)-.15 E F0 .208(is a shell parameter as described abo)2.708 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G F2 -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS)144 254.4 Q F0 2.5
-(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F2(Arrays)A
-F0(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 271.2 R F1(par)2.846 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)2.858 G(RAME-).74 E(TERS)144 319.2 Q F0 2.5
+(\)o)C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A
+F0(\).)A .346(If the \214rst character of)108 336 R F4(par)2.846 E
(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F
-F2(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F1(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a)
-2.846 F F1(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G
-(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 283.2 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.907 H 2.907
-(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F2(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406
+F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F4(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a)
+2.846 F F4(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.847(,i)C 2.847(ti)-2.847 G
+(ntroduces)-2.847 E 2.907(al)108 348 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.907 H 2.907
+(lo).25 G 2.906(fi)-2.907 G(ndirection.)-2.906 E F1(Bash)5.406 E F0 .406
(uses the v)2.906 F .406(alue formed by e)-.25 F .406
-(xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F1(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406
-(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F1(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 295.2 Q
-F0 2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F
+(xpanding the rest of)-.15 F F4(par)2.906 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .406
+(as the ne)2.906 F(w)-.25 E F4(par)2.906 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)108 360 Q F0
+2.578(;t)C .078(his is then e)-2.578 F .078(xpanded and that v)-.15 F
.079(alue is used in the rest of the e)-.25 F .079
(xpansion, rather than the e)-.15 F .079(xpansion of the)-.15 F
-(original)108 307.2 Q F1(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043
-(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F1(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37
+(original)108 372 Q F4(par)2.543 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043
+(his is kno)-5.043 F .043(wn as)-.25 F F4(indir)2.543 E .043(ect e)-.37
F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 5.043(.T)C .043(he v)-5.043 F .042
(alue is subject to tilde e)-.25 F .042(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F -.15
-(ex)108 319.2 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15
-F 2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F1(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .249
+(ex)108 384 S .248(pansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e).15 F
+2.748(xpansion. If)-.15 F F4(par)2.749 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .249
(is a nameref, this e)2.749 F .249(xpands to the)-.15 F 1.51
-(name of the parameter referenced by)108 331.2 R F1(par)4.01 E(ameter)
--.15 E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F
-(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 343.2 R .387
-(xceptions to this are the e)-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F2(!)A
-F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F2(!)A F1
-(name)A F0([)A F1(@)A F0 .387(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H
-.388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15 E(tion point must immediately follo)108
-355.2 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)
--2.5 E .334(In each of the cases belo)108 372 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F1(wor)
-3.484 E(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334
-(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15
-F(and arithmetic e)108 384 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .066
-(When not performing substring e)108 400.8 R .067
-(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 2.567(w\()-.25 G
-(e.g.,)-2.567 E F2(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F2(bash)2.567 E F0 .067
-(tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 412.8 Q(Omi\
+(name of the parameter referenced by)108 396 R F4(par)4.01 E(ameter)-.15
+E F0 1.51(instead of performing the complete indirect e)4.01 F
+(xpansion.)-.15 E .387(The e)108 408 R .387(xceptions to this are the e)
+-.15 F .387(xpansions of ${)-.15 F F1(!)A F4(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E F1(*)A
+F0 2.887(}a)C .387(nd ${)-2.887 F F1(!)A F4(name)A F0([)A F4(@)A F0 .387
+(]} described belo)B 4.188 -.65(w. T)-.25 H .388(he e).65 F(xclama-)-.15
+E(tion point must immediately follo)108 420 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G
+(he left brace in order to introduce indirection.)-2.5 E .334
+(In each of the cases belo)108 436.8 R -.65(w,)-.25 G F4(wor)3.484 E(d)
+-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334(xpansion, parameter e)
+-.15 F .334(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F(and arithmetic e)108
+448.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .066(When not performing substring e)108 465.6
+R .067(xpansion, using the forms documented belo)-.15 F 2.567(w\()-.25 G
+(e.g.,)-2.567 E F1(:-)2.567 E F0(\),)A F1(bash)2.567 E F0 .067
+(tests for a pa-)2.567 F(rameter that is unset or null.)108 477.6 Q(Omi\
tting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.)5
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(ga)-.15 G .492(rd to the case of alpha-).05 F .884(betic characters.)
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F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he substitution operation is applied to each member \
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F0 .374(is e)2.874 F .374
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-(ve)144 393.6 S 2.823(rted. The).15 F .323
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(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.823 F
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--.15(ve)-.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 405.6 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25
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(ex)3.59 G 1.09(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.091
(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.091(xpanded v)-.15 F
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.339(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional parameter i\
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-(sultant list.)144 465.6 R(If)5.25 E F2(par)4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .25
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(he case modi\214cation oper)-2.749 F(-)-.2 E
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-(ameter)-.15 E F1(@)A F2(oper)A(ator)-.15 E F0(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 506.4 S
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G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1
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-(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 271.2 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H
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5.308(.P)C .308(rocess substitution is supported on systems that sup-)
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(re retained and passed to commands as empty strings.)-3.282 F .783
-(Unquoted im-)5.783 F .179(plicit null ar)108 96 R .179
+(Unquoted im-)5.783 F .179(plicit null ar)108 196.8 R .179
(guments, resulting from the e)-.18 F .179
(xpansion of parameters that ha)-.15 F .479 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.679(ov).15
G .179(alues, are remo)-2.929 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.678(d. If).15 F 2.678
-(ap)2.678 G(a-)-2.678 E .318(rameter with no v)108 108 R .319(alue is e)
--.25 F .319(xpanded within double quotes, a null ar)-.15 F .319
-(gument results and is retained and passed)-.18 F .001
-(to a command as an empty string.)108 120 R .001(When a quoted null ar)
-5.001 F(gument appears as part of a w)-.18 E(ord whose e)-.1 E(xpansion)
--.15 E .983(is non-null, the null ar)108 132 R .983(gument is remo)-.18
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-177.6 S(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 189.6 R .371
-(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F1<ad66>2.871 E F0 .371
-(option has been set,)2.871 F F1(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F
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(nullglob)3.034 E F0 .534(is not enabled, the w)3.034 F .534
-(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F(If)5.535 E(the)108 237.6 Q F1(nullglob)
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3.285 E F0 .785(option is set, and no matches are found, the w)3.285 F
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-(When a pattern is used for pathname e)108 273.6 R .039
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-(caping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 516 R .418
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-(The special pattern characters ha)108 544.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 561.6 Q F0 .377
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-F F1([:)3.07 E F2(class)A F1(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F2(class)
-3.07 E F0(is one of the follo)180 96 Q
-(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.889
-(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 108 R 5.889
-(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 120 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0
-4.29(Ac)180 132 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15
+180 180 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F
+(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 192 Q -.4(Wi)180
+210 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F2 -.15
+(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571
+(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F2(class)A F1
+(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F2(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo)
+180 222 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 5.889
+(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 234 R 5.889
+(wer print punct space up-)-.1 F 5(per w)180 246 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0
+4.29(Ac)180 258 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15
G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1 -.1
(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E
-(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 144 Q -.4(Wi)
-180 162 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536
+(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 270 Q -.4(Wi)
+180 288 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536
(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F2 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037
(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F2(c)A F1(=])
A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
- collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 174 R
-(the character)180 186 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 204 S(thin).4 E F1
+ collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 300 R
+(the character)180 312 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 330 S(thin).4 E F1
([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5
E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2(symbol)
-2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 220.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705
+2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 346.8 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705
(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705
(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108
-232.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2
+358.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2
(pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255
(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E
F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)
-108 244.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 268.8 Q F2
+108 370.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 394.8 Q F2
(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0
-(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 292.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
-(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 304.8 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 316.8 Q F2
+(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 406.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 418.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
+(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 430.8 Q
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 442.8 Q F2
(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0
-(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 328.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 340.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
-(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 352.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np)
-.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 364.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\))
-.833 E F0(Matches an)180 376.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)
+(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 454.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
+2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 466.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
+(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 478.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np)
+.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 490.8 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\))
+.833 E F0(Matches an)180 502.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)
-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108
-393.6 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968
+519.6 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968
(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969
(specially when the patterns contain).65 F .091
-(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 405.6 R .091
+(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 531.6 R .091
(Using separate matches ag)5.091 F .09(ainst shorter strings, or us-)
-.05 F(ing arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)
-108 417.6 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 434.4 Q -.1(va)-.1 G
-(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 446.4 R 1.112
+108 543.6 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 560.4 Q -.1(va)-.1 G
+(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 572.4 R 1.112
(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\)
3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0
-1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 458.4 Q .3
--.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3
-10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 475.2 Q F0 .545
-(Before a command is e)108 487.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
+1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 584.4 Q .3
+-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F4
+10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 601.2 Q F0 .545
+(Before a command is e)108 613.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E
(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405
-(by the shell.)108 499.2 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\
+(by the shell.)108 625.2 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\
ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)
--.25 F(dif)108 511.2 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \
+-.25 F(dif)108 637.2 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \
the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019
(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215
-(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 523.2 R -.15
+(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 649.2 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E
.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .862(may precede or appear an)108
-535.2 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .862(simple command)3.702 F F0
+661.2 R .862(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .862(simple command)3.702 F F0
.862(or may follo)4.132 F 3.362(wa)-.25 G F2(command).2 E F0 5.862(.R)
-.77 G .862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 547.2
+.77 G .862(edirections are)-5.862 F(processed in the order the)108 673.2
Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771
(Each redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number ma\
-y instead be preceded by a w)108 564 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293
-(the form {)108 576 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293
+y instead be preceded by a w)108 690 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293
+(the form {)108 702 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293
(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293
-(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 588 S
+(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 714 S
.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179 F
F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679
-(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 600 Q F0
+(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 726 Q F0
.6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599
(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2
(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599
-(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 612 R 1.238
-(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238
+(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
+(2020 January 29)141.79 E(27)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
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+108 84 R 1.238(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238
(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F
-(himself.)108 624 Q .284(In the follo)108 640.8 R .283(wing description\
-s, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst characte\
-r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 652.8 R F1(<)3.012 E
-F0 3.012(,t)C .512
+(himself.)108 96 Q .284(In the follo)108 112.8 R .283(wing descriptions\
+, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst character\
+ of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 124.8 R/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512
(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
-3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F
-(redirection operator is)108 664.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
+(redirection operator is)108 136.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
--2.5 E .825(The w)108 681.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
+-2.5 E .825(The w)108 153.6 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824
(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462
-(jected to brace e)108 693.6 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463
+(jected to brace e)108 165.6 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463
(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463
-(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 705.6 R
+(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 177.6 R
.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F
.867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867
-F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 717.6 S(rd,).1 E F1
-(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E(27)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
-(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 84 Q -.15(Fo)
-5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 100.8 Q/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A
-(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 117.6
-Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G
-(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 134.4 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0
-(dirlist)2.5 E .505(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 151.2
+F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 189.6 S(rd,).1 E F1
+(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E
+(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 206.4 Q -.15
+(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 223.2 Q F1(>)2.5
+E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A
+(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 240 Q
+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.85 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G
+(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 256.8 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0
+(dirlist)2.5 E .505(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 273.6
R F2(dirlist)3.355 E F0 3.005(,b).68 G .505(ecause the standard error w)
-3.005 F .505(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F
-(output before the standard output w)108 163.2 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E
-F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 180 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
--.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
-(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 192 R .977
+(output before the standard output w)108 285.6 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E
+F2(dirlist)2.85 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 302.4 Q F0 .599(handles se)
+3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F
+3.099(ya)-.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)
+-3.099 F(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 314.4 R .977
(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978
(is running pro)3.478 F .978
(vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F
-(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 204 Q
-(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 220.8 Q(v/fd/)-.15
-E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 232.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E
+(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 326.4 Q
+(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 343.2 Q(v/fd/)-.15
+E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 355.2 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E
(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 244.8 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0
-(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 256.8 Q F1(/de)144 268.8 Q
-(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 280.8 Q F1(/de)
-144 292.8 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180
-304.8 Q F1(/de)144 316.8 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0
-(If)180 328.8 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
+(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 367.2 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0
+(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 379.2 Q F1(/de)144 391.2 Q
+(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 403.2 Q F1(/de)
+144 415.2 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180
+427.2 Q F1(/de)144 439.2 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0
+(If)180 451.2 Q F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496
(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 340.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(vice name,)180 463.2 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144
-352.8 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 364.8 Q F2
+475.2 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 487.2 Q F2
(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497
(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 376.8 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(vice name,)180 499.2 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108
-393.6 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)
--2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\
-an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 410.4 R 2.545(ym)-.15 G .045
+516 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6
+E(ail.)-.1 E .046(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 \
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(ay con\215ict with \214le de-)-2.545 F
-(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 422.4 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87
-439.2 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
+(scriptors the shell uses internally)108 544.8 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87
+561.6 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 451.2 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
-(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 463.2 Q F2
+108 573.6 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
+(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 585.6 Q F2
(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G
(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0
(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
-(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 480 Q([)144 496.8 Q F2
-(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 513.6 Q(ecting Output)
+(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 602.4 Q([)144 619.2 Q
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 636 Q(ecting Output)
-.18 E F0 .175
(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 525.6 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174
-(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 537.6
-R F2(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083
+108 648 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174
+(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .083(ing on \214le descriptor)108 660 R
+F2(n)2.943 E F0 2.583(,o).24 G 2.583(rt)-2.583 G .083
(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.583 F F2(n)2.943 E F0
.083(is not speci\214ed.)2.823 F .084(If the \214le does not e)5.083 F
-(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 549.6 Q
+(x-)-.15 E(ist it is created; if it does e)108 672 Q
(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E
-(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 566.4 Q([)144 583.2 Q
+(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 688.8 Q([)144 705.6 Q
F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155
-(If the redirection operator is)108 600 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C
+(If the redirection operator is)108 722.4 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C
.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154
-(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 612 R .657
-(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658(xpansion of)
--.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658(ists and is a re)
-.15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-)5.658 F .409
-(rection operator is)108 624 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C 2.909(rt)
--2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E F0 .409
-(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409(option to the)2.909
-F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408(iltin command).2 F
-(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
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-(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641(Redirection of output in this f)108 664.8 R
-.642(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642
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-(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 676.8 R F2(n)3.315 E F0
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-(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E(28)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
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-SF(Redir)87 84 Q(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18
-E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard output\
- \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip\
--)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0
-(.).77 E(There are tw)108 124.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
-(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1
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+(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 148.8 R F1(n)3.315 E F0
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+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.955 F F1(n)3.314 E F0
+.454(is not speci\214ed.)3.194 F(If)5.454 E(the \214le does not e)108
+160.8 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
+(The general format for appending output is:)108 177.6 Q([)144 194.4 Q
+F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 211.2 Q
+(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
+(This construct allo)108 223.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
+\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
+-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108
+235.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
+(There are tw)108 252 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2
+(&>)144 268.8 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 280.8 Q F2(>&)144 292.8 Q
+F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 309.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E
--.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 199.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
-E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 216 R F2(wor)2.614
-E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1
-<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G .114
-(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 228 Q F1
-(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E
-(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 244.8 S
+-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 326.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
+E F2(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 343.2 R F1(wor)
+2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)
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+.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 355.2 Q
+F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E
+(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 372 S
(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
-(This construct allo)108 256.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
-\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
--.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-268.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
+(This construct allo)108 384 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\214l\
+e descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F
+(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108 396 Q
+(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108
-285.6 Q F1(&>>)144 302.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
-(This is semantically equi)108 319.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1
-(>>)144 336 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108
-352.8 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E
-F1(Her)87 369.6 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of red\
-irection instructs the shell to read input from the current source unti\
-l a line containing only)108 381.6 R F2(delimiter)108.35 393.6 Q F0 .614
+412.8 Q F2(&>>)144 429.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
+(This is semantically equi)108 446.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2
+(>>)144 463.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108
+480 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2
+(Her)87 496.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\
+ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \
+a line containing only)108 508.8 R F1(delimiter)108.35 520.8 Q F0 .614
(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615
(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615
-F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 405.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E
-F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E
-(The format of here-documents is:)108 422.4 Q([)144 439.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])
-A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 451.2 Q
-(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 463.2 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108
-480 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302
+F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 532.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E
+F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E
+(The format of here-documents is:)108 549.6 Q([)144 566.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])
+A F2(<<)A F0([)A F2<ad>A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 578.4 Q
+(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 590.4 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108
+607.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302
(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301
(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .381(is performed on)108
-492 R F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681
--.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381
-(is quoted, the)3.651 F F2(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381
+619.2 R F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.381(.I).77 G 2.881(fa)-5.381 G .681
+-.15(ny p)-2.881 H .381(art of).15 F F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0 .381
+(is quoted, the)3.651 F F1(delimiter)3.231 E F0 .381
(is the result of quote remo)3.611 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.881(lo).25 G(n)
--2.881 E F2(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774
-(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 504 R 3.274
-(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773
+-2.881 E F1(wor)3.221 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774
+(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 631.2 R 3.274
+(xpanded. If)-.15 F F1(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773
(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 1.194
-(are subjected to parameter e)108 516 R 1.194
+(are subjected to parameter e)108 643.2 R 1.194
(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.195
-(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 528 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5
-E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0
-(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5
-E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602
-(If the redirection operator is)108 544.8 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101
-(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\
- and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 556.8 Q F2(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5
-(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E
+(xpansion, the character se-)-.15 F(quence)108 655.2 Q F2(\\<newline>)
+2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0
+(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5
+E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602
+(If the redirection operator is)108 672 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t)
+C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\
+ the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 684 Q F1(delimiter)2.85 E F0 5(.T).73
+G(his allo)-5 E
(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f)
--.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 573.6 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0
-2.5(Av)108 585.6 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)
-144 602.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 619.2 Q
-F2(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 631.2 S
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-(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374
-(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 643.2 R .375(wline appended\
-, to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)
-108 655.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E
-F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 672 Q F0(The redirection operator)108
-684 Q([)144 700.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127
-(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 717.6 R(If)5.127 E
-F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126
-(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-729.6 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
-2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .15
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 84 R(If)5.15 E/F1 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to)
-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad>2.65 E F0 2.649<2c8c>C .149
-(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149
-E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)2.889 F
-(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 96 Q
-(The operator)108 112.8 Q([)144 129.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A
-(d)-.37 E F0 .443
-(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 146.4 R
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+/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792
+(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792
+(ariable e)-.25 F .792(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F
+-.15(ex)108 96 S 1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G
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+1.187(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F
+.374(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 108 R .375(wline append\
+ed, to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F
+(tor)108 120 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)
+2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 136.8 Q F0
+(The redirection operator)108 148.8 Q([)144 165.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)
+A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127
+(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 182.4 R(If)5.127 E
+F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126
+(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
+194.4 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
+2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
+2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0
+.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15
+(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 206.4 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor)
+2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.65 E F0
+2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149
+(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)
+2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 218.4 Q
+(The operator)108 235.2 Q([)144 252 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(wor)A(d)
+-.37 E F0 .443
+(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 268.8 R
(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444
(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F .566
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 158.4 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F1(wor)3.406
+(tor 1\) is used.)108 280.8 R .566(If the digits in)5.566 F F1(wor)3.406
E(d)-.37 E F0 .566(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for output, \
-a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 170.4 R F1(wor)3.543
+a redirection error oc-)3.836 F 3.203(curs. If)108 292.8 R F1(wor)3.543
E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.973 G .703(luates to).25 F F2<ad>3.203 E F0
3.203<2c8c>C .703(le descriptor)-3.203 F F1(n)3.563 E F0 .703
(is closed.)3.443 F .703(As a special case, if)5.703 F F1(n)3.204 E F0
.704(is omitted, and)3.204 F F1(wor)3.204 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)3.204 E
-.966(not e)108
182.4 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2<ad>
+.966(not e)108
304.8 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F2<ad>
3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965
(he standard output and standard error are redirected as described)
--3.466 F(pre)108 194.4 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 211.2 Q
-(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 223.2 Q([)
-144 240 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 256.8 Q
+-3.466 F(pre)108 316.8 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 333.6 Q
+(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 345.6 Q([)
+144 362.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 379.2 Q
-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.017(st).15 G .517(he \214le descriptor)-3.017 F F1
(digit)3.017 E F0 .517(to \214le descriptor)3.017 F F1(n)3.377 E F0
3.017(,o).24 G 3.017(rt)-3.017 G .518
(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.017 F F1(n)3.018 E F0
-.518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 268.8 Q F1(digit)5 E F0
+.518(is not speci-)3.018 F(\214ed.)108 391.2 Q F1(digit)5 E F0
(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly)
-108 285.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 302.4 Q
-F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 319.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15
-G 2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F1(digit)2.768 E F0
+108 408 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 424.8 Q F1
+(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
+2.768(st).15 G .268(he \214le descriptor)-2.768 F F1(digit)2.768 E F0
.268(to \214le descriptor)2.768 F F1(n)3.128 E F0 2.768(,o).24 G 2.768
(rt)-2.768 G .267(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.768 F
-F1(n)2.767 E F0 .267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 331.2 Q F2
-(Opening File Descriptors f)87 348 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
-(The redirection operator)108 360 Q([)144 376.8 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)A
-F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
-393.6 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F0 .518
+F1(n)2.767 E F0 .267(is not speci-)2.767 F(\214ed.)108 453.6 Q F2
+(Opening File Descriptors f)87 470.4 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
+(The redirection operator)108 482.4 Q([)144 499.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)
+A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .518(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
+516 R .518(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.358 E(d)-.37 E F0 .518
(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le de-)3.788 F
-(scriptor)108 405.6 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5
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-F1(Aliases)108 434.4 Q F0(allo)3.174 E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674
-(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674
+(scriptor)108 528 Q F1(n)2.86 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>
+-2.5 G(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74
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+E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674
(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673
(ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\
-ses that may be set and unset with the)108 446.4 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0
+ses that may be set and unset with the)108 568.8 R F2(alias)2.894 E F0
(and)2.894 E F2(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2
-F(\(see)108 458.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E
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1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1
-F(check)108 470.4 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472
+F(check)108 592.8 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472
(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473
(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F2(/)2.973 E F0(,)A
-F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 482.4 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0
+F2($)2.973 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 604.8 Q F2(=)3.612 E F0
1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)
-3.612 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111
-(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 494.4 R 1.119
+(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 616.8 R 1.119
(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12
-(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 506.4 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1
+(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 628.8 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1
F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513
(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F
-.295(not e)108 518.4 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
+.295(not e)108 640.8 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2
.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F2
-(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .529(to recursi)108 530.4 R
+(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .529(to recursi)108 652.8 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G .529(ly e).15 F .529(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
3.029(xt. If)-.15 F .528(the last character of the alias v)3.029 F .528
(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.298 E F0 3.028(,t).67 G .528(hen the ne)
--3.028 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 542.4 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
+-3.028 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 664.8 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15
-E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 559.2 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0
+E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 681.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0
(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F2
(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284
-(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 576 R .284
+(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 698.4 R .284
(guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E
.284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see)
-108 588 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .283
-(Aliases are not e)108 604.8 R .283
-(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.782(,u)
-.15 G .282(nless the)-2.782 F F2(expand_aliases)2.782 E F0 .282
-(shell option is set us-)2.782 F(ing)108 616.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4
-(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25
-E .435
+108 710.4 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22
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+(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u)
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-(one complete line of input, and all lines that mak)108 645.6 R 3.17(eu)
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-.1 G 3.17(pac)-3.17 G .67(ompound command, before e)-3.17 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .67(cuting an).15 F 3.17(yo)-.15 G 3.17(ft)-3.17 G(he)-3.17 E
-1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 657.6 R 1.059
+1.058(commands on that line or the compound command.)108 124.8 R 1.059
(Aliases are e)6.059 F 1.059(xpanded when a command is read, not)-.15 F
-.075(when it is e)108 669.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.575(cuted. Therefore,).15
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F .075(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as another comm\
-and does not)2.575 F(tak)108 681.6 Q 2.837(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.837 G
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.337(ect until the ne).25 F .337(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F .337
(The commands follo)5.337 F .338
(wing the alias de\214nition on that line are)-.25 F .552(not af)108
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+unction is e)108 172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .426
(cuted, because a function de\214nition).15 F .404(is itself a command.)
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+108 184.8 R .403
(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not a)5.404 F
--.25(va)-.2 G .403(ilable until after that func-).25 F 2.12(tion is e)
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+-.25(va)-.2 G .403(ilable until after that func-).25 F .862(tion is e)
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+(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and do not use).1 F F1
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+(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F3 10.95
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(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
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-1.001(later e)108 141.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002
-(the name of a shell function is used as a simple command name, the lis\
-t of com-)3.501 F .316(mands associated with that function name is e)108
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--.15(xe)-.15 G .315(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15
-F .035(shell; no ne)108 165.6 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036
+H(nder).15 E F2 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0
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+(mands associated with that function name is e)108 278.4 R -.15(xe)-.15
+G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315
+(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035
+(shell; no ne)108 290.4 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036
(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036
-F .64(function is e)108 177.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F
+F .64(function is e)108 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F
.639
(guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e)
--.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 189.6
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-(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532(Special parameter)
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-(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 201.6 Q F2(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)
--.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G
+-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 314.4
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+(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F
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+(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G
(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108
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(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F
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--.09 E F0(and)3.464 E F4(RETURN)3.715 E F0 1.215
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.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479
(w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F4(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E
-.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 254.4 R F2(declar)
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2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)
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-(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F4(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu)
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-(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F4(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072
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+(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu)
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(traps\), and the)2.572 F F2(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321
-F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 278.4 Q F4(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0
-(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 295.2 S .655
-(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F4(local)
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(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I)
--.55 G 2.55(fav)-5.051 G .05(ariable is declared)-2.8 F F4(local)2.55 E
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E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its children \(inc\
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(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.)
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(ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688
(When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688
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(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007
(alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25
F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.)
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-(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 420 Q
+(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 544.8 Q
2.117 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .817
(hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65
F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va)
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(alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108
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(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483
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-(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 501.6 R .19
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(alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f)
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-3.305 E F0 .805(is check)3.305 F 3.305(ed. If)-.1 F(the)3.305 E F2
+-.15 G .197(ther command-)-2.697 F(speci\214c actions.)108 213.6 Q .234
+(Expressions are formed from the follo)108 230.4 R .234
+(wing unary or binary primaries.)-.25 F F3(Bash)5.234 E F0 .235
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(Commands run as a result of command substitution ignore the k)5.653 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G(board-).15 E(generated job control signals)108 108 Q F1
-(SIGTTIN)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F2
-(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F1(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F2(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108
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-(SIGHUP)4.545 E F2(.)A F0 2.045(Before e)6.545 F 2.045
-(xiting, an interacti)-.15 F 2.346 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046
-(hell resends the).15 F F1(SIGHUP)108 136.8 Q F0 1.005
-(to all jobs, running or stopped.)3.255 F 1.004(Stopped jobs are sent)
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--.15 G(ecei)-3.504 E 1.304 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(he).15 E F1(SIGHUP)108 148.8
-Q F2(.)A F0 2.529 -.8(To p)5.429 H(re).8 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .93(nt the sh\
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--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.43(df).15 G .93(rom the)-3.43 F 1.357
-(jobs table with the)108 160.8 R/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(diso)3.857 E(wn)
--.1 E F0 -.2(bu)3.857 G 1.357(iltin \(see).2 F F1 1.356(SHELL B)3.856 F
-(UIL)-.09 E 1.356(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.606 E 1.356
-(w\) or mark)-.25 F 1.356(ed to not recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F1
-(SIGHUP)108 172.8 Q F0(using)2.25 E F3(diso)2.5 E(wn \255h)-.1 E F0(.)A
-.166(If the)108 189.6 R F3(huponexit)2.666 E F0 .166
-(shell option has been set with)2.666 F F3(shopt)2.666 E F0(,)A F3(bash)
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+(SIGTTIN)2.5 E F4(,)A F3(SIGTT)2.25 E(OU)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3
+(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F4(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 235.2 R 2.045
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+-.15(ve s)-.25 H 2.046(hell resends the).15 F F3(SIGHUP)108 247.2 Q F0
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(to all jobs when an interacti)2.416 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(login shell e)108
-201.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 218.4 Q F3(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F
+312 Q(xits.)-.15 E(If)108 328.8 Q F1(bash)3.047 E F0 .547(is w)3.047 F
.546(aiting for a command to complete and recei)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.046(sas).15 G .546(ignal for which a trap has been set, the trap)
--3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 230.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662
-(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F3(bash)3.163 E
+-3.046 F .662(will not be e)108 340.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .662
+(cuted until the command completes.).15 F(When)5.663 E F1(bash)3.163 E
F0 .663(is w)3.163 F .663(aiting for an asynchronous command)-.1 F .327
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reception of a signal for which a trap has been set will cause the).2 F
-F3(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .326(iltin to re-).2 F
-(turn immediately with an e)108 254.4 Q
+F1(wait)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G .326(iltin to re-).2 F
+(turn immediately with an e)108 364.8 Q
(xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(JOB CONTR)72
-271.2 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.25(Jo)108 283.2 S 3.368(bc)
-.25 G(ontr)-3.368 E(ol)-.45 E F0 .868(refers to the ability to selecti)
-3.878 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .868(ly stop \().15 F F5(suspend)A F0 3.368(\)t)C
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-(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F5 -.37(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108
-295.2 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .165
-(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165
+E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(JOB CONTR)72 381.6 Q(OL)-.329 E/F5 10
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+-.15(xe)-.15 G .868(cution of processes and continue \().15 F F5 -.37
+(re)C(-).37 E(sume)108 405.6 Q F0 2.665(\)t)C .165(heir e)-2.665 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .165(cution at a later point.).15 F 2.665(Au)5.165 G .165
(ser typically emplo)-2.665 F .165(ys this f)-.1 F .164
(acility via an interacti)-.1 F .464 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nterf).15 E .164
-(ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 307.2 Q
+(ace sup-)-.1 F(plied jointly by the operating system k)108 417.6 Q
(ernel')-.1 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal dri)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ra).15
-G(nd)-2.5 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 324 R
+G(nd)-2.5 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A .784(The shell associates a)108 434.4 R
F5(job)5.024 E F0 .784(with each pipeline.)3.514 F .784(It k)5.784 F
.785(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785
-(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 336 R F3(jobs)
-2.825 E F0 2.825(command. When)2.825 F F3(bash)2.825 E F0 .325
+(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .325(listed with the)108 446.4 R F1
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(starts a job asynchronously \(in the)2.825 F F5(bac)3.094 E(kgr)-.2 E
-(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 348 Q
-(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 364.8 Q .241(indicating that this job is job nu\
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+(ound)-.45 E F0 .324(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 458.4
+Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 475.2 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\
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(All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job)
-5.733 F(.)-.4 E F3(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 405.6 Q F5(job)
+5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 516 Q F5(job)
4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 1.981 -.8
-(To f)108 422.4 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf)
+(To f)108 532.8 T .382(acilitate the implementation of the user interf)
.7 F .382(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the no-)-.1
-F 1.538(tion of a)108 434.4 R F5(curr)4.038 E 1.538(ent terminal pr)-.37
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F 1.537(ocess gr)-.45 F 1.537(oup ID)-.45 F F0 6.537(.M)C 1.537
(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-6.537 F .023
(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108
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-(board-generated signals such as).15 F F1(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 458.4 Q
-F2(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F5(for)
+556.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
+(board-generated signals such as).15 F F3(SIG-)2.523 E(INT)108 568.8 Q
+F4(.)A F0 1.215(These processes are said to be in the)5.716 F F5(for)
5.685 E -.4(eg)-.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F5(Bac)6.795 E
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-F .145(group ID dif)108 470.4 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
+F .145(group ID dif)108 580.8 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .146
(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16
-(ground processes are allo)108 482.4 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F
+(ground processes are allo)108 592.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F
2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6
10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter)
--2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 494.4 R .551
+-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 604.8 R .551
(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.051 F F6 .551
(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F
-.718(terminal are sent a)108 506.4 R F1 .718(SIGTTIN \(SIGTT)3.218 F
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(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.968 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.217(st)-.55
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-(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 518.4 Q 1.087
-(If the operating system on which)108 535.2 R F3(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088
-(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F3(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088
-(contains f)3.588 F 1.088(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 547.2 S
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+(If the operating system on which)108 645.6 R F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.088
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-3.572 F F3(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301
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(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801
-F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 559.2 R F3(bash)4.642 E F0
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7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F5 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0
-2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F3(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C
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(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\
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-571.2 R(to)108 583.2 Q F3(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892
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(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F
-F3(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .17
-(background, the)108 595.2 R F3(fg)2.67 E F0 .17
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-(tak)2.67 E .17(es ef-)-.1 F 1.418(fect immediately)108 607.2 R 3.918
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(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.)
