- formatting and some content changes from Benno Schulenberg
<bensberg@justemail.net>
- document new posix-mode behavior from interp 383 change of 9/22
+
+ 9/30
+ ----
+execute_cmd.c
+ - shell_execve: add strerror to error message about executable file
+ that shell can't execute as a shell script. From suggestion by
+ daysleeper <daysleeper@centrum.cz>
+
+ 10/1
+ ----
+bashhist.c
+ - maybe_add_history: act as if literal_history is set when parser_state
+ includes PST_HEREDOC, so we save the bodies of here-documents just
+ as they were entered. Fixes bug reported by Jonathan Wakely
+ <bugs@kayari.org>
+ - bash_add_history: make sure that the second and subsequent lines of
+ a here document don't have extra newlines or other delimiting
+ chars added, since they have the trailing newline preserved, when
+ `lithist' is set and history_delimiting_chars isn't called
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - execute_command_internal: avoid fd exhaustion caused by using
+ process substitution in loops inside shell functions by using
+ copy_fifo_list and close_new_fifos (). Fixes debian bash bug
+ 642504
+
+lib/readline/complete.c
+ - new variable, rl_filename_stat_hook, used by append_to_match. If
+ filename completion is desired, and rl_filename_stat_hook points
+ to a function, call that function to expand the filename in an
+ application-specific way before calling stat.
+
+bashline.c
+ - bash_default_completion: if variable completion returns a single
+ match, use bash_filename_stat_hook and file_isdir to determine
+ whether or not the variable name expands to a directory. If it
+ does, set the filename_append_character to `/'. This is not
+ perfect, so we will see how it works out. Adds functionality
+ requested by Peter Toft <pto@linuxbog.dk> and Patrick Pfeifer
+ <patrick@pfeifer.de>
+ - rl_filename_stat_hook: assigned bash_filename_stat_hook, so things
+ like $HOME/Downloads (after completion) have a slash appended.
+ In general, this causes the stat hook to be called whenever
+ filename completion is appended. Adds functionality requested by
+ Patrick Pfeifer <patrick@pfeifer.de>
+
+lib/readline/readline.h
+ - new extern declaration for rl_filename_stat_hook
+
+lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
+ - rl_directory_rewrite_hook: now documented
+ - rl_filename_stat_hook: document
+
+pcomplete.c
+ - gen_action_completions: in the CA_DIRECTORY case, turn off
+ rl_filename_completion_desired if it was off before we called
+ rl_filename_completion_function and we didn't get any matches.
+ Having it on causes readline to quote the matches as if they
+ were filenames. Adds functionality requested by many,
+ including Clark Wang <dearvoid@gmail.com>
doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- formatting and some content changes from Benno Schulenberg
<bensberg@justemail.net>
+ - document new posix-mode behavior from interp 383 change of 9/22
+
+ 9/30
+ ----
+execute_cmd.c
+ - shell_execve: add strerror to error message about executable file
+ that shell can't execute as a shell script. From suggestion by
+ daysleeper <daysleeper@centrum.cz>
+
+ 10/1
+ ----
+bashhist.c
+ - maybe_add_history: act as if literal_history is set when parser_state
+ includes PST_HEREDOC, so we save the bodies of here-documents just
+ as they were entered. Fixes bug reported by Jonathan Wakely
+ <bugs@kayari.org>
+ - bash_add_history: make sure that the second and subsequent lines of
+ a here document don't have extra newlines or other delimiting
+ chars added, since they have the trailing newline preserved, when
+ `lithist' is set and history_delimiting_chars isn't called
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - execute_command_internal: avoid fd exhaustion caused by using
+ process substitution in loops inside shell functions by using
+ copy_fifo_list and close_new_fifos (). Fixes debian bash bug
+ 642504
+
+lib/readline/complete.c
+ - new variable, rl_filename_stat_hook, used by append_to_match. If
+ filename completion is desired, and rl_filename_stat_hook points
+ to a function, call that function to expand the filename in an
+ application-specific way before calling stat.
+
+bashline.c
+ - bash_default_completion: if variable completion returns a single
+ match, use bash_filename_stat_hook and file_isdir to determine
+ whether or not the variable name expands to a directory. If it
+ does, set the filename_append_character to `/'. This is not
+ perfect, so we will see how it works out. Adds functionality
+ requested by Peter Toft <pto@linuxbog.dk> and Patrick Pfeifer
+ <patrick@pfeifer.de>
+ - rl_filename_stat_hook: assigned bash_filename_stat_hook, so things
+ like $HOME/Downloads (after completion) have a slash appended.
+ In general, this causes the stat hook to be called whenever
+ filename completion is appended. Adds functionality requested by
+ Patrick Pfeifer <patrick@pfeifer.de>
+
+lib/readline/readline.h
+ - new extern declaration for rl_filename_stat_hook
+
+lib/readline/doc/rltech.texi
+ - rl_directory_rewrite_hook: now documented
+ - rl_filename_stat_hook: document
+
+pcomplete.c
+ - gen_action_completions: in the CA_DIRECTORY case, turn off
+ rl_filename_completion_desired if it was off before we called
+ rl_filename_completion_function and we didn't get any matches.
+ Having it on causes readline to quote the matches as if they
+ were filenames.
/* bashhist.c -- bash interface to the GNU history library. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1993-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1993-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
# ifdef _MINIX
-# include <sys/types.h>
+ # include <sys/types.h>
# endif
# include <unistd.h>
#endif
commenting out the rest of the command when the entire command is saved as
a single history entry (when COMMAND_ORIENTED_HISTORY is enabled). If
LITERAL_HISTORY is set, we're saving lines in the history with embedded
- newlines, so it's OK to save comment lines. We also make sure to save
- multiple-line quoted strings or other constructs. */
+ newlines, so it's OK to save comment lines. If we're collecting the body
+ of a here-document, we should act as if literal_history is enabled, because
+ we want to save the entire contents of the here-document as it was
+ entered. We also make sure to save multiple-line quoted strings or other
+ constructs. */
void
maybe_add_history (line)
char *line;
if (current_command_line_count > 1)
{
if (current_command_first_line_saved &&
- (literal_history || dstack.delimiter_depth != 0 || shell_comment (line) == 0))
+ ((parser_state & PST_HEREDOC) || literal_history || dstack.delimiter_depth != 0 || shell_comment (line) == 0))
bash_add_history (line);
return;
}
add_it = 1;
if (command_oriented_history && current_command_line_count > 1)
{
- chars_to_add = literal_history ? "\n" : history_delimiting_chars (line);
+ /* The second and subsequent lines of a here document have the trailing
+ newline preserved. We don't want to add extra newlines here, but we
+ do want to add one after the first line (which is the command that
+ contains the here-doc specifier). parse.y:history_delimiting_chars()
+ does the right thing to take care of this for us. We don't want to
+ add extra newlines if the user chooses to enable literal_history,
+ so we have to duplicate some of what that function does here. */
+ if ((parser_state & PST_HEREDOC) && literal_history && current_command_line_count > 2 && line[strlen (line) - 1] == '\n')
+ chars_to_add = "";
+ else
+ chars_to_add = literal_history ? "\n" : history_delimiting_chars (line);
using_history ();
current = previous_history ();
--- /dev/null
+/* bashhist.c -- bash interface to the GNU history library. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1993-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# ifdef _MINIX
+ # include <sys/types.h>
+# endif
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+#include "filecntl.h"
+
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+#if defined (SYSLOG_HISTORY)
+# include <syslog.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "input.h"
+#include "parser.h" /* for the struct dstack stuff. */
+#include "pathexp.h" /* for the struct ignorevar stuff */
+#include "bashhist.h" /* matching prototypes and declarations */
+#include "builtins/common.h"
+
+#include <readline/history.h>
+#include <glob/glob.h>
+#include <glob/strmatch.h>
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+# include "bashline.h"
+extern int rl_done, rl_dispatching; /* should really include readline.h */
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (errno)
+extern int errno;
+#endif
+
+static int histignore_item_func __P((struct ign *));
+static int check_history_control __P((char *));
+static void hc_erasedups __P((char *));
+static void really_add_history __P((char *));
+
+static struct ignorevar histignore =
+{
+ "HISTIGNORE",
+ (struct ign *)0,
+ 0,
+ (char *)0,
+ (sh_iv_item_func_t *)histignore_item_func,
+};
+
+#define HIGN_EXPAND 0x01
+
+/* Declarations of bash history variables. */
+/* Non-zero means to remember lines typed to the shell on the history
+ list. This is different than the user-controlled behaviour; this
+ becomes zero when we read lines from a file, for example. */
+int remember_on_history = 1;
+int enable_history_list = 1; /* value for `set -o history' */
+
+/* The number of lines that Bash has added to this history session. The
+ difference between the number of the top element in the history list
+ (offset from history_base) and the number of lines in the history file.
+ Appending this session's history to the history file resets this to 0. */
+int history_lines_this_session;
+
+/* The number of lines that Bash has read from the history file. */
+int history_lines_in_file;
+
+#if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+/* Non-zero means do no history expansion on this line, regardless
+ of what history_expansion says. */
+int history_expansion_inhibited;
+#endif
+
+/* With the old default, every line was saved in the history individually.
+ I.e., if the user enters:
+ bash$ for i in a b c
+ > do
+ > echo $i
+ > done
+ Each line will be individually saved in the history.
+ bash$ history
+ 10 for i in a b c
+ 11 do
+ 12 echo $i
+ 13 done
+ 14 history
+ If the variable command_oriented_history is set, multiple lines
+ which form one command will be saved as one history entry.
+ bash$ for i in a b c
+ > do
+ > echo $i
+ > done
+ bash$ history
+ 10 for i in a b c
+ do
+ echo $i
+ done
+ 11 history
+ The user can then recall the whole command all at once instead
+ of just being able to recall one line at a time.
+
+ This is now enabled by default.
+ */
+int command_oriented_history = 1;
+
+/* Set to 1 if the first line of a possibly-multi-line command was saved
+ in the history list. Managed by maybe_add_history(), but global so
+ the history-manipluating builtins can see it. */
+int current_command_first_line_saved = 0;
+
+/* Non-zero means to store newlines in the history list when using
+ command_oriented_history rather than trying to use semicolons. */
+int literal_history;
+
+/* Non-zero means to append the history to the history file at shell
+ exit, even if the history has been stifled. */
+int force_append_history;
+
+/* A nit for picking at history saving. Flags have the following values:
+
+ Value == 0 means save all lines parsed by the shell on the history.
+ Value & HC_IGNSPACE means save all lines that do not start with a space.
+ Value & HC_IGNDUPS means save all lines that do not match the last
+ line saved.
+ Value & HC_ERASEDUPS means to remove all other matching lines from the
+ history list before saving the latest line. */
+int history_control;
+
+/* Set to 1 if the last command was added to the history list successfully
+ as a separate history entry; set to 0 if the line was ignored or added
+ to a previous entry as part of command-oriented-history processing. */
+int hist_last_line_added;
+
+/* Set to 1 if builtins/history.def:push_history added the last history
+ entry. */
+int hist_last_line_pushed;
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+/* If non-zero, and readline is being used, the user is offered the
+ chance to re-edit a failed history expansion. */
+int history_reediting;
+
+/* If non-zero, and readline is being used, don't directly execute a
+ line with history substitution. Reload it into the editing buffer
+ instead and let the user further edit and confirm with a newline. */
+int hist_verify;
+
+#endif /* READLINE */
+
+/* Non-zero means to not save function definitions in the history list. */
+int dont_save_function_defs;
+
+/* Variables declared in other files used here. */
+extern int current_command_line_count;
+
+extern struct dstack dstack;
+extern int parser_state;
+
+static int bash_history_inhibit_expansion __P((char *, int));
+#if defined (READLINE)
+static void re_edit __P((char *));
+#endif
+static int history_expansion_p __P((char *));
+static int shell_comment __P((char *));
+static int should_expand __P((char *));
+static HIST_ENTRY *last_history_entry __P((void));
+static char *expand_histignore_pattern __P((char *));
+static int history_should_ignore __P((char *));
+
+/* Is the history expansion starting at string[i] one that should not
+ be expanded? */
+static int
+bash_history_inhibit_expansion (string, i)
+ char *string;
+ int i;
+{
+ /* The shell uses ! as a pattern negation character in globbing [...]
+ expressions, so let those pass without expansion. */
+ if (i > 0 && (string[i - 1] == '[') && member (']', string + i + 1))
+ return (1);
+ /* The shell uses ! as the indirect expansion character, so let those
+ expansions pass as well. */
+ else if (i > 1 && string[i - 1] == '{' && string[i - 2] == '$' &&
+ member ('}', string + i + 1))
+ return (1);
+ /* The shell uses $! as a defined parameter expansion. */
+ else if (i > 1 && string[i - 1] == '$' && string[i] == '!')
+ return (1);
+#if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB)
+ else if (extended_glob && i > 1 && string[i+1] == '(' && member (')', string + i + 2))
+ return (1);
+#endif
+ else
+ return (0);
+}
+
+void
+bash_initialize_history ()
+{
+ history_quotes_inhibit_expansion = 1;
+ history_search_delimiter_chars = ";&()|<>";
+ history_inhibit_expansion_function = bash_history_inhibit_expansion;
+#if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ sv_histchars ("histchars");
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+bash_history_reinit (interact)
+ int interact;
+{
+#if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ history_expansion = interact != 0;
+ history_expansion_inhibited = 1;
+#endif
+ remember_on_history = enable_history_list = interact != 0;
+ history_inhibit_expansion_function = bash_history_inhibit_expansion;
+}
+
+void
+bash_history_disable ()
+{
+ remember_on_history = 0;
+#if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ history_expansion_inhibited = 1;
+#endif
+}
+
+void
+bash_history_enable ()
+{
+ remember_on_history = 1;
+#if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ history_expansion_inhibited = 0;
+#endif
+ history_inhibit_expansion_function = bash_history_inhibit_expansion;
+ sv_history_control ("HISTCONTROL");
+ sv_histignore ("HISTIGNORE");
+}
+
+/* Load the history list from the history file. */
+void
+load_history ()
+{
+ char *hf;
+
+ /* Truncate history file for interactive shells which desire it.
+ Note that the history file is automatically truncated to the
+ size of HISTSIZE if the user does not explicitly set the size
+ differently. */
+ set_if_not ("HISTSIZE", "500");
+ sv_histsize ("HISTSIZE");
+
+ set_if_not ("HISTFILESIZE", get_string_value ("HISTSIZE"));
+ sv_histsize ("HISTFILESIZE");
+
+ /* Read the history in HISTFILE into the history list. */
+ hf = get_string_value ("HISTFILE");
+
+ if (hf && *hf && file_exists (hf))
+ {
+ read_history (hf);
+ using_history ();
+ history_lines_in_file = where_history ();
+ }
+}
+
+void
+bash_clear_history ()
+{
+ clear_history ();
+ history_lines_this_session = 0;
+}
+
+/* Delete and free the history list entry at offset I. */
+int
+bash_delete_histent (i)
+ int i;
+{
+ HIST_ENTRY *discard;
+
+ discard = remove_history (i);
+ if (discard)
+ free_history_entry (discard);
+ history_lines_this_session--;
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+int
+bash_delete_last_history ()
+{
+ register int i;
+ HIST_ENTRY **hlist, *histent;
+ int r;
+
+ hlist = history_list ();
+ if (hlist == NULL)
+ return 0;
+
+ for (i = 0; hlist[i]; i++)
+ ;
+ i--;
+
+ /* History_get () takes a parameter that must be offset by history_base. */
+ histent = history_get (history_base + i); /* Don't free this */
+ if (histent == NULL)
+ return 0;
+
+ r = bash_delete_histent (i);
+
+ if (where_history () > history_length)
+ history_set_pos (history_length);
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
+/* Write the existing history out to the history file. */
+void
+save_history ()
+{
+ char *hf;
+ int r;
+
+ hf = get_string_value ("HISTFILE");
+ if (hf && *hf && file_exists (hf))
+ {
+ /* Append only the lines that occurred this session to
+ the history file. */
+ using_history ();
+
+ if (history_lines_this_session <= where_history () || force_append_history)
+ r = append_history (history_lines_this_session, hf);
+ else
+ r = write_history (hf);
+ sv_histsize ("HISTFILESIZE");
+ }
+}
+#endif
+
+int
+maybe_append_history (filename)
+ char *filename;
+{
+ int fd, result;
+ struct stat buf;
+
+ result = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
+ if (history_lines_this_session && (history_lines_this_session <= where_history ()))
+ {
+ /* If the filename was supplied, then create it if necessary. */
+ if (stat (filename, &buf) == -1 && errno == ENOENT)
+ {
+ fd = open (filename, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT, 0600);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ {
+ builtin_error (_("%s: cannot create: %s"), filename, strerror (errno));
+ return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
+ }
+ close (fd);
+ }
+ result = append_history (history_lines_this_session, filename);
+ history_lines_in_file += history_lines_this_session;
+ history_lines_this_session = 0;
+ }
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* If this is an interactive shell, then append the lines executed
+ this session to the history file. */
+int
+maybe_save_shell_history ()
+{
+ int result;
+ char *hf;
+
+ result = 0;
+ if (history_lines_this_session)
+ {
+ hf = get_string_value ("HISTFILE");
+
+ if (hf && *hf)
+ {
+ /* If the file doesn't exist, then create it. */
+ if (file_exists (hf) == 0)
+ {
+ int file;
+ file = open (hf, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0600);
+ if (file != -1)
+ close (file);
+ }
+
+ /* Now actually append the lines if the history hasn't been
+ stifled. If the history has been stifled, rewrite the
+ history file. */
+ using_history ();
+ if (history_lines_this_session <= where_history () || force_append_history)
+ {
+ result = append_history (history_lines_this_session, hf);
+ history_lines_in_file += history_lines_this_session;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ result = write_history (hf);
+ history_lines_in_file = history_lines_this_session;
+ }
+ history_lines_this_session = 0;
+
+ sv_histsize ("HISTFILESIZE");
+ }
+ }
+ return (result);
+}
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+/* Tell readline () that we have some text for it to edit. */
+static void
+re_edit (text)
+ char *text;
+{
+ if (bash_input.type == st_stdin)
+ bash_re_edit (text);
+}
+#endif /* READLINE */
+
+/* Return 1 if this line needs history expansion. */
+static int
+history_expansion_p (line)
+ char *line;
+{
+ register char *s;
+
+ for (s = line; *s; s++)
+ if (*s == history_expansion_char || *s == history_subst_char)
+ return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* Do pre-processing on LINE. If PRINT_CHANGES is non-zero, then
+ print the results of expanding the line if there were any changes.
+ If there is an error, return NULL, otherwise the expanded line is
+ returned. If ADDIT is non-zero the line is added to the history
+ list after history expansion. ADDIT is just a suggestion;
+ REMEMBER_ON_HISTORY can veto, and does.
+ Right now this does history expansion. */
+char *
+pre_process_line (line, print_changes, addit)
+ char *line;
+ int print_changes, addit;
+{
+ char *history_value;
+ char *return_value;
+ int expanded;
+
+ return_value = line;
+ expanded = 0;
+
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ /* History expand the line. If this results in no errors, then
+ add that line to the history if ADDIT is non-zero. */
+ if (!history_expansion_inhibited && history_expansion && history_expansion_p (line))
+ {
+ expanded = history_expand (line, &history_value);
+
+ if (expanded)
+ {
+ if (print_changes)
+ {
+ if (expanded < 0)
+ internal_error ("%s", history_value);
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ else if (hist_verify == 0 || expanded == 2)
+#else
+ else
+#endif
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", history_value);
+ }
+
+ /* If there was an error, return NULL. */
+ if (expanded < 0 || expanded == 2) /* 2 == print only */
+ {
+# if defined (READLINE)
+ if (expanded == 2 && rl_dispatching == 0 && *history_value)
+# else
+ if (expanded == 2 && *history_value)
+# endif /* !READLINE */
+ maybe_add_history (history_value);
+
+ free (history_value);
+
+# if defined (READLINE)
+ /* New hack. We can allow the user to edit the
+ failed history expansion. */
+ if (history_reediting && expanded < 0 && rl_done)
+ re_edit (line);
+# endif /* READLINE */
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ }
+
+# if defined (READLINE)
+ if (hist_verify && expanded == 1)
+ {
+ re_edit (history_value);
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ }
+# endif
+ }
+
+ /* Let other expansions know that return_value can be free'ed,
+ and that a line has been added to the history list. Note
+ that we only add lines that have something in them. */
+ expanded = 1;
+ return_value = history_value;
+ }
+# endif /* BANG_HISTORY */
+
+ if (addit && remember_on_history && *return_value)
+ maybe_add_history (return_value);
+
+#if 0
+ if (expanded == 0)
+ return_value = savestring (line);
+#endif
+
+ return (return_value);
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if the first non-whitespace character in LINE is a `#', indicating
+ * that the line is a shell comment. */
+static int
+shell_comment (line)
+ char *line;
+{
+ char *p;
+
+ for (p = line; p && *p && whitespace (*p); p++)
+ ;
+ return (p && *p == '#');
+}
+
+#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
+/* Remove shell comments from LINE. A `#' and anything after it is a comment.
+ This isn't really useful yet, since it doesn't handle quoting. */
+static char *
+filter_comments (line)
+ char *line;
+{
+ char *p;
+
+ for (p = line; p && *p && *p != '#'; p++)
+ ;
+ if (p && *p == '#')
+ *p = '\0';
+ return (line);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Check LINE against what HISTCONTROL says to do. Returns 1 if the line
+ should be saved; 0 if it should be discarded. */
+static int
+check_history_control (line)
+ char *line;
+{
+ HIST_ENTRY *temp;
+ int r;
+
+ if (history_control == 0)
+ return 1;
+
+ /* ignorespace or ignoreboth */
+ if ((history_control & HC_IGNSPACE) && *line == ' ')
+ return 0;
+
+ /* ignoredups or ignoreboth */
+ if (history_control & HC_IGNDUPS)
+ {
+ using_history ();
+ temp = previous_history ();
+
+ r = (temp == 0 || STREQ (temp->line, line) == 0);
+
+ using_history ();
+
+ if (r == 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+/* Remove all entries matching LINE from the history list. Triggered when
+ HISTCONTROL includes `erasedups'. */
+static void
+hc_erasedups (line)
+ char *line;
+{
+ HIST_ENTRY *temp;
+ int r;
+
+ using_history ();
+ while (temp = previous_history ())
+ {
+ if (STREQ (temp->line, line))
+ {
+ r = where_history ();
+ remove_history (r);
+ }
+ }
+ using_history ();
+}
+
+/* Add LINE to the history list, handling possibly multi-line compound
+ commands. We note whether or not we save the first line of each command
+ (which is usually the entire command and history entry), and don't add
+ the second and subsequent lines of a multi-line compound command if we
+ didn't save the first line. We don't usually save shell comment lines in
+ compound commands in the history, because they could have the effect of
+ commenting out the rest of the command when the entire command is saved as
+ a single history entry (when COMMAND_ORIENTED_HISTORY is enabled). If
+ LITERAL_HISTORY is set, we're saving lines in the history with embedded
+ newlines, so it's OK to save comment lines. If we're collecting the body
+ of a here-document, we should act as if literal_history is enabled, because
+ we want to save the entire contents of the here-document as it was
+ entered. We also make sure to save multiple-line quoted strings or other
+ constructs. */
+void
+maybe_add_history (line)
+ char *line;
+{
+ hist_last_line_added = 0;
+
+ /* Don't use the value of history_control to affect the second
+ and subsequent lines of a multi-line command (old code did
+ this only when command_oriented_history is enabled). */
+ if (current_command_line_count > 1)
+ {
+ if (current_command_first_line_saved &&
+ ((parser_state & PST_HEREDOC) || literal_history || dstack.delimiter_depth != 0 || shell_comment (line) == 0))
+ bash_add_history (line);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* This is the first line of a (possible multi-line) command. Note whether
+ or not we should save the first line and remember it. */
+ current_command_first_line_saved = check_add_history (line, 0);
+}
+
+/* Just check LINE against HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE and add it to the
+ history if it's OK. Used by `history -s' as well as maybe_add_history().
+ Returns 1 if the line was saved in the history, 0 otherwise. */
+int
+check_add_history (line, force)
+ char *line;
+ int force;
+{
+ if (check_history_control (line) && history_should_ignore (line) == 0)
+ {
+ /* We're committed to saving the line. If the user has requested it,
+ remove other matching lines from the history. */
+ if (history_control & HC_ERASEDUPS)
+ hc_erasedups (line);
+
+ if (force)
+ {
+ really_add_history (line);
+ using_history ();
+ }
+ else
+ bash_add_history (line);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#if defined (SYSLOG_HISTORY)
+#define SYSLOG_MAXLEN 600
+
+void
+bash_syslog_history (line)
+ const char *line;
+{
+ char trunc[SYSLOG_MAXLEN];
+
+ if (strlen(line) < SYSLOG_MAXLEN)
+ syslog (SYSLOG_FACILITY|SYSLOG_LEVEL, "HISTORY: PID=%d UID=%d %s", getpid(), current_user.uid, line);
+ else
+ {
+ strncpy (trunc, line, SYSLOG_MAXLEN);
+ trunc[SYSLOG_MAXLEN - 1] = '\0';
+ syslog (SYSLOG_FACILITY|SYSLOG_LEVEL, "HISTORY (TRUNCATED): PID=%d UID=%d %s", getpid(), current_user.uid, trunc);
+ }
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Add a line to the history list.
+ The variable COMMAND_ORIENTED_HISTORY controls the style of history
+ remembering; when non-zero, and LINE is not the first line of a
+ complete parser construct, append LINE to the last history line instead
+ of adding it as a new line. */
+void
+bash_add_history (line)
+ char *line;
+{
+ int add_it, offset, curlen;
+ HIST_ENTRY *current, *old;
+ char *chars_to_add, *new_line;
+
+ add_it = 1;
+ if (command_oriented_history && current_command_line_count > 1)
+ {
+ /* The second and subsequent lines of a here document have the trailing
+ newline preserved. We don't want to add extra newlines here, but we
+ do want to add one after the first line (which is the command that
+ contains the here-doc specifier). parse.y:history_delimiting_chars()
+ does the right thing to take care of this for us. We don't want to
+ add extra newlines if the user chooses literal_history, so we have to
+ duplicate some of what that function does here. */
+ if ((parser_state & PST_HEREDOC) && literal_history && current_command_line_count > 2 && line[strlen (line) - 1] == '\n')
+ chars_to_add = "";
+ else
+ chars_to_add = literal_history ? "\n" : history_delimiting_chars (line);
+
+ using_history ();
+ current = previous_history ();
+
+ if (current)
+ {
+ /* If the previous line ended with an escaped newline (escaped
+ with backslash, but otherwise unquoted), then remove the quoted
+ newline, since that is what happens when the line is parsed. */
+ curlen = strlen (current->line);
+
+ if (dstack.delimiter_depth == 0 && current->line[curlen - 1] == '\\' &&
+ current->line[curlen - 2] != '\\')
+ {
+ current->line[curlen - 1] = '\0';
+ curlen--;
+ chars_to_add = "";
+ }
+
+ /* If we're not in some kind of quoted construct, the current history
+ entry ends with a newline, and we're going to add a semicolon,
+ don't. In some cases, it results in a syntax error (e.g., before
+ a close brace), and it should not be needed. */
+ if (dstack.delimiter_depth == 0 && current->line[curlen - 1] == '\n' && *chars_to_add == ';')
+ chars_to_add++;
+
+ new_line = (char *)xmalloc (1
+ + curlen
+ + strlen (line)
+ + strlen (chars_to_add));
+ sprintf (new_line, "%s%s%s", current->line, chars_to_add, line);
+ offset = where_history ();
+ old = replace_history_entry (offset, new_line, current->data);
+ free (new_line);
+
+ if (old)
+ free_history_entry (old);
+
+ add_it = 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (add_it)
+ really_add_history (line);
+
+#if defined (SYSLOG_HISTORY)
+ bash_syslog_history (line);
+#endif
+
+ using_history ();
+}
+
+static void
+really_add_history (line)
+ char *line;
+{
+ hist_last_line_added = 1;
+ hist_last_line_pushed = 0;
+ add_history (line);
+ history_lines_this_session++;
+}
+
+int
+history_number ()
+{
+ using_history ();
+ return (remember_on_history ? history_base + where_history () : 1);
+}
+
+static int
+should_expand (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ char *p;
+
+ for (p = s; p && *p; p++)
+ {
+ if (*p == '\\')
+ p++;
+ else if (*p == '&')
+ return 1;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+histignore_item_func (ign)
+ struct ign *ign;
+{
+ if (should_expand (ign->val))
+ ign->flags |= HIGN_EXPAND;
+ return (0);
+}
+
+void
+setup_history_ignore (varname)
+ char *varname;
+{
+ setup_ignore_patterns (&histignore);
+}
+
+static HIST_ENTRY *
+last_history_entry ()
+{
+ HIST_ENTRY *he;
+
+ using_history ();
+ he = previous_history ();
+ using_history ();
+ return he;
+}
+
+char *
+last_history_line ()
+{
+ HIST_ENTRY *he;
+
+ he = last_history_entry ();
+ if (he == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ return he->line;
+}
+
+static char *
+expand_histignore_pattern (pat)
+ char *pat;
+{
+ HIST_ENTRY *phe;
+ char *ret;
+
+ phe = last_history_entry ();
+
+ if (phe == (HIST_ENTRY *)0)
+ return (savestring (pat));
+
+ ret = strcreplace (pat, '&', phe->line, 1);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if we should not put LINE into the history according to the
+ patterns in HISTIGNORE. */
+static int
+history_should_ignore (line)
+ char *line;
+{
+ register int i, match;
+ char *npat;
+
+ if (histignore.num_ignores == 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ for (i = match = 0; i < histignore.num_ignores; i++)
+ {
+ if (histignore.ignores[i].flags & HIGN_EXPAND)
+ npat = expand_histignore_pattern (histignore.ignores[i].val);
+ else
+ npat = histignore.ignores[i].val;
+
+ match = strmatch (npat, line, FNMATCH_EXTFLAG) != FNM_NOMATCH;
+
+ if (histignore.ignores[i].flags & HIGN_EXPAND)
+ free (npat);
+
+ if (match)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return match;
+}
+#endif /* HISTORY */
rl_filename_rewrite_hook = bash_filename_rewrite_hook;
+ rl_filename_stat_hook = bash_filename_stat_hook;
+
/* Tell the filename completer we want a chance to ignore some names. */
rl_ignore_some_completions_function = filename_completion_ignore;
const char *text;
int start, end, qc, compflags;
{
- char **matches;
+ char **matches, *t;
matches = (char **)NULL;
if (qc != '\'' && text[1] == '(') /* ) */
matches = rl_completion_matches (text, command_subst_completion_function);
else
- matches = rl_completion_matches (text, variable_completion_function);
+ {
+ matches = rl_completion_matches (text, variable_completion_function);
+ if (matches && matches[0] && matches[1] == 0)
+ {
+ t = savestring (matches[0]);
+ bash_filename_stat_hook (&t);
+ /* doesn't use test_for_directory because that performs tilde
+ expansion */
+ if (file_isdir (t))
+ rl_completion_append_character = '/';
+ free (t);
+ }
+ }
}
/* If the word starts in `~', and there is no slash in the word, then
rl_directory_rewrite_hook = hookf;
}
+/* Expand a filename before the readline completion code passes it to stat(2).
+ The filename will already have had tilde expansion performed. */
static int
bash_filename_stat_hook (dirname)
char **dirname;
*dirname = new_dirname;
return_value = STREQ (local_dirname, *dirname) == 0;
}
+ else
+ free (new_dirname);
free (local_dirname);
- free (new_dirname);
dispose_words (wl);
}
else
static char *restore_tilde __P((char *, char *));
static char *bash_filename_rewrite_hook __P((char *, int));
+
static void bash_directory_expansion __P((char **));
+static int bash_filename_stat_hook __P((char **));
static int bash_directory_completion_hook __P((char **));
static int filename_completion_ignore __P((char **));
static int bash_push_line __P((void));
static rl_icppfunc_t *save_directory_hook __P((void));
-static void reset_directory_hook __P((rl_icppfunc_t *));
+static void restore_directory_hook __P((rl_icppfunc_t));
static void cleanup_expansion_error __P((void));
static void maybe_make_readline_line __P((char *));
set_directory_hook ();
rl_filename_rewrite_hook = bash_filename_rewrite_hook;
+#if 0
+ rl_filename_stat_hook = bash_filename_stat_hook;
+#endif
/* Tell the filename completer we want a chance to ignore some names. */
rl_ignore_some_completions_function = filename_completion_ignore;
/* The equivalent of the Korn shell C-o operate-and-get-next-history-line
editing command. */
static int saved_history_line_to_use = -1;
+static int last_saved_history_line = -1;
+
+#define HISTORY_FULL() (history_is_stifled () && history_length >= history_max_entries)
static int
set_saved_history ()
{
+ /* XXX - compensate for assumption that history was `shuffled' if it was
+ actually not. */
+ if (HISTORY_FULL () &&
+ hist_last_line_added == 0 &&
+ saved_history_line_to_use < history_length - 1)
+ saved_history_line_to_use++;
+
if (saved_history_line_to_use >= 0)
- rl_get_previous_history (history_length - saved_history_line_to_use, 0);
+ {
+ rl_get_previous_history (history_length - saved_history_line_to_use, 0);
+ last_saved_history_line = saved_history_line_to_use;
+ }
saved_history_line_to_use = -1;
rl_startup_hook = old_rl_startup_hook;
return (0);
/* Find the current line, and find the next line to use. */
where = where_history ();
- if ((history_is_stifled () && (history_length >= history_max_entries)) ||
- (where >= history_length - 1))
+ if (HISTORY_FULL () || (where >= history_length - 1))
saved_history_line_to_use = where;
else
saved_history_line_to_use = where + 1;
const char *text;
int start, end, qc, compflags;
{
- char **matches;
+ char **matches, *t;
matches = (char **)NULL;
if (qc != '\'' && text[1] == '(') /* ) */
matches = rl_completion_matches (text, command_subst_completion_function);
else
- matches = rl_completion_matches (text, variable_completion_function);
+ {
+ matches = rl_completion_matches (text, variable_completion_function);
+ if (matches && matches[0] && matches[1] == 0)
+ {
+ t = savestring (matches[0]);
+ bash_filename_stat_hook (&t);
+ /* doesn't use test_for_directory because that performs tilde
+ expansion */
+ if (file_isdir (t))
+ rl_completion_append_character = '/';
+ free (t);
+ }
+ }
}
/* If the word starts in `~', and there is no slash in the word, then
rl_directory_rewrite_hook = hookf;
}
+/* Expand a filename before the readline completion code passes it to stat(2).
+ The filename will already have had tilde expansion performed. */
static int
-bash_directory_stat_hook (dirname)
+bash_filename_stat_hook (dirname)
char **dirname;
{
char *local_dirname, *new_dirname, *t;
*dirname = new_dirname;
return_value = STREQ (local_dirname, *dirname) == 0;
}
+ else
+ free (new_dirname);
free (local_dirname);
- free (new_dirname);
dispose_words (wl);
}
else
/* Leave the opening quote intact. The readline completion code takes
care of avoiding doubled opening quotes. */
- rlen = strlen (rtext);
- ret = (char *)xmalloc (rlen + 1);
- strcpy (ret, rtext);
+ if (rtext)
+ {
+ rlen = strlen (rtext);
+ ret = (char *)xmalloc (rlen + 1);
+ strcpy (ret, rtext);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ ret = (char *)xmalloc (rlen = 1);
+ ret[0] = '\0';
+ }
/* If there are multiple matches, cut off the closing quote. */
if (rtype == MULT_MATCH && cs != COMPLETE_BSQUOTE)
The following paragraphs describe how b\bba\bas\bsh\bh executes its startup files.
If any of the files exist but cannot be read, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
- Tildes are expanded in file names as described below under T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bn-\b-
+ Tildes are expanded in filenames as described below under T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bn-\b-
s\bsi\bio\bon\bn in the E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN section.
When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-inter-
of a file to read and execute. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh behaves as if the following com-
mand were executed:
if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi
- but the value of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not used to search for the file
+ but the value of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not used to search for the file-
name.
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with the name s\bsh\bh, it tries to mimic the startup
The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a pipe to the standard
input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2. This connection is performed before any redirec-
tions specified by the command (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). If |\b|&\b& is used,
- the standard error of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2's standard input
- through the pipe; it is shorthand for 2\b2>\b>&\b&1\b1 |\b|. This implicit redirect-
- ion of the standard error is performed after any redirections specified
- by the command.
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd's standard output and standard error are connected to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2's standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for 2\b2>\b>&\b&1\b1 |\b|.
+ This implicit redirection of the standard error is performed after any
+ redirections specified by the command.
The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command,
unless the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl option is enabled. If p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, the
This creates a coprocess named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE. If _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is not supplied, the
default name is C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC. _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE must not be supplied if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\b-
_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word
- of the simple command. When the coproc is executed, the shell creates
- an array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE in the context of the
- executing shell. The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a
+ of the simple command. When the coprocess is executed, the shell cre-
+ ates an array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE in the context of
+ the executing shell. The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a
pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file
descriptor is assigned to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[0]. The standard input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and
That command is usually a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt of commands between { and }, but
may be any command listed under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed whenever _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is specified as the name
- of a simple command. Any redirections (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below)
- specified when a function is defined are performed when the
- function is executed. The exit status of a function definition
- is zero unless a syntax error occurs or a readonly function with
- the same name already exists. When executed, the exit status of
- a function is the exit status of the last command executed in
- the body. (See F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below.)
+ of a simple command. When in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be may not be the
+ name of one of the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bs. Any redirections
+ (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below) specified when a function is defined are
+ performed when the function is executed. The exit status of a
+ function definition is zero unless a syntax error occurs or a
+ readonly function with the same name already exists. When exe-
+ cuted, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the
+ last command executed in the body. (See F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below.)
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\br-\b-
- a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin is enabled (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), a word beginning with #\b# causes that word and
- all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive
- shell without the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option enabled does not allow
+ a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin is enabled (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), a word beginning with #\b# causes that word and
+ all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive
+ shell without the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option enabled does not allow
comments. The i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option is on by default in interac-
tive shells.
Q\bQU\bUO\bOT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
- _\bQ_\bu_\bo_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or
- words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment
+ _\bQ_\bu_\bo_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or
+ words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment
for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized
as such, and to prevent parameter expansion.
- Each of the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs listed above under D\bDE\bEF\bFI\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS has special
+ Each of the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs listed above under D\bDE\bEF\bFI\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS has special
meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself.
- When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
+ When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below), the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, usually !\b!, must
be quoted to prevent history expansion.
- There are three quoting mechanisms: the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br, single
+ There are three quoting mechanisms: the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br, single
quotes, and double quotes.
- A non-quoted backslash (\\b\) is the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br. It preserves the
+ A non-quoted backslash (\\b\) is the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br. It preserves the
literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of
- <newline>. If a \\b\<newline> pair appears, and the backslash is not
- itself quoted, the \\b\<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that
+ <newline>. If a \\b\<newline> pair appears, and the backslash is not
+ itself quoted, the \\b\<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that
is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored).
- Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of
+ Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of
each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur between
single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
- Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of
- all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $\b$, `\b`, \\b\, and,
- when history expansion is enabled, !\b!. The characters $\b$ and `\b` retain
- their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its
- special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters:
- $\b$, `\b`, "\b", \\b\, or <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>. A double quote may be quoted within double
+ Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of
+ all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $\b$, `\b`, \\b\, and,
+ when history expansion is enabled, !\b!. The characters $\b$ and `\b` retain
+ their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its
+ special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters:
+ $\b$, `\b`, "\b", \\b\, or <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>. A double quote may be quoted within double
quotes by preceding it with a backslash. If enabled, history expansion
- will be performed unless an !\b! appearing in double quotes is escaped
+ will be performed unless an !\b! appearing in double quotes is escaped
using a backslash. The backslash preceding the !\b! is not removed.
- The special parameters *\b* and @\b@ have special meaning when in double
+ The special parameters *\b* and @\b@ have special meaning when in double
quotes (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below).
Words of the form $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' are treated specially. The word expands to
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the
- ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the
+ ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded
as follows:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\\\b\ backslash
\\b\'\b' single quote
\\b\"\b" double quote
- \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
\\b\c\bc_\bx a control-_\bx character
- The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
+ The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
been present.
A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg") will cause
- the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the
- current locale is C\bC or P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the
+ the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the
+ current locale is C\bC or P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the
string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.
P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS
- A _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an entity that stores values. It can be a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a num-
+ A _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an entity that stores values. It can be a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a num-
ber, or one of the special characters listed below under S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bm-\b-
- e\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be is a parameter denoted by a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. A variable has a
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be and zero or more _\ba_\bt_\bt_\br_\bi_\bb_\bu_\bt_\be_\bs. Attributes are assigned using the
- d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin command (see d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be below in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS).
+ e\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be is a parameter denoted by a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. A variable has a
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be and zero or more _\ba_\bt_\bt_\br_\bi_\bb_\bu_\bt_\be_\bs. Attributes are assigned using the
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin command (see d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be below in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS).
A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
- a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
+ a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be may be assigned to by a statement of the form
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=[_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be]
- If _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\bs undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bN-\b-
+ If _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\bs undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com-
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bN-\b-
S\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). If the variable has its i\bin\bnt\bte\beg\bge\ber\br attribute set, then _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) expansion
- is not used (see A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn below). Word splitting is not
- performed, with the exception of "\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" as explained below under S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl
- P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment state-
- ments may also appear as arguments to the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt,
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt, r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by, and l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin commands.
-
- In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a
+ is not used (see A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn below). Word splitting is not
+ performed, with the exception of "\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" as explained below under S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment state-
+ ments may also appear as arguments to the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt,
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt, r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by, and l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin commands. When in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be,
+ these builtins may appear in a command after one or more instances of
+ the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin and retain these assignment statement properties.
+
+ In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a
shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to
or add to the variable's previous value. When += is applied to a vari-
- able for which the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute has been set, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is evaluated
- as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value,
+ able for which the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute has been set, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is evaluated
+ as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value,
which is also evaluated. When += is applied to an array variable using
- compound assignment (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below), the variable's value is not
+ compound assignment (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below), the variable's value is not
unset (as it is when using =), and new values are appended to the array
- beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed
+ beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed
arrays) or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array.
- When applied to a string-valued variable, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is expanded and
+ When applied to a string-valued variable, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is expanded and
appended to the variable's value.
P\bPo\bos\bsi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- A _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a parameter denoted by one or more digits,
+ A _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a parameter denoted by one or more digits,
other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are assigned from
- the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using
- the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
- with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily
+ the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using
+ the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
+ with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily
replaced when a shell function is executed (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below).
- When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is
+ When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is
expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below).
S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
+ The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
- *\b* Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
- the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a sin-
+ *\b* Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
+ the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a sin-
gle word with the value of each parameter separated by the first
character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. That is, "$\b$*\b*" is equiva-
lent to "$\b$1\b1_\bc$\b$2\b2_\bc.\b..\b..\b.", where _\bc is the first character of the value
- of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, the parameters are sepa-
- rated by spaces. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, the parameters are joined
+ of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, the parameters are sepa-
+ rated by spaces. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, the parameters are joined
without intervening separators.
- @\b@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
+ @\b@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter
expands to a separate word. That is, "$\b$@\b@" is equivalent to "$\b$1\b1"
- "$\b$2\b2" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word,
- the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin-
- ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last
- parameter is joined with the last part of the original word.
- When there are no positional parameters, "$\b$@\b@" and $\b$@\b@ expand to
+ "$\b$2\b2" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word,
+ the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin-
+ ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last
+ parameter is joined with the last part of the original word.
+ When there are no positional parameters, "$\b$@\b@" and $\b$@\b@ expand to
nothing (i.e., they are removed).
#\b# Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
- ?\b? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore-
+ ?\b? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore-
ground pipeline.
- -\b- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca-
- tion, by the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, or those set by the shell
+ -\b- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca-
+ tion, by the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, or those set by the shell
itself (such as the -\b-i\bi option).
- $\b$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it
- expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub-
+ $\b$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it
+ expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub-
shell.
- !\b! Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed back-
+ !\b! Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed back-
ground (asynchronous) command.
- 0\b0 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set
+ 0\b0 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set
at shell initialization. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with a file of com-
- mands, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of that file. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started
- with the -\b-c\bc option, then $\b$0\b0 is set to the first argument after
- the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is
- set to the file name used to invoke b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, as given by argument
+ mands, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of that file. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started
+ with the -\b-c\bc option, then $\b$0\b0 is set to the first argument after
+ the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is
+ set to the filename used to invoke b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, as given by argument
zero.
- _\b_ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke
- the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi-
- ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last
- argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to
- the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and
+ _\b_ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke
+ the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi-
+ ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last
+ argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to
+ the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and
placed in the environment exported to that command. When check-
- ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur-
+ ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur-
rently being checked.
S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
The following variables are set by the shell:
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
- the list is a valid argument for the -\b-s\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+ the list is a valid argument for the -\b-s\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The options
- appearing in B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt. If
- this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
- shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
+ appearing in B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt. If
+ this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
+ shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
startup files. This variable is read-only.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD
- Expands to the process ID of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh process. This
- differs from $\b$$\b$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells
+ Expands to the process ID of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh process. This
+ differs from $\b$$\b$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells
that do not require b\bba\bas\bsh\bh to be re-initialized.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
- An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
- internal list of aliases as maintained by the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin.
+ An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
+ internal list of aliases as maintained by the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin.
Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting
- array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
+ array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC
- An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in
+ An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in
each frame of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh execution call stack. The number
- of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or
- script executed with .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) is at the top of the stack.
- When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed
+ of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or
+ script executed with .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) is at the top of the stack.
+ When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed
is pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC. The shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC only when in
- extended debugging mode (see the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
+ extended debugging mode (see the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below)
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV
- An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur-
+ An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur-
rent b\bba\bas\bsh\bh execution call stack. The final parameter of the last
- subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter
+ subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter
of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is exe-
- cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV. The
- shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV only when in extended debugging mode (see
- the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
+ cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV. The
+ shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV only when in extended debugging mode (see
+ the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
below)
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS
- An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
- internal hash table of commands as maintained by the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh
+ An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
+ internal hash table of commands as maintained by the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh
builtin. Elements added to this array appear in the hash table;
- unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed from the
+ unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed from the
hash table.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- The command currently being executed or about to be executed,
+ The command currently being executed or about to be executed,
unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
- in which case it is the command executing at the time of the
+ in which case it is the command executing at the time of the
trap.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN_\b_S\bST\bTR\bRI\bIN\bNG\bG
The command argument to the -\b-c\bc invocation option.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO
- An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source
- files where each corresponding member of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE was invoked.
+ An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source
+ files where each corresponding member of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE was invoked.
$\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is the line number in the source file
($\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b}) where $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called (or
- $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b-_\b1]\b]}\b} if referenced within another shell func-
+ $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b-_\b1]\b]}\b} if referenced within another shell func-
tion). Use L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO to obtain the current line number.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH
- An array variable whose members are assigned by the =\b=~\b~ binary
- operator to the [\b[[\b[ conditional command. The element with index
- 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular
- expression. The element with index _\bn is the portion of the
+ An array variable whose members are assigned by the =\b=~\b~ binary
+ operator to the [\b[[\b[ conditional command. The element with index
+ 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular
+ expression. The element with index _\bn is the portion of the
string matching the _\bnth parenthesized subexpression. This vari-
able is read-only.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE
- An array variable whose members are the source filenames where
- the corresponding shell function names in the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE array
- variable are defined. The shell function $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is
- defined in the file $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} and called from
+ An array variable whose members are the source filenames where
+ the corresponding shell function names in the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE array
+ variable are defined. The shell function $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is
+ defined in the file $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} and called from
$\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b}.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment
- when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini-
+ Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment
+ when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini-
tial value is 0.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO
A readonly array variable whose members hold version information
- for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The values assigned to the array
+ for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The values assigned to the array
members are as follows:
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[0]\b] The major version number (the _\br_\be_\bl_\be_\ba_\bs_\be).
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[1]\b] The minor version number (the _\bv_\be_\br_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn).
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[0]\b] The major version number (the _\br_\be_\bl_\be_\ba_\bs_\be).
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[1]\b] The minor version number (the _\bv_\be_\br_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn).
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[2]\b] The patch level.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[3]\b] The build version.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[4]\b] The release status (e.g., _\bb_\be_\bt_\ba_\b1).
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[5]\b] The value of M\bMA\bAC\bCH\bHT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
+ Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
- An index into $\b${\b{C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS}\b} of the word containing the current
+ An index into $\b${\b{C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS}\b} of the word containing the current
cursor position. This variable is available only in shell func-
- tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
+ tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY
The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the cur-
rent completion function.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
- The current command line. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
- grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ The current command line. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
+ grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT
- The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin-
- ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is
+ The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin-
+ ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is
at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is
- equal to $\b${\b{#\b#C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE}\b}. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
- grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ equal to $\b${\b{#\b#C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE}\b}. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
+ grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion
- attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _\bT_\bA_\bB,
- for normal completion, _\b?, for listing completions after succes-
- sive tabs, _\b!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple-
- tion, _\b@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or
- _\b%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
- grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion
+ attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _\bT_\bA_\bB,
+ for normal completion, _\b?, for listing completions after succes-
+ sive tabs, _\b!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple-
+ tion, _\b@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or
+ _\b%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
+ grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
- The set of characters that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library treats as word
- separators when performing word completion. If C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
- is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
+ The set of characters that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library treats as word
+ separators when performing word completion. If C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
+ is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
quently reset.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) consisting of the individ-
- ual words in the current command line. The line is split into
- words as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be would split it, using C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS as
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) consisting of the individ-
+ ual words in the current command line. The line is split into
+ words as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be would split it, using C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS as
described above. This variable is available only in shell func-
- tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
+ tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
- C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the file
- descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess
+ C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the file
+ descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess
(see C\bCo\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bse\bes\bs above).
D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK
An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing the current con-
- tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack
- in the order they are displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin. Assigning
+ tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack
+ in the order they are displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin. Assigning
to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo-
- ries already in the stack, but the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd and p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd builtins must
+ ries already in the stack, but the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd and p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd builtins must
be used to add and remove directories. Assignment to this vari-
- able will not change the current directory. If D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK is
- unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
+ able will not change the current directory. If D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK is
+ unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
quently reset.
- E\bEU\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial-
+ E\bEU\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial-
ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly.
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
- An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
+ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0
is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot-
- tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main".
- This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
- Assignments to F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE have no effect and return an error sta-
- tus. If F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE is unset, it loses its special properties,
+ tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main".
+ This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
+ Assignments to F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE have no effect and return an error sta-
+ tus. If F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE is unset, it loses its special properties,
even if it is subsequently reset.
- This variable can be used with B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE.
- Each element of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE has corresponding elements in
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE to describe the call stack. For
- instance, $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called from the file
- $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b} at line number $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b}. The
+ This variable can be used with B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE.
+ Each element of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE has corresponding elements in
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE to describe the call stack. For
+ instance, $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called from the file
+ $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b} at line number $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b}. The
c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br builtin displays the current call stack using this infor-
mation.
- G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
- current user is a member. Assignments to G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS have no effect
- and return an error status. If G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS is unset, it loses its
+ G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
+ current user is a member. Assignments to G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS have no effect
+ and return an error status. If G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS is unset, it loses its
special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD
The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
- command. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD is unset, it loses its special properties,
+ command. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD is unset, it loses its special properties,
even if it is subsequently reset.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
Automatically set to the name of the current host.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type
- of machine on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-
+ Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type
+ of machine on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-
dependent.
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a
- decimal number representing the current sequential line number
- (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
- script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a
+ decimal number representing the current sequential line number
+ (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
+ script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
be meaningful. If L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO is unset, it loses its special proper-
ties, even if it is subsequently reset.
M\bMA\bAC\bCH\bHT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
- type on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing, in the standard GNU _\bc_\bp_\bu_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
+ type on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing, in the standard GNU _\bc_\bp_\bu_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bn_\by_\b-_\bs_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm format. The default is system-dependent.
M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the text
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the text
read by the m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be builtin when no variable name is supplied.
O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD The previous working directory as set by the c\bcd\bd command.
- O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG The value of the last option argument processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG The value of the last option argument processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD The index of the next argument to be processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD The index of the next argument to be processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOS\bST\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys-
- tem on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-depen-
+ O\bOS\bST\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys-
+ tem on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-depen-
dent.
P\bPI\bIP\bPE\bES\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing a list of exit
- status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing a list of exit
+ status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed
foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command).
- P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read-
+ P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read-
only.
P\bPW\bWD\bD The current working directory as set by the c\bcd\bd command.
R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between
0 and 32767 is generated. The sequence of random numbers may be
initialized by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM. If R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is unset,
- it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
+ it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
reset.
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
The contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer, for use with "bind -x"
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT
The position of the insertion point in the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer,
for use with "bind -x" (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY Set to the line of input read by the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin command when
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY Set to the line of input read by the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin command when
no arguments are supplied.
S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS
- Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds
- since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to
- S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the
- number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
+ Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds
+ since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to
+ S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the
+ number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
If S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it
is subsequently reset.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
- the list is a valid argument for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+ the list is a valid argument for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The options
- appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
- this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
- shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
+ appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
+ this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
+ shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
startup files. This variable is read-only.
S\bSH\bHL\bLV\bVL\bL Incremented by one each time an instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started.
U\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell
startup. This variable is readonly.
- The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV
- If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
- its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
+ If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
+ its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
initialize the shell, as in _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc. The value of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV is
- subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and
- arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a file name.
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used to search for the resultant file name.
+ subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and
+ arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename.
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used to search for the resultant filename.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD
- If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will write the trace output generated when _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bx is
- enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed
- when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace
- output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting
+ If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will write the trace output generated when _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bx is
+ enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed
+ when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace
+ output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then
unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed.
- C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
- list of directories in which the shell looks for destination
- directories specified by the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
+ list of directories in which the shell looks for destination
+ directories specified by the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
".:~:/usr".
C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS
- Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the terminal
- width when printing selection lists. Automatically set in an
+ Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the terminal
+ width when printing selection lists. Automatically set in an
interactive shell upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
An array variable from which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads the possible completions
- generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
+ generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
pletion facility (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
- E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
- starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
+ E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
+ starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
- E\bEN\bNV\bV Similar to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX
+ E\bEN\bNV\bV Similar to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX
mode.
F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT The default editor for the f\bfc\bc builtin command.
F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
+ A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
filename completion (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below). A filename whose suf-
- fix matches one of the entries in F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is excluded from the
+ fix matches one of the entries in F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is excluded from the
list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~".
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT
- If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum
- function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this
+ If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum
+ function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this
nesting level will cause the current command to abort.