-108 619.2 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 636 R .777
-(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F3
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-(may be referred to as)3.697 F F3(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957
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-(hand, refers to an)108 684 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087
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(in its command line.)2.587 F .087
-(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 696 Q F3(bash)
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2.508 E F0 .008(reports an error)2.508 F 5.008(.T)-.55 G .008
-(he symbols)-5.008 F F3(%%)2.508 E F0(and)2.508 E F3(%+)2.508 E F0 .008
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(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F
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(ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
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-(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 124.8 R
+(rent job)108 204 Q(.)-.4 E .444
+(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 220.8 R
(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for)
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-(equi)108 148.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
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(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13
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(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F1<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158
-(option to)2.658 F(the)108 189.6 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148
+(option to)2.658 F(the)108 285.6 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148
(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148
(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15
-(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0
+(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0
.147(is e)2.397 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108
-201.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 218.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1
+297.6 Q(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 314.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1
(bash)2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533
(,i)-.4 G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033
-(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 230.4 R F1
+(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 1.003(using the)108 326.4 R F1
(shopt)3.503 E F0 -.2(bu)3.503 G 1.003
(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 1.002
(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)3.502 E F0 1.002
(option is en-)3.502 F .955(abled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)
-108 242.4 R(The)5.955 E F1(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955
+108 338.4 R(The)5.955 E F1(jobs)3.455 E F0 .955
(command may then be used to inspect their status.)3.455 F .956(If a)
-5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 254.4 R .604
+5.956 F .604(second attempt to e)108 350.4 R .604
(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604
(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E
-(and an)108 266.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E
-.644(When the shell is w)108 283.2 R .644
+(and an)108 362.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E
+.644(When the shell is w)108 379.2 R .644
(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0
-(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 295.2 R F1
+(will)3.145 E .282(return when the job changes state. The)108 391.2 R F1
<ad66>2.782 E F0 .282(option causes)2.782 F F1(wait)2.782 E F0 .282
(to w)2.782 F .282(ait until the job or process terminates be-)-.1 F
-(fore returning.)108 307.2 Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 324 Q
-(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644
+(fore returning.)108 403.2 Q/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 420 Q
+(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 432 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644
(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E
-F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F2(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645
+F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645
(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428
-(and the secondary prompt)108 348 R F2(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427
+(and the secondary prompt)108 444 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427
(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E
-F0(displays)2.927 E F2(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037
-(it reads a command b)108 360 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F2(PS4)2.538 E
+F0(displays)2.927 E F3(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037
+(it reads a command b)108 456 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.538 E
F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038
-(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108
372 R F1<ad78>
+(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.122(mand when the)108
468 R F1<ad78>
3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo)
3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a)
-.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \
-as follo)108 384 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 396 Q F0
-(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 396 Q F1(\\d)144 408 Q F0
-(the date in "W)180 408 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
-(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 420 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)A
-F1(})A F0(the)180 432 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F
-F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427
-(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180
-444 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0
+as follo)108 480 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 492 Q F0
+(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 492 Q F1(\\d)144 504 Q F0
+(the date in "W)180 504 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
+(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 516 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180 528
+Q F2(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)3.926 F F2(strftime)3.926 E F0
+1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B
+(empty)180 540 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0
(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E
-(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 456 Q F0
-(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 456 Q F1(\\h)144 468 Q F0
-(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 468 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 480 Q F0
-(the hostname)180 480 Q F1(\\j)144 492 Q F0
-(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 492 Q F1(\\l)144
-504 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 504 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)
--2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 516 Q F0(ne)180 516 Q(wline)-.25 E F1
-(\\r)144 528 Q F0(carriage return)180 528 Q F1(\\s)144 540 Q F0
-(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 540 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0
+(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 552 Q F0
+(an ASCII escape character \(033\))180 552 Q F1(\\h)144 564 Q F0
+(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)180 564 Q(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 576 Q F0
+(the hostname)180 576 Q F1(\\j)144 588 Q F0
+(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)180 588 Q F1(\\l)144
+600 Q F0(the basename of the shell')180 600 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)
+-2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 612 Q F0(ne)180 612 Q(wline)-.25 E F1
+(\\r)144 624 Q F0(carriage return)180 624 Q F1(\\s)144 636 Q F0
+(the name of the shell, the basename of)180 636 Q F1($0)2.5 E F0
(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144
-552 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 552 Q F1(\\T)
-144 564 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 564 Q F1
-(\\@)144 576 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 576 Q F1
-(\\A)144 588 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 588 Q F1
-(\\u)144 600 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 600 Q F1(\\v)144
-612 Q F0(the v)180 612 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
-(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 624 Q F0(the release of)180 624 Q F1
-(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 636 Q F0 .116(the current w)
-180 636 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E F2
-($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)
--.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 648 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36
-E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 660 Q F0
-(the basename of the current w)180 660 Q(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)
--.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)
--.25 E F1(\\!)144 672 Q F0(the history number of this command)180 672 Q
-F1(\\#)144 684 Q F0(the command number of this command)180 684 Q F1(\\$)
-144 696 Q F0(if the ef)180 696 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H
-(ID is 0, a).15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E
-(\\)144 708 Q F4(nnn)A F0
-(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 708 Q F4(nnn)2.5 E
-F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E
-(38)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+648 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 648 Q F1(\\T)
+144 660 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)180 660 Q F1
+(\\@)144 672 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)180 672 Q F1
+(\\A)144 684 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)180 684 Q F1
+(\\u)144 696 Q F0(the username of the current user)180 696 Q F1(\\v)144
+708 Q F0(the v)180 708 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(38)
+190.95 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 39 39
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(\\\\)144 84 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 84 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 96 Q F0
-(be)180 96 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which cou\
-ld be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt)
-180 108 Q F1(\\])144 120 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters)
-180 120 Q .12(The command number and the history number are usually dif)
-108 136.8 R .119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F
-.547(position in the history list, which may include commands restored \
-from the history \214le \(see)108 148.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)
-3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 160.8 Q .354(w\), wh\
-ile the command number is the position in the sequence of commands e)
--.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354(cuted during the current).15 F .822
-(shell session.)108 172.8 R .822(After the string is decoded, it is e)
-5.822 F .822(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823
-(xpansion, command substitution,)-.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 184.8 R
-.683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .683
-(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F F1(pr)3.182 E(omptv)
--.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-)3.182 F 1.197
-(scription of the)108 196.8 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197(command under)
-3.697 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F
-F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198(can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15
-(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef)108 208.8 R .322(fects if\
- escaped portions of the string appear within command substitution or c\
-ontain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108 220.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E
-(xpansion.)-.15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 237.6 Q F0 .15
+SF(\\V)144 84 Q F0(the release of)180 84 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C
+(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))
+-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 96 Q F0 .116(the current w)180 96 R .116
+(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.616 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)
+-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 108 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36
+E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 120 Q F0
+(the basename of the current w)180 120 Q(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)
+-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)
+-.25 E F1(\\!)144 132 Q F0(the history number of this command)180 132 Q
+F1(\\#)144 144 Q F0(the command number of this command)180 144 Q F1(\\$)
+144 156 Q F0(if the ef)180 156 Q(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H
+(ID is 0, a).15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E
+(\\)144 168 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0
+(the character corresponding to the octal number)180 168 Q F3(nnn)2.5 E
+F1(\\\\)144 180 Q F0 2.5(ab)180 180 S(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 192 Q
+F0(be)180 192 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which \
+could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F
+(control sequence into the prompt)180 204 Q F1(\\])144 216 Q F0
+(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 216 Q .12
+(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 232.8 R
+.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F .547(positio\
+n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\
+tory \214le \(see)108 244.8 R F2(HIST)3.047 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
+(be-)2.797 E(lo)108 256.8 Q .354(w\), while the command number is the p\
+osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .354
+(cuted during the current).15 F .822(shell session.)108 268.8 R .822
+(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.822 F .822
+(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .823(xpansion, command substitution,)
+-.15 F .683(arithmetic e)108 280.8 R .683(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15
+F -.25(va)-.15 G .683(l, subject to the v).25 F .682(alue of the)-.25 F
+F1(pr)3.182 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .682(shell option \(see the de-)
+3.182 F 1.197(scription of the)108 292.8 R F1(shopt)3.697 E F0 1.197
+(command under)3.697 F F2 1.197(SHELL B)3.697 F(UIL)-.09 E 1.197
+(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.448 E 3.698(w\). This)-.25 F 1.198
+(can ha)3.698 F 1.498 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(nw).15 E(anted)-.1 E .322(side ef)
+108 304.8 R .322(fects if escaped portions of the string appear within \
+command substitution or contain characters spe-)-.25 F(cial to w)108
+316.8 Q(ord e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)
+72 333.6 Q F0 .15
(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
-108 249.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1
-(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 261.6 R -.15
+108 345.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1
+(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E .385(is gi)108 357.6 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.885(na).15 G 2.885(ts)-2.885 G .385(hell in)-2.885 F -.2
(vo)-.4 G 2.885(cation. Line).2 F .385
(editing is also used when using the)2.885 F F1<ad65>2.884 E F0 .384
(option to the)2.884 F F1 -.18(re)2.884 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.884 G
-2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 273.6 S 1.406
+2.884(iltin. By).2 F(de-)2.884 E -.1(fa)108 369.6 S 1.406
(ult, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.).1 F
3.907(Av)6.407 G 1.407(i-style line editing interf)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 285.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
+(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 381.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)
-3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0
.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E
-(\(see)108 297.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS)
+(\(see)108 393.6 Q F2 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS)
-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of)
-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763
(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E
-(emacs)108 309.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
-(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 326.4 Q
+(emacs)108 405.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
+(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 422.4 Q
F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k)
-108 338.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
-2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1
-(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 350.4 R
-(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153
-(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653
-(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)
-108 362.4 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)
-3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F
-F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13
--.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65
-(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 374.4 R F4 .599
-(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599
-(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599
-(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G
-.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F
-(the Control k)108 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4
-(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .596
-(Readline commands may be gi)108 403.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096(nn).15 G
-(umeric)-3.096 E F4(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G .596
-(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E(ho)108
-415.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G
-3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
+108 434.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
+2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A
+1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 446.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,)
+-.65 E F3(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)
+-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153
+(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 458.4 S .831
+(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65
+(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F3(x)3.331 E F0
+3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .83
+(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83
+(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 470.4 R F3 .599(meta pr)3.099 F
+(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F3
+(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099
+(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6
+(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 482.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
+(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\))
+.65 E .596(Readline commands may be gi)108 499.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.096
+(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.096 E F3(ar)3.426 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.096(,w).27 G
+.596(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.096 F(Sometimes,)5.595 E
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+(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046
+(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046
+(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 148.8 Q/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
+(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
+(Readline V)87 165.6 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 177.6
+R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043
-(riable may be set in the).25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.553 E
-(tr)108 108 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1
-(set)144 124.8 Q F2(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108
-136.8 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E/F3 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)
-2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 153.6 R .79
-(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1
-(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05
-(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108
-165.6 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F
-.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448
-(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 177.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467
+(riable may be set in the).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inpu-)2.553 E
+(tr)108 189.6 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E
+F1(set)144 206.4 Q F3(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0(or using the)108
+218.4 Q F1(bind)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F2
+(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25
+E .79(Except where noted, readline v)108 235.2 R .79(ariables can tak)
+-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)
+3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79
+(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .449(nized v)108 247.2 R .448
+(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)
+-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448
+(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 259.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467
(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)
2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25
F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468
(he v)-5.468 F .468(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108
-189.6 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 206.4 Q F0 .011
-(Controls what happens when readline w)144 218.4 R .011
+271.2 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 288 Q F0 .011
+(Controls what happens when readline w)144 300 R .011
(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51
E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94
-(rings the bell.)144 230.4 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0
+(rings the bell.)144 312 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0
3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va)
-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A
-(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 242.4 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.)
--2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 254.4 Q F0 .056
-(If set to)144 266.4 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\
-s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F
-(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 278.4 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)
--.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 290.4 Q(en \(Off\))
--.18 E F0 .21(If set to)144 302.4 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21
+(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 324 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.)
+-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 336 Q F0 .056
+(If set to)144 348 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempts \
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+(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 360 Q -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25
+G(lents.).25 E F1(blink\255matching\255par)108 372 Q(en \(Off\))-.18 E
+F0 .21(If set to)144 384 R F1(On)2.71 E F0 2.71(,r)C .21
(eadline attempts to brie\215y mo)-2.71 F .51 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .21
(he cursor to an opening parenthesis when a closing).15 F
-(parenthesis is inserted.)144 314.4 Q F1(color)108 326.4 Q
+(parenthesis is inserted.)144 396 Q F1(color)108 408 Q
(ed\255completion\255pr)-.18 E(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .515(If set to)
-144 338.4 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, r\
-eadline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F
-2.935(completions using a dif)144 350.4 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F
-7.936(.T)-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936
-(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 362.4 Q
-F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 374.4 Q
-(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 386.4 R F1(On)4.08 E
-F0 4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08
-F 1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144
-398.4 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E
-(alue of the)-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E
-(ariable.)-.25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 410.4 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63
-E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 422.4 R F1
+144 420 R F1(On)3.015 E F0 3.015(,w)C .515(hen listing completions, rea\
+dline displays the common pre\214x of the set of possible)-3.015 F 2.935
+(completions using a dif)144 432 R 2.935(ferent color)-.25 F 7.936(.T)
+-.55 G 2.936(he color de\214nitions are tak)-7.936 F 2.936
+(en from the v)-.1 F 2.936(alue of the)-.25 F F1(LS_COLORS)144 444 Q F0
+(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(color)108 456 Q
+(ed\255stats \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.58(If set to)144 468 R F1(On)4.08 E F0
+4.08(,r)C 1.579(eadline displays possible completions using dif)-4.08 F
+1.579(ferent colors to indicate their \214le)-.25 F 2.5(type. The)144
+480 R(color de\214nitions are tak)2.5 E(en from the v)-.1 E(alue of the)
+-.25 E F1(LS_COLORS)2.5 E F0(en)2.5 E(vironment v)-.4 E(ariable.)-.25 E
+F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 492 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .884
+(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 504 R F1
(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 434.4 Q F1
+3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 516 Q F1
(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0
(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255display\255width \(\2551\))
-108 446.4 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possi\
-ble matches when performing completion.)144 458.4 R .193(The v)144 470.4
-R .193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the termina\
-l screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F
-(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 482.4 Q(The def)5 E
-(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 494.4 Q
-(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 506.4 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\
-insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1
-(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 518.4 Q F0 .094(If set to)144
-530.4 R F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)
-2.593 E(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F
-.093(yphens \()-.05 F F2<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093(nd underscores)-2.593
-F(\()144 542.4 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)
--.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25
-H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 554.4 Q
+108 528 Q F0 1.453(The number of screen columns used to display possibl\
+e matches when performing completion.)144 540 R .193(The v)144 552 R
+.193(alue is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal \
+screen width.)-.25 F 2.694(Av)5.194 G .194(alue of 0 will)-2.944 F
+(cause matches to be displayed one per line.)144 564 Q(The def)5 E
+(ault v)-.1 E(alue is \2551.)-.25 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 576 Q
+(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 588 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C
+(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\
+siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1
+(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 600 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 612 R
+F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E
+(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093
+(yphens \()-.05 F F3<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093(nd underscores)-2.593 F
+(\()144 624 Q F3(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25
+G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E .3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H
+(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1(completion\255pr)108 636 Q
(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in charact\
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-splayed)144 566.4 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 578.4 R 1.275
+splayed)144 648 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 660 R 1.275
(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)
--.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 590.4 S(lue are rep\
-laced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1
-(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 602.4 Q F0 .529
-(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 614.4 R .53
+-.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 672 S(lue are repla\
+ced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1
+(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 684 Q F0 .529
+(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 696 R .53
(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the)
-144 626.4 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)
-3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56
-(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144
-638.4 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\
-qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 650.4 S .237
-(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)
--.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G
-.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 662.4 Q F1(con)108
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-R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4
-G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913
--.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541
-(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
-144 698.4 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041
-F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 710.4 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2
-(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f)
--.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E
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+F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v)
+-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 720 R
+.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \
+the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 96 R F1
-(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E -.25(va)144 84 S
+.237(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237
+(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237
+(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G .237(re simply listed)
+-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(con)108 108 Q
+-.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 120 R F1(On)
+3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613
+(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15
+(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541
+(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
+144 132 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+.541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 144 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E
+(ault is)-.1 E F2(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E
+F2(Of)2.5 E(f)-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5
+E F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 156 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 168 R
+F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038
(ord completion.)-.1 F .038
(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the)
-144 108 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0
-(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 120 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211
-(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G
+144 180 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0
+(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 192 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211
+(When set to)144 204 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G
1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21
(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F
-(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 144 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 156 Q F0 .141
-(Controls whether readline be)144 168 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
-.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
-SF(Emacs)2.642 E F0(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)
-5.142 E F0(can be set to either)144 180 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1
-(vi)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 192 Q F0 .518
-(If the)144 204 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
--.25(va)3.018 G .517
-(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25
-F .622(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)
-144 216 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622
-(alue is e)-.25 F .622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 228
-S 3.34(yb)-.05 G .839
-(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F .839
-(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 240 S 2.798
+(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 216 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
+(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 228 Q F0 .141
+(Controls whether readline be)144 240 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
+.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0
+(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0
+(can be set to either)144 252 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 264 Q F0 .518(If the)144 276
+R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G
+.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the)
+.25 F .622
+(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 288
+R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F
+.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 300 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G
+.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F
+.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 312 S 2.798
(ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298
(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F
(can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)
-144 252 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 264 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0
-1.222(When set to)144 276 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221
+144 324 Q F1(enable\255brack)108 336 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0
+1.222(When set to)144 348 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221
(eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221
(ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353
-(paste into the editing b)144 288 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\
+(paste into the editing b)144 360 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\
g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544
-(it had been read from the k)144 300 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This)
+(it had been read from the k)144 372 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This)
.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543
(nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.)
-144 312 Q F1(enable\255k)108 324 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892
-(When set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
+144 384 Q F1(enable\255k)108 396 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892
+(When set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F
-(tems need this to enable the arro)144 348 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
-G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 360 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
-(When set to)144 372 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
+(tems need this to enable the arro)144 420 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
+G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 432 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
+(When set to)144 444 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
(eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64
(eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64
-(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 384 Q
+(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 456 Q
(On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H
2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1
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(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)3.384 E(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C
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-.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F
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-144 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 156 Q F0 .517
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F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144
-180 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v)
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3.423(eak)-.1 G 1.223 -.15(ey b)-3.523 H .924
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-.2 G 2.745(ilable. Use).25 F .244(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.745 F
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-216 Q F1(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 228 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 240 R
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F1(On)3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F
3.346(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F F2(stat)3.346 E F0 .846
(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B
-(when listing possible completions.)144 252 Q F1
-(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 268.8 Q F0 .05
-(Readline implements a f)108 280.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\
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-(which allo)108 292.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096
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(indings and v).15 F .096
(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097
-(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 321.6 Q F0(The)144 321.6 Q F1($if)2.963
+(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 417.6 Q F0(The)144 417.6 Q F1($if)2.963
E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\
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-(or the application using readline.)144 333.6 Q(The te)5 E
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(xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E
-(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 345.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\
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-144 362.4 Q F0(The)180 362.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)
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3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711
(su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F
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+3.065(mode. This)180 470.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)
3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565
-(command, for instance, to)3.065 F .735(set bindings in the)180 386.4 R
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F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)
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-(out in emacs mode.)180 398.4 Q F1(term)144 415.2 Q F0(The)180 415.2 Q
+(out in emacs mode.)180 494.4 Q F1(term)144 511.2 Q F0(The)180 511.2 Q
F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696
(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15
-(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 427.2 R
+(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 523.2 R
.954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154
(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1
-(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 439.2 Q F1(=)3.232
+(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 535.2 Q F1(=)3.232
E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\
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-
451.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
+
547.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
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-F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 468 S(rsion).1 E F0
-(The)180 480 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608
+F0 2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 564 S(rsion).1 E F0
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(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609
-(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 492 Q F1 -.1
+(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 588 Q F1 -.1
(ve)2.772 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)2.772 G .272
(pands to the current readline v).15 F 2.771(ersion. The)-.15 F .271
-(set of comparison operators in-)2.771 F(cludes)180 504 Q F1(=)3.063 E
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-(of the operator consists of a major v)180 516 R .318(ersion number)-.15
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F 2.818(,a)-.4 G 2.818(no)-2.818 G .318
-(ptional decimal point, and an op-)-2.818 F .1(tional minor v)180 528 R
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-(ersion number ar)-.15 F(gument)-.18 E(by whitespace.)180 552 Q F1
-(application)144 568.8 Q F0(The)180 580.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0
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F .503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180
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(gin before the user has \214nished typing the search string.)-.15 F
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-(search string is typed, readline displays the ne)108 276 R .112
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(xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1
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-(incremental search requires only as man)108 288 R 3.042(yc)-.15 G .542
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-(If that v)108 312 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66
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(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25
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(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15
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-(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 400.8
-Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 417.6
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+Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108 506.4
R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653(ontrol-Rs are typed without an)
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-(The follo)108 487.2 R 1.391
+rent line.)108 547.2 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 564 Q F0 1.391
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(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391
(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F
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H .121(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.621(ault. In)-.1 F .121
-(the follo)2.621 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 511.2 Q F1(point)3.41 E
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F0 .911(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.411(db)
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(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E
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(See)5.395 E F3(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
-.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 444 Q F1
-(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 456 Q F0
-(Perform history and alias e)144 468 Q(xpansion on the current line.)
--.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 480 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M)
-.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 492 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)
+.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 552 Q F1
+(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 564 Q F0
+(Perform history and alias e)144 576 Q(xpansion on the current line.)
+-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 588 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M)
+.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 600 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)
-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
-(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 504 Q F0 .948
-(Accept the current line for e)144 516 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948
+(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 612 Q F0 .948
+(Accept the current line for e)144 624 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948
(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15
(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729
-(history for editing.)144 528 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F
+(history for editing.)144 636 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F
.729
(gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of)
--.18 F(the current line.)144 540 Q F1
-(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 552 Q F0(In)144
-564 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146
+-.18 F(the current line.)144 648 Q F1
+(edit\255and\255execute\255command \(C\255x C\255e\))108 660 Q F0(In)144
+672 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G .347 -.1(ke a).2 H 2.647(ne).1 G .146
(ditor on the current command line, and e)-2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
(cute the result as shell commands.).15 F F1(Bash)5.146 E F0(at-)2.646 E
-(tempts to in)144 576 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54
+(tempts to in)144 684 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3($VISU)2.6 E(AL)-.54
E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3($EDIT)2.25 E(OR)-.162 E F4(,)A F0(and)
2.25 E F2(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E 2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G
-(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 592.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E
-(ext)-.92 E F2(end\255of\255\214le)108 604.8 Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5
-E F0 .798(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 616.8
-R .799(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C
-3.299(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592
-(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 628.8 R
-.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F
-(as the end of input and returns)144 640.8 Q F3(EOF)2.5 E F4(.)A F1
-(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 652.8 Q F0 .441
-(Delete the character at point.)144 664.8 R .442
-(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1
-(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 676.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)
--2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
-(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))
-108 688.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 700.8 R
-5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553
-(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552
-(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 712.8 Q
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E
-(47)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87 700.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF -.25(fo)108 84 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473
-(Delete the character under the cursor)144 96 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(end\255of\255\214le)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798
+(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 96 R .799
+(xample, by)-.15 F/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299
+(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592
+(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 108 R
+.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F
+(as the end of input and returns)144 120 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(EOF)2.5
+E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 132 Q F0
+.441(Delete the character at point.)144 144 R .442
+(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F2
+(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 156 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)-2.5
+E F2(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
+(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F2(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))
+108 168 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 180 R 5.553
+(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553
+(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552
+(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 192 Q F2 -.25
+(fo)108 204 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473
+(Delete the character under the cursor)144 216 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474
(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F
-(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 108 Q F1
-(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 120 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144
-132 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This)
+(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 228 Q F2
+(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 240 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144
+252 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279(erbatim. This)
-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279 G .779
-(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C
-(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 144 S(ample.).15 E F1(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)
-108 156 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 168 Q(.)-.55 E F1
-(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 180 Q F0
-(Insert the character typed.)144 192 Q F1(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))
-108 204 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 216 R .321
+(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F2(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278(,f)C
+(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 264 S(ample.).15 E F2(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)
+108 276 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0(Insert a tab character)144 288 Q(.)-.55 E F2
+(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 300 Q F0
+(Insert the character typed.)144 312 Q F2(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))
+108 324 Q F0 .321(Drag the character before point forw)144 336 R .321
(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321
(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322(ving point forw)-.15 F .322
(ard as well.)-.1 F .372
-(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 228
+(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 348
R 2.872(oc)-.1 G .372(haracters before point.)-2.872 F(Ne)5.372 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .672 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.2(r-).15 G(guments ha)144
-240 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1
-(transpose\255w)108 252 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144
-264 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
+360 Q .3 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F2
+(transpose\255w)108 372 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144
+384 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w)
-2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F
-(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 276 Q 2.5
-(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 288 Q
-(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 300
+(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 396 Q 2.5
+(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F2(upcase\255w)108 408 Q
+(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 420
R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698
-(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 312 S(rd, b).1 E
-(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 324 Q
-(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 336 Q 1.647
+(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 432 S(rd, b).1 E
+(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2(do)108 444 Q
+(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 456 Q 1.647
(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147
(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre)
--.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 348 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
--.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 360 Q
-(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 372
+-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 468 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
+-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2(capitalize\255w)108 480 Q
+(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 492
R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974
-(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 384 S(rd, b).1
-E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 396
-S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 408 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15
+(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 504 S(rd, b).1
+E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F2 -.1(ove)108 516
+S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 528 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15
G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437
(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438
(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)144 420 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
+(Wi)144 540 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
-.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781
(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F
-(fects)-.25 E(only)144 432 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi)
+(fects)-.25 E(only)144 552 Q F2(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F2(vi)
4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15
-F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895
-(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 444 R -.15(ove)3.969 G
-1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E
-F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F
-.957(pushing the te)144 456 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958
-(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0
-.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 468 Q
-(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87
-484.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 496.8 Q F0
-(Kill the te)144 508.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1
-(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 520.8 Q F0(Kill backw)
-144 532.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1
-(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 544.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 556.8
+F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F F1 -.37(re)
+4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969
+(mode. In)144 564 R -.15(ove)3.969 G 1.469
+(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F2(self\255insert)3.969 E F0
+1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .957
+(pushing the te)144 576 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958
+(Characters bound to)5.957 F F2(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0
+.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 588 Q
+(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F2(Killing and Y)87
+604.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 616.8 Q F0
+(Kill the te)144 628.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F2
+(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 640.8 Q F0(Kill backw)
+144 652.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F2
+(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 664.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 676.8
Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E
(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)
--2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 568.8 Q F0
+-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F2(kill\255whole\255line)108 688.8 Q F0
(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144
-580.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 592.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
-(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 604.8 R .728
-(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
-(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 616.8 S
-(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G
-(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 628.8 Q
-(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 640.8 Q(ord behind point.)
--.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1
-(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 652.8 Q
-(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 664.8
-R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F
-.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 676.8 S
-(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E
-(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)
-108 688.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 700.8 R 3.025
-(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
-(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-)
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-(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E(48)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(unix\255w)108 84 Q(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)
-144 96 R .364(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365
-(ord boundary)-.1 F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365
-(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)
--2.865 E(kill-ring.)144 108 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 120 Q
-F0 .167(Kill the w)144 132 R .166
+SF(kill\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 96 R .728
+(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
+(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 108 S
+(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G
+(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 120 Q
+(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 132 Q(ord behind point.)-.1
+E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1
+(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 144 Q
+(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 156 R
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+(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E
+(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)
+108 180 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 192 R 3.025
+(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
+(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-)
+5.525 E(ward\255w)144 204 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 216 Q
+(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 228 R .364
+(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1
+F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
+(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144
+240 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 252 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144
+264 R .166
(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
--.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 144 Q
+-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 276 Q
(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)
--2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 156 Q F0
-(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 168 Q F1(kill\255r)108 180
-Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 192 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E
-(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 204 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)
-144 216 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
+-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 288 Q F0
+(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 300 Q F1(kill\255r)108 312
+Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 324 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E
+(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 336 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)
+144 348 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(copy\255backward\255w)108 228 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 240 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G
+(copy\255backward\255w)108 360 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 372 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G
2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)
-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301
-(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 252
-Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 264 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E
-F0(Cop)144 276 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1
+(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 384
+Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 396 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E
+F0(Cop)144 408 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1
F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)
-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1
--.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 288 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
-(yank \(C\255y\))108 300 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 312 S
+-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 420 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
+(yank \(C\255y\))108 432 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 444 S
(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25
-E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 324 Q F0
-(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 336 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
+E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 456 Q F0
+(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 468 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E
-F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 352.8 Q
-(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 364.8 Q
+F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 484.8 Q
+(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 496.8 Q
(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367
-(Add this digit to the ar)144 376.8 R .367
+(Add this digit to the ar)144 508.8 R .367
(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18
(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
-(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 400.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1
-E F0 .779(This is another w)144 412.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
+(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 520.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
+(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 532.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1
+E F0 .779(This is another w)144 544.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778
(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
-424.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
-436.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
+556.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
+568.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17
(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 448.8 R .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 580.8 R .898
(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898
(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23
-(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 460.8 R 1.23
+(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 592.8 R 1.23
(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 472.8 R .822
+-.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 604.8 R .822
(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823
(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F
-(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 484.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5
+(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 616.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5
E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing)
-87 501.6 Q(complete \(T)108 513.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
-(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 525.6 R 1.137
+87 633.6 Q(complete \(T)108 645.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
+(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 657.6 R 1.137
(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 537.6 Q .532(xt as a v)
+(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 669.6 Q .532(xt as a v)
-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F
.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 549.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701
+144 681.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701
(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701
(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
-(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 561.6 Q F1
-(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 573.6 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 585.6 Q(xt before point.)
--.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 597.6 Q F0 .783
-(Insert all completions of the te)144 609.6 R .783
-(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
-.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144
-621.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 633.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144
-645.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629
-F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F
-1.193(possible completions.)144 657.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194
-(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829
-(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 669.6 R .828
-(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
-(\(subject to the setting of)144 681.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
-3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F
-.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227
-E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73
-(positions forw)144 693.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73
-(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1
-E(through the list.)144 705.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)
-5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E
-(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-(mber 26).15 E(49)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 693.6 Q F1
+(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 705.6 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q(xt before point.)