G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames
to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a filename matched by a
- pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in
+ pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in
G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is removed from the list of matches.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
- A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
- saved on the history list. If the list of values includes
- _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
- saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
+ A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
+ saved on the history list. If the list of values includes
+ _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
+ saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of
_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bb_\bo_\bt_\bh is shorthand for _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be and _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs. A value
of _\be_\br_\ba_\bs_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes all previous lines matching the current line
- to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
- Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
- unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
+ to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
+ Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
+ unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value
- of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
- compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
+ compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
The name of the file in which command history is saved (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
- T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by. If unset,
- the command history is not saved when an interactive shell
+ T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by. If unset,
+ the command history is not saved when an interactive shell
exits.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When
- this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
- cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain
- no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500.
+ this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
+ cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain
+ no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500.
The history file is also truncated to this size after writing it
when an interactive shell exits.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
- lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
- anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com-
- plete line (no implicit `*\b*' is appended). Each pattern is
- tested against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bN-\b-
- T\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern
+ A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
+ lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
+ anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com-
+ plete line (no implicit `*\b*' is appended). Each pattern is
+ tested against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bN-\b-
+ T\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern
matching characters, `&\b&' matches the previous history line. `&\b&'
- may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed
+ may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed
before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a
multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the
history regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
+ The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is 500.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
+ If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to print the time stamp associated
- with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
- this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history
- file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
- the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+ with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
+ this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history
+ file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
+ the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
other history lines.
H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for
the c\bcd\bd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used
when performing tilde expansion.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
- Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
+ Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
- The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
- the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is
- attempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
- the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
- no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
- read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
+ The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
+ the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is
+ attempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
+ the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
+ no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
+ read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
tions. When H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
- I\bIF\bFS\bS The _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd _\bS_\be_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br that is used for word splitting
- after expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS The _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd _\bS_\be_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br that is used for word splitting
+ after expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
builtin command. The default value is ``<space><tab><new-
line>''.
I\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bEE\bEO\bOF\bF
Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an E\bEO\bOF\bF
character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of
- consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
- characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
- exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
- default value is 10. If it does not exist, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the
+ consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
+ characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
+ exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
+ default value is 10. If it does not exist, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the
end of input to the shell.
I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC
- The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the
+ The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the
default of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below).
- L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
+ L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
specifically selected with a variable starting with L\bLC\bC_\b_.
- L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
variable specifying a locale category.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE
- This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
- the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
- of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating
+ This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
+ the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
+ of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating
sequences within pathname expansion and pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
- the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
+ This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
+ the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_M\bME\bES\bSS\bSA\bAG\bGE\bES\bS
- This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
+ This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
quoted strings preceded by a $\b$.
L\bLC\bC_\b_N\bNU\bUM\bME\bER\bRI\bIC\bC
- This variable determines the locale category used for number
+ This variable determines the locale category used for number
formatting.
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
- length for printing selection lists. Automatically set by an
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
+ length for printing selection lists. Automatically set by an
interactive shell upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
- M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the
- M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the
- arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc-
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the
+ arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc-
tory.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLC\bCH\bHE\bEC\bCK\bK
- Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The
- default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
- shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
- variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+ Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The
+ default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
+ shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
+ variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- A colon-separated list of file names to be checked for mail.
- The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file
- may be specified by separating the file name from the message
- with a `?'. When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to
- the name of the current mailfile. Example:
+ A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail. The
+ message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file may
+ be specified by separating the filename from the message with a
+ `?'. When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to the
+ name of the current mailfile. Example:
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has
mail!"'
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca-
- tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca-
+ tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent
(e.g., /var/mail/$\b$U\bUS\bSE\bER\bR).
O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR If set to the value 1, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays error messages generated by
- the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
+ the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
shell script is executed.
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
- directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
+ directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
+ E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH indicates the current directory. A null directory
- name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
- trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
- set by the administrator who installs b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. A common value is
+ name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
+ trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
+ set by the administrator who installs b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. A common value is
``/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin''.
P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bXL\bLY\bY_\b_C\bCO\bOR\bRR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bT
- If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
- shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
- the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
- while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
+ If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
+ shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
+ the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
+ while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
command _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bo _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx had been executed.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each
primary prompt.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM
- If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
+ If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding
- the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
+ the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
- P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
- and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
+ P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
``\\b\s\bs-\b-\\b\v\bv\\b\$\b$ ''.
- P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
+ P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>\b> ''.
P\bPS\bS3\b3 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above).
- P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
- value is printed before each command b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays during an
- execution trace. The first character of P\bPS\bS4\b4 is replicated mul-
- tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi-
+ P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
+ value is printed before each command b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays during an
+ execution trace. The first character of P\bPS\bS4\b4 is replicated mul-
+ tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi-
rection. The default is ``+\b+ ''.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari-
- able. If it is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to
+ able. If it is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to
it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
- ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
- t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
- duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
- other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
+ The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
+ ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
+ t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
+ duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
+ other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
as follows; the braces denote optional portions.
%\b%%\b% A literal %\b%.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]R\bR The elapsed time in seconds.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]S\bS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
%\b%P\bP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
- The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
+ The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes
no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places
- after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
- than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
+ after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
+ than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
used.
- The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
- the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
+ The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
+ the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
the fraction is included.
- If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
- $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null, no
- timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added
+ If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
+ $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null, no
+ timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added
when the format string is displayed.
- T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT is treated as the
+ T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT is treated as the
default timeout for the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin. The s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command termi-
nates if input does not arrive after T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT seconds when input is
- coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is
- interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after
- issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting for
+ coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is
+ interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after
+ issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting for
that number of seconds if input does not arrive.
- T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
+ T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh creates temporary files for the shell's use.
a\bau\but\bto\bo_\b_r\bre\bes\bsu\bum\bme\be
This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
- job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com-
+ job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com-
mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump-
tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed;
- if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed,
- the job most recently accessed is selected. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a
- stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
- it. If set to the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the string supplied must match
- the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the
- string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
- stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value provides functionality analo-
- gous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set
- to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a
+ if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed,
+ the job most recently accessed is selected. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a
+ stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
+ it. If set to the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the string supplied must match
+ the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the
+ string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
+ stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value provides functionality analo-
+ gous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set
+ to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a
stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the
%\b%_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg job identifier.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs
- The two or three characters which control history expansion and
+ The two or three characters which control history expansion and
tokenization (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). The first character
- is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
- the start of a history expansion, normally `!\b!'. The second
- character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
- shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
- tuting one string for another in the command. The default is
- `^\b^'. The optional third character is the character which indi-
- cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
- the first character of a word, normally `#\b#'. The history com-
+ is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
+ the start of a history expansion, normally `!\b!'. The second
+ character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
+ shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
+ tuting one string for another in the command. The default is
+ `^\b^'. The optional third character is the character which indi-
+ cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
+ the first character of a word, normally `#\b#'. The history com-
ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
- remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the
+ remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the
shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
- Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
- explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
- an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
- tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
- arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
+ Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
+ explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
+ an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
+ tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
+ arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are
referenced using arbitrary strings.
- An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
+ An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
to using the syntax _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is treated as
an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. To explicitly
- declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is ignored.
Associative arrays are created using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-A\bA _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
- Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1 ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Indexed array assignments do not require the bracket
- and subscript. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional
- brackets and subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; other-
- wise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by
- the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
+ Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1 ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and
+ subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index
+ of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement
+ plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
- This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
- elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax
+ This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
+ elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax
introduced above.
- Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}.
+ Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}.
The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If
- _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. These
- subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
+ _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. These
+ subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
the word is double-quoted, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[*]} expands to a single word with the
- value of each array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ value of each array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS
special variable, and ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands each element of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to a sep-
- arate word. When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to
- nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the
- expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of
- the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
- with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the
- expansion of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- above). ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, the expansion is the number of ele-
- ments in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript
- is equivalent to referencing the array with a subscript of 0. If the
+ arate word. When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to
+ nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the
+ expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of
+ the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
+ with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the
+ expansion of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
+ above). ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, the expansion is the number of ele-
+ ments in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript
+ is equivalent to referencing the array with a subscript of 0. If the
_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt used to reference an element of an indexed array evaluates to
- a number less than zero, it is used as an offset from one greater than
- the array's maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to the last ele-
+ a number less than zero, it is used as an offset from one greater than
+ the array's maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to the last ele-
ment of the array).
- An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
+ An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
value. The null string is a valid value.
- The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin is used to destroy arrays. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]
- destroys the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. Care must be taken to
- avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
- where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, or u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt], where _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b*
+ The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin is used to destroy arrays. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]
+ destroys the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. Care must be taken to
+ avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, or u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt], where _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b*
or @\b@, removes the entire array.
- The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
- specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative
- array. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
+ The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
+ specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative
+ array. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
standard input to an array. The s\bse\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtins display array
values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments.
E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
- words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
- _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
+ words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
+ _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\ba_\br_\bi_\bt_\bh_\bm_\be_\bt_\bi_\bc _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg, and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn.
- The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame-
- ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done
+ The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame-
+ ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done
in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname expansion.
On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail-
able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn.
Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change
- the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single
- word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions
+ the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single
+ word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions
of "$\b$@\b@" and "$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[@\b@]\b]}\b}" as explained above (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS).
B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
_\bB_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener-
- ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
+ ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the
form of an optional _\bp_\br_\be_\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be, followed by either a series of comma-sep-
- arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
- lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
+ arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
+ lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended
to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
- Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
- are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
+ Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
+ are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
a{\b{d,c,b}\b}e expands into `ade ace abe'.
- A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
- either integers or single characters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment,
- is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to
- each number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre-
- fixed with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx
- or _\by begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated
- terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces-
- sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each
+ A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
+ either integers or single characters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment,
+ is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to
+ each number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre-
+ fixed with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx
+ or _\by begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated
+ terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces-
+ sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each
character lexicographically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Note that both
- _\bx and _\by must be of the same type. When the increment is supplied, it
- is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is
+ _\bx and _\by must be of the same type. When the increment is supplied, it
+ is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is
1 or -1 as appropriate.
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char-
- acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
- strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
+ acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
+ strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
the context of the expansion or the text between the braces.
- A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
- closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence
- expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
+ A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
+ closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence
+ expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
A {\b{ or ,\b, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered
- part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
+ part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
sion, the string $\b${\b{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of
or
chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
- Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
- versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
- when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
- For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
- the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+ Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
+ versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
+ when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
+ For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
+ the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+\b+B\bB option or disable brace expansion with the +\b+B\bB option to the s\bse\bet\bt com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
- characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
- there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
- the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
- tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
- value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
- tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
- wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
+ If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
+ characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
+ there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
+ the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
+ tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+ value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
+ tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
+ wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
with the specified login name.
- If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD
+ If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD
replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of
- the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
- acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
- optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
+ the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
+ acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
+ optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be
displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu-
- ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
+ ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed.
If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is
Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi-
ately following a :\b: or the first =\b=. In these cases, tilde expansion is
- also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in
- assignments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the
+ also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in
+ assignments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the
expanded value.
P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
The `$\b$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution,
- or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
- may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
- variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
+ or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
+ may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
+ variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
could be interpreted as part of the name.
- When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
- escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
+ When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
+ escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter
expansion.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
- when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
+ The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
+ when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
digit, or when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is followed by a character which is not
to be interpreted as part of its name.
- If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), a
- level of variable indirection is introduced. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of
+ If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), a
+ level of variable indirection is introduced. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of
the variable formed from the rest of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as the name of the vari-
able; this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest
- of the substitution, rather than the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br itself. This
- is known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The exceptions to this are the expan-
- sions of ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The exclamation
- point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce
+ of the substitution, rather than the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br itself. This
+ is known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The exceptions to this are the expan-
+ sions of ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The exclamation
+ point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce
indirection.
In each of the cases below, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is subject to tilde expansion, parame-
ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
- When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented
- below, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the
+ When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented
+ below, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the
colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:-\b-_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:=\b=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the
+ A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the
expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is assigned to _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
- _\be_\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special
parameters may not be assigned to in this way.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:?\b?_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
- the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
- not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
+ D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
+ the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
+ not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:+\b+_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
+ U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
substituted, otherwise the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt:\b:_\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh}
- S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If
- _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br start-
+ S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If
+ _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br start-
ing at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt are
- arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). If
- _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used
- as an offset from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh
+ arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). If
+ _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used
+ as an offset from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh
evaluates to a number less than zero, and _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is not @\b@ and
- not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an
+ not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an
offset from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a num-
- ber of characters, and the expansion is the characters between
- the two offsets. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh posi-
- tional parameters beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an
- indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the
+ ber of characters, and the expansion is the characters between
+ the two offsets. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh posi-
+ tional parameters beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an
+ indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the
_\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}.
A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one greater than the max-
- imum index of the specified array. Substring expansion applied
+ imum index of the specified array. Substring expansion applied
to an associative array produces undefined results. Note that a
negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one
- space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion. Substring
- indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are
- used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If
- _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $\b$0\b0 is pre-
+ space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion. Substring
+ indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are
+ used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If
+ _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $\b$0\b0 is pre-
fixed to the list.
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*}
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx@\b@}
- N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
+ N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
names begin with _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx, separated by the first character of the
- I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
- within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
+ within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
word.
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]}
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]}
- L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
- the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
- When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
+ L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
+ the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
+ When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
each key expands to a separate word.
${#\b#_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. The length in characters of the value of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
- substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. The length in characters of the value of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
+ substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
tuted is the number of elements in the array.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b##\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches
- the beginning of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the
- expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
- matching pattern (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pat-
- tern (the ``#\b##\b#'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
- pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
+ the beginning of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the
+ expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
+ matching pattern (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pat-
+ tern (the ``#\b##\b#'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
+ pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
- _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
- removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
+ removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg s\bsu\buf\bff\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches
- a trailing portion of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the
- result of the expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with
- the shortest matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest
- matching pattern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@
- or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi-
- tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
- list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
- *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of
+ a trailing portion of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the
+ result of the expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with
+ the shortest matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest
+ matching pattern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@
+ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi-
+ tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
+ *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of
the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to produce a pat-
- tern just as in pathname expansion. _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
- the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with /\b/, all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are
- replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Normally only the first match is
+ tern just as in pathname expansion. _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
+ the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with /\b/, all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are
+ replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Normally only the first match is
replaced. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with #\b#, it must match at the begin-
ning of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with
- %\b%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
+ %\b%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
If _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted and the /\b/ fol-
lowing _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn may be omitted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the sub-
- stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in
- turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
- an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution
- operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and
+ stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in
+ turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
+ an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution
+ operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and
the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
- C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
- betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
- duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^\b^ operator
- converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to uppercase; the ,\b,
- operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The
- ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
- expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
- the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
- ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
- to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
- resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
- with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
- member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
+ betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
+ duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^\b^ operator
+ converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to uppercase; the ,\b,
+ operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The
+ ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
+ expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
+ the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
+ ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
+ to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
+ resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
+ with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
+ member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
list.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
`\b`_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd`\b`
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh performs the expansion by executing _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd and replacing the com-
- mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any
+ mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any
trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they
- may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt
+ may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $\b$(\b(<\b< _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b).
- When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
- retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
+ When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
+ retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub-
- stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
+ stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted
form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
- If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
+ If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
- and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
+ Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
+ and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
sion is:
$\b$(\b((\b(_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn)\b))\b)
- The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a
- double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All
+ The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a
+ double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All
tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, string expansion,
- command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be
+ command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be
nested.
- The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
+ The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is invalid, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints a message
indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
P\bPr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bs S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
- _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is supported on systems that support named pipes
- (_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd method of naming open files. It takes the form
- of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run with its input or out-
+ _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is supported on systems that support named pipes
+ (_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd method of naming open files. It takes the form
+ of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run with its input or out-
put connected to a _\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO or some file in /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd. The name of this file
- is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
- expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, writing to the file will pro-
- vide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, the file passed as
+ is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
+ expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, writing to the file will pro-
+ vide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, the file passed as
an argument should be read to obtain the output of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
- When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
- parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+ When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
+ parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
expansion.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg
- The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
- tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
+ The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg.
- The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
+ The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
results of the other expansions into words on these characters. If I\bIF\bFS\bS
- is unset, or its value is exactly <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the default,
- then sequences of <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>, <\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b>, and <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> at the beginning and
- end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any
- sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the beginning or end serves to
- delimit words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other than the default, then
+ is unset, or its value is exactly <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the default,
+ then sequences of <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>, <\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b>, and <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> at the beginning and
+ end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any
+ sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the beginning or end serves to
+ delimit words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other than the default, then
sequences of the whitespace characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be and t\bta\bab\bb are ignored at the
- beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is
- in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace character). Any character in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace, along with any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace
- characters, delimits a field. A sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters
- is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word
+ beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is
+ in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace character). Any character in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace, along with any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace
+ characters, delimits a field. A sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters
+ is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word
splitting occurs.
- Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained. Unquoted implicit
+ Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained. Unquoted implicit
null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no
- values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within
+ values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within
double quotes, a null argument results and is retained.
Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed.
P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
- each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
- appears, then the word is regarded as a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and replaced with an
- alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern (see P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below). If no matching file names are found, and the
- shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If
- the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is
- removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is set, and no matches are
+ After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
+ each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
+ appears, then the word is regarded as a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and replaced with an
+ alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below). If no matching filenames are found, and the
+ shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If
+ the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is
+ removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is set, and no matches are
found, an error message is printed and the command is not executed. If
- the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the match is performed without
- regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used
- for pathname expansion, the character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the start of a name or
- immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the
+ the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the match is performed without
+ regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used
+ for pathname expansion, the character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the start of a name or
+ immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the
shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. When matching a pathname, the slash char-
- acter must always be matched explicitly. In other cases, the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
+ acter must always be matched explicitly. In other cases, the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
character is not treated specially. See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below
under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\bl-\b-
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb, f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell options.
- The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
- names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
- name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
- from the list of matches. The file names `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' are always
- ignored when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bG-\b-
- N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
- option, so all other file names beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' will match. To
- get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b',
- make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is
- disabled when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is unset.
+ The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file-
+ names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching filename
+ that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed from the
+ list of matches. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' are always ignored
+ when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a
+ non-null value has the effect of enabling the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option, so
+ all other filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' will match. To get the old
+ behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b', make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one
+ of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is disabled when
+ G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is unset.
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
- characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
- occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
- escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
+ characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
+ occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
+ escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally.
The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
- *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a
- pathname expansion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a
- single pattern will match all files and zero or more
- directories and subdirectories. If followed by a /\b/, two
- adjacent *\b*s will match only directories and subdirecto-
+ *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a
+ pathname expansion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a
+ single pattern will match all files and zero or more
+ directories and subdirectories. If followed by a /\b/, two
+ adjacent *\b*s will match only directories and subdirecto-
ries.
?\b? Matches any single character.
- [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of
- characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\b-
- _\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any character that sorts between those two charac-
- ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating
- sequence and character set, is matched. If the first
+ [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of
+ characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\b-
+ _\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any character that sorts between those two charac-
+ ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating
+ sequence and character set, is matched. If the first
character following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^ then any charac-
- ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char-
- acters in range expressions is determined by the current
- locale and the values of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE or L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell
+ ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char-
+ acters in range expressions is determined by the current
+ locale and the values of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE or L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell
variables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpreta-
- tion of range expressions, where [\b[a\ba-\b-d\bd]\b] is equivalent to
- [\b[a\bab\bbc\bcd\bd]\b], set value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variable to C\bC, or
- enable the g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs shell option. A -\b- may be
+ tion of range expressions, where [\b[a\ba-\b-d\bd]\b] is equivalent to
+ [\b[a\bab\bbc\bcd\bd]\b], set value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variable to C\bC, or
+ enable the g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs shell option. A -\b- may be
matched by including it as the first or last character in
the set. A ]\b] may be matched by including it as the first
character in the set.
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using
the syntax [\b[:\b:_\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs:\b:]\b], where _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs is one of the following
classes defined in the POSIX standard:
- a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt
+ a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt
p\bpu\bun\bnc\bct\bt s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be u\bup\bpp\bpe\ber\br w\bwo\bor\brd\bd x\bxd\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt
A character class matches any character belonging to that
class. The w\bwo\bor\brd\bd character class matches letters, digits,
and the character _.
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified
using the syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with
- the same collation weight (as defined by the current
+ the same collation weight (as defined by the current
locale) as the character _\bc.
Within [\b[ and ]\b], the syntax [\b[.\b._\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.\b.]\b] matches the collat-
ing symbol _\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.
If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, several
- extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following
+ extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following
description, a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a list of one or more patterns separated
by a |\b|. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol-
lowing sub-patterns:
Q\bQu\buo\bot\bte\be R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bva\bal\bl
After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac-
- ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
+ ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
are removed.
R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
- using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may
- also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution
+ Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
+ using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may
+ also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution
environment. The following redirection operators may precede or appear
anywhere within a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or may follow a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. Redirections
are processed in the order they appear, from left to right.
- Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
+ Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
instead be preceded by a word of the form {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}. In this case, for
each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a
- file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If >&- or
- <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines the file
- descriptor to close.
-
- In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
- ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
- direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
- first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
+ file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines
+ the file descriptor to close.
+
+ In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
+ ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
+ direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
+ first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
- The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
- tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
- expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expan-
- sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it
- expands to more than one word, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
+ The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
+ tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
+ expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
+ arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word
+ splitting. If it expands to more than one word, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
command
_\bh_\be_\br_\be_\b-_\bd_\bo_\bc_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt
_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br
- No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or
- pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any characters in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd are
- quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and the
- lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is unquoted, all
- lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the
- character sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be used to quote
- the characters \\b\, $\b$, and `\b`.
+ No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+ expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any charac-
+ ters in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd are quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal
+ on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+ is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter
+ expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the lat-
+ ter case, the character sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be
+ used to quote the characters \\b\, $\b$, and `\b`.
If the redirection operator is <\b<<\b<-\b-, then all leading tab characters are
stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This
<\b<<\b<<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded as described above, with the exception that path-
- name expansion is not applied, and supplied as a single string to the
- command on its standard input.
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd undergoes brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and
+ quote removal. Pathname expansion word splitting are not performed.
+ The result is supplied as a single string to the command on its stan-
+ dard input.
D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs
The redirection operator
just those that precede the command name.
When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
- full file name of the command and passed to that command in its envi-
- ronment.
+ full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ-
+ ment.
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT S\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-g\bg)\b)
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern
- is used to generate a list of matching file names for possible
+ is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible
completions.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx *\b*)\b)
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
- expansion, and the list of matching file names is inserted,
+ expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted,
replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an
asterisk is appended before pathname expansion.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx g\bg)\b)
After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
- h\bh Remove a trailing file name component, leaving only the head.
- t\bt Remove all leading file name components, leaving the tail.
+ h\bh Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head.
+ t\bt Remove all leading filename components, leaving the tail.
r\br Remove a trailing suffix of the form _\b._\bx_\bx_\bx, leaving the basename.
e\be Remove all but the trailing suffix.
p\bp Print the new command but do not execute it.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell
environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
- cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash, file
- names in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b-
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The file searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable.
+ cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
+ filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The file searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable.
When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
lowed. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current
working directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc-
cessful directory change, c\bcd\bd will return an unsuccessful status.
- An argument of -\b- is equivalent to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD. If a non-empty
- directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first argu-
- ment, and the directory change is successful, the absolute path-
- name of the new working directory is written to the standard
- output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
- fully changed; false otherwise.
+ An argument of -\b- is converted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before the directory
+ change is attempted. If a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ is used, or if -\b- is the first argument, and the directory change
+ is successful, the absolute pathname of the new working direc-
+ tory is written to the standard output. The return value is
+ true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
- lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
- executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
- find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
option is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
- option causes a single word indicating the command or file name
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
- more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
- the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
- Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
- to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
- various shell variables set by the programmable completion
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion
facilities, while available, will not have useful values.
- The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
- grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
+ The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
+ grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
completion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is speci-
fied, only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
[-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
- -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
- completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
- ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
pletion specifications. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the
- remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
- command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
- for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
- option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
- apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
+ remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
+ command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
+ for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
+ option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+ apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
attempted on a blank line.
- The process of applying these completion specifications when
- word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
- -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (like adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
- default) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
+ default) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
- generated, directory name completion is
- attempted and any matches are added to the
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ generated, directory name completion is
+ attempted and any matches are added to the
results of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
output is used as the possible completions.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
- pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
+ pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. The possible completions are the members
- of the resultant list which match the word being com-
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. The possible completions are the members
+ of the resultant list which match the word being com-
pleted.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
- case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
-
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
- an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
+
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
- are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
- options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
- described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
+ are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
+ options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
+ described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
- has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
- remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
+ remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
- enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
+ enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
than or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is
- supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
- and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
- the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
- -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
- variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
+ supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
+ and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
+ the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
+ -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
+ variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits the display of function defi-
- nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
- the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
+ nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
+ the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
file name and line number where the function is defined are dis-
played as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies -\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces
- variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
- when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
- all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
- output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
+ variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
+ when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
+ all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
+ output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
- -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
- inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
- shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
+ -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
+ inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
+ shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
the exceptions that +\b+a\ba may not be used to destroy an array vari-
- able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
- in a function, makes each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command,
- unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied, If a variable name is followed
- by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The
- return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an
- attempt is made to define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an
- attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an
- attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without
- using the compound assignment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of
- the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made
- to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt
- is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an
- attempt is made to display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
-
- d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b]
+ able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
+ in a function, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt make each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with
+ the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a vari-
+ able name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable is
+ set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using ``-f
+ foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly
+ variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an array vari-
+ able without using the compound assignment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, an
+ attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly vari-
+ able, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array
+ variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent func-
+ tion with -\b-f\bf.
+
+ d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b] [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b]
Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
directories. The default display is on a single line with
directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
entries from the list.
+ -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
+ entries.
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
+ listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
+ -\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
-\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
- -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
- entries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
- uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
- -\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
- fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
- active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br
- is supplied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If
- the -\b-h\bh option is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the ta-
- ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
- shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
- the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
- If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means to remove or mark
- all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
- operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
+ Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
+ jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br is sup-
+ plied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh
+ option is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but
+ is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell
+ receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither the -\b-a\ba
+ nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If no
+ _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means to remove or mark all
+ jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts opera-
+ tion to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
+ does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
- The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option
- is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
- characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
- tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
- interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
- to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these
- escape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to
- mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape
+ is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
+ characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
+ tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
+ interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
+ to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these
+ escape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to
+ mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape
sequences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
- The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
+ The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
- ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
- is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
- plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
- tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
- output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
- value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
- ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
+ ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
_\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
file cannot be executed. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redi-
rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status
- is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
+ is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
- exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
- export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
- name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
- option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
- variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a func-
- tion.
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
+ variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
+ to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns
+ an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one
+ of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
+ plied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
- to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
- be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
- with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
- list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur-
- rent command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified it is set to the
- current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
- last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not spec-
- ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
- listing.
+ The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
+ from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+ them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
+ the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
+ an offset from the current command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not
+ specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that
+ ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt other-
+ wise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified it is set to the previous com-
+ mand for editing and -16 for listing.
The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
-\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
- ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
- beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com-
- mand.
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is intepreted the same as
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
+ so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
+ ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command.
If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
file into the current history list. These are lines
appended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
- -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and use them as the
- current history.
- -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
- ing the history file's contents.
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ the current history list.
+ -\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
+ writing the history file's contents.
-\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
display the result on the standard output. Does not
store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
status since the user was last notified of their status.
-\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
- -\b-r\br Restrict output to running jobs.
- -\b-s\bs Restrict output to stopped jobs.
+ -\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
+ -\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
- new current working directory.
+ new current working directory as if it had been supplied
+ as the argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin.
If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
- fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
- occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
- descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
- second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
- ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
+ second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
+ ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
- are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
- split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
- used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
- and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
+ split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
+ used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
+ and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
ignored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
input line, rather than newline.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
not previously active) editing settings.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
- waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
are read.
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
- following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
- tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
- other special file; it has no effect when reading from
- regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
- input is available on the specified file descriptor,
- failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
- if the timeout is exceeded.
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
+ following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
+ tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
+ other special file; it has no effect when reading from
+ regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns immedi-
+ ately, without trying to read any data. The exit statis
+ is 0 if input is available on the specified file descrip-
+ tor, non-zero otherwise. The exit status is greater than
+ 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
- If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
- executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
- during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
- causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
- _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
- script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
- function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
- status is false. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is
- executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is used outside a function, but during execution of a
+ script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop
+ executing that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of
+ the last command executed within the script as the exit status
+ of the script. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is used
+ outside a function and not during execution of a script by .\b. or
+ s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed
+ before execution resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
-\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl command enclosed in
- parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of
- a command list enclosed by braces (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
- exit if the command that fails is part of the command
- list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test following the i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved
- words, part of any command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list
- except the command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any
- command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
- return value is being inverted with !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero sta-
+ tus. The shell does not exit if the command that fails
+ is part of the command list immediately following a
+ w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the
+ i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed
+ in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the
+ final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last,
+ or if the command's return value is being inverted with
+ !\b!. If a compound command other than a subshell returns
+ a non-zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was
+ being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
- unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
ior. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list of all set-
table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
- each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
- form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
+ each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
+ form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
- play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec-
- tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
- (unset) by default.
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
- and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
U\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
- with respect to quoted arguments to the [\b[[\b[ conditional
+ with respect to quoted arguments to the [\b[[\b[ conditional
command's =\b=~\b~ operator.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators.
- Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators.
+ Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's
collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
- (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
+ (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
command list.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in posix mode, treats a single quote
- in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
- character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
- ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
- considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
- through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in posix mode, treats a single quote
+ in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
+ character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
+ ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
+ considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
+ through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
as in previous versions.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that
+ expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
This changes the contents of the readline editing
- buffer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ buffer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching (see
- P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave as if in the traditional
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching (see
+ P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave as if in the traditional
C locale when performing comparisons. That is, the cur-
- rent locale's collating sequence is not taken into
- account, so b\bb will not collate between A\bA and B\bB, and
- upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate
+ rent locale's collating sequence is not taken into
+ account, so b\bb will not collate between A\bA and B\bB, and
+ upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate
together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
- described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
- accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
- -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
-
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
+ ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and op-
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+ an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
+
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
- depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a sim-
ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following
- conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
- is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
- u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
- command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
- value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
+ conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
+ is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
+ u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
+ command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
+ value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
- reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
+ reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
- file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
- all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
+ ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
+ used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
+ named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
+ the -\b-p\bp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
+ not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
+ function lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true
+ if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
- (the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
- an error occurs while setting a new limit.
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte
+ blocks; and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The
+ return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is sup-
+ plied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
tion, and the function definition is removed. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
- unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bN-\b-
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
+ unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bN-\b-
D\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
only.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
+\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE
_\bs_\bh(1), _\bk_\bs_\bh(1), _\bc_\bs_\bh(1)
_\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs(1), _\bv_\bi(1)
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash 4.2 2011 July 7 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash 4.2 2011 September 25 BASH(1)
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2011 July 7<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2011 September 25<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<B>bash</B>
reports an error.
-Tildes are expanded in file names as described below under
+Tildes are expanded in filenames as described below under
<B>Tilde Expansion</B>
in the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
</FONT>
-variable is not used to search for the file name.
+variable is not used to search for the filename.
<P>
If
</FONT>
below).
-If <B>|&</B> is used, the standard error of <I>command</I> is connected to
-<I>command2</I>'s standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for
-<B>2>&1 |</B>.
-This implicit redirection of the standard error is performed after any
-redirections specified by the command.
+If <B>|&</B> is used, <I>command</I>'s standard output and standard error
+are connected to
+<I>command2</I>'s standard input through the pipe;
+it is shorthand for <B>2>&1 |</B>.
+This implicit redirection of the standard error is
+performed after any redirections specified by the command.
<P>
The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last
</FONT>
Word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the words
-between the <B>[[</B> and <B>]]</B>; tilde expansion, parameter and
-variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
+between the <B>[[</B> and <B>]]</B>; tilde expansion,
+parameter and variable expansion,
+arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
substitution, and quote removal are performed.
Conditional operators such as <B>-f</B> must be unquoted to be recognized
as primaries.
<I>NAME</I> must not be supplied if <I>command</I> is a <I>simple
command</I> (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word
of the simple command.
-When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable (see
+When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable (see
<B>Arrays</B>
below) named <I>NAME</I> in the context of the executing shell.
may be any command listed under <B>Compound Commands</B> above.
<I>compound-command</I> is executed whenever <I>name</I> is specified as the
name of a simple command.
+When in <I>posix mode</I>, <I>name</I> may not be the name of one of the
+POSIX <I>special builtins</I>.
Any redirections (see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>REDIRECTION</B>
<B>local</B>
builtin commands.
+When in <I>posix mode</I>, these builtins may appear in a command after
+one or more instances of the <B>command</B> builtin and retain these
+assignment statement properties.
<P>
In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
is set to the first argument after the string to be
executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set
-to the file name used to invoke
+to the filename used to invoke
<B>bash</B>,
as given by argument zero.
<DT><B>BASH</B>
<DD>
-Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of
+Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of
<B>bash</B>.
<DT><B>BASHOPTS</B>
</FONT>
is subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
-expansion before being interpreted as a file name.
+expansion before being interpreted as a filename.
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
</FONT>
-is not used to search for the resultant file name.
+is not used to search for the resultant filename.
<DT><B>BASH_XTRACEFD</B>
<DD>
<DT><B>MAILPATH</B>
<DD>
-A colon-separated list of file names to be checked for mail.
+A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail.
The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file
-may be specified by separating the file name from the message with a `?'.
+may be specified by separating the filename from the message with a `?'.
When used in the text of the message, <B>$_</B> expands to the name of
the current mailfile.
Example:
Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
<I>name</I>=<B>(</B>value<I>1</I> ... value<I>n</I><B>)</B>, where each
<I>value</I> is of the form [<I>subscript</I>]=<I>string</I>.
-Indexed array assignments do not require the bracket and subscript.
+Indexed array assignments do not require anything but <I>string</I>.
When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and subscript
are supplied, that index is assigned to;
otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned
<B>=</B>.
In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed.
-Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in assignments to
+Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in assignments to
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>,
</FONT>
<I>pattern</I>,
and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of
-file names matching the pattern
+filenames matching the pattern
(see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>Pattern Matching</B>
</FONT>
below).
-If no matching file names are found,
+If no matching filenames are found,
and the shell option
<B>nullglob</B>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
</FONT>
-shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file names matching a
+shell variable may be used to restrict the set of filenames matching a
<I>pattern</I>.
If
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
</FONT>
-is set, each matching file name that also matches one of the patterns in
+is set, each matching filename that also matches one of the patterns in
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
</FONT>
is removed from the list of matches.
-The file names
+The filenames
<B>``.''</B>
and
to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the
<B>dotglob</B>
-shell option, so all other file names beginning with a
+shell option, so all other filenames beginning with a
<B>``.''</B>
will match.
-To get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a
+To get the old behavior of ignoring filenames beginning with a
<B>``.''</B>,
make
may instead be preceded by a word of the form {<I>varname</I>}.
In this case, for each redirection operator except
>&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a file descriptor greater
-than 10 and assign it to <I>varname</I>. If >&- or <&- is preceded
+than or equal to 10 and assign it to <I>varname</I>.
+If >&- or <&- is preceded
by {<I>varname</I>}, the value of <I>varname</I> defines the file
descriptor to close.
<P>
<P>
The word following the redirection operator in the following
-descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion,
-tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
-expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting.
+descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to
+brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, arithmetic expansion, quote removal,
+pathname expansion, and word splitting.
If it expands to more than one word,
<B>bash</B>
<P>
-No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
-or pathname expansion is performed on
+No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
+arithmetic expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on
<I>word</I>.
If any characters in
<P>
-The <I>word</I>
-is expanded as described above, with the exception that
-pathname expansion is not applied, and supplied as a single string
-to the command on its standard input.
+The <I>word</I> undergoes
+brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal.
+Pathname expansion word splitting are not performed.
+The result is supplied as a single string to the command on its
+standard input.
<A NAME="lbBQ"> </A>
<H4>Duplicating File Descriptors</H4>
invokes an external command, the variable
<B>_</B>
-is set to the full file name of the command and passed to that
+is set to the full filename of the command and passed to that
command in its environment.
<A NAME="lbCB"> </A>
<H3>EXIT STATUS</H3>
<DD>
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is used to
-generate a list of matching file names for possible completions.
+generate a list of matching filenames for possible completions.
<DT><B>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</B>
<DD>
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
-and the list of matching file names is inserted, replacing the word.
+and the list of matching filenames is inserted, replacing the word.
If a numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
pathname expansion.
<DT><B>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</B>
<DT><B>h</B>
<DD>
-Remove a trailing file name component, leaving only the head.
+Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head.
<DT><B>t</B>
<DD>
-Remove all leading file name components, leaving the tail.
+Remove all leading filename components, leaving the tail.
<DT><B>r</B>
<DD>
If
<I>filename</I>
-does not contain a slash, file names in
+does not contain a slash, filenames in
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>
</FONT>
An argument of
<B>-</B>
-is equivalent to
-<FONT SIZE=-1><B>$OLDPWD</B>.
+is converted to
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>$OLDPWD</B>
</FONT>
+before the directory change is attempted.
If a non-empty directory name from
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>
is printed. The
<B>-v</B>
-option causes a single word indicating the command or file name
+option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
used to invoke
<I>command</I>
with the exceptions that <B>+a</B>
may not be used to destroy an array variable and <B>+r</B> will not
remove the readonly attribute.
-When used in a function, makes each
+When used in a function,
+<B>declare</B>
+
+and
+<B>typeset</B>
+
+make each
<I>name</I> local, as with the
<B>local</B>
command,
-unless the <B>-g</B> option is supplied,
+unless the <B>-g</B> option is supplied.
If a variable name is followed by =<I>value</I>, the value of
the variable is set to <I>value</I>.
The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
or an attempt is made to display a non-existent function with <B>-f</B>.
</DL>
-<DT><B>dirs [+</B><I>n</I>] [-<I>n</I>] [<B>-clpv</B>]
+<DT><B>dirs [-clpv</B>] [+<I>n</I>] [-<I>n</I>]
<DD>
Without options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.
<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
<DL COMPACT>
-<DT><B>+</B><I>n</I><DD>
-Displays the <I>n</I>th entry counting from the left of the list
-shown by
-<B>dirs</B>
-
-when invoked without options, starting with zero.
-<DT><B>-</B><I>n</I><DD>
-Displays the <I>n</I>th entry counting from the right of the list
-shown by
-<B>dirs</B>
-
-when invoked without options, starting with zero.
<DT><B>-c</B>
<DD>
<DT><B>-l</B>
<DD>
-Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a
-tilde to denote the home directory.
+Produces a listing using full pathnames;
+the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
<DT><B>-p</B>
<DD>
<DD>
Print the directory stack with one entry per line,
prefixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+<DT><B>+</B><I>n</I><DD>
+Displays the <I>n</I>th entry counting from the left of the list
+shown by
+<B>dirs</B>
+
+when invoked without options, starting with zero.
+<DT><B>-</B><I>n</I><DD>
+Displays the <I>n</I>th entry counting from the right of the list
+shown by
+<B>dirs</B>
+
+when invoked without options, starting with zero.
</DL>
<P>
</DL>
<DT><B>disown</B> [<B>-ar</B>] [<B>-h</B>] [<I>jobspec</I> ...]<DD>
-Without options, each
+Without options, remove each
<I>jobspec</I>
-is removed from the table of active jobs.
+from the table of active jobs.
If
<I>jobspec</I>
is supplied, the shell passes
<I>name</I>
-as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If
+as the zeroth argument to the executed command.
+If
<I>command</I>
cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
-unless the shell option
+unless the
<B>execfail</B>
-is enabled, in which case it returns failure.
+shell option
+is enabled. In that case, it returns failure.
An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed.
If
<I>command</I>
<B>-p</B>
option is supplied, a list
-of all names that are exported in this shell is printed.
+of names of all exported variables is printed.
The
<B>-n</B>
<DT><B>fc</B> <B>-s</B> [<I>pat</I>=<I>rep</I>] [<I>cmd</I>]<DD>
-Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from
+The first form selects a range of commands from
<I>first</I>
to
<I>last</I>
-is selected from the history list.
+from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes them.
<I>First</I>
and
<P>
In the second form, <I>command</I> is re-executed after each instance
of <I>pat</I> is replaced by <I>rep</I>.
+<I>Command</I> is intepreted the same as <I>first</I> above.
A useful alias to use with this is
<TT>r='fc -s'</TT>,
is a colon,
<I>silent</I>
-error reporting is used. In normal operation diagnostic messages
+error reporting is used. In normal operation, diagnostic messages
are printed when invalid options or missing option arguments are
encountered.
If the variable
option is supplied, no path search is performed, and
<I>filename</I>
-is used as the full file name of the command.
+is used as the full filename of the command.
The
<B>-r</B>
<DD>
Read the contents of the history file
-and use them as the current history.
+and append them to the current history list.
<DT><B>-w</B>
<DD>
-Write the current history to the history file, overwriting the
+Write the current history list to the history file, overwriting the
history file's contents.
<DT><B>-p</B>
<DT><B>-r</B>
<DD>
-Restrict output to running jobs.
+Display only running jobs.
<DT><B>-s</B>
<DD>
-Restrict output to stopped jobs.
+Display only stopped jobs.
</DL>
<P>
<I>dir</I>
to the directory stack at the top, making it the
-new current working directory.
+new current working directory as if it had been supplied as the argument
+to the <B>cd</B> builtin.
</DL>
<P>
This option is only effective if <B>read</B> is reading input from a
terminal, pipe, or other special file; it has no effect when reading
from regular files.
-If <I>timeout</I> is 0, <B>read</B> returns success if input is available on
-the specified file descriptor, failure otherwise.
+If <I>timeout</I> is 0, <B>read</B> returns immediately, without trying to
+read any data. The exit statis is 0 if input is available on
+the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.
The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
<DT><B>-u </B><I>fd</I>
that is not a function.
<DT><B>return</B> [<I>n</I>]<DD>
-Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by
-<I>n</I>.
+Causes a function to stop executing and return the value specified by
+<I>n</I>
+to its caller.
If
<I>n</I>
is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
-executed in the function body. If used outside a function,
+executed in the function body. If
+<B>return</B>
+
+is used outside a function,
but during execution of a script by the
<B>.</B>
<I>n</I>
or the exit status of the last command executed within the
-script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
-function and not during execution of a script by <B>.</B>,
-the return status is false.
+script as the exit status of the script.
+The return status is non-zero if
+<B>return</B>
+
+is used outside a
+function and not during execution of a script by <B>.</B> or <B>source</B>.
Any command associated with the <B>RETURN</B> trap is executed
before execution resumes after the function or script.
<DT><B>set</B> [<B>--abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>option-name</I>] [<I>arg</I> ...]<DD>
<DT><B>-e</B>
<DD>
-Exit immediately if a <I>pipeline</I> (which may consist of a single
-<I>simple command</I>), a <I>subshell</I> command enclosed in parentheses,
-or one of the commands executed as part of a command list enclosed
-by braces (see
+Exit immediately if a
+<I>pipeline</I> (which may consist of a single <I>simple command</I>),
+a <I>list</I>,
+or a <I>compound command</I>
+(see
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>SHELL GRAMMAR</B>
</FONT>
-above) exits with a non-zero status.
+above), exits with a non-zero status.
The shell does not exit if the
command that fails is part of the command list immediately following a
<B>while</B>
being inverted with
<B>!</B>.
+If a compound command other than a subshell
+returns a non-zero status because a command failed
+while <B>-e</B> was being ignored, the shell does not exit.
A trap on <B>ERR</B>, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment
separately (see
or
<B>-u</B>
-is used with no <I>optname</I> arguments, the display is limited to
-those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+is used with no <I>optname</I> arguments,
+<B>shopt</B>
+
+shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
Unless otherwise noted, the <B>shopt</B> options are disabled (unset)
by default.
<P>
command will be corrected.
The errors checked for are transposed characters,
a missing character, and one character too many.
-If a correction is found, the corrected file name is printed,
+If a correction is found, the corrected filename is printed,
and the command proceeds.
This option is only used by interactive shells.
<DT><B>checkhash</B>
(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1.
The default bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
+<DT><B>complete_fullquote</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+quotes all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names when
+performing completion.
+If not set,
+<B>bash</B>
+
+removes metacharacters such as the dollar sign from the set of
+characters that will be quoted in completed filenames
+when these metacharacters appear in shell variable references in words to be
+completed.
+This means that dollar signs in variable names that expand to directories
+will not be quoted;
+however, any dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, either.
+This is active only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed
+filenames.
+This variable is set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+versions through 4.2.
<DT><B>direxpand</B>
<DD>
<DT><B>test</B> <I>expr</I><DD>
<DT><B>[</B> <I>expr</I> <B>]</B><DD>
-Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on
+Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on
the evaluation of the conditional expression
<I>expr</I>.
and
<B>-P</B>
-print the hashed value, not necessarily the file that appears
+print the hashed value, which is not necessarily the file that appears
first in
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>PATH</B>.
If
<I>limit</I>
-is given, it is the new value of the specified resource (the
+is given, and the
<B>-a</B>
-option is display only).
+option is not used,
+<I>limit</I> is the new value of the specified resource.
If no option is given, then
<B>-f</B>
is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for
<B>-t</B>,
-which is in seconds,
+which is in seconds;
<B>-p</B>,
-which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+which is in units of 512-byte blocks;
and
<B>-T</B>,
<B>/</B>
<DT>*<DD>
-specifying a file name containing a
+specifying a filename containing a
<B>/</B>
as an argument to the
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2011 July 7<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2011 September 25<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 08 July 2011 17:23:53 EDT
+Time: 26 September 2011 10:56:19 EDT
</BODY>
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2.5 G(iltin command \(see).2 E F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)
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-396 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108
-408 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 420 Q
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-(An array v)144 516 R .005(ariable whose members are assigned by the)
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-(Expands to a string describing the v)144 132 Q
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(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681
(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.181(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F
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-(The current command line.)144 228 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208
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(he current cursor position relati)-3.167 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166
(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15
F .666(If the)5.666 F .534
(current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144
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-(${#COMP_LINE})144 300 Q F0 7.006(.T)C 2.006(his v)-7.006 F 2.006
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(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.005
(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.005(xternal commands)-.15
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(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E
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esponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a completion)
--.25 F .338(function to be called:)144 348 R F2 -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0
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2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)
C .337(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .637 -.15(ve t)
--.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 360 Q F0 4.091(,f)C 1.591
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(or listing alternati)-4.091 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np)
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F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F
1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552
-(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 384 S 2.928
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(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831
(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331
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-144 504 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E
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.169
(w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input)
--.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 540 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses)
--.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 552 Q -.55(AC)
--.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 564 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1
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(Arrays)4.76 E F0(belo)4.76 E 2.26
(w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F
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(ya)-.15 G 1.095(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.595 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.595 G 3.595(iltin. Assigning).2 F(to)3.595 E 1.432
-(members of this array v)144 588 R 1.432
+(members of this array v)144 600 R 1.432
(ariable may be used to modify directories already in the stack, b)-.25
-F 1.431(ut the)-.2 F F1(pushd)144 600 Q F0(and)2.746 E F1(popd)2.746 E
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F0 -.2(bu)2.746 G .246(iltins must be used to add and remo).2 F .546
-.15(ve d)-.15 H 2.746(irectories. Assignment).15 F .246(to this v)2.746
-F(ariable)-.25 E .351(will not change the current directory)144 612 R
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5.35(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.35 E F3(DIRST)2.85 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .35
(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.6 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.85
-(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 624 Q F1(EUID)108 636
+(ni).15 G(f)-2.85 E(it is subsequently reset.)144 636 Q F1(EUID)108 648
Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)11 F(fecti)-.25 E 1.403 -.15(ve u)-.25 H
1.103(ser ID of the current user).15 F 3.603(,i)-.4 G 1.103
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(ariable containing the names of all shell functions currently in the e)
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-(is unset, it loses its spe-)2.847 F(cial properties, e)144 180 Q -.15
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-(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3
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-(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 240 Q F1
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+(HOSTN)108 246 Q(AME)-.2 E F0
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time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\
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-(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 324 R .307
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(alue substituted is not guaranteed to be meaningful.)-.25 F(If)5.306 E
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-(An array v)144 396 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0
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--.15 G 2.83(cuting. The).15 F(def)144 540 Q(ault is system-dependent.)
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-(alues from the processes in)-.25 F(the most-recently-e)144 576 Q -.15
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3.141 E F0 .642(starts up, each shell option in the list will be enable\
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-(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 264 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
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+(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 276 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F
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+(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 288 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55
-G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 276 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144
-288 R .826
+G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 300 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144
+312 R .826
(alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F
-3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649
-(pipelines pre\214x)144 300 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0
-(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
-(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711
-(an escape sequence that is e)144 312 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
-.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F
-(and their meanings are as follo)144 324 Q
-(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 342 Q F0 2.5
-(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 354 Q/F3 10
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+(pipelines pre\214x)144 324 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0
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+(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712
+(an escape sequence that is e)144 336 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
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+(and their meanings are as follo)144 348 Q
+(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 366 Q F0 2.5
+(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 378 Q/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68
-E F1(%[)144 366 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0
-(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 378 Q
+E F1(%[)144 390 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0
+(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 402 Q
F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)
-13.34 E F1(%P)144 390 Q F0
+13.34 E F1(%P)144 414 Q F0
(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87
-(The optional)144 406.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
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3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87
-(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A)
-144 418.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025
-(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026
-(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538
-(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 430.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3
-(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E
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-(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 459.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0
+(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A)
+144 442.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025
+(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025
+(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537
+(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 454.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3
+(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E
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+(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 483.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0
.668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F
-F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va)
-3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 471.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0
-(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E .001
-(If this v)144 488.4 R .001(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.501 E
-F0 .001(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)2.5 E
-(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .494(If the v)144
-500.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F
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+(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E(If this v)144
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+(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)2.501 E
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2.994(At)5.494 G .494(railing ne)-2.994 F .494
(wline is added when the for)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(mat string is displayed.)144
-512.4 Q F1(TMOUT)108 524.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 536.4 R .941
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(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941
(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18
-(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 548.4 Q F1
-(select)2.81 E F0 .31(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F
-.611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311
-(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F .886(ing from a terminal.)144 560.4
-R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v)
-.15 F .885(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1
-(wa)144 572.4 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F
-F1(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546
+(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 572.4 Q F1
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+(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546
(aiting for that number of)-.1 F(seconds if input does not arri)144
-584.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 596.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144
-608.4 R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391
-(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39
-(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 620.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55
-G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 632.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 644.4
-R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531
-(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531
-(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 656.4 R
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+(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 644.4 Q 2.5(su)
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+(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53
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-(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F
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-680.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this)
-3.805 F(conte)144 692.4 Q 1.132
+ for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 692.4 S .367(isting stopped job)
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(xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v)
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--.15 F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624
-(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884
-(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 716.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he)
--5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885
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--.35 E .315(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 84 R 2.816(sn)-.55
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--.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%)2.816 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)A
-F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 96 Q(.)-.55 E F1(histchars)108 108 Q F0
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-(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07(xpansion and tok)
--.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.569 E(OR)
--.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 132 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715
-(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F2 1.216
-(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G
-1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e)
-144 144 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B .798
-(second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G
-(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 156 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G
-.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24
-(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576
-(ing one string for another in the command.)144 168 R .575(The def)5.575
-F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575
-(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\
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+G .884(lue pro).25 F .884(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)
+144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%?)3.333 E F0 .833
+(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR)
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+(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .316
+(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 108 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316
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+F2(histchars)108 132 Q F0 2.069(The tw)144 144 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57(rt)
+-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07
+(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.57 E(OR)
+-.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 156 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.466 E 3.716
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+(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.715 E 3.715(,t)-.4 G
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+(second character is the)3.298 F F1(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G
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+(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .575
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+(optional third character is the)3.076 F .223(character which indicates\
that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \
-char)144 180 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 192 R 1.294
-(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293
-(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F
-.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 204 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1 F
-.38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F
-(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 216 Q F1(Arrays)87 232.8 Q(Bash)
-108 244.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)
--.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89
-(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 256.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)-2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15
-F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F
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--.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.829(do).15 G 2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F
-5.328(.I)-.65 G(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328
-(rrays are refer)-2.828 F(-)-.2 E 1.386(enced using inte)108 280.8 R
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-1.387(are zero-based; associati)3.887 F 1.687 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.387
-(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 292.8
-Q 2.463(An inde)108 309.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463
-(rray is created automatically if an)-4.963 F 4.963(yv)-.15 G 2.462
-(ariable is assigned to using the syntax)-5.213 F F2(name)4.962 E F0([)A
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-E F2(subscript)4.388 E F0 1.549(is treated as an arithmetic e)4.728 F
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-(luate to a number).25 F 6.549(.T)-.55 G(o)-7.349 E -.15(ex)108 333.6 S
-1.98(plicitly declare an inde).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.48(da).15 G(rray)
--4.48 E 4.48(,u)-.65 G(se)-4.48 E F1(declar)4.48 E 4.48<65ad>-.18 G(a)
--4.48 E F2(name)4.48 E F0(\(see)4.48 E F3 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09
-E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(declar)108
-345.6 Q 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(a)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F1([)A F2(subscript)A F1
-(])A F0(is also accepted; the)2.5 E F2(subscript)2.5 E F0(is ignored.)
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-.15 E F1(declar)2.5 E 2.5<65ad>-.18 G(A)-2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(Attrib)108 379.2 Q .94(utes may be speci\214ed for an array v)-.2 F
-.941(ariable using the)-.25 F F1(declar)3.441 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)3.441 E
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-.163(ets and subscript are supplied, that inde)-.1 F 2.663(xi)-.15 G
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-(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.911 F(Inde)108 456 Q
-(xing starts at zero.)-.15 E(When assigning to an associati)108 472.8 Q
+char)144 204 R(-)-.2 E 1.293(acter of a w)144 216 R 1.293
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+(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F .38
+(skipped for the remaining w)144 228 R .38(ords on the line.)-.1 F .379
+(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F
+(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 240 Q F2(Arrays)87 256.8 Q(Bash)
+108 268.8 Q F0(pro)3.39 E .89(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G 3.39(da).15 G .891(nd associati)-3.39 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
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+(ariable may be used as an)-3.641 F(inde)108 280.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+2.574(da).15 G .074(rray; the)-2.574 F F2(declar)2.574 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.574 G .074(iltin will e).2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15
+F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .073(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F
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+-.15 G .329(equirement that members be inde)-2.828 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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+1.387(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.887(xpressions\) and)-.15 F
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-F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 340.8 R
-.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G
+F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 364.8 R
+.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G
.563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659
(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\
-ch resulting string, e)108 352.8 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)
-108 364.8 Q .719(Brace e)108 381.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15
+ch resulting string, e)108 376.8 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)
+108 388.8 Q .718(Brace e)108 405.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15
F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv)
-108 393.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0
-(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As)
-108 410.4 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742
-(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.242 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A
-F2(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F1(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F1(y)
-3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,)
--.15 F(and)108 422.4 Q F1(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G
+108 417.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0
+(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)
+108 434.4 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743
+(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A
+F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y)
+3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,)
+-.15 F(and)108 446.4 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G
.532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G
.532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532
-(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108
-434.4 R F1(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F1(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi)
--2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077
-(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .078
-(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015
-(same width.)108 446.4 R .015(When either)5.015 F F1(x)2.515 E F0(or)
-2.515 E F1(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\
+(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108
+458.4 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi)
+-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077
+(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077
+(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014
+(same width.)108 470.4 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or)
+2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\
empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143
-(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 458.4 R
+(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 482.4 R
6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F
-(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 470.4 S .542(pands to each character le)
-.15 F .542(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F1
+(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 494.4 S .541(pands to each character le)
+.15 F .541(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.042 E F2
(y)3.042 E F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G
-.542(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.041 E F1(y)3.041 E F0
-.541(must be of)3.041 F .182(the same type.)108 482.4 R .182
-(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.182 F .183
-(ference between each term.)-.25 F .183(The def)5.183 F(ault)-.1 E
-(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 494.4 Q .582(Brace e)108 511.2
-R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581
-(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581
-(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015
-(are preserv)108 523.2 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015
-(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016
-(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016
-(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 535.2 Q
+.542(ote that both)-5.542 F F2(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F2(y)3.042 E F0
+.542(must be of)3.042 F .183(the same type.)108 506.4 R .182
+(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.183 F .182
+(ference between each term.)-.25 F .182(The def)5.182 F(ault)-.1 E
+(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 518.4 Q .581(Brace e)108 535.2
+R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581
+(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582
+(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016
+(are preserv)108 547.2 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
+(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015
+(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015
+(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 559.2 Q
(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)
--.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 552 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(\
+-.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 576 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132(\
xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\
- one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 564 R 3.441(alid sequence e)
+ one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 588 R 3.441(alid sequence e)
-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
-(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
-(unchanged. A)108 576 R F2({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F2(,)2.755 E F0 .255
+(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
+(unchanged. A)108 600 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255
(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255
-(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91
-(sion. T)108 588 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41
+(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911
+(sion. T)108 612 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411
(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
-F2(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
-(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 600 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used as\
+F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
+(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 624 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used as\
shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is)
-108 616.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 628.8 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H
-(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 645.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25
-G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 657.6 Q(cho)144 669.6 Q
+108 640.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 652.8 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H
+(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 669.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25
+G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 681.6 Q(cho)144 693.6 Q
(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)
--.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 686.4 R .618
+-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 710.4 R .618
(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
-.618(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F2(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
-(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248
-(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 698.4 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G
-.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247
-(es them in the output.)-.15 F F2(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 710.4 Q -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
-(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03
-(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F2(sh)
-3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F1(\214le{1,2})108 722.4 Q F0 .515
-(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515
-(ord is output as)-.1 F F1 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e)
-3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F2(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.2)72
-768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505 E(18)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
+(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
+(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 722.4 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
+.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
+(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
+(2011 September 25)135.955 E(18)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E .436(If strict compatibility with)108 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+-.35 E(remo)108 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)
+-3.53 F 1.03(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)
+-.15 F 1.03(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1
+F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+(\214le{1,2})108 96 Q F0 .514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F
+.515(The same w)5.515 F .515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515
+(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F
+F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437(If strict compatibility with)108 108 R F1
(sh)2.936 E F0 .436(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436
(with the)2.936 F F1(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936
-F .437(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 96 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
-(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
+F .436(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 120 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E
+F1(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)
-87 112.8 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 124.8 R 1.087(ord be)
--.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0
-1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\
+87 136.8 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 148.8 R 1.086(ord be)
+-.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0
+1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\
slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\
-ed a)108 136.8 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E
-F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726
-(in the tilde-pre\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x\
- follo)108 148.8 R .725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F
-F3(lo)108 160.8 Q .522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G
-.522
+ed a)108 160.8 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685
+(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\
+\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 172.8 R
+.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 184.8 Q
+.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F2(HOME)108 172.8 Q/F4
-9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F2(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287
-(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286
-(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\
+-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 196.8 Q/F4
+9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287
+(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287
+(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\
ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \
-with the speci\214ed login name.)108 184.8 Q .092
-(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 201.6 R .092
-(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092
-(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
-5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 213.6 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904
-(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0
-.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo)
-5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641
-(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 225.6 R F3(N)4.141
-E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642
-(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\
+with the speci\214ed login name.)108 208.8 Q .093
+(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 225.6 R .092
+(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092
+(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
+5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 237.6 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903
+(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0
+.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo)
+5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642
+(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 249.6 R F2(N)4.142
+E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641
+(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\
ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108
-237.6 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu)
-108 249.6 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G
-.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F
-.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455
+261.6 R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu)
+108 273.6 S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G
+.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F
+.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454
(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F
(consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)
-108 261.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 278.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+108 285.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 302.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E
-(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 295.2 R .167
+(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 319.2 R .167
(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)
-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E
-F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E
-.281(these cases, tilde e)108 307.2 R .282(xpansion is also performed.)
--.15 F(Consequently)5.282 E 2.782(,o)-.65 G .282
-(ne may use \214le names with tildes in assign-)-2.782 F(ments to)108
-319.2 Q F2 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F2(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)
--.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F2(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
+F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E
+.468(these cases, tilde e)108 331.2 R .468(xpansion is also performed.)
+-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467
+(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108
+343.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)
+-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
.855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E
-(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 336 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `)
-108 348 R F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e)
--4.106 F 1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F
-4.105(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 360
+(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 360 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605(The `)
+108 372 R F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605(haracter introduces parameter e)
+-4.105 F 1.606(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F
+4.106(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 384
R .407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F
-.407(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033
-(tect the v)108 372 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033
-(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032
-(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 384
-Q 1.189
-(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108
-400.8 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)
--3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108
-412.8 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15
-(ex)108 424.8 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 441.6 Q F3(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0
-(})A 1.204(The v)144 453.6 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F3(par)3.704 E(ameter)
--.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204
-(The braces are required when)6.204 F F3(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
-1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264
-(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 465.6 R F3(par)4.014 E
+.406(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032
+(tect the v)108 396 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032
+(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033
+(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108 408
+Q 1.19(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)
+108 424.8 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189
+(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15
+(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 436.8 R 2.15
+(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 448.8 S
+(pansion.).15 E(${)108 465.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205
+(The v)144 477.6 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
+1.204(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F
+F2(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264
+(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 489.6 R F2(par)4.014 E
(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264
(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F
-(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 477.6 Q .685
-(If the \214rst character of)108 494.4 R F3(par)3.185 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
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+(If the \214rst character of)108 518.4 R F2(par)3.186 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
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-(\), a le)B -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.186(lo).15 G 3.186(fv)-3.186 G .686
-(ariable indirection is introduced.)-3.436 F F1(Bash)108 506.4 Q F0 .106
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+(ariable indirection is introduced.)-3.435 F F1(Bash)108 530.4 Q F0 .106
(uses the v)2.606 F .106(alue of the v)-.25 F .106
-(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F3(par)2.606 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
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-(!)A F3(name)A F0([)A F3(@)A F0 .762(]} described belo)B 4.563 -.65
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(w. T)-.25 H .763(he e).65 F .763
(xclamation point must immediately follo)-.15 F 3.263(wt)-.25 G .763
-(he left brace in order to)-3.263 F(introduce indirection.)108 554.4 Q
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(d)-.37 E F0 .334(is subject to tilde e)2.834 F .334
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-(When not performing substring e)108 600 R .698
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2.5(xits. Otherwise,)-2.65 F(the v)2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F1(par)2.5 E
(ameter)-.15 E F0(is substituted.)2.5 E(${)108 132 Q F1(par)A(ameter)
-.15 E F2(:+)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(})A F2 .745(Use Alter)144 144 R .745
(xpan-)-.15 E(sion of)144 156 Q F1(wor)2.84 E(d)-.37 E F0
(is substituted.)3.27 E(${)108 168 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1
(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0(})A(${)108 180 Q F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F2(:)A F1
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(acter speci\214ed by)144 216 R F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1
(length)5.433 E F0(and)2.933 E F1(of)2.933 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .433
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-(eva)3.175 G .676(luates to a number less than zero, the v).25 F .676
-(alue is used as an of)-.25 F .676(fset from)-.25 F .103
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--.15 E F0(is)2.602 E(not)144 252 Q F2(@)3.642 E F0 1.142
-(and not an inde)3.642 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.642(do).15 G 3.642(ra)-3.642 G
-(ssociati)-3.642 E 1.443 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 3.643(,i)-.65 G
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-1.143(fset from the end of the)-.25 F -.25(va)144 264 S .038(lue of).25
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-(oo)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.573 G 2.573(sets. If).25 F F1(par)2.573 E(ameter)
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+-.15 E F0(is)2.603 E(not)144 252 Q F2(@)3.643 E F0 1.143
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+(ssociati)-3.643 E 1.443 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 3.643(,i)-.65 G
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+(xpansion is the characters between)-.15 F .074(the tw)144 276 R 2.574
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-F F1(length)2.574 E F0 .074(positional parameters be)2.574 F .074
-(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of)2.574 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.074(.I)C(f)-5.074 E F1
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+(ginning at)-.15 F F1(of)2.573 E(fset)-.18 E F0 5.073(.I)C(f)-5.073 E F1
(par)144 288 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0 .205(is an inde)2.705 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
2.705(da).15 G .205(rray name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the)
--2.705 F F1(length)2.705 E F0 .205(members of the)2.705 F .696(array be)
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144 300 R .697(ginning with ${)-.15 F F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0([)A F1
(of)A(fset)-.18 E F0 3.197(]}. A)B(ne)3.197 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G F1(of)3.347 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .697(is tak)3.197 F .697
(en relati)-.1 F .997 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.197(oo).15 G .697
-(ne greater than)-3.197 F 1.404(the maximum inde)144 312 R 3.903(xo)-.15
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G 3.903(ft)-3.903 G 1.403(he speci\214ed array)-3.903 F 6.403(.S)-.65 G
1.403(ubstring e)-6.403 F 1.403(xpansion applied to an associati)-.15 F
-1.703 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15 E 1.294(produces unde\214ned results.)
-144 324 R 1.294(Note that a ne)6.294 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.595
--.15(ve o)-.25 H -.25(ff).15 G 1.295
-(set must be separated from the colon by at).25 F .959
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(least one space to a)144 336 R -.2(vo)-.2 G .959
-(id being confused with the :- e).2 F 3.458(xpansion. Substring)-.15 F
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(unless the positional parameters are used, in which case the inde)144
-348 R .415(xing starts at 1 by def)-.15 F 2.915(ault. If)-.1 F F1(of)
-2.915 E(f-)-.18 E(set)144 360 Q F0
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+2.914 E(f-)-.18 E(set)144 360 Q F0
(is 0, and the positional parameters are used,)2.5 E F2($0)2.5 E F0
(is pre\214x)2.5 E(ed to the list.)-.15 E(${)108 376.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A
(e\214x)-.37 E F2(*)A F0(})A(${)108 388.8 Q F2(!)A F1(pr)A(e\214x)-.37 E
-F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .085(Names matching pr)144 400.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0
-5.085(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.085 F .084
-(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .084(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.584 E
-(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.584(,s)C(epa-)-2.584 E .257
-(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 412.8 R F3(IFS)2.757 E F0
-.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.758 E F0 .258
-(is used and the e)2.758 F .258(xpansion appears)-.15 F
+F2(@)A F0(})A F2 .084(Names matching pr)144 400.8 R(e\214x)-.18 E F0
+5.084(.E)C .084(xpands to the names of v)-5.084 F .084
+(ariables whose names be)-.25 F .085(gin with)-.15 F F1(pr)2.585 E
+(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.585(,s)C(epa-)-2.585 E .258
+(rated by the \214rst character of the)144 412.8 R F3(IFS)2.758 E F0
+.257(special v)2.507 F 2.757(ariable. When)-.25 F F1(@)2.757 E F0 .257
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(within double quotes, each v)144 424.8 Q(ariable name e)-.25 E
(xpands to a separate w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108 441.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)
A F0([)A F1(@)A F0(]})A(${)108 453.6 Q F2(!)A F1(name)A F0([)A F1(*)A F0
-(]})A F2 2.036(List of array k)144 465.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)
+(]})A F2 2.035(List of array k)144 465.6 R(eys)-.1 E F0 7.036(.I)C(f)
-7.036 E F1(name)4.536 E F0 2.036(is an array v)4.536 F 2.036
(ariable, e)-.25 F 2.036(xpands to the list of array indices \(k)-.15 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E .595(assigned in)144 477.6 R F1(name)3.095 E F0
-5.595(.I)C(f)-5.595 E F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.095 F
-3.095(,e)-.65 G .595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .596
-(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.596 E F1(@)144 489.6 Q F0
+-.15(ey)-.1 G(s\)).15 E .596(assigned in)144 477.6 R F1(name)3.096 E F0
+5.596(.I)C(f)-5.596 E F1(name)3.096 E F0 .595(is not an array)3.096 F
+3.095(,e)-.65 G .595(xpands to 0 if)-3.245 F F1(name)3.095 E F0 .595
+(is set and null otherwise.)3.095 F(When)5.595 E F1(@)144 489.6 Q F0
(is used and the e)2.5 E(xpansion appears within double quotes, each k)
-.15 E .3 -.15(ey ex)-.1 H(pands to a separate w).15 E(ord.)-.1 E(${)108
-506.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 518.4 S .471
-(rameter length).1 F F0 5.471(.T)C .471
-(he length in characters of the v)-5.471 F .471(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)
-2.971 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .47(is substituted.)2.97 F(If)5.47 E F1(par)
-4.22 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144 530.4 Q F0(is)4.438 E F2(*)3.708 E F0(or)
-3.708 E F2(@)3.708 E F0 3.708(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208
+506.4 Q F2(#)A F1(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A F2 -.1(Pa)144 518.4 S .47
+(rameter length).1 F F0 5.47(.T)C .471(he length in characters of the v)
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+(is substituted.)2.971 F(If)5.471 E F1(par)4.221 E(ame-)-.15 E(ter)144
+530.4 Q F0(is)4.439 E F2(*)3.709 E F0(or)3.709 E F2(@)3.709 E F0 3.708
+(,t)C 1.208(he v)-3.708 F 1.208
(alue substituted is the number of positional parameters.)-.25 F(If)
-6.209 E F1(par)4.959 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.209(is an)4.439 F
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(array name subscripted by)144 542.4 Q F2(*)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E
F0 2.5(,t)C(he v)-2.5 E
(alue substituted is the number of elements in the array)-.25 E(.)-.65 E
F2(Remo)144 583.2 Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196
(e\214x patter)-.18 F(n)-.15 E F0 6.196(.T)C(he)-6.196 E F1(wor)4.036 E
(d)-.37 E F0 1.196(is e)4.466 F 1.196
-(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .151(name e)144
-595.2 R 2.651(xpansion. If)-.15 F .152(the pattern matches the be)2.652
+(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in path-)-.15 F .152(name e)144
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F .152(ginning of the v)-.15 F .152(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)2.652 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.652(,t).73 G .152(hen the result of)-2.652 F 1.4
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(the e)144 607.2 R 1.4(xpansion is the e)-.15 F 1.4(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.4
(alue of)-.25 F F1(par)5.15 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.4
(with the shortest matching pattern \(the `)4.63 F(`)-.74 E F2(#)A F0
-.74('')C .281(case\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `)144 619.2
R(`)-.74 E F2(##)A F0 1.761 -.74('' c)D .281(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)
5.281 E F1(par)4.031 E(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.511 E F2(@)2.781 E F0(or)
-2.781 E F2(*)2.782 E F0 2.782(,t)C .282(he pattern)-2.782 F(remo)144
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631.2 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G .774
(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)
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(with the shortest matching pattern \(the)3.456 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
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('' c)D .042(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74
E F1(%%)A F0 1.522 -.74('' c)D .042(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)5.042 E/F2
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(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)
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(ation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144 120
Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E(${)108 136.8 Q F2(par)A(ameter)
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3.753 F F2(pattern)3.753 E F0 1.253(are deleted and the)3.753 F F1(/)
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(he substitution operation is applied to each positional parameter)
--2.679 F .618(in turn, and the e)144 232.8 R .619
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(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)5.619 E F2(par)4.369 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F0 .619(is an array v)3.849 F .619
-(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)144 244.8 Q F0(or)3.224 E F1(*)
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(sion is the resultant list.)144 256.8 Q(${)108 273.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)
-.15 E F1(^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 285.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E
F1(^^)A F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 297.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,)A
F2(pattern)A F0(})A(${)108 309.6 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(,,)A F2
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(xpansion modi\214es the case of alphabetic characters in)-.15 F F2(par)
-2.938 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 5.438(.T)C(he)-5.438 E F2(pattern)144 333.6 Q
-F0 .814(is e)3.314 F .813
-(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.313
-(xpansion. The)-.15 F F1(^)3.313 E F0 .813(operator con)3.313 F -.15(ve)
--.4 G(rts).15 E(lo)144 345.6 Q .18(wercase letters matching)-.25 F F2
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+(xpansion. The)-.15 F F1(^)3.314 E F0 .814(operator con)3.314 F -.15(ve)
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(pattern)2.681 E F0 .181(to uppercase; the)2.681 F F1(,)2.681 E F0 .181
-(operator con)2.681 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .181(rts matching uppercase letters)
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.15 F .085(to lo)144 357.6 R 2.585(wercase. The)-.25 F F1(^^)2.585 E F0
(and)2.585 E F1(,,)2.585 E F0 -.15(ex)2.585 G .085(pansions con).15 F
-.15(ve)-.4 G .085(rt each matched character in the e).15 F .085
(xpanded v)-.15 F .085(alue; the)-.25 F F1(^)2.585 E F0(and)144 369.6 Q
-F1(,)3.59 E F0 -.15(ex)3.59 G 1.09(pansions match and con).15 F -.15(ve)
--.4 G 1.091(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.091
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-1.121(omitted, it is treated lik)144 381.6 R 3.621(ea)-.1 G F1(?)A F0
-3.621(,w)C 1.121(hich matches e)-3.621 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121
-(ry character).15 F 6.12(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.12 E F2(par)4.87 E(ameter)-.15 E
-F0(is)4.35 E F1(@)3.62 E F0(or)3.62 E F1(*)3.62 E F0 3.62(,t)C 1.12
-(he case)-3.62 F 1.335(modi\214cation operation is applied to each posi\
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--.15 F 1.308(resultant list.)144 405.6 R(If)6.308 E F2(par)5.058 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.308(is an array v)4.538 F 1.308
-(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.808 E F0(or)3.808 E F1(*)3.808 E
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+(,w)C 1.12(hich matches e)-3.62 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.121(ry character).15
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+-3.621 F 1.335(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional p\
+arameter in turn, and the e)144 393.6 R 1.335(xpansion is the)-.15 F
+1.308(resultant list.)144 405.6 R(If)6.308 E F2(par)5.058 E(ameter)-.15
+E F0 1.308(is an array v)4.538 F 1.308(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F
+F1(@)3.808 E F0(or)3.808 E F1(*)3.808 E F0 3.808(,t)C 1.308
+(he case modi\214cation)-3.808 F
(operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)144
417.6 Q(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 E F1(Command Substitution)
-87 434.4 Q F2 1.697(Command substitution)108 446.4 R F0(allo)4.197 E
+87 434.4 Q F2 1.698(Command substitution)108 446.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E
1.697(ws the output of a command to replace the command name.)-.25 F
-1.698(There are tw)6.698 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 458.4 Q F1($\()144 475.2 Q
+1.697(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 458.4 Q F1($\()144 475.2 Q
F2(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 487.2 Q F1<92>144 499.2 Q F2
-(command)A F1<92>A(Bash)108 516 Q F0 .02(performs the e)2.52 F .02
+(command)A F1<92>A(Bash)108 516 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019
(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.519 E F0
-.019(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768
+.02(and replacing the command substitution with the stan-)2.519 F .768
(dard output of the command, with an)108 528 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768
(railing ne)-3.268 F .768(wlines deleted.)-.25 F .768(Embedded ne)5.768
-F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 540 Q 3.219(ym)
--.15 G .719(ay be remo)-3.219 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.219(dd).15 G .719
-(uring w)-3.219 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719
+F .768(wlines are not deleted, b)-.25 F(ut)-.2 E(the)108 540 Q 3.218(ym)
+-.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719
+(uring w)-3.218 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719
(The command substitution)5.719 F F1($\(cat)3.219 E F2(\214le)3.219 E F1
-(\))A F0 .718(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 552 Q -.25(va)-.25
+(\))A F0 .719(can be replaced by the)3.219 F(equi)108 552 Q -.25(va)-.25
G(lent b).25 E(ut f)-.2 E(aster)-.1 E F1($\(<)2.5 E F2(\214le)2.5 E F1
(\))A F0(.)A 1.724(When the old-style backquote form of substitution is\
used, backslash retains its literal meaning e)108 568.8 R(xcept)-.15 E
-.315(when follo)108 580.8 R .315(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.815 E F0(,)A F1
-<92>2.815 E F0 2.815(,o)C(r)-2.815 E F1(\\)2.815 E F0 5.315(.T)C .314(h\
+.314(when follo)108 580.8 R .314(wed by)-.25 F F1($)2.814 E F0(,)A F1
+<92>2.814 E F0 2.814(,o)C(r)-2.814 E F1(\\)2.814 E F0 5.314(.T)C .315(h\
e \214rst backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command \
-sub-)-5.315 F 3.886(stitution. When)108 592.8 R 1.386(using the $\()
-3.886 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.886(\)f)1.666 G 1.387
-(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.886 F 3.887(eu)-.1 G
-3.887(pt)-3.887 G 1.387(he com-)-3.887 F
+sub-)-5.314 F 3.887(stitution. When)108 592.8 R 1.387(using the $\()
+3.887 F F2(command).833 E F0 3.887(\)f)1.666 G 1.386
+(orm, all characters between the parentheses mak)-3.887 F 3.886(eu)-.1 G
+3.886(pt)-3.886 G 1.386(he com-)-3.886 F
(mand; none are treated specially)108 604.8 Q(.)-.65 E .894
(Command substitutions may be nested.)108 621.6 R 2.494 -.8(To n)5.894 H
.894(est when using the backquoted form, escape the inner back-).8 F
(quotes with backslashes.)108 633.6 Q .422
(If the substitution appears within double quotes, w)108 650.4 R .422
-(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .423(xpansion are not performed)-.15
+(ord splitting and pathname e)-.1 F .422(xpansion are not performed)-.15
F(on the results.)108 662.4 Q F1(Arithmetic Expansion)87 679.2 Q F0
-1.035(Arithmetic e)108 691.2 R 1.035(xpansion allo)-.15 F 1.035
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(ws the e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.034(luation of an arithmetic e).25 F
-1.034(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F
+1.035(xpression and the substitution of the result.)-.15 F
(The format for arithmetic e)108 703.2 Q(xpansion is:)-.15 E F1($\(\()
144 720 Q F2 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F1(\)\))A F0(GNU Bash 4.2)72
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(ession)-.37 E F0 .165(is treated as if it were within double quotes, b)
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-(treated specially)108 96 R 6.075(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.075 F 1.074
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+(treated specially)108 96 R 6.074(.A)-.65 G 1.074(ll tok)-6.074 F 1.074
(ens in the e)-.1 F 1.074(xpression under)-.15 F 1.074(go parameter e)
--.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.074(xpansion, command)-.15 F
+-.18 F 1.074(xpansion, string e)-.15 F 1.075(xpansion, command)-.15 F
(substitution, and quote remo)108 108 Q -.25(va)-.15 G 2.5
-(l. Arithmetic).25 F -.15(ex)2.5 G(pansions may be nested.).15 E 1.378
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(The e)108 124.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G 1.378
(luation is performed according to the rules listed belo).25 F 3.878(wu)
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-(If)5.879 E F1 -.2(ex)108 136.8 S(pr).2 E(ession)-.37 E F0(is in)2.74 E
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-.25(va)-.4 G(lid,).25 E/F4 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5 E F0
(prints a message indicating f)2.5 E(ailure and no substitution occurs.)
--.1 E F4(Pr)87 153.6 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F1(Pr)108 165.6 Q .971
+-.1 E F4(Pr)87 153.6 Q(ocess Substitution)-.18 E F1(Pr)108 165.6 Q .97
(ocess substitution)-.45 F F0 .971
-(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.471 F F1(FIFOs)A
-F0 3.47(\)o)C 3.47(rt)-3.47 G(he)-3.47 E F4(/de)3.47 E(v/fd)-.15 E F0
-.97(method of)3.47 F .021(naming open \214les.)108 177.6 R .021(It tak)
-5.021 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F4(<\()2.521 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E
-F0(or)2.521 E F4(>\()2.521 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 5.021(.T)C .021
-(he process)-5.021 F F1(list)2.521 E F0 .021
-(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .059(nected to a)108 189.6
-R F1(FIFO)2.559 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.559 F F4(/de)2.558 E(v/fd)
+(is supported on systems that support named pipes \()3.47 F F1(FIFOs)A
+F0 3.471(\)o)C 3.471(rt)-3.471 G(he)-3.471 E F4(/de)3.471 E(v/fd)-.15 E
+F0 .971(method of)3.471 F .022(naming open \214les.)108 177.6 R .021
+(It tak)5.022 F .021(es the form of)-.1 F F4(<\()2.521 E F1(list)A F4
+(\)).833 E F0(or)2.521 E F4(>\()2.521 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 5.021
+(.T)C .021(he process)-5.021 F F1(list)2.521 E F0 .021
+(is run with its input or output con-)2.521 F .058(nected to a)108 189.6
+R F1(FIFO)2.558 E F0 .058(or some \214le in)2.558 F F4(/de)2.558 E(v/fd)
-.15 E F0 5.058(.T)C .058(he name of this \214le is passed as an ar)
--5.058 F .058(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .13
-(mand as the result of the e)108 201.6 R 2.63(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)
+-5.058 F .059(gument to the current com-)-.18 F .131
+(mand as the result of the e)108 201.6 R 2.631(xpansion. If)-.15 F(the)
2.63 E F4(>\()2.63 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0 .13
-(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .131
-(vide input for)-.15 F F1(list)2.631 E F0(.)A(If the)108 213.6 Q F4(<\()
-2.5 E F1(list)A F4(\)).833 E F0
-(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E
+(form is used, writing to the \214le will pro)2.63 F .13(vide input for)
+-.15 F F1(list)2.63 E F0(.)A(If the)108 213.6 Q F4(<\()2.5 E F1(list)A
+F4(\)).833 E F0(form is used, the \214le passed as an ar)2.5 E
(gument should be read to obtain the output of)-.18 E F1(list)2.5 E F0
-(.)A .897(When a)108 230.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\
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+(.)A .896(When a)108 230.4 R -.25(va)-.2 G .896(ilable, process substit\
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(ariable e)-.25 F(xpansion,)-.15 E
(command substitution, and arithmetic e)108 242.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F4
--.75(Wo)87 259.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.142
-(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 271.2 R 1.143
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.143
+-.75(Wo)87 259.2 S(rd Splitting).75 E F0 1.143
+(The shell scans the results of parameter e)108 271.2 R 1.142
+(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 1.142
(xpansion that)-.15 F(did not occur within double quotes for)108 283.2 Q
F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5 E F0(.).22 E .063
(The shell treats each character of)108 300 R F2(IFS)2.563 E F0 .063
(as a delimiter)2.313 F 2.563(,a)-.4 G .063
(nd splits the results of the other e)-2.563 F .063(xpansions into w)
--.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.788(on these characters.)108 312 R(If)6.788 E F2
-(IFS)4.288 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.038 F 1.789(alue is e)-.25 F
-(xactly)-.15 E F4(<space><tab><newline>)4.289 E F0 4.289(,t)C 1.789
-(he def)-4.289 F 1.789(ault, then)-.1 F .022(sequences of)108 324 R F4
-(<space>)2.522 E F0(,)A F4(<tab>)2.522 E F0 2.521(,a)C(nd)-2.521 E F4
+-.15 F(ords)-.1 E 1.789(on these characters.)108 312 R(If)6.789 E F2
+(IFS)4.289 E F0 1.788(is unset, or its v)4.039 F 1.788(alue is e)-.25 F
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+(he def)-4.288 F 1.788(ault, then)-.1 F .021(sequences of)108 324 R F4
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(<newline>)2.521 E F0 .021(at the be)2.521 F .021
-(ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .021(vious e)-.25 F
-(xpan-)-.15 E .585(sions are ignored, and an)108 336 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G
+(ginning and end of the results of the pre)-.15 F .022(vious e)-.25 F
+(xpan-)-.15 E .586(sions are ignored, and an)108 336 R 3.086(ys)-.15 G
.586(equence of)-3.086 F F2(IFS)3.086 E F0 .586
-(characters not at the be)2.836 F .586(ginning or end serv)-.15 F .586
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(es to delimit w)-.15 F(ords.)-.1 E(If)108 348 Q F2(IFS)3.617 E F0 1.117
(has a v)3.367 F 1.117(alue other than the def)-.25 F 1.117
(ault, then sequences of the whitespace characters)-.1 F F4(space)3.617
E F0(and)3.617 E F4(tab)3.617 E F0(are)3.617 E .315(ignored at the be)
108 360 R .315(ginning and end of the w)-.15 F .315
(ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .315
-(alue of)-.25 F F2(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.566 E F2(IFS)108 372 Q F0 1.054
-(whitespace character\).)3.304 F(An)6.054 E 3.554(yc)-.15 G 1.054
-(haracter in)-3.554 F F2(IFS)3.554 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F2
-(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(whitespace, along with an)3.303 F 3.553(ya)-.15 G
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-(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 384 R 2.831(As)5.331 G
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+(alue of)-.25 F F2(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.565 E F2(IFS)108 372 Q F0 1.053
+(whitespace character\).)3.303 F(An)6.053 E 3.553(yc)-.15 G 1.053
+(haracter in)-3.553 F F2(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F2
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+(whitespace characters, delimits a \214eld.)108 384 R 2.832(As)5.332 G
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(whitespace characters is also treated as a delim-)2.582 F(iter)108 396
Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(IFS)2.5 E F0
-(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.879
-(Explicit null ar)108 412.8 R 1.879(guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G
+(is null, no w)2.25 E(ord splitting occurs.)-.1 E 1.878
+(Explicit null ar)108 412.8 R 1.878(guments \()-.18 F F4 .833("").833 G
F0(or)3.545 E F4 .833<0808>5.211 G F0 4.378(\)a)C 1.878(re retained.)
--4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.878
-(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 424.8 S .176
-(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .476 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.676(ov).15 G
-.176(alues, are remo)-2.926 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.677(ap)
-2.677 G .177(arameter with no v)-2.677 F .177(alue is e)-.25 F .177
+-4.378 F 1.878(Unquoted implicit null ar)6.878 F 1.879
+(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 424.8 S .177
+(pansion of parameters that ha).15 F .477 -.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.677(ov).15 G
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(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 436.8 Q
(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 453.6 Q
(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 470.4 S
-(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .371(After w)108 482.4 R .371
-(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F4<ad66>2.871 E F0 .371
-(option has been set,)2.871 F F4(bash)2.871 E F0 .37(scans each w)2.87 F
-.37(ord for the characters)-.1 F F4(*)2.87 E F0(,)A F4(?)2.87 E F0 2.87
-(,a)C(nd)-2.87 E F4([)2.87 E F0(.)A .677
+(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 482.4 R .37
+(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F4<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37
+(option has been set,)2.87 F F4(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F
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(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 494.4 R .677
(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F1(pattern)3.177 E
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-(cally sorted list of \214le names matching the pattern \(see)108 506.4
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-(belo)2.451 E 2.701(w\). If)-.25 F .201(no matching \214le names)2.701 F
-.008(are found, and the shell option)108 518.4 R F4(nullglob)2.508 E F0
-.008(is not enabled, the w)2.508 F .009(ord is left unchanged.)-.1 F
-.009(If the)5.009 F F4(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .009(option is)2.509 F .443
-(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 530.4 R .443(ord is remo)-.1 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.943(d. If).15 F(the)2.942 E F4(failglob)2.942 E F0 .442
-(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.942 F 1.38
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+(cally sorted list of \214lenames matching the pattern \(see)108 506.4 R
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+(are found, and the shell option)108 518.4 R F4(nullglob)2.509 E F0 .008
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+(If the)5.008 F F4(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008(option is)2.508 F .442
+(set, and no matches are found, the w)108 530.4 R .442(ord is remo)-.1 F
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+(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 F 1.38
(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 542.4 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F F4
-(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .104
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(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 554.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G
-.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .103
-(When a pattern is used)5.103 F .377(for pathname e)108 566.4 R .377
+.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104
+(When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 566.4 R .378
(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08
-E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .378
-(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .579(matched e)108 578.4 R(xplicitly)-.15 E
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-F0 .579(is set.)3.079 F .578
-(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.788(must al)108
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+(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .578(matched e)108 578.4 R(xplicitly)-.15 E
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+(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.789(must al)108
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(.I)-.65 G 4.288(no)-6.788 G 1.788(ther cases, the)-4.288 F F4 -.63(``)
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-(character is not treated specially)6.788 F 6.789(.S)-.65 G 1.789
-(ee the)-6.789 F .166(description of)108 602.4 R F4(shopt)2.666 E F0
-(belo)2.666 E 2.666(wu)-.25 G(nder)-2.666 E F2 .166(SHELL B)2.666 F(UIL)
--.09 E .165(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0 .165(for a description of the)2.415
-F F4(nocaseglob)2.665 E F0(,)A F4(null-)2.665 E(glob)108 614.4 Q F0(,)A
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F4(failglob)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F4(dotglob)2.5 E F0
-(shell options.)2.5 E(The)108 631.2 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.63 E F0 .13
-(shell v)2.38 F .131
-(ariable may be used to restrict the set of \214le names matching a)-.25
-F F1(pattern)2.631 E F0 5.131(.I).24 G(f)-5.131 E F2(GLO-)2.631 E
-(BIGNORE)108 643.2 Q F0 2.015(is set, each matching \214le name that al\
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-4.264 E(remo)108 655.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.503(df).15 G .003
-(rom the list of matches.)-2.503 F .003(The \214le names)5.003 F F4 -.63
-(``)2.503 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0(and)5.003 E F4 -.63(``)2.503 G(..)
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-(ys ignored when).1 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.504 E F0(is)2.254 E .046
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--.4(r, s).15 H(etting).4 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.546 E F0 .046
-(to a non-null v)2.296 F .045(alue has the ef)-.25 F .045
-(fect of enabling the)-.25 F F4(dotglob)2.545 E F0 .613
-(shell option, so all other \214le names be)108 679.2 R .614
-(ginning with a)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)3.114 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .614
-(will match.)5.614 F 2.214 -.8(To g)5.614 H .614(et the old beha).8 F
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-(ginning with a)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.957 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0
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703.2 Q F2(GLOBIGNORE)2.5 E F0(is unset.)2.25 E F4 -.1(Pa)108 720 S
(tter).1 E 2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
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%%Page: 23 23
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(The special pattern characters ha)108 136.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(*)144 153.6
-Q F0 .377(Matches an)31 F 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376
-(tring, including the null string.)-2.877 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1
-(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 165.6
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+(tring, including the null string.)-2.876 F .376(When the)5.376 F F1
+(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 165.6
Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775
(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275
E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058
F0(,)A(tw)180 189.6 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C
(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 201.6 Q
F0(Matches an)31 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-([...])144 213.6 Q F0 .578(Matches an)21.84 F 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578
-(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579
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-.536(haracters, inclu-)-3.036 F(si)180 237.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u)
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-(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the)
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-(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894
-(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 261.6 R .895
-(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v)
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+(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v)
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E(TE)-.855 E F0(or)2.625 E F3(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F
-.375(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375
-(btain the tra-).8 F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 285.6 R
-.067(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568
-F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068
-(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 297.6 R F1(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0
-.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C
+.375(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376
+(btain the tra-).8 F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 285.6 R
+.068(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567
+F -.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067
+(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 297.6 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0
+.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C
2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0
-.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F1<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\
+.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F1<ad>2.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\
be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.)
-180 309.6 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F
+180 309.6 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F
(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 321.6 Q -.4(Wi)
-180 339.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F1(])3.071 E F0(,)A F2
--.15(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571
-(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.07 E F2(class)A F1
-(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F2(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo)
-180 351.6 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1
-8.173(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 363.6 R 8.173
+180 339.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F2
+-.15(ch)3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571
+(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F2(class)A F1
+(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F2(class)3.071 E F0
+(is one of the follo)180 351.6 Q
+(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173
+(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 363.6 R 8.173
(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 375.6 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0
-4.29(Ac)180 387.6 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)
+4.289(Ac)180 387.6 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc)
-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1
--.1(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E
+-.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E
(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 399.6 Q -.4(Wi)
-180 417.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F1(])4.536 E F0 4.536
-(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F2 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037
-(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.537 E F2(c)A F1(=])
-A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
+180 417.6 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537
+(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F2 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036
+(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F2(c)A F1(=])
+A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 429.6 R
(the character)180 441.6 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 459.6 S(thin).4
E F1([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)
2.5 E F2(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2
-(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 476.4 R F1(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705
-(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705
-(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108
-488.4 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F2
+(symbol)2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 476.4 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705
+(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704
+(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108
+488.4 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F2
(pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255
-(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.755 E
+(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E
F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)
108 500.4 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 524.4 Q F2
(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0
.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 620.4 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\))
.833 E F0(Matches an)180 632.4 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)
-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 649.2
-Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 661.2 R 1.112
+Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 661.2 R 1.113
(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\)
-3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0
-1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 673.2 Q .3
+3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0
+1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 673.2 Q .3
-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F4
10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 690 Q F0 .545
(Before a command is e)108 702 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E
-(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .616
+(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .617
(by the shell.)108 714 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open and \
-close \214les for the current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617
-(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.275(ment. The)108 726 R(follo)3.275 E
+close \214les for the current shell e)5.617 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .616
+(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.274(ment. The)108 726 R(follo)3.274 E
.774(wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .774
-(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .774(simple command)3.614 F F0(or)4.044 E
-(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505 E(23)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .775(simple command)3.615 F F0(or)4.045 E
+(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(23)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 24 24
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BP
A F0 5(.R).77 G(edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)
-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Each re\
direction that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may instea\
-d be preceded by a w)108 100.8 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)108
+d be preceded by a w)108 100.8 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)108
112.8 R F1(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293
(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293
-(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.498<618c>108 124.8
-S .999(le descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to)-3.498 F F1
-(varname)3.499 E F0 5.999(.I)C 3.499(f>)-5.999 G .999
-(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.499 F F1(varname)A F0 .999(}, the)B -.25
-(va)108 136.8 S(lue of).25 E F1(varname)2.5 E F0
-(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .284(In the follo)108
-153.6 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\
-ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512
+(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 124.8 S
+.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F
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+(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F1(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 136.8 Q
+F0(}, the v)A(alue of)-.25 E F1(varname)2.5 E F0
+(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283(In the follo)108
+153.6 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omit\
+ted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .513
(ion operator is)108 165.6 R/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<)3.012 E F0 3.012
(,t)C .512
(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
-3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F
(redirection operator is)108 177.6 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
--2.5 E .825(The w)108 194.4 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
-(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824
-(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .772
-(jected to brace e)108 206.4 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773
-(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .773
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .844
-(sion, quote remo)108 218.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F
-.843(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843
-F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F2(bash)3.343 E F0
-(reports an error)108 230.4 Q(.)-.55 E
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+(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825
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+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462
+(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 218.4 R
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+.867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867
+F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 230.4 S(rd,).1 E F2
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(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 247.2 Q -.15
(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 264 Q F2(>)2.5 E
F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A
E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527
(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F
(output before the standard output w)108 326.4 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E
-F1(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F2(Bash)108 343.2 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
--.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
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+F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
+-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 355.2 Q F2(/de)144 372 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F1(fd)A F0
(If)180 384 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E
2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E
408 Q F2(/de)144 420 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0
(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 432 Q F2(/de)144 444 Q(v/stderr)
-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 456 Q F2(/de)144 468 Q
-(v/tcp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)180 480 Q F1(host)2.996
-E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496(alid hostname or Internet address, and)
--.25 F F1(port)2.997 E F0 .497(is an inte)2.997 F .497
+(v/tcp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)180 480 Q F1(host)2.997
+E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497(alid hostname or Internet address, and)
+-.25 F F1(port)2.996 E F0 .496(is an inte)2.996 F .496
(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E(vice name,)180 492 Q F2(bash)2.5
E F0(attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E
(et.)-.1 E F2(/de)144 504 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0
-(If)180 516 Q F1(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.996 E F0 .496
-(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
+(If)180 516 Q F1(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.997 E F0 .497
+(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
(vice name,)180 528 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.)
-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 544.8 S
(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E
-(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\
-hould be used with care, as the)108 561.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947
-(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F
+(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\
+hould be used with care, as the)108 561.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946
+(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F
(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 573.6 Q(.)-.65 E F2(Redir)87
590.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 631.2 Q([)144 648 Q F1
(n)A F0(])A F2(<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 664.8 Q(ecting Output)
--.18 E F0 .174
+-.18 E F0 .175
(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 676.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175
-(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 688.8
-R F1(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F1(n)3.684 E F0
-.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F
+108 676.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174
+(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 688.8
+R F1(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F1(n)3.684 E F0
+.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F
-.15(ex)108 700.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E
(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 717.6 Q(GNU Bash 4.2)
-72 768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505 E(24)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(24)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
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-SF(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154(If the redirection operator is)108
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-E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)2.654 F F2(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655
-G .155(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108
-112.8 R .658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657
-(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-)
-5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 124.8 R F2(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
+SF(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155(If the redirection operator is)108
+100.8 R F2(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C .155(nd the)-2.655 F F2(noclob)2.655
+E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)2.654 F F2(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654
+G .154(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108
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+(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658
+(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-)
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2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F2(>)2.909 E
F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F2(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409
-(option to the)2.909 F F2(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409
+(option to the)2.909 F F2(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408
(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108
136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
-2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87
-153.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642
+153.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641
(Redirection of output in this f)108 165.6 R .642
-(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473
-(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 177.6 R F1(n)2.973 E F0
+(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474
+(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 177.6 R F1(n)2.974 E F0
2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.334 E F0
-.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.333 E F0
+.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108
189.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
(The general format for appending output is:)108 206.4 Q([)144 223.2 Q
F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 244.8 Q
-(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
+(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
(This construct allo)108 256.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 360 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E
F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 376.8 Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E
F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 393.6 S
-(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
+(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
(This construct allo)108 405.6 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108
Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2
(Her)87 518.4 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\
ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \
-a line containing only)108 530.4 R F1(delimiter)108.35 542.4 Q F0 .614
-(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615
+a line containing only)108 530.4 R F1(delimiter)108.35 542.4 Q F0 .615
+(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615
(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615
F(dard input for a command.)108 554.4 Q
(The format of here-documents is:)108 571.2 Q F2(<<)144 588 Q F0([)A F2
<ad>A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 600 Q(e-document)-.37 E
-(delimiter)144 612 Q F0 .128(No parameter e)108 628.8 R .127
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127
-(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108
-640.8 Q F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G
-1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F1(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E
-F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F1(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774
-(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n)
--3.275 E F1(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905
-(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 652.8 R 3.405(xpanded. If)
--.15 F F1(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904
-(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694
-(subjected to parameter e)108 664.8 R .695
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195
-(xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F
-(character sequence)108 676.8 Q F2(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)
-2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)
-2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602
+(delimiter)144 612 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 628.8 R .302
+(ariable e)-.25 F .302(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15
+F .302(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .226
+(is performed on)108 640.8 R F1(wor)2.726 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.226(.I).77 G
+2.726(fa)-5.226 G .526 -.15(ny c)-2.726 H .226(haracters in).15 F F1
+(wor)3.066 E(d)-.37 E F0 .226(are quoted, the)3.496 F F1(delimiter)3.076
+E F0 .225(is the result of quote remo)3.456 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.725(lo)
+.25 G(n)-2.725 E F1(wor)108 652.8 Q(d)-.37 E F0 2.714(,a).77 G .214
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+(is unquoted, all lines of the here-docu-)2.715 F .673
+(ment are subjected to parameter e)108 664.8 R .673
+(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.173
+(xpansion. In)-.15 F .673(the latter)3.173 F
+(case, the character sequence)108 676.8 Q F2(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0
+(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0
+(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5
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(If the redirection operator is)108 693.6 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101
(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\
and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 705.6 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5
(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E
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144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 129.6 Q F2
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-(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.116(,w).15 G .616
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-(xpansion is not applied, and)-.15 F
-(supplied as a single string to the command on its standard input.)108
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-(The redirection operator)108 170.4 Q([)144 187.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)
-A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127
-(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 204 R(If)5.127 E F2
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+F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 170.4 Q F0(The redirection operator)
+108 182.4 Q([)144 199.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
+.127(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 216 R(If)5.127 E
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(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-216 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
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2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0
.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 228 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor)2.99
+(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 240 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor)2.99
E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0 2.649
<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is closed.)
2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)2.889 F
-(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 240 Q
-(The operator)108 256.8 Q([)144 273.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A
+(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 252 Q
+(The operator)108 268.8 Q([)144 285.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A
(d)-.37 E F0 .443
-(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 290.4 R
+(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 302.4 R
(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444
(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 302.4 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor)
+(tor 1\) is used.)108 314.4 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor)
4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
-utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.596(occurs. As)108 314.4 R 2.596
+utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.596(occurs. As)108 326.4 R 2.596
(as)2.596 G .096(pecial case, if)-2.596 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096
(is omitted, and)2.596 F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)
2.596 F .096(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F
-(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 326.4 Q
-(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 343.2 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0
-(The redirection operator)108 355.2 Q([)144 372 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A
-F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 388.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536
+(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 338.4 Q
+(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 355.2 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0
+(The redirection operator)108 367.2 Q([)144 384 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A
+F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 400.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536
(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536
(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)
-3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2
-(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 400.8 Q F2(digit)5
+(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 412.8 Q F2(digit)5
E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(Similarly)108 417.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
-144 434.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 451.2 Q
+(Similarly)108 429.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
+144 446.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 463.2 Q
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2
(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0
2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286
(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0
-.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 463.2 Q F1
-(Opening File Descriptors f)87 480 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
-(The redirection operator)108 492 Q([)144 508.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)A
+.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 475.2 Q F1
+(Opening File Descriptors f)87 492 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
+(The redirection operator)108 504 Q([)144 520.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)A
F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
-525.6 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349
+537.6 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349
(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor)
-108 537.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G
+108 549.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G
(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 554.4 Q F2(Aliases)108 566.4 Q F0(allo)3.173
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 566.4 Q F2(Aliases)108 578.4 Q F0(allo)3.173
E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674
(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674
(ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\
-ses that may be set and unset with the)108 578.4 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0
+ses that may be set and unset with the)108 590.4 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0
(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2
-F(\(see)108 590.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09
+F(\(see)108 602.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09
E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F
-(check)108 602.4 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473
+(check)108 614.4 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473
(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472
(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A
-F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 614.4 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0
+F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 626.4 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0
1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)
-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112
-(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 626.4 R 1.12
+(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 638.4 R 1.12
(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119
-(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 638.4 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1
+(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 650.4 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1
F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514
(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F
-.296(not e)108 650.4 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
+.296(not e)108 662.4 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1
.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1
-(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 662.4 R
+(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 674.4 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543
(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne)
--3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 674.4 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
+-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 686.4 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15
-E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 691.2 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0
+E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 703.2 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0
(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1
-(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E .284
-(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 708 R .284
-(guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E
-.284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see)
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+(unalias)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E 1.777
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+(guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 4.277(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)4.277 E
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+(2011 September 25)135.955 E(26)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
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-(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u)
-.15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(expand_aliases)3.72 E
-F0 1.22(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 96 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E/F2 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)
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+100.8 R 1.22(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25
+G 3.72(,u).15 G 1.22(nless the)-3.72 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(expand_aliases)3.72 E F0 1.22(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108
+112.8 Q F2(shopt)2.5 E F0(\(see the description of)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E
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2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E .436
(The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108
-112.8 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1
+129.6 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F2(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1
(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337
-(one complete line of input before e)108 124.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338
+(one complete line of input before e)108 141.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338
(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338
(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338
-(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 136.8 S .904
+(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 153.6 S .904
(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404
(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904
(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161
-(another command does not tak)108 148.8 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662
+(another command does not tak)108 165.6 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662
G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F
1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277
-(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 160.8 R .277
+(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 177.6 R .277
(fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha)
2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108
-172.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F
+189.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F
.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\
n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .495
-(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 184.8
+(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 201.6
R .494(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a func-)5.494 F .084
-(tion are not a)108 196.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084
+(tion are not a)108 213.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G .084
(ilable until after that function is e).25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.584
(cuted. T).15 F 2.584(ob)-.8 G 2.584(es)-2.584 G .084(afe, al)-2.584 F
-.1(wa)-.1 G .085(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F
-(rate line, and do not use)108 208.8 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0
-(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 225.6 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)
+(rate line, and do not use)108 225.6 Q F2(alias)2.5 E F0
+(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 242.4 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)
-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 242.4 Q F0 3.468(As)108 254.4 S .968
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCTIONS)72 259.2 Q F0 3.468(As)108 271.2 S .968
(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
-H(nder).15 E F2 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0
-.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 266.4 R
+H(nder).15 E F1 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0
+.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 283.2 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\
ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316
-(mands associated with that function name is e)108 278.4 R -.15(xe)-.15
+(mands associated with that function name is e)108 295.2 R -.15(xe)-.15
G 2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315
(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035
-(shell; no ne)108 290.4 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036
+(shell; no ne)108 307.2 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036
(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036
-F .64(function is e)108 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F
+F .64(function is e)108 319.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F
.639
(guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e)
--.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 314.4
-R F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532
-(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F
-.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 326.4 Q F2(FUNCN)2.5 E
+-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 331.2
+R F2(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532
+(Special parameter)5.532 F F2(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F
+.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 343.2 Q F1(FUNCN)2.5 E
(AME)-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G
(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E 1.25(All other aspects of the shell e)108
-343.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25
+360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25(cution en).15 F 1.25
(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F
-1.048(these e)108 355.2 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F2(DEB)3.548 E(UG)
--.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F1(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048
-(traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F1(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.548 G 1.048(iltin under).2 F F2(SHELL)3.549 E -.09(BU)108 367.2 S(IL)
-.09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479
+1.048(these e)108 372 R 3.548(xceptions: the)-.15 F F1(DEB)3.548 E(UG)
+-.09 E F0(and)3.298 E F2(RETURN)3.548 E F0 1.048
+(traps \(see the description of the)3.548 F F2(trap)3.548 E F0 -.2(bu)
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+E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479
(w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F1(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E
-.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 379.2 R F2(declar)
-2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)
--.25 F F1 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42
-(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F1(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu)
-108 391.2 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F1
-(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F1(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072
-(traps\), and the)2.572 F F2(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321
-F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 403.2 Q F1(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0
-(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 420 S .655
-(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F1(local)
+-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E
+.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 396 R F1(declar)2.92
+E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)-.25 F
+F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42
+(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu)
+108 408 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2
+(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072
+(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321
+F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 420 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0
+(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 436.8 S .655
+(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local)
3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E
-3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 432 Q
+3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F(their v)108 448.8 Q
(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 E(.)-.55 E
-(The)108 448.8 Q F1(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028
+(The)108 465.6 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0 -.25(va)3.529 G 1.028
(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028
(alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108
-460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
+477.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
(cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.)
--.15 E .043(If the b)108 477.6 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F1 -.18(re)
+-.15 E .043(If the b)108 494.4 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re)
2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043
(cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 489.6 R 1.012
+.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 506.4 R 1.012
(xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G
-1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F1(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011
-(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 501.6 R
+1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011
+(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 518.4 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213
(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214
(alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter)
-108 513.6 Q F1(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E
+108 530.4 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E
2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)
-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359
-(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 530.4 R F1
-<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F1(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E
-F0(or)3.858 E F1(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F
-3.39(mands. The)108 542.4 R F1<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F1
-(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F1(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89
+(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 547.2 R F2
+<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E
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+3.39(mands. The)108 559.2 R F2<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2
+(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89
(will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F
-.327(\214le and line number)108 554.4 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G
-(he)-2.827 E F1(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326
+.327(\214le and line number)108 571.2 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G
+(he)-2.827 E F2(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326
(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326
-(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 566.4 R
-1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F
1<ad66>3.797 E
-F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F1(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798
+(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 583.2 R
+1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F
2<ad66>3.797 E
+F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F2(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798
(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F .161
-(deleted using the)108 5
78.4 R F1<ad66>2.661 E F0 .161(option to the)
-2.661 F F1(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16
+(deleted using the)108 5
95.2 R F2<ad66>2.661 E F0 .161(option to the)
+2.661 F F2(unset)2.661 E F0 -.2(bu)2.661 G 2.661(iltin. Note).2 F .16
(that shell functions and v)2.661 F .16(ariables with the same name)-.25
F 1.325(may result in multiple identically-named entries in the en)108
-590.4 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825
-(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 602.4 Q
+607.2 R 1.325(vironment passed to the shell')-.4 F 3.825(sc)-.55 G 3.825
+(hildren. Care)-3.825 F(should be tak)108 619.2 Q
(en in cases where this may cause a problem.)-.1 E .372
-(Functions may be recursi)108 619.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)
--5.371 E F1(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371
+(Functions may be recursi)108 636 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)
+-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871 E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371
(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141
-(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 631.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G
+(stack and restrict the number of function in)108 648 R -.2(vo)-.4 G
3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141
-(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 643.2 Q .3
--.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E F3(ARITHMETIC EV)72 660 Q(ALU)-1.478 E
--1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 672 R 2.297
+(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 660 Q .3
+-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E F3(ARITHMETIC EV)72 676.8 Q(ALU)-1.478 E
+-1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298(The shell allo)108 688.8 R 2.297
(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
-2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F1(let)4.797 E
-F0(and)4.797 E F1(declar)108 684 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.705 G .205
-(iltin commands and).2 F F1 .205(Arithmetic Expansion)2.705 F F0 2.705
+2.297(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.797 E
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(\). Ev)B .205(aluation is done in \214x)-.25 F .206(ed-width inte)-.15
-F .206(gers with no)-.15 F .429(check for o)108 696 R -.15(ve)-.15 G
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(r\215o).15 E 1.729 -.65(w, t)-.25 H .429(hough di).65 F .428
(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F 5.428(.T)-.55 G
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(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F 1.92(The follo)6.92 F
-1.92(wing list of operators is)-.25 F(grouped into le)108 720 Q -.15(ve)
--.25 G(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(id)108 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(++)A F1
-(id)2.5 E F2<adad>A F0 -.25(va)144 96 S
-(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2(++)108 108 Q F1(id)A
-F2<adad>2.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 120 S
-(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 132 S F0
-(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F2 2.5(!~)108 144 S F0
-(logical and bitwise ne)24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108 156
-Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 168 S F0
-(multiplication, di)10.72 E(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad>108 180
-S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F2(<< >>)108 192 Q F0
-(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F2(<= >= < >)108 204 Q F0
-(comparison)144 216 Q F2(== !=)108 228 Q F0(equality and inequality)
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+-.35 E(grouped into le)108 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 E(The le)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
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+(riable post-increment and post-decrement).25 E F2(++)108 124.8 Q F1(id)
+A F2<adad>2.5 E F1(id)A F0 -.25(va)144 136.8 S
+(riable pre-increment and pre-decrement).25 E F2 2.5<ad2b>108 148.8 S F0
+(unary minus and plus)19.6 E F2 2.5(!~)108 160.8 S F0
+(logical and bitwise ne)24.34 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(tion).05 E F2(**)108
+172.8 Q F0 -.15(ex)26 G(ponentiation).15 E F2 2.5(*/%)108 184.8 S F0
+(multiplication, di)10.72 E(vision, remainder)-.25 E F2 2.5<2bad>108
+196.8 S F0(addition, subtraction)19.6 E F2(<< >>)108 208.8 Q F0
+(left and right bitwise shifts)10.7 E F2(<= >= < >)108 220.8 Q F0
+(comparison)144 232.8 Q F2(== !=)108 244.8 Q F0(equality and inequality)
+13.07 E F2(&)108 256.8 Q F0(bitwise AND)27.67 E F2(^)108 268.8 Q F0
(bitwise e)32.67 E(xclusi)-.15 E .3 -.15(ve O)-.25 H(R).15 E F2(|)108
-264 Q F0(bitwise OR)33.8 E F2(&&)108 276 Q F0(logical AND)19.34 E F2(||)
-108 288 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E F1 -.2(ex)108 300 S(pr).2 E F2(?)A F1 -.2
-(ex)C(pr).2 E F2(:)A F1 -.2(ex)C(pr).2 E F0(conditional operator)144 312
-Q F2 2.5(=*)108 324 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G 2.5(=%)-2.5 G 2.5(=+)-2.5 G 2.5
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-Q F1 -.2(ex)108 348 S(pr1).2 E F2(,)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0
-(comma)144 360 Q .68(Shell v)108 376.8 R .68(ariables are allo)-.25 F
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+(||)108 304.8 Q F0(logical OR)31.6 E F1 -.2(ex)108 316.8 S(pr).2 E F2(?)