+-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(49)190.95 E 0 Cg
+EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(menu\255complete\255backward)108 84 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144 96 R F1
-(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82
+SF(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 84 Q F0 .783
+(Insert all completions of the te)144 96 R .783(xt before point that w)
+-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by)
+.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144 108 Q F0(.)A F1
+(menu\255complete)108 120 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144 132 R F1(complete)
+3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629 F .929
+(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.193
+(possible completions.)144 144 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194
+(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829
+(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 156 R .828
+(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
+(\(subject to the setting of)144 168 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227
+(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727
+(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E
+F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73
+(positions forw)144 180 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
+-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73
+(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1
+E(through the list.)144 192 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5
+E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)
+-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 204 Q F0 .82(Identical to)144
+216 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)
+-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82
(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1
-(menu\255complete)144 108 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan)
+(menu\255complete)144 228 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan)
.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1
-(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 120 Q F0 .234
-(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 132 R .234
+(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 240 Q F0 .234
+(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 252 R .234
(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734
-E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 144 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
+E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 264 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions)
2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144
-156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 168 Q F0
-(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 180 Q(xt before point.)-.15
-E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 192 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 204 Q
+276 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 288 Q F0
+(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 300 Q(xt before point.)-.15
+E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 312 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 324 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255user)108 216 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 228 Q
+(complete\255user)108 336 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 348 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user)
-108 240 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q
+108 360 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 372 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108
-264 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q
+384 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 396 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(possible\255v)108 288 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q
+(possible\255v)108 408 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 312 Q F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q
+(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 432 Q F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 336 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q
+(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 456 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 360 Q F0 .581
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 372 R .581
+(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 480 Q F0 .581
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 R .581
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58
-(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 384 R
+(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 504 R
.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F
-(\214nally e)144 396 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(\214nally e)144 516 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 408 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q
+(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 528 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 540 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 432 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 R .425
+(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 552 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 564 R .425
(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424
(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
-(for possible completion matches.)144 456 Q F1(dab)108 468 Q(br)-.1 E
+(for possible completion matches.)144 576 Q F1(dab)108 588 Q(br)-.1 E
-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61
-(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 480 R .611
+(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 600 R .611
(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611
(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
-(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 492 Q F1
-(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 504 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
+(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 612 Q F1
+(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 624 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\
-in braces so)144 516 R(the list is a)144 528 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+in braces so)144 636 R(the list is a)144 648 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 544.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
-E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 556.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
-.833 E F0(Be)144 568.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 664.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
+E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 676.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
+.833 E F0(Be)144 688.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 580.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
-(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 592.8 Q
+(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 700.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
+(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 712.8 Q
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1
-(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 604.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
-E F0(Re-e)144 616.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)
--.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\
- appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 628.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15
-E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 640.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E
-F0(Print the last k)144 652.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1
-(Miscellaneous)87 669.6 Q -.18(re)108 681.6 S<ad72>.18 E
-(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777
-(Read in the contents of the)144 693.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0
-1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776
-(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
-705.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 26)
-.15 E(50)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
+(2020 January 29)141.79 E(50)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(abort \(C\255g\))108 84 Q F0 3.248
-(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 96 R 5.749
-(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1
-(bell\255style)144 108 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 120 Q(wer)-.1 E
-(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739
-(If the meta\214ed character)144 132 R F2(x)4.239 E F0 1.739
+SF(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 84 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5 E
+F0(Re-e)144 96 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
+.999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro appea\
+r as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 108 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1
+(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 120 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0
+(Print the last k)144 132 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
+(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1
+(Miscellaneous)87 148.8 Q -.18(re)108 160.8 S<ad72>.18 E
+(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777
+(Read in the contents of the)144 172.8 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0
+1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776
+(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
+184.8 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 196.8 Q F0 3.248
+(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 208.8 R
+5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1
+(bell\255style)144 220.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 232.8 Q(wer)-.1 E
+(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)
+C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 244.8 R F2(x)
+4.239 E F0 1.739
(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239
-F(meta\214ed lo)144 144 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G(he beha)
--5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)2.5 E
-(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 156 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0
-(Metafy the ne)144 168 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1
-(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 180 Q F0
-(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 192 Q F1
--2.29 -.18(re v)108 204 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23
-(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 216 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F
+F(meta\214ed lo)144 256.8 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G
+(he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)
+2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 268.8 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0
+(Metafy the ne)144 280.8 Q(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1
+(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 292.8 Q F0
+(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 304.8 Q F1
+-2.29 -.18(re v)108 316.8 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 .23
+(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 328.8 R .231(This is lik)5.23 F
2.731(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-2.881 G .231(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)2.731 E F0
.231(command enough times to re-)2.731 F
-(turn the line to its initial state.)144 228 Q F1
-(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 240 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 252 Q
+(turn the line to its initial state.)144 340.8 Q F1
+(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 352.8 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 364.8 Q
(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1
-(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 264 Q F0
-(Set the mark to the point.)144 276 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
+(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 376.8 Q F0
+(Set the mark to the point.)144 388.8 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1
-(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 288 Q F0(Sw)144
-300 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
+(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 400.8 Q F0(Sw)
+144 412.8 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa)
-144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
-(character\255sear)108 324 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 336 S
-.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt)
-.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
+144 424.8 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
+(character\255sear)108 436.8 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144
+448.8 S .535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
+3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
-144 348 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 360 Q
-(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 372 S 1.044
+144 460.8 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 472.8 Q
+(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 484.8 S 1.044
(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044
(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 384 Q F1
-(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 396 Q F0 1.826
-(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 408 R 2.126 -.15(ey s)
--.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 420 R .791
-(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791
+(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 496.8 Q F1
+(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 508.8 Q F0 1.826
+(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 520.8 R 2.126 -.15
+(ey s)-.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)
+-.1 G 4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 532.8 R
+.791(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791
(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F
-.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 432 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831
-(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n)
--.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-)
--.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\
-y characters into the editing b)144 444 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)
--.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 456 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
+.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 544.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G
+2.831(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15
+(ve n)-.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F
+(xplic-)-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of insert\
+ing stray characters into the editing b)144 556.8 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E
+5.026(.T)-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 568.8 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108
-468 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 480 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v)
--.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0
--.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 492 Q .245
+580.8 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 592.8 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48
+(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1
+(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .481
+(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 604.8 Q .245
(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244
(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321
-(the characters at the be)144 504 R .321
+(the characters at the be)144 616.8 R .321
(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1
(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is)
--.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 516 R F1
+-.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 628.8 R F1
(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831
(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468
-(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 528 R 1.468
+(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 640.8 R 1.468
(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F
-1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 540 Q F0 .84
+1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 652.8 Q F0 .84
(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F
-(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 552 Q -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 564 Q
-(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 576 R .791
+(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 664.8 Q
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 676.8 Q
+(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 688.8 R .791
(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792
-(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 588
-R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\
-le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 600 Q(ord \(C\255x *\))
--.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 612 R .176
-(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176
-(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516
-(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 624 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
-(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516
-(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e)
-144 636 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
-108 648 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 660 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
-.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1
-(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F
-.872(the line is redra)144 672 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
-.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
-(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
-(ex)144 684 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 696 Q F0 .627
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 708 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
-.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar)
-5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 720 Q
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E F2(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-(mber 26).15 E(51)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144
+700.8 R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for \
+possible completions.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79
+E(51)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 52 52
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(dump\255v)108 84 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0 .762
-(Print all of the settable readline v)144 96 R .762
+SF(glob\255expand\255w)108 84 Q(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .176(The w)144
+96 R .176(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F
+.176(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516
+(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 108 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
+(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516
+(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e)
+144 120 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
+108 132 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 144 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
+.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1
+(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F
+.872(the line is redra)144 156 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
+.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
+(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
+(ex)144 168 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 180 Q F0 .627
+(Print all of the functions and their k)144 192 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
+.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar)
+5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E
+(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 204 Q
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
+2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 216 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
+.762(Print all of the settable readline v)144 228 R .762
(ariables and their v)-.25 F .763(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 108 R .109
+-.25 F .763(If a nu-)5.763 F .109(meric ar)144 240 R .109
(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .108
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(in-)
-2.608 E(putr)144 120 Q(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 132
-Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592(Print all of the readline k)144 144 R .892 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H .592(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F
-3.093(yo)-.15 G 3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093
-E(ar)144 156 Q .528
-(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(in-)2.608 E(putr)144 252 Q
+(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 264 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592
+(Print all of the readline k)144 276 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
+(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G
+3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 288 Q
+.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)144 168 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 180 Q
-(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 192 Q
+(\214le.)144 300 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 312 Q
+(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 324 Q
(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 208.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108
-220.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
+F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 340.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108
+352.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
-F2(compspec)108 232.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329
+F2(compspec)108 364.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329
(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829
F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the)
--.25 F(programmable completion f)108 244.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
+-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 376.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497
-(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 261.6 R .497
+(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 393.6 R .497
(If the command w)5.497 F .498
(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .234(the be)108
-273.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
+405.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to)
2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .233(If a comp-)
5.233 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \
-used to generate the list of possible completions)108 285.6 R .823
-(for the w)108 297.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F
+used to generate the list of possible completions)108 417.6 R .823
+(for the w)108 429.6 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823(the command w)3.323 F
.822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\
-ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 309.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\
+ed for)-.1 F 2.866(\214rst. If)108 441.6 R .367(no compspec is found fo\
r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\
-rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 321.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298
+rtion)2.866 F(follo)108 453.6 Q .299(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298
(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15
G .298(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.798 F F1<ad44>2.798 E F0 .056
-(option to)108 333.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def)
+(option to)108 465.6 R F1(complete)2.556 E F0 .056(is used as the def)
2.556 F 2.556(ault. If)-.1 F .056(there is no def)2.556 F .056
(ault compspec,)-.1 F F1(bash)2.556 E F0 .056(attempts alias e)2.556 F
-.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 345.6 R .332(ord as a \
+.057(xpansion on)-.15 F .333(the command w)108 477.6 R .332(ord as a \
\214nal resort, and attempts to \214nd a compspec for the command w)-.1
F .332(ord from an)-.1 F 2.832(ys)-.15 G(uc-)-2.832 E(cessful e)108
-357.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\
-d to generate the list of matching w)108 374.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F
-3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 386.4 Q
+489.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E .817(Once a compspec has been found, it is use\
+d to generate the list of matching w)108 506.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F
+3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 518.4 Q
(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15
(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .464
-(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 403.2 R
+(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 535.2 R
.463(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .463(ed by the w)-.15 F
-.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 415.2 R .595
+.463(ord being)-.1 F .595(completed are returned.)108 547.2 R .595
(When the)5.595 F F1<ad66>3.095 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .596
(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F
-(shell v)108 427.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
-(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 444 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
+(shell v)108 559.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
+(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 576 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584
(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584
-(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 456 S
+(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 588 S
.554(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .555
(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.555 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.055 E F0 .555
(shell v)2.805 F(ari-)-.25 E
-(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 468 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
-(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 484.8 Q
+(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 600 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
+(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 616.8 Q
.321(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .321(gument to the)-.18
F F1<ad57>2.821 E F0 .32(option is considered.)2.821 F .32
(The string is \214rst split using the)5.32 F .412(characters in the)108
-496.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412
+628.8 R F3(IFS)2.912 E F0 .412(special v)2.662 F .412
(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F
.413(Each w)5.412 F .413(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .092
-(using brace e)108 508.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
+(using brace e)108 640.8 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .091
(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.396(metic e)108
-520.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
+652.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108
-532.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21
+664.8 Q .51 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.71 G .21
(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.21(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.21 F .209
(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .209(ainst the w)-.05 F .209
-(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 544.8 Q
+(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 676.8 Q
(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E .233
-(After these matches ha)108 561.6 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233
+(After these matches ha)108 693.6 R .533 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .233
(een generated, an).15 F 2.733(ys)-.15 G .234
(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-2.733 F F1<ad46>2.734 E
F0(and)2.734 E F1<ad43>2.734 E F0(op-)2.734 E 4.209(tions is in)108
-573.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.709(d. When).1 F 4.208
+705.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 6.709(d. When).1 F 4.208
(the command or function is in)6.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 4.208
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-(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 189.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0
-(Refer to command line)144 189.6 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108
-201.6 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 201.6 Q F2(n)
-2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 213.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 213.6 Q
+(iltin\).).2 E F1(!)108 331.2 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0
+(Refer to command line)144 331.2 Q F2(n)2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1<21ad>108
+343.2 Q F2(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)144 343.2 Q F2(n)
+2.86 E F0(.).24 E F1(!!)108 355.2 Q F0(Refer to the pre)144 355.2 Q
(vious command.)-.25 E(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F1(!)
-108 225.6 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\
-ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 225.6 R
-F2(string)144.34 237.6 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 249.6 Q F2(string)A F1
+108 367.2 Q F2(string)A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preced\
+ing the current position in the history list starting with)144 367.2 R
+F2(string)144.34 379.2 Q F0(.).22 E F1(!?)108 391.2 Q F2(string)A F1
([?])A F0 1.503(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current \
-position in the history list containing)144 261.6 R F2(string)144.34
-273.6 Q F0 5.497(.T).22 G .497(he trailing)-5.497 F F1(?)2.997 E F0 .497
+position in the history list containing)144 403.2 R F2(string)144.34
+415.2 Q F0 5.497(.T).22 G .497(he trailing)-5.497 F F1(?)2.997 E F0 .497
(may be omitted if)2.997 F F2(string)3.337 E F0 .496(is follo)3.216 F
.496(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 F 2.996(wline. If)-.25 F F2(string)
2.996 E F0(is)2.996 E .39(missing, the string from the most recent sear\
-ch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 285.6 R .391
-(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 297.6 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108
-314.6 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .753
-(Quick substitution.)144 321.6 R .753(Repeat the pre)5.753 F .753
+ch is used; it is an error if there is no pre)144 427.2 R .391
+(vious search)-.25 F(string.)144 439.2 Q/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108
+456.2 Q F2(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .753
+(Quick substitution.)144 463.2 R .753(Repeat the pre)5.753 F .753
(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F2(string1)3.593 E F0(with)3.253 E F2
(string2)3.592 E F0 5.752(.E).02 G(qui)-5.752 E -.25(va)-.25 G .752
-(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 333.6 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5
+(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 475.2 S(!!:s).74 E/F4 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(^)5
I F2(string1)-5 I F4(^)5 I F2(string2)-5 I F4(^)5 I F0 1.48 -.74('' \()
-5 L(see).74 E F1(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(!#)108
-345.6 Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 345.6 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)
--.55 E F1 -.75(Wo)87 362.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 374.4 S
+487.2 Q F0(The entire command line typed so f)144 487.2 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)
+-.55 E F1 -.75(Wo)87 504 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 516 S
1.313(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314
(ords from the e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F1(:)3.814 E F0
1.314(separates the e)3.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.314(nt speci\214cation)
-.15 F .53(from the w)108 386.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55
-G 3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529
+.15 F .53(from the w)108 528 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G
+3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529
(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F1(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F1
($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r)
-3.029 E F1(%)3.029 E F0 5.529(.W)C(ords)-6.329 E .515
-(are numbered from the be)108 398.4 R .516
+(are numbered from the be)108 540 R .516
(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F .516
(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)5.516 G .516(rds are in-)
-.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 410.4
-Q F1 2.5(0\()108 427.2 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 439.2
-Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E
-F2(n)108.36 451.2 Q F0(The)144 451.2 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E
-F1(^)108 463.2 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 463.2 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F
-(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 475.2 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 475.2
+.8 F(serted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 552 Q
+F1 2.5(0\()108 568.8 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 580.8 Q
+2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E
+F2(n)108.36 592.8 Q F0(The)144 592.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E
+F1(^)108 604.8 Q F0(The \214rst ar)144 604.8 Q 2.5(gument. That)-.18 F
+(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 616.8 Q F0 .064(The last w)144 616.8
R 2.564(ord. This)-.1 F .064(is usually the last ar)2.564 F .064
(gument, b)-.18 F .064(ut will e)-.2 F .064(xpand to the zeroth w)-.15 F
-.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 487.2 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E
-F1(%)108 499.2 Q F0 1.419(The \214rst w)144 499.2 R 1.419
+.063(ord if there is only)-.1 F(one w)144 628.8 Q(ord in the line.)-.1 E
+F1(%)108 640.8 Q F0 1.419(The \214rst w)144 640.8 R 1.419
(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 F F2(string)A F0 1.42
(?' search, if the search string be)B 1.42(gins with a)-.15 F
-(character that is part of a w)144 511.2 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 523.2
-Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)144 523.2 S(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1
+(character that is part of a w)144 652.8 Q(ord.)-.1 E F2(x)108.77 664.8
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E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1
-(*)108 535.2 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 535.2 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316
+(*)108 676.8 Q F0 .316(All of the w)144 676.8 R .316(ords b)-.1 F .316
(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F
F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)
-2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 547.2 Q(ord in the e)
+2.815 E F0 .315(if there is)2.815 F(just one w)144 688.8 Q(ord in the e)
-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15
-E F1(x*)108 559.2 Q F0(Abbre)144 559.2 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E
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2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)
-2.7 E 2.5(ord. If)-.1 F F1(x)2.5 E F0(is missing, it def)2.5 E
-(aults to 0.)-.1 E(If a w)108 588 Q
+(aults to 0.)-.1 E(If a w)108 729.6 Q
(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 604.8 Q F0 .183
-(After the optional w)108 616.8 R .183(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4
-G .184(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F
-.184(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 628.8 Q
+-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E
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+(ord designator)-.1 F 2.683(,t)-.4 G .184
+(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.683 F .184
+(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 108 Q
(These modify)5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G 2.5(re)-2.5 G(dit, the w)-2.5 E
(ord or w)-.1 E(ords selected from the history e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 645.6 Q F0(Remo)144 645.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
+(nt.).15 E F1(h)108 124.8 Q F0(Remo)144 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t)
-108 657.6 Q F0(Remo)144 657.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
+108 136.8 Q F0(Remo)144 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r)
-108 669.6 Q F0(Remo)144 669.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
-(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E
-(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 681.6 Q F0(Remo)144 681.6 Q .3 -.15
-(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108
-693.6 Q F0(Print the ne)144 693.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E
-(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 705.6 Q F0
-(Quote the substituted w)144 705.6 Q
-(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 717.6 Q F0 .386
-(Quote the substituted w)144 717.6 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.886
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+(ea)-2.5 E(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 160.8 Q F0(Remo)144 160.8 Q
+.3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E
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+E(ut do not e)-.2 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 184.8 Q F0
+(Quote the substituted w)144 184.8 Q
+(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 196.8 Q F0 .386
+(Quote the substituted w)144 196.8 R .386(ords as with)-.1 F F1(q)2.886
E F0 2.886(,b)C .386(ut break into w)-3.086 F .385(ords at)-.1 F F1
(blanks)2.885 E F0 .385(and ne)2.885 F 2.885(wlines. The)-.25 F F1(q)
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-(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)
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-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(s/)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1
-(/)A F0(Substitute)144 96 Q F2(ne)3.328 E(w)-.15 E F0 .469
-(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.278 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469(in the e)
-3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969(yc)-.15 G
-.469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .954(delimiter in place of /.)
-144 108 R .953
+208.8 Q(xclusi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(;t).15 G
+(he last one supplied is used.)-2.5 E F1(s/)108 220.8 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A
+F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 232.8 Q F2(ne)3.328 E(w)-.15 E
+F0 .469(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.278 F F2(old)3.199 E F0 .469
+(in the e)3.739 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .469(nt line.).15 F(An)5.469 E 2.969
+(yc)-.15 G .469(haracter may be used as the)-2.969 F .954
+(delimiter in place of /.)144 244.8 R .953
(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)
5.953 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .953(nt line.).15 F .131
-(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 120 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401 E
-F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131
+(The delimiter may be quoted in)144 256.8 R F2(old)2.861 E F0(and)3.401
+E F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 .131(with a single backslash.)2.941 F .131
(If & appears in)5.131 F F2(ne)2.991 E(w)-.15 E F0 2.631(,i).31 G 2.631
-(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .62(placed by)144 132 R F2
+(ti)-2.631 G 2.631(sr)-2.631 G(e-)-2.631 E .62(placed by)144 268.8 R F2
(old)3.349 E F0 5.619(.A).77 G .619(single backslash will quote the &.)
-2.5 F(If)5.619 E F2(old)3.349 E F0 .619(is null, it is set to the last)
-3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.889 E .486(tuted, or)144 144 R 2.986
-(,i)-.4 G 2.986(fn)-2.986 G 2.986(op)-2.986 G(re)-2.986 E .486
+3.889 F F2(old)3.349 E F0(substi-)3.889 E .486(tuted, or)144 280.8 R
+2.986(,i)-.4 G 2.986(fn)-2.986 G 2.986(op)-2.986 G(re)-2.986 E .486
(vious history substitutions took place, the last)-.25 F F2(string)3.326
E F0 .487(in a)3.206 F F1(!?)2.987 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0 2.987
-(search. If)5.487 F F2(ne)144.36 156 Q(w)-.15 E F0
+(search. If)5.487 F F2(ne)144.36 292.8 Q(w)-.15 E F0
(is null, each matching)2.81 E F2(old)2.73 E F0(is deleted.)3.27 E F1(&)
-108 168 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 168 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g)
-108 180 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 180 R -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.)
-.15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.897
-('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 192 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)
--.15 E F1(/)A F0 .35('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.85('. If)B .35(used with `)
-2.85 F F1(:s)A F0 .35(', an)B 2.85(yd)-.15 G .351
+108 304.8 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 304.8 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1
+(g)108 316.8 Q F0 .398(Cause changes to be applied o)144 316.8 R -.15
+(ve)-.15 G 2.898(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.898 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398
+(nt line.).15 F .397(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A
+F0 2.897('\()C(e.g.,)-2.897 E(`)144 328.8 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2
+(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0 .35('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 2.85('. If)B .35
+(used with `)2.85 F F1(:s)A F0 .35(', an)B 2.85(yd)-.15 G .351
(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal de-)-2.85 F
-(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 204 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0(may be used as a synon)
-2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108 216 Q F0(Apply the follo)
-144 216 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C 2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0
-2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25
-G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 232.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E
-(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 244.8
-R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\
-receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 256.8 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F1<adad>3.077 E F0
-.577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E
-F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E
+(limiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 340.8 Q
+-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E(An)5 E F1(a)2.5 E F0
+(may be used as a synon)2.5 E(ym for)-.15 E F1(g)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(G)108
+352.8 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 352.8 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('o)C
+2.5(r`)-2.5 G F1(&)-2.5 E F0 2.5('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E
+(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0
+SF(SHELL B)72 369.6 Q(UIL)-.11 E(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063
+(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 381.6 R .062(uiltin command documen\
+ted in this section as accepting options preceded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108
+393.6 Q F0(accepts)3.077 E F1<adad>3.077 E F0 .577
+(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E F0
+(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E
F1(test)3.077 E F0(/)A F1([)A F0 -.2(bu)3.077 G .577
-(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 268.8 R F1
+(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 405.6 R F1
<adad>2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit)
2.961 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.961 E F0(,)A F1 -.18(re)2.961 G(tur).18 E(n)
-.15 E F0(,)A F1(br)2.961 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.961 E F0(,)A
F1(let)2.961 E F0 2.961(,a)C(nd)-2.961 E F1(shift)2.961 E F0 -.2(bu)
-2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 280.8 R .26
+2.961 G .461(iltins accept and).2 F .26(process ar)108 417.6 R .26
(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.76 E F0 .261
(without requiring)2.76 F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)
-5.261 F .261(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .261(guments b)-.18 F .261
(ut are not)-.2 F 1.154(speci\214ed as accepting options interpret ar)
-108
292.8 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>
+108
429.6 R 1.154(guments be)-.18 F 1.154(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>
3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154
(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.654 E F0(to)3.654 E(pre)108
-304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 322.8 Q F0
-([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 334.8 R .451
+441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 459.6 Q F0
+([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 471.6 R .451
(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding)
-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)3.222 F
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1<ad76>2.675 E
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--.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087
-F F2<ad56>144 405.6 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249
-(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F
2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
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2<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25
-(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 417.6 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1
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+(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F
1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
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1<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25
+(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 554.4 R F2(command)3.705 E F0 -.1
(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004
-(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1
-(command)144.2 429.6 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599
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+(command)144.2 566.4 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599
(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599
-(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 441.6 S
-(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F2
-(compgen)108 458.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d)
--.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 470.4 R
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+(xit status of the)-.15 F F1(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 578.4 S
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E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981
-(accepted by the)144 482.4 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
-(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F
2<ad70>3.481 E F0(and)
-3.481 E F
2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the)
--3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 494.4 R .131(When using the)5.131 F
-F
2<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F2<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)
+(accepted by the)144 619.2 R F1(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
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1<ad70>3.481 E F0(and)
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1<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the)
+-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 631.2 R .131(When using the)5.131 F
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1<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F1<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)
2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25
-F(mable completion f)144 506.4 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G
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-E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 530.4 R .352
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(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\
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-(options are supplied, e)144 643.2 R .139
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(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144
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-(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 727.2 R
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<ad49>2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15 G(ther)
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(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F
-(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 120 Q .152
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(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
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+288 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 300
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(ve t)-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)
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-(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 240 Q F2
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-F1(job)184 132 Q F0(Job names, if job control is acti)224 132 Q -.15(ve)
--.25 G 5(.M).15 G(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
--.1(ke)184 144 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 156 Q(ed w)-.15 E
-2.5(ords. May)-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(running)184 168 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224
-168 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 180 Q(vice)-.1 E F0
-(Service names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 192 Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 192 S(lid ar)1.11 E
-(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5
-E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(shopt)184 204 Q F0
-(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 204 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 216 Q F0(Signal names.)224 216 Q F1
-(stopped)184 228 Q F0(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224
-228 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(user)184 240 Q F0(User names.)224 240 Q
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 252 S
-(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 252 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
-(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 264 Q/F3
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 276 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556
+SF(command)184 84 Q F0(Command names.)224 96 Q
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dir)184 108 Q
+(ectory)-.18 E F0(Directory names.)224 120 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)
+5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 132 Q F0
+(Names of disabled shell b)224 144 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184 156 Q
+F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 156 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184 168 Q
+F0(Names of e)224 168 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
+(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184 180 Q
+F0(File names.)224 180 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0
+(.)A F1(function)184 192 Q F0(Names of shell functions.)224 204 Q F1(gr)
+184 216 Q(oup)-.18 E F0(Group names.)224 216 Q
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184
+228 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 240 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(hostname)184 252 Q F0(Hostnames, as tak)224 264
+Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 276 Q F0
+(Job names, if job control is acti)224 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
+(ay also be speci\214ed as)-5 E F1<ad6a>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ke)184 288 S
+(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Shell reserv)224 300 Q(ed w)-.15 E 2.5(ords. May)
+-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184
+312 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)224 312 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 324 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)224 324
+Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad73>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(setopt)184 336
+Q F0 -1.11(Va)224 336 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5
+E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1
+(shopt)184 348 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)224 348 Q F1
+(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 360 Q F0
+(Signal names.)224 360 Q F1(stopped)184 372 Q F0
+(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)224 372 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(.).15 E F1(user)184 384 Q F0(User names.)224 384 Q
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 396 S
+(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)224 396 Q 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
+(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 408 Q/F3
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 420 Q F0 1.056(is e)3.556
F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
-184 288 Q F1<ad46>144 300 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113
-(The shell function)184 312 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
+184 432 Q F1<ad46>144 444 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 .113
+(The shell function)184 456 R F3(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .114(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 2.614
-(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 324 R
+(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 468 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1
($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816
(he name of the command whose ar)-3.316 F(guments)-.18 E 1.407
-(are being completed, the second ar)184 336 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
+(are being completed, the second ar)184 480 R 1.407(gument \()-.18 F F1
($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 348 R .104
+(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 492 R .104
(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w)
-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103
-(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 360 R
+(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 504 R
.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the)
--.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 372 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-F1<ad47>144 384 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 396 R
+-.25 F F2(COMPREPL)184 516 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E
+F1<ad47>144 528 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 540 R
1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F
-1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 408 Q
-F1<ad50>144 420 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 432 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
+1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 552 Q
+F1<ad50>144 564 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 576 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 444 Q F1<ad53>144 456 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
-<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 456 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 588 Q F1<ad53>144 600 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
+<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 600 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 468 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 480 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
+E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 612 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
+(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 624 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139
(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98
-(each resultant w)184 492 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
+(each resultant w)184 636 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F3(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0
-3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 504 Q .766
+3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 648 Q .766
(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765
(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25
-(va)184 516 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
+(va)184 660 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F2(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
A F0 1.964
(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which)
-6.464 F(match the w)184 528 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 540
-Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 552 Q F0 .456
+6.464 F(match the w)184 672 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 684
+Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 696 Q F0 .456
(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 564 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 576 Q F3(\214lterpat)
+(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 708 R 1.596
+(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 720 Q F3(\214lterpat)
3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 588 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
-(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 604.8 R .466
-(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
-(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
-(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
-(plied without a)144 616.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
-(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
-1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 628.8 Q F0
-(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
+(tes the pattern;).05 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E
+(60)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(in this case, an)
+184 84 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E/F1 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.)
+.15 E .466(The return v)144 100.8 R .466(alue is true unless an in)-.25
+F -.25(va)-.4 G .466(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F
+/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>2.967 E F0(or)2.967 E F2<ad72>2.967 E F0
+.467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362(plied without a)144 112.8 R F1(name)3.862 E
+F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15
+(ve a c)-.15 H 1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F1(name)144
+124.8 Q F0(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
-F1(compopt)108 645.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F1(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
-F3(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 657.6
-R F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0
+F2(compopt)108 141.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad6f>A F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F2(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o)-2.5 E F1(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F1(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 153.6
+R F1(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F1(option)2.947 E F0
.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
-(completion if no)144 669.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
-(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
+(completion if no)144 165.6 R F1(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
+(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F1(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 681.6 Q F3(name)
+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 177.6 Q F1(name)
3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
-5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 693.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F1(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
+F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F2(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 189.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
--5.178 E F
1<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178
+-5.178 E F
2<ad44>2.678 E F0 .178
(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F
-1.227(the `)144 705.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
+1.227(the `)144 201.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \
-no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 717.6 R 2.039
-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F
1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.038
+no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 213.6 R 2.039
+(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F
2<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.038
(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538
-(should apply to `)144 729.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539
+(should apply to `)144 225.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)
--4.038 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 26)
-.15 E(60)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(The)144 84 Q/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that other supplie\
-d options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02 F .867
-(assignment w)144 96 R .868
-(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368
-E F0(or)3.368 E F1(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-)
--3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 108 Q .432(The return v)144 132 R
+-4.038 F(The)144 237.6 Q F2<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\
+her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02
+F .867(assignment w)144 249.6 R .868
+(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F2(;)3.368
+E F0(or)3.368 E F2(|)3.368 E F0 3.368(,w)C .868(hich is usually com-)
+-3.368 F(mand name completion.)144 261.6 Q .432(The return v)144 285.6 R
.431(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .431
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the op-).25 F
-(tions for a)144 144 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0
+(tions for a)144 297.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
-(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 160.8 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 172.8 R .85
-(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
-F1(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F1(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F1
-(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F2(n)3.711 E F0 .851
-(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 184.8 R F2(n)2.704 E
-F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10
-/Symbol SF<b3>2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F2(n)3.063 E F0 .203
+(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F2(continue)108 314.4 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .85(Resume the ne)144 326.4 R .85
+(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)3.35 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
+F2(while)3.351 E F0(,)A F2(until)3.351 E F0 3.351(,o)C(r)-3.351 E F2
+(select)3.351 E F0 3.351(loop. If)3.351 F F1(n)3.711 E F0 .851
+(is speci\214ed, re-)3.591 F .204(sume at the)144 338.4 R F1(n)2.704 E
+F0 .204(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)5.564 E F0 .204(must be)2.944 F/F3 10
+/Symbol SF<b3>2.704 E F0 2.703(1. If)2.704 F F1(n)3.063 E F0 .203
(is greater than the number of enclosing loops,)2.943 F 1.183
-(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 196.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25
+(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 350.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25
G(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184
-(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
-1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 208.8 Q F1(declar)
-108 225.6 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E F1(typeset)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0
-2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0
-2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 249.6 R 1.265
+(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.684 E F0
+1.184(is not)3.684 F(greater than or equal to 1.)144 362.4 Q F2(declar)
+108 379.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
+<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
+(..])-2.5 E F2(typeset)108 391.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilnrtux)A F0
+2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0
+2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E 1.265(Declare v)144 403.2 R 1.265
(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.565 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.265(hem attrib).15 F
-3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265
+3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265
(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.764(nt).15 G 1.264(hen display the v)
--3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 261.6 S 3.46(riables. The).25
-F F
1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96
-(utes and v)-.2 F .96(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.82 E F0 5.96(.W).18
-G(hen)-5.96 E F1<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(is used)3.46 F(with)144 273.6 Q F2
+-3.764 F 1.264(alues of)-.25 F -.25(va)144 415.2 S 3.46(riables. The).25
+F F
2<ad70>3.46 E F0 .96(option will display the attrib)3.46 F .96
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4.362 E F0 .122(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H
-2.622(obs. If).15 F F1(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932
-F .096(neither the)144
362.4 R F2<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F
-F2<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F1(curr)2.596 E
-.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F2
+2.622(obs. If).15 F F2(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932
+F .096(neither the)144
511.2 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F
+F1<ad72>2.596 E F0 .096(option is supplied, the)2.596 F F2(curr)2.596 E
+.096(ent job)-.37 F F0 .096(is used.)2.596 F .096(If the)5.096 F F1
<ad68>2.596 E F0 .096(option is gi)2.596 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .096(n, each)
-.15 F F1(jobspec)145.74 374.4 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15
+.15 F F2(jobspec)145.74 523.2 Q F0 .585(is not remo)3.395 F -.15(ve)-.15
G 3.085(df).15 G .585(rom the table, b)-3.085 F .585(ut is mark)-.2 F
-.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586
-(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 386.4 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F3(SIGHUP)A/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962
-(If no)5.462 F F1(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F2
+.585(ed so that)-.1 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGHUP)3.085 E F0 .586
+(is not sent to the job if the)2.835 F .962(shell recei)144 535.2 R -.15
+(ve)-.25 G 3.462(sa).15 G F4(SIGHUP)A/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .962
+(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1
<ad61>3.462 E F0 .962(option means to remo)3.462 F 1.262 -.15(ve o)-.15
-H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 398.4 R F2
-<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F1(jobspec)5.598 E F0
+H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 547.2 R F1
+<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0
(ar)4.169 E 1.359(gument restricts operation to running jobs.)-.18 F
-1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 410.4 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F1
+1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 559.2 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2
(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E
-F2(echo)108 427.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)
--.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 439.2 R F1(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E
-F0 .424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924
+F1(echo)108 576 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)
+-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 588 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E F0
+.424(s, separated by spaces, follo)B .424(wed by a ne)-.25 F 2.924
(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .307
-(error occurs.)144
451.2 R(If)5.307 E F2<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307
+(error occurs.)144
600 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307
(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25
-F .308(If the)5.308 F F
2<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15
+F .308(If the)5.308 F F
1<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144
-463.2 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)
-5.198 E F
2<ad45>2.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067
-(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 475.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+612 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)
+5.198 E F
1<ad45>2.698 E F0 .197(option disables the in-)2.697 F .067
+(terpretation of these escape characters, e)144 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
2.567(no).15 G 2.567(ns)-2.567 G .067(ystems where the)-2.567 F 2.567
-(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F2
-(xpg_echo)144 487.2 Q F0 .602
+(ya)-.15 G .067(re interpreted by def)-2.567 F 2.568(ault. The)-.1 F F1
+(xpg_echo)144 636 Q F0 .602
(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102
-F F2(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658
-(escape characters by def)144 499.2 R(ault.)-.1 E F2(echo)5.658 E F0
-.659(does not interpret)3.159 F F2<adad>3.159 E F0 .659
-(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F2(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-)
--.2 E(prets the follo)144 511.2 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F2(\\a)
-144 523.2 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 523.2 Q F2(\\b)144 535.2 Q F0
-(backspace)180 535.2 Q F2(\\c)144 547.2 Q F0(suppress further output)180
-547.2 Q F2(\\e)144 559.2 Q(\\E)144 571.2 Q F0(an escape character)180
-571.2 Q F2(\\f)144 583.2 Q F0(form feed)180 583.2 Q F2(\\n)144 595.2 Q
-F0(ne)180 595.2 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F2(\\r)144 607.2 Q F0
-(carriage return)180 607.2 Q F2(\\t)144 619.2 Q F0(horizontal tab)180
-619.2 Q F2(\\v)144 631.2 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 631.2 S(rtical tab).15 E F2
-(\\\\)144 643.2 Q F0(backslash)180 643.2 Q F2(\\0)144 655.2 Q F1(nnn)A
-F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 655.2 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25
-E(alue)-.25 E F1(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F2
-(\\x)144 667.2 Q F1(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 667.2 Q
-(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F1(HH)2.5 E F0
-(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F2
-(\\u)144 679.2 Q F1(HHHH)A F0 1.507
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 691.2 R 1.506
-(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F1(HHHH)
-4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 703.2 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E
-(62)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658
+(escape characters by def)144 648 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.658 E F0 .659
+(does not interpret)3.159 F F1<adad>3.159 E F0 .659
+(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-)
+-.2 E(prets the follo)144 660 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144
+672 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 672 Q F1(\\b)144 684 Q F0(backspace)180 684
+Q F1(\\c)144 696 Q F0(suppress further output)180 696 Q F1(\\e)144 708 Q
+F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(62)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 63 63
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(\\U)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 96 R .547
+SF(\\E)144 84 Q F0(an escape character)180 84 Q F1(\\f)144 96 Q F0
+(form feed)180 96 Q F1(\\n)144 108 Q F0(ne)180 108 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)
+-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 120 Q F0(carriage return)180 120 Q F1(\\t)144 132 Q F0
+(horizontal tab)180 132 Q F1(\\v)144 144 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 144 S
+(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 156 Q F0(backslash)180 156 Q F1(\\0)144
+168 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)
+180 168 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
+(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 180 Q F2(HH)A F0
+(the eight-bit character whose v)180 180 Q(alue is the he)-.25 E
+(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
+-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 192 Q F2(HHHH)A F0
+1.507(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 204 R 1.506
+(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)
+4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 216 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
+(\\U)144 228 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547
+(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 240 R .547
(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)
-3.048 E(HHH)180 108 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
--2.5 E F1(enable)108
124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+3.048 E(HHH)180 252 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))
+-2.5 E F1(enable)108
268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 136.8 R
+(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 280.8 R
.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278
(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833
-(the same name as a shell b)144 148.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
+(the same name as a shell b)144 292.8 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99
-(the shell normally searches for b)144 160.8 R .989
+(the shell normally searches for b)144 304.8 R .989
(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989
(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F .648
-(abled; otherwise,)144 172.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)
+(abled; otherwise,)144 316.8 R F2(names)3.148 E F0 .648(are enabled.)
3.148 F -.15(Fo)5.648 G 3.148(re).15 G .648(xample, to use the)-3.298 F
F1(test)3.148 E F0 .648(binary found via the)3.148 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
SF -.666(PA)3.148 G(TH)-.189 E F0(in-)2.899 E .539(stead of the shell b)
-144 184.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0
+144 328.8 R .538(uiltin v)-.2 F .538(ersion, run)-.15 F/F4 10/Courier@0
SF .538(enable -n test)3.038 F F0 5.538(.T)C(he)-5.538 E F1<ad66>3.038 E
-F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 196.8 S
+F0 .538(option means to load the ne)3.038 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 340.8 S
1.365(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.225 E F0 1.365(from shared object)
4.045 F F2(\214lename)5.775 E F0 3.865(,o).18 G 3.865(ns)-3.865 G 1.365
-(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F(The)144
208.8 Q F1<ad64>
+(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-3.865 F(The)144
352.8 Q F1<ad64>
2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F
.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn)
-5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi)
--.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144
220.8 R F1<ad70>
+-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .366(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144
364.8 R F1<ad70>
2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399
(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4
F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144
-
232.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098
+
376.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098
(is supplied, only disabled b)2.598 F .098(uiltins are printed.)-.2 F
(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 .905
-(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 244.8 R .905
+(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 388.8 R .905
(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is en-)-.2 F 2.873
-(abled. If)144
256.8 R F1<ad73>2.873 E F0 .372
+(abled. If)144
400.8 R F1<ad73>2.873 E F0 .372
(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.873 F F2(special)
2.872 E F0 -.2(bu)2.872 G 2.872(iltins. The).2 F .372(return v)2.872 F
-.372(alue is)-.25 F 2.5(0u)144 268.8 S(nless a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
+.372(alue is)-.25 F 2.5(0u)144 412.8 S(nless a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
(is not a shell b)2.68 E(uiltin or there is an error loading a ne)-.2 E
2.5(wb)-.25 G(uiltin from a shared object.)-2.7 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)108
-285.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 297.6
+429.6 T(l).15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 441.6
Q F2(ar)3.17 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.17(sa)C .671
(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671
-(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 309.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 453.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.479(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .479
(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .478(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
(ev a)2.978 H(l).15 E F0 5.478(.I)C 2.978(ft)-5.478 G .478(here are no)
--2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 321.6 Q
+-2.978 F F2(ar)3.308 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 465.6 Q
(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1
-(exec)108
338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
+(exec)108
482.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)
--.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 350.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305
+-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 494.4 Q F2(command)3.005 E F0 .305
(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 362.4 R .177
+(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 506.4 R .177
(guments to)-.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G
(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176
-(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 374.4 R .48(gument passed to)
+(ginning of)-.15 F .48(the zeroth ar)144 518.4 R .48(gument passed to)
-.18 F F2(command)3.18 E F0 5.48(.T).77 G .48(his is what)-5.48 F F2(lo)
3.07 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .48(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.48 E F1<ad63>2.98 E F0
-.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 386.4 Q F0 .639
+.48(option causes)2.98 F F2(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 530.4 Q F0 .639
(to be e)3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the)
-3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 398.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
+3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 542.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0
1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a)
-.15 F(non-interacti)144 410.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F
+.15 F(non-interacti)144 554.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F
.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577
(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577
-F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 422.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)
+F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 566.4 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)
-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1
F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82
-(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 434.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0
+(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 578.4 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0
-.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288
(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak)
-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,)
-.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 446.4 Q
+.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 590.4 Q
(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G
-(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 463.2 R .095(xit with a status of)
+(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 607.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 607.2 R .095(xit with a status of)
-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096
(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command)
--.15 F -.15(exe)144 475.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5
+-.15 F -.15(exe)144 619.2 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E F3(EXIT)2.5
E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E
-F1(export)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5
-E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 504 Q F0
-.257(The supplied)144 516 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F
+F1(export)108 636 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5
+E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(]] ...)A F1(export \255p)108 648 Q F0
+.257(The supplied)144 660 R F2(names)3.117 E F0 .257(are mark)3.027 F
.257(ed for automatic e)-.1 F .257(xport to the en)-.15 F .257
(vironment of subsequently e)-.4 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.626
-(commands. If)144
528 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127
+(commands. If)144
672 R(the)2.626 E F1<ad66>2.626 E F0 .127
(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2(names)2.987 E
F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2(names)2.987 E
F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>
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(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is)
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F F1<ad66>2.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0
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4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431
(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144
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Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
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5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
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(vi)4.171 E F0 .005(is used.)4.171 F .005
(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and e)5.005 F
-(x-)-.15 E(ecuted.)144 120 Q .789(In the second form,)144 144 R F1
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(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
-(cuted after each instance of).15 F F1(pat)3.288 E F0 .788
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2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172
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-(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 228 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787
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(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
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(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144
-240 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F1(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135
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(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363
-(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 316.8 Q
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-(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1
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--.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 369.6 Q .579
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(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578
(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636
-(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 381.6 R .636
-(Each time it is in)5.636 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F4(getopts)
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3.136 E F0 .636(places the ne)3.136 F .636(xt op-)-.15 F .03
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2.71 F .029(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 2.529(xo)-.15 G 2.529(ft)-2.529 G
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(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39
-(between multiple calls to)144 441.6 R F4(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39
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-Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 477.6 R F4(getopts)
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4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044
-(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F2(OPTIND)144 489.6 Q F0
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(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
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+(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
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(normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485
-(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F1(ar)3.315 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 525.6 Q F4(getopts)2.5 E
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(can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F
-.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F1(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345
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-(porting is used.)144 561.6 R 1.668
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(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F
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-573.6 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F
-(ariable)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394
-(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 585.6 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E
-F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 609.6 R
--.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F4(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667
-(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666
-(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144
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-E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F2
-(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F
-(diagnostic message is printed.)144 633.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144
-657.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F4(getopts)3.741 E F0
-1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F4(?).833 E F0 3.741
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-669.6 Q F0(,).18 E F2(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213
-(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F4
-(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F4(:).833 E
-F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 681.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F2
-(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F4
-(getopts)144 705.6 Q F0 .902
-(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.)
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-EP
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-(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 172.8 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5
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+(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 333.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5
(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
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-(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 184.8 Q F2
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208.8 Q F2<ad70>
-144 220.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 220.8 Q 2.5(sp)
--.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad72>144 232.8 Q F0
-(Display only running jobs.)180 232.8 Q F2<ad73>144 244.8 Q F0
-(Display only stopped jobs.)180 244.8 Q(If)144 261.6 Q F1(jobspec)4.554
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 345.6 Q F0
+(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 345.6 Q F1
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369.6 Q F1<ad70>
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+(Display only running jobs.)180 393.6 Q F1<ad73>144 405.6 Q F0
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E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T)
--.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 273.6 Q -.25
+-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 434.4 Q -.25
(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
-E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 290.4 R F2
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--.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar)
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.18 F F2<ad6c>2.814 E F0 .314(is gi)2.814 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
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403.2 R F2<ad6c>3.299 E F0 .799
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564 R F1<ad6c>3.299 E F0 .799
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+-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 398.4 Q F0(Adds)180 398.4 Q F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288
(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc)
-.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F
-(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 256.8 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1
-(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 273.6 R F1(pushd)
+(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 410.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1
+(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 427.2 R F1(pushd)
2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488
(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F
-F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 285.6 R F2(dir)
+F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 439.2 R F2(dir)
3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4
F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846
-(stack is empty)144 297.6 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\
+(stack is empty)144 451.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\
directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)
--.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 309.6 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5
-E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 338.4 R .845
+-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 463.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5
+E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
+(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 492 R .845
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
-350.4 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
-.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
-(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264
-
(enabled. If)144 362.4 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
+504 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181
+(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set)
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+
144 516 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
F .763(The return)5.763 F .405(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
- reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 374.4 R -.25(va)
--.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 386.4 Q F1 -.18(re)108
-
403.2 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817
+ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 528 R -.25(va)
+-.4 G .405(lid op-).25 F(tion is supplied.)144 540 Q F1 -.18(re)108
+
556.8 S(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817
E F2(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0
3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1
<ad6e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e>
-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad70>-3.816 E
F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E F2(timeout)
-3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 415.2
+3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 568.8
Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input\
-, or from the \214le descriptor)144 427.2 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516
-(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 439.2 Q F1
+, or from the \214le descriptor)144 580.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516
+(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 592.8 Q F1
<ad75>2.936 E F0 .436(option, split into w)2.936 F .435
(ords as described abo)-.1 F .735 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75
(Wo)2.935 G .435(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.935(,a)C .435(nd the \214rst w)
--2.935 F .435(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 451.2 R F2
+-2.935 F .435(ord is as-)-.1 F .375(signed to the \214rst)144 604.8 R F2
(name)3.235 E F0 2.876(,t).18 G .376(he second w)-2.876 F .376
(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)3.236 E F0 2.876(,a).18 G .376
(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237
-(than names, the remaining w)144 463.2 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1
+(than names, the remaining w)144 616.8 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1
F .237(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)3.096 E
-F0 5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 475.2 R .874(wer w)
+F0 5.236(.I).18 G(f)-5.236 E .874(there are fe)144 628.8 R .874(wer w)
-.25 F .875(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\
-ames are assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 487.2 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F
+ames are assigned)-.1 F .518(empty v)144 640.8 R 3.018(alues. The)-.25 F
.518(characters in)3.018 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)3.018 E F0 .518
(are used to split the line into w)2.768 F .517
-(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 499.2 R
+(ords using the same rules the)-.1 F .026(shell uses for e)144 652.8 R
.026(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .326 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
-.75(Wo)2.526 G .026(rd Splitting).75 F F0 2.526(\). The)B .026
(backslash character \()2.526 F F1(\\)A F0 2.527(\)m)C(ay)-2.527 E .489
-(be used to remo)144 511.2 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H
+(be used to remo)144 664.8 R .788 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .788 -.15(ny s).15 H
.488(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F .488
(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E
-(tions, if supplied, ha)144 523.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 535.2 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025
-(The w)180 547.2 R 1.026
+(tions, if supplied, ha)144 676.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 688.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.025
+(The w)180 700.8 R 1.026
(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
-.25 E F2(aname)3.856 E F0 3.526(,s).18 G 1.026(tarting at 0.)-3.526 F
-F2(aname)180.33 559.2 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
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-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
-(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 571.2 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
-F0 .281(The \214rst character of)180 583.2 R F2(delim)2.781 E F0 .281
+(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
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+SF<ad64>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0 .281
+(The \214rst character of)180 96 R F2(delim)2.781 E F0 .281
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.781 F 2.78
-(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 595.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)
+(wline. If)-.25 F F2(de-)2.78 E(lim)180 108 Q F0(is the empty string,)
2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0
(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad65>144 607.2 Q F0 .372
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 607.2 R F1 -.18
-(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)
-2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E
-.218(to obtain the line.)180 619.2 R .218
+<ad65>144 120 Q F0 .372
+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 120 R F1 -.18(re)
+2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)
+2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G
+(sed)-2.873 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 132 R .218
(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E
-(acti)180 631.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E
+(acti)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E
(ut uses Readline')-.2 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ef)-2.5 E
-(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 643.2 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)
--.2 E F0(If)180 643.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 156 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2
+E F0(If)180 156 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
--.25 F(ing be)180 655.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 667.2 Q F2(nc)2.5 E
-(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 679.2 S(ad).18 E F0 .323
+-.25 F(ing be)180 168 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 180 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)
+-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 192 S(ad).18 E F0 .323
(returns after reading)2.823 F F2(nc)2.823 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .323
(characters rather than w)2.823 F .323
-(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 691.2 Q
+(aiting for a complete line of in-)-.1 F(put, b)180 204 Q
(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad4e>144 703.2 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 715.2 S
-(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
-3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F
-1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F 3.19
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 727.2 R F1 -.18(re)5.69
-G(ad).18 E F0 3.19(times out.)5.69 F 3.19(Delimiter characters)8.19 F
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E
-(68)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 1.109
-(encountered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180
-84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)3.609 G(ad).18 E F0 1.109
-(to return until)3.609 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)180 96 Q(har)-.15 E
-(s)-.1 E F0 .819(characters are read.)3.319 F .818
-(The result is not split on the characters in)5.818 F F1(IFS)3.318 E F0
-3.318(;t)C .818(he intent is)-3.318 F .497(that the v)180 108 R .497
-(ariable is assigned e)-.25 F .498
-(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .498
-(xception of backslash;)-.15 F(see the)180 120 Q F1<ad72>2.5 E F0
-(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 132 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E
-F0(Display)180 144 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
-(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
--3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 156 Q 2.5
-(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
+<ad4e>144 216 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 228 S(ad)
+.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769
+E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
+(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 240 R F1 -.18(re)2.775
+G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-)
+5.274 F 1.002
+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 252 R
+F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503
+E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 264 R .608
+(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0
+3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 276 S .669
+(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
+(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67
+(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 288 Q F0(option belo)
+2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 300 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)
+180 312 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F
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+(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 324 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
+(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 168 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-180 168 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F .493(the line.)180 180 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)
+<ad72>144 336 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+180 336 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
+-5.543 F .493(the line.)180 348 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)
-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493
(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180
-192 Q F1<ad73>144 204 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 204 Q
+360 Q F1<ad73>144 372 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 372 Q
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 216 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 228 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G
+<ad74>144 384 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 396 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G
(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428
(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561
-(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 240 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0
+(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 408 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0
(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number)
-3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 252 Q
+3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 420 Q
(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-264 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 276 R .589
+432 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 444 R .589
(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)
-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59
-(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 288 S(riable)
+(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 456 S(riable)
.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27
(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77
F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
-(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 300 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)
+(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 468 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)
-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180
-312 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)
-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 324 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 324 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477
-(If no)144 340.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477
+480 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)
+.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 492 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 492 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477
+(If no)144 508.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477
(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
-F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 352.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad)
+F3(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .476(The e)4.976
+F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 520.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad)
.18 E F0 .773
(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F
--.25(va)144 364.8 S .853
+-.25(va)144 532.8 S .853
(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F .852
(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .852(lid \214le de-).25
-F(scriptor is supplied as the ar)144
376.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 393.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A
+F(scriptor is supplied as the ar)144
544.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>
+2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 561.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A
F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A
-(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 405.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 573.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)
-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 417.6 R
+(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 585.6 R
1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097
(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
-(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 429.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 597.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 441.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
+-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 609.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name)
-3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 453.6 R -.15(ve)
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-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 465.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 633.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 477.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-489.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
+144 645.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
+657.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 501.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
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-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 513.6 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 530.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 542.4 R
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-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 554.4 R -.15(xe)
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 722.4 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 566.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
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(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 578.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52
-E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke)
-.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 602.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627
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+(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02
+(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E .886
+(mine the status is the last command e)144 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .886
+(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E(n)
+-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke).4
+G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 120 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627
(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E
F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
-(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588
-(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
-144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
-.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326
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-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 638.4 R .444
+(causes the shell to stop e)144 132 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
+(cuting that script and return either).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)
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(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 650.4 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
-F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15
-E .75(mand associated with the)144 662.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
+(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 168 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E F1
+(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15 E
+.75(mand associated with the)144 180 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 674.4 Q F1
-(set)108 691.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C
+G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 192 Q F1
+(set)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C
F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E
-F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 703.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0
+F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 220.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0
2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E
-(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 715.2 S .835
+(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 232.8 S .835
(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
-(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 727.2
+(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 244.8
R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783
-(riables cannot be).25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E(69)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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-.447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447
+(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 256.8 R F2 .447(posix mode)
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+(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447
(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531
-(locale. When)144 96 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F 3.531
-(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)-.2 F
-3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F .584
-(after option processing are treated as v)144 108 R .585
+(locale. When)144 268.8 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F
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+-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F .584
+(after option processing are treated as v)144 280.8 R .585
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in or)-.25 F(-)
--.2 E(der)144 120 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($1)2.5 E
-F0(,)A F2($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F2 2.5(... $)2.5 F F1(n)A F0 5(.O)C
-(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
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+-.2 E(der)144 292.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5
+E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)
+-5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144
+304.8 Q F0 1.378(Each v)184 304.8 R 1.377
(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F
-1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 144 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E
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+E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 328.8 Q F0 .131
+(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 328.8 R
2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 168 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25
-H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F2<ad65>144 180 Q F0 .088
-(Exit immediately if a)184 180 R F1(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087
-(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F1 .087(simple command)2.587 F
-F0 .087(\), a)B F1(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)-2.587 E(a)184 192 Q F1
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-(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F
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-204 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .079
-(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 216 Q
-1.654(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F2(until)4.154 E F0
+(primary prompt.)184 340.8 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
+-.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 352.8 Q F0
+.088(Exit immediately if a)184 352.8 R F2(pipeline)2.588 E F0 .087
+(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087(simple command)2.587 F
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+F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
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-.1(ke)4.154 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.655
-(wing the)-.25 F F2(if)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F2(elif)4.155 E F0(reserv)
-4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 228 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc)
--.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F2
-(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F2(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581
-(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 240 R
-F2(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F2(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c)
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+4.155 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 400.8 S .582(rds, part of an).1 F 3.082(yc)
+-.15 G .582(ommand e)-3.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1
+(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .581(list e)3.081 F .581
+(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .917(the \214nal)184 412.8 R
+F1(&&)3.417 E F0(or)3.417 E F1(||)3.417 E F0 3.417(,a)C 1.217 -.15(ny c)
-3.417 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .918
(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.418(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.418 E
--.25(va)184 252 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661
-(rted with).15 F F2(!)3.161 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .66
+-.25(va)184 424.8 S .661(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .661
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-F
2<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113
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-(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F2(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678
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+F
1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.113
+(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .178(not e)184 448.8 R 2.678
+(xit. A)-.15 F .178(trap on)2.678 F F1(ERR)2.678 E F0 2.678(,i)C 2.678
(fs)-2.678 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.677(xits. This)-.15 F .177
-(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 288 R .617
+(option applies to)2.677 F .617(the shell en)184 460.8 R .617
(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see)
--.4 F F3 .618(COMMAND EXE-)3.118 F .643(CUTION ENVIR)184 300 R(ONMENT)
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-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643
(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 312 Q
-.998(If a compound command or shell function e)184 330 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.999(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F F2<ad65>3.499 E F0 .999
-(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184 342 R -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .089(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F
-.502(will be af)184 354 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F2<ad65>3.002 E F0
-.502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F2
+(xe)-.15 G .642(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 484.8
+Q .998(If a compound command or shell function e)184 502.8 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .999(cutes in a conte).15 F .999(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>3.499 E
+F0 .999(is being ig-)3.499 F .089(nored, none of the commands e)184
+514.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .089
+(cuted within the compound command or function body).15 F .502
+(will be af)184 526.8 R .502(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>3.002 E F0
+.502(setting, e)3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.002(ni).15 G(f)-3.002 E F1
<ad65>3.002 E F0 .502(is set and a command returns a f)3.002 F .503
-(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 366 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684
-(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F
2<ad65>4.183 E F0
+(ailure sta-)-.1 F 4.184(tus. If)184 538.8 R 4.184(ac)4.184 G 1.684
+(ompound command or shell function sets)-4.184 F F
1<ad65>4.183 E F0
1.683(while e)4.183 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.683(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)
--.15 E(where)184
378 Q F2<ad65>3.153 E F0 .653
+-.15 E(where)184
550.8 Q F1<ad65>3.153 E F0 .653
(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.153 F .954 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .954
-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .654(ect until the compound command).25 F
-(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 390 Q F2
-<ad66>144 402 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 402 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F2
-<ad68>144 414 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184 414
-R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F(abled by def)184 426
-Q(ault.)-.1 E F2<ad6b>144 438 Q F0 .513(All ar)184 438 R .514
+(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 562.8 Q F1
+<ad66>144 574.8 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 574.8 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
+<ad68>144 586.8 Q F0 .988(Remember the location of commands as the)184
+586.8 R 3.488(ya)-.15 G .988(re look)-3.488 F .988(ed up for e)-.1 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.488(cution. This).15 F .987(is en-)3.487 F
+(abled by def)184 598.8 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 610.8 Q F0 .513
+(All ar)184 610.8 R .514
(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18
F .514(vironment for a)-.4 F
-(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 450 Q F2
-<ad6d>144 462 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 462 R .149
+(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 622.8 Q F1
+<ad6d>144 634.8 Q F0 .149(Monitor mode.)184 634.8 R .149
(Job control is enabled.)5.149 F .148(This option is on by def)5.149 F
.148(ault for interacti)-.1 F .448 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .65
-(on systems that support it \(see)184 474 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F
+(on systems that support it \(see)184 646.8 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F
(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .651
-(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .679(process group.)184 486 R .678
-(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\
-s)5.679 F -.15(ex)184 498 S(it status.).15 E F2<ad6e>144 510 Q F0 .652
-(Read commands b)184 510 R .652(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .652
-(cute them.).15 F .653(This may be used to check a shell script for)
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--.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F2<ad6f>144 534 Q F1(option\255name)2.5 E
-F0(The)184 546 Q F1(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5
-E(wing:)-.25 E F2(allexport)184 558 Q F0(Same as)224 570 Q F2<ad61>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F2(braceexpand)184 582 Q F0(Same as)224 594 Q F2<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)
-A F2(emacs)184 606 Q F0 .089
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+F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 216 Q F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(histexpand)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 240 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(history)184 252 Q F0 .587(Enable command history)224 252 R 3.087(,a)
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H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9
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+/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 264 Q
(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184
-108 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 120 R 1.656
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-<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184
168 Q F0(Same as)224 168 Q F1<ad6d>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184
180 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 192 Q F1<ad43>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184
204 Q F0(Same as)224 204 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A
-F1(noglob)184
216 Q F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)
-184 228 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 228 Q F1(notify)184 240 Q F0
-(Same as)224 240 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 252 Q F0(Same as)
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-F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 276 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 276 Q
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336 Q F0(Same as)224 336 Q F1<ad6d>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184
348 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 360 Q F1<ad43>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184
372 Q F0(Same as)224 372 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A
+F1(noglob)184
384 Q F0(Same as)224 384 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)
+184 396 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 396 Q F1(notify)184 408 Q F0
+(Same as)224 408 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 420 Q F0(Same as)
+224 420 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 432 Q F0(Same as)224 432 Q
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+F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 456 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)
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+(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 468 R
1.136
(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
--.15 F -.15(ex)224 312 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
-(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 324 Q F0
-2.091(Change the beha)224 324 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
+-.15 F -.15(ex)224 480 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
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+2.091(Change the beha)224 492 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224
-336 R/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B F2
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1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.463 E(w)-.25 E .955
-(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 348 R 3.454(wp)-.25 G
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.954(osix mode af)-3.454 F .954(fects bash')-.25 F 3.454(sb)-.55 G(e-)
--3.454 E(ha)224 360 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 372 Q(vileged)-.1 E
-F0(Same as)224 384 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 396 S(rbose).1 E
-F0(Same as)224 396 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 408 Q F0 .209
-(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 408 R 2.709(ace. This)
--.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 420
+-3.454 E(ha)224 528 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 540 Q(vileged)-.1 E
+F0(Same as)224 552 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 564 S(rbose).1 E
+F0(Same as)224 564 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 576 Q F0 .209
+(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 576 R 2.709(ace. This)
+-.1 F .209(also af)2.709 F .21(fects the editing in-)-.25 F(terf)224 588
Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(xtrace)
-184 432 Q F0(Same as)224 432 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 450 Q F1
+184 600 Q F0(Same as)224 600 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 618 Q F1
<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F5(option\255name)
3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552
(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184
-462 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0
+630 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0
3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072
(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F
-(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
474 Q F1<ad70>
-144 486 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 486 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1
+(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
642 Q F1<ad70>
+144 654 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 654 S 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1
(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071
(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5
-(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 498 R 1.501
-(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 510
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S(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0
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(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F
-(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 522 R .379
+(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 690 R .379
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15
(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462
-(user \(group\) id, and the)184
534 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
+(user \(group\) id, and the)184
702 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461
-(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 546 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
+(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 714 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 558 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
+E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 726 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886
F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 570 Q F1<ad74>144 582 Q F0
-(Exit after reading and e)184 582 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.)
-.15 E F1<ad75>144 594 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 594 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044
-(ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \
-as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 606 R 2.683
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182
-(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746
-(able or parameter)184 618 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
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+E .746(able or parameter)184 132 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184
-630 Q F1<ad76>144 642 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 642 Q 2.5
-(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 654 Q F0 .315(After e)184 654 R
-.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F5 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25
-(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)
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-666 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F
-1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)3.736 E F3(,)A F0
-(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 678 Q
+144 Q F1<ad76>144 156 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 156 Q 2.5
+(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 168 Q F0 .315(After e)184 168 R
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+(or arithmetic)184 180 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236
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+(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 192 Q
(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
-<ad42>144 690 Q F0 1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 690 R 1.206
+<ad42>144 204 Q F0 1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 204 R 1.206
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa)
-184 702 S(ult.).1 E F1<ad43>144 714 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 714 R F1(bash)
+184 216 S(ult.).1 E F1<ad43>144 228 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)
2.713 E F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F
.214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
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-5.436(tors. This)184 726 R 2.936(may be o)5.436 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.936
-(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection).15 F
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-<ad45>144 96 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 96 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on)
--2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
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+(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
+.15 F(tor)184 252 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
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(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
-F .839(mands e)184 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F .839(mands e)184 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 120 Q F1
-<ad48>144 132 Q F0(Enable)184 132 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 288 Q F1
+<ad48>144 300 Q F0(Enable)184 300 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 144 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 156 Q F0 .96
-(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 156 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
+F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 312 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 324 Q F0 .96
+(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 324 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959
(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452
-(that change the current w)184 168 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452
+(that change the current w)184 336 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452
(.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453
-(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 180 R(def)
+(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 348 R(def)
3.335 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184
192 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-204 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 204 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184
360 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+372 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 372 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 216 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 228 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 240 Q
-F0 .4(If no ar)184 240 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 396 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 408 Q
+F0 .4(If no ar)184 408 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 252 Q
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 264 Q F0 .797
-(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 264 R F2(ar)3.297 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G .796
-(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 276 R F1
-<ad78>3.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
+(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 420 Q
+F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
+(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
+432 Q F0 .797(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 432 R
+F2(ar)3.297 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G
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+R F1<ad78>3.021 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no)
3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522(s, the positional pa-)B
-(rameters remain unchanged.)184 288 Q .425(The options are of)144 304.8
+(rameters remain unchanged.)184 456 Q .425(The options are of)144 472.8
R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 316.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 484.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 328.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+(current set of options may be found in)144 496.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 340.8 Q F1(shift)108 357.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 369.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
+(is encountered.)144 508.8 Q F1(shift)108 525.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 537.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
-.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 381.6 Q F1($#)2.583
+.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 549.6 Q F1($#)2.583
E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 393.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 561.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 405.6 R
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 573.6 R
.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 417.6 Q F1(shopt)108 434.4 Q F0([)
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 585.6 Q F1(shopt)108 602.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 446.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 614.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375
-(listed belo)144 458.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
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2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 470.4 R .065
+(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 638.4 R .065
(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066
(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566
-F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 482.4 R F2
+F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 650.4 R F2
(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074
(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105
-(tions. The)144
494.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
+(tions. The)144
662.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
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-E(options ha)144 506.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 518.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
-518.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 530.4 Q F0
-(Disable \(unset\) each)180
530.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
-542.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
-tus indicates whether the)180 542.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E
-.255(set or unset.)180 554.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755
+E(options ha)144 674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 686.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
+686.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 698.4 Q F0
+(Disable \(unset\) each)180
698.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
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+tus indicates whether the)180 710.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E
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E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256
-(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 566.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
-F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 578.4 Q F0
-(Restricts the v)180 578.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
-(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 595.2 R F1
-<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
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-E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983
-(set or unset, respecti)144 607.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)
--.65 G .983(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F1(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 619.2 S(ult.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 636
-R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F
-.696
-(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 648 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
--.25 F(option.)144 660 Q(The list of)144 676.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 694.8 Q F0 1.945
-(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 706.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
-1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944
-(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 718.8 R .885
-(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885
-(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 730.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E
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%%Page: 73 73
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-SF(autocd)144 84 Q F0 .2
-(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 84 R
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E(all)180 84 Q/F1 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
+2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6f>144 96 Q F0(Restricts the v)180 96 Q
+(alues of)-.25 E F1(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E
+F2<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 112.8 R F2<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F2
+<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)3.124 F F1(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)
+3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F2(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624
+(ws only those options which are)-.25 F .983(set or unset, respecti)144
+124.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.983(.U)-.65 G .983
+(nless otherwise noted, the)-5.983 F F2(shopt)3.484 E F0 .984
+(options are disabled \(unset\) by de-)3.484 F -.1(fa)144 136.8 S(ult.)