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+(conditional operator)144 328.8 Q F2 2.5(=*)108 340.8 S 2.5(=/)-2.5 G
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(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F
--.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 388.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4
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F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007
(ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter)
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1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25
(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466
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(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25
(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.39
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(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.889(nt).15 G(he)
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2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832
(As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632
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-2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 448.8 Q
+2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 465.6 Q
(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406
-(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 465.6
+(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 482.4
R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.)
--.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 477.6 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112
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(he form [)-2.612 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base)
2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534
-(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 489.6 R F1(n)3.034 E F0 .534
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(wercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _, in that)-.25 F(order)
-108 513.6 Q 5.671(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.671 E F1(base)3.171 E F0 .671
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(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.171 F .67
(wercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to)-.25 F
-(represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 525.6 Q .234(Operators are e)
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+(represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 542.4 Q .234(Operators are e)
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(Sub-e)5.234 E .234(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25
-G .235(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 554.4 S
+G .235(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 571.2 S
(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95
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2.755 E F0 .255(compound command and the)2.755 F F2(test)2.755 E F0(and)
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-.77(\214le attrib)108 595.2 R .77
+.77(\214le attrib)108 612 R .77
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-(with this job is 25647.)108 96 R .733
+-.35 E(that looks lik)108 84 Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 100.8 Q .241(indi\
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(All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job)
5.732 F(.)-.4 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)5.733 E F0(uses)3.233 E(the)
-108 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(job)4.24 E F0
+108 141.6 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(job)4.24 E F0
(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.063 -.8(To f)108
-124.8 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 F 1.462
+158.4 T 1.463(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7 F 1.462
(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F .87
-(notion of a)108 136.8 R F2(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871
+(notion of a)108 170.4 R F2(curr)3.37 E .87(ent terminal pr)-.37 F .871
(ocess gr)-.45 F .871(oup ID)-.45 F F0 5.871(.M)C .871
(embers of this process group \(processes whose process)-5.871 F .023
(group ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID\) recei)108
-148.8 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
+182.4 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
(board-generated signals such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG-)2.522 E
-(INT)108 160.8 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.346
+(INT)108 194.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 1.346
(These processes are said to be in the)5.846 F F2(for)3.847 E -.4(eg)
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-(group ID dif)108 172.8 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
+(group ID dif)108 206.4 R .146(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
(s; such processes are immune to k)-.55 F -.15(ey)-.1 G .145
(board-generated signals.).15 F .145(Only fore-)5.145 F .16
-(ground processes are allo)108 184.8 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F
+(ground processes are allo)108 218.4 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F
2.66(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F5
10/Courier@0 SF .16(stty tostop)2.66 F F0 2.66(,w)C .16(rite to the ter)
--2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 196.8 R .551
+-2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.052(minal. Background)108 230.4 R .551
(processes which attempt to read from \(write to when)3.052 F F5 .551
(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .551(is in ef)3.051 F .551(fect\) the)-.25 F
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(OU\))-.162 E F0 .718(signal by the k)2.967 F(ernel')-.1 E 3.218(st)-.55
G .718(erminal dri)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.518 -.4(r, w).15 H .718
-(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 220.8 Q 1.088
-(If the operating system on which)108 237.6 R F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088
+(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 254.4 Q 1.088
+(If the operating system on which)108 271.2 R F1(bash)3.588 E F0 1.088
(is running supports job control,)3.588 F F1(bash)3.587 E F0 1.087
-(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 249.6 S
+(contains f)3.587 F 1.087(acilities to use it.)-.1 F -.8(Ty)108 283.2 S
.301(ping the).8 F F2(suspend)3.141 E F0 .301(character \(typically)
3.571 F F1(^Z)2.801 E F0 2.801(,C)C .301
(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801
-F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 261.6 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0
+F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 295.2 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0
7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F2 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0
2.142(character \(typically)5.412 F F1(^Y)4.642 E F0 4.642(,C)C
(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\
mpts to read input from the terminal, and control to be returned)108
-273.6 R(to)108 285.6 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892
+307.2 R(to)108 319.2 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892
(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F
F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894
-(background, the)108 297.6 R F1(fg)3.394 E F0 .895
+(background, the)108 331.2 R F1(fg)3.394 E F0 .895
(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F
F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F1(^Z)
-3.395 E F0(tak)3.395 E(es)-.1 E(ef)108 309.6 Q .949(fect immediately)
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-.25 F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948
(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.)
-108 321.6 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 338.4 R .777
+108 355.2 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 372 R .777
(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1
-(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 350.4
-Q F2(jobspec)A F0 3.458(\). Job)B(number)3.458 E F2(n)3.818 E F0 .957
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(may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957
(job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\
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-E 5.964(.I)-.4 G 3.463(fap)-5.964 G .963
+108 396 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E F0
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(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F1(%?ce)3.463 E
F0 3.463(,o)C 3.463(nt)-3.463 G .963(he other)-3.463 F .086
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+(hand, refers to an)108 420 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087
(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087
(in its command line.)2.587 F .087
-(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 398.4 Q F1
-(bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018
+(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 432 Q F1(bash)
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(he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018
(refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F
F2(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is)
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+-2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 444 R .495
(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F
(The)5.495 E F2(pr)4.245 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .495(ious job).15 F F0 .495
-(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 422.4 R F1<25ad>3.288 E F0
-5.788(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F1
-(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .787
+(may be)3.225 F .788(referenced using)108 456 R F1<25ad>3.288 E F0 5.788
+(.I)C 3.288(ft)-5.788 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.288 F F1(%+)
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(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.787(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.787 E
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+.256(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 468 R F1
(jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa)
-.1 G .257(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.757 E F0(,)A .411
-(and the pre)108 4
46.4 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.911 E F0
+(and the pre)108 4
80 R .411(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.911 E F0
5.411(.A)C .411(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .41
(ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(rent job)108 458.4 Q(.)-.4 E .443
-(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 475.2 R
+(rent job)108 492 Q(.)-.4 E .443
+(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 508.8 R
(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for)
-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C
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-487.2 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472
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(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F
-(equi)108 499.2 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
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-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally)
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(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158
-(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 528 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G
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(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F1<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157
-(option to)2.657 F(the)108 540 Q F1(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G 1.451
-(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)3.951 E F0 1.452
+(option to)2.657 F(the)108 573.6 Q F1(set)3.951 E F0 -.2(bu)3.951 G
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(reports such changes immediately)3.951 F 6.452(.A)-.65 G 1.752 -.15
(ny t)-6.452 H 1.452(rap on).15 F F3(SIGCHLD)3.952 E F0(is)3.702 E -.15
-(exe)108 552 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E(xits.)-.15 E .033
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(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019
(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02
(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02
(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108
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(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a)
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(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604
(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E
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(the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F1($0)2.5 E F0
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--.25 E F1(\\!)144 336 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1
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F2(nnn)A F0(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F2
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-(control sequence into the prompt)180 408 Q F1(\\])144 420 Q F0
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on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\
-story \214le \(see)108 448.8 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
-(belo)108 460.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\
+story \214le \(see)108 472.8 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
+(belo)108 484.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\
the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54
-(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 472.8 R
+(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 496.8 R
.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546
(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F
-.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 484.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
+.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 508.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1
(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852
-F(description of the)108 496.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
+F(description of the)108 520.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)
--.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 513.6 Q F0 .15
+-.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 537.6 Q F0 .15
(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
-108 525.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1
-(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 537.6 R
+108 549.6 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F F1
+(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209(is gi)108 561.6 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209(hell in)-3.709 F
-.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208
(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F1<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208
(option to the)3.708 F F1 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G
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+3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 573.6 Q .851
(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F
3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852
-(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 561.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
+(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 585.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)
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-(\(see)108 573.6 Q F3 .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E .762(TIN COMMANDS)
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(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.263 E
-(emacs)108 585.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
-(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 602.4 Q
+(emacs)108 609.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
+(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 626.4 Q
F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k)
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+108 638.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A
-1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 626.4 R(Similarly)6.152 E(,)
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-.05 F F2 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653(oM)-3.653 G 1.153
-(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)108 638.4 S .831
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(yboards without a)-.05 F F2(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)3.591 G 2.131 -.65
(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F2(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F F2(x)3.331 E F0
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(hen the).15 F F2(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65(y. T)-.05 H .83
-(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 650.4 R F2 .599(meta pr)3.099 F
+(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 674.4 R F2 .599(meta pr)3.099 F
(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F2
(x)A F0 .599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F2(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099
(rp)-3.099 G .6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6
-(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 662.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
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(hile pressing the).15 E F2(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\))
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.4 G 3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne)
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(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F1
-(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 96 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F
-.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F1
+(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 112.8 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529
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-(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567
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.091(Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization \
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(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which uses the readline library starts up\
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-(ey b)-.1 H 1.034(indings and).15 F -.25(va)108 184.8 S 1.149
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G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.15
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3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987
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(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F1
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-(In addition to command names, readline allo)108 352.8 R .209(ws k)-.25
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-(meta pre\214x)18.08 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505 E(35)
-200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 710.4 Q
+(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(35)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\e)144 84 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E
-F1(\\\\)144 96 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\")144 108 Q F0(literal ")
-27.67 E F1<5c08>144 120 Q F0(literal \010)30.44 E(In addition to the GN\
-U Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)
-108 136.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(\\a)144 148.8 Q F0
-(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 160.8 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\d)
-144 172.8 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F1(\\f)144 184.8 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1
-(\\n)144 196.8 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 208.8 Q F0
-(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 220.8 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1
-(\\v)144 232.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 244.8 Q
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22
-E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
-(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 256.8 Q F2(HH)A F0
-(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E
-(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
--.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142(When entering the te)108
-273.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used to in\
-dicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089(Unquoted te)108 285.6 R .089
-(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .09(In the macro body)5.089
-F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G(are e)108 297.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5
-E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E
-(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 314.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43
-(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429
-(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0
--.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045
-(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 326.4 R .345 -.15
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<5c43ad>144 84 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E
+F1<5c4dad>144 96 Q F0(meta pre\214x)18.08 E F1(\\e)144 108 Q F0
+(an escape character)28.78 E F1(\\\\)144 120 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1
+(\\")144 132 Q F0(literal ")27.67 E F1<5c08>144 144 Q F0(literal \010)
+30.44 E(In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second s\
+et of backslash escapes is a)108 160.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1
+(\\a)144 172.8 Q F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 184.8 Q F0
+(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\d)144 196.8 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F1(\\f)144 208.8
+Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1(\\n)144 220.8 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1
+(\\r)144 232.8 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 244.8 Q F0
+(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 256.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G
+(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 268.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0
+(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E
+(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144
+280.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E
+(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0
+(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142
+(When entering the te)108 297.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\
+ quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089
+(Unquoted te)108 309.6 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15
+F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09
+(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108
+321.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G
+(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E
+F1(Bash)108 338.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F
+.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the)
+.15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045
+(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 350.4 R .345 -.15
(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046
(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046
-(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 338.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
+(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 362.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
-(Readline V)87 355.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 367.2
+(Readline V)87 379.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 391.2
R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043
-(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 379.2 Q(c)-.37 E
-F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 396 Q F2
+(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 403.2 Q(c)-.37 E
+F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 420 Q F2
(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108
-412.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F
+436.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F
(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79
(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)
-5.79 E .449(nized v)108 424.8 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F
+5.79 E .449(nized v)108 448.8 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F
.448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448
(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)
--.25 F(ti)108 436.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467(\), and "1" are equi).15 F
+-.25 F(ti)108 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467(\), and "1" are equi).15 F
-.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468
(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468
(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468(he v)-5.468 F .468
-(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 448.8 S(lues are:)
-.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 465.6 Q F0 .011
-(Controls what happens when readline w)144 477.6 R .011
+(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 472.8 S(lues are:)
+.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 489.6 Q F0 .011
+(Controls what happens when readline w)144 501.6 R .011
(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51
E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94
-(rings the bell.)144 489.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0
+(rings the bell.)144 513.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0
3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va)
-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A
-(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 501.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.)
--2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 513.6 Q F0 .056
-(If set to)144 525.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\
+(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 525.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.)
+-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 537.6 Q F0 .056
+(If set to)144 549.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\
s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F
-(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 537.6 Q -.15
+(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 561.6 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)
--.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 549.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))
--.63 E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 561.6 R
+-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 573.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))
+-.63 E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 585.6 R
F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 573.6 Q F1
+3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 597.6 Q F1
(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0
-(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 585.6 Q
-(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 597.6 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5
+(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 609.6 Q
+(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 621.6 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5
(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\
insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr)
-108 609.6 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\
+108 633.6 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\
in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions\
- that is displayed)144 621.6 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 633.6 R
+ that is displayed)144 645.6 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 657.6 R
1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274
(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275
-(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 645.6 S(lue are replaced with a\
+(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 669.6 S(lue are replaced with a\
n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1
-(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 657.6 Q F0 .53
-(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 669.6 R .529
+(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 681.6 Q F0 .53
+(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 693.6 R .529
(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the)
-144 681.6 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F
+144 705.6 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F
.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v)
--.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 693.6 R
+-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 717.6 R
.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \
-the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 705.6 S .237
+the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 729.6 S .237
(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)
-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G
-.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 717.6 Q
-(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505 E(36)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)
+135.955 E(36)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(con)108 84 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G
-(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.113 E F0
-3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613
+-.35 E(on the terminal.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(con)108 96 Q -.1
+(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 108 R F1(On)3.113
+E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613
(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15
(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541
(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
-144 108 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-.542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 120 Q F0(\).)A F1
-(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 132 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 144 R F1
+144 120 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+.542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 132 Q F0(\).)A F1
+(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 156 R F1
(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038
(ord completion.)-.1 F .038
(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the)
-144 156 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0
-(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 168 Q F0 .141
-(Controls whether readline be)144 180 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
+144 168 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0
+(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 180 Q F0 .141
+(Controls whether readline be)144 192 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0
(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0
-(can be set to either)144 192 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 204 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0
-1.211(When set to)144 216 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711
+(can be set to either)144 204 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 216 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0
+1.211(When set to)144 228 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711
G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21
(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F
-(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 228 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 240 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892
-(When set to)144 252 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
+(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 240 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
+(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 252 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892
+(When set to)144 264 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F
-(tems need this to enable the arro)144 264 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
-G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 276 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
-(When set to)144 288 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
+(tems need this to enable the arro)144 276 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
+G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 288 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
+(When set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
(eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64
(eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64
-(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 300 Q
+(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 312 Q
(On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H
2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1
-(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 312 Q F0(If set to)144 324 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0
+(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 324 Q F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0
2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)
--.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 336 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
-(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 348 R F1(On)
+-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 348 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
+(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 360 R F1(On)
3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \
-the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 360 Q -.15
+the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 372 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G
(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(history\255size \(0\))108 372 Q F0 .463
-(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 384 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
+(history\255size \(0\))108 384 Q F0 .463
+(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 396 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 F .462
(If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F
-(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 396 Q F1
-(horizontal\255scr)108 408 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448
-(When set to)144 420 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448
+(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 408 Q F1
+(horizontal\255scr)108 420 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448
+(When set to)144 432 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448
(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449
(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\
when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\
- ne)144 432 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 444 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 456
-Q F0 .227(If set to)144 468 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \
+ ne)144 444 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 456 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 468
+Q F0 .227(If set to)144 480 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \
will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\
-rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 480 R -.05
+rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 492 R -.05
(ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F
.956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F
-(synon)144 492 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 504 Q
+(synon)144 504 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 516 Q
(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\
The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\
-thout subsequently e)144 516 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935
-(ing the character as a command.)144 528 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935
+thout subsequently e)144 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935
+(ing the character as a command.)144 540 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935
(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934
-(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 540 Q F2
+(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 552 Q F2
(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)
-108 552 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 564
+108 564 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 576
R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021
(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021
(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069
-(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 576 R F0 2.568(,a)C
+(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 588 R F0 2.568(,a)C
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(ey s)-.1 H .174
(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15
F -.15(xe)-.15 G .174(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.174 G(r).15 E
-.54(instance, a)108 448.8 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541
+.54(instance, a)108 484.8 R F2(ne)3.04 E(wline)-.15 E F0 .541
(will terminate the search and accept the line, thereby e)3.04 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .541(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108
-460.8 Q .653(Readline remembers the last incremental search string.)108
-477.6 R .653(If tw)5.653 F 3.153(oC)-.1 G .653
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-(en-)-.15 E(ing characters de\214ning a ne)108 489.6 Q 2.5(ws)-.25 G
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-(The follo)108 547.2 R 1.391
+rent line.)108 554.4 Q F1(Readline Command Names)87 571.2 Q F0 1.392
+(The follo)108 583.2 R 1.391
(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391
(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F
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(names without an accompan)2.621 F .121(ying k)-.15 F .421 -.15(ey s)-.1
H .122(equence are unbound by def).15 F 2.622(ault. In)-.1 F .122
-(the follo)2.622 F(wing)-.25 E(descriptions,)108 571.2 Q F2(point)3.411
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E F0 .911(refers to the current cursor position, and)3.411 F F2(mark)
3.411 E F0 .91(refers to a cursor position sa)3.411 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.41
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(command. The)2.5 F(te)2.5 E
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(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he start of the current line.)-2.5 E F1
-(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 636 Q F0(Mo)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ve t)
--.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the line.)-2.5 E F1 -.25(fo)108 660 S
-(rward\255char \(C\255f\)).25 E F0(Mo)144 672 Q .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H(orw)
-.15 E(ard a character)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(backward\255char \(C\255b\))108
-684 Q F0(Mo)144 696 Q .3 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ack a character).15 E(.)-.55 E
-(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505 E(39)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+(end\255of\255line \(C\255e\))108 672 Q F0(Mo)144 684 Q .3 -.15(ve t)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
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(ord. W)-.1 F 1.41(ords are composed of alphanumeric)-.8 F
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-204 Q .909 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .609(ack to the start of the current or pre)
+(ters.)144 204 Q F1(shell\255backward\255w)108 216 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Mo)144
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(ving the current line at the top of the screen.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.993 G
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-(current line without clearing the screen.)144 252 Q F1 -.18(re)108 264
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-(Fetch the pre)144 364.8 Q(vious command from the history list, mo)-.25
-E(ving back in the list.)-.15 E F1(next\255history \(C\255n\))108 376.8
-Q F0(Fetch the ne)144 388.8 Q(xt command from the history list, mo)-.15
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E(ving forw)-.15 E(ard in the list.)-.1 E F1
-(beginning\255of\255history \(M\255<\))108 400.8 Q F0(Mo)144 412.8 Q .3
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--.65 E F1(end\255of\255history \(M\255>\))108 424.8 Q F0(Mo)144 436.8 Q
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.3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 2.5(ot).15 G(he end of the input history)-2.5 E 2.5
(,i)-.65 G(.e., the line currently being entered.)-2.5 E F1 -2.29 -.18
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(ving `up' through the history as necessary)-.15 F(.)-.65 E
-(This is an incremental search.)144 472.8 Q F1 -.25(fo)108 484.8 S
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-(ord from the end of)-.1 F .281(the pre)144 712.8 R .281(vious command.)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
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-(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507
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H .492(hrough the history).15 F 5.491(.A)-.65 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G
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(ument switches the direction).18 F .494
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(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.)
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(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457
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Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E
(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)
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(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144
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(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729
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(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G
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(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
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3.025(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-)
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(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
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(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F
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+(Add this digit to the ar)144 196.8 R .641
(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18
(rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-)
--.15 E(ati)144 172.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
-(uni)108 184.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778
-(This is another w)144 196.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
+-.15 E(ati)144 208.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
+(uni)108 220.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778
+(This is another w)144 232.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779
(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
-208.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
-220.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
+244.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
+256.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17
(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 232.8 R .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 268.8 R .898
(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898
(wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243
-(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 244.8 R .243
+(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 280.8 R .243
(gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 256.8 Q .378
+-.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 292.8 Q .378
(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378
(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F
-.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 268.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)
+.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 304.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)
-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1
-(Completing)87 285.6 Q(complete \(T)108 297.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
-(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 309.6 R 1.137
+(Completing)87 321.6 Q(complete \(T)108 333.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
+(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 345.6 R 1.137
(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 321.6 Q .533(xt as a v)
+(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 357.6 Q .533(xt as a v)
-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F
.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 333.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
+144 369.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702
(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
-(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 345.6 Q F1
-(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 357.6 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 369.6 Q(xt before point.)
--.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 381.6 Q F0 .783
-(Insert all completions of the te)144 393.6 R .783
+(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 381.6 Q F1
+(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 393.6 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 405.6 Q(xt before point.)
+-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 417.6 Q F0 .783
+(Insert all completions of the te)144 429.6 R .783
(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144
-405.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 417.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144
-429.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628
+441.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 453.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144
+465.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628
F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F
-1.194(possible completions.)144 441.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15
+1.194(possible completions.)144 477.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193
(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828
-(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 453.6 R .828
+(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 489.6 R .828
(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
-(\(subject to the setting of)144 465.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
+(\(subject to the setting of)144 501.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F
.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227
E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73
-(positions forw)144 477.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
+(positions forw)144 513.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73
(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1
-E(through the list.)144 489.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)
+E(through the list.)144 525.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)
5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E
-(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 501.6 Q F0 .82
-(Identical to)144 513.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82
+(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 537.6 Q F0 .82
+(Identical to)144 549.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82
(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82
(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1
-(menu\255complete)144 525.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(menu\255complete)144 561.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg)
.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E
-F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 537.6 Q F0 .234
-(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 549.6 R
+F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 573.6 Q F0 .234
+(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 585.6 R
.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)
-2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 561.6 R -.15
+2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 597.6 R -.15
(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1
(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425
-(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 573.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1
-(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 585.6 Q F0
-(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 597.6 Q(xt before point.)
--.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 609.6 Q
-F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 621.6 Q
+(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 609.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1
+(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 621.6 Q F0
+(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 633.6 Q(xt before point.)
+-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 645.6 Q
+F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255user)108 633.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 645.6 Q
+(complete\255user)108 669.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 681.6 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user)
-108 657.6 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 669.6 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108
-681.6 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144
-693.6 Q(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-F1(possible\255v)108 705.6 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E
-F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505 E(43)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+108 693.6 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 705.6 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768
+Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(43)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 84 Q F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 96 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 108 Q F0
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255v)108 84 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))
+-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 96 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
+(possible\255v)108 108 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
(List the possible completions of the te)144 120 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
+(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 132 Q F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 144 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
+(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 156 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 132 Q F0 .58
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 144 R .581
+(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 180 Q F0 .58
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 192 R .581
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581
-(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 156 R
+(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 204 R
.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F
-(\214nally e)144 168 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(\214nally e)144 216 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 180 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 192 Q
+(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 228 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 240 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 204 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 216 R .425
+(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 252 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 264 R .425
(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425
(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
-(for possible completion matches.)144 228 Q F1(dab)108 240 Q(br)-.1 E
+(for possible completion matches.)144 276 Q F1(dab)108 288 Q(br)-.1 E
-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611
-(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 252 R .611
+(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 300 R .611
(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61
(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
-(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 264 Q F1
-(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 276 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
+(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 312 Q F1
+(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 324 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\
-in braces so)144 288 R(the list is a)144 300 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
+in braces so)144 336 R(the list is a)144 348 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 316.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
-E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 328.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
-.833 E F0(Be)144 340.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 364.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
+E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 376.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
+.833 E F0(Be)144 388.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 352.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
-(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 364.8 Q
+(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 400.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
+(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 412.8 Q
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1
-(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 376.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
-E F0(Re-e)144 388.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1
+(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 424.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
+E F0(Re-e)144 436.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1
G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\
-ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 400.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1
-(Miscellaneous)87 4
17.6 Q -.18(re)108 429.6 S<ad72>.18 E
+ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 448.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1
+(Miscellaneous)87 4
65.6 Q -.18(re)108 477.6 S<ad72>.18 E
(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776
-(Read in the contents of the)144 441.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
+(Read in the contents of the)144 489.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)
-.15 G 1.777(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F
-(found there.)144 453.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 465.6 Q F0 3.249
-(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 477.6 R
+(found there.)144 501.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 513.6 Q F0 3.249
+(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 525.6 R
5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1
-(bell\255style)144 489.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 501.6 Q
+(bell\255style)144 537.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 549.6 Q
(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)
-C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 513.6 R F2(x)
+C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 561.6 R F2(x)
4.255 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.255 F 1.756
(wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F
-(uppercase character)144 525.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 537.6 Q
-(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 549.6 Q
+(uppercase character)144 573.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 585.6 Q
+(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 597.6 Q
(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0
(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 561.6 Q F0
-(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 573.6 Q F1
--2.29 -.18(re v)108 585.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095
-(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 597.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095
+(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 609.6 Q F0
+(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 621.6 Q F1
+-2.29 -.18(re v)108 633.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095
+(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 645.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095
F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E
F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F
-(return the line to its initial state.)144 609.6 Q F1
-(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 621.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 633.6 Q
+(return the line to its initial state.)144 657.6 Q F1
+(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 669.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 681.6 Q
(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1
-(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 645.6 Q F0
-(Set the mark to the point.)144 657.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
-(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1
-(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 669.6 Q F0(Sw)
-144 681.6 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
-(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa)
-144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
-(character\255sear)108 705.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144
-717.6 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
-(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
-144 729.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)
-151.505 E(44)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 693.6 Q F0
+(Set the mark to the point.)144 705.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
+(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E
+(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(44)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(character\255sear)108 84 Q
-(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 96 S 1.043
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 84 Q F0(Sw)144
+96 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
+(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
+2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa)
+144 108 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
+(character\255sear)108 120 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 132 S
+.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt)
+.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
+(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
+144 144 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 156 Q
+(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 168 S 1.043
(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044
(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 108 Q F1
-(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 120 Q F0 1.827
-(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 132 R 2.126 -.15(ey s)
+(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 180 Q F1
+(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 192 Q F0 1.827
+(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 204 R 2.126 -.15(ey s)
-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 144 R .791
+4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 216 R .791
(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791
(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F
-.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 156 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831
+.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 228 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831
(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n)
-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-)
-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\
-y characters into the editing b)144 168 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)
--.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 180 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
+y characters into the editing b)144 240 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)
+-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 252 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108
-192 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 204 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481
+264 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 276 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481
(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1
(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48
-(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 216 Q .097
+(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 288 Q .097
(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.097 F .098
(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.098 E
-.322(the characters at the be)144 228 R .321
+.322(the characters at the be)144 300 R .321
(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1
(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is)
--.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 240 R F1
+-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 312 R F1
(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832
(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469
-(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 252 R 1.468
+(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 324 R 1.468
(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F
-1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 264 Q F0 .839
+1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 336 Q F0 .839
(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F
-(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 276 Q -.15
+(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 348 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 288 Q
-(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 300 R .791
+(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 360 Q
+(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 372 R .791
(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791
-(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 312
-R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\
-ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 324 Q
-(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .371(The w)144 336 R .372
-(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .372
-(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516
-(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 348 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
+(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 384
+R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\
+le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 396 Q(ord \(C\255x *\))
+-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 408 R .176
+(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176
+(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516
+(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 420 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516
(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e)
-144 360 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
-108 372 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 384 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
+144 432 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
+108 444 Q F0 .923(The list of e)144 456 R .923(xpansions that w)-.15 F
.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1
(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F
-.872(the line is redra)144 396 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
+.872(the line is redra)144 468 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
-(ex)144 408 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 420 Q F0 .626
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 432 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
+(ex)144 480 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 492 Q F0 .626
+(Print all of the functions and their k)144 504 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar)
5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 444 Q
+(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 516 Q
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
-2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 456 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
-1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 468 R 1.799
+2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 528 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
+1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 540 R 1.799
(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 480 R .304
+-.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 552 R .304
(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 492 Q(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 504 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593
-(Print all of the readline k)144 516 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 564 Q(c)-.37 E F0
+(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 576 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593
+(Print all of the readline k)144 588 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G
-3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 528 Q
+3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 600 Q
.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)144 540 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 552 Q
-(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 564 Q
+(\214le.)144 612 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 624 Q
+(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 636 Q
(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 580.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108
-592.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
+F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 652.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108
+664.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
-F2(compspec)108 604.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329
+F2(compspec)108 676.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329
(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829
F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the)
--.25 F(programmable completion f)108 616.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
+-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 688.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498
-(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 633.6 R .498
+(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 705.6 R .498
(If the command w)5.498 F .497
(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108
-645.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
+717.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to)
2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-)
5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \
-used to generate the list of possible completions)108 657.6 R .822
-(for the w)108 669.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F
-.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\
-ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 681.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\
-r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\
-rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 693.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298
-(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15
-G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F1<ad44>2.799 E F0(option to)
-108 705.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E
-.817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\
- matching w)108 722.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817
-(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505 E(45)
-200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+used to generate the list of possible completions)108 729.6 R
+(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(45)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(found, the def)108 84 Q(ault)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.5
-E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
+-.35 E .822(for the w)108 84 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)
+3.322 F .823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname i\
+s searched for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 96 R .366(no compspec is fou\
+nd for the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for t\
+he portion)2.867 F(follo)108 108 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F
+.298(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)
+-.15 G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+<ad44>2.799 E F0(option to)108 120 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0
+(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been fou\
+nd, it is used to generate the list of matching w)108 136.8 R 3.317
+(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F
+(found, the def)108 148.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463
-(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 100.8 R
+(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 165.6 R
.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F
-.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 112.8 R .596
+.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 177.6 R .596
(When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595
(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F
-(shell v)108 124.8 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E
-F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 141.6 Q 4.084(yc)-.15
+(shell v)108 189.6 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E
+F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 206.4 Q 4.084(yc)-.15
G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584
(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584
-(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 153.6 S
+(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 218.4 S
.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554
(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554
(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E
-(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 165.6 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2
-(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 182.4 Q
+(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 230.4 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2
+(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 247.2 Q
.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F
F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321
(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the)
-108 194.4 R F2(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412
+108 259.2 R F2(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412
(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F
.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091
-(using brace e)108 206.4 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
+(using brace e)108 271.2 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092
(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108
-218.4 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
+283.2 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
(nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108
-230.4 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209
+295.2 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209
(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209
(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21
-(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 242.4 Q
+(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 307.2 Q
(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238
-(After these matches ha)108 259.2 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238
+(After these matches ha)108 324 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238
(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237
(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F1<ad46>3.737 E
-F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 271.2 R -.2
-(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375
+F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 336 R -.2(vo)
+-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375
(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375
(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F3(,)A F2
-(COMP_KEY)108 283.2 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25
+(COMP_KEY)108 348 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25
(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157
(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157
(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108
-295.2 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
+360 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
.986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2
(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986
(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .609
-(the function or command is in)108 307.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608
+(the function or command is in)108 372 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608
(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608(gument is the name of the command whose ar)
-.18 F .608(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108
-319.2 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073
+384 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073
(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073(gument is the w)-.18 F
-.073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 331.2 R .607
+.073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 396 R .607
(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607
-(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 343.2 Q .093
+(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 408 Q .093
(ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\
or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108
-355.2 Q(An)108 372 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with)
+420 Q(An)108 436.8 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with)
-2.938 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F
2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437
-(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 384 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)
-2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og)
-.65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457
-(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108 396
-Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 412.8 Q .081
+(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 448.8 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956
+(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457
+(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108
+460.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 477.6 Q .081
(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F
F1<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08
(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858
-(stitution. It)108 424.8 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\
+(stitution. It)108 489.6 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\
per line, to the standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)
-5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 436.8 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E
-.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 453.6 R
+5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 501.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E
+.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 518.4 R
2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.876
-E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 465.6 R
+E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 530.4 R
.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681
(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682
(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523
-(the w)108 477.6 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G
+(the w)108 542.4 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G
(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522
(may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 489.6
+-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 554.4
R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849
(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1
-(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 501.6 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G
+(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 566.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G
(tes the pattern; in this case an).05 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
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(arts. The)-3.2 F .7
(\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during)
-3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 148.8 R 1.868(second is to select por\
+3.2 F 4.367(substitution. The)108 213.6 R 1.868(second is to select por\
tions of that line for inclusion into the current one.)4.367 F 1.868
-(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 160.8 R/F1
+(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 225.6 R/F4
10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)3.163 G(ent).15 E F0 3.163(,a)C .663
-(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F1(wor)
-3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F1(modi\214er)108 172.8
+(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F4(wor)
+3.162 E(ds)-.37 E F0 5.662(.V)C(arious)-6.772 E F4(modi\214er)108 237.6
Q(s)-.1 E F0 .226(are a)2.726 F -.25(va)-.2 G .226
(ilable to manipulate the selected w).25 F 2.726(ords. The)-.1 F .227
(line is brok)2.726 F .227(en into w)-.1 F .227(ords in the same f)-.1 F
-(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 184.8 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F1(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351
+(ashion)-.1 E .352(as when reading input, so that se)108 249.6 R -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ral).15 E F4(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351
(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624
-(one w)108 196.8 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624
+(one w)108 261.6 R 3.124(ord. History)-.1 F -.15(ex)3.124 G .624
(pansions are introduced by the appearance of the history e).15 F .625
-(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 208.8 Q
-/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F
-(backslash \()2.5 E F2(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G
-(nd single quotes can quote the history e)-2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15
-E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 225.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .03
-(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03
+(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 273.6 Q
+F2(!)3.333 E F0(by def)3.333 E 2.5(ault. Only)-.1 F(backslash \()2.5 E
+F2(\\).833 E F0 2.5(\)a).833 G(nd single quotes can quote the history e)
+-2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 290.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
+.03(ral characters inhibit history e).15 F .03
(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25
-F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 237.6 T
+F .03(xpansion character)-.15 F(,)-.4 E -2.15 -.25(ev e)108 302.4 T
3.162(ni).25 G 3.162(fi)-3.162 G 3.162(ti)-3.162 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G
.662(nquoted: space, tab, ne)-3.162 F .662(wline, carriage return, and)
-.25 F F2(=)3.162 E F0 5.662(.I)C 3.162(ft)-5.662 G(he)-3.162 E F2
(extglob)3.162 E F0 .662(shell option is enabled,)3.162 F F2(\()3.163 E
-F0(will also inhibit e)108 249.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 266.4 Q -.15
+F0(will also inhibit e)108 314.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 331.2 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E
F0 -.2(bu)2.61 G .109(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .109
-(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 278.4 R F2
+(vior of history e)-.2 F(xpansion.)-.15 E 1.142(If the)108 343.2 R F2
(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143
(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt)
3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2
-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\
-stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 290.4 R
+stitutions are not immediately passed to the shell parser)108 355.2 R
5.46(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515
-(is reloaded into the)108 302.4 R F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0
+(is reloaded into the)108 367.2 R F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0
1.515(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.)
-.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516
-(is being used, and the)4.016 F F2(histr)108 314.4 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0
+(is being used, and the)4.016 F F2(histr)108 379.2 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0
1.202(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202
(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)
-3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 326.4 S -.25(ff).2 G
+3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 391.2 S -.25(ff).2 G
1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F2<ad70>3.66 E F0 1.16
(option to the)3.66 F F2(history)3.66 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.161
-(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 338.4
+(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 403.2
S .056(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.056 E F2<ad73>2.556
E F0 .056(option to the)2.556 F F2(history)2.555 E F0 -.2(bu)2.555 G
.055(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F
-(end of the history list without actually e)108 350.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(end of the history list without actually e)108 415.2 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuting them, so that the).15 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 367.2 R 2.2
+(ilable for subsequent recall.).25 E 2.2(The shell allo)108 432 R 2.2
(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e)
-.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.147(description of)108
-379.2 R F2(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder)
+444 R F2(histchars)3.647 E F0(abo)3.647 E 1.447 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder)
.15 E F2 1.147(Shell V)3.647 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 3.646(\). The)B 1.146
(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F
-(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 391.2 Q F2
-(Ev)87 408 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 420 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the histor\
-y list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)108 432
-Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5(ot).15 G
-(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 448.8 Q F0
-1.608(Start a history substitution, e)32.67 F 1.608(xcept when follo)
--.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107(,n)C -.25(ew)
--4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F(\(when the)144 460.8
-Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)
-2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 472.8 Q F1(n)A F0
-(Refer to command line)27.67 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 484.8 Q
-F1(n)A F0(Refer to the current command minus)21.97 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.).24
-E F2(!!)108 496.8 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.)-.25 E
-(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 508.8 Q F1(string)
+(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 456 Q F2
+(Ev)87 472.8 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .204(An e)108 484.8 R -.15(ve)
+-.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\
+ history list.).15 F .205(Unless the reference is abso-)5.204 F(lute, e)
+108 496.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5
+(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 513.6
+Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)32.67 F 1.608
+(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107
+(,n)C -.25(ew)-4.107 G 1.607(line, carriage return, = or \().25 F
+(\(when the)144 525.6 Q F2(extglob)2.5 E F0
+(shell option is enabled using the)2.5 E F2(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
+(iltin\).).2 E F2(!)108 537.6 Q F4(n)A F0(Refer to command line)27.67 E
+F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2<21ad>108 549.6 Q F4(n)A F0
+(Refer to the current command minus)21.97 E F4(n)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F2(!!)
+108 561.6 Q F0(Refer to the pre)29.34 E(vious command.)-.25 E
+(This is a synon)5 E(ym for `!\2551'.)-.15 E F2(!)108 573.6 Q F4(string)
A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\
-on in the history list starting with)9.33 F F1(string)144 520.8 Q F0(.)
-.22 E F2(!?)108 532.8 Q F1(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.304(Refer to the most\
+on in the history list starting with)9.33 F F4(string)144 585.6 Q F0(.)
+.22 E F2(!?)108 597.6 Q F4(string)A F2([?])A F0 1.304(Refer to the most\
recent command preceding the current postition in the history list con\
-taining)144 544.8 R F1(string)144 556.8 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E
-F2(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F1(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72
-E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F3 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)
-108 573.8 Q F1(string1)-5 I F3(^)5 I F1(string2)-5 I F3(^)5 I F0 .783
-(Quick substitution.)144 580.8 R .783(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784
-(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F1(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F1
+taining)144 609.6 R F4(string)144 621.6 Q F0 5(.T).22 G(he trailing)-5 E
+F2(?)2.5 E F0(may be omitted if)2.5 E F4(string)2.84 E F0(is follo)2.72
+E(wed immediately by a ne)-.25 E(wline.)-.25 E/F5 12/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)
+108 638.6 Q F4(string1)-5 I F5(^)5 I F4(string2)-5 I F5(^)5 I F0 .783
+(Quick substitution.)144 645.6 R .783(Repeat the pre)5.783 F .784
+(vious command, replacing)-.25 F F4(string1)3.624 E F0(with)3.284 E F4
(string2)3.284 E F0 5.784(.E).02 G(qui)-5.784 E -.25(va)-.25 G .784
-(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 592.8 S(!!:s/).74 E F1(string1)A F0(/)A F1
+(lent to).25 F -.74(``)144 657.6 S(!!:s/).74 E F4(string1)A F0(/)A F4
(string2)A F0(/')A 2.5('\()-.74 G(see)-2.5 E F2(Modi\214ers)2.5 E F0
-(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 604.8 Q F0
+(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(!#)108 669.6 Q F0
(The entire command line typed so f)27.67 E(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F2 -.75
-(Wo)87 621.6 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 633.6 S 1.314
+(Wo)87 686.4 S(rd Designators).75 E F0 -.8(Wo)108 698.4 S 1.314
(rd designators are used to select desired w).8 F 1.314(ords from the e)
-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nt. A).15 F F2(:)3.814 E F0 1.313
(separates the e)3.813 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.313(nt speci\214cation).15 F
-.529(from the w)108 645.6 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G
+.529(from the w)108 710.4 R .529(ord designator)-.1 F 5.529(.I)-.55 G
3.029(tm)-5.529 G .529(ay be omitted if the w)-3.029 F .529
(ord designator be)-.1 F .529(gins with a)-.15 F F2(^)3.029 E F0(,)A F2
($)3.029 E F0(,)A F2(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F2<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r)
-3.029 E F2(%)3.029 E F0 5.53(.W)C(ords)-6.33 E 1.301
-(are numbered from the be)108 657.6 R 1.301
+(are numbered from the be)108 722.4 R 1.301
(ginning of the line, with the \214rst w)-.15 F 1.3
(ord being denoted by 0 \(zero\).)-.1 F -.8(Wo)6.3 G 1.3(rds are).8 F
-(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 669.6 Q
-F2 2.5(0\()108 686.4 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0(The zeroth w)144 698.4 Q
-2.5(ord. F)-.1 F(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E
-F1(n)108.36 710.4 Q F0(The)30.64 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A(ord.)-.1 E
-(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505 E(48)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(48)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
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BP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(^)108 84 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5
-(gument. That)-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 96 Q F0
-(The last ar)31 E(gument.)-.18 E F1(%)108 108 Q F0(The w)26 E
-(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(string)
-A F0(?' search.)A F2(x)108.77 120 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G
-(ange of w)-2.5 E(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E
-(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 132 Q F0 .315
-(All of the w)31 F .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315
-(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815
-('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316
-(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 144 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)
--.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108
-156 Q F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 168
-Q F0(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1
+-.35 E(inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.)108 84
+Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(0\()108 100.8 S(zer)-2.5 E(o\))-.18 E F0
+(The zeroth w)144 112.8 Q 2.5(ord. F)-.1 F
+(or the shell, this is the command w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)108.36 124.8 Q F0(The)30.64 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(th w)A
+(ord.)-.1 E F1(^)108 136.8 Q F0(The \214rst ar)32.67 E 2.5(gument. That)
+-.18 F(is, w)2.5 E(ord 1.)-.1 E F1($)108 148.8 Q F0(The last ar)31 E
+(gument.)-.18 E F1(%)108 160.8 Q F0(The w)26 E
+(ord matched by the most recent `?)-.1 E F2(string)A F0(?' search.)A F2
+(x)108.77 172.8 Q F1<ad>A F2(y)A F0 2.5(Ar)20.65 G(ange of w)-2.5 E
+(ords; `\255)-.1 E F2(y)A F0 2.5('a)C(bbre)-2.5 E(viates `0\255)-.25 E
+F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 184.8 Q F0 .315(All of the w)31 F .315(ords b)
+-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315
+(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815('. It)B .315
+(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316(if there is)2.816 F
+(just one w)144 196.8 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108 208.8 Q
+F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 220.8 Q
+F0(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1
(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108
-184.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+237.6 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 201.6 Q F0 .184
-(After the optional w)108 213.6 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4
+-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 254.4 Q F0 .184
+(After the optional w)108 266.4 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4
G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F
-.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 225.6 Q F1(h)
-108 242.4 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
-(railing \214le name component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1
-(t)108 254.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
-(ll leading \214le name components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r)
-108 266.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
+.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 278.4 Q F1(h)
+108 295.2 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
+(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t)
+108 307.2 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
+(ll leading \214lename components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r)
+108 319.2 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E
-(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 278.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a)
--.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 290.4
+(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 331.2 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a)
+-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 343.2
Q F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 302.4 Q F0
+E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 355.2 Q F0
(Quote the substituted w)30.44 E(ords, escaping further substitutions.)
--.1 E F1(x)108 314.4 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1
+-.1 E F1(x)108 367.2 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1
E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)
-2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 326.4 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A
-F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 338.4 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E
+2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 379.2 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A
+F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 391.2 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E
F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221
(in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721
(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144
-350.4 R .617
+403.2 R .617
(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)
5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616
-F .666(be quoted in)144 362.4 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)
+F .666(be quoted in)144 415.2 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)
3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666
(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166
(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E
-F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 374.4 R
+F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 427.2 R
(If)5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544
F F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774
(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E
-(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 386.4 Q F2(string)
+(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 439.2 Q F2(string)
2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1
-(&)108 398.4 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1
-(g)108 410.4 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
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2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.)
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-('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 422.4 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)
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-.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219
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(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089
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-(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 446.4 Q F0(.)A
-F1(G)108 458.4 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5
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('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
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-R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\
-
receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 499.2 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F1<adad>2.533 E F0
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ceded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108 552 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F1<adad>2.533 E F0
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F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E
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11.2 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E
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64 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E
5.077(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.077 E F1(exit)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.577 E F0
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2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)-2.577 E F1(shift)2.577 E F0 -.2(bu)2.577 G
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-523.2 R .319(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.819 E F0 .319
-(without requiring)2.819 F F1<adad>2.819 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b)
--5.319 F .319(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .32(guments b)-.18 F .32
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-(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.643 E F0 1.143(to pre)3.643 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 1.143(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 547.2 Q F1(:)108
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-(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)
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(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108
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-(status of the last command e)144 642 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.68(cuted from)
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-E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608(names in)144 654
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-2.842 F .341(The return status is the)5.341 F .716
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-F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
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-(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 96 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724
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+(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F(y)-.15 E/F2 10
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+F F2(\214lename)144 96 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842
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+(on standard output.)3.08 F .58(When ar)5.58 F .58
(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name)
-3.08 E F0(whose)144 120 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15
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(ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F2(value)
5.395 E F0 .395(causes the ne)2.895 F .395(xt w)-.15 F .395
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(or each)-.15 F F2(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054
(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554
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-(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314
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(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F
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-(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 156 Q F1(bg)108 172.8 Q F0([)2.5
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+(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 208.8 Q F3(bg)108 225.6 Q F0([)
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(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the)
--3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1
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(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G
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-E F
1(bind)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0
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1<ad71>-2.5 E F2
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1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F1<ad66>2.5 E F2
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1(bind)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5
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1<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2
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1(bind)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)
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3(bind)108 290.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0
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3<ad71>-2.5 E F2
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3<ad75>-2.5 E F2(function)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
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3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F3<ad66>2.5 E F2
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3(bind)108 326.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5
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3<ad78>2.5 E F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2
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3(bind)108 338.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)
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-E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F
1<ad6d>144
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3<ad6d>144
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(emacs, emacs\255standar)5.693 F 3.192
(d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E
-(vi\255command)180 393.6 Q F0 4.429(,a)C(nd)-4.429 E F2(vi\255insert)
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1.929(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.429 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)4.429 E F0
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-(emacs\255standar)180 405.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1<ad6c>144 417.6 Q F0
-(List the names of all)27.52 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0
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-Q F0(List current)24.19 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0
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(that is guaranteed to \214nd all of the standard utilities.)2.649 F(If)
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475.2 R F2<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F2<ad76>
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2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
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2<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249
-(xit status)-.15 F 1.004(is 0 if)144 511.2 R F1(command)3.704 E F0 -.1
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528 R F1<ad56>2.675 E F0(or)2.675 E F1<ad76>
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1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
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1<ad76>2.749 E F0 .249(option is supplied, the e)2.749 F .249
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2<ad46>3.915 E F0(or)3.915 E F2<ad43>3.915 E F0 1.415(options, the v)
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-(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 300 Q F2
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-.15 E F1(user)184 276 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 288 S
+.15 E F1(user)184 300 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E
+(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 312 S
(riable).1 E F0(Names of all shell v)5.1 E 2.5(ariables. May)-.25 F
-(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 300 Q/F3
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 312 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555
+(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad43>144 324 Q/F3
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E(command)184 336 Q F0 1.055(is e)3.555
F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
-184 324 Q F1<ad46>144 336 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 1.181
-(The shell function)184 348 R F3(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F
+184 348 Q F1<ad46>144 360 Q F3(function)2.5 E F0 1.181
+(The shell function)184 372 R F3(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.68
(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.18(it \214n-)3.68 F .932
-(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 360 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 384 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F2
-(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184 372 S(riable.)
-.25 E F1<ad47>144 384 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 396
+(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184 396 S(riable.)
+.25 E F1<ad47>144 408 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 420
R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F3(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F
-1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 408 Q
-F1<ad50>144 420 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 432 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
+1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 432 Q
+F1<ad50>144 444 Q F3(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 456 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 444 Q F1<ad53>144 456 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 468 Q F1<ad53>144 480 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 468 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 480 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
+E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 492 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
+(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 504 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F F2(IFS)3.64 E F0 1.139
(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F 2.007
-(each resultant w)184 492 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15
+(each resultant w)184 516 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15
F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F
-(resultant list which match the w)184 504 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E
-F1<ad58>144 516 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 528 Q F0 .456
+(resultant list which match the w)184 528 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E
+F1<ad58>144 540 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 552 Q F0 .456
(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 540 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 552 Q F3(\214lterpat)
+(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 564 R 1.596
+(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 576 Q F3(\214lterpat)
3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
(in)3.204 E F3(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 564 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
+(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 588 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 580.8 R .466
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 604.8 R .466
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
-(plied without a)144 592.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
+(plied without a)144 616.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
-1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 604.8 Q F0
+1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F3(name)144 628.8 Q F0
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
-F1(compopt)108 6
21.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F1(compopt)108 6
45.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3
-(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 633.6 R
+(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 657.6 R
F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0
.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
-(completion if no)144 645.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
+(completion if no)144 669.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 657.6 Q F3(name)
+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 681.6 Q F3(name)
3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 669.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 693.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he)
-5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297
(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F
-1.227(the `)144 681.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
+1.227(the `)144 705.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \
-no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 693.6 R 2.178
+no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 717.6 R 2.178
(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177
(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `)
-144 705.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G
+144 729.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5
-E 1.387(The return v)144 729.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.388
-(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F
-(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505 E(53)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(53)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 54 54
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(options for a)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0
+-.35 E 1.387(The return v)144 84 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25
+F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.388
+(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F
+(options for a)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(continue)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144
-112.8 R 1.754(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r)
+(continue)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144
+124.8 R 1.754(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r)
.25 E F0(,)A F2(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F2(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)
-4.254 E F2(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F1(n)4.613 E F0
-1.753(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 124.8 R F1(n)3.709
+1.753(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 136.8 R F1(n)3.709
E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3
10/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F1(n)4.069 E F0 1.209
(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514
-(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 136.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
+(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 148.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513
(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.013 E F0(is)
-3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 148.8 Q F2(declar)108 165.6
+3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 160.8 Q F2(declar)108 177.6
Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0
2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2
-(typeset)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
+(typeset)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 189.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F
+(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 201.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F
1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)
3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25
G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F
--.25(va)144 2
01.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F2<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
+-.25(va)144 2
13.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F2<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982
(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F2
-<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 213.6 Q F1(name)3.579 E
+<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 225.6 Q F1(name)3.579 E
F0(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F
(When)6.079 E F2<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F1
(name)3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151
-(ments, it will display the attrib)144 225.6 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F
+(ments, it will display the attrib)144 237.6 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F
.151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib)
-.2 F .15(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144
-2
37.6 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F2<ad70>2.547
+2
49.6 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F2<ad70>2.547
E F0(,)A F2(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib)
-2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 249.6 S 1.363
+2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 261.6 S 1.363
(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863(ariables. The)-.25 F F2<ad66>3.863 E F0
1.362(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The)
6.362 E F2<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of functio\
-n de\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 261.6 R 2.423
-(utes are)-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.664 E F2(extdeb)
+n de\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 273.6 R 2.423
+(utes are)-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 285.6 R(the)2.664 E F2(extdeb)
2.664 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F2(shopt)
2.664 E F0 2.664(,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664
-F 1.288(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 285.6
+F 1.288(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 297.6
R(The)6.288 E F2<ad46>3.788 E F0 1.288(option implies)3.788 F F2<ad66>
3.788 E F0 6.288(.T)C(he)-6.288 E F2<ad67>3.789 E F0(option)3.789 E .491
-(forces v)144 297.6 R .491
+(forces v)144 309.6 R .491
(ariables to be created or modi\214ed at the global scope, e)-.25 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.99(nw).15 G(hen)-2.99 E F2(declar)2.99 E(e)-.18 E F0 .49
(is e)2.99 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .49(cuted in a).15 F .124(shell function.)