+.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
+153.6 R F1(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
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+(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
+144 165.6 R F1(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696
+(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 177.6 Q(The list of)144 194.4 Q F2(shopt)
+2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2(assoc_expand_once)144 212.4 Q F0 1.945
+(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 224.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G
+1.944(luation of associati).25 F 2.244 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.944
+(rray subscripts during).15 F .885(arithmetic e)184 236.4 R .885
+(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .885(luation, while e).25 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .885(cuting b).15 F .885(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F .885
+(ariable as-)-.25 F(signments, and while e)184 248.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuting b).15 E(uiltins that perform array dereferencing.)-.2 E F2
+(autocd)144 260.4 Q F0 .2
+(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 260.4 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 96 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(ment to the)184 272.4 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 108 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 120 R .155
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
+F2(cdable_v)144 284.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 296.4 R .155
+(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 132 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 144 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 308.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 320.4 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184
-144 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
-(corrected. The)184 156 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
+320.4 R F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
+(corrected. The)184 332.4 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 168 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
+-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 344.4 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 180 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5
-E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 192 Q F0 .736
-(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)3.236 E F0 .736
-(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737
-(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 216
-Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 228 Q
-F0 .449(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
+(the command proceeds.)184 356.4 Q
+(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
+.15 E F2(checkhash)144 368.4 Q F0 .736(If set,)184 380.4 R F2(bash)3.236
+E F0 .736(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.236 F .737
+(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184
+392.4 Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 404.4
+Q F0 .449(If set,)184 416.4 R F2(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 252 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.661(shell. If)184 428.4 R(an)2.661 E 2.661(yj)-.15 G
.161(obs are running, this causes the e)-2.661 F .161
(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .162(xit is at-)-.15 F 1.473
-(tempted without an interv)184 264 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F/F2
-9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184 276 S
-(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G(obs are stopped.)
--2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 288 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184 300 R F1(bash)3.59
-E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09(ize after each e)
--3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F
-(necessary)184 312 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G .851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85
-(alues of)-.25 F F2(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)3.1 E F2(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F3 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1
-(fa)184 324 S(ult.).1 E F1(cmdhist)144 336 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 336 R
-F1(bash)2.672 E F0 .172(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173
+(tempted without an interv)184 440.4 R 1.473(ening command \(see)-.15 F
+/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.473(JOB CONTR)3.973 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)3.723 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.973(\). The).15 F 1.472(shell al-)3.972 F -.1(wa)184
+452.4 S(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
+(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 464.4 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184
+476.4 R F2(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G
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+(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 488.4 Q 3.351(,u)-.65 G
+.851(pdates the v)-3.351 F .85(alues of)-.25 F F3(LINES)3.35 E F0(and)
+3.1 E F3(COLUMNS)3.35 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .85
+(This option is enabled by de-)5.35 F -.1(fa)184 500.4 S(ult.).1 E F2
+(cmdhist)144 512.4 Q F0 .172(If set,)184 512.4 R F2(bash)2.672 E F0 .172
+(attempts to sa)2.672 F .472 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .173
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history en-).15 F(try)
-184 348 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597
+184 524.4 Q 5.597(.T)-.65 G .597(his allo)-5.597 F .597
(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F .597
-(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 360 S 1.287(ult, b).1
-F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288
+(This option is enabled by de-)5.597 F -.1(fa)184 536.4 S 1.287(ult, b)
+.1 F 1.288(ut only has an ef)-.2 F 1.288
(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F 1.588 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 372 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1
-(compat31)144 384 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 396 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42
+(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(HIST)184 548.4 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F4(.)A
+F2(compat31)144 560.4 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 572.4 R F2(bash)2.92 E F0 .42
(changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419
(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)
-184 408 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1
-(=~)2.962 E F0 .462
+184 584.4 R F2([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E
+F2(=~)2.962 E F0 .462
(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71
-(using the)184 420 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s)
--.55 E F1(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F1(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash)
+(using the)184 596.4 R F2([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F
+(s)-.55 E F2(<)3.21 E F0(and)3.21 E F2(>)3.21 E F0 3.21(operators. Bash)
3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .792
-(use ASCII collation and)184 432 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.632 E
-(cmp)-.37 E F0 .793(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale')
-.19 F 3.293(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.293 E(sequence and)184 444 Q F4(str)
-2.84 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 456 Q F0 1.41
-(If set,)184 468 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409
-(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409
-(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422
-(string comparison when using the)184 480 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422
-(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>)
+(use ASCII collation and)184 608.4 R F1(str)3.632 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .793
+(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale').19 F 3.293(sc)-.55 G
+(ollation)-3.293 E(sequence and)184 620.4 Q F1(str)2.84 E(coll)-.37 E F0
+(\(3\).).51 E F2(compat32)144 632.4 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 644.4 R F2
+(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2
+F 1.409(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422
+(string comparison when using the)184 656.4 R F2([[)2.922 E F0 .422
+(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F2(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F2(>)
2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481
-(vious item\) and the ef)184 492 R .481
+(vious item\) and the ef)184 668.4 R .481
(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48
-(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 504 Q
+(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 680.4 Q
(xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E
-F1(compat40)144 516 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 528 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0
+F2(compat40)144 692.4 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 704.4 R F2(bash)3.909 E F0
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+E F1 -.25(fo)144 240 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0 .936
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+(pletions. See)184 276 R F2 .447(SHELL V)2.947 F(ARIABLES)-1.215 E F0
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+F(enabled by def)184 288 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 300 Q F0
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+(nt)-3.214 G .714(he traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)
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(ollating sequence is not tak)-3.52 F 1.02(en into account, so)-.1 F F1
-(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 192 R F1(A)
+(b)3.52 E F0 1.02(will not)3.52 F .956(collate between)184 348 R F1(A)
3.456 E F0(and)3.456 E F1(B)3.456 E F0 3.457(,a)C .957(nd upper)-3.457 F
.957(-case and lo)-.2 F(wer)-.25 E .957
-(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 204 Q(.)-.55 E
-F1(globstar)144 216 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 216 R F1(**)3.019
+(-case ASCII characters will collate)-.2 F(together)184 360 Q(.)-.55 E
+F1(globstar)144 372 Q F0 .519(If set, the pattern)184 372 R F1(**)3.019
E F0 .519(used in a pathname e)3.019 F .519(xpansion conte)-.15 F .518
(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431
-(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 228 R .431
+(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 384 R .431
(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0
2.932(,o)C .432(nly directories)-2.932 F(and subdirectories match.)184
-240 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 252 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\
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-276 Q F0 .676
+396 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 408 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\
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(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184
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--.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 312 Q(eedit)-.18
-E F0 .575(If set, and)184 324 R F1 -.18(re)3.075 G(adline).18 E F0 .575
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(is being used, a user is gi)3.075 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.075(nt).15 G .576
(he opportunity to re-edit a f)-3.075 F .576(ailed his-)-.1 F
-(tory substitution.)184 336 Q F1(histv)144 348 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403
-(If set, and)184 360 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403
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+(If set, and)184 516 R F1 -.18(re)2.903 G(adline).18 E F0 .403
(is being used, the results of history substitution are not immediately)
-2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 372 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662
+2.903 F .661(passed to the shell parser)184 528 R 5.661(.I)-.55 G .662
(nstead, the resulting line is loaded into the)-5.661 F F1 -.18(re)3.162
-G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.162 E -.2(bu)184 384 S -.25(ff).2 G(er).25 E
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2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1
-(hostcomplete)144 396 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 408 R F1 -.18(re)3.682
+(hostcomplete)144 552 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 564 R F1 -.18(re)3.682
G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181
(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184
-420 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381
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-(is enabled by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(huponexit)144 444 Q F0(If set,)
-184 456 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)2.5 E F0
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-(If set, command substitution inherits the v)184 480 R .219(alue of the)
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-F0 .33(If set, allo)184 516 R 2.83(waw)-.25 G .33(ord be)-2.93 F .33
-(ginning with)-.15 F F1(#)2.83 E F0 .33(to cause that w)2.83 F .33
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-(that line to be ignored in an interacti)184 528 R 1.267 -.15(ve s)-.25
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H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15
-G 3.467(\). This).15 F .967(option is)3.467 F(enabled by def)184 540 Q
-(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 552 Q F0 .066
-(If set, and job control is not acti)184 552 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.566(,t)
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-(The nameref attrib)5.173 F .173(ute is not)-.2 F(inherited.)184 636 Q
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(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
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--.1(wa)184 108 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
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(conditional commands, when performing pattern substitution)3.051 F -.1
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3.355 E .855(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)
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S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069
(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
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(iltin prints an error message when the shift count e).2 F .502
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-(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)144 645.6 R .878
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(alse\) depending on the e)-.1 F -.25(va)-.25 G .878
-(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)144 657.6
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S(pr).2 E F0 5.53(.E).73 G .53
(ach operator and operand must be a separate ar)-5.53 F 3.03
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-(primaries described abo)144 669.6 R 1.66 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3
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-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 108 Q F2 -.2(ex)
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F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
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--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180
-274.8 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552
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-(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180
346.8 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832
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530.4 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832
E F0(and)3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333
(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558
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-370.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521
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E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
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-(cutes in a shell).15 F .623(function \(see)144 704.4 R F3 .622
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+.184(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 324 R .451
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(trap is not e)2.701 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .451(cuted if the f).15 F .452
(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388
-(mand list immediately follo)144 138 R .388(wing a)-.25 F/F4 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.888 E F0(or)2.888 E F4(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)
-2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F1(if)2.897 E
-F0 .387(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 150 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .778(cuted in a).15 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E
-F0 .778(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778
-(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F4(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F4(||)3.278 E F0
-3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 162 R 1.28
+(mand list immediately follo)144 336 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.888
+E F0(or)2.888 E F1(until)2.888 E F0 -.1(ke)2.888 G(yw)-.05 E .388
+(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387
+(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.778(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0 .778
+(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778
+(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.278 E F0
+3.278(,a)C -.15(ny)-3.278 G 1.28(command in a pipeline b)144 360 R 1.28
(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78
-F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!)
-3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 174 Q(yed by the)
--.15 E F
4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C
+F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F1(!)
+3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 372 Q(yed by the)
+-.15 E F
1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C
(ption.)-2.5 E .132
(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
-192 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117
-(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 204 R .117
+390 R -.35(Tr)5.133 G .133(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117
+(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 402 R .117
(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117
-(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 216 R
-(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0
-(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0
-(returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108 232.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(])
-A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 244.8 S
-.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1
+(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 414 R
+(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0
+(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0
+(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108 430.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])
+A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 442.8 S
+.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2
(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
-F4<ad74>144 256.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F4(type)3.215 E F0
-.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F1(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E
-F1 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)5.185 E F0
-(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F1
-(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F1(name)144.36 268.8 Q F0 .086
+F1<ad74>144 454.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F1(type)3.215 E F0
+.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F2(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E
+F2 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)5.185 E F0
+(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F2
+(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F2(name)144.36 466.8 Q F0 .086
(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2
(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 280.8 R .118
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 478.8 R .118
(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
-F4<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F4(type)2.618 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 292.8 R .855
-(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0
+F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 490.8 R .855
+(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if)
-144 304.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028
-G .528(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528
-E F4<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F2 -.666(PA)3.028 G
-(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 316.8 R F1(name)2.506 E F0 2.506
+144 502.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028
+G .528(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528
+E F1<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F3 -.666(PA)3.028 G
+(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 514.8 R F2(name)2.506 E F0 2.506
(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F5 .007(type -t name)
-2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.417 E F0
-5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F4
-<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144
328.8 Q F4<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731
+2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)4.417 E F0
+5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F1
+<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144
526.8 Q F1<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731
(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73
(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
-F F
2 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F4<ad61>144
-340.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F4(type)3.323 E F0 .824
+F F
3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F1<ad61>144
+538.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F1(type)3.323 E F0 .824
(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .824
-(cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824(his in-)
+(cutable named).15 F F2(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824(his in-)
-5.824 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144
-
352.8 R F4<ad70>3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176
+
550.8 R F1<ad70>3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176
(The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
-144
364.8 R F4<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F4<ad66>3.723 E F0
+144
562.8 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0
1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)
-144 376.8 R F4(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type)
+144 574.8 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)
5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325
(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325
-(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 388.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4
-(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144
-417.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243
+(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 586.8 Q F1(ulimit)108 603.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144
+615.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243
(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 429.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F
4<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
+.944(that allo)144 627.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
+(The)5.944 E F
1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 639.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 453.6 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F
4<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F
4<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
+ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 651.6 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F
1<ad48>2.925 E
+F0(nor)2.925 E F
1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-465.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+663.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 477.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F4
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.742(of the special v)144 675.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 489.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F1(limit)2.613 E F0 .023
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 687.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F2(limit)2.613 E F0 .023
(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023
(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985
-(source is printed, unless the)144
501.6 R F4<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
+(source is printed, unless the)144
699.6 R F1<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 513.6 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4
-<ad61>144 525.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 525.6 Q F4
-<ad62>144 537.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 537.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
-(fer size)-.25 E F4<ad63>144 549.6 Q F0
-(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 549.6 Q F4<ad64>144 561.6
-Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 561.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
--2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 573.6 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 573.6 Q F4<ad66>144
-585.6 Q F0
-(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-585.6 Q F4<ad69>144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
-597.6 Q F4<ad6b>144 609.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 609.6 Q F4
-<ad6c>144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 621.6 Q
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F4<ad6d>144 633.6 Q F0
-(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 633.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4<ad6e>144 645.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
-e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-180 645.6 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 657.6 Q F4<ad70>144 669.6 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 669.6 Q F4
-<ad71>144 681.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 681.6 Q F4
-<ad72>144 693.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 693.6
-Q F4<ad73>144 705.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 705.6 Q F4<ad74>144
-717.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 717.6 Q
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2019 No)136.385 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E
-(78)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 711.6 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E
+(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2020 January 29)141.79 E(78)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 79 79
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF<ad75>144 84 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 84 Q -.25(va)
--.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 96 Q F0 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 96 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 108
-Q F1<ad78>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 120 Q F1
-<ad50>144 132 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 132 Q F1
-<ad54>144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 144 Q(If)144 160.8
+SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 84 Q F1<ad62>144
+96 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 96 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1
+<ad63>144 108 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 108 Q F1
+<ad64>144 120 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 120 Q 2.5(sd)-.55
+G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 132 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 132 Q F1<ad66>144 144 Q
+F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
+144 Q F1<ad69>144 156 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 156
+Q F1<ad6b>144 168 Q F0
+(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 168 Q F1<ad6c>
+144 180 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 180 Q(ed into memory)
+-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 192 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 192 Q
+2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 204 Q
+F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\
+ not allo)180 204 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)
+-.25 F(be set\))180 216 Q F1<ad70>144 228 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 228 Q F1
+<ad71>144 240 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
+180 240 Q F1<ad72>144 252 Q F0
+(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 252 Q F1<ad73>144 264 Q
+F0(The maximum stack size)180 264 Q F1<ad74>144 276 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 276 Q F1<ad75>144 288 Q
+F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 288 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 300 Q F0 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 300 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 312
+Q F1<ad78>144 324 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 324 Q F1
+<ad50>144 336 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 336 Q F1
+<ad54>144 348 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 348 Q(If)144 364.8
Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468
(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F
2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468
-E .045(no option is gi)144 172.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1
+E .045(no option is gi)144 376.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1
<ad66>2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1
<ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .672(in seconds;)144
-
184.8 R F1<ad70>3.172 E F0 3.172(,w)C .672
+
388.8 R F1<ad70>3.172 E F0 3.172(,w)C .672
(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-3.172 F F1<ad50>3.172 E F0(,)A F1
<ad54>3.172 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.172 E F0(,)A F1<ad6b>3.172 E F0(,)A F1
<ad6e>3.172 E F0 3.172(,a)C(nd)-3.172 E F1<ad75>3.172 E F0 3.172(,w)C
-.673(hich are un-)-3.172 F .36(scaled v)144 196.8 R .36
+.673(hich are un-)-3.172 F .36(scaled v)144 400.8 R .36
(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>2.86 E F0(and)2.86 E F1
<ad66>2.86 E F0 2.86(,w)C .36(hich are in 512-byte increments.)-2.86 F
-.36(The return)5.36 F .411(status is 0 unless an in)144 208.8 R -.25(va)
+.36(The return)5.36 F .411(status is 0 unless an in)144 412.8 R -.25(va)
-.4 G .411(lid option or ar).25 F .411
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a ne)-.18 F(w)-.25
-E(limit.)144
220.8 Q F1(umask)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5
+E(limit.)144
424.8 Q F1(umask)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5
(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 249.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 453.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 261.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-273.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
+pted by)144 465.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+477.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 285.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 489.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 297.6 Q F0 .552
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(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
-F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 309.6 Q
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(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 326.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 338.4 Q 1.057 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
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3.257 E F0 .757(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.257 F(If)5.758 E
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-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 367.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
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(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 379.2 S 3.804(re).15 G(ach)-3.804 E F2(name)4.164 E F0
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3.804(,r).18 G(emo)-3.804 E 1.604 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.304
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.803 E F0 1.303(option is gi)3.803 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.303(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 391.2 Q F0 .464
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(refers to a shell v)3.144 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.965(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
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<ad66>2.769 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.769 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
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415.2 R F1<ad6e>2.903 E
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619.2 R F1<ad6e>2.903 E
F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v)
2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0
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-.72(rather than the v)144 427.2 R .72(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
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<ad6e>5.72 E F0 .72(has no ef)3.22 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
3.219 E F0 .719(option is supplied.)3.219 F .719(If no options)5.719 F
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(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.762(that name, if an)144
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-(process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)144 600 R .636
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(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F
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482.4 Q(specifying the)144 482.4 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E
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-re not handled gracefully when)108 384 R .389
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G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.)
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-(ve)-.15 G(mber 26).15 E(81)185.545 E 0 Cg EP
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+E(81)190.95 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.0, 26 November 2019).
+the Bash shell (version 5.0, 29 January 2020).
-This is Edition 5.0, last updated 26 November 2019,
+This is Edition 5.0, last updated 29 January 2020,
of The GNU Bash Reference Manual,
for Bash, Version 5.0.
<span id="Bash-Features-1"></span><h1 class="top">Bash Features</h1>
<p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.0, 26 November 2019).
+the Bash shell (version 5.0, 29 January 2020).
The Bash home page is <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>.
</p>
-<p>This is Edition 5.0, last updated 26 November 2019,
+<p>This is Edition 5.0, last updated 29 January 2020,
of <cite>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>,
for <code>Bash</code>, Version 5.0.
</p>
entered.
When <var>shell-command</var> is executed, the shell sets the
<code>READLINE_LINE</code> variable to the contents of the Readline line
-buffer and the <code>READLINE_POINT</code> variable to the current location
-of the insertion point.
-If the executed command changes the value of <code>READLINE_LINE</code> or
-<code>READLINE_POINT</code>, those new values will be reflected in the
-editing state.
+buffer and the <code>READLINE_POINT</code> and <code>READLINE_MARK</code> variables
+to the current location of the insertion point and the saved insertion
+point (the <var>mark</var>), respectively.
+If the executed command changes the value of any of <code>READLINE_LINE</code>,
+<code>READLINE_POINT</code>, or <code>READLINE_MARK</code>, those new values will be
+reflected in the editing state.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-X</code></dt>
with ‘<samp>bind -x</samp>’ (see <a href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtins</a>).
</p>
</dd>
+<dt><code>READLINE_MARK</code>
+<span id="index-READLINE_005fMARK"></span>
+</dt>
+<dd><p>The position of the <var>mark</var> (saved insertion point) in the
+Readline line buffer, for use
+with ‘<samp>bind -x</samp>’ (see <a href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtins</a>).
+The characters between the insertion point and the mark are often
+called the <var>region</var>.
+</p>
+</dd>
<dt><code>READLINE_POINT</code>
<span id="index-READLINE_005fPOINT"></span>
</dt>
<tr><th id="Variable-Index_vr_letter-R">R</th><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-RANDOM"><code>RANDOM</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bash-Variables">Bash Variables</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-READLINE_005fLINE"><code>READLINE_LINE</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bash-Variables">Bash Variables</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-READLINE_005fMARK"><code>READLINE_MARK</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bash-Variables">Bash Variables</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-READLINE_005fPOINT"><code>READLINE_POINT</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bash-Variables">Bash Variables</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-REPLY"><code>REPLY</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Bash-Variables">Bash Variables</a></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-revert_002dall_002dat_002dnewline"><code>revert-all-at-newline</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Readline-Init-File-Syntax">Readline Init File Syntax</a></td></tr>
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.0, 26 November 2019).
+Bash shell (version 5.0, 29 January 2020).
- This is Edition 5.0, last updated 26 November 2019, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.0, last updated 29 January 2020, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0.
Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.0, 26 November 2019). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.0, 29 January 2020). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.0, last updated 26 November 2019, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.0, last updated 29 January 2020, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
Cause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed whenever KEYSEQ is entered.
When SHELL-COMMAND is executed, the shell sets the
'READLINE_LINE' variable to the contents of the Readline line
- buffer and the 'READLINE_POINT' variable to the current
- location of the insertion point. If the executed command
- changes the value of 'READLINE_LINE' or 'READLINE_POINT',
- those new values will be reflected in the editing state.
+ buffer and the 'READLINE_POINT' and 'READLINE_MARK' variables
+ to the current location of the insertion point and the saved
+ insertion point (the MARK), respectively. If the executed
+ command changes the value of any of 'READLINE_LINE',
+ 'READLINE_POINT', or 'READLINE_MARK', those new values will be
+ reflected in the editing state.
'-X'
List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use with 'bind -x'
(*note Bash Builtins::).
+'READLINE_MARK'
+ The position of the MARK (saved insertion point) in the Readline
+ line buffer, for use with 'bind -x' (*note Bash Builtins::). The
+ characters between the insertion point and the mark are often
+ called the REGION.
+
'READLINE_POINT'
The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer,
for use with 'bind -x' (*note Bash Builtins::).
* bind: Bash Builtins. (line 21)
* break: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 36)
-* builtin: Bash Builtins. (line 102)
-* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 111)
+* builtin: Bash Builtins. (line 104)
+* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 113)
* cd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 44)
-* command: Bash Builtins. (line 128)
+* command: Bash Builtins. (line 130)
* compgen: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 12)
* complete: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 237)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 85)
-* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 148)
+* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 150)
* dirs: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 7)
* disown: Job Control Builtins.
(line 97)
-* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 246)
-* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 295)
+* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 248)
+* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 297)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 94)
* exec: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 143)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 187)
-* help: Bash Builtins. (line 324)
+* help: Bash Builtins. (line 326)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 40)
* jobs: Job Control Builtins.
(line 27)
* kill: Job Control Builtins.
(line 58)
-* let: Bash Builtins. (line 343)
-* local: Bash Builtins. (line 351)
-* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 365)
-* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 370)
+* let: Bash Builtins. (line 345)
+* local: Bash Builtins. (line 353)
+* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 367)
+* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 372)
* popd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 35)
-* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 416)
+* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 418)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 53)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 207)
-* read: Bash Builtins. (line 460)
-* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 554)
+* read: Bash Builtins. (line 462)
+* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 556)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 217)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 257)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 563)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 565)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 109)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 349)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 355)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 568)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 600)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 606)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 570)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 602)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 608)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 404)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 705)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 707)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 422)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 598)
* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 601)
* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 607)
-* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 611)
-* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 615)
+* READLINE_MARK: Bash Variables. (line 611)
+* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 617)
+* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 621)
* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 272)
-* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 618)
-* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 625)
-* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 630)
-* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 639)
+* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 624)
+* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 631)
+* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 636)
+* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 645)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 278)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 293)
* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 299)
-* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 644)
+* SRANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 650)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11)
-* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 653)
-* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 691)
-* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 703)
-* UID: Bash Variables. (line 707)
+* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 659)
+* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 697)
+* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 709)
+* UID: Bash Variables. (line 713)
* vi-cmd-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 312)
* vi-ins-mode-string: Readline Init File Syntax.
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f897
-Node: Introduction\7f2817
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3033
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4147
-Node: Definitions\7f6685
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9636
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f10855
-Node: Shell Operation\7f11881
-Node: Quoting\7f13174
-Node: Escape Character\7f14474
-Node: Single Quotes\7f14959
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15307
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16585
-Node: Locale Translation\7f17844
-Node: Comments\7f18740
-Node: Shell Commands\7f19358
-Node: Simple Commands\7f20230
-Node: Pipelines\7f20861
-Node: Lists\7f23793
-Node: Compound Commands\7f25584
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f26596
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f29091
-Node: Command Grouping\7f40662
-Node: Coprocesses\7f42141
-Node: GNU Parallel\7f44044
-Node: Shell Functions\7f48345
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f55552
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f59965
-Node: Special Parameters\7f60865
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f64089
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f66212
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f68935
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f71552
-Node: Command Substitution\7f85985
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f87340
-Node: Process Substitution\7f88272
-Node: Word Splitting\7f89392
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f91336
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f93885
-Node: Quote Removal\7f97871
-Node: Redirections\7f98166
-Node: Executing Commands\7f107724
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f108394
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f110348
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f112724
-Node: Environment\7f115708
-Node: Exit Status\7f117367
-Node: Signals\7f119037
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f121004
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f124016
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f126054
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f146978
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f175903
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f176248
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f186661
-Node: Special Builtins\7f204331
-Node: Shell Variables\7f205310
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f205747
-Node: Bash Variables\7f207851
-Node: Bash Features\7f239793
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f240692
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f246705
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f251808
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f252218
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f252867
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f253682
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f257169
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f261746
-Node: Aliases\7f264686
-Node: Arrays\7f267306
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f272671
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f273455
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-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f279344
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-g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(128)2021 4498 y Fs(C)2025 4622 y Fe
+g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(128)2021 4589 y Fs(C)2025 4713 y Fe
(call-last-kbd-macro)f(\(C-x)c(e\))15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)30 b Fb(132)2025 4712
+(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)30 b Fb(132)2025 4802
y Fe(capitalize-word)f(\(M-c\))7 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22
-b Fb(128)2025 4802 y Fe(character-search)29 b(\(C-]\))22
+b Fb(128)2025 4892 y Fe(character-search)29 b(\(C-]\))22
b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(133)2025 4891 y Fe
+(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(133)2025 4982 y Fe
(character-search-backward)31 b(\(M-C-]\))10 b Fc(:)15
-b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)25 b Fb(133)2025 4981
+b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)25 b Fb(133)2025 5071
y Fe(clear-screen)j(\(C-l\))14 b Fc(:)h(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)29
-b Fb(126)2025 5071 y Fe(complete)e(\(TAB\))7 b Fc(:)15
+b Fb(126)2025 5161 y Fe(complete)e(\(TAB\))7 b Fc(:)15
b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)22
-b Fb(130)2025 5161 y Fe(complete-command)29 b(\(M-!\))22
+b Fb(130)2025 5250 y Fe(complete-command)29 b(\(M-!\))22
b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(131)2025 5250 y Fe(complete-filename)29
+(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(131)2025 5340 y Fe(complete-filename)29
b(\(M-/\))20 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
-f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(131)2025 5340 y Fe
-(complete-hostname)29 b(\(M-@\))20 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)34
-b Fb(131)p eop end
+f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)34 b Fb(131)p eop end
%%Page: 178 184
TeXDict begin 178 183 bop 150 -116 a Fu(App)s(endix)29
-b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(178)150 264 y Fe(complete-into-braces)30
-b(\(M-{\))11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(132)150 354 y Fe(complete-username)j(\(M-~\))20
-b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)33 b Fb(131)150 444 y Fe(complete-variable)c(\(M-$\))20
+b(D:)i(Indexes)2623 b(178)150 264 y Fe(complete-hostname)29
+b(\(M-@\))20 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
+g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)33 b Fb(131)150 353 y Fe
+(complete-into-braces)d(\(M-{\))11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
+(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(132)150 443
+y Fe(complete-username)j(\(M-~\))20 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
+(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)33
+b Fb(131)150 533 y Fe(complete-variable)c(\(M-$\))20
b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)33 b Fb(131)150 534 y Fe(copy-backward-word)d(\(\))7
+(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)33 b Fb(131)150 622 y Fe(copy-backward-word)d(\(\))7
b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)21 b Fb(130)150 624 y Fe(copy-forward-word)
+(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)21 b Fb(130)150 712 y Fe(copy-forward-word)
29 b(\(\))9 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(130)150
-711 y Fe(copy-region-as-kill)30 b(\(\))22 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
+799 y Fe(copy-region-as-kill)30 b(\(\))22 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)36
-b Fb(130)146 1017 y Fs(D)150 1142 y Fe(dabbrev-expand)29
+b Fb(130)146 1096 y Fs(D)150 1220 y Fe(dabbrev-expand)29
b(\(\))17 b Fc(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)32
-b Fb(132)150 1232 y Fe(delete-char)c(\(C-d\))17 b Fc(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)
+b Fb(132)150 1310 y Fe(delete-char)c(\(C-d\))17 b Fc(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)32 b Fb(127)150 1322 y Fe(delete-char-or-list)e
+(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)32 b Fb(127)150 1399 y Fe(delete-char-or-list)e
(\(\))22 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(131)150 1412 y Fe
+g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)36 b Fb(131)150 1489 y Fe
(delete-horizontal-space)31 b(\(\))11 b Fc(:)i(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(129)150
-1502 y Fe(digit-argument)j(\()p Fd(M-0)p Fe(,)e Fd(M-1)p
+1579 y Fe(digit-argument)j(\()p Fd(M-0)p Fe(,)e Fd(M-1)p
Fe(,)f(...)g Fd(M--)p Fe(\))11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-26 b Fb(130)150 1592 y Fe(display-shell-version)k(\(C-x)d(C-v\))c
+26 b Fb(130)150 1668 y Fe(display-shell-version)k(\(C-x)d(C-v\))c
Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b
-Fb(134)150 1673 y Fe(do-lowercase-version)30 b(\(M-A,)227
-1761 y(M-B,)c(M-)p Fd(x)p Fe(,)h(...\))10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
+Fb(134)150 1749 y Fe(do-lowercase-version)30 b(\(M-A,)227
+1837 y(M-B,)c(M-)p Fd(x)p Fe(,)h(...\))10 b Fc(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(132)150 1851 y Fe(downcase-word)k(\(M-l\))
+g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(132)150 1926 y Fe(downcase-word)k(\(M-l\))
12 b Fc(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
-(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)26 b Fb(128)150 1941
+(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)26 b Fb(128)150 2016
y Fe(dump-functions)j(\(\))17 b Fc(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-32 b Fb(133)150 2031 y Fe(dump-macros)c(\(\))7 b Fc(:)14
+32 b Fb(133)150 2106 y Fe(dump-macros)c(\(\))7 b Fc(:)14
b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)22
-b Fb(134)150 2121 y Fe(dump-variables)29 b(\(\))17 b
+b Fb(134)150 2195 y Fe(dump-variables)29 b(\(\))17 b
Fc(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)32 b Fb(133)150
-2208 y Fe(dynamic-complete-history)f(\(M-TAB\))13 b Fc(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)27 b Fb(132)146 2514 y Fs(E)150
-2639 y Fe(edit-and-execute-command)k(\(C-x)c(C-e\))14
-b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)29 b Fb(134)150 2729
+2282 y Fe(dynamic-complete-history)f(\(M-TAB\))13 b Fc(:)i(:)e(:)g(:)g
+(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)27 b Fb(132)146 2580 y Fs(E)150
+2703 y Fe(edit-and-execute-command)k(\(C-x)c(C-e\))14
+b Fc(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)29 b Fb(134)150 2793
y Fe(end-kbd-macro)g(\(C-x)d(\)\))13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)28
-b Fb(132)150 2819 y Fd(end-of-file)g Fe(\(usually)g(C-d\))21
+b Fb(132)150 2883 y Fd(end-of-file)g Fe(\(usually)g(C-d\))21
b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
-(:)g(:)35 b Fb(127)150 2909 y Fe(end-of-history)29 b(\(M->\))9
+(:)g(:)35 b Fb(127)150 2972 y Fe(end-of-history)29 b(\(M->\))9
b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(126)150 2999 y
+(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(126)150 3062 y
Fe(end-of-line)k(\(C-e\))17 b Fc(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)32
-b Fb(125)150 3086 y Fe(exchange-point-and-mark)f(\(C-x)26
+b Fb(125)150 3149 y Fe(exchange-point-and-mark)f(\(C-x)26
b(C-x\))17 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)32
-b Fb(133)146 3392 y Fs(F)150 3517 y Fe(forward-backward-delete-char)g
+b Fb(133)146 3446 y Fs(F)150 3570 y Fe(forward-backward-delete-char)g
(\(\))15 b Fc(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)30
-b Fb(128)150 3607 y Fe(forward-char)e(\(C-f\))14 b Fc(:)h(:)e(:)g(:)g
+b Fb(128)150 3660 y Fe(forward-char)e(\(C-f\))14 b Fc(:)h(:)e(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)29 b Fb(125)150 3697 y Fe(forward-search-history)i
+h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)29 b Fb(125)150 3749 y Fe(forward-search-history)i
(\(C-s\))24 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)38 b Fb(126)150 3784 y Fe(forward-word)28 b(\(M-f\))14
+(:)38 b Fb(126)150 3837 y Fe(forward-word)28 b(\(M-f\))14
b Fc(:)h(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)29 b Fb(125)146 4079
-y Fs(G)150 4204 y Fe(glob-complete-word)h(\(M-g\))16
+g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)29 b Fb(125)146 4123
+y Fs(G)150 4247 y Fe(glob-complete-word)h(\(M-g\))16
b Fc(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(134)150 4294 y Fe(glob-expand-word)e(\(C-x)e(*\))c
+g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(134)150 4337 y Fe(glob-expand-word)e(\(C-x)e(*\))c
Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)38 b Fb(134)150 4382 y Fe(glob-list-expansions)30
+(:)g(:)g(:)38 b Fb(134)150 4424 y Fe(glob-list-expansions)30
b(\(C-x)d(g\))13 b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)27 b Fb(134)2021 294 y Fs(H)2025 422 y Fe
(history-and-alias-expand-line)32 b(\(\))13 b Fc(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
entered.
When @var{shell-command} is executed, the shell sets the
@code{READLINE_LINE} variable to the contents of the Readline line
-buffer and the @code{READLINE_POINT} variable to the current location
-of the insertion point.
-If the executed command changes the value of @code{READLINE_LINE} or
-@code{READLINE_POINT}, those new values will be reflected in the
-editing state.
+buffer and the @code{READLINE_POINT} and @code{READLINE_MARK} variables
+to the current location of the insertion point and the saved insertion
+point (the @var{mark}), respectively.
+If the executed command changes the value of any of @code{READLINE_LINE},
+@code{READLINE_POINT}, or @code{READLINE_MARK}, those new values will be
+reflected in the editing state.
@item -X
List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands
The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use
with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+@item READLINE_MARK
+The position of the @var{mark} (saved insertion point) in the
+Readline line buffer, for use
+with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
+The characters between the insertion point and the mark are often
+called the @var{region}.
+
@item READLINE_POINT
The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, for use
with @samp{bind -x} (@pxref{Bash Builtins}).
\entry{PWD}{84}{\code {PWD}}
\entry{RANDOM}{84}{\code {RANDOM}}
\entry{READLINE_LINE}{84}{\code {READLINE_LINE}}
+\entry{READLINE_MARK}{84}{\code {READLINE_MARK}}
\entry{READLINE_POINT}{84}{\code {READLINE_POINT}}
\entry{REPLY}{84}{\code {REPLY}}
\entry{SECONDS}{84}{\code {SECONDS}}
\initial {R}
\entry{\code {RANDOM}}{84}
\entry{\code {READLINE_LINE}}{84}
+\entry{\code {READLINE_MARK}}{84}
\entry{\code {READLINE_POINT}}{84}
\entry{\code {REPLY}}{84}
\entry{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{117}
Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is en-
tered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
- l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
- current location of the insertion point. If the executed
- command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
- editing state.
- -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT and R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK
+ variables to the current location of the insertion point
+ and the saved insertion point (the mark), respectively.
+ If the executed command changes the value of any of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_M\bMA\bAR\bRK\bK, those new
+ values will be reflected in the editing state.
+ -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
associated commands in a format that can be reused as in-
put.
- The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
+ The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
an error occurred.
b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk [_\bn]
- Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
- specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
- than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are ex-
- ited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
+ Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
+ specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
+ than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are ex-
+ ited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
equal to 1.
b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
+ Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function
- whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
+ whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
tionality of the builtin within the function. The c\bcd\bd builtin is
- commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
+ commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is not a shell builtin command.
c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins). With-
out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
- the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
+ the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
- and source file corresponding to that position in the current
- execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
- example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
- The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
- routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
+ and source file corresponding to that position in the current
+ execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
+ example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]] [-@]] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
- the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. Any addi-
+ Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
+ the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. Any addi-
tional arguments following _\bd_\bi_\br are ignored. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- defines the search path for the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br: each
- directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative di-
- rectory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null
- directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory,
+ defines the search path for the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br: each
+ directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative di-
+ rectory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null
+ directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory,
i.e., ``.\b.''. If _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
- used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical directory
- structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _\bd_\bi_\br and
+ used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical directory
+ structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _\bd_\bi_\br and
before processing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br (see also the -\b-P\bP option
to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links
- to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances
+ to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances
of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br. If _\b._\b. appears in _\bd_\bi_\br, it is processed by removing
- the immediately previous pathname component from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a
- slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied
- with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory cannot be success-
- fully determined after a successful directory change, c\bcd\bd will
- return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the
- -\b-@\b@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a
- file as a directory. An argument of -\b- is converted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD
+ the immediately previous pathname component from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a
+ slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied
+ with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory cannot be success-
+ fully determined after a successful directory change, c\bcd\bd will
+ return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the
+ -\b-@\b@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a
+ file as a directory. An argument of -\b- is converted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD
before the directory change is attempted. If a non-empty direc-
- tory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first argument,
+ tory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first argument,
and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of
- the new working directory is written to the standard output.
- The return value is true if the directory was successfully
+ the new working directory is written to the standard output.
+ The return value is true if the directory was successfully
changed; false otherwise.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
- executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
- find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv op-
- tion is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
- option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv op-
+ tion is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
- more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
- the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
- Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
- to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
- various shell variables set by the programmable completion fa-
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion fa-
cilities, while available, will not have useful values.
The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program-
mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple-
- tion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is specified,
+ tion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is specified,
only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt]
- [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd] [-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\b-
+ [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd] [-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\b-
_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
- -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
- completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
- ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
pletion specifications. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other sup-
- plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com-
- mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for
- which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option
- indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply
- to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted
- on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option indicates that other supplied
- options and actions should apply to completion on the initial
- non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter
- such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name completion. If
- multiple options are supplied, the -\b-D\bD option takes precedence
+ plied options and actions should apply to the ``default'' com-
+ mand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for
+ which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option
+ indicates that other supplied options and actions should apply
+ to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted
+ on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option indicates that other supplied
+ options and actions should apply to completion on the initial
+ non-assignment word on the line, or after a command delimiter
+ such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name completion. If
+ multiple options are supplied, the -\b-D\bD option takes precedence
over -\b-E\bE, and both take precedence over -\b-I\bI. If any of -\b-D\bD, -\b-E\bE, or
- -\b-I\bI are supplied, any other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ignored; these
+ -\b-I\bI are supplied, any other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ignored; these
completions only apply to the case specified by the option.
- The process of applying these completion specifications when
- word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bm-\b-
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bm-\b-
m\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
- -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (like adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
- if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
+ n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
+ if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
default).
- n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
+ n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
completions alphabetically.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the de-
- fault) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the de-
+ fault) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
generated, directory name completion is at-
tempted and any matches are added to the results
of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
output is used as the possible completions.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When the function is executed, the
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When the function is executed, the
first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose ar-
guments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is
the word being completed, and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is
- the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
- rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com-
- pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ the word preceding the word being completed on the cur-
+ rent command line. When it finishes, the possible com-
+ pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain
- shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
- The possible completions are the members of the resul-
+ shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
+ The possible completions are the members of the resul-
tant list which match the word being completed.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
- an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
- Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the _\bo_\bp_\b-
+ Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the _\bo_\bp_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion op-
- tions for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin de-
- scribed above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied op-
- tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion op-
+ tions for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin de-
+ scribed above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that other supplied op-
+ tions should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that other
- supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
- that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
+ supplied options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
indicates that other supplied options should apply to completion
- on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
- mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
+ on the initial non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
+ mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
completion.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of en-
- closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop)
- is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of en-
+ closing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level'' loop)
+ is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than
or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
- with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
- are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
- will display the attributes and values of all variables having
+ with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
+ are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
+ will display the attributes and values of all variables having
the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other
- options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the at-
- tributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option will
+ options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the at-
+ tributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option will
restrict the display to shell functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits
- the display of function definitions; only the function name and
+ the display of function definitions; only the function name and
attributes are printed. If the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled
- using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number where each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies
+ using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number where each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies
-\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces variables to be created or modified at
the global scope, even when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell func-
- tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The following options
- can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified
+ tion. It is ignored in all other cases. The following options
+ can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified
attribute or to give variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
- reference to another variable. That other variable is
- defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
- ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
- using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
- on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
+ -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
+ reference to another variable. That other variable is
+ defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
+ ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
+ using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
+ on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
-\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions in-
- herit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling shell.
+ herit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling shell.
The trace attribute has no special meaning for variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the en-
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the en-
vironment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
- the exceptions that +\b+a\ba and +\b+A\bA may not be used to destroy array
- variables and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ the exceptions that +\b+a\ba and +\b+A\bA may not be used to destroy array
+ variables and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When
used in a function, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt make each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as
- with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a
- variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable
- is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assign-
- ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do
- not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value
+ with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a
+ variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable
+ is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assign-
+ ment syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do
+ not take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value
is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made
to define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to
assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to as-
sign a value to an array variable without using the compound as-
- signment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
- valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
- only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
+ signment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
+ valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
+ only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to
display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b] [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di-
- rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc-
- tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the
- list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes entries
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered di-
+ rectories. The default display is on a single line with direc-
+ tory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to the
+ list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes entries
from the list. The current directory is always the first direc-
tory in the stack.
- -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
+ -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the en-
tries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... | _\bp_\bi_\bd ... ]
- Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
- jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
- option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
- is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
- marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell re-
+ Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
+ jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
+ option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
+ is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
+ marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell re-
ceives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means
- to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ar-
+ to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ar-
gument restricts operation to running jobs. The return value is
0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
- The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option
- is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
- characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
- tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
- interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
- to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these es-
- cape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean
- the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape se-
+ is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
+ characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
+ tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
+ interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
+ to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these es-
+ cape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean
+ the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape se-
quences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are en-
- abled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are en-
+ abled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
- The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
+ The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
- ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
- is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
- plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
- tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
- output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
- value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what _\bl_\bo_\b-
- _\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ _\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
- file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
- effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
+ effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
- variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
+ variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable name is followed by
=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns
an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one
- of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
+ of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
plied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
- from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
- them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
- the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
- index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
- an offset from the current command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not
+ The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
+ from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+ them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
+ the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
+ an offset from the current command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not
specified, it is set to the current command for listing (so that
- ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt other-
+ ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt other-
wise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified, it is set to the previous com-
mand for editing and -16 for listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
- so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
+ so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in-
- valid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an in-
+ valid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is ex-
pected to have an argument, which should be separated from it by
- white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be
- used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ white space. The colon and question mark characters may not be
+ used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an op-
tion requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into the
variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automatically;
- it must be manually reset between multiple calls to g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is
+ it must be manually reset between multiple calls to g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ within the same shell invocation if a new set of parameters is
to be used.
When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a re-
turn value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of the
first non-option argument, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
- arguments are supplied as _\ba_\br_\bg values, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those in-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ arguments are supplied as _\ba_\br_\bg values, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those in-
stead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in O\bOP\bP-\b-
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in O\bOP\bP-\b-
T\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd op-
- tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
+ tion causes the shell to forget the remembered location of each
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to which
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments
are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the hashed full
pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be displayed in a for-
- mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
+ mat that may be reused as input. If no arguments are given, or
if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remembered commands is
- printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
+ printed. The return status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found
or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
than the last history position, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
+ back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
refers to the current h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd command.
-\b-d\bd _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt-_\be_\bn_\bd
- Delete the history entries between positions _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and
- _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt
+ Delete the history entries between positions _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and
+ _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt
and _\be_\bn_\bd are interpreted as described above.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
- These are history lines entered since the beginning of
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
+ These are history lines entered since the beginning of
the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session, but not already appended to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
- pended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines ap-
+ pended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
- -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
the current history list.
-\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is
0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion supplied as
an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl|-\b-L\bL [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
- equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
+ equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid op-
tion is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ... | - ]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
- is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
- options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function are
- restored to their original values when the function returns.
- With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables to the
- standard output. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
+ is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
+ options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function are
+ restored to their original values when the function returns.
+ With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables to the
+ standard output. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a
function. The return status is 0 unless l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a
- function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly
+ function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly
variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
- input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
+ input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
string, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
- -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear _\ba_\br_\b-
_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
- Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
- removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
+ Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+ removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow-
ing meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
directories from the stack, so that only the stack is ma-
nipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
- and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
+ and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis-
tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
fails.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) format specifications, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
interprets the following extensions:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in the same way as e\bec\bch\bho\bo -\b-e\be.
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
- -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no ar-
gument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had been
- given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
+ given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf behav-
ior.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
- directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two di-
- rectories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two di-
+ rectories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.
Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
- or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
+ or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
stack is manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
- new current working directory as if it had been supplied
+ new current working directory as if it had been supplied
as the argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin.
If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
- fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an in-
valid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file de-
scriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split into
- words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
- word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
- ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
+ words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the first
+ word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the sec-
+ ond _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
- words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
- scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
+ the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
+ words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion (de-
+ scribed above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
(\\b\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char-
- acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
+ acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
variable _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, starting at 0. _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is unset before any
- new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
+ new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are ig-
nored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the in-
- put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
- string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
+ put line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
- not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read-
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read-
line's default filename completion.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- are read. The result is not split on the characters in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ are read. The result is not split on the characters in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see
the -\b-r\br option below).
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not then be used as a
line continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
- not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
- mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
- mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
+ not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
+ mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
+ mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, r\bre\bea\bad\bd saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
- turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
- exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
- file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit status is
+ the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd re-
+ turns immediately, without trying to read any data. The
+ exit status is 0 if input is available on the specified
+ file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit status is
greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
- able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is en-
- countered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater
- than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a
+ able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is en-
+ countered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater
+ than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a
readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is sup-
plied as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
- rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed ar-
+ rays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative ar-
rays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If no
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
- used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
- names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+ used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
+ names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+ that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
- fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
- that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If r\bre\be-\b-
t\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to de-
- termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
- handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
- command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
- cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
- is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
- the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
- that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
- command executed within the script as the exit status of the
+ termine the status is the last command executed before the trap
+ handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the last
+ command used to determine the status is the last command exe-
+ cuted by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn
+ is used outside a function, but during execution of a script by
+ the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop executing
+ that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of the last
+ command executed within the script as the exit status of the
script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least signif-
- icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
- plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
- not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
+ icant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is sup-
+ plied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function and
+ not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command
associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execution re-
sumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When op-
- tions are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When op-
+ tions are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
- $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
+ $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
meanings:
-\b-a\ba Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero status.
- The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
- part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
- or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
- e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
- &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
+ The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
+ part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
+ or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
+ e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
+ &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the
- command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
- compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
- zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
- ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
- set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
+ command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
+ compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
+ zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
+ ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
+ set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
- context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is ig-
nored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
- NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
+ The effect is as if the shell command ``IG-
+ NOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bi-\b-
a\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
below for a reference to a document that details
how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
- pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they ap-
+ pear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
shell functions, command substitutions, and commands ex-
- ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ ecuted in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The op-
tions can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of the
- shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
- turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
+ shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The re-
+ turn status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
- set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
- If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are un-
+ set. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to $\b$#\b#.
+ If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given, it is
assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional param-
- eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
+ eters are not changed. The return status is greater than zero
if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
-\b-o\bo option is used, those available with the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list
- of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
+ of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
whether or not each is set; if _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the output
- is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
- be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
+ is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
+ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other op-
tions have the following meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
- tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting op-
+ tions, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
a\bas\bss\bso\boc\bc_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
- If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
- sociative array subscripts during arithmetic expression
- evaluation, while executing builtins that can perform
- variable assignments, and while executing builtins that
+ If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of as-
+ sociative array subscripts during arithmetic expression
+ evaluation, while executing builtins that can perform
+ variable assignments, and while executing builtins that
perform array dereferencing.
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
(see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones ex-
iting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
- (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
- values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
+ (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
+ values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS. This option is enabled by
default.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
- easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
- enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
+ enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
history is enabled, as described above under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
- with respect to quoted arguments to the [\b[[\b[ conditional
+ with respect to quoted arguments to the [\b[[\b[ conditional
command's =\b=~\b~ operator and locale-specific string compar-
ison when using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> op-
erators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII col-
locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
- (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
- command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue
- with the next command in the list after one terminates
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
+ (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
+ command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue
+ with the next command in the list after one terminates
due to an interrupt.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
- (see description of c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1) and the effect of inter-
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
+ (see description of c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1) and the effect of inter-
rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later in-
terrupt the list as if the shell received the interrupt;
- previous versions continue with the next command in the
+ previous versions continue with the next command in the
list.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, treats a single quote
- in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
- character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
- ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
- considered quoted. This is the behavior of <posix mode
- through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, treats a single quote
+ in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
+ character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
+ ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
+ considered quoted. This is the behavior of <posix mode
+ through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
as in previous versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not process the replacement string in
- the pattern substitution word expansion using quote re-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not process the replacement string in
+ the pattern substitution word expansion using quote re-
moval.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not print a warning message if an at-
- tempt is made to use a quoted compound array assignment
- as an argument to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, makes word expansion errors
- non-fatal errors that cause the current command to fail
- (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that
- cause the shell to exit), and does not reset the loop
- state when a shell function is executed (this allows
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not print a warning message if an at-
+ tempt is made to use a quoted compound array assignment
+ as an argument to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, makes word expansion errors
+ non-fatal errors that cause the current command to fail
+ (the default behavior is to make them fatal errors that
+ cause the shell to exit), and does not reset the loop
+ state when a shell function is executed (this allows
b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in a shell function to affect loops in
the caller's context).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh saves the positional parameters to
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh saves the positional parameters to
BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC before they are used, regardless
of whether or not extended debugging mode is enabled.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
- pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that ex-
+ pand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
- fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
+ fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
- and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
+ and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
+ If set at shell invocation, or in a shell startup file,
arrange to execute the debugger profile before the shell
- starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
- ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
+ starts, identical to the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set af-
+ ter invocation, behavior intended for use by debuggers
is enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
simulates a call to r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
- ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
- scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
+ ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a de-
+ scription of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by de-
fault.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
- as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
- parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
- quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
- between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
+ as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
+ parisons. That is, the current locale's collating se-
+ quence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not collate
+ between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case ASCII
characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell ex-
its, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This op-
tion is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt
scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref at-
tribute is not inherited.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt
- If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
- function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
- them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
- cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
+ If set, calling u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt on local variables in previous
+ function scopes marks them so subsequent lookups find
+ them unset until that function returns. This is identi-
+ cal to the behavior of unsetting local variables at the
current function scope.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
- tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not at-
+ tempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn above) are enabled. This option is
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
- as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
- has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
+ If set, and programmable completion is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ treats a command name that doesn't have any completions
+ as a possible alias and attempts alias expansion. If it
+ has an alias, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts programmable completion us-
ing the command word resulting from the expanded alias.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
- moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote re-
+ moval after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
- stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in re-
+ stricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape se-
quences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and op-
- erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described in the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh manual page under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bI-\b-
- T\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does
- it accept and ignore an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described in the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh manual page under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bI-\b-
+ T\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does
+ it accept and ignore an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of
options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
- listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
- pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation de-
+ pends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell re-
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell re-
ceives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a sin-
- gle _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its origi-
- nal disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the shell).
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
- is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If _\ba_\br_\bg
- is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap commands
+ gle _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its origi-
+ nal disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the shell).
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
+ is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes. If _\ba_\br_\bg
+ is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap commands
associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no arguments are
- supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the list of com-
- mands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option causes the
- shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding
- numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\b-
- _\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive
+ supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the list of com-
+ mands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option causes the
+ shell to print a list of signal names and their corresponding
+ numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\b-
+ _\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are case insensitive
and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
ishes executing.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a
pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
- the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
+ the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command
- following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
- last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
+ last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
!\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be) op-
tion.
Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or re-
- set. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ set. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re-
- turned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the name
- of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified
- as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re-
- turn _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is re-
+ turned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the name
+ of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were specified
+ as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not re-
+ turn _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
- ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
- used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
+ ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
+ used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
the -\b-p\bp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
- not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
+ not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
function lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true
if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bSa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
- spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, re-
+ spectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft
limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is given.
- When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
- unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
+ When more than one resource is specified, the limit name and
+ unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-a\ba All current limits are reported
-\b-b\bb The maximum socket buffer size
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-k\bk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-P\bP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
- new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
- then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
- for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte
- blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values;
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte
+ blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values;
and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte incre-
ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu-
ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [-n\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
- is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
- has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
- Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
+ is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
+ has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, a function with that name, if any, is unset.
+ Each unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS,
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD,
- C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
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+ C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE, E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bC-\b-
+ N\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, or S\bSR\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
only.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [-\b-p\bp _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bi_\bd _\b._\b._\b.]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination
- status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
- a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
- background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
+ status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
+ a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for all running
+ background jobs and the last-executed process substitution, if
its process id is the same as $\b$!\b!, and the return status is zero.
- If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job to
+ If the -\b-n\bn option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for a single job to
terminate and returns its exit status. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied, the process or job identifier of the job for which the
- exit status is returned is assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- named by the option argument. The variable will be unset ini-
- tially, before any assignment. This is useful only when the -\b-n\bn
- option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option, when job control
- is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to terminate before re-
+ plied, the process or job identifier of the job for which the
+ exit status is returned is assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ named by the option argument. The variable will be unset ini-
+ tially, before any assignment. This is useful only when the -\b-n\bn
+ option is supplied. Supplying the -\b-f\bf option, when job control
+ is enabled, forces w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait for _\bi_\bd to terminate before re-
turning its status, instead of returning when it changes status.
If _\bi_\bd specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status
- is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ is 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
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-(If a non-empty)5.072 F .055(directory name from)144 204 R F1(CDP)2.555
-E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .055(is used, or if)2.305 F F
2<ad>2.555 E
+(If a non-empty)5.072 F .055(directory name from)144 228 R F2(CDP)2.555
+E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F0 .055(is used, or if)2.305 F F
3<ad>2.555 E
F0 .055(is the \214rst ar)2.555 F .054
(gument, and the directory change is suc-)-.18 F .168
-(cessful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 216 R 2.668(ww)-.25 G .168
+(cessful, the absolute pathname of the ne)144 240 R 2.668(ww)-.25 G .168
(orking directory is written to the standard output.)-2.768 F(The)5.168
-E(return v)144 228 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E
-(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F2(command)108
-244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A F3(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3
-(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 256.8 Q F3(command)2.765 E F0(with)
-3.335 E F3(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065
+E(return v)144 252 Q(alue is true if the directory w)-.25 E
+(as successfully changed; f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F3(command)108
+268.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255pVv)A F0(])A F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Run)144 280.8 Q F1(command)2.765 E F0(with)
+3.335 E F1(ar)2.895 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .065
(suppressing the normal shell function lookup.)2.835 F .064(Only b)5.064
-F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 268.8 R
-F1 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F
2<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)
-3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F3(command)3.202 E
-F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 280.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4
-(alue for)-.25 F F1 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399
+F .064(uiltin commands or)-.2 F .501(commands found in the)144 292.8 R
+F2 -.666(PA)3.001 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .502(are e)2.751 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+3.002(cuted. If).15 F(the)3.002 E F
3<ad70>3.002 E F0 .502(option is gi)
+3.002 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .502(n, the search for).15 F F1(command)3.202 E
+F0(is)3.772 E .4(performed using a def)144 304.8 R .4(ault v)-.1 F .4
+(alue for)-.25 F F2 -.666(PA)2.9 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .399
(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If)
-5.399 E .174(either the)144 292.8 R F2<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F2
-<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F3
-(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F
2<ad76>2.675 E
-F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 304.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F
+5.399 E .174(either the)144 316.8 R F3<ad56>2.674 E F0(or)2.674 E F3
+<ad76>2.674 E F0 .175(option is supplied, a description of)2.674 F F1
+(command)2.875 E F0 .175(is printed.)3.445 F(The)5.175 E F
3<ad76>2.675 E
+F0 .175(option causes)2.675 F 3.318(as)144 328.8 S .818(ingle w)-3.318 F
.817(ord indicating the command or \214lename used to in)-.1 F -.2(vo)
--.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F3(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087
-F F2<ad56>144 316.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249
-(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F
2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
-2.749 E F
2<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25
-(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 328.8 R F3(command)3.705 E F0 -.1
+-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G F1(command)3.617 E F0 .817(to be displayed; the)4.087
+F F3<ad56>144 340.8 Q F0 .249(option produces a more v)2.749 F .249
+(erbose description.)-.15 F .249(If the)5.249 F F
3<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
+2.749 E F
3<ad76>2.75 E F0 .25(option is supplied, the e)2.75 F .25
+(xit status)-.15 F 1.005(is 0 if)144 352.8 R F1(command)3.705 E F0 -.1
(wa)4.275 G 3.505(sf).1 G 1.005(ound, and 1 if not.)-3.505 F 1.004
-(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F3
-(command)144.2 340.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599
+(If neither option is supplied and an error occurred or)6.005 F F1
+(command)144.2 364.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599
(xit status is 127.)-.15 F 1.599(Otherwise, the e)6.599 F 1.599
-(xit status of the)-.15 F F2(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 352.8 S
-(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F3(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F2
-(compgen)108 369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(wor)-2.5 E(d)
--.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 381.6 R
-F3(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F3(option)2.513
+(xit status of the)-.15 F F3(command)4.099 E F0 -.2(bu)144 376.8 S
+(iltin is the e).2 E(xit status of)-.15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(.).77 E F3
+(compgen)108 393.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(wor)-2.5 E(d)
+-.37 E F0(])A .013(Generate possible completion matches for)144 405.6 R
+F1(wor)2.513 E(d)-.37 E F0 .013(according to the)2.513 F F1(option)2.513
E F0 .013(s, which may be an)B 2.512(yo)-.15 G(ption)-2.512 E .981
-(accepted by the)144 393.6 R F2(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
-(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F
2<ad70>3.481 E F0(and)
-3.481 E F
2<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the)
--3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 405.6 R .131(When using the)5.131 F
-F
2<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F2<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)
+(accepted by the)144 417.6 R F3(complete)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
+(iltin with the e).2 F .981(xception of)-.15 F F
3<ad70>3.481 E F0(and)
+3.481 E F
3<ad72>3.481 E F0 3.481(,a)C .982(nd write the matches to the)
+-3.481 F .131(standard output.)144 429.6 R .131(When using the)5.131 F
+F
3<ad46>2.631 E F0(or)2.631 E F3<ad43>2.631 E F0 .131(options, the v)
2.631 F .13(arious shell v)-.25 F .13(ariables set by the program-)-.25
-F(mable completion f)144 417.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+F(mable completion f)144 441.6 Q(acilities, while a)-.1 E -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable, will not ha).25 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.2 H(seful v).15 E(alues.)-.25
-E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 441.6 R .352
+E .352(The matches will be generated in the same w)144 465.6 R .352
(ay as if the programmable completion code had gen-)-.1 F .02(erated th\
em directly from a completion speci\214cation with the same \215ags.)144
-453.6 R(If)5.02 E F3(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)
-2.52 F(those completions matching)144 465.6 Q F3(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0
-(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 489.6 Q
+477.6 R(If)5.02 E F1(wor)2.52 E(d)-.37 E F0 .02(is speci\214ed, only)
+2.52 F(those completions matching)144 489.6 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0
+(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 513.6 Q
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
-(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2
-(complete)108 506.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
-<ad6f>-2.5 E F3(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F2<ad41>-2.5 E F3(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad47>-2.5 E F3
-(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad57>-2.5 E F3(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0
-(])A([)144 5
18.4 Q F2<ad46>A F3(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5
-E F3(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad58>-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0
-2.5(][)C F
2<ad50>-2.5 E F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>
--2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3
-(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108 530.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DEI)
-A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 542.4 R
-3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.133
-E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F
2<ad70>3.134
+(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F3
+(complete)108 530.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 2.5(][)C F3
+<ad6f>-2.5 E F1(comp-option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(\255DEI)-2.5 E F0 2.5
+(][)C F3<ad41>-2.5 E F1(action)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad47>-2.5 E F1
+(globpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad57>-2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(dlist)-.37 E F0
+(])A([)144 5
42.4 Q F3<ad46>A F1(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad43>-2.5
+E F1(command)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad58>-2.5 E F1(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0
+2.5(][)C F
3<ad50>-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad53>
+-2.5 E F1(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+(name ...)A F0(])A F3(complete \255pr)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255DEI)
+A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .633(Specify ho)144 566.4 R
+3.133(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.133 G .633(uments to each).18 F F1(name)3.133
+E F0 .633(should be completed.)3.133 F .634(If the)5.634 F F
3<ad70>3.134
E F0 .634(option is supplied, or if no)3.134 F .14
-(options are supplied, e)144 554.4 R .139
+(options are supplied, e)144 578.4 R .139
(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15 F .139
(ay that allo)-.1 F .139(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)144
-5
66.4 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15
-G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3(name)
-2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F3
+5
90.4 R(The)5.31 E F3<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15
+G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F1(name)
+2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F1
(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.208
-(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 578.4 R(The)6.208 E
-F
2<ad44>3.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options)
-3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 590.4 R(`def)-.74 E
+(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 602.4 R(The)6.208 E
+F
3<ad44>3.708 E F0 1.207(option indicates that other supplied options)
+3.707 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 614.4 R(`def)-.74 E
(ault')-.1 E 3('c)-.74 G .5
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on)-3 F 3.455(ac)144
-602.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955
-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F
2<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955
+626.4 S .955(ommand for which no completion has pre)-3.455 F .955
+(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)5.955 E F
3<ad45>3.455 E F0 .955
(option indicates that)3.455 F .876
-(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 614.4 R
+(other supplied options and actions should apply to `)144 638.4 R
(`empty')-.74 E 3.376('c)-.74 G .876(ommand completion; that is, com-)
--3.376 F .448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 626.4 R(The)5.447 E
+-3.376 F .448(pletion attempted on a blank line.)144 650.4 R(The)5.447 E
(option indicates that other supplied options and actions)2.947 F .123
-(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 638.4 R
+(should apply to completion on the initial non-assignment w)144 662.4 R
.123(ord on the line, or after a command de-)-.1 F 1.021
-(limiter such as)144 650.4 R F2(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F2(|)3.521 E F0
+(limiter such as)144 674.4 R F3(;)3.521 E F0(or)3.521 E F3(|)3.521 E F0
3.521(,w)C 1.021(hich is usually command name completion.)-3.521 F 1.02
-(If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 662.4 R F2
+(If multiple options are sup-)6.02 F .707(plied, the)144 686.4 R F3
<ad44>3.207 E F0 .707(option tak)3.207 F .707(es precedence o)-.1 F -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F
2<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208
-F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2
+(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F
3<ad45>3.208 E F0 3.208(,a)C .708(nd both tak)-3.208
+F 3.208(ep)-.1 G .708(recedence o)-3.208 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F3
<ad49>3.208 E F0 5.708(.I)C 3.208(fa)-5.708 G 1.008 -.15(ny o)-3.208 H
-(f).15 E F2<ad44>3.208 E F0(,)A F2<ad45>144 674.4 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r)
--2.604 E F
2<ad49>2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15
-G(ther)-2.603 E F3(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103
+(f).15 E F3<ad44>3.208 E F0(,)A F3<ad45>144 698.4 Q F0 2.604(,o)C(r)
+-2.604 E F
3<ad49>2.604 E F0 .103(are supplied, an)2.603 F 2.603(yo)-.15
+G(ther)-2.603 E F1(name)2.603 E F0(ar)2.603 E .103
(guments are ignored; these completions only apply to the)-.18 F
-(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 686.4 Q .152
-(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
-710.4 R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144
-722.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E
-(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
-149.565 E(3)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
+(case speci\214ed by the option.)144 710.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
+(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(3)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 4 4
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .556(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144
-84 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F
-.555(The ar)5.555 F .555(guments to the)-.18 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>
-3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary)144 96 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)
--3.222 E F1<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723
-(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E
-(sion before the)144 108 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144 120 Q/F2
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 132 Q F2(comp-option)
-2.791 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .152
+(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144 84
+R .153(ord completion is attempted is de-)-.1 F(scribed abo)144 96 Q .3
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)2.5 E
+(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556
+(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 120 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
+(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
+(guments to the)-.18 F F1<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F1<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055
+(,a)C(nd)-3.055 E F1<ad58>3.055 E F0 .722(options \(and, if necessary)
+144 132 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F1<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E F1
+<ad53>3.222 E F0 .723(options\) should be quoted to protect them from e)
+3.222 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion before the)144 144 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.5 G(iltin is in).2 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E F1<ad6f>144
+156 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(comp-option)2.5 E F0(The)184 168 Q F2
+(comp-option)2.791 E F0 .291(controls se)2.791 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .291
(ral aspects of the compspec').15 F 2.791(sb)-.55 G(eha)-2.791 E .291
(vior be)-.2 F .291(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)
-184 144 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184
-156 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 168 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)
+184 180 Q F2(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F1(bashdefault)184
+192 Q F0 .281(Perform the rest of the def)224 204 R(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)
2.781 E F0 .281(completions if the compspec generates no)2.781 F
-(matches.)224 180 Q F1(default)184 192 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 192
+(matches.)224 216 Q F1(default)184 228 Q F0 2.876(Use readline')224 228
R 5.376(sd)-.55 G(ef)-5.376 E 2.875
(ault \214lename completion if the compspec generates no)-.1 F(matches.)