-144 309.6 R .124(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.124 F .125
+144 321.6 R .124(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.124 F .125
(The follo)5.125 F .125(wing options can be used to restrict output)-.25
-F(to v)144 321.6 Q(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 E
+F(to v)144 333.6 Q(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 E
(ute or to gi)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables attrib)-.1 E(utes:)-.2
-E F2<ad61>144 333.6 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E
+E F2<ad61>144 345.6 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2
-(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad41>144 345.6 Q
+(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad41>144 357.6 Q
F0(Each)23.08 E F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25
H(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F2(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad66>144 357.6 Q F0(Use function names only)
-26.97 E(.)-.65 E F2<ad69>144 369.6 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558
+(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F2<ad66>144 369.6 Q F0(Use function names only)
+26.97 E(.)-.65 E F2<ad69>144 381.6 Q F0 .558(The v)27.52 F .558
(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25
(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557
-(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 381.6 Q F0(abo)
+(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 393.6 Q F0(abo)
2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)
--2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 393.6 Q
+-2.5 E(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 405.6 Q
F0 .909(When the v)27.52 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4
-G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 405.6 R
-(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad72>144 417.6
+G .91(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 417.6 R
+(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad72>144 429.6
Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F1(name)5.047 E F0 5.047(sr)C(eadonly)-5.047 E
7.547(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.547 F
2.546(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180
-429.6 Q F2<ad74>144 441.6 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15
+441.6 Q F2<ad74>144 453.6 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .729 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15
E F1(name)2.929 E F0(the)2.929 E F1(tr)2.929 E(ace)-.15 E F0(attrib)
2.929 E 2.929(ute. T)-.2 F .429(raced functions inherit the)-.35 F F2
(DEB)2.929 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F2(RETURN)2.93 E F0
-(traps from the calling shell.)180 453.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E
+(traps from the calling shell.)180 465.6 Q(The trace attrib)5 E
(ute has no special meaning for v)-.2 E(ariables.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144
-465.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)24.74 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F
+477.6 Q F0 .91(When the v)24.74 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F
.909(alue, all lo)-.25 F(wer)-.25 E .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F
--.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 477.6 R
+-.15(ve)-.4 G .909(rted to upper).15 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 489.6 R
(lo)2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F2<ad78>
-144 489.6 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E
+144 501.6 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F1(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E
(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E(vironment.)-.4 E .12
-(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 506.4 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12
+(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 518.4 R 2.62(ft)-.25 G .12
(he attrib)-2.62 F .121(ute instead, with the e)-.2 F .121
(xceptions that)-.15 F F2(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F
-.645(to destro)144 518.4 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v)
+.645(to destro)144 530.4 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v)
-3.145 F .645(ariable and)-.25 F F2(+r)3.145 E F0 .645(will not remo)
3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144
-(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F 1.185(tion, mak)144 530.4
-R 1.185(es each)-.1 F F1(name)3.686 E F0 1.186(local, as with the)3.686
-F F2(local)3.686 E F0 1.186(command, unless the)3.686 F F2<ad67>3.686 E
-F0 1.186(option is supplied, If a)3.686 F -.25(va)144 542.4 S .118
-(riable name is follo).25 F .118(wed by =)-.25 F F1(value)A F0 2.618(,t)
-C .118(he v)-2.618 F .118(alue of the v)-.25 F .118(ariable is set to)
--.25 F F1(value)2.618 E F0 5.118(.T)C .118(he return v)-5.118 F .117
-(alue is 0)-.25 F 2.793(unless an in)144 554.4 R -.25(va)-.4 G 2.793(li\
-d option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function usin\
-g).25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF<ad66>5.294 E(foo=bar)144 566.4 Q F0 3.993(,a)
-C 3.993(na)-3.993 G 1.493(ttempt is made to assign a v)-3.993 F 1.493
-(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.493(ariable, an attempt is made to)-.25 F
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(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
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--.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 213.6 Q .579
-(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578
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Display only running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 691.2 Q F0
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(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2
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-(as additional ar)144 556.8 R(guments.)-.18 E F2(callbac)5.275 E(k)-.2 E
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(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 568.8 Q
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--.25 F F1(dirs)3.759 E F0 3.759(,s)C 1.259(tarting with)-3.759 F 2.5
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-2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E
-(,)-.65 E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .643
-(If the)144 112.8 R F1(popd)3.143 E F0 .643(command is successful, a)
-3.143 F F1(dirs)3.143 E F0 .644
-(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)3.143 F F1(popd)5.644
-E F0 .416(returns f)144 124.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G
-.415(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915
-(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F
+(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0
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+F F1(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180
+96 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF(popd -0)2.5 E F0
+(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he last directory)-2.5 E(,)-.65
+E F3(popd -1)2.5 E F0(the ne)2.5 E(xt to last.)-.15 E .644(If the)144
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+(dirs)3.143 E F0 .643(is performed as well, and the return status is 0.)
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+(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .415
+(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.916
+(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.916 E .416(xistent direc-)-.15 F
(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 136.8 Q
(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0
-(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.436
-(Write the formatted)144 165.6 R F2(ar)3.936 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437
-(to the standard output under the control of the)3.936 F F2(format)3.937
-E F0 6.437(.T)C(he)-6.437 E F1<ad76>3.937 E F0 .126
+(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.437
+(Write the formatted)144 165.6 R F2(ar)3.937 E(guments)-.37 E F0 1.437
+(to the standard output under the control of the)3.937 F F2(format)3.936
+E F0 6.436(.T)C(he)-6.436 E F1<ad76>3.936 E F0 .126
(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)144 177.6 R(ariable)
-.25 E F2(var)2.626 E F0 .126(rather than being printed to the standard)
-2.626 F(output.)144 189.6 Q(The)144 213.6 Q F2(format)3.017 E F0 .517(i\
+2.626 F(output.)144 189.6 Q(The)144 213.6 Q F2(format)3.018 E F0 .517(i\
s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\
-cters, which are)3.017 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\
-er escape sequences, which are con)144 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .703
+cters, which are)3.018 F .704(simply copied to standard output, charact\
+er escape sequences, which are con)144 225.6 R -.15(ve)-.4 G .704
(rted and copied to).15 F .036(the standard output, and format speci\
-\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 237.6 R .037
+\214cations, each of which causes printing of the ne)144 237.6 R .036
(xt successi)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G F2(ar)144 249.6 Q(gument)-.37 E F0
-5.532(.I)C 3.032(na)-5.532 G .532(ddition to the standard)-3.032 F F2
-(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.031
-E F0 .531(interprets the follo)3.031 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 261.6 Q
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+(printf)3.032 E F0 .532(\(1\) format speci\214cations,)B F1(printf)3.032
+E F0 .532(interprets the follo)3.032 F(w-)-.25 E(ing e)144 261.6 Q
(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 273.6 Q F0(causes)20.44 E F1(printf)5.115 E
F0 2.615(to e)5.115 F 2.615
(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar)
20.44 E F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2
(ar)2.51 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .01(in a format that can be reused as shell)
2.51 F(input.)180 321.6 Q F1(%\()144 333.6 Q F2(datefmt)A F1(\)T)A F0
-(causes)180 345.6 Q F1(printf)4.404 E F0 1.904
-(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.404 F F2(datefmt)
-4.404 E F0 1.903(as a format)4.404 F .38(string for)180 357.6 R F2
+(causes)180 345.6 Q F1(printf)4.403 E F0 1.904
+(to output the date-time string resulting from using)4.403 F F2(datefmt)
+4.404 E F0 1.904(as a format)4.404 F .381(string for)180 357.6 R F2
(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar)
2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381
-(ger representing the number)-.15 F .458(of seconds since the epoch.)180
+(ger representing the number)-.15 F .457(of seconds since the epoch.)180
369.6 R -1 -.8(Tw o)5.458 H .458(special ar)3.758 F .458(gument v)-.18 F
.458(alues may be used: -1 represents the)-.25 F
(current time, and -2 represents the time the shell w)180 381.6 Q(as in)
--.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(Ar)144 398.4 Q .463(guments to n\
-on-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .464
-(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.259(minus sign is allo)144 410.4
+-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E(Ar)144 398.4 Q .464(guments to n\
+on-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constants, e)-.18 F .463
+(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258(minus sign is allo)144 410.4
R 1.259
(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v)
--.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 422.4 Q(alue of the follo)
--.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 439.2 Q F2(format)3.423 E
-F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423
+-.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 422.4 Q(alue of the follo)
+-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 439.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E
+F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423
E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format)
-3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 451.2 Q(guments)-.37 E
-F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033
+3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 451.2 Q(guments)-.37 E
+F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033
(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si)
-.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,)
+.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,)
-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 463.2 Q(The return v)5 E
(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd)
108 480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the dire\
-ctory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 504 R 3.14(wt)-.25
-G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 516 R 1.316
-(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315
-(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315
-(irectories and)-3.815 F .871
+(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\
+tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 504 R 3.139(wt)-.25
+G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 516 R 1.315
+(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F 1.315
+(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G 1.316
+(irectories and)-3.816 F .872
(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 528 R 5.871(.A)-.65
-G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15(ve t)
--.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 540 Q F1
+G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15(ve t)
+-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 540 Q F1
<ad6e>144 552 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory when \
adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F
-(only the stack is manipulated.)180 564 Q F1(+)144 576 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267
-(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.767 E F0 1.268
-(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by)
+(only the stack is manipulated.)180 564 Q F1(+)144 576 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268
+(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.768 E F0 1.267
+(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by)
-.25 F F1(dirs)180 588 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
-2.5 E F1<ad>144 600 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3
F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
F F1(dirs)180 612 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5
-E F2(dir)144.35 624 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0
-(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25
-G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 640.8
-R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)
-2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489
-(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04
-(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 652.8 R F2(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G
-3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0
-1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144
-664.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\
-ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F
-(speci\214ed ne)144 676.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E
-(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 693.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 705.6 R .845
+E F2(dir)144.35 624 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288
+(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc)
+-.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F
+(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 636 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd)
+2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 652.8 R F1(pushd)2.988
+E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488
+(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F
+F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 664.8 R F2(dir)
+3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4
+F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846
+(stack is empty)144 676.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\
+ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)
+-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 688.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5
+E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 705.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
+(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 717.6 R .845
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
-7
17.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
+7
29.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
-(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264
-(enabled. If)144 729.6 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
-(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
-F .763(The return)5.763 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505 E
-(60)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F(GNU Bash 4.2)
+72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(60)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 61 61
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while reading the name o\
-f the current directory or an in)144 84 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E
-(option is supplied.)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)108 112.8 S
-(ad).18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E/F2 10
+-.35 E 3.264(enabled. If)144 84 R(the)3.264 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
+(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
+F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
+ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 96 R -.25(va)-.4
+G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 108 Q F1 -.18(re)108 124.8 S(ad).18
+E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(aname)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2
(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0
3.817(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.817 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816
(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1
<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E
F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A
-([)108 124.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\
-tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 136.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E
-F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 148.8 Q
+([)108 136.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\
+tandard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144 148.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E
+F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 160.8 Q
F1<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038
(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G
.039(he second w)-2.539 F .039(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E
-F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw)
+F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 172.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw)
.15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42
(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I)
-.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 172.8 R .54(wer w)-.25
+.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 184.8 R .54(wer w)-.25
F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \
-are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 184.8 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011
+are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 196.8 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011
(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011
(are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011
(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89
-(be used to remo)144 196.8 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
+(be used to remo)144 208.8 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891
(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
-(Options, if supplied, ha)144 208.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 220.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
-180 232.8 R 1.049
+(Options, if supplied, ha)144 220.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 232.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
+180 244.8 R 1.049
(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
-.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
-F2(aname)180.33 244.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
+F2(aname)180.33 256.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
-(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 256.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
-F0(The \214rst character of)180 268.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
+(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 268.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
+F0(The \214rst character of)180 280.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E
-F1<ad65>144 280.8 Q F0 .372
+F1<ad65>144 292.8 Q F0 .372
(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re)
2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218
-(to obtain the line.)180 292.8 R .218
+(to obtain the line.)180 304.8 R .218
(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E
-(acti)180 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E
-F1<ad69>144 316.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715
+(acti)180 316.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E
+F1<ad69>144 328.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715
G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)
2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E
-.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 3
28.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144
-340.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 352.8 S(ad).18 E
+.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 3
40.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144
+352.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 364.8 S(ad).18 E
F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E
F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394
-(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 364.8 Q
+(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 376.8 Q
(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E
(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad4e>144 376.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 388.8 S
+<ad4e>144 388.8 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 400.8 S
(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F
1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 400.8 R F1 -.18(re)
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 412.8 R F1 -.18(re)
2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274
(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 412.8
+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 424.8
R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)
-3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 4
24.8 Q F1<ad70>
-144 436.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 448.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E
+3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 4
36.8 Q F1<ad70>
+144 448.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 460.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E
(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161
(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)
--.25 F(an)180 460.8 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
+-.25 F(an)180 472.8 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 472.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+<ad72>144 484.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F(the line.)180 484.8 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
+-5.543 F(the line.)180 496.8 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 496.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 508.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 508.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 520.8 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549
+<ad74>144 520.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 532.8 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549
G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048
(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
-180 532.8 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
+180 544.8 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing)
--.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 544.8 R .576(This option is only ef)
+-.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 556.8 R .576(This option is only ef)
5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G
(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141
-(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 556.8 R .142
+(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 568.8 R .142
(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E
-F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 568.8 S(ad).18 E
-F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.614 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113
-(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .113
-(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 580.8 Q
-(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15
-E F1<ad75>144 592.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)
-14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 609.6 R F2(names)3.051 E F0
-.191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable)
--.25 E F3(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .192
-(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 621.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad)
+F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 580.8 S(ad).18 E
+F0 .61(returns immediately)3.11 F 3.11(,w)-.65 G .61
+(ithout trying to read an)-3.11 F 3.11(yd)-.15 G 3.11(ata. The)-3.11 F
+-.15(ex)3.11 G .61(it statis is 0 if input is).15 F -.2(av)180 592.8 S
+1.223(ailable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)-.05 F 3.723(,n)-.4 G
+1.223(on-zero otherwise.)-3.723 F 1.224(The e)6.223 F 1.224
+(xit status is greater)-.15 F(than 128 if the timeout is e)180 604.8 Q
+(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 616.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192
+(If no)144 633.6 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192
+(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable)-.25 E
+F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191
+(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 645.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad)
.18 E F0 1.343
-(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F
-(128\), or an in)144 633.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F
+(128\), or an in)144 657.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1
-<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 650.4 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 674.4 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A
-F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 662.4 R -.15(ve)
+F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 686.4 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77
(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0
-.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144
-674.4 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
-(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 686.4 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144
+698.4 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
+(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
+(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 710.4 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 698.4 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
-(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.277 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
-F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name)
-3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 710.4 R -.15(ve)
--.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
-(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
-.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 722.4 R(The)5.295 E F1
-<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)
-151.505 E(61)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+-.25 E 2.505(ables to associati)144 722.4 R 2.805 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 5.005
+(rrays. If).15 F 2.505(both options are supplied,)5.005 F F1<ad41>5.005
+E F0(tak)5.005 E 2.505(es precedence.)-.1 F 2.505(If no)7.505 F F2(name)
+5.365 E F0(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(61)185.115
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%%Page: 62 62
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E .786
-(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 84 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144 96
-Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218
-(,t)C .718(he v)-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718
-(ariable is set to)-.25 F F1(wor)3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718
-(he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26
-(option is encountered, one of the)144 108 R F1(names)3.12 E F0 .26
+-.35 E(ar)144 84 Q .854(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .854
+(n, or if the).15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad70>3.354 E F0 .853
+(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.353 F
+(The)5.853 E .559(other options may be used to restrict the output to a\
+ subset of the set of readonly names.)144 96 R(The)5.559 E F1<ad70>3.059
+E F0 .201(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be \
+reused as input.)144 108 R .2(If a v)5.2 F .2(ariable name is)-.25 F
+(follo)144 120 Q .133(wed by =)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d)
+-.37 E F0 2.633(,t)C .133(he v)-2.633 F .133(alue of the v)-.25 F .133
+(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.633 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.133(.T)C .133
+(he return status is 0 unless an in)-5.133 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26
+(option is encountered, one of the)144 132 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26
(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F
-/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26(is supplied with a)2.76 F F1
-(name)144.36 120 Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F2 -.18(re)108
-136.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A .587
-(Causes a function to e)144 148.8 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F
-.587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F1(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587
-E F1(n)3.447 E F0 .586(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335
-(that of the last command e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335
-(cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G
-1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe)
-144 172.8 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F2(.)3.294 E F0(\()
-5.794 E F2(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794
-(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .794
-(cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 184.8 R F1(n)3.105
-E F0 .246(or the e)2.985 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .246
-(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 196.8 R .082
-(If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082
-(cution of a script by).15 F F2(.)2.582 E F0 2.581(,t).833 G .081
-(he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 208.8 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F
-4.805(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.805 F F2(RETURN)
-4.805 E F0 2.306(trap is e)4.806 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.306(cuted before e)
-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.)
-144 220.8 Q F2(set)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
-(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E F1
-(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F2
-(set)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(+o)
--2.5 E F1(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0
-(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 261.6 S .836(thout options, the name and v).4 F
-.835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .835
+F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 144 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 160.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 172.8 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
+(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
+5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .469
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 184.8 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .469(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.469(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.469 E
+F1 -.18(re)2.969 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .468(is used out-)2.969 F .466
+(side a function, b)144 196.8 R .466(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.467(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.967 E F0(\()5.467 E F1(sour)
+A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.967(\)c)C .467(ommand, it causes the shell to)-2.967 F
+.088(stop e)144 208.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .087
+(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)2.947 E F0 .087
+(or the e)2.827 F .087(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .087(cuted within).15 F .621(the script as the e)144 220.8 R .621
+(xit status of the script.)-.15 F .622(The return status is non-zero if)
+5.622 F F1 -.18(re)3.122 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .622(is used outside a)
+3.122 F .87(function and not during e)144 232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .869
+(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)3.369 E F0(or)4.202 E F1(sour)3.369 E
+(ce)-.18 E F0 5.869(.A)C 1.169 -.15(ny c)-5.869 H .869
+(ommand associated with the).15 F F1(RETURN)144 244.8 Q F0(trap is e)2.5
+E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cution resumes after the function or script.).15 E F1(set)108 261.6 Q
+F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E
+F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E
+F1(set)108 273.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0
+(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 285.6 S .835(thout options, the name and v).4 F
+.835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F .836
(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
-(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 273.6
-R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784
-(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 285.6 R F1 .447(posix mode)
-2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
+(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 297.6
+R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783
+(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 309.6 R F2 .447(posix mode)
+2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447
-(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53
-(locale. When)144 297.6 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F
-3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An)
--.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F
-1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 309.6 R 1.623
+(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531
+(locale. When)144 321.6 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F
+3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)
+-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623
+(after option processing are treated as v)144 333.6 R 1.624
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order)
-144 321.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F2($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
-F2 2.5(... $)2.5 F F1(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
--.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 333.6 Q
-F0 .539(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539
-(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54
-(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 345.6 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.)
--.4 E F2<ad62>144 357.6 Q F0 .132
+144 345.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
+F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
+-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 357.6 Q
+F0 .54(Automatically mark v)29.3 F .539
+(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F
+.539(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 369.6 Q
+(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 381.6 Q F0 .131
(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F
-2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 369.6 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
--.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F2<ad65>144 381.6 Q F0 .51
-(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F1(pipeline)3.01 E F0 .511
-(\(which may consist of a single)3.011 F F1 .511(simple command)3.011 F
-F0 3.011(\), a)B F1(sub-)3.011 E(shell)184 393.6 Q F0 .872
-(command enclosed in parentheses, or one of the commands e)3.373 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .872(cuted as part of a).15 F .399
-(command list enclosed by braces \(see)184 405.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-.399(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.899 F F0(abo)2.649 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.899(\)e).15 G
-.399(xits with a non-zero)-3.049 F 3.969(status. The)184 417.6 R 1.468
-(shell does not e)3.969 F 1.468(xit if the command that f)-.15 F 1.468
-(ails is part of the command list)-.1 F .569(immediately follo)184 429.6
-R .569(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)3.069 E F0(or)3.069 E F2(until)3.069 E F0
--.1(ke)3.069 G(yw)-.05 E .569(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F .57
-(wing the)-.25 F F2(if)3.07 E F0(or)3.07 E F2(elif)3.07 E F0(reserv)184
-441.6 Q .91(ed w)-.15 F .91(ords, part of an)-.1 F 3.41(yc)-.15 G .909
-(ommand e)-3.41 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .909(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)3.409 E F0
-(or)3.409 E F2(||)3.409 E F0 .909(list e)3.409 F .909(xcept the command)
--.15 F(follo)184 453.6 Q .049(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F2(&&)2.549 E F0
-(or)2.549 E F2(||)2.549 E F0 2.549(,a)C .349 -.15(ny c)-2.549 H .049
-(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .05(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F
-(s)-.55 E .373(return v)184 465.6 R .373(alue is being in)-.25 F -.15
-(ve)-.4 G .373(rted with).15 F F2(!)2.873 E F0 5.372(.A)C .372(trap on)
--2.5 F F2(ERR)2.872 E F0 2.872(,i)C 2.872(fs)-2.872 G .372(et, is e)
--2.872 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .372(cuted before the shell).15 F -.15(ex)184
-477.6 S 2.896(its. This).15 F .397(option applies to the shell en)2.896
-F .397(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .397(vironment sepa-)-.4 F
-.191(rately \(see)184 489.6 R F3 .19(COMMAND EXECUTION ENVIR)2.691 F
-(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.44 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .19
-(\), and may cause subshells).15 F(to e)184 501.6 Q(xit before e)-.15 E
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting all the commands in the subshell.).15 E F2<ad66>
-144 513.6 Q F0(Disable pathname e)30.97 E(xpansion.)-.15 E F2<ad68>144
-525.6 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)28.74 F 4.738
-(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184 537.6 Q(ault.)-.1
-E F2<ad6b>144 549.6 Q F0 .514(All ar)28.74 F .514
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06 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
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54 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
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+27.63 F 2.578(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0
+(abo)5.078 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F
+(def)184 168 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 180 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1
+(bash)2.714 E F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214
+(rwrite an e).15 F .214(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0
+(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0 2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213
+(redirection opera-)2.713 F 3.053(tors. This)184 192 R .553(may be o)
+3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 168 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 180 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
+.15 F(tor)184 204 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 216 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
-F .838(mands e)184 192 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F .838(mands e)184 228 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 204 Q F1
-<ad48>144 216 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 240 Q F1
+<ad48>144 252 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 228 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 240 Q F0 1.164
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 264 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 276 Q F0 1.164
(If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164
(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165
(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822
-(that change the current w)184 252 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
+(that change the current w)184 288 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 264 R(def)2.685
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 300 R(def)2.685
E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184
276 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-288 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184
312 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+324 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 300 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 312 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 324 Q
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 348 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 360 Q
F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 336 Q F2
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 372 Q F2
(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
-348 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
+384 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G
-1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 360 R
+1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 396 R
F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945
(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B
-(parameters remain unchanged.)184 372 Q .425(The options are of)144
-388.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+(parameters remain unchanged.)184 408 Q .425(The options are of)144
+424.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
-(to be turned of)144 400.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 436.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 412.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+(current set of options may be found in)144 448.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 424.8 Q F1(shift)108 441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 453.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
+(is encountered.)144 460.8 Q F1(shift)108 477.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 489.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
-.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 465.6 Q F1($#)2.582
+.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 501.6 Q F1($#)2.582
E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 477.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 513.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 489.6 R
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 525.6 R
.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 501.6 Q F1(shopt)108 518.4 Q F0([)
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 537.6 Q F1(shopt)108 554.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 530.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 566.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
(alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1
<ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\
-ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 542.4 R(The)
-144 5
54.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
+ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 578.4 R(The)
+144 5
90.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options)
-5.327 F(ha)144 566.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 578.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
-E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 590.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
-(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 602.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
+5.327 F(ha)144 602.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 614.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
+E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 626.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
+(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 638.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2
-(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 614.4 R .256
+(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 650.4 R .256
(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256
(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F
-(all)180 626.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
-2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 638.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
+(all)180 662.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
+2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 674.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0
-(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127
-(If either)144 655.2 R F1<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1<ad75>2.627 E F0
-.127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127
-(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024
-(are set or unset, respecti)144 667.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024
-(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0
-1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 679.2 Q(ault.)
--.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-696 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
-4.045 F .696
-(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 708 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
--.25 F(option.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505 E(64)
-200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624
+(If either)144 691.2 R F1<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0
+.624(is used with no)3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)
+-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624
+(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234(set or unset, respecti)144
+703.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)-.65 G 2.234
+(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234
+(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 715.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E
+(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(64)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 65 65
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(The list of)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 102 Q F0 .199
+-.35 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
+84 R/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545
+(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696
+(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
+144 96 R F1(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
+-.25 F(option.)144 108 Q(The list of)144 124.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F2(autocd)144 142.8 Q F0 .199
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 114 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(ment to the)184 154.8 Q F2(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 126 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 138 R .156
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
+F2(cdable_v)144 166.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 178.8 R .156
+(gument to the)-.18 F F2(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 150 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 162 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 190.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F2(cdspell)144 202.8 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
-10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
-(corrected. The)184 174 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
+10.55 F F2(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
+(corrected. The)184 214.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 186 R 4.352 -.65(y. I)
--.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552
-(orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 198 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5
-E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 210 Q F0 2.08
-(If set,)184 222 R F1(bash)4.58 E F0 2.079
-(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079
-(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 234 S(cute it.).15 E
+-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 226.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
+-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
+(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
+(the command proceeds.)184 238.8 Q
+(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
+.15 E F2(checkhash)144 250.8 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 262.8 R F2(bash)4.58
+E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079
+(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 274.8 S(cute it.).15 E
(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 246 Q
-F0 .448(If set,)184 258 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F2(checkjobs)144 286.8
+Q F0 .448(If set,)184 298.8 R F2(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449
(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 270 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 310.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938
(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203
-(attempted without an interv)184 282 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F
-/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 294 Q -.1(wa)-.1
-G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
-(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 306 Q F0 .797(If set,)184
-318 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G
+(attempted without an interv)184 322.8 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15
+F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 334.8 Q -.1(wa)
+-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
+(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F2(checkwinsize)144 346.8 Q F0 .797(If set,)184
+358.8 R F2(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G
.796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G
-.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 330 S(lues of).25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E
-F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144
-342 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)
-3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
+.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 370.8 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5
+E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(cmdhist)
+144 382.8 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F2(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
+(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-354 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
-(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 366 Q
-F0 .42(If set,)184 378 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F
-.419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)
--.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the)184 390 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0
-(conditional command')2.5 E(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.5 E F0(operator)2.5 E(.)
--.55 E F1(compat32)144 402 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 414 R F1(bash)3.909 E
-F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41
+394.8 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
+(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F2(compat31)144 406.8
+Q F0 .42(If set,)184 418.8 R F2(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92
+F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419
+(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the)184
+430.8 Q F2([[)2.5 E F0(conditional command')2.5 E(s)-.55 E F2(=~)2.5 E
+F0(operator)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2(compat32)144 442.8 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184
+454.8 R F2(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409
+(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41
(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.266
-(string comparison when using the)184 426 R F1([[)3.766 E F0 1.266
-(conditional command')3.766 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.766 E F0(and)3.766 E F1(>)
-3.766 E F0 3.765(operators. Bash)3.765 F -.15(ve)184 438 S .512
-(rsions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and).15 F/F4 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.012 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .513
-(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the).19 F(current locale')184 450 Q 2.5
-(sc)-.55 G(ollation sequence and)-2.5 E F4(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0
-(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat40)144 462 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 474 R F1(bash)
-3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F
-1.409(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422
-(string comparison when using the)184 486 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422
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(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 334.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 346.8 R .236
+(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 518.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
+(uments).18 E .236(The follo)180 530.4 R .236
(wing conditions are applied in the order listed.)-.25 F .236
(If the second ar)5.236 F .236(gument is one of)-.18 F .855
-(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 358.8 R 1.155 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F3(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F
-F4(,)A F0(the)3.105 E .579(result of the e)180 370.8 R .578(xpression i\
+(the binary conditional operators listed abo)180 542.4 R 1.155 -.15
+(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDITION)3.355 E .855(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F
+F4(,)A F0(the)3.104 E .578(result of the e)180 554.4 R .578(xpression i\
s the result of the binary test using the \214rst and third ar)-.15 F
-(guments)-.18 E 1.332(as operands.)180 382.8 R(The)6.332 E F1<ad61>3.832
-E F0(and)3.832 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.333
+(guments)-.18 E 1.333(as operands.)180 566.4 R(The)6.333 E F1<ad61>3.833
+E F0(and)3.833 E F1<ad6f>3.832 E F0 1.332
(operators are considered binary operators when there are)3.832 F .558
-(three ar)180 394.8 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058
+(three ar)180 578.4 R 3.058(guments. If)-.18 F .558(the \214rst ar)3.058
F .558(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.058 E F0 3.058(,t)C .558(he v)-3.058 F
.558(alue is the ne)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .558(tion of the tw).05 F
-(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .52(test using the second and third ar)180
-406.8 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .521
-(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.021 E F0 .521(and the third)
-3.021 F(ar)180 418.8 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985
-E F0 2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
+(o-ar)-.1 E(gument)-.18 E .521(test using the second and third ar)180
+590.4 R 3.021(guments. If)-.18 F .521(the \214rst ar)3.021 F .52
+(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.02 E F0 .52(and the third)3.02
+F(ar)180 602.4 Q .485(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))2.985 E F0
+2.985(,t)C .485(he result is the one-ar)-2.985 F .485
(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F 2.985(gument. Other)-.18 F(-)-.2 E
-(wise, the e)180 430.8 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144
-442.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .384(If the \214rst ar)180 454.8 R
-.384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385
-(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .385(tion of the three-ar)
-.05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.648
-(posed of the remaining ar)180 466.8 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F
-1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.647(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25
+(wise, the e)180 614.4 Q(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144
+626.4 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385(If the \214rst ar)180 638.4 R
+.385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885(,t)C .385
+(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384(tion of the three-ar)
+.05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)-.15 F 1.647
+(posed of the remaining ar)180 650.4 R 4.147(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F
+1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25
G(luated).25 E(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180
-478.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 490.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)
--2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 502.8 R 1.635
+662.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 674.4 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)
+-2.5 E(guments)-.18 E 1.635(The e)180 686.4 R 1.635
(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.635
(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180
-514.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 532.8 Q F1(test)2.5 E
+698.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E(When used with)144 716.4 Q F1(test)2.5 E
F0(or)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1
(>)2.5 E F0(operators sort le)2.5 E
-(xicographically using ASCII ordering.)-.15 E F1(times)108 549.6 Q F0
-1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\
- processes run from the shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 561.6
-Q F1(trap)108 578.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F0 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F2(ar)
-A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .702(The command)144
-590.4 R F2(ar)3.532 E(g)-.37 E F0 .702(is to be read and e)3.422 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .702(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.203
-(ss).15 G(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F2(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)
--5.703 E F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0(is)3.423 E .609
-(absent \(and there is a single)144 602.4 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108
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-(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
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--.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .659
-(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec)
-144.34 626.4 Q F0 .581
-(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58
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-F(gu-)-.18 E .86(ments are supplied or if only)144 650.4 R F1<ad70>3.36
-E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
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-(names are case insensiti)144 686.4 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
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--.35 E .146(shell function \(see)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .146
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
-F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)
-2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 96 Q F2(shopt)3.2 E
-F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25
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-/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F1(RETURN)3.2 E/F4 9
-/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 108 Q F3(ar)
-3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643
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+shell.)13.23 F(The return status is 0.)144 96 Q F1(trap)108 112.8 Q F0
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+124.8 R F2(ar)3.533 E(g)-.37 E F0 .703(is to be read and e)3.423 F -.15
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+(absent \(and there is a single)144 136.8 R F2(sigspec)3.108 E F0 3.108
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+(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
+.659(\(the v)144 148.8 R .659(alue it had upon entrance to the shell\).)
+-.25 F(If)5.658 E F2(ar)3.488 E(g)-.37 E F0 .658
+(is the null string the signal speci\214ed by each)3.378 F F2(sigspec)
+144.34 160.8 Q F0 .58(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)
+3.39 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.081(s. If).1 F F2(ar)3.411 E(g)-.37 E
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+/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIG)2.5 E F0(pre\214x is optional.)2.25 E 1.649
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+(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 262.8 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)
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+(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
+(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 274.8 R F3 .145
+(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
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(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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--.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 120 Q -.15(xe)-.15
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-(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F1(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009
-(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008
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-(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 162 R .324
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+(eturn v)-2.651 F(alue)-.25 E(is being in)144 376.8 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G
+(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(hese are the same conditions obe)-5
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(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
-204 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
-(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 216 R .662
-(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is)
--.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 228 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1
-E(y)-.15 E F3(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G
-(lid; otherwise).25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108
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-(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 256.8 S .173
-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F3(name)
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-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
-F2<ad74>144 268.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0
-.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F3(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
-F3 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F3(function)3.343 E F0
-(,).24 E F3 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F3
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-(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F3
-(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 292.8 R .118
-(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
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-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 304.8 R .855
-(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F3(name)3.715 E F0
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--.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
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-F0(and)144 340.8 Q F2<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
-.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F1
--.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F2<ad61>2.944
-E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 352.8 R F2(type)2.765 E F0 .265
-(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265
-(cutable named).15 F F3(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
-(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the)
-144 364.8 R F2<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
-.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548
-(consulted when using)144 376.8 R F2<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
--5.548 E F2<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549
-(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F2
-(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 388.8 S(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5 E F0
-(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E
-(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F2(ulimit)108 405.6
-Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F3
-(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 417.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
+394.8 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
+(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 406.8 R .662
+(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is)
+-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 418.8 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)
+-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G
+(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108
+435.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
+(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 447.6 S .174
+(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)
+3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
+(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
+F1<ad74>144 459.6 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0
+.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
+F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0
+(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2
+(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 471.6 Q F0 .087
+(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
+(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2
+(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 483.6 R .118
+(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
+F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 495.6 R .855
+(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
+.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144
+507.6 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641
+(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1
+<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)
+-.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 519.6 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)
+C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613
+F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113
+(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F1<ad70>
+2.612 E F0(and)144 531.6 Q F1<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23
+F .731
+(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
+F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1<ad61>
+144 543.6 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748
+(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748
+(cutable named).15 F F2(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744
+(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 555.6 R F1<ad70>
+3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744
+(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
+144 567.6 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0
+1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the)
+144 579.6 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)
+5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326
+(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326
+(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 591.6 Q F1(ulimit)108 608.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A
+(Pro)144 620.4 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15
+G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.943(that allo)144 429.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
-(The)5.943 E F
2<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
+.943(that allo)144 632.4 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
+(The)5.943 E F
1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 441.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
+144 644.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 453.6 R .425
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F
2<ad48>2.926 E
-F0(nor)2.926 E F
2<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
+ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 656.4 R .425
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F
1<ad48>2.926 E
+F0(nor)2.926 E F
1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-465.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F3(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+668.4 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.741(of the special v)144 477.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F2
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.741(of the special v)144 680.4 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 489.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F3(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 692.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144
501.6 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0
+F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144
704.4 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 513.6 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
-<ad61>144 525.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2<ad62>144
-537.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
-F2<ad63>144 549.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
-F2<ad64>144 561.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
--.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 573.6 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 585.6 Q
-F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
-26.97 E F2<ad69>144 597.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
-27.52 E F2<ad6c>144 609.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 621.6 Q F0
-(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 633.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
-e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
-645.6 Q F2<ad70>144 657.6 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2
-<ad71>144 669.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F2<ad72>144
-681.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F2<ad73>144
-693.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2<ad74>144 705.6 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2<ad75>144 717.6 Q
-F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505
-E(69)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 716.4 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E
+(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(69)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 70 70
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
%%EndPageSetup
/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad76>144 84 Q F0 .47
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0
+(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144 96 Q F0
+(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>
+144 108 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E F1<ad64>
+144 120 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G
+(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 132 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 144 Q F0
+(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97
+E F1<ad69>144 156 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1
+<ad6c>144 168 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 180 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 192 Q F0 .791(The \
+maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
+24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
+204 Q F1<ad70>144 216 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
+<ad71>144 228 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
+24.74 E F1<ad72>144 240 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
+25.86 E F1<ad73>144 252 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
+264 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
+276 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 288 Q F0 .47
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 96
-Q F1<ad78>144 108 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1
-<ad54>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 136.8 Q
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
-(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi)
-144 148.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175
-(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 160.8
-Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
-A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1
-<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E
-3.787(ues. The)144 172.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 300
+Q F1<ad78>144 312 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1
+<ad54>144 324 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 340.8 Q
+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468
+(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F
+2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468
+E .044(no option is gi)144 352.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1
+<ad66>2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
+<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .403(in seconds;)144
+364.8 R F1<ad70>2.903 E F0 2.903(,w)C .402
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks; and)-2.903 F F1<ad54>2.902 E F0(,)
+A F1<ad62>2.902 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.902 E F0 2.902(,a)C(nd)-2.902 E F1
+<ad75>2.902 E F0 2.902(,w)C .402(hich are unscaled)-2.902 F -.25(va)144
+376.8 S 3.082(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083
+F -.25(va)-.4 G .583(lid option or ar).25 F .583
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-184.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+388.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 405.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 213.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 417.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 225.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-237.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
+pted by)144 429.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+441.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 249.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 453.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 261.6 Q F0 .552
+(mode)144.38 465.6 Q F0 .552
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
-F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 273.6 Q
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 477.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 290.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 302.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 494.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 506.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+F(remo)144 518.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 331.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 343.2 S 3.828
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 535.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 547.2 S 3.828
(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E
1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327
(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.827 E F0
1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)
-144.36 355.2 Q F0 1.55(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551
+144.36 559.2 Q F0 1.55(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551
(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F
-4.642(unset. If)144
367.2 R F1<ad66>4.642 E F0 2.142
+4.642(unset. If)144
571.2 R F1<ad66>4.642 E F0 2.142
(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141
(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 F
-(remo)144 379.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.898(d. If).15 F .398
+(remo)144 583.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.898(d. If).15 F .398
(no options are supplied, each)2.898 F F2(name)2.898 E F0 .398
(refers to a v)2.898 F .399(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .399
-(ariable by that)-.25 F .579(name, an)144 391.2 R 3.079(yf)-.15 G .579
+(ariable by that)-.25 F .579(name, an)144 595.2 R 3.079(yf)-.15 G .579
(unction with that name is unset.)-3.079 F .579(Each unset v)5.579 F
.579(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.078(df).15 G
-.578(rom the)-3.078 F(en)144 403.2 Q .045
+.578(rom the)-3.078 F(en)144 607.2 Q .045
(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F .046(If an)5.046 F 2.546
(yo)-.15 G(f)-2.546 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)2.546 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09
E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.296 E F4(,)A F3(SEC-)2.296 E
-(ONDS)144 415.2 Q F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.641 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.641 E F4
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+(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F
+F2(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 333.6 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E
+(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 350.4 Q(Shell b)108 367.2 Q
(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E
1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\
-re not handled gracefully when)108 192 R .39
-(process suspension is attempted.)108 204 R .389
+re not handled gracefully when)108 384 R .39
+(process suspension is attempted.)108 396 R .389
(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15
G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192
-(mand in the sequence.)108 216 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to pl\
+(mand in the sequence.)108 408 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to pl\
ace the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25
-F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 228 Q(Array v)108 244.8
+F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 420 Q(Array v)108 436.8
Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
-(There may be only one acti)108 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
-(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 July 7)151.505 E
-(72)200.665 E 0 Cg EP
+(There may be only one acti)108 453.6 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
+(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)
+135.955 E(72)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
@xrdef{Positional Parameters-title}{Positional Parameters}
@xrdef{Positional Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.1}
@xrdef{Shell Parameters-pg}{17}
-@xrdef{Positional Parameters-pg}{17}
@xrdef{Special Parameters-title}{Special Parameters}
@xrdef{Special Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.2}
+@xrdef{Positional Parameters-pg}{18}
@xrdef{Special Parameters-pg}{18}
@xrdef{Shell Expansions-title}{Shell Expansions}
@xrdef{Shell Expansions-snt}{Section@tie 3.5}
@xrdef{Command Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.4}
@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-title}{Arithmetic Expansion}
@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.5}
-@xrdef{Process Substitution-title}{Process Substitution}
-@xrdef{Process Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.6}
@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{24}
@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{24}
-@xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{24}
+@xrdef{Process Substitution-title}{Process Substitution}
+@xrdef{Process Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.6}
@xrdef{Word Splitting-title}{Word Splitting}
@xrdef{Word Splitting-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.7}
@xrdef{Filename Expansion-title}{Filename Expansion}
@xrdef{Filename Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8}
+@xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{25}
@xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{25}
@xrdef{Filename Expansion-pg}{25}
@xrdef{Pattern Matching-title}{Pattern Matching}
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.2}
@xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{31}
@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{31}
-@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{31}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-title}{Command Execution Environment}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.3}
+@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{32}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{32}
@xrdef{Environment-title}{Environment}
@xrdef{Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.4}
+@xrdef{Environment-pg}{33}
@xrdef{Exit Status-title}{Exit Status}
@xrdef{Exit Status-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.5}
-@xrdef{Environment-pg}{33}
-@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{33}
@xrdef{Signals-title}{Signals}
@xrdef{Signals-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.6}
+@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{34}
+@xrdef{Signals-pg}{34}
@xrdef{Shell Scripts-title}{Shell Scripts}
@xrdef{Shell Scripts-snt}{Section@tie 3.8}
-@xrdef{Signals-pg}{34}
@xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{35}
@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-title}{Shell Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-snt}{Chapter@tie 4}
@xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-pg}{37}
@xrdef{Bash Builtins-title}{Bash Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Bash Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.2}
-@xrdef{Bash Builtins-pg}{43}
+@xrdef{Bash Builtins-pg}{44}
@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-title}{Modifying Shell Behavior}
@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 4.3}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-title}{The Set Builtin}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.1}
-@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{53}
+@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{54}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{54}
@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-title}{The Shopt Builtin}
@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.2}
-@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{57}
+@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{58}
@xrdef{Special Builtins-title}{Special Builtins}
@xrdef{Special Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.4}
-@xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{62}
+@xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{63}
@xrdef{Shell Variables-title}{Shell Variables}
@xrdef{Shell Variables-snt}{Chapter@tie 5}
@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-title}{Bourne Shell Variables}
@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 6.8.1}
@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{85}
@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{85}
-@xrdef{Printing a Prompt-title}{Controlling the Prompt}
-@xrdef{Printing a Prompt-snt}{Section@tie 6.9}
-@xrdef{Printing a Prompt-pg}{86}
+@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-title}{Controlling the Prompt}
+@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-snt}{Section@tie 6.9}
+@xrdef{Controlling the Prompt-pg}{87}
@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-title}{The Restricted Shell}
@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-snt}{Section@tie 6.10}
@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-title}{Bash POSIX Mode}
@xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators}
@xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1}
@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{129}
-@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{129}
@xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators}
@xrdef{Word Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.2}
+@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{130}
@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{130}
@xrdef{Modifiers-title}{Modifiers}
@xrdef{Modifiers-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.3}
\entry{continue}{38}{\code {continue}}
\entry{eval}{38}{\code {eval}}
\entry{exec}{38}{\code {exec}}
-\entry{exit}{38}{\code {exit}}
+\entry{exit}{39}{\code {exit}}
\entry{export}{39}{\code {export}}
\entry{getopts}{39}{\code {getopts}}
\entry{hash}{40}{\code {hash}}
\entry{trap}{42}{\code {trap}}
\entry{umask}{43}{\code {umask}}
\entry{unset}{43}{\code {unset}}
-\entry{alias}{43}{\code {alias}}
+\entry{alias}{44}{\code {alias}}
\entry{bind}{44}{\code {bind}}
\entry{builtin}{45}{\code {builtin}}
\entry{caller}{45}{\code {caller}}
\entry{enable}{48}{\code {enable}}
\entry{help}{48}{\code {help}}
\entry{let}{48}{\code {let}}
-\entry{local}{48}{\code {local}}
+\entry{local}{49}{\code {local}}
\entry{logout}{49}{\code {logout}}
\entry{mapfile}{49}{\code {mapfile}}
\entry{printf}{49}{\code {printf}}
\entry{read}{50}{\code {read}}
\entry{readarray}{51}{\code {readarray}}
-\entry{source}{51}{\code {source}}
+\entry{source}{52}{\code {source}}
\entry{type}{52}{\code {type}}
\entry{typeset}{52}{\code {typeset}}
\entry{ulimit}{52}{\code {ulimit}}
\entry{unalias}{53}{\code {unalias}}
\entry{set}{54}{\code {set}}
-\entry{shopt}{57}{\code {shopt}}
+\entry{shopt}{58}{\code {shopt}}
\entry{dirs}{85}{\code {dirs}}
\entry{popd}{86}{\code {popd}}
\entry{pushd}{86}{\code {pushd}}
\initial {[}
\entry {\code {[}}{41}
\initial {A}
-\entry {\code {alias}}{43}
+\entry {\code {alias}}{44}
\initial {B}
\entry {\code {bg}}{94}
\entry {\code {bind}}{44}
\entry {\code {enable}}{48}
\entry {\code {eval}}{38}
\entry {\code {exec}}{38}
-\entry {\code {exit}}{38}
+\entry {\code {exit}}{39}
\entry {\code {export}}{39}
\initial {F}
\entry {\code {fc}}{127}
\entry {\code {kill}}{95}
\initial {L}
\entry {\code {let}}{48}
-\entry {\code {local}}{48}
+\entry {\code {local}}{49}
\entry {\code {logout}}{49}
\initial {M}
\entry {\code {mapfile}}{49}
\initial {S}
\entry {\code {set}}{54}
\entry {\code {shift}}{41}
-\entry {\code {shopt}}{57}
-\entry {\code {source}}{51}
+\entry {\code {shopt}}{58}
+\entry {\code {source}}{52}
\entry {\code {suspend}}{95}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {test}}{41}
\entry{parameters}{17}{parameters}
\entry{variable, shell}{17}{variable, shell}
\entry{shell variable}{17}{shell variable}
-\entry{parameters, positional}{17}{parameters, positional}
+\entry{parameters, positional}{18}{parameters, positional}
\entry{parameters, special}{18}{parameters, special}
\entry{expansion}{19}{expansion}
\entry{brace expansion}{19}{brace expansion}
\entry{command substitution}{24}{command substitution}
\entry{expansion, arithmetic}{24}{expansion, arithmetic}
\entry{arithmetic expansion}{24}{arithmetic expansion}
-\entry{process substitution}{24}{process substitution}
+\entry{process substitution}{25}{process substitution}
\entry{word splitting}{25}{word splitting}
\entry{expansion, filename}{25}{expansion, filename}
\entry{expansion, pathname}{25}{expansion, pathname}
\entry{matching, pattern}{26}{matching, pattern}
\entry{redirection}{27}{redirection}
\entry{command expansion}{31}{command expansion}
-\entry{command execution}{31}{command execution}
-\entry{command search}{31}{command search}
+\entry{command execution}{32}{command execution}
+\entry{command search}{32}{command search}
\entry{execution environment}{32}{execution environment}
\entry{environment}{33}{environment}
-\entry{exit status}{33}{exit status}
+\entry{exit status}{34}{exit status}
\entry{signal handling}{34}{signal handling}
\entry{shell script}{35}{shell script}
-\entry{special builtin}{62}{special builtin}
+\entry{special builtin}{63}{special builtin}
\entry{login shell}{77}{login shell}
\entry{interactive shell}{77}{interactive shell}
\entry{startup files}{77}{startup files}
\entry{alias expansion}{83}{alias expansion}
\entry{arrays}{84}{arrays}
\entry{directory stack}{85}{directory stack}
-\entry{prompting}{86}{prompting}
+\entry{prompting}{87}{prompting}
\entry{restricted shell}{88}{restricted shell}
\entry{POSIX Mode}{88}{POSIX Mode}
\entry{job control}{93}{job control}
\entry{history list}{127}{history list}
\entry{history builtins}{127}{history builtins}
\entry{history expansion}{129}{history expansion}
-\entry{event designators}{129}{event designators}
-\entry{history events}{129}{history events}
+\entry{event designators}{130}{event designators}
+\entry{history events}{130}{history events}
\entry{installation}{133}{installation}
\entry{configuration}{133}{configuration}
\entry{Bash installation}{133}{Bash installation}
\entry {builtin}{3}
\initial {C}
\entry {command editing}{98}
-\entry {command execution}{31}
+\entry {command execution}{32}
\entry {command expansion}{31}
\entry {command history}{127}
-\entry {command search}{31}
+\entry {command search}{32}
\entry {command substitution}{24}
\entry {command timing}{8}
\entry {commands, compound}{9}
\entry {editing command lines}{98}
\entry {environment}{33}
\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{82}
-\entry {event designators}{129}
+\entry {event designators}{130}
\entry {execution environment}{32}
-\entry {exit status}{3, 33}
+\entry {exit status}{3, 34}
\entry {expansion}{19}
\entry {expansion, arithmetic}{24}
\entry {expansion, brace}{19}
\entry {functions, shell}{15}
\initial {H}
\entry {history builtins}{127}
-\entry {history events}{129}
+\entry {history events}{130}
\entry {history expansion}{129}
\entry {history list}{127}
\entry {History, how to use}{125}
\initial {P}
\entry {parameter expansion}{21}
\entry {parameters}{17}
-\entry {parameters, positional}{17}
+\entry {parameters, positional}{18}
\entry {parameters, special}{18}
\entry {pathname expansion}{25}
\entry {pattern matching}{26}
\entry {POSIX Mode}{88}
\entry {process group}{3}
\entry {process group ID}{3}
-\entry {process substitution}{24}
+\entry {process substitution}{25}
\entry {programmable completion}{119}
-\entry {prompting}{86}
+\entry {prompting}{87}
\initial {Q}
\entry {quoting}{6}
\entry {quoting, ANSI}{6}
\entry {shell, interactive}{78}
\entry {signal}{4}
\entry {signal handling}{34}
-\entry {special builtin}{4, 62}
+\entry {special builtin}{4, 63}
\entry {startup files}{77}
\entry {suspending jobs}{93}
\initial {T}
<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<!-- Created on July, 8 2011 by texi2html 1.64 -->
+<!-- Created on September, 26 2011 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
<H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P>
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.2, 7 July 2011).
+the Bash shell (version 4.2, 25 September 2011).
</P><P>
-This is Edition 4.2, last updated 7 July 2011,
+This is Edition 4.2, last updated 25 September 2011,
of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>,
for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.2.
</P><P>
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell (<TT>`sh'</TT>), the Korn Shell
(<TT>`ksh'</TT>), and the C-shell (<TT>`csh'</TT> and its successor,
-<TT>`tcsh'</TT>). The following menu breaks the features up into
+<TT>`tcsh'</TT>). The following menu breaks the features up into
categories based upon which one of these other shells inspired the
feature.
</P><P>
<A NAME="IDX25"></A>
<A NAME="IDX26"></A>
The format for a pipeline is
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<CODE>time</CODE> [<CODE>-p</CODE>]] [<CODE>!</CODE>] <VAR>command1</VAR> [ [<CODE>|</CODE> or <CODE>|&</CODE>] <VAR>command2</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[time [-p]] [!] <VAR>command1</VAR> [ | or |& <VAR>command2</VAR> ] <small>...</small>
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
The output of each command in the pipeline is connected via a pipe
command.
</P><P>
-If <SAMP>`|&'</SAMP> is used, the standard error of <VAR>command1</VAR> is connected to
-<VAR>command2</VAR>'s standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for
-<CODE>2>&1 |</CODE>. This implicit redirection of the standard error is
+If <SAMP>`|&'</SAMP> is used, <VAR>command1</VAR>'s standard output and standard error
+are connected to
+<VAR>command2</VAR>'s standard input through the pipe;
+it is shorthand for <CODE>2>&1 |</CODE>.
+This implicit redirection of the standard error is
performed after any redirections specified by the command.
</P><P>
<A NAME="IDX28"></A>
<A NAME="IDX29"></A>
The syntax of the <CODE>until</CODE> command is:
+<P>
+
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>until <VAR>test-commands</VAR>; do <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR>; done
-</pre></td></tr></table>Execute <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR> as long as
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+Execute <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR> as long as
<VAR>test-commands</VAR> has an exit status which is not zero.
The return status is the exit status of the last command executed
in <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR>, or zero if none was executed.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>while</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX30"></A>
The syntax of the <CODE>while</CODE> command is:
+<P>
+
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>while <VAR>test-commands</VAR>; do <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR>; done
-</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
Execute <VAR>consequent-commands</VAR> as long as
<VAR>test-commands</VAR> has an exit status of zero.
<P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>for <VAR>name</VAR> [ [in [<VAR>words</VAR> <small>...</small>] ] ; ] do <VAR>commands</VAR>; done
-</pre></td></tr></table>Expand <VAR>words</VAR>, and execute <VAR>commands</VAR> once for each member
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+Expand <VAR>words</VAR>, and execute <VAR>commands</VAR> once for each member
in the resultant list, with <VAR>name</VAR> bound to the current member.
If <SAMP>`in <VAR>words</VAR>'</SAMP> is not present, the <CODE>for</CODE> command
executes the <VAR>commands</VAR> once for each positional parameter that is
</P><P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>for (( <VAR>expr1</VAR> ; <VAR>expr2</VAR> ; <VAR>expr3</VAR> )) ; do <VAR>commands</VAR> ; done
-</pre></td></tr></table>First, the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr1</VAR> is evaluated according
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+First, the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr1</VAR> is evaluated according
to the rules described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
The arithmetic expression <VAR>expr2</VAR> is then evaluated repeatedly
until it evaluates to zero.
If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.
The return value is the exit status of the last command in <VAR>commands</VAR>
that is executed, or false if any of the expressions is invalid.
-</P><P>
-
</DL>
<P>
The syntax of the <CODE>case</CODE> command is:
<P>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>case <VAR>word</VAR> in [ [(] <VAR>pattern</VAR> [| <VAR>pattern</VAR>]<small>...</small>) <VAR>command-list</VAR> ;;]<small>...</small> esac</CODE>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>case <VAR>word</VAR> in [ [(] <VAR>pattern</VAR> [| <VAR>pattern</VAR>]<small>...</small>) <VAR>command-list</VAR> ;;]<small>...</small> esac
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<CODE>case</CODE> will selectively execute the <VAR>command-list</VAR> corresponding to
<DT><CODE><VAR>expression1</VAR> || <VAR>expression2</VAR></CODE>
<DD>True if either <VAR>expression1</VAR> or <VAR>expression2</VAR> is true.
</DL>
-The <CODE>&&</CODE> and <CODE>||</CODE> operators do not evaluate <VAR>expression2</VAR> if the
-value of <VAR>expression1</VAR> is sufficient to determine the return
-value of the entire conditional expression.
<P>
+The <CODE>&&</CODE> and <CODE>||</CODE> operators do not evaluate <VAR>[Bexpression2</VAR> if the
+value of <VAR>expression1</VAR> is sufficient to determine the return
+value of the entire conditional expression.
</DL>
<P>
</P><P>
The format for a coprocess is:
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>coproc</CODE> [<VAR>NAME</VAR>] <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>redirections</VAR>]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>coproc [<VAR>NAME</VAR>] <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>redirections</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
This creates a coprocess named <VAR>NAME</VAR>.
the first word of the simple command.
</P><P>
-When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable
+When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>)
-named <VAR>NAME</VAR> in the context of the executing shell.
+named <CODE>NAME</CODE> in the context of the executing shell.
The standard output of <VAR>command</VAR>
is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
-and that file descriptor is assigned to <VAR>NAME</VAR>[0].
+and that file descriptor is assigned to <CODE>NAME</CODE>[0].
The standard input of <VAR>command</VAR>
is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
-and that file descriptor is assigned to <VAR>NAME</VAR>[1].
+and that file descriptor is assigned to <CODE>NAME</CODE>[1].
This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the
command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>).
The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands
</P><P>
The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
-available as the value of the variable <VAR>NAME</VAR>_PID.
+available as the value of the variable <CODE>NAME</CODE>_PID.