-224 204 Q F1(dir)184 216 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\
-etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 228 Q F1(\214lenames)184
-240 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 252 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \
+224 240 Q F1(dir)184 252 Q(names)-.15 E F0(Perform directory name compl\
+etion if the compspec generates no matches.)224 264 Q F1(\214lenames)184
+276 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 288 S .137(ll readline that the compspec generates \
\214lenames, so it can perform an).7 F 2.637<798c>-.15 G(le-)-2.637 E
-.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 264 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134
+.134(name\255speci\214c processing \(lik)224 300 R 2.634(ea)-.1 G .134
(dding a slash to directory names, quoting spe-)-2.634 F .45
-(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 276 R .45
-(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 288 Q F1(noquote)
-184 300 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 300 S .814
+(cial characters, or suppressing trailing spaces\).)224 312 R .45
+(Intended to be used with shell)5.45 F(functions.)224 324 Q F1(noquote)
+184 336 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 336 S .814
(ll readline not to quote the completed w).7 F .814(ords if the)-.1 F
3.314(ya)-.15 G .814(re \214lenames \(quoting)-3.314 F
-(\214lenames is the def)224 312 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 324 Q F0
--.7(Te)224 324 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\
-ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 336 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 336 S
+(\214lenames is the def)224 348 Q(ault\).)-.1 E F1(nosort)184 360 Q F0
+-.7(Te)224 360 S(ll readline not to sort the list of possible completio\
+ns alphabetically).7 E(.)-.65 E F1(nospace)184 372 Q F0 -.7(Te)224 372 S
.22(ll readline not to append a space \(the def).7 F .22(ault\) to w)-.1
-F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 348 Q F1
-(plusdirs)184 360 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 360 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985
+F .22(ords completed at the end)-.1 F(of the line.)224 384 Q F1
+(plusdirs)184 396 Q F0 1.985(After an)224 396 R 4.485(ym)-.15 G 1.985
(atches de\214ned by the compspec are generated, directory name)-4.485 F
-.583(completion is attempted and an)224 372 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
-(atches are added to the results of the other)-3.084 F(actions.)224 384
-Q F1<ad41>144 396 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 408 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0
+.583(completion is attempted and an)224 408 R 3.084(ym)-.15 G .584
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+Q F1<ad41>144 432 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0(The)184 444 Q F2(action)2.5 E F0
(may be one of the follo)2.5 E
(wing to generate a list of possible completions:)-.25 E F1(alias)184
-4
20 Q F0(Alias names.)224 420 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1(arrayv)184 432 Q(ar)-.1 E F0(Array v)224 444 Q
-(ariable names.)-.25 E F1(binding)184 456 Q(Readline)224 456 Q F0 -.1
-(ke)2.5 G 2.5(yb)-.05 G(inding names.)-2.5 E F1 -.2(bu)184 468 S(iltin)
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-Q F0(Command names.)224
492 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
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-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(disabled)184 528
-Q F0(Names of disabled shell b)224 540 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(enabled)184
-552 Q F0(Names of enabled shell b)224 552 Q(uiltins.)-.2 E F1(export)184
-564 Q F0(Names of e)224 564 Q(xported shell v)-.15 E 2.5(ariables. May)
+4
56 Q F0(Alias names.)224 456 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>
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528 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
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-.25 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(\214le)184
-
576 Q F0(File names.)224 576 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>
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612 Q F0(File names.)224 612 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>
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-624 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 636 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
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F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.056(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
-184 192 Q F1<ad46>144 204 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .113
-(The shell function)184 216 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
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-.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1
($1)A F0 3.316(\)i)C 3.316(st)-3.316 G .816
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($2)A F0 3.907(\)i)C 3.907(st)-3.907 G 1.407(he w)-3.907 F 1.407
-(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 252 R .104
+(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .104(third ar)184 288 R .104
(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.604(\)i)C 2.604(st)-2.604 G .104(he w)
-2.604 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .103
-(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 264 R
+(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 300 R
.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the)
--.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 276 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25
-E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 288 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008
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+E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 324 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008
+(The pathname e)184 336 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507
E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)
--.15 F(tions.)184 312 Q F1<ad50>144 324 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
-184 336 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
+-.15 F(tions.)184 348 Q F1<ad50>144 360 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
+184 372 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 348 Q F1<ad53>144 360 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
-<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 360 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 384 Q F1<ad53>144 396 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
+<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 396 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 372 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 384 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
+E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 408 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
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(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F .98
-(each resultant w)184 396 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
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F .981(quoting is honored within)3.481 F F2(wor)3.481 E(dlist)-.37 E F0
-3.481(,i)C 3.481(no)-3.481 G .981(rder to)-3.481 F(pro)184 408 Q .766
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(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765
(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25
-(va)184 420 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
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A F0 1.964
(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which)
-6.464 F(match the w)184 432 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 444
-Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 456 Q F0 .456
+6.464 F(match the w)184 468 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 480
+Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 492 Q F0 .456
(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 468 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 480 Q F2(\214lterpat)
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+(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 516 Q F2(\214lterpat)
3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
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-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 492 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
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--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 508.8 R .466
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 544.8 R .466
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
-(plied without a)144 520.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
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(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
-1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 532.8 Q F0
+1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 568.8 Q F0
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
-F1(compopt)108 5
49.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
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85.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
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R F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0
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-(completion if no)144 573.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
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(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
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-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 585.6 Q F2(name)
+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 621.6 Q F2(name)
3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 597.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
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2.678 G .178(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.178(.T).15 G(he)
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(option indicates that other supplied options should apply to)2.678 F
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+no)-3.727 F 2.039(completion has pre)144 657.6 R 2.039
(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.038 E F1<ad45>4.538 E F0 2.038
(option indicates that other supplied options)4.538 F 1.538
-(should apply to `)144 633.6 R(`empty')-.74 E 4.038('c)-.74 G 1.539
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(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)
--4.038 F(The)144 6
45.6 Q F1<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\
+-4.038 F(The)144 6
81.6 Q F1<ad49>3.02 E F0 .52(option indicates that ot\
her supplied options should apply to completion on the initial non-)3.02
-F .867(assignment w)144 657.6 R .868
+F .867(assignment w)144 693.6 R .868
(ord on the line, or after a command delimiter such as)-.1 F F1(;)3.368
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-(the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 120 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(l').15 E 3.683('l)-.74 G 1.183(oop\) is resumed.)-3.683 F 1.184
-(The return v)6.184 F 1.184(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
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80 Q F1<ad76>
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-232.8 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258
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285.6 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F
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321.6 R F1<ad61>2.596 E F0 .096(nor the)2.596 F
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(If no)5.462 F F2(jobspec)5.202 E F0 .962(is supplied, the)3.772 F F1
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-H 3.462(rm).15 G .962(ark all)-3.462 F 1.358(jobs; the)144 321.6 R F1
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<ad72>3.858 E F0 1.358(option without a)3.858 F F2(jobspec)5.598 E F0
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-1.359(The return)6.359 F -.25(va)144 333.6 S(lue is 0 unless a).25 E F2
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(jobspec)4.24 E F0(does not specify a v)2.81 E(alid job)-.25 E(.)-.4 E
-F1(echo)108 350.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)
--.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 362.4 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E
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-(error occurs.)144
374.4 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307
+(error occurs.)144
410.4 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307
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F .308(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E .198(pretation of the follo)144
-386.4 R .198(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)
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-(xpg_echo)144 410.4 Q F0 .602
+(xpg_echo)144 446.4 Q F0 .602
(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.102
F F1(echo)3.101 E F0 -.15(ex)3.101 G .601(pands these).15 F .658
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(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.659 E F0(inter)3.159 E(-)
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-144 446.4 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 446.4 Q F1(\\b)144 458.4 Q F0
-(backspace)180 458.4 Q F1(\\c)144 470.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180
-470.4 Q F1(\\e)144 482.4 Q(\\E)144 494.4 Q F0(an escape character)180
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-(carriage return)180 530.4 Q F1(\\t)144 542.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180
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-F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 578.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25
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-(\\x)144 590.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 590.4 Q
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(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0
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-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 650.4 R .547
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(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is en-)-.2 F 2.873
-(abled. If)144
156 R F2<ad73>2.873 E F0 .372
-(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.873 F F3(special)
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216 R F1<ad73>2.873 E F0 .372
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(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.17 F .671
-(This command is then read)5.671 F .479(and e)144 208.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
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2<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
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1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
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2<ad63>2.98 E F0
-.48(option causes)2.98 F F3(com-)3.18 E(mand)144 285.6 Q F0 .639
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1<ad63>2.98 E F0
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-(vironment. If)-.4 F F
2<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
-(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F3(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the)
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(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E .636
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(automatically; it must be manually reset)2.816 F .39
-(between multiple calls to)144 345.6 R F2(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39
+(between multiple calls to)144 405.6 R F3(getopts)2.89 E F0 .39
(within the same shell in)2.89 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .389(cation if a ne).2 F
-2.889(ws)-.25 G .389(et of parameters is to)-2.889 F(be used.)144 357.6
-Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 381.6 R F2(getopts)
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+Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 441.6 R F3(getopts)
4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044
-(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 393.6 Q F0
+(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 453.6 Q F0
(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0
-(is set to ?.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 417.6 Q F0 .485
+(is set to ?.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 477.6 Q F0 .485
(normally parses the positional parameters, b)2.985 F .485
(ut if more ar)-.2 F .485(guments are supplied as)-.18 F F1(ar)3.315 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 429.6 Q F2(getopts)2.5 E
-F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F2(getopts)144 453.6 Q F0 .345
+(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(va)3.205 G(l-).25 E(ues,)144 489.6 Q F3(getopts)2.5 E
+F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F3(getopts)144 513.6 Q F0 .345
(can report errors in tw)2.845 F 2.845(ow)-.1 G 2.845(ays. If)-2.945 F
.345(the \214rst character of)2.845 F F1(optstring)3.075 E F0 .345
(is a colon,)3.065 F F1(silent)3.185 E F0 .345(error re-)3.525 F 1.669
-(porting is used.)144 465.6 R 1.668
+(porting is used.)144 525.6 R 1.668
(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.669 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.668(lid options or).25 F .393(missing option ar)144
-477.6 R .393(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F
-(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394
-(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 489.6 Q
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+(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394
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-F1(optstring)2.73 E F0(is not a colon.)2.72 E .667(If an in)144 513.6 R
--.25(va)-.4 G .667(lid option is seen,).25 F F2(getopts)3.167 E F0 .667
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(places ? into)3.167 F F1(name)3.527 E F0 .666
(and, if not silent, prints an error message)3.347 F .399(and unsets)144
-525.6 R F3(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0(If)4.899 E F2(getopts)2.899
-E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F3
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+E F0 .399(is silent, the option character found is placed in)2.899 F F4
(OPT)2.899 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .4(and no)2.65 F
-(diagnostic message is printed.)144 537.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144
-561.6 R 1.242(gument is not found, and)-.18 F F2(getopts)3.741 E F0
-1.241(is not silent, a question mark \()3.741 F F2(?).833 E F0 3.741
+(diagnostic message is printed.)144 597.6 Q 1.242(If a required ar)144
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(\)i).833 G 3.741(sp)-3.741 G 1.241(laced in)-3.741 F F1(name)144.36
-573.6 Q F0(,).18 E F3(OPT)2.713 E(ARG)-.81 E F0 .213
-(is unset, and a diagnostic message is printed.)2.463 F(If)5.213 E F2
-(getopts)2.713 E F0 .213(is silent, then a colon \()2.713 F F2(:).833 E
-F0(\)).833 E(is placed in)144 585.6 Q F1(name)2.86 E F0(and)2.68 E F3
-(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F2
-(getopts)144 609.6 Q F0 .902
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+(OPT)2.5 E(ARG)-.81 E F0(is set to the option character found.)2.25 E F3
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(returns true if an option, speci\214ed or unspeci\214ed, is found.)
3.402 F .902(It returns f)5.902 F .901(alse if the end of)-.1 F
-(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 621.6 Q F2(hash)108
-6
38.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F1(\214lename)
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-.858(Each time)144 650.4 R F2(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)
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+6
98.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E F1(\214lename)
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-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .858(d, the full pathname of the command).1 F F1(name)
3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956
-(the directories in)144 662.4 R F2($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0
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-(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .242(If the)144 674.4
-R F2<ad70>2.742 E F0 .243
-(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.742 F F1
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-(of the command.)144 686.4 R(The)5.615 E F2<ad72>3.115 E F0 .615
-(option causes the shell to for)3.115 F .615
-(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)5.615 E F2<ad64>3.115 E F0
-(op-)3.115 E .293(tion causes the shell to for)144 698.4 R .293
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-C 2.794(ft)-5.294 G(he)-2.794 E F2<ad74>2.794 E F0 .294
-(option is supplied,)2.794 F .028(the full pathname to which each)144
-710.4 R F1(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028
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-(guments are sup-)-.18 F .175(plied with)144 722.4 R F2<ad74>2.675 E F0
-2.675(,t)C(he)-2.675 E F1(name)2.675 E F0 .175
-(is printed before the hashed full pathname.)2.675 F(The)5.175 E F2
-<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176(option causes output to)2.676 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72
-768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(9)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
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+(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(9)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 10 10
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
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-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .783
-(be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144 84 R .783
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+120 R F2(name)2.528 E F0 .028(corresponds is printed.)2.528 F .028
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(If no ar)5.783 F .783(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .783
-(n, or if only).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6c>3.283 E F0(is)3.283 E
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-R .807(The return status is true unless a)5.807 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
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-(lid option is supplied.).25 E F1(help)108 124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
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-(Display helpful information about b)144 136.8 R .867(uiltin commands.)
--.2 F(If)5.867 E F2(pattern)4.617 E F0 .866(is speci\214ed,)3.607 F F1
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-(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 160.8 Q F1
-<ad64>144 172.8 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 172.8 Q F2
-(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 184.8 Q F0(Display the description of each)
-180 184.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G
-(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 196.8 Q F0
-(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 196.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5
-E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 213.6 Q F2
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-(history \255c)108 242.4 Q(history \255d)108 254.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)
--.18 E F1(history \255d)108
266.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1
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-(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(history \255s)108 302.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)
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+E F1(help)108 184.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255dms)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pattern)
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+(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 220.8 Q F1
+<ad64>144 232.8 Q F0(Display a short description of each)180 232.8 Q F2
+(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 244.8 Q F0(Display the description of each)
+180 244.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5 E F0(in a manpage-lik)2.5 E 2.5(ef)-.1 G
+(ormat)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 256.8 Q F0
+(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)180 256.8 Q F2(pattern)2.5
+E F0(The return status is 0 unless no command matches)144 273.6 Q F2
+(pattern)3.75 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 290.4 Q F2(n)A F1(])A
+(history \255c)108 302.4 Q(history \255d)108 314.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)
+-.18 E F1(history \255d)108
326.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F1
+(history \255anrw)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A F1
+(history \255p)108 350.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5
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-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A 2.5(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.4(Wi)144
-314.4 S .752
+374.4 S .752
(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
.752(Lines listed with a)5.752 F F1(*)3.251 E F0(ha)3.251 E -.15(ve)-.2
-G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 326.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F
+G .38(been modi\214ed.)144 386.4 R .38(An ar)5.38 F .38(gument of)-.18 F
F2(n)3.24 E F0 .38(lists only the last)3.12 F F2(n)3.24 E F0 2.88
(lines. If)3.12 F .38(the shell v)2.88 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 338.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.881 E(MA)144 398.4 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .265
(is set and not null, it is used as a format string for)2.515 F F2
(strftime)2.764 E F0 .264(\(3\) to display the time stamp asso-)B 1.019
-(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 350.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G
+(ciated with each displayed history entry)144 410.4 R 6.019(.N)-.65 G
3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019
(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176
-(time stamp and the history line.)144 362.4 R(If)5.176 E F2(\214lename)
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2.676 E F0 .176
(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F
-(not, the v)144 374.4 Q(alue of)-.25 E F3(HISTFILE)2.5 E F0(is used.)
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2.25 E(Options, if supplied, ha)5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 386.4 Q F0
-(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 386.4 Q F1
-<ad64>144 398.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389
-(Delete the history entry at position)180 410.4 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 446.4 Q F0
+(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 446.4 Q F1
+<ad64>144 458.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389
+(Delete the history entry at position)180 470.4 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)
-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)
2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.89(,i).15 G 2.89(ti)
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-.599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 422.4 R
+.599(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180 482.4 R
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .598
-(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 434.4 Q 2.5(,a)
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-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
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-<ad64>144
446.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .757
-(Delete the history entries between positions)180 458.4 R F2(start)3.257
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506.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .757
+(Delete the history entries between positions)180 518.4 R F2(start)3.257
E F0(and)3.258 E F2(end)3.258 E F0 3.258(,i)C(nclusi)-3.258 E -.15(ve)
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-.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 470.4 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H
+.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 530.4 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H
(alues for)-.1 E F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0
(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61>
-144 482.4 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 482.4 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065
+144 542.4 Q F0 .565(Append the `)180 542.4 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.065
('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.065 F .564
-(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 494.4 Q
+(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 554.4 Q
(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E
-(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 506.4
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Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\
-le into the current history list.)180 506.4 R .773
-(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 518.4 R
+le into the current history list.)180 566.4 R .773
+(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 578.4 R
.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E
-(sion.)180 530.4 Q F1<ad72>144 542.4 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\
-ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 542.4 Q F1
-<ad77>144 554.4 Q F0
-(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 554.4 Q
+(sion.)180 590.4 Q F1<ad72>144 602.4 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\
+ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 602.4 Q F1
+<ad77>144 614.4 Q F0
+(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 614.4 Q
-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G
-(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 566.4 Q F0 .625
-(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 566.4 R(wing)-.25 E F2
+(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 626.4 Q F0 .625
+(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 626.4 R(wing)-.25 E F2
(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)
-3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 578.4 R .475
+3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 638.4 R .475
(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar)
2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
-(normal history e)180 590.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 602.4 Q F0
-.362(Store the)180 602.4 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
+(normal history e)180 650.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 662.4 Q F0
+.362(Store the)180 662.4 R F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363
-(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 614.4 Q -.15
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(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
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%%Page: 11 11
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-(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 120 Q F1
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(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
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273.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
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333.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
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6 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad4e>
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-(nd so on.)-2.876 F .376(If there are more w)5.376 F(ords)-.1 E .237
-(than names, the remaining w)144 386.4 R .237(ords and their interv)-.1
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-(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F(Op-)5.488 E
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-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>144 84 Q/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 96 Q F2(pr)3.661
-E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161
-(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)
--.25 F(an)180 108 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .608(characters are read.)180 84 R .608
+(The result is not split on the characters in)5.608 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(IFS)3.108 E F0 3.108(;t)C .609(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25
+(va)180 96 S .67(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
+(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .669
+(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 108 Q F0(option belo)
+2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 120 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pr)2.5 E
+(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 132 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
+(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
+-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 144 Q 2.5
+(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 120 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-180 120 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F .493(the line.)180 132 R .493(In particular)5.493 F 2.993(,ab)
--.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.993 E .493
+<ad72>144 156 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+180 156 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of)
+-5.543 F .492(the line.)180 168 R .492(In particular)5.492 F 2.992(,ab)
+-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.992 E .493
(wline pair may not then be used as a line continua-)-.25 F(tion.)180
-144 Q F1<ad73>144 156 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 156 Q
+180 Q F1<ad73>144 192 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 192 Q
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 168 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 180 Q F1 -.18(re)2.928 G
-(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.928 F .428
-(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561
-(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 192 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0
-(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .56(may be a decimal number)
-3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 204 Q
+<ad74>144 204 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 216 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G
+(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428
+(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56
+(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 228 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0
+(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number)
+3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 240 Q
(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-216 R .505(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 228 R .589
-(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
-(times out,)3.089 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)
--.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59
-(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 240 S(riable)
+252 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 264 R .59
+(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
+(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2
+G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
+(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 276 S(riable)
.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27
(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77
F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
-(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 252 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)
+(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 288 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)
-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
.25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G 1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180
-264 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)
-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 276 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 276 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477
-(If no)144 292.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477
-(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
-F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 304.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad)
-.18 E F0 .773
-(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F
--.25(va)144 316.8 S .853
-(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F .852
-(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .852(lid \214le de-).25
-F(scriptor is supplied as the ar)144 3
28.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 345.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A
+300 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)
+.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 312 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 312 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476
+(If no)144 328.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476
+(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E
+/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
+F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 340.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad)
+.18 E F0 .772
+(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F
+-.25(va)144 352.8 S .852
+(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F .853
+(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .853(lid \214le de-).25
+F(scriptor is supplied as the ar)144 3
64.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>
+2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 381.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A
F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A
-(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 357.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 393.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)
-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 369.6 R
-1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
-(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 381.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 405.6 R
+1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
+(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
+(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 417.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 393.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
-(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.27
7 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
-F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name)
-3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 405.6 R -.15(ve)
+-.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 429.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
+(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.27
6 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
+F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name)
+3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 441.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
-.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 417.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
-<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786
+.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 453.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
+<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 429.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-441.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
+144 465.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
+477.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 453.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
+144 489.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 465.6 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 482.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 494.4 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
-(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
-(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 506.4 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
-F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 518.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
+(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 501.6 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 518.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 530.4 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
+(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
+5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 542.4 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
+F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G(cuted).15 E .267(by a trap handler)144 554.4 R 2.767(,t)-.4 G .267
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
--2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .267(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
-144 530.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+-2.767 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .268(cuted be-).15 F .02(fore the trap handler)
+144 566.4 R 5.02(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F1 -.18(re)2.52 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15
E F0 .02(is e)2.52 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)2.52
E(UG)-.1 E F0 .02(trap, the last command used to deter)2.52 F(-)-.2 E
-.886(mine the status is the last command e)144 542.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.385 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.385 G 3.385(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.385 H -.1(ke)
-.4 G 3.385(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 554.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .627
-(is used outside a function, b)3.127 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.128 E F0(\()5.628 E
-F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.128(\)c)C .628(ommand, it)-3.128 F .589
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
-(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588
-(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
-144 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
-.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326
-(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445
-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 590.4 R .444
-(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 602.4 R -.15
+.885(mine the status is the last command e)144 578.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.886(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)3.386 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)3.386 G 3.386(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-3.386 H -.1(ke)
+.4 G 3.386(d. If).1 F F1 -.18(re)144 590.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .628
+(is used outside a function, b)3.128 F .628(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .628(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.127 E F0(\()5.627 E
+F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.127(\)c)C .627(ommand, it)-3.127 F .588
+(causes the shell to stop e)144 602.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
+(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589
+(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e)
+144 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
+.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325
+(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444
+(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 626.4 R .444
+(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
+(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 638.4 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
-F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15
-E .75(mand associated with the)144 614.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
+F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E
+.749(mand associated with the)144 650.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 626.4 Q F1
-(set)108 643.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C
+G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 662.4 Q F1
+(set)108 679.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C
F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E
-F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 655.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0
+F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 691.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0
2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E
-(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 667.2 S .835
+(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 703.2 S .836
(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
-.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
-(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 679.2
-R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783
-(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 691.2 R F2 .447(posix mode)
-2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
+.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
+(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 715.2
+R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784
+(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 727.2 R F2 .447(posix mode)
+2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447
-(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531
-(locale. When)144 703.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F
-3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)
--.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F .584
-(after option processing are treated as v)144 715.2 R .585
-(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in or)-.25 F(-)
--.2 E(der)144 727.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5
-E F0(,)A F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)
--5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72
+768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(14)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 15 15
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0
-1.378(Each v)184 84 R 1.377
-(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F
-1.377(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 96 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15 E
-(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 108 Q F0 .131
-(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 108 R
-2.632(,r)-.65 G .132(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 120 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25
-H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 132 Q F0 .088
-(Exit immediately if a)184 132 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pipeline)2.588
-E F0 .087(\(which may consist of a single)2.588 F F2 .087
-(simple command)2.587 F F0 .087(\), a)B F2(list)2.587 E F0 2.587(,o)C(r)
--2.587 E(a)184 144 Q F2 1.52(compound command)4.02 F F0(\(see)4.021 E/F3
-9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.521(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .08
-(The shell does not e)184 156 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
-.079(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 168 Q
-1.654(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(until)4.154 E F0
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10 Q F0(Same as)224 522 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E
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-(Same as)224 144 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 156 Q F0(Same as)
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474 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
-(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461
-(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 486 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
+312 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F4 9
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+(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 324 R 3.455(wp)-.25 G
+.955(osix mode af)-3.455 F .955(fects bash')-.25 F 3.455(sb)-.55 G(e-)
+-3.455 E(ha)224 336 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 348 Q(vileged)-.1 E
+F0(Same as)224 360 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 372 S(rbose).1 E
+F0(Same as)224 372 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 384 Q F0 .209
+(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 384 R 2.709(ace. This)
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+396 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1
+(xtrace)184 408 Q F0(Same as)224 408 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 426 Q
+F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F3(option\255name)
+3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553
+(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184
+438 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F3(option\255name)3.572 E F0
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+(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F
+(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184 4
50 Q F1<ad70>
+144 462 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 462 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F3(privile)4.821 E -.1
+(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
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+(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501
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+(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 498 R .38
+(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u)
+-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461
+(user \(group\) id, and the)184
510 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
+(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462
+(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 522 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
-2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 498 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
-.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886
-F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 510 Q F1<ad74>144 522 Q F0
-(Exit after reading and e)184 522 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.)
-.15 E F1<ad75>144 534 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 534 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044
+2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
+E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 534 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
+.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886
+F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F
+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 546 Q F1<ad74>144 558 Q F0
+(Exit after reading and e)184 558 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.)