The <CODE>wait</CODE>
builtin command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
</P><P>
Functions are declared using this syntax:
<A NAME="IDX45"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><VAR>name</VAR> () <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]<BR>or<BR>
-<CODE>function</CODE> <VAR>name</VAR> [()] <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><VAR>name</VAR> () <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+or
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>function <VAR>name</VAR> [()] <VAR>compound-command</VAR> [ <VAR>redirections</VAR> ]
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
This defines a shell function named <VAR>name</VAR>. The reserved
may be any compound command listed above.
<VAR>compound-command</VAR> is executed whenever <VAR>name</VAR> is specified as the
name of a command.
+When the shell is in POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>),
+<VAR>name</VAR> may not be the same as one of the special builtins
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A>).
Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with the shell function
are performed when the function is executed.
</P><P>
</P><P>
Function names and definitions may be listed with the
-<SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE>
-builtin command
s (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> (<CODE>typeset</CODE>)
+builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE>
will list the function names only
(and optionally the source file and line number, if the <CODE>extdebug</CODE>
<CODE>alias</CODE>,
<CODE>declare</CODE>, <CODE>typeset</CODE>, <CODE>export</CODE>, <CODE>readonly</CODE>,
and <CODE>local</CODE> builtin commands.
+When in POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>), these builtins may appear
+in a command after one or more instances of the <CODE>command</CODE> builtin
+and retain these assignment statement properties.
</P><P>
In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
<CODE>token</CODE>s. There are seven kinds of expansion performed:
+</P><P>
+
<UL>
<LI>brace expansion
<LI>tilde expansion
Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.
This mechanism is similar to
<VAR>filename expansion</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>),
-but the file names generated need not exist.
+but the filenames generated need not exist.
Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional <VAR>preamble</VAR>,
followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence expression
between a pair of braces,
Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immediately
following a <SAMP>`:'</SAMP> or the first <SAMP>`='</SAMP>.
In these cases, tilde expansion is also performed.
-Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in assignments to
+Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in assignments to
<CODE>PATH</CODE>, <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE>, and <CODE>CDPATH</CODE>,
and the shell assigns the expanded value.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>~-<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
<DD>The string that would be displayed by <SAMP>`dirs -<VAR>N</VAR>'</SAMP>
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
is an array variable subscripted with <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>,
the case modification operation is applied to each member of the
array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
If one of these characters appears, then the word is
regarded as a <VAR>pattern</VAR>,
and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of
-file
names matching the pattern (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>).
-If no matching file names are found,
+filenames matching the pattern (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>).
+If no matching filenames are found,
and the shell option <CODE>nullglob</CODE> is disabled, the word is left
unchanged.
If the <CODE>nullglob</CODE> option is set, and no matches are found, the word
When a pattern is used for filename expansion, the character <SAMP>`.'</SAMP>
at the start of a filename or immediately following a slash
must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option <CODE>dotglob</CODE> is set.
-When matching a file name, the slash character must always be
+When matching a filename, the slash character must always be
matched explicitly.
In other cases, the <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> character is not treated specially.
</P><P>
<DD>If <VAR>host</VAR> is a valid hostname or Internet address, and <VAR>port</VAR>
is an integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a UDP
connection to the corresponding socket.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
<VAR>delimiter</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
-No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
-or filename expansion is performed on
+No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
+arithmetic expansion, or filename expansion is performed on
<VAR>word</VAR>. If any characters in <VAR>word</VAR> are quoted, the
<VAR>delimiter</VAR> is the result of quote removal on <VAR>word</VAR>,
and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><<< <VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
-The <VAR>word</VAR>
-is expanded as described above, with the exception that
-pathname expansion is not applied, and supplied as a single string
-to the command on its standard input.
+The <VAR>word</VAR> undergoes
+brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal.
+Pathname expansion word splitting are not performed.
+The result is supplied as a single string to the command on its
+standard input.
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
</P><P>
When Bash invokes an external command, the variable <SAMP>`$_'</SAMP>
-is set to the full path name of the command and passed to that
+is set to the full pathname of the command and passed to that
command in its environment.
</P><P>
<VAR>waitpid</VAR> system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses
fall between 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may
use values above 125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and
-compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain
+compound commands are also limited to this range. Under certain
circumstances, the shell will use special values to indicate specific
failure modes.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>: (a colon)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX68"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>: [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Do nothing beyond expanding <VAR>arguments</VAR> and performing redirections.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Do nothing beyond expanding <VAR>arguments</VAR> and performing redirections.
The return status is zero.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>. (a period)</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX69"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>. <VAR>filename</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Read and execute commands from the <VAR>filename</VAR> argument in the
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Read and execute commands from the <VAR>filename</VAR> argument in the
current shell context. If <VAR>filename</VAR> does not contain a slash,
the <CODE>PATH</CODE> variable is used to find <VAR>filename</VAR>.
When Bash is not in POSIX mode, the current directory is searched
zero if no commands are executed. If <VAR>filename</VAR> is not found, or
cannot be read, the return status is non-zero.
This builtin is equivalent to <CODE>source</CODE>.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>break</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX70"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>break [<VAR>n</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Exit from a <CODE>for</CODE>, <CODE>while</CODE>, <CODE>until</CODE>, or <CODE>select</CODE> loop.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Exit from a <CODE>for</CODE>, <CODE>while</CODE>, <CODE>until</CODE>, or <CODE>select</CODE> loop.
If <VAR>n</VAR> is supplied, the <VAR>n</VAR>th enclosing loop is exited.
<VAR>n</VAR> must be greater than or equal to 1.
The return status is zero unless <VAR>n</VAR> is not greater than or equal to 1.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>cd</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX71"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [<VAR>directory</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Change the current working directory to <VAR>directory</VAR>.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Change the current working directory to <VAR>directory</VAR>.
If <VAR>directory</VAR> is not given, the value of the <CODE>HOME</CODE> shell
variable is used.
If the shell variable <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> exists, it is used as a search path.
If <VAR>directory</VAR> begins with a slash, <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is not used.
-<P>
+</P><P>
The <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic
links are followed by default or with the <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> option.
and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
after a successful directory change, <CODE>cd</CODE> will return an unsuccessful
status.
-If <VAR>directory</VAR> is <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, it is equivalent to <CODE>$OLDPWD</CODE>.
+If <VAR>directory</VAR> is <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, it is converted to <CODE>$OLDPWD</CODE>
+before the directory change is attempted.
</P><P>
If a non-empty directory name from <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is used, or if
<DT><CODE>continue</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX72"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>continue [<VAR>n</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Resume the next iteration of an enclosing <CODE>for</CODE>, <CODE>while</CODE>,
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Resume the next iteration of an enclosing <CODE>for</CODE>, <CODE>while</CODE>,
<CODE>until</CODE>, or <CODE>select</CODE> loop.
If <VAR>n</VAR> is supplied, the execution of the <VAR>n</VAR>th enclosing loop
is resumed.
<VAR>n</VAR> must be greater than or equal to 1.
The return status is zero unless <VAR>n</VAR> is not greater than or equal to 1.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>eval</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX73"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>eval [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>The arguments are concatenated together into a single command, which is
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+The arguments are concatenated together into a single command, which is
then read and executed, and its exit status returned as the exit status
of <CODE>eval</CODE>.
If there are no arguments or only empty arguments, the return status is
zero.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>exec</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX74"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>exec [-cl] [-a <VAR>name</VAR>] [<VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]]
-</pre></td></tr></table>If <VAR>command</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+If <VAR>command</VAR>
is supplied, it replaces the shell without creating a new process.
If the <SAMP>`-l'</SAMP> option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the
beginning of the zeroth argument passed to <VAR>command</VAR>.
environment.
If <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> is supplied, the shell passes <VAR>name</VAR> as the zeroth
argument to <VAR>command</VAR>.
+If <VAR>command</VAR>
+cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+unless the <CODE>execfail</CODE> shell option
+is enabled. In that case, it returns failure.
+An interactive shell returns failure if the file cannot be executed.
If no <VAR>command</VAR> is specified, redirections may be used to affect
the current shell environment. If there are no redirection errors, the
return status is zero; otherwise the return status is non-zero.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>exit</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX75"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>exit [<VAR>n</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Exit the shell, returning a status of <VAR>n</VAR> to the shell's parent.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Exit the shell, returning a status of <VAR>n</VAR> to the shell's parent.
If <VAR>n</VAR> is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed.
Any trap on <CODE>EXIT</CODE> is executed before the shell terminates.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>export</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX76"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>export [-fn] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>]]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Mark each <VAR>name</VAR> to be passed to child processes
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Mark each <VAR>name</VAR> to be passed to child processes
in the environment. If the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is supplied, the <VAR>name</VAR>s
refer to shell functions; otherwise the names refer to shell variables.
The <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> option means to no longer mark each <VAR>name</VAR> for export.
If no <VAR>names</VAR> are supplied, or if the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is given, a
-list of exported names is displayed.
+list of names of all exported variables is displayed.
The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option displays output in a form that may be reused as input.
If a variable name is followed by =<VAR>value</VAR>, the value of
the variable is set to <VAR>value</VAR>.
-<P>
+</P><P>
The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of
the names is not a valid shell variable name, or <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> is supplied
<DT><CODE>getopts</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX77"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>getopts <VAR>optstring</VAR> <VAR>name</VAR> [<VAR>args</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table><CODE>getopts</CODE> is used by shell scripts to parse positional parameters.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+<CODE>getopts</CODE> is used by shell scripts to parse positional parameters.
<VAR>optstring</VAR> contains the option characters to be recognized; if a
character is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an
-argument, which should be separated from it by white space.
+argument, which should be separated from it by whitespace.
The colon (<SAMP>`:'</SAMP>) and question mark (<SAMP>`?'</SAMP>) may not be
used as option characters.
Each time it is invoked, <CODE>getopts</CODE>
The shell does not reset <CODE>OPTIND</CODE> automatically; it must be manually
reset between multiple calls to <CODE>getopts</CODE> within the same shell
invocation if a new set of parameters is to be used.
-<P>
+</P><P>
When the end of options is encountered, <CODE>getopts</CODE> exits with a
return value greater than zero.
<CODE>getopts</CODE> can report errors in two ways. If the first character of
<VAR>optstring</VAR> is a colon, <VAR>silent</VAR>
-error reporting is used. In normal operation diagnostic messages
+error reporting is used. In normal operation, diagnostic messages
are printed when invalid options or missing option arguments are
encountered.
If the variable <CODE>OPTERR</CODE>
<DT><CODE>hash</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX78"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>hash [-r] [-p <VAR>filename</VAR>] [-dt] [<VAR>name</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Each time <CODE>hash</CODE> is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Each time <CODE>hash</CODE> is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the
commands specified as <VAR>name</VAR> arguments,
so they need not be searched for on subsequent invocations.
The commands are found by searching through the directories listed in
information about remembered commands is printed.
The return status is zero unless a <VAR>name</VAR> is not found or an invalid
option is supplied.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>pwd</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX79"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pwd [-LP]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
If the <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option is supplied, the pathname printed will not
contain symbolic links.
If the <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> option is supplied, the pathname printed may contain
The return status is zero unless an error is encountered while
determining the name of the current directory or an invalid option
is supplied.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>readonly</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX80"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>readonly [-aAf] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>]] <small>...</small>
-</pre></td></tr></table>Mark each <VAR>name</VAR> as readonly.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Mark each <VAR>name</VAR> as readonly.
The values of these names may not be changed by subsequent assignment.
If the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is supplied, each <VAR>name</VAR> refers to a shell
function.
The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied, one of
the <VAR>name</VAR> arguments is not a valid shell variable or function name,
or the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is supplied with a name that is not a shell function.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>return</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX81"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>return [<VAR>n</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Cause a shell function to exit with the return value <VAR>n</VAR>.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Cause a shell function to stop executing and return the value <VAR>n</VAR>
+to its caller.
If <VAR>n</VAR> is not supplied, the return value is the exit status of the
last command executed in the function.
-This may also be used to terminate execution of a script being executed
-with the <CODE>.</CODE> (or <CODE>source</CODE>) builtin, returning either <VAR>n</VAR> or
+<CODE>return</CODE> may also be used to terminate execution of a script
+being executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> (<CODE>source</CODE>) builtin,
+returning either <VAR>n</VAR> or
the exit status of the last command executed within the script as the exit
status of the script.
Any command associated with the <CODE>RETURN</CODE> trap is executed
before execution resumes after the function or script.
The return status is non-zero if <CODE>return</CODE> is used outside a function
and not during the execution of a script by <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE>.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>shift</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX82"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>shift [<VAR>n</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Shift the positional parameters to the left by <VAR>n</VAR>.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Shift the positional parameters to the left by <VAR>n</VAR>.
The positional parameters from <VAR>n</VAR>+1 <small>...</small> <CODE>$#</CODE> are
renamed to <CODE>$1</CODE> <small>...</small> <CODE>$#</CODE>-<VAR>n</VAR>.
Parameters represented by the numbers <CODE>$#</CODE> to <CODE>$#</CODE>-<VAR>n</VAR>+1
If <VAR>n</VAR> is not supplied, it is assumed to be 1.
The return status is zero unless <VAR>n</VAR> is greater than <CODE>$#</CODE> or
less than zero, non-zero otherwise.
-<P>
+</P><P>
-<DT><CODE>test</CODE>
+<DT><CODE>test[B</CODE>
<DD><DT><CODE>[</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX83"></A>
<A NAME="IDX84"></A>
-Evaluate a conditional expression <VAR>expr</VAR>.
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>test <VAR>expr</VAR>
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Evaluate a conditional expression <VAR>expr</VAR> and return a status of 0
+(true) or 1 (false).
Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.
Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
<CODE>test</CODE> does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> as signifying the end of options.
-<P>
+</P><P>
When the <CODE>[</CODE> form is used, the last argument to the command must
be a <CODE>]</CODE>.
<DT><CODE>times</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX85"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>times
-</pre></td></tr></table>Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its children.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its children.
The return status is zero.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>trap</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX86"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>trap [-lp] [<VAR>arg</VAR>] [<VAR>sigspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>The commands in <VAR>arg</VAR> are to be read and executed when the
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+The commands in <VAR>arg</VAR> are to be read and executed when the
shell receives signal <VAR>sigspec</VAR>. If <VAR>arg</VAR> is absent (and
there is a single <VAR>sigspec</VAR>) or
equal to <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, each specified signal's disposition is reset
and their corresponding numbers.
Each <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is either a signal name or a signal number.
Signal names are case insensitive and the <CODE>SIG</CODE> prefix is optional.
-<P>
+</P><P>
If a <VAR>sigspec</VAR>
is <CODE>0</CODE> or <CODE>EXIT</CODE>, <VAR>arg</VAR> is executed when the shell exits.
<DT><CODE>umask</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX87"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>umask [-p] [-S] [<VAR>mode</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Set the shell process's file creation mask to <VAR>mode</VAR>. If
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Set the shell process's file creation mask to <VAR>mode</VAR>. If
<VAR>mode</VAR> begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number;
if not, it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar
to that accepted by the <CODE>chmod</CODE> command. If <VAR>mode</VAR> is
is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.
The return status is zero if the mode is successfully changed or if
no <VAR>mode</VAR> argument is supplied, and non-zero otherwise.
-<P>
+</P><P>
Note that when the mode is interpreted as an octal number, each number
of the umask is subtracted from <CODE>7</CODE>. Thus, a umask of <CODE>022</CODE>
<DT><CODE>unset</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX88"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>unset [-fv] [<VAR>name</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Each variable or function <VAR>name</VAR> is removed.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Remove each variable or function <VAR>name</VAR>.
If the <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option is given, each
<VAR>name</VAR> refers to a shell variable and that variable is remvoved.
If the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option is given, the <VAR>name</VAR>s refer to shell
<DT><CODE>alias</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX89"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>alias [<CODE>-p</CODE>] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>alias [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Without arguments or with the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option, <CODE>alias</CODE> prints
<DT><CODE>builtin</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX91"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>builtin [<VAR>shell-builtin</VAR> [<VAR>args</VAR>]]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Run a shell builtin, passing it <VAR>args</VAR>, and return its exit status.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Run a shell builtin, passing it <VAR>args</VAR>, and return its exit status.
This is useful when defining a shell function with the same
name as a shell builtin, retaining the functionality of the builtin within
the function.
The return status is non-zero if <VAR>shell-builtin</VAR> is not a shell
builtin command.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>caller</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX92"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>caller [<VAR>expr</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell function or
a script executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins).
-<P>
+</P><P>
Without <VAR>expr</VAR>, <CODE>caller</CODE> displays the line number and source
filename of the current subroutine call.
<DT><CODE>command</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX93"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>command [-pVv] <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Runs <VAR>command</VAR> with <VAR>arguments</VAR> ignoring any shell function
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Runs <VAR>command</VAR> with <VAR>arguments</VAR> ignoring any shell function
named <VAR>command</VAR>.
Only shell builtin commands or commands found by searching the
<CODE>PATH</CODE> are executed.
The return status in this case is 127 if <VAR>command</VAR> cannot be
found or an error occurred, and the exit status of <VAR>command</VAR>
otherwise.
-<P>
+</P><P>
If either the <SAMP>`-V'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option is supplied, a
description of <VAR>command</VAR> is printed. The <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option
<DT><CODE>declare</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX94"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>declare [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Declare variables and give them attributes. If no <VAR>name</VAR>s
<DT><CODE>echo</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX95"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>echo [-neE] [<VAR>arg</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Output the <VAR>arg</VAR>s, separated by spaces, terminated with a
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Output the <VAR>arg</VAR>s, separated by spaces, terminated with a
newline.
The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs.
If <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> is specified, the trailing newline is suppressed.
dynamically determine whether or not <CODE>echo</CODE> expands these
escape characters by default.
<CODE>echo</CODE> does not interpret <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> to mean the end of options.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<CODE>echo</CODE> interprets the following escape sequences:
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>enable</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX96"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f <VAR>filename</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Enable and disable builtin shell commands.
Disabling a builtin allows a disk command which has the same name
as a shell builtin to be executed without specifying a full pathname,
even though the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
<VAR>name</VAR>s are enabled. For example, to use the <CODE>test</CODE> binary
found via <CODE>$PATH</CODE> instead of the shell builtin version, type
<SAMP>`enable -n test'</SAMP>.
-<P>
+</P><P>
If the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is supplied, or no <VAR>name</VAR> arguments appear,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other arguments, the list
<DT><CODE>help</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX97"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>help [-dms] [<VAR>pattern</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Display helpful information about builtin commands.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Display helpful information about builtin commands.
If <VAR>pattern</VAR> is specified, <CODE>help</CODE> gives detailed help
on all commands matching <VAR>pattern</VAR>, otherwise a list of
the builtins is printed.
-<P>
+</P><P>
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>let</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX98"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let <VAR>expression</VAR> [<VAR>expression</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>The <CODE>let</CODE> builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let <VAR>expression</VAR> [<VAR>expression</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+The <CODE>let</CODE> builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell
variables. Each <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the
rules given below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>. If the
last <VAR>expression</VAR> evaluates to 0, <CODE>let</CODE> returns 1;
otherwise 0 is returned.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>local</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX99"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>local [<VAR>option</VAR>] <VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>
-</pre></td></tr></table>For each argument, a local variable named <VAR>name</VAR> is created,
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+For each argument, a local variable named <VAR>name</VAR> is created,
and assigned <VAR>value</VAR>.
The <VAR>option</VAR> can be any of the options accepted by <CODE>declare</CODE>.
<CODE>local</CODE> can only be used within a function; it makes the variable
children. The return status is zero unless <CODE>local</CODE> is used outside
a function, an invalid <VAR>name</VAR> is supplied, or <VAR>name</VAR> is a
readonly variable.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>logout</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX100"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>logout [<VAR>n</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Exit a login shell, returning a status of <VAR>n</VAR> to the shell's
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Exit a login shell, returning a status of <VAR>n</VAR> to the shell's
parent.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>mapfile</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX101"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>mapfile [-n <VAR>count</VAR>] [-O <VAR>origin</VAR>] [-s <VAR>count</VAR>] [-t] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>] [
--C <VAR>callback</VAR>] [-c <VAR>quantum</VAR>] [<VAR>array</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <VAR>array</VAR>,
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>mapfile [-n <VAR>count</VAR>] [-O <VAR>origin</VAR>] [-s <VAR>count</VAR>] [-t] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>]
+ [-C <VAR>callback</VAR>] [-c <VAR>quantum</VAR>] [<VAR>array</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <VAR>array</VAR>,
or from file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR>
if the <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP> option is supplied.
The variable <CODE>MAPFILE</CODE> is the default <VAR>array</VAR>.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
+</P><P>
+
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
<DT><CODE>printf</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX102"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>printf [-v <VAR>var</VAR>] <VAR>format</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Write the formatted <VAR>arguments</VAR> to the standard output under the
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Write the formatted <VAR>arguments</VAR> to the standard output under the
control of the <VAR>format</VAR>.
The <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
<VAR>var</VAR> rather than being printed to the standard output.
-<P>
+</P><P>
The <VAR>format</VAR> is a character string which contains three types of objects:
plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>%b</CODE>
-<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to expand backslash escape sequences in the
+<DD>Causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR>,
-(except that <SAMP>`\c'</SAMP> terminates output, backslashes in
+except that <SAMP>`\c'</SAMP> terminates output, backslashes in
<SAMP>`\''</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\"'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`\?'</SAMP> are not removed, and octal escapes
-beginning with <SAMP>`\0'</SAMP> may contain up to four digits).
+beginning with <SAMP>`\0'</SAMP> may contain up to four digits.
<DT><CODE>%q</CODE>
-<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the
+<DD>Causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the
corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR> in a format that can be reused as shell input.
<DT><CODE>%(<VAR>datefmt</VAR>)T</CODE>
-<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the date-time string resulting from using
+<DD>Causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the date-time string resulting from using
<VAR>datefmt</VAR> as a format string for <CODE>strftime</CODE>(3). The corresponding
<VAR>argument</VAR> is an integer representing the number of seconds since the
epoch. Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current
<DT><CODE>read</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX103"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>read [-ers] [-a <VAR>aname</VAR>] [-d <VAR>delim</VAR>] [-i <VAR>text</VAR>] [-n <VAR>nchars</VAR>] [-N <VAR>nchars</VAR>] [-p <VAR>prompt</VAR>] [-t <VAR>timeout</VAR>] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>read [-ers] [-a <VAR>aname</VAR>] [-d <VAR>delim</VAR>] [-i <VAR>text</VAR>] [-n <VAR>nchars</VAR>]
+ [-N <VAR>nchars</VAR>] [-p <VAR>prompt</VAR>] [-t <VAR>timeout</VAR>] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+One line is read from the standard input, or from the file descriptor
<VAR>fd</VAR> supplied as an argument to the <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP> option, and the first word
is assigned to the first <VAR>name</VAR>, the second word to the second <VAR>name</VAR>,
and so on, with leftover words and their intervening separators assigned
The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, <CODE>read</CODE>
times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), or an
invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>.
-<P>
+</P><P>
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
</P><P>
This option is only effective if <CODE>read</CODE> is reading input from a
terminal, pipe, or other special file; it has no effect when reading
from regular files.
-If <VAR>timeout</VAR> is 0, <CODE>read</CODE> returns success if input is available on
-the specified file descriptor, failure otherwise.
+If <VAR>timeout</VAR> is 0, <CODE>read</CODE> returns immediately, without trying to
+read and data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on
+the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise.
The exit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-u <VAR>fd</VAR></CODE>
<DD>Read input from file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR>.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
<DT><CODE>readarray</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX104"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>readarray [-n <VAR>count</VAR>] [-O <VAR>origin</VAR>] [-s <VAR>count</VAR>] [-t] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>] [
--C <VAR>callback</VAR>] [-c <VAR>quantum</VAR>] [<VAR>array</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <VAR>array</VAR>,
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>readarray [-n <VAR>count</VAR>] [-O <VAR>origin</VAR>] [-s <VAR>count</VAR>] [-t] [-u <VAR>fd</VAR>]
+ [-C <VAR>callback</VAR>] [-c <VAR>quantum</VAR>] [<VAR>array</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <VAR>array</VAR>,
or from file descriptor <VAR>fd</VAR>
if the <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP> option is supplied.
-<P>
+</P><P>
A synonym for <CODE>mapfile</CODE>.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>source</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX105"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>source <VAR>filename</VAR>
-</pre></td></tr></table>A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
-<P>
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>type</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX106"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>type [-afptP] [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>For each <VAR>name</VAR>, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+For each <VAR>name</VAR>, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
command name.
-<P>
+</P><P>
If the <SAMP>`-t'</SAMP> option is used, <CODE>type</CODE> prints a single word
which is one of <SAMP>`alias'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`function'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`builtin'</SAMP>,
</P><P>
If a command is hashed, <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> print the hashed value,
-not necessarily the file that appears first in <CODE>$PATH</CODE>.
+which is not necessarily the file that appears first in <CODE>$PATH</CODE>.
</P><P>
If the <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> option is used, <CODE>type</CODE> returns all of the places
<DT><CODE>typeset</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX107"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>typeset [-afFrxi] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>The <CODE>typeset</CODE> command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn
-shell; however, it has been deprecated in favor of the <CODE>declare</CODE>
-builtin command.
-<P>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>typeset [-afFgrxilrtux] [-p] [<VAR>name</VAR>[=<VAR>value</VAR>] <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+The <CODE>typeset</CODE> command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn
+shell.
+It is a synonym for the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin command.
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>ulimit</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX108"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ulimit [-abcdefilmnpqrstuvxHST] [<VAR>limit</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table><CODE>ulimit</CODE> provides control over the resources available to processes
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+<CODE>ulimit</CODE> provides control over the resources available to processes
started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an
option is given, it is interpreted as follows:
+</P><P>
+
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>-S</CODE>
<DD>Change and report the soft limit associated with a resource.
<DT><CODE>-T</CODE>
<DD>The maximum number of threads.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
-If <VAR>limit</VAR> is given, it is the new value of the specified resource;
-the special <VAR>limit</VAR> values <CODE>hard</CODE>, <CODE>soft</CODE>, and
+If <VAR>limit</VAR> is given, and the <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> option is not used,
+<VAR>limit</VAR> is the new value of the specified resource.
+The special <VAR>limit</VAR> values <CODE>hard</CODE>, <CODE>soft</CODE>, and
<CODE>unlimited</CODE> stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit,
and no limit, respectively.
A hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set;
When setting new limits, if neither <SAMP>`-H'</SAMP> nor <SAMP>`-S'</SAMP> is supplied,
both the hard and soft limits are set.
If no option is given, then <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte
-increments, except for <SAMP>`-t'</SAMP>, which is in seconds, <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP>,
-which is in units of 512-byte blocks, and <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>, which
-are unscaled values.
+increments, except for <SAMP>`-t'</SAMP>, which is in seconds; <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP>,
+which is in units of 512-byte blocks; and <SAMP>`-T'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`-b'</SAMP>,
+<SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>, which are unscaled values.
</P><P>
The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is supplied,
Remove each <VAR>name</VAR> from the list of aliases. If <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> is
supplied, all aliases are removed.
Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>.
-</P><P>
-
</DL>
<P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-e</CODE>
-<DD>Exit immediately if a pipeline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A>), which may consist
-of a single simple command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A>),
-a subshell command enclosed in parentheses (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC22">3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands</A>),
-or one of the commands executed as part of a command list enclosed
-by braces (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC22">3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands</A>)
+<DD>Exit immediately if
+a pipeline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A>), which may consist of a single simple command
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A>),
+a list (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A>),
+or a compound command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A>)
returns a non-zero status.
The shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the
command list immediately following a <CODE>while</CODE> or <CODE>until</CODE> keyword,
the command following the final <CODE>&&</CODE> or <CODE>||</CODE>,
any command in a pipeline but the last,
or if the command's return status is being inverted with <CODE>!</CODE>.
+If a compound command other than a subshell
+returns a non-zero status because a command failed
+while <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> was being ignored, the shell does not exit.
A trap on <CODE>ERR</CODE>, if set, is executed before the shell exits.
<P>
and the <CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE>, <CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE>, <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> and <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored.
If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
-real user (group) id, and the <CODE>-p</CODE> option is not supplied, these actions
+real user (group) id, and the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is not supplied, these actions
are taken and the effective user id is set to the real user id.
-If the <CODE>-p</CODE> option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
+If the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
not reset.
Turning this option off causes the effective user
and group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
<DT><CODE>shopt</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX111"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [<VAR>optname</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior.
With no options, or with the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option, a list of all settable
options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.
The <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option causes output to be displayed in a form that
may be reused as input.
Other options have the following meanings:
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
<P>
If either <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>
-is used with no <VAR>optname</VAR> arguments, the display is limited to
+is used with no <VAR>optname</VAR> arguments, <CODE>shopt</CODE> shows only
those options which are set or unset, respectively.
</P><P>
The default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>complete_fullquote</CODE>
+<DD>If set, Bash
+quotes all shell metacharacters in filenames and directory names when
+performing completion.
+If not set, Bash
+removes metacharacters such as the dollar sign from the set of
+characters that will be quoted in completed filenames
+when these metacharacters appear in shell variable references in words to be
+completed.
+This means that dollar signs in variable names that expand to directories
+will not be quoted;
+however, any dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted, either.
+This is active only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed
+filenames.
+This variable is set by default, which is the default Bash behavior in
+versions through 4.2.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>direxpand</CODE>
<DD>If set, Bash
replaces directory names with the results of word expansion when performing
are enabled, non-zero otherwise.
When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an
<VAR>optname</VAR> is not a valid shell option.
-</P><P>
-
</DL>
<P>
A colon-separated list of filenames which the shell periodically checks
for new mail.
Each list entry can specify the message that is printed when new mail
-arrives in the mail file by separating the file name from the message with
+arrives in the mail file by separating the filename from the message with
a <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>.
When used in the text of the message, <CODE>$_</CODE> expands to the name of
the current mail file.
<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO[5]</CODE>
<DD>The value of <CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
<DD><A NAME="IDX197"></A>
A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
filename completion.
-A file name whose suffix matches one of the entries in
+A filename whose suffix matches one of the entries in
<CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>
-is excluded from the list of matched file names. A sample
+is excluded from the list of matched filenames. A sample
value is <SAMP>`.o:~'</SAMP>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX262"></A>
<DT><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX263"></A>
-If this variable is in the environment when <CODE>bash</CODE> starts, the shell
+If this variable is in the environment when Bash starts, the shell
enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the
startup files, as if the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> invocation option had been supplied.
-If it is set while the shell is running, <CODE>bash</CODE> enables POSIX mode,
+If it is set while the shell is running, Bash enables POSIX mode,
as if the command
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>set -o posix</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table>had been executed.
<!--docid::SEC69::-->
<P>
-This section describes features unique to Bash.
+This chapter describes features unique to Bash.
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Substituting one command for another.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Array Variables.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">History of visited directories.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Controlling the PS1 string.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing the various prompt strings.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A more controlled mode of shell execution.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Making Bash behave more closely to what
the POSIX standard specifies.</TD></TR>
<DT><CODE>--version</CODE>
<DD>Show version information for this instance of
Bash on the standard output and exit successfully.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
<DD>A <CODE>--</CODE> signals the end of options and disables further option
processing.
Any arguments after the <CODE>--</CODE> are treated as filenames and arguments.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
This section describes how Bash executes its startup files.
If any of the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error.
-Tildes are expanded in file names as described above under
+Tildes are expanded in filenames as described above under
Tilde Expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
</P><P>
following command were executed:
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table>but the value of the <CODE>PATH</CODE> variable is not used to search for the
-file name.
+filename.
</P><P>
As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the
<P>
If Bash is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
-real user (group) id, and the <CODE>-p</CODE> option is not supplied, no startup
+real user (group) id, and the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is not supplied, no startup
files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
the <CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE>, <CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE>, <CODE>CDPATH</CODE>, and <CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
variables, if they appear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective
user id is set to the real user id.
-If the <CODE>-p</CODE> option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is
+If the <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option is supplied at invocation, the startup behavior is
the same, but the effective user id is not reset.
</P><P>
greater than, or greater than or equal to <VAR>arg2</VAR>,
respectively. <VAR>Arg1</VAR> and <VAR>arg2</VAR>
may be positive or negative integers.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
is not expanded a second time.
This means that one may alias <CODE>ls</CODE> to <CODE>"ls -F"</CODE>,
for instance, and Bash does not try to recursively expand the
-replacement text. If the last character of the alias value is a
-space or tab character, then the next command word following the
+replacement text.
+If the last character of the alias value is a
+<VAR>blank</VAR>, then the next command word following the
alias is also checked for alias expansion.
</P><P>
An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned to
using the syntax
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>name[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]=<VAR>value</VAR>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]=<VAR>value</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
The <VAR>subscript</VAR>
</P><P>
Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>name=(value<VAR>1</VAR> <small>...</small> value<VAR>n</VAR>)
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><VAR>name</VAR>=(<VAR>value1</VAR> <VAR>value2</VAR> <small>...</small> )
</pre></td></tr></table>where each
<VAR>value</VAR> is of the form <CODE>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]=</CODE><VAR>string</VAR>.
-Indexed array assignments do not require the bracket and subscript.
+Indexed array assignments do not require anything but <VAR>string</VAR>.
When assigning to indexed arrays, if
the optional subscript is supplied, that index is assigned to;
otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned
This syntax is also accepted by the <CODE>declare</CODE>
builtin. Individual array elements may be assigned to using the
-<CODE>name[</CODE><VAR>subscript</VAR><CODE>]=</CODE><VAR>value</VAR> syntax introduced above.
+<CODE><VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]=<VAR>value</VAR></CODE> syntax introduced above.
</P><P>
Any element of an array may be referenced using
-<CODE>${name[</CODE><VAR>subscript</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>.
+<CODE>${<VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]}</CODE>.
The braces are required to avoid
conflicts with the shell's filename expansion operators. If the
<VAR>subscript</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, the word expands to all members
of the array <VAR>name</VAR>. These subscripts differ only when the word
appears within double quotes.
If the word is double-quoted,
-<CODE>${name[*]}</CODE> expands to a single word with
+<CODE>${<VAR>name</VAR>[*]}</CODE> expands to a single word with
the value of each array member separated by the first character of the
-<CODE>IFS</CODE> variable, and <CODE>${name[@]}</CODE> expands each element of
+<CODE>IFS</CODE> variable, and <CODE>${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}</CODE> expands each element of
<VAR>name</VAR> to a separate word. When there are no array members,
-<CODE>${name[@]}</CODE> expands to nothing.
+<CODE>${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}</CODE> expands to nothing.
If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original
word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
part of the original word.
This is analogous to the
expansion of the special parameters <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`*'</SAMP>.
-<CODE>${#name[</CODE><VAR>subscript</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE> expands to the length of
-<CODE>${name[</CODE><VAR>subscript</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>.
+<CODE>${#<VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]}</CODE> expands to the length of
+<CODE>${<VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]}</CODE>.
If <VAR>subscript</VAR> is <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> or
<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, the expansion is the number of elements in the array.
Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to
</P><P>
The <CODE>unset</CODE> builtin is used to destroy arrays.
-<CODE>unset</CODE> <VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]
+<CODE>unset <VAR>name</VAR>[<VAR>subscript</VAR>]</CODE>
destroys the array element at index <VAR>subscript</VAR>.
Care must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename
expansion.
-<CODE>unset</CODE> <VAR>name</VAR>, where <VAR>name</VAR> is an array, removes the
-entire array. A subscript of <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> also removes the
+<CODE>unset <VAR>name</VAR></CODE>, where <VAR>name</VAR> is an array, removes the
+entire array. A subscript of <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> also removes the
entire array.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>dirs</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX302"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>dirs [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-clpv]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>dirs [-clpv] [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories
are added to the list with the <CODE>pushd</CODE> command; the
<CODE>popd</CODE> command removes directories from the list.
+</P><P>
+
<DL COMPACT>
-<DT><CODE>+<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
-<DD>Displays the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the left of the
-list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE> when invoked without options), starting
-with zero.
-<DT><CODE>-<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
-<DD>Displays the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the right of the
-list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE> when invoked without options), starting
-with zero.
<DT><CODE>-c</CODE>
<DD>Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the elements.
<DT><CODE>-l</CODE>
-<DD>Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a
-tilde to denote the home directory.
+<DD>Produces a listing using full pathnames;
+the default listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
<DT><CODE>-p</CODE>
<DD>Causes <CODE>dirs</CODE> to print the directory stack with one entry per
line.
<DT><CODE>-v</CODE>
<DD>Causes <CODE>dirs</CODE> to print the directory stack with one entry per
line, prefixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+<DT><CODE>+<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Displays the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the left of the
+list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE> when invoked without options), starting
+with zero.
+<DT><CODE>-<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>Displays the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the right of the
+list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE> when invoked without options), starting
+with zero.
</DL>
<P>
<DT><CODE>popd</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX303"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>popd [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-n]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>popd [-n] [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Remove the top entry from the directory stack, and <CODE>cd</CODE>
removes the top directory from the stack and
performs a <CODE>cd</CODE> to the new top directory. The
elements are numbered from 0 starting at the first directory listed with
-<CODE>dirs</CODE>; i.e., <CODE>popd</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>popd +0</CODE>.
+<CODE>dirs</CODE>; that is, <CODE>popd</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>popd +0</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
+<DD>Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
+from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
<DT><CODE>+<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
<DD>Removes the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the left of the
list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE>), starting with zero.
<DT><CODE>-<VAR>N</VAR></CODE>
<DD>Removes the <VAR>N</VAR>th directory (counting from the right of the
list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE>), starting with zero.
-<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
-<DD>Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing directories
-from the stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.
</DL>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX304"></A>
<DT><CODE>pushd</CODE>
-<DD><TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pushd [-n] [<VAR>+N</VAR> | <VAR>-N</VAR> | <VAR>dir</VAR> ]
+<DD><TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pushd [-n] [<VAR>+N</VAR> | <VAR>-N</VAR> | <VAR>dir</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Save the current directory on the top of the directory stack
list printed by <CODE>dirs</CODE>, starting with zero) to the top of
the list by rotating the stack.
<DT><CODE><VAR>dir</VAR></CODE>
-<DD>Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack, and then
-executes the equivalent of `<CODE>cd</CODE> <VAR>dir</VAR>'.
-<CODE>cd</CODE>s to <VAR>dir</VAR>.
+<DD>Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack, making
+it the new current directory as if it had been supplied as an argument
+to the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
</DL>
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="Printing a Prompt"></A>
+<A NAME="Controlling the Prompt"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC89"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
</P><P>
In addition, the following table describes the special characters which
-can appear in the prompt variables:
+can appear in the prompt variables <CODE>PS1</CODE> to <CODE>PS4</CODE>:
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line.
<P>
+<LI>
+The <CODE>command</CODE> builtin does not prevent builtins that take assignment
+statements as arguments from expanding them as assignment statements;
+when not in POSIX mode, assignment builtins lose their assignment
+statement expansion properties when preceded by <CODE>command</CODE>.
+<P>
+
<LI>
The default history file is <TT>`~/.sh_history'</TT> (this is the
default value of <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>).
causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells.
<P>
+<LI>
+Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special
+builtins.
+<P>
+
<LI>
POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions
during command lookup.
A job may also be referred to
using a prefix of the name used to start it, or using a substring
that appears in its command line. For example, <SAMP>`%ce'</SAMP> refers
-to a stopped <CODE>ce</CODE> job. Using <SAMP>`%?ce'</SAMP>, on the
+to a stopped <CODE>ce</CODE> job. Using <SAMP>`%?ce'</SAMP>, on the
other hand, refers to any job containing the string <SAMP>`ce'</SAMP> in
its command line. If the prefix or substring matches more than one job,
Bash reports an error.
<DT><CODE>bg</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX305"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Resume each suspended job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the background, as if it
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Resume each suspended job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the background, as if it
had been started with <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>.
If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not supplied, the current job is used.
The return status is zero unless it is run when job control is not
enabled, or, when run with job control enabled, any
<VAR>jobspec</VAR> was not found or specifies a job
that was started without job control.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>fg</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX306"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>fg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Resume the job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the foreground and make it the current job.
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Resume the job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the foreground and make it the current job.
If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not supplied, the current job is used.
The return status is that of the command placed into the foreground,
or non-zero if run when job control is disabled or, when run with
job control enabled, <VAR>jobspec</VAR> does not specify a valid job or
<VAR>jobspec</VAR> specifies a job that was started without job control.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>jobs</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX307"></A>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
-<DD>Restrict output to running jobs.
+<DD>Display only running jobs.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
-<DD>Restrict output to stopped jobs.
+<DD>Display only stopped jobs.
</DL>
<P>
<DD><A NAME="IDX308"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>kill [-s <VAR>sigspec</VAR>] [-n <VAR>signum</VAR>] [-<VAR>sigspec</VAR>] <VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR>
kill -l [<VAR>exit_status</VAR>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Send a signal specified by <VAR>sigspec</VAR> or <VAR>signum</VAR> to the process
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Send a signal specified by <VAR>sigspec</VAR> or <VAR>signum</VAR> to the process
named by job specification <VAR>jobspec</VAR> or process ID <VAR>pid</VAR>.
<VAR>sigspec</VAR> is either a case-insensitive signal name such as
<CODE>SIGINT</CODE> (with or without the <CODE>SIG</CODE> prefix)
status of a process terminated by a signal.
The return status is zero if at least one signal was successfully sent,
or non-zero if an error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>wait</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX309"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>wait [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR> ...]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Wait until the child process specified by each process ID <VAR>pid</VAR>
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>wait [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR> <small>...</small>]
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Wait until the child process specified by each process ID <VAR>pid</VAR>
or job specification <VAR>jobspec</VAR> exits and return the exit status of the
last command waited for.
If a job spec is given, all processes in the job are waited for.
waited for, and the return status is zero.
If neither <VAR>jobspec</VAR> nor <VAR>pid</VAR> specifies an active child process
of the shell, the return status is 127.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>disown</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX310"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>disown [-ar] [-h] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Without options, each <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is removed from the table of
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Without options, remove each <VAR>jobspec</VAR> from the table of
active jobs.
If the <SAMP>`-h'</SAMP> option is given, the job is not removed from the table,
but is marked so that <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> is not sent to the job if the shell
If no <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is supplied, the <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> option means to remove or
mark all jobs; the <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option without a <VAR>jobspec</VAR>
argument restricts operation to running jobs.
-<P>
+</P><P>
<DT><CODE>suspend</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX311"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>suspend [-f]
-</pre></td></tr></table>Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
+</pre></td></tr></table><P>
+
+Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
<CODE>SIGCONT</CODE> signal.
A login shell cannot be suspended; the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>
option can be used to override this and force the suspension.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
<CODE>fc -s [<VAR>pat</VAR>=<VAR>rep</VAR>] [<VAR>command</VAR>]</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
-Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from <VAR>first</VAR> to
-<VAR>last</VAR> is selected from the history list. Both <VAR>first</VAR> and
+The first form selects a range of commands from <VAR>first</VAR> to
+<VAR>last</VAR> from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+them.
+Both <VAR>first</VAR> and
<VAR>last</VAR> may be specified as a string (to locate the most recent
command beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the
history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the
In the second form, <VAR>command</VAR> is re-executed after each instance
of <VAR>pat</VAR> in the selected command is replaced by <VAR>rep</VAR>.
+<VAR>command</VAR> is intepreted the same as <VAR>first</VAR> above.
</P><P>
A useful alias to use with the <CODE>fc</CODE> command is <CODE>r='fc -s'</CODE>, so
<P>
<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
-<DD>Read the current history file and append its contents to
+<DD>Read the history file and append its contents to
the history list.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-w</CODE>
-<DD>Write out the current history to the history file.
+<DD>Write out the current history list to the history file.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-p</CODE>
the Single Unix Specification, version 3.
See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of the escape sequences that
<CODE>echo</CODE> recognizes.
-<P>
-
</DL>
<P>
<P>
<LI>
-The <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> (<CODE>xtrace</CODE>) option displays commands other than
+The <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> (<SAMP>`xtrace'</SAMP>) option displays commands other than
simple commands when performing an execution trace
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>July, 8 2011</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>September, 26 2011</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>July, 8 2011</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>September, 26 2011</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.2, 7 July 2011).
+the Bash shell (version 4.2, 25 September 2011).
- This is Edition 4.2, last updated 7 July 2011, of `The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
+ This is Edition 4.2, last updated 25 September 2011, of `The GNU
+Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.2, 7 July 2011).
+the Bash shell (version 4.2, 25 September 2011).
- This is Edition 4.2, last updated 7 July 2011, of `The GNU Bash
-Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
+ This is Edition 4.2, last updated 25 September 2011, of `The GNU
+Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
borrowed concepts from are the Bourne Shell (`sh'), the Korn Shell
-(`ksh'), and the C-shell (`csh' and its successor, `tcsh'). The
+(`ksh'), and the C-shell (`csh' and its successor, `tcsh'). The
following menu breaks the features up into categories based upon which
one of these other shells inspired the feature.
control operators `|' or `|&'.
The format for a pipeline is
- [`time' [`-p']] [`!'] COMMAND1 [ [`|' or `|&'] COMMAND2 ...]
+ [time [-p]] [!] COMMAND1 [ | or |& COMMAND2 ] ...
The output of each command in the pipeline is connected via a pipe to
the input of the next command. That is, each command reads the
previous command's output. This connection is performed before any
redirections specified by the command.
- If `|&' is used, the standard error of COMMAND1 is connected to
-COMMAND2's standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for `2>&1
-|'. This implicit redirection of the standard error is performed after
-any redirections specified by the command.
+ If `|&' is used, COMMAND1's standard output and standard error are
+connected to COMMAND2's standard input through the pipe; it is
+shorthand for `2>&1 |'. This implicit redirection of the standard
+error is performed after any redirections specified by the command.
The reserved word `time' causes timing statistics to be printed for
the pipeline once it finishes. The statistics currently consist of
`until'
The syntax of the `until' command is:
+
until TEST-COMMANDS; do CONSEQUENT-COMMANDS; done
+
Execute CONSEQUENT-COMMANDS as long as TEST-COMMANDS has an exit
status which is not zero. The return status is the exit status of
the last command executed in CONSEQUENT-COMMANDS, or zero if none
`while'
The syntax of the `while' command is:
+
while TEST-COMMANDS; do CONSEQUENT-COMMANDS; done
Execute CONSEQUENT-COMMANDS as long as TEST-COMMANDS has an exit
The syntax of the `for' command is:
for NAME [ [in [WORDS ...] ] ; ] do COMMANDS; done
+
Expand WORDS, and execute COMMANDS once for each member in the
resultant list, with NAME bound to the current member. If `in
WORDS' is not present, the `for' command executes the COMMANDS
An alternate form of the `for' command is also supported:
for (( EXPR1 ; EXPR2 ; EXPR3 )) ; do COMMANDS ; done
+
First, the arithmetic expression EXPR1 is evaluated according to
the rules described below (*note Shell Arithmetic::). The
arithmetic expression EXPR2 is then evaluated repeatedly until it
command in COMMANDS that is executed, or false if any of the
expressions is invalid.
-
The `break' and `continue' builtins (*note Bourne Shell Builtins::)
may be used to control loop execution.
`case'
The syntax of the `case' command is:
- `case WORD in [ [(] PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND-LIST ;;]... esac'
+ case WORD in [ [(] PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND-LIST ;;]... esac
`case' will selectively execute the COMMAND-LIST corresponding to
the first PATTERN that matches WORD. If the shell option
`EXPRESSION1 || EXPRESSION2'
True if either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true.
- The `&&' and `||' operators do not evaluate EXPRESSION2 if the
+
+ The `&&' and `||' operators do not evaluate [BEXPRESSION2 if the
value of EXPRESSION1 is sufficient to determine the return value
of the entire conditional expression.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Command Grouping, Prev: Conditional Constructs, Up: Compound Commands
established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
The format for a coprocess is:
- `coproc' [NAME] COMMAND [REDIRECTIONS]
+ coproc [NAME] COMMAND [REDIRECTIONS]
This creates a coprocess named NAME. If NAME is not supplied, the
default name is COPROC. NAME must not be supplied if COMMAND is a
simple command (*note Simple Commands::); otherwise, it is interpreted
as the first word of the simple command.
- When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable
-(*note Arrays::) named NAME in the context of the executing shell. The
-standard output of COMMAND is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor
-in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned to NAME[0].
-The standard input of COMMAND is connected via a pipe to a file
+ When the coprocess is executed, the shell creates an array variable
+(*note Arrays::) named `NAME' in the context of the executing shell.
+The standard output of COMMAND is connected via a pipe to a file
descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is assigned
-to NAME[1]. This pipe is established before any redirections specified
-by the command (*note Redirections::). The file descriptors can be
-utilized as arguments to shell commands and redirections using standard
-word expansions.
+to `NAME'[0]. The standard input of COMMAND is connected via a pipe to
+a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file descriptor is
+assigned to `NAME'[1]. This pipe is established before any
+redirections specified by the command (*note Redirections::). The file
+descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands and
+redirections using standard word expansions.
The process ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is
-available as the value of the variable NAME_PID. The `wait' builtin
+available as the value of the variable `NAME'_PID. The `wait' builtin
command may be used to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of COMMAND.
Functions are declared using this syntax:
NAME () COMPOUND-COMMAND [ REDIRECTIONS ]
- or
- `function' NAME [()] COMPOUND-COMMAND [ REDIRECTIONS ]
+ or
+
+ function NAME [()] COMPOUND-COMMAND [ REDIRECTIONS ]
This defines a shell function named NAME. The reserved word
`function' is optional. If the `function' reserved word is supplied,
command COMPOUND-COMMAND (*note Compound Commands::). That command is
usually a LIST enclosed between { and }, but may be any compound
command listed above. COMPOUND-COMMAND is executed whenever NAME is
-specified as the name of a command. Any redirections (*note
+specified as the name of a command. When the shell is in POSIX mode
+(*note Bash POSIX Mode::), NAME may not be the same as one of the
+special builtins (*note Special Builtins::). Any redirections (*note
Redirections::) associated with the shell function are performed when
the function is executed.
commands it invokes.
Function names and definitions may be listed with the `-f' option to
-the `declare' or `typeset' builtin commands (*note Bash Builtins::).
-The `-F' option to `declare' or `typeset' will list the function names
-only (and optionally the source file and line number, if the `extdebug'
+the `declare' (`typeset') builtin command (*note Bash Builtins::). The
+`-F' option to `declare' or `typeset' will list the function names only
+(and optionally the source file and line number, if the `extdebug'
shell option is enabled). Functions may be exported so that subshells
automatically have them defined with the `-f' option to the `export'
builtin (*note Bourne Shell Builtins::). Note that shell functions and
performed, with the exception of `"$@"' as explained below. Filename
expansion is not performed. Assignment statements may also appear as
arguments to the `alias', `declare', `typeset', `export', `readonly',
-and `local' builtin commands.
+and `local' builtin commands. When in POSIX mode (*note Bash POSIX
+Mode::), these builtins may appear in a command after one or more
+instances of the `command' builtin and retain these assignment
+statement properties.
In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to
a shell variable or array index (*note Arrays::), the `+=' operator can
Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
`token's. There are seven kinds of expansion performed:
+
* brace expansion
* tilde expansion
Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be
generated. This mechanism is similar to FILENAME EXPANSION (*note
-Filename Expansion::), but the file names generated need not exist.
+Filename Expansion::), but the filenames generated need not exist.
Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional PREAMBLE,
followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence
expression between a pair of braces, followed by an optional POSTSCRIPT.
Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes
immediately following a `:' or the first `='. In these cases, tilde
-expansion is also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with
+expansion is also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with
tildes in assignments to `PATH', `MAILPATH', and `CDPATH', and the
shell assigns the expanded value.
`~-N'
The string that would be displayed by `dirs -N'
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Shell Parameter Expansion, Next: Command Substitution, Prev: Tilde Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions
case modification operation is applied to each member of the array
in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Command Substitution, Next: Arithmetic Expansion, Prev: Shell Parameter Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions
After word splitting, unless the `-f' option has been set (*note The
Set Builtin::), Bash scans each word for the characters `*', `?', and
`['. If one of these characters appears, then the word is regarded as
-a PATTERN, and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of file
-names matching the pattern (*note Pattern Matching::). If no matching
-file names are found, and the shell option `nullglob' is disabled, the
+a PATTERN, and replaced with an alphabetically sorted list of filenames
+matching the pattern (*note Pattern Matching::). If no matching
+filenames are found, and the shell option `nullglob' is disabled, the
word is left unchanged. If the `nullglob' option is set, and no
matches are found, the word is removed. If the `failglob' shell option
is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed and the
When a pattern is used for filename expansion, the character `.' at
the start of a filename or immediately following a slash must be
matched explicitly, unless the shell option `dotglob' is set. When
-matching a file name, the slash character must always be matched
+matching a filename, the slash character must always be matched
explicitly. In other cases, the `.' character is not treated specially.
See the description of `shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::, for a
integer port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a UDP
connection to the corresponding socket.
-
A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used
HERE-DOCUMENT
DELIMITER
- No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion,
-or filename expansion is performed on WORD. If any characters in WORD
-are quoted, the DELIMITER is the result of quote removal on WORD, and
-the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If WORD is unquoted,
-all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion,
-command substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case,
-the character sequence `\newline' is ignored, and `\' must be used to
-quote the characters `\', `$', and ``'.
+ No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
+arithmetic expansion, or filename expansion is performed on WORD. If
+any characters in WORD are quoted, the DELIMITER is the result of quote
+removal on WORD, and the lines in the here-document are not expanded.
+If WORD is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to
+parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
+In the latter case, the character sequence `\newline' is ignored, and
+`\' must be used to quote the characters `\', `$', and ``'.
If the redirection operator is `<<-', then all leading tab
characters are stripped from input lines and the line containing
A variant of here documents, the format is:
<<< WORD
- The WORD is expanded as described above, with the exception that
-pathname expansion is not applied, and supplied as a single string to
-the command on its standard input.
+ The WORD undergoes brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
+variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and
+quote removal. Pathname expansion word splitting are not performed.
+The result is supplied as a single string to the command on its
+standard input.
3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors
----------------------------------
just those that precede the command name.
When Bash invokes an external command, the variable `$_' is set to
-the full path name of the command and passed to that command in its
+the full pathname of the command and passed to that command in its
environment.
\1f
WAITPID system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between
0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands
-are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell
+are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell
will use special values to indicate specific failure modes.
For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit
`: (a colon)'
: [ARGUMENTS]
+
Do nothing beyond expanding ARGUMENTS and performing redirections.
The return status is zero.
`. (a period)'
. FILENAME [ARGUMENTS]
+
Read and execute commands from the FILENAME argument in the
current shell context. If FILENAME does not contain a slash, the
`PATH' variable is used to find FILENAME. When Bash is not in
`break'
break [N]
+
Exit from a `for', `while', `until', or `select' loop. If N is
supplied, the Nth enclosing loop is exited. N must be greater
than or equal to 1. The return status is zero unless N is not
`cd'
cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [DIRECTORY]
+
Change the current working directory to DIRECTORY. If DIRECTORY
is not given, the value of the `HOME' shell variable is used. If
the shell variable `CDPATH' exists, it is used as a search path.
option is supplied with `-P' and the current working directory
cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory
change, `cd' will return an unsuccessful status. If DIRECTORY is
- `-', it is equivalent to `$OLDPWD'.
+ `-', it is converted to `$OLDPWD' before the directory change is
+ attempted.
If a non-empty directory name from `CDPATH' is used, or if `-' is
the first argument, and the directory change is successful, the
`continue'
continue [N]
+
Resume the next iteration of an enclosing `for', `while', `until',
or `select' loop. If N is supplied, the execution of the Nth
enclosing loop is resumed. N must be greater than or equal to 1.
`eval'
eval [ARGUMENTS]
+
The arguments are concatenated together into a single command,
which is then read and executed, and its exit status returned as
the exit status of `eval'. If there are no arguments or only
`exec'
exec [-cl] [-a NAME] [COMMAND [ARGUMENTS]]
+
If COMMAND is supplied, it replaces the shell without creating a
new process. If the `-l' option is supplied, the shell places a
dash at the beginning of the zeroth argument passed to COMMAND.
This is what the `login' program does. The `-c' option causes
COMMAND to be executed with an empty environment. If `-a' is
supplied, the shell passes NAME as the zeroth argument to COMMAND.
- If no COMMAND is specified, redirections may be used to affect the
- current shell environment. If there are no redirection errors, the
- return status is zero; otherwise the return status is non-zero.
+ If COMMAND cannot be executed for some reason, a non-interactive
+ shell exits, unless the `execfail' shell option is enabled. In
+ that case, it returns failure. An interactive shell returns
+ failure if the file cannot be executed. If no COMMAND is
+ specified, redirections may be used to affect the current shell
+ environment. If there are no redirection errors, the return
+ status is zero; otherwise the return status is non-zero.
`exit'
exit [N]
+
Exit the shell, returning a status of N to the shell's parent. If
N is omitted, the exit status is that of the last command executed.
Any trap on `EXIT' is executed before the shell terminates.
`export'
export [-fn] [-p] [NAME[=VALUE]]
+
Mark each NAME to be passed to child processes in the environment.
If the `-f' option is supplied, the NAMEs refer to shell
functions; otherwise the names refer to shell variables. The `-n'
option means to no longer mark each NAME for export. If no NAMES
- are supplied, or if the `-p' option is given, a list of exported
- names is displayed. The `-p' option displays output in a form
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =VALUE, the value of the variable is set to VALUE.
+ are supplied, or if the `-p' option is given, a list of names of
+ all exported variables is displayed. The `-p' option displays
+ output in a form that may be reused as input. If a variable name
+ is followed by =VALUE, the value of the variable is set to VALUE.
The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied,
one of the names is not a valid shell variable name, or `-f' is
`getopts'
getopts OPTSTRING NAME [ARGS]
+
`getopts' is used by shell scripts to parse positional parameters.
OPTSTRING contains the option characters to be recognized; if a
character is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an
- argument, which should be separated from it by white space. The
+ argument, which should be separated from it by whitespace. The
colon (`:') and question mark (`?') may not be used as option
characters. Each time it is invoked, `getopts' places the next
option in the shell variable NAME, initializing NAME if it does
`getopts' can report errors in two ways. If the first character of
OPTSTRING is a colon, SILENT error reporting is used. In normal
- operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid options or
+ operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid options or
missing option arguments are encountered. If the variable `OPTERR'
is set to 0, no error messages will be displayed, even if the first
character of `optstring' is not a colon.
`hash'
hash [-r] [-p FILENAME] [-dt] [NAME]
+
Each time `hash' is invoked, it remembers the full pathnames of the
commands specified as NAME arguments, so they need not be searched
for on subsequent invocations. The commands are found by
`pwd'
pwd [-LP]
+
Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory. If
the `-P' option is supplied, the pathname printed will not contain
symbolic links. If the `-L' option is supplied, the pathname
`readonly'
readonly [-aAf] [-p] [NAME[=VALUE]] ...
+
Mark each NAME as readonly. The values of these names may not be
changed by subsequent assignment. If the `-f' option is supplied,
each NAME refers to a shell function. The `-a' option means each
`return'
return [N]
- Cause a shell function to exit with the return value N. If N is
- not supplied, the return value is the exit status of the last
- command executed in the function. This may also be used to
- terminate execution of a script being executed with the `.' (or
- `source') builtin, returning either N or the exit status of the
- last command executed within the script as the exit status of the
- script. Any command associated with the `RETURN' trap is executed
- before execution resumes after the function or script. The return
- status is non-zero if `return' is used outside a function and not
- during the execution of a script by `.' or `source'.
+
+ Cause a shell function to stop executing and return the value N to
+ its caller. If N is not supplied, the return value is the exit
+ status of the last command executed in the function. `return' may
+ also be used to terminate execution of a script being executed
+ with the `.' (`source') builtin, returning either N or the exit
+ status of the last command executed within the script as the exit
+ status of the script. Any command associated with the `RETURN'
+ trap is executed before execution resumes after the function or
+ script. The return status is non-zero if `return' is used outside
+ a function and not during the execution of a script by `.' or
+ `source'.
`shift'
shift [N]
+
Shift the positional parameters to the left by N. The positional
parameters from N+1 ... `$#' are renamed to `$1' ... `$#'-N.
Parameters represented by the numbers `$#' to `$#'-N+1 are unset.
status is zero unless N is greater than `$#' or less than zero,
non-zero otherwise.
-`test'
+`test[B'
`['
- Evaluate a conditional expression EXPR. Each operator and operand
- must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the
- primaries described below in *note Bash Conditional Expressions::.
- `test' does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
- an argument of `--' as signifying the end of options.
+ test EXPR
+
+ Evaluate a conditional expression EXPR and return a status of 0
+ (true) or 1 (false). Each operator and operand must be a separate
+ argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries described
+ below in *note Bash Conditional Expressions::. `test' does not
+ accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
+ `--' as signifying the end of options.
When the `[' form is used, the last argument to the command must
be a `]'.
`times'
times
+
Print out the user and system times used by the shell and its
children. The return status is zero.
`trap'
trap [-lp] [ARG] [SIGSPEC ...]
+
The commands in ARG are to be read and executed when the shell
receives signal SIGSPEC. If ARG is absent (and there is a single
SIGSPEC) or equal to `-', each specified signal's disposition is
`umask'
umask [-p] [-S] [MODE]
+
Set the shell process's file creation mask to MODE. If MODE
begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; if not,
it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted
`unset'
unset [-fv] [NAME]
- Each variable or function NAME is removed. If the `-v' option is
+
+ Remove each variable or function NAME. If the `-v' option is
given, each NAME refers to a shell variable and that variable is
remvoved. If the `-f' option is given, the NAMEs refer to shell
functions, and the function definition is removed. If no options
POSIX standard.
`alias'
- alias [`-p'] [NAME[=VALUE] ...]
+ alias [-p] [NAME[=VALUE] ...]
Without arguments or with the `-p' option, `alias' prints the list
of aliases on the standard output in a form that allows them to be
`builtin'
builtin [SHELL-BUILTIN [ARGS]]
+
Run a shell builtin, passing it ARGS, and return its exit status.
This is useful when defining a shell function with the same name
as a shell builtin, retaining the functionality of the builtin
`caller'
caller [EXPR]
+
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell
function or a script executed with the `.' or `source' builtins).
`command'
command [-pVv] COMMAND [ARGUMENTS ...]
+
Runs COMMAND with ARGUMENTS ignoring any shell function named
COMMAND. Only shell builtin commands or commands found by
searching the `PATH' are executed. If there is a shell function
non-zero if not.
`declare'
- declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [NAME[=VALUE] ...]
+ declare [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] [NAME[=VALUE] ...]
Declare variables and give them attributes. If no NAMEs are
given, then display the values of variables instead.
`echo'
echo [-neE] [ARG ...]
+
Output the ARGs, separated by spaces, terminated with a newline.
The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If `-n' is
specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the `-e' option
`enable'
enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f FILENAME] [NAME ...]
+
Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though the
`help'
help [-dms] [PATTERN]
+
Display helpful information about builtin commands. If PATTERN is
specified, `help' gives detailed help on all commands matching
PATTERN, otherwise a list of the builtins is printed.
The return status is zero unless no command matches PATTERN.
`let'
- let EXPRESSION [EXPRESSION]
+ let EXPRESSION [EXPRESSION ...]
+
The `let' builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell
variables. Each EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules
given below in *note Shell Arithmetic::. If the last EXPRESSION
`local'
local [OPTION] NAME[=VALUE] ...
+
For each argument, a local variable named NAME is created, and
assigned VALUE. The OPTION can be any of the options accepted by
`declare'. `local' can only be used within a function; it makes
`logout'
logout [N]
+
Exit a login shell, returning a status of N to the shell's parent.
`mapfile'
- mapfile [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD] [
- -C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
+ mapfile [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD]
+ [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
+
Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable
ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the `-u' option is supplied.
The variable `MAPFILE' is the default ARRAY. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
+
`-n'
Copy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are
copied.
`printf'
printf [-v VAR] FORMAT [ARGUMENTS]
+
Write the formatted ARGUMENTS to the standard output under the
control of the FORMAT. The `-v' option causes the output to be
assigned to the variable VAR rather than being printed to the
following extensions:
`%b'
- causes `printf' to expand backslash escape sequences in the
- corresponding ARGUMENT, (except that `\c' terminates output,
+ Causes `printf' to expand backslash escape sequences in the
+ corresponding ARGUMENT, except that `\c' terminates output,
backslashes in `\'', `\"', and `\?' are not removed, and
octal escapes beginning with `\0' may contain up to four
- digits).
+ digits.
`%q'
- causes `printf' to output the corresponding ARGUMENT in a
+ Causes `printf' to output the corresponding ARGUMENT in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
`%(DATEFMT)T'
- causes `printf' to output the date-time string resulting from
+ Causes `printf' to output the date-time string resulting from
using DATEFMT as a format string for `strftime'(3). The
corresponding ARGUMENT is an integer representing the number
of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument values may
success, non-zero on failure.
`read'
- read [-ers] [-a ANAME] [-d DELIM] [-i TEXT] [-n NCHARS] [-N NCHARS] [-p PROMPT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-u FD] [NAME ...]
+ read [-ers] [-a ANAME] [-d DELIM] [-i TEXT] [-n NCHARS]
+ [-N NCHARS] [-p PROMPT] [-t TIMEOUT] [-u FD] [NAME ...]
+
One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
descriptor FD supplied as an argument to the `-u' option, and the
first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second word to the
the decimal point. This option is only effective if `read'
is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
file; it has no effect when reading from regular files. If
- TIMEOUT is 0, `read' returns success if input is available on
- the specified file descriptor, failure otherwise. The exit
+ TIMEOUT is 0, `read' returns immediately, without trying to
+ read and data. The exit status is 0 if input is available on
+ the specified file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit
status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
`-u FD'
Read input from file descriptor FD.
-
`readarray'
- readarray [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD] [
- -C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
+ readarray [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD]
+ [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
+
Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable
ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the `-u' option is supplied.
`source'
source FILENAME
+
A synonym for `.' (*note Bourne Shell Builtins::).
`type'
type [-afptP] [NAME ...]
+
For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
command name.
The `-P' option forces a path search for each NAME, even if `-t'
would not return `file'.
- If a command is hashed, `-p' and `-P' print the hashed value, not
- necessarily the file that appears first in `$PATH'.
+ If a command is hashed, `-p' and `-P' print the hashed value,
+ which is not necessarily the file that appears first in `$PATH'.
If the `-a' option is used, `type' returns all of the places that
contain an executable named FILE. This includes aliases and
if any are not found.
`typeset'
- typeset [-afFrxi] [-p] [NAME[=VALUE] ...]
+ typeset [-afFgrxilrtux] [-p] [NAME[=VALUE] ...]
+
The `typeset' command is supplied for compatibility with the Korn
- shell; however, it has been deprecated in favor of the `declare'
- builtin command.
+ shell. It is a synonym for the `declare' builtin command.
`ulimit'
ulimit [-abcdefilmnpqrstuvxHST] [LIMIT]
+
`ulimit' provides control over the resources available to processes
started by the shell, on systems that allow such control. If an
option is given, it is interpreted as follows:
+
`-S'
Change and report the soft limit associated with a resource.
`-T'
The maximum number of threads.
-
- If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource;
- the special LIMIT values `hard', `soft', and `unlimited' stand for
- the current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. A hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user
- once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up to the value of
- the hard limit. Otherwise, the current value of the soft limit
- for the specified resource is printed, unless the `-H' option is
- supplied. When setting new limits, if neither `-H' nor `-S' is
- supplied, both the hard and soft limits are set. If no option is
- given, then `-f' is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments,
- except for `-t', which is in seconds, `-p', which is in units of
- 512-byte blocks, and `-n' and `-u', which are unscaled values.
+ If LIMIT is given, and the `-a' option is not used, LIMIT is the
+ new value of the specified resource. The special LIMIT values
+ `hard', `soft', and `unlimited' stand for the current hard limit,
+ the current soft limit, and no limit, respectively. A hard limit
+ cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a soft
+ limit may be increased up to the value of the hard limit.
+ Otherwise, the current value of the soft limit for the specified
+ resource is printed, unless the `-H' option is supplied. When
+ setting new limits, if neither `-H' nor `-S' is supplied, both the
+ hard and soft limits are set. If no option is given, then `-f' is
+ assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for `-t',
+ which is in seconds; `-p', which is in units of 512-byte blocks;
+ and `-T', `-b', `-n' and `-u', which are unscaled values.
The return status is zero unless an invalid option or argument is
supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
Remove each NAME from the list of aliases. If `-a' is supplied,
all aliases are removed. Aliases are described in *note Aliases::.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Modifying Shell Behavior, Next: Special Builtins, Prev: Bash Builtins, Up: Shell Builtin Commands
`-e'
Exit immediately if a pipeline (*note Pipelines::), which may
consist of a single simple command (*note Simple Commands::),
- a subshell command enclosed in parentheses (*note Command
- Grouping::), or one of the commands executed as part of a
- command list enclosed by braces (*note Command Grouping::)
- returns a non-zero status. The shell does not exit if the
- command that fails is part of the command list immediately
- following a `while' or `until' keyword, part of the test in
- an `if' statement, part of any command executed in a `&&' or
- `||' list except the command following the final `&&' or `||',
- any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
- return status is being inverted with `!'. A trap on `ERR',
- if set, is executed before the shell exits.
+ a list (*note Lists::), or a compound command (*note Compound
+ Commands::) returns a non-zero status. The shell does not
+ exit if the command that fails is part of the command list
+ immediately following a `while' or `until' keyword, part of
+ the test in an `if' statement, part of any command executed
+ in a `&&' or `||' list except the command following the final
+ `&&' or `||', any command in a pipeline but the last, or if
+ the command's return status is being inverted with `!'. If a
+ compound command other than a subshell returns a non-zero
+ status because a command failed while `-e' was being ignored,
+ the shell does not exit. A trap on `ERR', if set, is
+ executed before the shell exits.
This option applies to the shell environment and each
subshell environment separately (*note Command Execution
`shopt'
shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [OPTNAME ...]
+
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behavior.
With no options, or with the `-p' option, a list of all settable
options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not each is
Restricts the values of OPTNAME to be those defined for the
`-o' option to the `set' builtin (*note The Set Builtin::).
- If either `-s' or `-u' is used with no OPTNAME arguments, the
- display is limited to those options which are set or unset,
- respectively.
+ If either `-s' or `-u' is used with no OPTNAME arguments, `shopt'
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
Unless otherwise noted, the `shopt' options are disabled (off) by
default.
This is the behavior of POSIX mode through version 4.1. The
default Bash behavior remains as in previous versions.
+ `complete_fullquote'
+ If set, Bash quotes all shell metacharacters in filenames and
+ directory names when performing completion. If not set, Bash
+ removes metacharacters such as the dollar sign from the set of
+ characters that will be quoted in completed filenames when
+ these metacharacters appear in shell variable references in
+ words to be completed. This means that dollar signs in
+ variable names that expand to directories will not be quoted;
+ however, any dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be
+ quoted, either. This is active only when bash is using
+ backslashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default Bash behavior in
+ versions through 4.2.
+
`direxpand'
If set, Bash replaces directory names with the results of
word expansion when performing filename completion. This
`promptvars'
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, command
substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal after
- being expanded as described below (*note Printing a Prompt::).
- This option is enabled by default.
+ being expanded as described below (*note Controlling the
+ Prompt::). This option is enabled by default.
`restricted_shell'
The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode
the return status is zero unless an OPTNAME is not a valid shell
option.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Special Builtins, Prev: Modifying Shell Behavior, Up: Shell Builtin Commands
A colon-separated list of filenames which the shell periodically
checks for new mail. Each list entry can specify the message that
is printed when new mail arrives in the mail file by separating
- the file name from the message with a `?'. When used in the text
+ the filename from the message with a `?'. When used in the text
of the message, `$_' expands to the name of the current mail file.
`OPTARG'
`PS1'
The primary prompt string. The default value is `\s-\v\$ '.
- *Note Printing a Prompt::, for the complete list of escape
+ *Note Controlling the Prompt::, for the complete list of escape
sequences that are expanded before `PS1' is displayed.
`PS2'
`BASH_VERSINFO[5]'
The value of `MACHTYPE'.
-
`BASH_VERSION'
The version number of the current instance of Bash.
`FIGNORE'
A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
- filename completion. A file name whose suffix matches one of the
- entries in `FIGNORE' is excluded from the list of matched file
- names. A sample value is `.o:~'
+ filename completion. A filename whose suffix matches one of the
+ entries in `FIGNORE' is excluded from the list of matched
+ filenames. A sample value is `.o:~'
`FUNCNAME'
An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command).
`POSIXLY_CORRECT'
- If this variable is in the environment when `bash' starts, the
- shell enters POSIX mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::) before reading
- the startup files, as if the `--posix' invocation option had been
- supplied. If it is set while the shell is running, `bash' enables
+ If this variable is in the environment when Bash starts, the shell
+ enters POSIX mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::) before reading the
+ startup files, as if the `--posix' invocation option had been
+ supplied. If it is set while the shell is running, Bash enables
POSIX mode, as if the command
`set -o posix'
had been executed.
`PROMPT_DIRTRIM'
If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding
- the `\w' and `\W' prompt string escapes (*note Printing a
+ the `\w' and `\W' prompt string escapes (*note Controlling the
Prompt::). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
`PS3'
6 Bash Features
***************
-This section describes features unique to Bash.
+This chapter describes features unique to Bash.
* Menu:
* Aliases:: Substituting one command for another.
* Arrays:: Array Variables.
* The Directory Stack:: History of visited directories.
-* Printing a Prompt:: Controlling the PS1 string.
+* Controlling the Prompt:: Customizing the various prompt strings.
* The Restricted Shell:: A more controlled mode of shell execution.
* Bash POSIX Mode:: Making Bash behave more closely to what
the POSIX standard specifies.
Show version information for this instance of Bash on the standard
output and exit successfully.
-
There are several single-character options that may be supplied at
invocation which are not available with the `set' builtin.
processing. Any arguments after the `--' are treated as filenames
and arguments.
-
A _login_ shell is one whose first character of argument zero is
`-', or one invoked with the `--login' option.
This section describes how Bash executes its startup files. If any of
the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error. Tildes are
-expanded in file names as described above under Tilde Expansion (*note
+expanded in filenames as described above under Tilde Expansion (*note
Tilde Expansion::).
Interactive shells are described in *note Interactive Shells::.
following command were executed:
`if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi'
but the value of the `PATH' variable is not used to search for the
-file name.
+filename.
As noted above, if a non-interactive shell is invoked with the
`--login' option, Bash attempts to read and execute commands from the
greater than or equal to ARG2, respectively. ARG1 and ARG2 may be
positive or negative integers.
-
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Shell Arithmetic, Next: Aliases, Prev: Bash Conditional Expressions, Up: Bash Features
is tested for aliases, but a word that is identical to an alias being
expanded is not expanded a second time. This means that one may alias
`ls' to `"ls -F"', for instance, and Bash does not try to recursively
-expand the replacement text. If the last character of the alias value
-is a space or tab character, then the next command word following the
-alias is also checked for alias expansion.
+expand the replacement text. If the last character of the alias value
+is a BLANK, then the next command word following the alias is also
+checked for alias expansion.
Aliases are created and listed with the `alias' command, and removed
with the `unalias' command.
An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is
assigned to using the syntax
- name[SUBSCRIPT]=VALUE
+ NAME[SUBSCRIPT]=VALUE
The SUBSCRIPT is treated as an arithmetic expression that must evaluate
to a number. To explicitly declare an array, use
declare -a NAME[SUBSCRIPT]
is also accepted; the SUBSCRIPT is ignored.
- Associative arrays are created using
+Associative arrays are created using
declare -A NAME.
Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the
members of an array.
Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
- name=(value1 ... valueN)
+ NAME=(VALUE1 VALUE2 ... )
where each VALUE is of the form `[SUBSCRIPT]='STRING. Indexed array
-assignments do not require the bracket and subscript. When assigning
-to indexed arrays, if the optional subscript is supplied, that index is
+assignments do not require anything but STRING. When assigning to
+indexed arrays, if the optional subscript is supplied, that index is
assigned to; otherwise the index of the element assigned is the last
index assigned to by the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
This syntax is also accepted by the `declare' builtin. Individual
-array elements may be assigned to using the `name['SUBSCRIPT`]='VALUE
+array elements may be assigned to using the `NAME[SUBSCRIPT]=VALUE'
syntax introduced above.
- Any element of an array may be referenced using
-`${name['SUBSCRIPT`]}'. The braces are required to avoid conflicts
-with the shell's filename expansion operators. If the SUBSCRIPT is `@'
-or `*', the word expands to all members of the array NAME. These
-subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
-the word is double-quoted, `${name[*]}' expands to a single word with
-the value of each array member separated by the first character of the
-`IFS' variable, and `${name[@]}' expands each element of NAME to a
-separate word. When there are no array members, `${name[@]}' expands
-to nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the
-expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of
-the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
-with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the
-expansion of the special parameters `@' and `*'.
-`${#name['SUBSCRIPT`]}' expands to the length of `${name['SUBSCRIPT`]}'.
-If SUBSCRIPT is `@' or `*', the expansion is the number of elements in
-the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript is
-equivalent to referencing with a subscript of 0. If the SUBSCRIPT used
-to reference an element of an indexed array evaluates to a number less
-than zero, it is used as an offset from one greater than the array's
-maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to the last element of the
-array).
+ Any element of an array may be referenced using `${NAME[SUBSCRIPT]}'.
+The braces are required to avoid conflicts with the shell's filename
+expansion operators. If the SUBSCRIPT is `@' or `*', the word expands
+to all members of the array NAME. These subscripts differ only when
+the word appears within double quotes. If the word is double-quoted,
+`${NAME[*]}' expands to a single word with the value of each array
+member separated by the first character of the `IFS' variable, and
+`${NAME[@]}' expands each element of NAME to a separate word. When
+there are no array members, `${NAME[@]}' expands to nothing. If the
+double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of the
+first parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original word,
+and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last part of
+the original word. This is analogous to the expansion of the special
+parameters `@' and `*'. `${#NAME[SUBSCRIPT]}' expands to the length of
+`${NAME[SUBSCRIPT]}'. If SUBSCRIPT is `@' or `*', the expansion is the
+number of elements in the array. Referencing an array variable without
+a subscript is equivalent to referencing with a subscript of 0. If the
+SUBSCRIPT used to reference an element of an indexed array evaluates to
+a number less than zero, it is used as an offset from one greater than
+the array's maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to the last
+element of the array).
An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned
a value. The null string is a valid value.
- The `unset' builtin is used to destroy arrays. `unset'
-NAME[SUBSCRIPT] destroys the array element at index SUBSCRIPT. Care
+ The `unset' builtin is used to destroy arrays. `unset
+NAME[SUBSCRIPT]' destroys the array element at index SUBSCRIPT. Care
must be taken to avoid unwanted side effects caused by filename
-expansion. `unset' NAME, where NAME is an array, removes the entire
-array. A subscript of `*' or `@' also removes the entire array.
+expansion. `unset NAME', where NAME is an array, removes the entire
+array. A subscript of `*' or `@' also removes the entire array.
The `declare', `local', and `readonly' builtins each accept a `-a'
option to specify an indexed array and a `-A' option to specify an
input.
\1f
-File: bashref.info, Node: The Directory Stack, Next: Printing a Prompt, Prev: Arrays, Up: Bash Features
+File: bashref.info, Node: The Directory Stack, Next: Controlling the Prompt, Prev: Arrays, Up: Bash Features
6.8 The Directory Stack
=======================
------------------------------
`dirs'
- dirs [+N | -N] [-clpv]
+ dirs [-clpv] [+N | -N]
+
Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories
are added to the list with the `pushd' command; the `popd' command
removes directories from the list.
- `+N'
- Displays the Nth directory (counting from the left of the
- list printed by `dirs' when invoked without options), starting
- with zero.
-
- `-N'
- Displays the Nth directory (counting from the right of the
- list printed by `dirs' when invoked without options), starting
- with zero.
`-c'
Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the elements.
`-l'
- Produces a longer listing; the default listing format uses a
- tilde to denote the home directory.
+ Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default listing
+ format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
`-p'
Causes `dirs' to print the directory stack with one entry per
Causes `dirs' to print the directory stack with one entry per
line, prefixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+ `+N'
+ Displays the Nth directory (counting from the left of the
+ list printed by `dirs' when invoked without options), starting
+ with zero.
+
+ `-N'
+ Displays the Nth directory (counting from the right of the
+ list printed by `dirs' when invoked without options), starting
+ with zero.
+
`popd'
- popd [+N | -N] [-n]
+ popd [-n] [+N | -N]
Remove the top entry from the directory stack, and `cd' to the new
top directory. When no arguments are given, `popd' removes the
top directory from the stack and performs a `cd' to the new top
directory. The elements are numbered from 0 starting at the first
- directory listed with `dirs'; i.e., `popd' is equivalent to `popd
- +0'.
+ directory listed with `dirs'; that is, `popd' is equivalent to
+ `popd +0'.
+
+ `-n'
+ Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
+ manipulated.
+
`+N'
Removes the Nth directory (counting from the left of the list
printed by `dirs'), starting with zero.
Removes the Nth directory (counting from the right of the
list printed by `dirs'), starting with zero.
- `-n'
- Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
- directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
- manipulated.
-
`pushd'
- pushd [-n] [+N | -N | DIR ]
+ pushd [-n] [+N | -N | DIR]
Save the current directory on the top of the directory stack and
then `cd' to DIR. With no arguments, `pushd' exchanges the top
`DIR'
Makes the current working directory be the top of the stack,
- and then executes the equivalent of ``cd' DIR'. `cd's to DIR.
-
+ making it the new current directory as if it had been
+ supplied as an argument to the `cd' builtin.
\1f
-File: bashref.info, Node: Printing a Prompt, Next: The Restricted Shell, Prev: The Directory Stack, Up: Bash Features
+File: bashref.info, Node: Controlling the Prompt, Next: The Restricted Shell, Prev: The Directory Stack, Up: Bash Features
6.9 Controlling the Prompt
==========================
on the command line.
In addition, the following table describes the special characters
-which can appear in the prompt variables:
+which can appear in the prompt variables `PS1' to `PS4':
`\a'
A bell character.
to the value of the `promptvars' shell option (*note Bash Builtins::).
\1f
-File: bashref.info, Node: The Restricted Shell, Next: Bash POSIX Mode, Prev: Printing a Prompt, Up: Bash Features
+File: bashref.info, Node: The Restricted Shell, Next: Bash POSIX Mode, Prev: Controlling the Prompt, Up: Bash Features
6.10 The Restricted Shell
=========================
8. Tilde expansion is only performed on assignments preceding a
command name, rather than on all assignment statements on the line.
- 9. The default history file is `~/.sh_history' (this is the default
+ 9. The `command' builtin does not prevent builtins that take
+ assignment statements as arguments from expanding them as
+ assignment statements; when not in POSIX mode, assignment builtins
+ lose their assignment statement expansion properties when preceded
+ by `command'.
+
+ 10. The default history file is `~/.sh_history' (this is the default
value of `$HISTFILE').
- 10. The output of `kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single
+ 11. The output of `kill -l' prints all the signal names on a single
line, separated by spaces, without the `SIG' prefix.
- 11. The `kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a `SIG'
+ 12. The `kill' builtin does not accept signal names with a `SIG'
prefix.
- 12. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in `.' FILENAME is not
+ 13. Non-interactive shells exit if FILENAME in `.' FILENAME is not
found.
- 13. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
+ 14. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
expansion results in an invalid expression.
- 14. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script
+ 15. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script
read with the `.' or `source' builtins, or in a string processed by
the `eval' builtin.
- 15. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
+ 16. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
in the redirection unless the shell is interactive.
- 16. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in
+ 17. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in
the redirection.
- 17. Function names must be valid shell `name's. That is, they may not
+ 18. Function names must be valid shell `name's. That is, they may not
contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and
may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid
name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells.
- 18. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during
+ 19. Function names may not be the same as one of the POSIX special
+ builtins.
+
+ 20. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during
command lookup.
- 19. The `time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When
+ 21. The `time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When
used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and
its completed children. The `TIMEFORMAT' variable controls the
format of the timing information.
- 20. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within
+ 22. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within
double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be
used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless
the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal.
In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs.
- 21. The parser does not recognize `time' as a reserved word if the next
+ 23. The parser does not recognize `time' as a reserved word if the next
token begins with a `-'.
- 22. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
+ 24. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in
the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect
options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for
assignments preceding the command name, and so on.
- 23. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
+ 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment
statements. A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when
trying to assign a value to a readonly variable.
- 24. A non-interactive shell exists with an error status if a variable
+ 26. A non-interactive shell exists with an error status if a variable
assignment error occurs in an assignment statement preceding a
special builtin, but not with any other simple command.
- 25. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
+ 27. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
variable in a `for' statement or the selection variable in a
`select' statement is a readonly variable.
- 26. Process substitution is not available.
+ 28. Process substitution is not available.
- 27. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to
+ 29. While variable indirection is available, it may not be applied to
the `#' and `?' special parameters.
- 28. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in
+ 30. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in
the shell environment after the builtin completes.
- 29. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
+ 31. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
shell environment after the function returns, as if a POSIX
special builtin command had been executed.
- 30. The `export' and `readonly' builtin commands display their output
+ 32. The `export' and `readonly' builtin commands display their output
in the format required by POSIX.
- 31. The `trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading `SIG'.
+ 33. The `trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading `SIG'.
- 32. The `trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
+ 34. The `trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of
digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the
handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they
should use `-' as the first argument.
- 33. The `.' and `source' builtins do not search the current directory
+ 35. The `.' and `source' builtins do not search the current directory
for the filename argument if it is not found by searching `PATH'.
- 34. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the
+ 36. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the
value of the `-e' option from the parent shell. When not in POSIX
mode, Bash clears the `-e' option in such subshells.
- 35. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
+ 37. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
- 36. When the `alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
+ 38. When the `alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
display them with a leading `alias ' unless the `-p' option is
supplied.
- 37. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
+ 39. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
display shell function names and definitions.
- 38. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+ 40. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
- 39. When the `cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
+ 41. When the `cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
constructed from `$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an
argument does not refer to an existing directory, `cd' will fail
instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode.
- 40. The `pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
+ 42. The `pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
system with the `-P' option.
- 41. When listing the history, the `fc' builtin does not include an
+ 43. When listing the history, the `fc' builtin does not include an
indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
- 42. The default editor used by `fc' is `ed'.
+ 44. The default editor used by `fc' is `ed'.
- 43. The `type' and `command' builtins will not report a non-executable
+ 45. The `type' and `command' builtins will not report a non-executable
file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to
execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in
`$PATH'.
- 44. The `vi' editing mode will invoke the `vi' editor directly when
+ 46. The `vi' editing mode will invoke the `vi' editor directly when
the `v' command is run, instead of checking `$VISUAL' and
`$EDITOR'.
- 45. When the `xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
+ 47. When the `xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
interpret any arguments to `echo' as options. Each argument is
displayed, after escape characters are converted.
- 46. The `ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the `-c'
+ 48. The `ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the `-c'
and `-f' options.
- 47. The arrival of `SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on `SIGCHLD' does not
+ 49. The arrival of `SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on `SIGCHLD' does not
interrupt the `wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately.
The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the name used to
start it, or using a substring that appears in its command line. For
-example, `%ce' refers to a stopped `ce' job. Using `%?ce', on the other
-hand, refers to any job containing the string `ce' in its command line.
-If the prefix or substring matches more than one job, Bash reports an
-error.
+example, `%ce' refers to a stopped `ce' job. Using `%?ce', on the
+other hand, refers to any job containing the string `ce' in its command
+line. If the prefix or substring matches more than one job, Bash
+reports an error.
Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground:
`%1' is a synonym for `fg %1', bringing job 1 from the background into
`bg'
bg [JOBSPEC ...]
+
Resume each suspended job JOBSPEC in the background, as if it had
been started with `&'. If JOBSPEC is not supplied, the current
job is used. The return status is zero unless it is run when job
`fg'
fg [JOBSPEC]
+
Resume the job JOBSPEC in the foreground and make it the current
job. If JOBSPEC is not supplied, the current job is used. The
return status is that of the command placed into the foreground,
List only the process ID of the job's process group leader.
`-r'
- Restrict output to running jobs.
+ Display only running jobs.
`-s'
- Restrict output to stopped jobs.
+ Display only stopped jobs.
If JOBSPEC is given, output is restricted to information about
that job. If JOBSPEC is not supplied, the status of all jobs is
`kill'
kill [-s SIGSPEC] [-n SIGNUM] [-SIGSPEC] JOBSPEC or PID
kill -l [EXIT_STATUS]
+
Send a signal specified by SIGSPEC or SIGNUM to the process named
by job specification JOBSPEC or process ID PID. SIGSPEC is either
a case-insensitive signal name such as `SIGINT' (with or without
`wait'
wait [JOBSPEC or PID ...]
+
Wait until the child process specified by each process ID PID or
job specification JOBSPEC exits and return the exit status of the
last command waited for. If a job spec is given, all processes in
`disown'
disown [-ar] [-h] [JOBSPEC ...]
- Without options, each JOBSPEC is removed from the table of active
- jobs. If the `-h' option is given, the job is not removed from
- the table, but is marked so that `SIGHUP' is not sent to the job
- if the shell receives a `SIGHUP'. If JOBSPEC is not present, and
- neither the `-a' nor `-r' option is supplied, the current job is
- used. If no JOBSPEC is supplied, the `-a' option means to remove
- or mark all jobs; the `-r' option without a JOBSPEC argument
- restricts operation to running jobs.
+
+ Without options, remove each JOBSPEC from the table of active jobs.
+ If the `-h' option is given, the job is not removed from the table,
+ but is marked so that `SIGHUP' is not sent to the job if the shell
+ receives a `SIGHUP'. If JOBSPEC is not present, and neither the
+ `-a' nor `-r' option is supplied, the current job is used. If no
+ JOBSPEC is supplied, the `-a' option means to remove or mark all
+ jobs; the `-r' option without a JOBSPEC argument restricts
+ operation to running jobs.
`suspend'
suspend [-f]
+
Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a `SIGCONT'
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the `-f' option can be
used to override this and force the suspension.
-
When job control is not active, the `kill' and `wait' builtins do
not accept JOBSPEC arguments. They must be supplied process IDs.
`fc [-e ENAME] [-lnr] [FIRST] [LAST]'
`fc -s [PAT=REP] [COMMAND]'
- Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from FIRST to
- LAST is selected from the history list. Both FIRST and LAST may
- be specified as a string (to locate the most recent command
- beginning with that string) or as a number (an index into the
- history list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the
- current command number). If LAST is not specified it is set to
- FIRST. If FIRST is not specified it is set to the previous
- command for editing and -16 for listing. If the `-l' flag is
- given, the commands are listed on standard output. The `-n' flag
- suppresses the command numbers when listing. The `-r' flag
- reverses the order of the listing. Otherwise, the editor given by
- ENAME is invoked on a file containing those commands. If ENAME is
- not given, the value of the following variable expansion is used:
- `${FCEDIT:-${EDITOR:-vi}}'. This says to use the value of the
- `FCEDIT' variable if set, or the value of the `EDITOR' variable if
- that is set, or `vi' if neither is set. When editing is complete,
- the edited commands are echoed and executed.
+ The first form selects a range of commands from FIRST to LAST from
+ the history list and displays or edits and re-executes them. Both
+ FIRST and LAST may be specified as a string (to locate the most
+ recent command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as an
+ offset from the current command number). If LAST is not specified
+ it is set to FIRST. If FIRST is not specified it is set to the
+ previous command for editing and -16 for listing. If the `-l'
+ flag is given, the commands are listed on standard output. The
+ `-n' flag suppresses the command numbers when listing. The `-r'
+ flag reverses the order of the listing. Otherwise, the editor
+ given by ENAME is invoked on a file containing those commands. If
+ ENAME is not given, the value of the following variable expansion
+ is used: `${FCEDIT:-${EDITOR:-vi}}'. This says to use the value
+ of the `FCEDIT' variable if set, or the value of the `EDITOR'
+ variable if that is set, or `vi' if neither is set. When editing
+ is complete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
In the second form, COMMAND is re-executed after each instance of
- PAT in the selected command is replaced by REP.
+ PAT in the selected command is replaced by REP. COMMAND is
+ intepreted the same as FIRST above.
A useful alias to use with the `fc' command is `r='fc -s'', so
that typing `r cc' runs the last command beginning with `cc' and
session.
`-r'
- Read the current history file and append its contents to the
- history list.
+ Read the history file and append its contents to the history
+ list.
`-w'
- Write out the current history to the history file.
+ Write out the current history list to the history file.
`-p'
Perform history substitution on the ARGs and display the
`--enable-prompt-string-decoding'
Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped
characters in the `$PS1', `$PS2', `$PS3', and `$PS4' prompt
- strings. See *note Printing a Prompt::, for a complete list of
- prompt string escape sequences.
+ strings. See *note Controlling the Prompt::, for a complete list
+ of prompt string escape sequences.
`--enable-readline'
Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash
Specification, version 3. *Note Bash Builtins::, for a
description of the escape sequences that `echo' recognizes.
-
The file `config-top.h' contains C Preprocessor `#define' statements
for options which are not settable from `configure'. Some of these are
not meant to be changed; beware of the consequences if you do. Read
as the value of the `DIRSTACK' shell variable.
* Bash interprets special backslash-escaped characters in the prompt
- strings when interactive (*note Printing a Prompt::).
+ strings when interactive (*note Controlling the Prompt::).
* The Bash restricted mode is more useful (*note The Restricted
Shell::); the SVR4.2 shell restricted mode is too limited.
* Menu:
* .: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 16)
+ (line 17)
* :: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 11)
* [: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 219)
+ (line 240)
* alias: Bash Builtins. (line 11)
* bg: Job Control Builtins.
(line 7)
* bind: Bash Builtins. (line 21)
* break: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 29)
+ (line 31)
* builtin: Bash Builtins. (line 98)
-* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 106)
+* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 107)
* cd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 36)
-* command: Bash Builtins. (line 123)
+ (line 39)
+* command: Bash Builtins. (line 125)
* compgen: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 10)
* complete: Programmable Completion Builtins.
* compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 217)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 58)
-* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 142)
+ (line 63)
+* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 145)
* dirs: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 7)
* disown: Job Control Builtins.
- (line 83)
-* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 226)
-* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 287)
+ (line 87)
+* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 229)
+* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 291)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 66)
+ (line 72)
* exec: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 73)
+ (line 80)
* exit: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 85)
+ (line 97)
* export: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 91)
+ (line 104)
* fc: Bash History Builtins.
(line 10)
* fg: Job Control Builtins.
- (line 16)
+ (line 17)
* getopts: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 106)
+ (line 120)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 148)
-* help: Bash Builtins. (line 315)
+ (line 163)
+* help: Bash Builtins. (line 320)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
- (line 39)
+ (line 40)
* jobs: Job Control Builtins.
- (line 25)
+ (line 27)
* kill: Job Control Builtins.
- (line 57)
-* let: Bash Builtins. (line 335)
-* local: Bash Builtins. (line 342)
-* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 352)
-* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 356)
+ (line 59)
+* let: Bash Builtins. (line 341)
+* local: Bash Builtins. (line 349)
+* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 360)
+* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 365)
* popd: Directory Stack Builtins.
- (line 37)
-* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 402)
+ (line 39)
+* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 413)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
- (line 58)
+ (line 61)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 167)
-* read: Bash Builtins. (line 447)
-* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 527)
+ (line 183)
+* read: Bash Builtins. (line 459)
+* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 541)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 176)
+ (line 193)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 194)
+ (line 212)
* set: The Set Builtin. (line 11)
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 207)
+ (line 227)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 535)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 550)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
- (line 94)
+ (line 99)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 219)
+ (line 240)
* times: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 292)
+ (line 316)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 297)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 539)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 570)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 576)
+ (line 322)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 555)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 587)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 593)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 343)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 665)
+ (line 369)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 684)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 360)
+ (line 387)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
- (line 73)
+ (line 76)
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Reserved Word Index, Next: Variable Index, Prev: Builtin Index, Up: Indexes
(line 28)
* fi: Conditional Constructs.
(line 7)
-* for: Looping Constructs. (line 29)
+* for: Looping Constructs. (line 32)
* function: Shell Functions. (line 13)
* if: Conditional Constructs.
(line 7)
(line 7)
* time: Pipelines. (line 9)
* until: Looping Constructs. (line 12)
-* while: Looping Constructs. (line 20)
+* while: Looping Constructs. (line 22)
* {: Command Grouping. (line 21)
* }: Command Grouping. (line 21)
* BASH_SOURCE: Bash Variables. (line 94)
* BASH_SUBSHELL: Bash Variables. (line 101)
* BASH_VERSINFO: Bash Variables. (line 106)
-* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 130)
-* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 133)
+* BASH_VERSION: Bash Variables. (line 129)
+* BASH_XTRACEFD: Bash Variables. (line 132)
* BASHOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 16)
* BASHPID: Bash Variables. (line 25)
* bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 45)
* CDPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 9)
-* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 144)
+* COLUMNS: Bash Variables. (line 143)
* comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 50)
-* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 149)
-* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 178)
-* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 155)
-* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 160)
-* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 168)
-* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 182)
-* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 188)
+* COMP_CWORD: Bash Variables. (line 148)
+* COMP_KEY: Bash Variables. (line 177)
+* COMP_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 154)
+* COMP_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 159)
+* COMP_TYPE: Bash Variables. (line 167)
+* COMP_WORDBREAKS: Bash Variables. (line 181)
+* COMP_WORDS: Bash Variables. (line 187)
* completion-display-width: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 55)
* completion-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 73)
* completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 80)
-* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 196)
+* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 195)
* convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 90)
-* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 201)
-* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 205)
+* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 200)
+* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 204)
* disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 96)
* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 101)
-* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 215)
+* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 214)
* enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 112)
-* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 220)
-* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 224)
+* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 219)
+* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 223)
* expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 123)
-* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 228)
-* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 232)
-* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 238)
-* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 256)
-* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 261)
-* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 267)
-* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 273)
-* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 288)
-* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 293)
-* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 309)
-* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 313)
-* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 321)
+* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 227)
+* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 231)
+* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 237)
+* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 255)
+* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 260)
+* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 266)
+* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 272)
+* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 287)
+* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 292)
+* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 308)
+* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 312)
+* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 320)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 127)
* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 133)
-* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 340)
-* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 344)
+* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 339)
+* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 343)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 138)
-* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 353)
-* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 364)
-* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 367)
+* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 352)
+* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 363)
+* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 366)
* IFS: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 18)
-* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 370)
+* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 369)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 145)
-* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 380)
+* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 379)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 152)
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 159)
-* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 384)
-* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 388)
-* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 392)
-* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 399)
+* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 383)
+* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 387)
+* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 391)
+* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 398)
* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Locale Translation. (line 11)
-* LC_MESSAGES: Bash Variables. (line 404)
-* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 408)
-* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 412)
-* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 416)
-* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 421)
+* LC_MESSAGES: Bash Variables. (line 403)
+* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 407)
+* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 411)
+* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 415)
+* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 420)
* MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 22)
-* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 425)
+* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 424)
* MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 27)
-* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 433)
+* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 432)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 172)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 189)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 145)
-* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 437)
+* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 436)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 34)
-* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 440)
+* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 439)
* OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 38)
-* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 444)
+* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 443)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 194)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 199)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 42)
-* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 447)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 452)
-* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 461)
-* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 465)
-* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 469)
+* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 446)
+* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 451)
+* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 460)
+* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 464)
+* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 468)
* PS1: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 48)
* PS2: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 53)
-* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 475)
-* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 480)
-* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 486)
-* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 489)
-* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 494)
-* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 498)
-* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 502)
+* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 474)
+* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 479)
+* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 485)
+* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 488)
+* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 493)
+* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 497)
+* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 501)
* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 209)
-* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 505)
-* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 511)
-* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 516)
-* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 525)
+* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 504)
+* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 510)
+* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 515)
+* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 524)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 215)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 230)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11)
-* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 530)
-* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 568)
-* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 580)
-* UID: Bash Variables. (line 584)
+* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 529)
+* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 567)
+* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 579)
+* UID: Bash Variables. (line 583)
* visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 243)
* interaction, readline: Readline Interaction.
(line 6)
* interactive shell <1>: Interactive Shells. (line 6)
-* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 127)
+* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 125)
* internationalization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
* job: Definitions. (line 38)
* job control <1>: Job Control Basics. (line 6)
* killing text: Readline Killing Commands.
(line 6)
* localization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
-* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 124)
+* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 122)
* matching, pattern: Pattern Matching. (line 6)
* metacharacter: Definitions. (line 46)
* name: Definitions. (line 51)
(line 6)
* programmable completion: Programmable Completion.
(line 6)
-* prompting: Printing a Prompt. (line 6)
+* prompting: Controlling the Prompt.
+ (line 6)
* quoting: Quoting. (line 6)
* quoting, ANSI: ANSI-C Quoting. (line 6)
* Readline, how to use: Job Control Variables.
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f1336
-Node: Introduction\7f3165
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3393
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4506
-Node: Definitions\7f7045
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9963
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f11182
-Node: Shell Operation\7f12212
-Node: Quoting\7f13506
-Node: Escape Character\7f14809
-Node: Single Quotes\7f15294
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15642
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16767
-Node: Locale Translation\7f18011
-Node: Comments\7f18907
-Node: Shell Commands\7f19525
-Node: Simple Commands\7f20397
-Node: Pipelines\7f21028
-Node: Lists\7f23722
-Node: Compound Commands\7f25451
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f26457
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f28916
-Node: Command Grouping\7f37061
-Node: Coprocesses\7f38540
-Node: GNU Parallel\7f40205
-Node: Shell Functions\7f42673
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f47617
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f50033
-Node: Special Parameters\7f50933
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f53897
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f55822
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f58577
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f60928
-Node: Command Substitution\7f70063
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f71396
-Node: Process Substitution\7f72246
-Node: Word Splitting\7f73296
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f74919
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f77087
-Node: Quote Removal\7f80787
-Node: Redirections\7f81082
-Node: Executing Commands\7f89795
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f90465
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f92395
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f94732
-Node: Environment\7f97718
-Node: Exit Status\7f99378
-Node: Signals\7f100999
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f102967
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f105485
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f107513
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f125755
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f151985
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f152330
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f162018
-Node: Special Builtins\7f174902
-Node: Shell Variables\7f175881
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f176321
-Node: Bash Variables\7f178348
-Node: Bash Features\7f203351
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f204234
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f209998
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f215019
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f215429
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f216078
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f216893
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f220173
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f223962
-Node: Aliases\7f226721
-Node: Arrays\7f229293
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f233515
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f234229
-Node: Printing a Prompt\7f237121
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f239873
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f241705
-Node: Job Control\7f250479
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f250939
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f255656
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f260020
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f261178
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f262745
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f264367
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f265558
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f267347
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f268312
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f270232
-Node: Searching\7f271276
-Node: Readline Init File\7f273462
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f274609
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f289951
-Node: Sample Init File\7f292484
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f295601
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f296808
-Node: Commands For History\7f297952
-Node: Commands For Text\7f302137
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f304810
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f307267
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f308406
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f312598
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f313169
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f318975
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f319882
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f327092
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f336228
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f336912
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f339826
-Node: History Interaction\7f343683
-Node: Event Designators\7f346388
-Node: Word Designators\7f347610
-Node: Modifiers\7f349249
-Node: Installing Bash\7f350653
-Node: Basic Installation\7f351790
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f354482
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f355223
-Node: Installation Names\7f356887
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f357705
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f358421
-Node: Operation Controls\7f359094
-Node: Optional Features\7f360052
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f369620
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f370821
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f387508
-Node: Indexes\7f412704
-Node: Builtin Index\7f413158
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f419985
-Node: Variable Index\7f422433
-Node: Function Index\7f435528
-Node: Concept Index\7f442683
+Node: Top\7f1348
+Node: Introduction\7f3190
+Node: What is Bash?\7f3418
+Node: What is a shell?\7f4531
+Node: Definitions\7f7070
+Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9988
+Node: Shell Syntax\7f11207
+Node: Shell Operation\7f12237
+Node: Quoting\7f13531
+Node: Escape Character\7f14834
+Node: Single Quotes\7f15319
+Node: Double Quotes\7f15667
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16792
+Node: Locale Translation\7f18036
+Node: Comments\7f18932
+Node: Shell Commands\7f19550
+Node: Simple Commands\7f20422
+Node: Pipelines\7f21053
+Node: Lists\7f23752
+Node: Compound Commands\7f25481
+Node: Looping Constructs\7f26487
+Node: Conditional Constructs\7f28950
+Node: Command Grouping\7f37095
+Node: Coprocesses\7f38574
+Node: GNU Parallel\7f40248
+Node: Shell Functions\7f42716
+Node: Shell Parameters\7f47800
+Node: Positional Parameters\7f50405
+Node: Special Parameters\7f51305
+Node: Shell Expansions\7f54269
+Node: Brace Expansion\7f56195
+Node: Tilde Expansion\7f58949
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f61298
+Node: Command Substitution\7f70432
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f71765
+Node: Process Substitution\7f72615
+Node: Word Splitting\7f73665
+Node: Filename Expansion\7f75288
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f77453
+Node: Quote Removal\7f81153
+Node: Redirections\7f81448
+Node: Executing Commands\7f90285
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f90955
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f92885
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f95222
+Node: Environment\7f98208
+Node: Exit Status\7f99867
+Node: Signals\7f101489
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f103457
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f105975
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f108003
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f126676
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f153054
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f153399
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f163147
+Node: Special Builtins\7f176848
+Node: Shell Variables\7f177827
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f178267
+Node: Bash Variables\7f180298
+Node: Bash Features\7f205299
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f206198
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f211960
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f216979
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f217389
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f218038
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f218853
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f222133
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f225921
+Node: Aliases\7f228680
+Node: Arrays\7f231236
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f235444
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f236163
+Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f239119
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f241891
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f243728
+Node: Job Control\7f252876
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f253336
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f258055
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f262407
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f263565
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f265132
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f266754
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f267945
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f269734
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f270699
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f272619
+Node: Searching\7f273663
+Node: Readline Init File\7f275849
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f276996
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f292338
+Node: Sample Init File\7f294871
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f297988
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f299195
+Node: Commands For History\7f300339
+Node: Commands For Text\7f304524
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f307197
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f309654
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f310793
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f314985
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f315556
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f321362
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f322269
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f329479
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f338615
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f339299
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f342213
+Node: History Interaction\7f346141
+Node: Event Designators\7f348846
+Node: Word Designators\7f350068
+Node: Modifiers\7f351707
+Node: Installing Bash\7f353111
+Node: Basic Installation\7f354248
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f356940
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f357681
+Node: Installation Names\7f359345
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f360163
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f360879
+Node: Operation Controls\7f361552
+Node: Optional Features\7f362510
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f372082
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f373283
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f389975
+Node: Indexes\7f415171
+Node: Builtin Index\7f415625
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f422452
+Node: Variable Index\7f424900
+Node: Function Index\7f437995
+Node: Concept Index\7f445150
\1f
End Tag Table
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**/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi
(/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi (./texinfo.tex
Loading texinfo [version 2009-01-18.17]:
Chapter 2
[1] [2] [3] Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
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+Overfull \hbox (43.33539pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 882--882
[]@texttt case @textttsl word @texttt in [ [(] @textttsl pat-tern @texttt [| @
-textttsl pat-tern@texttt ][]) @textttsl command-list @texttt ;;][] esac[][]
+textttsl pat-tern@texttt ][]) @textttsl command-list @texttt ;;][] esac[]
@hbox(7.60416+2.43333)x433.62
.@glue(@leftskip) 86.72375
.etc.
[11] [12] [13] [14]
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+Overfull \hbox (89.6747pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1204--1204
[]@texttt cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}
" | process-output[]
.etc.
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+Overfull \hbox (89.6747pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1219--1219
[]@texttt { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | p
arallel traceroute[]
.etc.
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+Overfull \hbox (106.92076pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1225--1225
[]@texttt { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | p
arallel -k traceroute[]
[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]
[30] [31] [32] [33] [34] Chapter 4 [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42]
[43]
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+Underfull \hbox (badness 5231) in paragraph at lines 3479--3492
@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
m , @texttt vi-move[]@textrm , @texttt vi-command[]@textrm , and
.@texttt c
.etc.
-[44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49]
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- []@texttt read [-ers] [-a @textttsl aname@texttt ] [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt
- ] [-i @textttsl text@texttt ] [-n @textttsl nchars@texttt ] [-N @textttsl ncha
-rs@texttt ] [-p @textttsl prompt@texttt ] [-t @textttsl time-
-
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-.@glue(@leftskip) 86.72375
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-.@texttt r
-.@texttt e
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+[44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58]
+[59] [60]
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[]@textrm If set, range ex-pres-sions used in pat-tern match-ing (see
@hbox(8.2125+2.73749)x433.62, glue set 3.79674
.@glue 3.65 plus 1.825 minus 1.21666
.etc.
-[60] [61] [62] Chapter 5 [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72]
-[73] Chapter 6 [74]
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+[61] [62] Chapter 5 [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73]
+Chapter 6 [74]
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
exttt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.etc.
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+Overfull \hbox (76.23077pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5618--5618
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt
] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] -c @textttsl string @texttt [@textttsl ar
-
.etc.
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+Overfull \hbox (34.72258pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 5619--5619
[]@texttt bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@text
tt ] [-O @textttsl shopt_option@texttt ] [@textttsl ar-
.etc.
[75] [76]
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+Underfull \hbox (badness 2245) in paragraph at lines 5790--5792
[]@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from
the file
.etc.