+.15 E F1<ad75>144 570 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 570 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044
(ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \
-as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 546 R 2.683
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182
+as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 582 R 2.682
+(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183
(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746
-(able or parameter)184 558 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
+(able or parameter)184 594 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184
-570 Q F1<ad76>144 582 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 582 Q 2.5
-(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 594 Q F0 .315(After e)184 594 R
-.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25
+606 Q F1<ad76>144 618 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 618 Q 2.5
+(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 630 Q F0 .315(After e)184 630 R
+.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F3 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25
(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)
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-606 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F
-1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0
-(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 618 Q
+2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184
+642 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F
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+(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 654 Q
(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
-<ad42>144 630 Q F0 1.206(The shell performs brace e)184 630 R 1.206
+<ad42>144 666 Q F0 1.205(The shell performs brace e)184 666 R 1.205
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 1.205(Brace Expansion)3.705 F F0(abo)3.705 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.705(\). This).15 F 1.205(is on by de-)3.705 F -.1(fa)
-184 642 S(ult.).1 E F1<ad43>144 654 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 654 R F1(bash)
-2.713 E F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.706(\). This).15 F 1.206(is on by de-)3.706 F -.1(fa)
+184 678 S(ult.).1 E F1<ad43>144 690 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 690 R F1(bash)
+2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F
.214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
-2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F
-3.054(tors. This)184 666 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F
+3.053(tors. This)184 702 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 678 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 690 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 690 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103
-(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
-(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
-F .839(mands e)184 702 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
-F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 714 Q
+.15 F(tor)184 714 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A
(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad48>144 84 Q F0
-(Enable)184 84 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531(style history substitution.)5.531
-F .531(This option is on by def)5.531 F .532
-(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 108 Q F0 .96(If set, the shell does not resolv)184
-108 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.959(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 1.452
-(that change the current w)184 120 R 1.452(orking directory)-.1 F 6.452
-(.I)-.65 G 3.953(tu)-6.452 G 1.453(ses the ph)-3.953 F 1.453
-(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.335(stead. By)184 132 R(def)
-3.335 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834
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+(If set, an)184 84 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E
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+(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
+F .838(mands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15 F
+3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 108 Q F1
+<ad48>144 120 Q F0(Enable)184 120 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 132 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 144 Q F0 .959
+(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 144 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
+(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
+(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 1.453
+(that change the current w)184 156 R 1.453(orking directory)-.1 F 6.453
+(.I)-.65 G 3.952(tu)-6.453 G 1.452(ses the ph)-3.952 F 1.452
+(ysical directory structure in-)-.05 F 3.334(stead. By)184 168 R(def)
+3.334 E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)3.334 E F0(follo)3.334 E .834
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184 1
44 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-156 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 156 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184 1
80 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+192 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 192 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 204 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 180 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 192 Q
-F0 .4(If no ar)184 192 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
-(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 204 Q
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 216 Q F0 .797
-(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 216 R F2(ar)3.297 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.296(ea)-3.297 G .796
-(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.296 F 3.021(rameters. The)184 228 R F1
-<ad78>3.02
1 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 216 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 228 Q
+F0 .401(If no ar)184 228 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G
+.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 240 Q/F2
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni)
+.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1<ad>144 252 Q F0 .796
+(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 252 R F2(ar)3.297 E
+(g)-.37 E F0 3.297(st)C 3.297(ob)-3.297 G 3.297(ea)-3.297 G .797
+(ssigned to the positional pa-)-3.297 F 3.022(rameters. The)184 264 R F1
+<ad78>3.02
2 E F0(and)3.022 E F1<ad76>3.022 E F0 .522
(options are turned of)3.022 F 3.022(f. If)-.25 F .522(there are no)
-3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .522(s, the positional pa-)B
-(rameters remain unchanged.)184 240 Q .425(The options are of)144 256.8
+3.022 F F2(ar)3.022 E(g)-.37 E F0 .521(s, the positional pa-)B
+(rameters remain unchanged.)184 276 Q .425(The options are of)144 292.8
R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 268.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 304.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 280.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
+(current set of options may be found in)144 316.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 292.8 Q F1(shift)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 321.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
-.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
-.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 333.6 Q F1($#)2.583
-E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
-(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 345.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
+(is encountered.)144 328.8 Q F1(shift)108 345.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 357.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
+.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 369.6 Q F1($#)2.582
+E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
+(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
+.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 381.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 357.6 R
-.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
-.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 369.6 Q F1(shopt)108 386.4 Q F0([)
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 393.6 R
+.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
+.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 405.6 Q F1(shopt)108 422.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 398.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 434.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
-5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375
-(listed belo)144 410.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
-2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375
+5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374
+(listed belo)144 446.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
+2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
-F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 2.565(mand. W)144 422.4 R .065
+F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 2.566(mand. W)144 458.4 R .066
(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>2.566 E F0 .066
(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an in-)2.566
-F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 434.4 R F2
+F .074(dication of whether or not each is set; if)144 470.4 R F2
(optnames)2.574 E F0 .074
(are supplied, the output is restricted to those op-)2.574 F 3.105
-(tions. The)144 4
46.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
+(tions. The)144 4
82.4 R F1<ad70>3.105 E F0 .605(option causes output to\
be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)3.105 F(Other)5.605
-E(options ha)144 458.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 470.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
-470.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 482.4 Q F0
-(Disable \(unset\) each)180
482.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
-494.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
-tus indicates whether the)180 494.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E
-.255(set or unset.)180 506.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755
-E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
-(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256
-(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 518.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
-F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 530.4 Q F0
-(Restricts the v)180 530.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
+E(options ha)144 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 506.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
+506.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 518.4 Q F0
+(Disable \(unset\) each)180
518.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
+530.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
+tus indicates whether the)180 530.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E
+.256(set or unset.)180 542.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756
+E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
+(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255
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-(If set, aliases are e)184 384 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F
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1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E
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-(If the command run by the)220 504 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841
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+(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 120 Q F2 -.2(ex)
+144 132 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35
+(Tr)180 144 S(ue if both).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(and)2.5 E F2
+-.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(are true.)2.52 E F2 -.2(ex)144 156 S(pr1).2 E
+F0<ad>2.5 E F1(o)A F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35(Tr)180 168 S
(ue if either).35 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(or)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G
-(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 160.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E
+(pr2).2 E F0(is true.)2.52 E F1(test)144 184.8 Q F0(and)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E
F0 -.25(eva)2.5 G(luate conditional e).25 E
(xpressions using a set of rules based on the number of ar)-.15 E
-(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 178.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
-180 190.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 202.8 S -.18
-(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 214.8 Q
+(guments.)-.18 E 2.5(0a)144 202.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E(The e)
+180 214.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(1a)144 226.8 S -.18
+(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E(The e)180 238.8 Q
(xpression is true if and only if the ar)-.15 E(gument is not null.)-.18
-E 2.5(2a)144 226.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
-180 238.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
+E 2.5(2a)144 250.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
+180 262.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
F .37(xpression is true if and only if the second ar)-.15 F .37
-(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 250.8 R .38
-(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180
-262.8 Q .553(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552
+(gument is null.)-.18 F .38(If the \214rst ar)180 274.8 R .38
+(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .679
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDI-)2.879 E(TION)180
+286.8 Q .552(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .552
(the e)2.802 F .552(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F
-.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 274.8 Q
+.552(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 298.8 Q
(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 286.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 298.8 R .236
+(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 310.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
+(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 322.8 R .236
(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236
(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855
-(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 310.8 R 1.155 -.15
+(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 334.8 R 1.155 -.15
(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F
-F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 322.8 R .578(xpression i\
+F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 346.8 R .578(xpression i\
s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F
-(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 334.8 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833
-E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332
+(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 358.8 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832
+E F0(and)3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333
(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558
-(three ar)180 346.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058
+(three ar)180 370.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058
F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F
.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F
-(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180
-358.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52
-(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02
-F(ar)180 370.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0
-2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
+(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180
+382.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521
+(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)
+3.021 F(ar)180 394.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985
+E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E
-(wise, the e)180 382.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144
-394.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 406.8 R
-.385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385
-(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar)
-.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F .284
-(posed of the remaining ar)180 418.8 R 2.784(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F
+(wise, the e)180 406.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144
+418.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 430.8 R
+.384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385
+(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar)
+.05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F .285
+(posed of the remaining ar)180 442.8 R 2.784(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F
.284(the e)2.784 F .284(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
-.285(luated ac-).25 F(cording to precedence using the rules listed abo)
-180 430.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 442.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G
-(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 454.8 R 1.635
+.284(luated ac-).25 F(cording to precedence using the rules listed abo)
+180 454.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 466.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G
+(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 478.8 R 1.635
(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635
(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180
-466.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 484.8 Q F1(test)2.5 E
+490.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 508.8 Q F1(test)2.5 E
F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1
(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E
-(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 501.6 Q F0
+(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 525.6 Q F0
1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\
- processes run from the shell.)144 501.6 R(The return status is 0.)144
-513.6 Q F1(trap)108 530.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E
-F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .683(The command)
-144 542.4 R F2(ar)3.513 E(g)-.37 E F0 .683(is to be read and e)3.403 F
+ processes run from the shell.)144 525.6 R(The return status is 0.)144
+537.6 Q F1(trap)108 554.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E
+F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .682(The command)
+144 566.4 R F2(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0 .682(is to be read and e)3.402 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .682(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.182(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.182 E F2(sigspec)3.522 E F0 5.682(.I).31 G
-(f)-5.682 E F2(ar)3.512 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.402 E .608
-(absent \(and there is a single)144 554.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108
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+(absent \(and there is a single)144 578.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108
(\)o)C(r)-3.108 E F1<ad>3.108 E F0 3.108(,e)C .608
(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
-.659(\(the v)144 566.4 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
--.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658
+.658(\(the v)144 590.4 R .658(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
+-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659
(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec)
-144.34 578.4 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)
-3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E
-F0 .581(is not present and)3.301 F F1<ad70>3.081 E F0(has)3.081 E 1.215
-(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 590.4 R
-F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.214(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.214(If no ar)6.214
-F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 602.4 R F1<ad70>3.36
+144.34 602.4 Q F0 .581
+(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
+-.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58
+(is not present and)3.3 F F1<ad70>3.08 E F0(has)3.08 E 1.214
+(been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)144 614.4 R
+F2(sigspec)4.054 E F0 1.215(are displayed.)4.024 F 1.215(If no ar)6.215
+F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 626.4 R F1<ad70>3.36
E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
(prints the list of commands associated with each)3.36 F 2.83
-(signal. The)144 6
14.4 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
-to print a list of signal names and their corresponding num-)2.83 F 4.31
-(bers. Each)144 626.4 R F2(sigspec)4.65 E F0 1.811
-(is either a signal name de\214ned in <)4.62 F F2(signal.h)A F0 1.811
-(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E
-(names are case insensiti)144 638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
-F3(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E .667(If a)144 656.4 R F2
-(sigspec)3.507 E F0(is)3.477 E F3(EXIT)3.167 E F0 .667
-(\(0\) the command)2.917 F F2(ar)3.496 E(g)-.37 E F0 .666(is e)3.386 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .666(cuted on e).15 F .666(xit from the shell.)-.15 F
-.666(If a)5.666 F F2(sigspec)3.506 E F0(is)3.476 E F3(DE-)3.166 E -.09
-(BU)144 668.4 S(G).09 E F4(,)A F0 .483(the command)2.733 F F2(ar)3.313 E
-(g)-.37 E F0 .483(is e)3.203 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 .484(simple command)2.984 F F0(,)A F2(for)
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38.4 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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+(names are case insensiti)144 662.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
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+(BU)144 692.4 S(G).09 E F4(,)A F0 .484(the command)2.734 F F2(ar)3.314 E
+(g)-.37 E F0 .484(is e)3.204 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .484(cuted before e).15 F
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-(cutes in a shell).15 F .622(function \(see)144 692.4 R F3 .622
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-0 Cg EP
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+(ipeline \(which may consist of a)-3.461 F .185(single simple command\)\
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+(xit status, subject to)-.15 F .451(the follo)144 138 R .451
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+(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388
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(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)-3.78
-F 1.28(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G 1.28(rted using).15 F F4(!)
-3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 156 Q(yed by the)
--.15 E F
4(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F4<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C
-(ption.)-2.5 E .133
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+3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 186 Q(yed by the)
+-.15 E F
2(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F2<ad65>A F0 2.5(\)o)C
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(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
-174 R -.35(Tr)5.132 G .132(apped signals that are not be-).35 F .117
-(ing ignored are reset to their original v)144 186 R .117
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(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .117
-(vironment when one is cre-)-.4 F 2.5(ated. The)144 198 R
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(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1 E(y)-.15 E F1(sigspec)2.84 E F0
-(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F4(trap)2.5 E F0
-(returns true.)2.5 E F4(type)108 214.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F0(])
-A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 226.8 S
-.174(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F1
-(name)3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
-F4<ad74>144 238.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F4(type)3.215 E F0
+(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid; otherwise).25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0
+(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108 244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])
+A F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 256.8 S
+.173(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F1
+(name)3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
+(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
+F2<ad74>144 268.8 Q F0 .715(option is used,)3.215 F F2(type)3.215 E F0
.715(prints a string which is one of)3.215 F F1(alias)3.545 E F0(,).27 E
F1 -.1(ke)3.215 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F1(function)5.185 E F0
(,).24 E F1 -.2(bu)3.215 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.215(,o).24 G(r)-3.215 E F1
-(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F1(name)144.36 250.8 Q F0 .087
-(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F1
-(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 262.8 R .118
-(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
-F4<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F4(type)2.619 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 274.8 R .855
+(\214le)5.125 E F0(if)3.395 E F1(name)144.36 280.8 Q F0 .086
+(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
+(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F1
+(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 292.8 R .118
+(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
+F2<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 304.8 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F1(name)3.715 E F0
-.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .528(mand name, or nothing if)
-144 286.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028
+.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .529(mand name, or nothing if)
+144 316.8 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .528(type -t name)3.028 F F0 -.1(wo)3.028
G .528(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.938 E F0 5.528(.T).18 G(he)-5.528
-E F4<ad50>3.028 E F0 .529(option forces a)3.028 F F2 -.666(PA)3.029 G
-(TH)-.189 E F0 .007(search for each)144 298.8 R F1(name)2.507 E F0 2.507
-(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.757 G 2.507(ni).15 G(f)-2.507 E F5 .007(type -t name)
-2.507 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.417 E F0
-5.006(.I).18 G 2.506(fac)-5.006 G .006(ommand is hashed,)-2.506 F F4
-<ad70>2.506 E F0(and)144 310.8 Q F4<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73
-(print the hashed v)3.23 F .731
+E F2<ad50>3.028 E F0 .528(option forces a)3.028 F F3 -.666(PA)3.028 G
+(TH)-.189 E F0 .006(search for each)144 328.8 R F1(name)2.506 E F0 2.506
+(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.756 G 2.506(ni).15 G(f)-2.506 E F5 .007(type -t name)
+2.506 F F0 -.1(wo)2.507 G .007(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)4.417 E F0
+5.007(.I).18 G 2.507(fac)-5.007 G .007(ommand is hashed,)-2.507 F F2
+<ad70>2.507 E F0(and)144 340.8 Q F2<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731
+(print the hashed v)3.231 F .73
(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
-F F2 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F3(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F4<ad61>
-144 322.8 Q F0 .824(option is used,)3.324 F F4(type)3.324 E F0 .824
-(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.324 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823
-(cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.683 E F0 5.823(.T).18 G .823(his in-)
--5.823 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144
-334.8 R F4<ad70>3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.177
+F F3 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .73(If the)5.23 F F2<ad61>144
+352.8 Q F0 .823(option is used,)3.323 F F2(type)3.323 E F0 .824
+(prints all of the places that contain an e)3.323 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .824
+(cutable named).15 F F1(name)3.684 E F0 5.824(.T).18 G .824(his in-)
+-5.824 F 1.176(cludes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144
+364.8 R F2<ad70>3.676 E F0 1.176(option is not also used.)3.676 F 1.176
(The table of hashed)6.176 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
-144 3
46.8 R F4<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F4<ad66>3.723 E F0
-1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the)
-144 358.8 R F4(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F4(type)
-5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326
-(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326
-(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 370.8 Q F4(ulimit)108 387.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F4
+144 3
76.8 R F2<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F2<ad66>3.723 E F0
+1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)
+144 388.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)
+5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325
+(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325
+(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 400.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F1(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144
-399.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244
-(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
+429.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243
+(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.943(that allo)144 411.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
-(The)5.943 E F4<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
+.944(that allo)144 441.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
+(The)5.944 E F2<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 423.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
+144 453.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 435.6 R .425
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F4<ad48>2.926 E
-F0(nor)2.926 E F4<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-447.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 465.6 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F2<ad48>2.925 E
+F0(nor)2.925 E F2<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
+(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
+477.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.741(of the special v)144 459.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F4
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
-C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .024
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 471.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+.742(of the special v)144 489.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .023
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.023(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.023 E F1(limit)2.613 E F0 .023
(is omitted, the current v)3.203 F .023
-(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .984
-(source is printed, unless the)144 483.6 R F4<ad48>3.484 E F0 .984
-(option is gi)3.484 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .985
+(alue of the soft limit of the re-)-.25 F .985
+(source is printed, unless the)144 513.6 R F2<ad48>3.485 E F0 .984
+(option is gi)3.485 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.484(n. When).15 F .984
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)3.484 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 495.6 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4
-<ad61>144 507.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 507.6 Q F4
-<ad62>144 519.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 519.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
-(fer size)-.25 E F4<ad63>144 531.6 Q F0
-(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 531.6 Q F4<ad64>144 543.6
-Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 543.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
--2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 555.6 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 5
55.6 Q F4<ad66>144
-567.6 Q F0
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 525.6 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
+<ad61>144 537.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 537.6 Q F2
+<ad62>144 549.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 549.6 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
+(fer size)-.25 E F2<ad63>144 561.6 Q F0
+(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 561.6 Q F2<ad64>144 573.6
+Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 573.6 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
+-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 585.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 5
85.6 Q F2<ad66>144
+597.6 Q F0
(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-567.6 Q F4<ad69>144 579.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
-579.6 Q F4<ad6b>144 591.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 591.6 Q F4
-<ad6c>144 603.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 603.6 Q
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F4<ad6d>144 615.6 Q F0
-(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 615.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4<ad6e>144 627.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
+597.6 Q F2<ad69>144 609.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
+609.6 Q F2<ad6b>144 621.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 621.6 Q F2
+<ad6c>144 633.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 633.6 Q
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 645.6 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 645.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 657.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-180 627.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 639.6 Q F4<ad70>144 651.6 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 651.6 Q F4
-<ad71>144 663.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 663.6 Q F4
-<ad72>144 675.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 675.6
-Q F4<ad73>144 687.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 687.6 Q F4<ad74>144
-699.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 699.6 Q F4
-<ad75>144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 711.6 Q -.25
-(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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+(be set\))180 669.6 Q F2<ad70>144 681.6 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 681.6 Q F2
+<ad71>144 693.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 693.6 Q F2
+<ad72>144 705.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 705.6
+Q F2<ad73>144 717.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 717.6 Q
+(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 24 24
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BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad76>144 84 Q F0 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 84 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 96
-Q F1<ad78>144 108 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 108 Q F1
-<ad50>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 120 Q F1
-<ad54>144 132 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 132 Q(If)144 148.8
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad74>144 84 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 84 Q F1<ad75>144 96 Q F0
+(The maximum number of processes a)180 96 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 108 Q F0 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 108 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 120
+Q F1<ad78>144 132 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 132 Q F1
+<ad50>144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 144 Q F1
+<ad54>144 156 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 156 Q(If)144 172.8
Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468
(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F
2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468
-E .044(no option is gi)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1
-<ad66>2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .673(in seconds;)144
-172.8 R F1<ad70>3.173 E F0 3.172(,w)C .672
+E .045(no option is gi)144 184.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1
+<ad66>2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1
+<ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .672(in seconds;)144
+196.8 R F1<ad70>3.172 E F0 3.172(,w)C .672
(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-3.172 F F1<ad50>3.172 E F0(,)A F1
<ad54>3.172 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>3.172 E F0(,)A F1<ad6b>3.172 E F0(,)A F1
<ad6e>3.172 E F0 3.172(,a)C(nd)-3.172 E F1<ad75>3.172 E F0 3.172(,w)C
-.672(hich are un-)-3.172 F .36(scaled v)144 184.8 R .36
+.673(hich are un-)-3.172 F .36(scaled v)144 208.8 R .36
(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>2.86 E F0(and)2.86 E F1
<ad66>2.86 E F0 2.86(,w)C .36(hich are in 512-byte increments.)-2.86 F
-.36(The return)5.36 F .411(status is 0 unless an in)144 196.8 R -.25(va)
+.36(The return)5.36 F .411(status is 0 unless an in)144 220.8 R -.25(va)
-.4 G .411(lid option or ar).25 F .411
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a ne)-.18 F(w)-.25
-E(limit.)144 2
08.8 Q F1(umask)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5
+E(limit.)144 2
32.8 Q F1(umask)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5
(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .18
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 237.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 261.6 R F2(mode)3.06 E F0
5.18(.I).18 G(f)-5.18 E F2(mode)3.06 E F0(be)2.86 E .18
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 249.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-261.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+pted by)144 273.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+285.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 273.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 297.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 285.6 Q F0 .551
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 297.6 Q
+(mode)144.38 309.6 Q F0 .552
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 321.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 314.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 326.4 Q 1.058 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
-3.258 E F0 .758(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.258 F(If)5.758 E
-F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .757(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)
-3.258 F(mo)144 338.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+(unalias)108 338.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 350.4 Q 1.057 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+3.257 E F0 .757(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)3.257 F(If)5.758 E
+F1<ad61>3.258 E F0 .758(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are re-)
+3.258 F(mo)144 362.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 355.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 379.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 367.2 S 3.803(re).15 G(ach)-3.803 E F2(name)4.163 E F0
-3.803(,r).18 G(emo)-3.803 E 1.603 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.303
+2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 391.2 S 3.804(re).15 G(ach)-3.804 E F2(name)4.164 E F0
+3.804(,r).18 G(emo)-3.804 E 1.604 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.304
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.303(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.303
-(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.804 E F0 1.304(option is gi)3.804 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 379.2 Q F0 .465
-(refers to a shell v)3.145 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
-(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.964(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-2.964 G .464(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.768(set. If)144 391.2 R F1
-<ad66>2.768 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.768 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
+(If the)6.303 F F1<ad76>3.803 E F0 1.303(option is gi)3.803 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 1.303(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 403.2 Q F0 .464
+(refers to a shell v)3.144 F .464(ariable, and that v)-.25 F .464
+(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.965(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
+2.965 G .465(riables may not be un-).25 F 2.769(set. If)144 415.2 R F1
+<ad66>2.769 E F0 .269(is speci\214ed, each)2.769 F F2(name)3.129 E F0
.269(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)
-2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .404(If the)144 403.2 R F1<ad6e>2.904 E
+2.949 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .403(If the)144 427.2 R F1<ad6e>2.903 E
F0 .404(option is supplied, and)2.904 F F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(is a v)
2.904 F .404(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.904 E(ef)-.37 E F0
-(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .403(will be unset)2.904 F
-.719(rather than the v)144 415.2 R .719(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
-<ad6e>5.7
19 E F0 .719(has no ef)3.219 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
-3.22 E F0 .72(option is supplied.)3.22 F .72(If no options)5.72 F .737
-(are supplied, each)144 427.2 R F2(name)3.237 E F0 .737(refers to a v)
-3.237 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .736
-(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.761(that name, if an)144
-439.2 R 3.061 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.261(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.261 F
+(attrib)2.904 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.904 E F0 .404(will be unset)2.904 F
+.72(rather than the v)144 439.2 R .72(ariable it references.)-.25 F F1
+<ad6e>5.7
2 E F0 .72(has no ef)3.22 F .719(fect if the)-.25 F F1<ad66>
+3.219 E F0 .719(option is supplied.)3.219 F .719(If no options)5.719 F
+.736(are supplied, each)144 451.2 R F2(name)3.236 E F0 .736
+(refers to a v)3.236 F .737(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .737
+(ariable by that name, a function with)-.25 F 1.762(that name, if an)144
+463.2 R 3.062 -.65(y, i)-.15 H 4.262(su).65 G 4.261(nset. Each)-4.262 F
1.761(unset v)4.261 F 1.761(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 4.262(df).15 G 1.762(rom the en)-4.262 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.172
-(passed to subsequent commands.)144 451.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672
+-.15 G 4.261(df).15 G 1.761(rom the en)-4.261 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.171
+(passed to subsequent commands.)144 475.2 R 3.172(If an)8.172 F 5.672
(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.672 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.672 G(SH_ALIASES)
-.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A
-F3 -.27(BA)5.421 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 463.2 S
-(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.481 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3
+.27 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_ARGV0).27 E F4(,)A
+F3 -.27(BA)5.422 G(SH_CMDS).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)144 487.2 S
+(SH_COMMAND).27 E F4(,)A F3 -.27(BA)11.482 G(SH_SUBSHELL).27 E F4(,)A F3
-.27(BA)11.482 G(SHPID).27 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_W)11.482 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E
-F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.482 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)
-144 475.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
+F4(,)A F3(DIRST)11.481 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHREAL)
+144 499.2 Q(TIME)-.828 E F4(,)A F3(EPOCHSECONDS)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
2.67 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.67 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.67
E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.67 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)144
-487.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.029 E F3(SRANDOM)4.279 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
-4.029 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.28(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.28 E 4.28(ya)-.15 G
-1.78(re subse-)-4.28 F(quently reset.)144 499.2 Q(The e)5 E
+511.2 Q F4(,)A F0(or)4.03 E F3(SRANDOM)4.28 E F0 1.779(are unset, the)
+4.03 F 4.279(yl)-.15 G 1.779(ose their special properties, e)-4.279 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 4.279(ni).15 G 4.279(ft)-4.279 G(he)-4.279 E 4.279(ya)
+-.15 G 1.779(re subse-)-4.279 F(quently reset.)144 523.2 Q(The e)5 E
(xit status is true unless a)-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E
-(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 5
16 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>
+(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 5
40 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>
-2.5 E F2(varname)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144
-528 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termina\
-tion status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)
-3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 540 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G
-.009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)
--5.009 E F2(id)144.01 552 Q F0 .442(is not gi)3.712 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,)
-.15 E F1(wait)2.942 E F0 -.1(wa)2.942 G .441
+552 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termina\
+tion status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .659(may be a process)
+3.929 F .009(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 564 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .008(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.508(sp)-.55 G
+.008(ipeline are w)-2.508 F .008(aited for)-.1 F 5.008(.I)-.55 G(f)
+-5.008 E F2(id)144.01 576 Q F0 .441(is not gi)3.711 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,)
+.15 E F1(wait)2.941 E F0 -.1(wa)2.941 G .441
(its for all running background jobs and the last-e).1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.441(cuted process substitu-).15 F .597
-(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 564 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098
-(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .598(If the)5.598 F F1
-<ad6e>3.098 E F0 .598(option is supplied,)3.098 F F1(wait)144 576 Q F0
--.1(wa)2.794 G .293(its for a single job to terminate and returns its e)
-.1 F .293(xit status.)-.15 F .293(If the)5.293 F F1<ad70>2.793 E F0 .293
+.442(cuted process substitu-).15 F .598
+(tion, if its process id is the same as)144 588 R F1($!)3.098 E F0 3.098
+(,a)C .598(nd the return status is zero.)-3.098 F .597(If the)5.597 F F1
+<ad6e>3.097 E F0 .597(option is supplied,)3.097 F F1(wait)144 600 Q F0
+-.1(wa)2.793 G .293(its for a single job to terminate and returns its e)
+.1 F .293(xit status.)-.15 F .293(If the)5.293 F F1<ad70>2.793 E F0 .294
(option is supplied, the)2.793 F .636
-(process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)144 588 R .636
+(process or job identi\214er of the job for which the e)144 612 R .636
(xit status is returned is assigned to the v)-.15 F(ariable)-.25 E F2
-(varname)144 600 Q F0 1.017(named by the option ar)3.517 F 3.517
-(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.516 G 1.016
-(riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.516(,b)-.65 G 1.016(efore an)
--3.516 F 3.516(ya)-.15 G(ssign-)-3.516 E 2.672(ment. This)144 612 R .172
-(is useful only when the)2.67
2 F F1<ad6e>2.672 E F0 .172
-(option is supplied.)2.672 F .173(Supplying the)5.172 F F1<ad66>2.673 E
-F0 .173(option, when job con-)2.673 F .347(trol is enabled, forces)144
-624 R F1(wait)2.847 E F0 .347(to w)2.847 F .347(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)
-2.847 E F0 .346
+(varname)144 624 Q F0 1.016(named by the option ar)3.516 F 3.516
+(gument. The)-.18 F -.25(va)3.516 G 1.017
+(riable will be unset initially).25 F 3.517(,b)-.65 G 1.017(efore an)
+-3.517 F 3.517(ya)-.15 G(ssign-)-3.517 E 2.673(ment. This)144 636 R .173
+(is useful only when the)2.67
3 F F1<ad6e>2.672 E F0 .172
+(option is supplied.)2.672 F .172(Supplying the)5.172 F F1<ad66>2.672 E
+F0 .172(option, when job con-)2.672 F .346(trol is enabled, forces)144
+648 R F1(wait)2.846 E F0 .346(to w)2.846 F .346(ait for)-.1 F F2(id)
+2.846 E F0 .347
(to terminate before returning its status, instead of return-)2.846 F
-.792(ing when it changes status.)144 636 R(If)5.792 E F2(id)3.302 E F0
-.792(speci\214es a non-e)4.062 F .793
+.793(ing when it changes status.)144 660 R(If)5.793 E F2(id)3.303 E F0
+.792(speci\214es a non-e)4.062 F .792
(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F
-(Otherwise, the return status is the e)144 648 Q
+(Otherwise, the return status is the e)144 672 Q
(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
-/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 664.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
-676.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(24)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 688.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
+700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(24)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.22.4
-%%CreationDate: Mon Jan 6 08:53:35 2020
+%%CreationDate: Wed Jan 29 14:04:11 2020
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 4
@ignore
-Copyright (C) 1988-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1988-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Tue Nov 26 11:14:58 EST 2019
+@set LASTCHANGE Wed Jan 29 13:59:06 EST 2020
@set EDITION 5.0
@set VERSION 5.0
-@set UPDATED 26 November 2019
-@set UPDATED-MONTH November 2019
+@set UPDATED 29 January 2020
+@set UPDATED-MONTH January 2020
ALLPROG = print truefalse sleep finfo logname basename dirname fdflags \
tty pathchk tee head mkdir rmdir mktemp printenv id whoami \
uname sync push ln unlink realpath strftime mypid setpgid seq rm
-OTHERPROG = necho hello cat pushd stat
+OTHERPROG = necho hello cat pushd stat accept
all: $(SHOBJ_STATUS)
truefalse: truefalse.o
$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ truefalse.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+accept: accept.o
+ $(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ accept.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
+
sleep: sleep.o
$(SHOBJ_LD) $(SHOBJ_LDFLAGS) $(SHOBJ_XLDFLAGS) -o $@ sleep.o $(SHOBJ_LIBS)
print.o: print.c
truefalse.o: truefalse.c
+accept.o: accept.c
sleep.o: sleep.c
finfo.o: finfo.c
logname.o: logname.c
--- /dev/null
+/* accept - listen for and accept a remote network connection on a given port */
+
+/*
+ Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash.
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include "typemax.h"
+
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+
+#include "loadables.h"
+
+static int accept_bind_variable (char *, int);
+
+int
+accept_builtin (list)
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *l;
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+ intmax_t iport;
+ int opt;
+ char *tmoutarg, *fdvar, *rhostvar, *rhost;
+ unsigned short uport;
+ int servsock, clisock;
+ struct sockaddr_in server, client;
+ socklen_t clientlen;
+ struct timeval timeval;
+ struct linger linger = { 0, 0 };
+
+ rhostvar = tmoutarg = fdvar = rhost = (char *)NULL;
+
+ reset_internal_getopt ();
+ while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "r:t:v:")) != -1)
+ {
+ switch (opt)
+ {
+ case 'r':
+ rhostvar = list_optarg;
+ break;
+ case 't':
+ tmoutarg = list_optarg;
+ break;
+ case 'v':
+ fdvar = list_optarg;
+ break;
+ CASE_HELPOPT;
+ default:
+ builtin_usage ();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
+ }
+
+ list = loptend;
+
+ /* Validate input and variables */
+ if (tmoutarg)
+ {
+ long ival, uval;
+ opt = uconvert (tmoutarg, &ival, &uval);
+ if (opt == 0 || ival < 0 || uval < 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("%s: invalid timeout specification", tmoutarg);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ timeval.tv_sec = ival;
+ timeval.tv_usec = uval;
+ /* XXX - should we warn if ival == uval == 0 ? */
+ }
+
+ if (list == 0)
+ {
+ builtin_usage ();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
+
+ if (legal_number (list->word->word, &iport) == 0 || iport < 0 || iport > TYPE_MAXIMUM (unsigned short))
+ {
+ builtin_error ("%s: invalid port number", list->word->word);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ uport = (unsigned short)iport;
+
+ if (fdvar == 0)
+ fdvar = "ACCEPT_FD";
+
+ unbind_variable (fdvar);
+ if (rhostvar)
+ unbind_variable (rhostvar);
+
+ if ((servsock = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_IP)) < 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("cannot create socket: %s", strerror (errno));
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ memset ((char *)&server, 0, sizeof (server));
+ server.sin_family = AF_INET;
+ server.sin_port = htons(uport);
+ server.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
+
+ if (bind (servsock, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof (server)) < 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("socket bind failure: %s", strerror (errno));
+ close (servsock);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ opt = 1;
+ setsockopt (servsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void *)&opt, sizeof (opt));
+ setsockopt (servsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, (void *)&linger, sizeof (linger));
+
+ if (listen (servsock, 1) < 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("listen failure: %s", strerror (errno));
+ close (servsock);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ if (tmoutarg)
+ {
+ fd_set iofds;
+
+ FD_ZERO(&iofds);
+ FD_SET(servsock, &iofds);
+
+ opt = select (servsock+1, &iofds, 0, 0, &timeval);
+ if (opt < 0)
+ builtin_error ("select failure: %s", strerror (errno));
+ if (opt <= 0)
+ {
+ close (servsock);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ }
+
+ clientlen = sizeof (client);
+ if ((clisock = accept (servsock, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &clientlen)) < 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error ("client accept failure: %s", strerror (errno));
+ close (servsock);
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ close (servsock);
+
+ accept_bind_variable (fdvar, clisock);
+ if (rhostvar)
+ {
+ rhost = inet_ntoa (client.sin_addr);
+ v = builtin_bind_variable (rhostvar, rhost, 0);
+ if (v == 0 || readonly_p (v) || noassign_p (v))
+ builtin_error ("%s: cannot set variable", rhostvar);
+ }
+
+ return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+static int
+accept_bind_variable (varname, intval)
+ char *varname;
+ int intval;
+{
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+ char ibuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND (int) + 1], *p;
+
+ p = fmtulong (intval, 10, ibuf, sizeof (ibuf), 0);
+ v = builtin_bind_variable (varname, p, 0);
+ if (v == 0 || readonly_p (v) || noassign_p (v))
+ builtin_error ("%s: cannot set variable", varname);
+ return (v != 0);
+}
+
+char *accept_doc[] = {
+ "Accept a network connection on a specified port.",
+ ""
+ "This builtin allows a bash script to act as a TCP/IP server.",
+ "",
+ "Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:",
+ " -t timeout wait TIMEOUT seconds for a connection. TIMEOUT may",
+ " be a decimal number including a fractional portion",
+ " -v varname store the numeric file descriptor of the connected",
+ " socket into VARNAME. The default VARNAME is ACCEPT_FD",
+ " -r rhost store the IP address of the remote host into the shell",
+ " variable RHOST, in dotted-decimal notation",
+ "",
+ "If successful, the shell variable ACCEPT_FD, or the variable named by the",
+ "-v option, will be set to the fd of the connected socket, suitable for",
+ "use as 'read -u$ACCEPT_FD'. RHOST, if supplied, will hold the IP address",
+ "of the remote client. The return status is 0.",
+ "",
+ "On failure, the return status is 1 and ACCEPT_FD (or VARNAME) and RHOST,",
+ "if supplied, will be unset.",
+ "",
+ "The server socket fd will be closed before accept returns.",
+ (char *) NULL
+};
+
+struct builtin accept_struct = {
+ "accept", /* builtin name */
+ accept_builtin, /* function implementing the builtin */
+ BUILTIN_ENABLED, /* initial flags for builtin */
+ accept_doc, /* array of long documentation strings. */
+ "accept [-t timeout] [-v varname] [-r addrvar ] port", /* usage synopsis; becomes short_doc */
+ 0 /* reserved for internal use */
+};
if (rv != 0)
{
+ rv = errno;
if (tempname)
unlink (tempname);
history_lines_written_to_file = 0;
if (rv != 0)
{
+ rv = errno;
if (tempname)
unlink (tempname);
history_lines_written_to_file = 0;
run_trap_cleanup (sig)
int sig;
{
+ /* XXX - should we clean up trap_list[sig] == IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER? */
sigmodes[sig] &= ~(SIG_INPROGRESS|SIG_CHANGED);
}
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