[77] [78] [79] [80] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] [89] [90]
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@textrm `@texttt --enable-strict-posix-default[]@textrm '[] to @texttt configur
e[] @textrm when build-ing (see Sec-tion 10.8
[123] [124]) (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
[125] [126] [127] [128] [129] [130]) Chapter 10 [131] [132] [133] [134]
[135]
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[]@textrm Enable sup-port for large files (@texttt http://www.sas.com/standard
s/large_
[163] [164] )
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%%EndProlog
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%%Page: 28 34
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%%Page: 29 35
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+@numsecentry{Special Builtins}{4.4}{Special Builtins}{63}
@numchapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{Shell Variables}{65}
@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5.1}{Bourne Shell Variables}{65}
@numsecentry{Bash Variables}{5.2}{Bash Variables}{65}
@numsecentry{Arrays}{6.7}{Arrays}{84}
@numsecentry{The Directory Stack}{6.8}{The Directory Stack}{85}
@numsubsecentry{Directory Stack Builtins}{6.8.1}{Directory Stack Builtins}{85}
-@numsecentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6.9}{Printing a Prompt}{86}
+@numsecentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6.9}{Controlling the Prompt}{87}
@numsecentry{The Restricted Shell}{6.10}{The Restricted Shell}{88}
@numsecentry{Bash POSIX Mode}{6.11}{Bash POSIX Mode}{88}
@numchapentry{Job Control}{7}{Job Control}{93}
@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{127}
@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{127}
@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{129}
-@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{129}
+@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{130}
@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{130}
@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{131}
@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{133}
\entry{$}{18}{\code {$}}
\entry{!}{18}{\code {!}}
\entry{0}{18}{\code {0}}
-\entry{_}{18}{\code {_}}
+\entry{_}{19}{\code {_}}
\entry{CDPATH}{65}{\code {CDPATH}}
\entry{HOME}{65}{\code {HOME}}
\entry{IFS}{65}{\code {IFS}}
\initial {@}
\entry {\code {@}}{18}
\initial {_}
-\entry {\code {_}}{18}
+\entry {\code {_}}{19}
\initial {0}
\entry {\code {0}}{18}
\initial {A}
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell
environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
- cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash, file
- names in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b-
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The file searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable.
+ cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
+ filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The file searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable.
When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
lowed. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current
working directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc-
cessful directory change, c\bcd\bd will return an unsuccessful status.
- An argument of -\b- is equivalent to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD. If a non-empty
- directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first argu-
- ment, and the directory change is successful, the absolute path-
- name of the new working directory is written to the standard
- output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
- fully changed; false otherwise.
+ An argument of -\b- is converted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before the directory
+ change is attempted. If a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ is used, or if -\b- is the first argument, and the directory change
+ is successful, the absolute pathname of the new working direc-
+ tory is written to the standard output. The return value is
+ true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
- lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
- executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
- find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
option is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
- option causes a single word indicating the command or file name
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
- more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
- the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
- Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
- to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
- various shell variables set by the programmable completion
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion
facilities, while available, will not have useful values.
- The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
- grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
+ The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
+ grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
completion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is speci-
fied, only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
[-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
- -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
- completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
- ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
pletion specifications. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the
- remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
- command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
- for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
- option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
- apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
+ remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
+ command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
+ for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
+ option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+ apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
attempted on a blank line.
- The process of applying these completion specifications when
- word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
- -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (like adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
- default) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
+ default) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
- generated, directory name completion is
- attempted and any matches are added to the
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ generated, directory name completion is
+ attempted and any matches are added to the
results of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
output is used as the possible completions.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
- pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
+ pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. The possible completions are the members
- of the resultant list which match the word being com-
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. The possible completions are the members
+ of the resultant list which match the word being com-
pleted.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
- case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
-
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
- an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
+
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
- are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
- options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
- described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
+ are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
+ options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
+ described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
- has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
- remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
+ remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
- enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
+ enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
than or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is
- supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
- and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
- the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
- -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
- variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
+ supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
+ and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
+ the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
+ -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
+ variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits the display of function defi-
- nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
- the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
+ nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
+ the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
file name and line number where the function is defined are dis-
played as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies -\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces
- variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
- when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
- all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
- output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
+ variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
+ when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
+ all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
+ output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
- -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
- inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
- shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
+ -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
+ inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
+ shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
the exceptions that +\b+a\ba may not be used to destroy an array vari-
- able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
- in a function, makes each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command,
- unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied, If a variable name is followed
- by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The
- return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an
- attempt is made to define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an
- attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable, an
- attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without
- using the compound assignment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of
- the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made
- to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt
- is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an
- attempt is made to display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
-
- d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b]
+ able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
+ in a function, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt make each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with
+ the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a vari-
+ able name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable is
+ set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using ``-f
+ foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly
+ variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an array vari-
+ able without using the compound assignment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, an
+ attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly vari-
+ able, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array
+ variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent func-
+ tion with -\b-f\bf.
+
+ d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b] [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b]
Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
directories. The default display is on a single line with
directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
entries from the list.
+ -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
+ entries.
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
+ listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
+ -\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
-\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
- -\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
- entries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
- uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
- -\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
- fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
- active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br
- is supplied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If
- the -\b-h\bh option is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the ta-
- ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
- shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
- the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
- If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means to remove or mark
- all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
- operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
+ Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
+ jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br is sup-
+ plied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh
+ option is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but
+ is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell
+ receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither the -\b-a\ba
+ nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If no
+ _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means to remove or mark all
+ jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts opera-
+ tion to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
+ does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
- The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option
- is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
- characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
- tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
- interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
- to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these
- escape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to
- mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape
+ is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
+ characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
+ tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
+ interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
+ to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these
+ escape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to
+ mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape
sequences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
- The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
+ The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
- ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
- is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
- plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
- tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
- output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
- value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
- ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
+ ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
_\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
file cannot be executed. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redi-
rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status
- is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
+ is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
- exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
- export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
- name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
- option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
- variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a func-
- tion.
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
+ variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
+ to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns
+ an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one
+ of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
+ plied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
- to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
- be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
- with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
- list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur-
- rent command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified it is set to the
- current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
- last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not spec-
- ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
- listing.
+ The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
+ from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+ them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
+ the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
+ an offset from the current command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not
+ specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that
+ ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt other-
+ wise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified it is set to the previous com-
+ mand for editing and -16 for listing.
The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
-\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
the edited commands are echoed and executed.
In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
- ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
- beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com-
- mand.
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is intepreted the same as
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
+ so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
+ ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command.
If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
file into the current history list. These are lines
appended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
- -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and use them as the
- current history.
- -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
- ing the history file's contents.
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ the current history list.
+ -\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
+ writing the history file's contents.
-\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
display the result on the standard output. Does not
store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
status since the user was last notified of their status.
-\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
- -\b-r\br Restrict output to running jobs.
- -\b-s\bs Restrict output to stopped jobs.
+ -\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
+ -\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
- new current working directory.
+ new current working directory as if it had been supplied
+ as the argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin.
If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
- fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
- occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
- descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
- second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
- ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
+ second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
+ ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
- are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
- split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
- used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
- and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
+ split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
+ used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
+ and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
ignored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
input line, rather than newline.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
not previously active) editing settings.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
- waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
are read.
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
- following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
- tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
- other special file; it has no effect when reading from
- regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
- input is available on the specified file descriptor,
- failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
- if the timeout is exceeded.
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
+ following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
+ tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
+ other special file; it has no effect when reading from
+ regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns immedi-
+ ately, without trying to read any data. The exit statis
+ is 0 if input is available on the specified file descrip-
+ tor, non-zero otherwise. The exit status is greater than
+ 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
- If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
- executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
- during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
- causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
- _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
- script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
- function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
- status is false. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is
- executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is used outside a function, but during execution of a
+ script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop
+ executing that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of
+ the last command executed within the script as the exit status
+ of the script. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is used
+ outside a function and not during execution of a script by .\b. or
+ s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed
+ before execution resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
-\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl command enclosed in
- parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of
- a command list enclosed by braces (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
- exit if the command that fails is part of the command
- list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test following the i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved
- words, part of any command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list
- except the command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any
- command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
- return value is being inverted with !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero sta-
+ tus. The shell does not exit if the command that fails
+ is part of the command list immediately following a
+ w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the
+ i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed
+ in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the
+ final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last,
+ or if the command's return value is being inverted with
+ !\b!. If a compound command other than a subshell returns
+ a non-zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was
+ being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
- unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
ior. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list of all set-
table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
- each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
- form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
+ each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
+ form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
- play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec-
- tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
- (unset) by default.
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
- and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
U\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
- with respect to quoted arguments to the [\b[[\b[ conditional
+ with respect to quoted arguments to the [\b[[\b[ conditional
command's =\b=~\b~ operator.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators.
- Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators.
+ Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's
collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
- (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
+ (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
command list.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in posix mode, treats a single quote
- in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
- character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
- ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
- considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
- through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in posix mode, treats a single quote
+ in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
+ character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
+ ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
+ considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
+ through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
as in previous versions.
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that
+ expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
This changes the contents of the readline editing
- buffer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ buffer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching (see
- P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave as if in the traditional
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching (see
+ P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave as if in the traditional
C locale when performing comparisons. That is, the cur-
- rent locale's collating sequence is not taken into
- account, so b\bb will not collate between A\bA and B\bB, and
- upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate
+ rent locale's collating sequence is not taken into
+ account, so b\bb will not collate between A\bA and B\bB, and
+ upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate
together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
- described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
- accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
- -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
-
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
+ ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and op-
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+ an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
+
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
- depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a sim-
ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following
- conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
- is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
- u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
- command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
- value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
+ conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
+ is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
+ u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
+ command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
+ value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
- reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
+ reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
- file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
- all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
+ ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
+ used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
+ named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
+ the -\b-p\bp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
+ not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
+ function lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true
+ if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
- (the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
- an error occurs while setting a new limit.
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte
+ blocks; and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The
+ return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is sup-
+ plied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
tion, and the function definition is removed. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
- unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bN-\b-
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
+ unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bN-\b-
D\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
only.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
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-(Arrays)3.683 E F0(abo)144 304.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G .097(\), one of the)
-.15 F F3(names)2.597 E F0 .097(is not a v)2.597 F .097(alid shell v)-.25
-F .097(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.596(fr)-.25
-G(eadonly)-2.596 E .658(status for a readonly v)144 316.8 R .658
-(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 3.158(fa)-.25 G .659
-(rray status for an array v)-3.158 F .659(ariable, or)-.25 F
-(an attempt is made to display a non-e)144 328.8 Q
-(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(dirs [+)108 345.6
-Q F3(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F3(n)A F1 2.5(][)C(\255clpv])-2.5 E F0
--.4(Wi)144 357.6 S .329
+(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 244.8 Q F1
+(declar)2.835 E(e)-.18 E F0(and)2.835 E F1(typeset)2.835 E F0(mak)2.835
+E 2.835(ee)-.1 G(ach)-2.835 E F3(name)2.835 E F0 .335
+(local, as with the)2.835 F F1(local)2.835 E F0 .335
+(command, unless the)2.835 F F1<ad67>2.835 E F0(option)2.835 E .134
+(is supplied.)144 256.8 R .134(If a v)5.134 F .134
+(ariable name is follo)-.25 F .134(wed by =)-.25 F F3(value)A F0 2.634
+(,t)C .134(he v)-2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .133
+(ariable is set to)-.25 F F3(value)2.633 E F0 5.133(.T)C(he)-5.133 E .8
+(return v)144 268.8 R .8(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G
+.801
+(lid option is encountered, an attempt is made to de\214ne a function)
+.25 F(using)144 280.8 Q/F4 10/Courier@0 SF 1.039(\255f foo=bar)3.539 F
+F0 3.539(,a)C 3.539(na)-3.539 G 1.038(ttempt is made to assign a v)
+-3.539 F 1.038(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F 1.038(ariable, an attempt is)
+-.25 F .974(made to assign a v)144 292.8 R .974(alue to an array v)-.25
+F .974(ariable without using the compound assignment syntax \(see)-.25 F
+F1(Arrays)144 304.8 Q F0(abo)2.86 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .36(\), one of the)
+.15 F F3(names)2.86 E F0 .36(is not a v)2.86 F .36(alid shell v)-.25 F
+.36(ariable name, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F(f)-.25 E .056
+(readonly status for a readonly v)144 316.8 R .057
+(ariable, an attempt is made to turn of)-.25 F 2.557(fa)-.25 G .057
+(rray status for an array v)-2.557 F(ari-)-.25 E
+(able, or an attempt is made to display a non-e)144 328.8 Q
+(xistent function with)-.15 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(dirs [\255clpv] [+)108 345.6 Q F3(n)A F1 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F3(n)A F1
+(])A F0 -.4(Wi)144 357.6 S .329
(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.)
.4 F .328(The def)5.328 F .328(ault display is on a)-.1 F 1.238
(single line with directory names separated by spaces.)144 369.6 R 1.238
(Directories are added to the list with the)6.238 F F1(pushd)144 381.6 Q
F0(command; the)2.5 E F1(popd)2.5 E F0(command remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 393.6 Q F3(n)A F0
-1.565(Displays the)25.3 F F3(n)4.065 E F0 1.565
+2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1<ad63>144 393.6 Q F0
+(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1
+<ad6c>144 405.6 Q F0 .882
+(Produces a listing using full pathnames; the def)27.52 F .881
+(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote)-.1 F(the home directory)180
+417.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 429.6 Q F0
+(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144
+441.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\
+\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773
+G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 453.6 Q F1(+)144 465.6 Q F3(n)A F0 1.565
+(Displays the)25.3 F F3(n)4.065 E F0 1.565
(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1
(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 405.6 Q F1<ad>144 417.6 Q F3
+(without options, starting with zero.)180 477.6 Q F1<ad>144 489.6 Q F3
(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F3(n)3.694 E F0 1.194
(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.194(wn by)-.25 F
F1(dirs)3.694 E F0 1.194(when in)3.694 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 429.6 Q F1<ad63>144 441.6 Q F0
-(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1
-<ad6c>144 453.6 Q F0 .324(Produces a longer listing; the def)27.52 F
-.324(ault listing format uses a tilde to denote the home direc-)-.1 F
-(tory)180 465.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 477.6 Q F0
-(Print the directory stack with one entry per line.)24.74 E F1<ad76>144
-489.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\
-\214xing each entry with its inde)25.3 F 2.773(xi)-.15 G 2.773(nt)-2.773
-G(he)-2.773 E(stack.)180 501.6 Q .258(The return v)144 518.4 R .258
-(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258
+(without options, starting with zero.)180 501.6 Q .258(The return v)144
+518.4 R .258(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .258
(lid option is supplied or).25 F F3(n)2.758 E F0(inde)2.758 E -.15(xe)
-.15 G 2.758(sb).15 G -.15(ey)-2.758 G .258(ond the end of the direc-)
.15 F(tory stack.)144 530.4 Q F1(diso)108 547.2 Q(wn)-.1 E F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255ar)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad68>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3(jobspec)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 559.2 S .295(thout options, each).4 F F3(jobspec)
-4.535 E F0 .295(is remo)3.105 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.795(df).15 G .295
-(rom the table of acti)-2.795 F .595 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.795(obs. If).15
-F F3(jobspec)4.535 E F0 .295(is not present,)3.105 F .423(and neither)
-144 571.2 R F1<ad61>2.923 E F0(nor)2.923 E F1<ad72>2.923 E F0 .423
-(is supplied, the shell')2.923 F 2.923(sn)-.55 G .423(otion of the)
--2.923 F F3(curr)2.922 E .422(ent job)-.37 F F0 .422(is used.)2.922 F
-.422(If the)5.422 F F1<ad68>2.922 E F0 .422(option is)2.922 F(gi)144
+(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 559.2 S .121(thout options, remo).4 F .422 -.15
+(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F3(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122
+(from the table of acti)2.932 F .422 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.622(obs. If).15
+F F3(jobspec)4.362 E F0 .122(is not present, and)2.932 F(neither)144
+571.2 Q F1<ad61>3.837 E F0(nor)3.837 E F1<ad72>3.837 E F0 1.337
+(is supplied, the shell')3.837 F 3.836(sn)-.55 G 1.336(otion of the)
+-3.836 F F3(curr)3.836 E 1.336(ent job)-.37 F F0 1.336(is used.)3.836 F
+1.336(If the)6.336 F F1<ad68>3.836 E F0 1.336(option is)3.836 F(gi)144
583.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .14(n, each).15 F F3(jobspec)4.38 E F0 .14
(is not remo)2.95 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.641(df).15 G .141(rom the table, b)
-2.641 F .141(ut is mark)-.2 F .141(ed so that)-.1 F F2(SIGHUP)2.641 E
3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 614.4 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0
1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a)
-.15 F(non-interacti)144 626.4 Q .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318(hell e).15 F
-.318(xits, unless the shell option)-.15 F F1(execfail)2.817 E F0 .317
-(is enabled, in which case it returns f)2.817 F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505
-(ure. An)144 638.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .005
-(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005
+.15 F(non-interacti)144 626.4 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F
+.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577
+(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577
+F(ail-)-.1 E 2.505(ure. An)144 638.4 R(interacti)2.505 E .305 -.15(ve s)
+-.25 H .005(hell returns f).15 F .005(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)
+-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.505(cuted. If).15 F F2(command)2.705 E F0 .005
(is not speci\214ed,)3.275 F(an)144 650.4 Q 3.037(yr)-.15 G .537
(edirections tak)-3.037 F 3.036(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.036 G .536
(ect in the current shell, and the return status is 0.).25 F .536
2.626 E F0 .127(option is gi)2.627 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, the).15 F F2
(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)5.127 F F2
(names)2.987 E F0 .127(are gi)2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .127(n, or if the)
-.15 F F1<ad70>144 132 Q F0 .66
-(option is supplied, a list of all names that are e)3.16 F .659
-(xported in this shell is printed.)-.15 F(The)5.659 E F1<ad6e>3.159 E F0
-(option)3.159 E 1.586(causes the e)144 144 R 1.586
-(xport property to be remo)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.086(df).15 G 1.586
-(rom each)-4.086 F F2(name)4.086 E F0 6.586(.I)C 4.086(fav)-6.586 G
-1.587(ariable name is follo)-4.336 F 1.587(wed by)-.25 F(=)144 156 Q F2
-(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.804(,t)C .304(he v)-2.804 F .304(alue of the v)-.25
-F .304(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)2.804 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1
-(export)5.304 E F0 .304(returns an e)2.804 F .303
-(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .293
-(option is encountered, one of the)144 168 R F2(names)2.793 E F0 .293
-(is not a v)2.793 F .293(alid shell v)-.25 F .293(ariable name, or)-.25
-F F1<ad66>2.793 E F0 .294(is supplied with a)2.793 F F2(name)144.36 180
-Q F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1(fc)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
-<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
+.15 F F1<ad70>144 132 Q F0 .048
+(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.548 F .048(xported v)
+-.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.547 E F0
+.047(option causes the)2.547 F -.15(ex)144 144 S 1.446
+(port property to be remo).15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.947(df).15 G 1.447
+(rom each)-3.947 F F2(name)3.947 E F0 6.447(.I)C 3.947(fav)-6.447 G
+1.447(ariable name is follo)-4.197 F 1.447(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)
+-.37 E F0 3.947(,t)C(he)-3.947 E -.25(va)144 156 S .742(lue of the v).25
+F .742(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)3.242 E(d)-.37 E F0(.)A F1
+(export)5.742 E F0 .742(returns an e)3.242 F .741
+(xit status of 0 unless an in)-.15 F -.25(va)-.4 G .741(lid option is)
+.25 F .031(encountered, one of the)144 168 R F2(names)2.531 E F0 .031
+(is not a v)2.531 F .032(alid shell v)-.25 F .032(ariable name, or)-.25
+F F1<ad66>2.532 E F0 .032(is supplied with a)2.532 F F2(name)2.892 E F0
+(that)2.712 E(is not a function.)144 180 Q F1(fc)108 196.8 Q F0([)2.5 E
+
F1<ad65>A F2(ename)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(\255lnr)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
<8c72>-2.5 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(last)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(fc \255s)108
208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(pat)A F0(=)A F2 -.37(re)C(p).37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .478(Fix Command.)144 220.8 R .478
-(In the \214rst form, a range of commands from)5.478 F F2<8c72>4.888 E
-(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.658 E F2(last)3.068 E F0 .477
-(is selected from the his-)3.658 F .881(tory list.)144 232.8 R F2 -.45
-(Fi)5.881 G -.1(rs).45 G(t).1 E F0(and)4.061 E F2(last)3.471 E F0 .882
-(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command be)4.062 F
-.882(ginning with)-.15 F .797(that string\) or as a number \(an inde)144
-244.8 R 3.297(xi)-.15 G .797(nto the history list, where a ne)-3.297 F
--.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.097 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .796(umber is used as an)
-.15 F(of)144 256.8 Q .276(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F
-(If)5.276 E F2(last)2.866 E F0 .277
-(is not speci\214ed it is set to the current command)3.456 F .093
-(for listing \(so that)144 268.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .092
-(fc \255l \25510)2.592 F F0 .092(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)
-2.592 F F2<8c72>4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 2.592(otherwise. If)3.272 F F2<8c72>
-4.502 E(st)-.1 E F0 .092(is not)3.272 F
-(speci\214ed it is set to the pre)144 280.8 Q
+(cmd)-2.5 E F0(])A .432
+(The \214rst form selects a range of commands from)144 220.8 R F2<8c72>
+4.842 E(st)-.1 E F0(to)3.612 E F2(last)3.022 E F0 .431
+(from the history list and displays or)3.612 F .141(edits and re-e)144
+232.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .141(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
+.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141
+(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be)
+144 244.8 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)
+-.15 F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .31(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F
+-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .61 -.15(ve n)-.25 H(umber).15 E .314
+(is used as an of)144 256.8 R .314
+(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.314 E F2(last)2.905
+E F0 .315(is not speci\214ed it is set to the cur)3.495 F(-)-.2 E .949
+(rent command for listing \(so that)144 268.8 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .948
+(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)
+3.448 F F2<8c72>5.358 E(st)-.1 E F0(other)4.128 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. If)
+144 280.8 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0
+(is not speci\214ed it is set to the pre)3.18 E
(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 304.8
Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
(If nei-)5.63 F 1.884(ther v)144 352.8 R 1.884(ariable is set, is used.)
-.25 F 1.884
(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)6.884 F
--.15(exe)144 364.8 S(cuted.).15 E .04(In the second form,)144 388.8 R F2
-(command)2.54 E F0 .04(is re-e)2.54 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .039
-(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)2.539 E F0 .039
-(is replaced by)2.539 F F2 -.37(re)2.539 G(p).37 E F0 5.039(.A)C(useful)
--2.5 E .406(alias to use with this is)144 400.8 R F3 .406(r='fc \255s')
-2.906 F F0 2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)-2.906 F F3
-6.406(rc)2.906 G(c)-6.406 E F0 .406(runs the last command be)2.906 F
-.407(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)144 412.8 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F3(r)2.5
-E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes the last command.).15 E .142
-(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 436.8 R .142
-(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
+-.15(exe)144 364.8 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 388.8 R
+F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
+(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788
+(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.288 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.788
+E(mand)144 400.8 Q F0 .346(is intepreted the same as)2.846 F F2<8c72>
+2.847 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.847 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.347(.A).15 G .347
+(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F3 .347(r='fc \255s')2.847 F F0
+2.847(,s)C 2.847(ot)-2.847 G(hat)-2.847 E(typing)144 412.8 Q F3 7.166
+(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166
+(ginning with)-.15 F F3(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F3(r)
+3.665 E F0(re-e)3.665 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165(cutes the last com-).15 F
+(mand.)144 424.8 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144
+448.8 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322
-E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 448.8
+E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 460.8
R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
-(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455
-(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 460.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
-(cuted or f).15 F .787
+(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454
+(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787
+(cuted or f).15 F .788
(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
-.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135
+.788(If the)5.788 F 1.136
(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144
-472.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136
-(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 484.8 Q
+484.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135
+(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 496.8 Q
(alid history line, in which case)-.25 E F1(fc)2.5 E F0(returns f)2.5 E
-(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 501.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)
-144 513.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.654 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.224 F 1.413
+(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)
+144 525.6 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413
(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413
(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0
-1.413(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 525.6 Q 3.116(sn)-.55 G
-.616(otion of the)-3.116 F F2(curr)3.116 E .616(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617
-(is used.)3.116 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .617
-(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 537.6 Q
-.363(ground, or f)-.15 F .363
-(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362
-(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 549.6 Q
-F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.814 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec)
+1.414(is not present, the)4.223 F(shell')144 537.6 Q 3.117(sn)-.55 G
+.617(otion of the)-3.117 F F2(curr)3.117 E .617(ent job)-.37 F F0 .617
+(is used.)3.117 F .617(The return v)5.617 F .616
+(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 549.6 Q
+.362(ground, or f)-.15 F .362
+(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363
+(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 561.6 Q
+F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.815 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec)
4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004
-(as started without job control.)-.1 F F1(getopts)108 566.4 Q F2
+(as started without job control.)-.1 F F1(getopts)108 578.4 Q F2
(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144
-578.4 Q F0 .793
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-(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 96 Q F0
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+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(of)2.5 E(fset)
+-.18 E F0(Delete the history entry at position)180 96 Q F2(of)2.5 E
+(fset)-.18 E F0(.)A F1<ad61>144 108 Q F0 .599(Append the `)25.3 F(`ne)
+-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.099('h)-.74 G .598
+(istory lines \(history lines entered since the be)-3.099 F .598
+(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 120 Q F0
+(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 132 Q F0 .854(Read \
the history lines not already read from the history \214le into the cur\
-rent history list.)24.74 F .772
-(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 120 R
-.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E
-(sion.)180 132 Q F1<ad72>144 144 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \
-\214le and
use them as the current history)25.86 E(.)-.65 E F1<ad77>144
-156 Q F0(Write the current history to the history \214le, o)23.08 E -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ontents.)
--2.5 E F1<ad70>144 168 Q F0 .626
-(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625
-(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180
-180 R .475(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475
-E F2(ar)2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
-(normal history e)180 192 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 204 Q F0 .363
-(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
-(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362
-(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 216 Q -.15(ve)
+rent history list.)24.74 F .773
+(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 144 R
+.772(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.272 E F0(ses-)3.272 E
+(sion.)180 156 Q F1<ad72>144 168 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \
+\214le and
append them to the current history list.)25.86 E F1<ad77>144
+180 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)23.08 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G
+(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 192 Q F0 .625
+(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar)
+3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .626(and display the result on the standard)3.125 F
+2.975(output. Does)180 204 R .475
+(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar)
+2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
+(normal history e)180 216 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 228 Q F0 .362
+(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.192 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
+(in the history list as a single entry)3.132 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .363
+(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 240 Q -.15(ve)
-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
-(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 232.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(are added.)2.77 E .146(If the)144 256.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145
(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
-.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 244.8 R .669
-(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668
-(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 256.8 R .956
-(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956
-(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416
-(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 268.8 R .416
-(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415
+.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 268.8 R .669
+(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669
+(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 280.8 R .956
+(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955
+(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .415
+(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 292.8 R .416
+(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .416
(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\
ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\
-, an in)144 280.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)3 E(fset)-.18 E F0(is)
-3 E(supplied as an ar)144 292.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E F0 2.5
-(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15
-E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108
-309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5
-E F1(jobs \255x)108 321.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)
--.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 333.6 Q .3
--.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 345.6 Q F0
+, an in)144 304.8 R -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)2.999 E(fset)-.18 E F0
+(is)2.999 E(supplied as an ar)144 316.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad64>2.5 E
+F0 2.5(,o)C 2.5(rt)-2.5 G(he history e)-2.5 E
+(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1
+(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 333.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5
+(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 345.6 Q F2(command)
+2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E
+(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 357.6 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5
+(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 369.6 Q F0
(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1
-<ad6e>144 357.6 Q F0 .194(Display information only about jobs that ha)
-24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .193(hanged status since the user w).15 F
-.19
3(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 369.6 Q F1<ad70>144
-381.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G
-(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 393.6 Q F0
-(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 405.6 Q F0
-(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 422.4 Q F2(jobspec)
-4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .313
-(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.314(.T)
--.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144 434.4 Q -.25
+<ad6e>144 381.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha)
+24.74 F .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F
+.19
4(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 393.6 Q F1<ad70>144
+405.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G
+(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 417.6 Q F0
+(Display only running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 429.6 Q F0
+(Display only stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 446.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554 E F0
+.314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
+(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T)
+-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 458.4 Q -.25
(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
-E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144 451.2 R F1
-<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
+E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 475.2 R F1
+<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)
-3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .394
-(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 463.2 Q
+3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395
+(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 487.2 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)
2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E
-F1(kill)108
480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
+F1(kill)108
504 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5
(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1
-(kill \255l)108 492 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G
-(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119(Send the signal named by)144 504 R F2
-(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119
-(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87 E F0(or)3.39 E F2
-(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93 E .319
-(either a case-insensiti)144 516 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319
-(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318
-(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
-(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 528 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0
-1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
+(kill \255l)108 516 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G
+(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12(Send the signal named by)144 528 R F2
+(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(signum)2.96 E F0 .119
+(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E F0(or)3.389 E F2
+(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)2.929 E .318
+(either a case-insensiti)144 540 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .318
+(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319
+(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319
+(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 552 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0
+1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0
-1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 540 Q .523(gument of)-.18 F
+1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 564 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F
F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523
F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F
F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names)
-.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 552 R .28
+.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 576 R .28
(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2
--.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 564 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F F1
-<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378
-(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .593(nated by a signal.)144 576 R
+-.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 588 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1
+<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378
+(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378
+(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .594(nated by a signal.)144 600 R
F1(kill)5.593 E F0 .593(returns true if at least one signal w)3.093 F
-.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .594(alse if an error)-.1 F
-(occurs or an in)144 588 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25
-E F1(let)108 604.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Each)144 616.8 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197
-(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
-.196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855
-(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F
-(the last)144 628.8 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G
+.593(as successfully sent, or f)-.1 F .593(alse if an error)-.1 F
+(occurs or an in)144 612 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25
+E F1(let)108 628.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Each)144 640.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196
+(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
+.197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855
+(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F
+(the last)144 652.8 Q F2(ar)2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G
(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)
-2.5 E F1(local)108 645.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)
--2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 657.6 S
+2.5 E F1(local)108 669.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)
+-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 681.6 S
2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F .06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06
(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 .06(is created, and assigned)
2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0
-.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 669.6 Q 3.153(yo)-.15 G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653
-(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
-C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652
+.06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 693.6 Q 3.152(yo)-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652
+(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)
+C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
-681.6 Q F2(name)3.72 E F0 .86(to ha)3.54 F 1.16 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .861
-(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)5.861 G .861(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 693.6 Q F0 1.165
-(writes a list of local v)3.665 F 1.165
+705.6 Q F2(name)3.721 E F0 .861(to ha)3.541 F 1.161 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
+.861(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F
+-.4(Wi)5.86 G .86(th no operands,).4 F F1(local)144 717.6 Q F0 1.164
+(writes a list of local v)3.664 F 1.165
(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use)
-6.165 F F1(local)3.664 E F0 1.164(when not)3.664 F .232
-(within a function.)144 705.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.232
+6.165 F F1(local)3.665 E F0 1.165(when not)3.665 F .233
+(within a function.)144 729.6 R .233(The return status is 0 unless)5.233
F F1(local)2.733 E F0 .233(is used outside a function, an in)2.733 F
--.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)3.093 E F0(is)2.913 E(supplied, or)144
-717.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E
-(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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%%Page: 11 11
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-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(logout)108 84 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)9.33 E F1
-(map\214le)108 100.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)
--.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)
--2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 112.8 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E
-F1<ad6e>A F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0
-2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)
-2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .351
-(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 124.8 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.85 E
-(ay)-.15 E F0 2.85(,o).32 G 2.85(rf)-2.85 G .35(rom \214le descriptor)
--2.85 F F2(fd)2.85 E F0 1.248(if the)144 136.8 R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0
-1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3
-9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E
-F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)-6.249
-F(ha)144 148.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E
-F1<ad6e>144 160.8 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E
-F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)2.5 E F0
-(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 172.8 Q F0(Be)22.52 E
-(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82 E(x)
--.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)
--.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 184.8 Q F0
-(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F2(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F1
-<ad74>144 196.8 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E
-(wline from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 208.8 Q F0
-(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F1<ad43>144 220.8 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E
-(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum)
-2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0
-(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 232.8
-Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F2
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--.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F 1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315
-(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G 1.315(irectories and)-3.815 F
-.871(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 230.4 R 5.871
-(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172
--.15(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144
-242.4 Q F2<ad6e>144 254.4 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of dir\
-ectory when adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F
-(only the stack is manipulated.)180 266.4 Q F2(+)144 278.4 Q F1(n)A F0
-1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.767 E F0 1.268
-(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by)
--.25 F F2(dirs)180 290.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
-(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F2<ad>144 302.4 Q F1(n)A F0
-.92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F1(n)3.42 E F0 .92
+.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,)
+-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 213.6 Q(The return v)5 E
+(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd)
+108 230.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
+<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108 242.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0
+2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the di\
+rectory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 254.4 R 3.139(wt)
+-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 266.4 R
+1.315(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F
+1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G
+1.316(irectories and)-3.816 F .872
+(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 278.4 R 5.871(.A)
+-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15
+(ve t)-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 290.4 Q
+F1<ad6e>144 302.4 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of directory w\
+hen adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F
+(only the stack is manipulated.)180 314.4 Q F1(+)144 326.4 Q F2(n)A F0
+1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.768 E F0 1.267
+(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by)
+-.25 F F1(dirs)180 338.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
+(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 350.4 Q F2(n)A F0
+.92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
-F F2(dirs)180 314.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
--2.5 E F1(dir)144.35 326.4 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F1(dir)2.85 E F0
-(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25
-G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 343.2
-R F2(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F2(dirs)
-2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489
-(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F2(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04
-(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 355.2 R F1(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G
-3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F2(pushd)3.539 E F0
-1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144
-367.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\
-ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F
-(speci\214ed ne)144 379.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E
-(ails.)-.1 E F2(pwd)108 396 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 408 R .845
+F F1(dirs)180 362.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
+-2.5 E F2(dir)144.35 374.4 Q F0(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)3.138 E F0 .288
+(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc)
+-.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F
+(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 386.4 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1
+(cd)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .488(If the)144 403.2 R F1(pushd)
+2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488
+(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F
+F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 415.2 R F2(dir)
+3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4
+F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0 1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846
+(stack is empty)144 427.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\
+ directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)
+-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 439.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5
+E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
+(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 468 R .845
(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
-420 R F2<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F2 .181
-(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F2(set)
+480 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181
+(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1(set)
2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264(enabled. If)
-144 4
32 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
+144 4
92 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
- reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 444 R -.25(va)
--.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 456 Q F2 -.18(re)108 472.8 S(ad)
-.18 E F0([)3.817 E F2(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad61>-3.817 E F1(aname)
-3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad64>-3.817 E F1(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F2
-<ad69>-3.817 E F1(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F2<ad6e>-3.817 E F1
-(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad4e>-3.816 E F1(nc)
-3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad70>-3.816 E F1(pr)3.816 E
-(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F2<ad74>-3.816 E F1(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816
-(][)C F2<ad75>-3.816 E F1(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 484.8 Q F1(name)A F0
+ reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 504 R -.25(va)
+-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 516 Q F1 -.18(re)108 532.8 S(ad)
+.18 E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E F2(aname)
+3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad64>-3.817 E F2(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1
+<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad6e>-3.817 E F2
+(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E F2(nc)
+3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad70>-3.816 E F2(pr)3.816 E
+(ompt)-.45 E F0 3.816(][)C F1<ad74>-3.816 E F2(timeout)3.816 E F0 3.816
+(][)C F1<ad75>-3.816 E F2(fd)3.816 E F0(])A([)108 544.8 Q F2(name)A F0
(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \
-\214le descriptor)144 496.8 R F1(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)
-3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 5
08.8 Q F2<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038
+\214le descriptor)144 556.8 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)
+3.016 F .516(gument to)-.18 F(the)144 5
68.8 Q F1<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038
(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst)
--.1 F F1(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G .039(he second w)-2.539 F .039
-(ord to the second)-.1 F F1(name)2.539 E F0(,).18 E .42
-(and so on, with lefto)144 520.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42
+-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G .039(he second w)-2.539 F .039
+(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0(,).18 E .42
+(and so on, with lefto)144 580.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42
(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42
-(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I)
-.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 532.8 R .54(wer w)-.25
+(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I)
+.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 592.8 R .54(wer w)-.25
F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \
-are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 544.8 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011
+are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 604.8 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011
(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011
(are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011
-(backslash character \()2.511 F F2(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89
-(be used to remo)144 556.8 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
+(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89
+(be used to remo)144 616.8 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891
(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
-(Options, if supplied, ha)144 568.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad61>144 580.8 Q F1(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
-180 592.8 R 1.049
+(Options, if supplied, ha)144 628.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 640.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
+180 652.8 R 1.049
(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
--.25 E F1(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
-F1(aname)180.33 604.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
--.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0
-(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F2<ad64>144 616.8 Q F1(delim)2.5 E
-F0(The \214rst character of)180 628.8 Q F1(delim)2.5 E F0
+-.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
+F2(aname)180.33 664.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
+-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
+(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 676.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
+F0(The \214rst character of)180 688.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E
-F2<ad65>144 640.8 Q F0 .372
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F2 -.18(re)
+F1<ad65>144 700.8 Q F0 .372
+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re)
2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E
-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218
-(to obtain the line.)180 652.8 R .218
+(to obtain the line.)180 712.8 R .218
(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E
-(acti)180 664.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E
-F2<ad69>144 676.8 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F2 -.18(re)2.715
-G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F1(te)
-2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E
-.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 688.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144
-700.8 Q F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F2 -.18(re)180 712.8 S(ad).18 E
-F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F1(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E
-F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394
-(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 724.8 Q
-(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F1(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E
-(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E
+(acti)180 724.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E
(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(12)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 13 13
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad4e>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15
-E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 96 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)
-3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269
-(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 108 R F1 -.18(re)2.775
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad69>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E
+F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
+(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
+-.25 F(ing be)180 96 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 108 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)
+-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 120 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395
+(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
+(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of)
+-.1 F(input, b)180 132 Q(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25
+E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0
+(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad4e>144 144
+Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 156 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269
+(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E
+(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
+(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 168 R F1 -.18(re)2.775
G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-)
5.274 F 1.002
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 120 R
+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 180 R
F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503
-E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 132 Q F1<ad70>144 144 Q
-F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 156 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E
+E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 192 Q F1<ad70>144 204 Q
+F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 216 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E
F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161
(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)
--.25 F(an)180 168 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
+-.25 F(an)180 228 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 180 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+<ad72>144 240 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F(the line.)180 192 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
+-5.543 F(the line.)180 252 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 204 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 264 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 216 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 228 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G
+<ad74>144 276 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 288 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G
(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048
(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
-180 240 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
+180 300 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing)
--.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 252 R .576(This option is only ef)
+-.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 312 R .576(This option is only ef)
5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G
(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141
-(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 264 R .142
+(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 324 R .142
(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E
-F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 276 S(ad).18 E
-F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.614 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113
-(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .113
-(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 288 Q
-(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15
-E F1<ad75>144 300 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)
-14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 316.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0
-.191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable)
--.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
-(.)A F0 .192(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 328.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad)
+F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad).18 E
+F0 .61(returns immediately)3.11 F 3.11(,w)-.65 G .61
+(ithout trying to read an)-3.11 F 3.11(yd)-.15 G 3.11(ata. The)-3.11 F
+-.15(ex)3.11 G .61(it statis is 0 if input is).15 F -.2(av)180 348 S
+1.223(ailable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)-.05 F 3.723(,n)-.4 G
+1.223(on-zero otherwise.)-3.723 F 1.224(The e)6.223 F 1.224
+(xit status is greater)-.15 F(than 128 if the timeout is e)180 360 Q
+(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 372 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192
+(If no)144 388.8 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192
+(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable)-.25 E
+/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
+F0 .191(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 400.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad)
.18 E F0 1.343
-(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F
-(128\), or an in)144 340.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F
+(128\), or an in)144 412.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1
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456 Q F0(Same as)224 468 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184
480 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)
+A F1(emacs)184 504 Q F0 .089
(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This)
-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95
-(when the shell is interacti)224 432 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95
+(when the shell is interacti)224 516 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95
(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E
-F0 2.5(option. This)224 444 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf)
+F0 2.5(option. This)224 528 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf)
-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)
-184
456 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(errtrace)184
468 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)
-184 480 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 504 Q
-F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 516 Q F0
-(Same as)224 528 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 540 Q F0 .586
+184
540 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(errtrace)184
552 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)
+184 564 Q F0(Same as)224 576 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 588 Q
+F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 600 Q F0
+(Same as)224 612 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 624 Q F0 .586
(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587
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-(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 600 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)
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-F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 672 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(nolog)184 684 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184 696 Q F0
-(Same as)15 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 708 Q F0(Same as)6.66
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-(pipefail)184 108 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(noclob)184 84 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 96 Q F1<ad43>
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(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03
-(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 120 R
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1.136
(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
--.15 F -.15(ex)224 132 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
-(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 144 Q F0
+-.15 F -.15(ex)224 216 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
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2.09(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
-(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 156 Q
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 168 Q(vileged)
--.1 E F0(Same as)224 180 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 192 S
-(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 204 Q F0
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+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 252 Q(vileged)
+-.1 E F0(Same as)224 264 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 276 S
+(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 288 Q F0
1.466(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.965
(ace. This)-.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F
-(interf)224 216 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0
-(.)A F1(xtrace)184
228 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184
-
246 Q F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2
+(interf)224 300 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0
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312 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184
+
330 Q F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2
(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553
(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184
-258 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0
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3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071
(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F
-(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
270 Q F1<ad70>
-144 282 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1
+(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
354 Q F1<ad70>
+144 366 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1
(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
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-(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 294 R 1.5
+(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 378 R 1.5
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.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F
-(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 318 R .38
+(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 402 R .38
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u)
-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461
-(user \(group\) id, and the)184
330 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
+(user \(group\) id, and the)184
414 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462
-(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 342 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
+(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 426 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 354 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
+E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 438 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886
F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 366 Q F1<ad74>144 378 Q F0
+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 450 Q F1<ad74>144 462 Q F0
(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15
-E F1<ad75>144 390 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\
+E F1<ad75>144 474 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\
bles and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" as an)
--.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 402 R 2.682
+-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 486 R 2.682
(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183
(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746
-(able or parameter)184 414 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
+(able or parameter)184 498 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184
-426 Q F1<ad76>144 438 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya)
--.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 450 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315
+510 Q F1<ad76>144 522 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya)
+-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 534 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315
(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)
2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E
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+F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 546 R F1
-.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236
(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)
-3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 474 Q
+3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 558 Q
(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
-<ad42>144 486 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
+<ad42>144 570 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 498 Q
-(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 510 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 582 Q
+(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 594 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E
F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F
-3.053(tors. This)184 522 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+3.053(tors. This)184 606 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 534 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 546 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
+.15 F(tor)184 618 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 630 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
-F .838(mands e)184 558 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F .838(mands e)184 642 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 570 Q F1
-<ad48>144 582 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 654 Q F1
+<ad48>144 666 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 594 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 606 Q F0 1.164
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 678 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 690 Q F0 1.164
(If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164
(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165
(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822
-(that change the current w)184 618 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
+(that change the current w)184 702 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
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+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 714 R(def)2.685
E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184 642 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-654 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
-(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
-(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 666 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
-(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 678 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 690 Q
-F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
-(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
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-(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
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-(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
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+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 120 Q
+F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
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+F0(.)A F1<ad>144 144 Q F0 1.944
+(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g)
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+(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
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(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
-(to be turned of)144 112.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
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(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
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-(wa)-.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option)
-.25 F(is encountered.)144 136.8 Q F1(shift)108 153.6 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144
-165.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)
-2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F
-(bers)144 177.6 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)
-2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082
-(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H
-.083(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)
--5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 189.6
-R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06
-(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06
-(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143
-(positional parameters are not changed.)144 201.6 R .144
-(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144
-(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 213.6 Q F1(shopt)108 230.4 Q F0([)
+(current set of options may be found in)144 208.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
+(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
+(is encountered.)144 220.8 Q F1(shift)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
+.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.582
+E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
+(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
+.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 273.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
+(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R
+.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
+.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 297.6 Q F1(shopt)108 314.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 242.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
(alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1
<ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\
-ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 254.4 R(The)
-144
266.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
+ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 338.4 R(The)
+144
350.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options)
-5.327 F(ha)144 278.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 290.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
-E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 302.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
-(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 314.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
+5.327 F(ha)144 362.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 374.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
+E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 386.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
+(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 398.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2
-(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 326.4 R .256
+(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 410.4 R .256
(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256
(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F
-(all)180 338.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
-2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 350.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
+(all)180 422.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
+2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 434.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0
-(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127
-(If either)144 367.2 R F1<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1<ad75>2.627 E F0
-.127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127
-(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024
-(are set or unset, respecti)144 379.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024
-(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0
-1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 391.2 Q(ault.)
--.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-408 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
-4.045 F .696
+(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624
+(If either)144 451.2 R F1<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0
+.624(is used with no)3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)
+-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624
+(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234(set or unset, respecti)144
+463.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)-.65 G 2.234
+(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234
+(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 475.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E
+1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 492 R F2
+(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 420 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
--.25 F(option.)144 432 Q(The list of)144 448.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 466.8 Q F0 .199
+144 504 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
+-.25 F(option.)144 516 Q(The list of)144 532.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
+(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 550.8 Q F0 .199
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 478.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(ment to the)184 562.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 490.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 502.8 R .156
+F1(cdable_v)144 574.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 586.8 R .156
(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 514.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 526.8 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 598.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 610.8 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
-(corrected. The)184 538.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
+(corrected. The)184 622.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .552(one character too man)184 550.8 R 4.352 -.65
-(y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552
-(orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 562.8 Q
+-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 634.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
+-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
+(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
+(the command proceeds.)184 646.8 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F1(checkhash)144 574.8 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 586.8 R F1(bash)4.58
+.15 E F1(checkhash)144 658.8 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 670.8 R F1(bash)4.58
E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079
-(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 598.8 S(cute it.).15 E
+(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 682.8 S(cute it.).15 E
(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 610.8
-Q F0 .448(If set,)184 622.8 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 694.8
+Q F0 .448(If set,)184 706.8 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449
(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 634.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 718.8 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938
(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203
-(attempted without an interv)184 646.8 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15
+(attempted without an interv)184 730.8 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15
F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 658.8 Q -.1(wa)
--.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
-(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 670.8 Q F0 .797(If set,)184
-682.8 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G
-.796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G
-.796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 694.8 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5
-E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)
-144 706.8 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
-(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
-(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-718.8 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
-(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 17 17
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(compat31)144 84 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)2.92
-E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419
-(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the)184
-108 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional command')2.5 E(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.5 E F0
-(operator)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(compat32)144 120 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 132
-R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409
-(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(al)184 84 Q
+-.1(wa)-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
+(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkwinsize)144 96 Q F0
+.797(If set,)184 108 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F
+3.297(ws)-.25 G .796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F
+3.296(,u)-.65 G .796(pdates the)-3.296 F -.25(va)184 120 S(lues of).25 E
+/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 132 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1
+(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H
+1.202(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F
+(entry)184 144 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
+(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 156 Q
+F0 .42(If set,)184 168 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92 F
+.419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)
+-.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the)184 180 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0
+(conditional command')2.5 E(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.5 E F0(operator)2.5 E(.)
+-.55 E F1(compat32)144 192 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 204 R F1(bash)3.909 E
+F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41
(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.266
-(string comparison when using the)184 144 R F1([[)3.766 E F0 1.266
+(string comparison when using the)184 216 R F1([[)3.766 E F0 1.266
(conditional command')3.766 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.766 E F0(and)3.766 E F1(>)
-3.766 E F0 3.765(operators. Bash)3.765 F -.15(ve)184 156 S .512
-(rsions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and).15 F/F2 10
+3.766 E F0 3.765(operators. Bash)3.765 F -.15(ve)184 228 S .512
+(rsions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and).15 F/F4 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.012 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .513
-(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the).19 F(current locale')184 168 Q 2.5
-(sc)-.55 G(ollation sequence and)-2.5 E F2(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0
-(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat40)144 180 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 192 R F1(bash)
+(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the).19 F(current locale')184 240 Q 2.5
+(sc)-.55 G(ollation sequence and)-2.5 E F4(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0
+(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat40)144 252 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 264 R F1(bash)
3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F
1.409(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422
-(string comparison when using the)184 204 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422
+(string comparison when using the)184 276 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422
(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>)
2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F(vious item\) and the ef)184
-216 Q(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(compat41)144 228 Q
-F0 1.444(If set,)184 240 R F1(bash)3.944 E F0 3.944(,w)C 1.443
+288 Q(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(compat41)144 300 Q
+F0 1.444(If set,)184 312 R F1(bash)3.944 E F0 3.944(,w)C 1.443
(hen in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)
--3.944 F -.15(ex)184 252 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F
+-3.944 F -.15(ex)184 324 S .958(pansion as a special character).15 F
5.958(.T)-.55 G .959(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.958 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.459(nn).15 G .959(umber\) and)-3.459 F .59
-(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 264
+(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 336
R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .589
-(posix mode through v)184 276 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def)
+(posix mode through v)184 348 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def)
5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .59
-(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 288 Q F1(dir)144 300 Q
-(expand)-.18 E F0 .487(If set,)184 312 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486
+(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 360 Q F1
+(complete_fullquote)144 372 Q F0 .654(If set,)184 384 R F1(bash)3.153 E
+F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory na\
+mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.524(forming completion.)184 396 R 1.524
+(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
+4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F
+2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\
+enames when these)184 408 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184
+420 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1
+F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073(that dollar signs in v)184 432 R 1.073
+(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073
+(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25
+(ev e)184 444 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
+(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F
+6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59
+(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184
+456 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 468 Q
+(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E
+(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 480 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .486
+(If set,)184 492 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486
(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F
-.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184
-324 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F
-(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184
-336 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G
-(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 348 Q F0 .859(If set,)7.77 F
-F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858
-(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858
+.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184
+504 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F
+(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,)
+184 516 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G
+(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 528 Q F0 .858(If set,)7.77 F
+F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858
+(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859
(ord completion if)-.1 F
-(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 360 Q(xist.)-.15 E
-F1(dotglob)144 372 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165
+(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 540 Q(xist.)-.15 E
+F1(dotglob)144 552 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165
(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i)
-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F
-(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 384 Q F0 1.387
-(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386
+(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 564 Q F0 1.386
+(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386
(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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1.229(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for\
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-/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(])A F4(sigspec)2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E
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-(ignal\(s\))-3.203 E F4(sigspec)3.203 E F0 5.703(.I).31 G(f)-5.703 E F4
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-144.34 375.6 Q F0 .581
-(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G 3.08(s. If).1 F F4(ar)3.41 E(g)-.37 E F0 .58
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411.6 R F3<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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-(names are case insensiti)144 435.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
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--.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)-.15 F
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-(command,)3.667 E F4(case)3.667 E F0(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 477.6 Q F4
-(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146
-(ry arithmetic).15 F F4(for)2.646 E F0 .147
-(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147
-(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 489.6 R F1 .146
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
-F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F3(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0
-.145(option to)2.645 F(the)144 501.6 Q F3(shopt)3.2 E F0 -.2(bu)3.2 G .7
-(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F3(DEB)3.2 E(UG)
--.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E F1
-(RETURN)3.2 E F2(,)A F0 .701(the com-)2.951 F(mand)144 513.6 Q F4(ar)
-3.474 E(g)-.37 E F0 .644(is e)3.364 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643
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590.4 R F2<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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+(UG)-.09 E F4(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F1(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0
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+(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147
+(ry arithmetic).15 F F1(for)2.647 E F0 .146
+(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
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+G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F2(DEB)3.2 E
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(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.643(cuted with the).15 F F3(.)3.143 E F0(or)3.143 E F3(sour)3.143 E(ce)
--.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.143 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 525.6 Q -.15(xe)
--.15 G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 543.6 R F4(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is)
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(g)-.37 E F0 .929(is e)3.649 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .929(cuted whene).15 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero)
--3.429 F -.15(ex)144 555.6 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F
-1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F1(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009
-(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008
-(ailed com-)-.1 F .324
-(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 567.6 R .324
-(wing a)-.25 F F3(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F3(until)2.824 E F0 -.1
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-579.6 R F4(if)2.661 E F0 .151(statement, part of a command e)4.611 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted in a).15 F F3(&&)2.651 E F0(or)2.651 E F3(||)
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-(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 144 S(iltin.).2 E F3(type)5 E F0
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-(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 172.8 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
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+(ailed com-)-.1 F .324
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+(statement, part of a command e)4.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted in a)
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+144 310.8 R F2<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F2<ad66>3.723 E F0
+1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the)
+144 322.8 R F2(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)
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+(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326
+(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 334.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 351.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
+(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F3(limit)A F0(]])A
+(Pro)144 363.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15
+G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.943(that allo)144 184.8 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
-(The)5.943 E F
3<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F3<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
+.943(that allo)144 375.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
+(The)5.943 E F
2<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 196.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
+144 387.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 208.8 R .425
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F
3<ad48>2.926 E
-F0(nor)2.926 E F
3<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
+ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 399.6 R .425
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F
2<ad48>2.926 E
+F0(nor)2.926 E F
2<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-220.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+411.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F3(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.741(of the special v)144 232.8 R(alues)-.25 E F3(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F3
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F3(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.741(of the special v)144 423.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F2
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 435.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F3(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144
256.8 R F3<ad48>2.999 E F0
+F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144
447.6 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0
.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 268.8 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F3
-<ad61>144
280.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F3<ad62>144
-292.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
-F3<ad63>144 304.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
-F3<ad64>144 316.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
--.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F3<ad65>144 328.8 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F3<ad66>144 340.8 Q
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 459.6 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
+<ad61>144
471.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2<ad62>144
+483.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
+F2<ad63>144 495.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
+F2<ad64>144 507.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
+-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 519.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 531.6 Q
F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
-26.97 E F3<ad69>144 352.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
-27.52 E F3<ad6c>144 364.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F3<ad6d>144 376.8 Q F0
+26.97 E F2<ad69>144 543.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
+27.52 E F2<ad6c>144 555.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 567.6 Q F0
(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F3<ad6e>144 388.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 579.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
-400.8 Q F3<ad70>144 412.8 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F3
-<ad71>144 424.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F
3<ad72>144
-
436.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F3<ad73>144
-448.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F3<ad74>144 460.8 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F3<ad75>144 472.8 Q
+591.6 Q F2<ad70>144 603.6 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2
+<ad71>144 615.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F
2<ad72>144
+
627.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F2<ad73>144
+639.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2<ad74>144 651.6 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2<ad75>144 663.6 Q
F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F3<ad76>144 484.8 Q F0 .47
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 675.6 Q F0 .47
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47
(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
-496.8 Q F3<ad78>144 508.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E
-F3<ad54>144 520.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144
-537.6 Q F1(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343
-(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F3<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
-(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi)
-144 549.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F3<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175
-(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F3
-<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 561.6
-Q F3<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F3<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
-A F3<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F3<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F3
-<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E
-3.787(ues. The)144 573.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
+687.6 Q F2<ad78>144 699.6 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E
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+728.4 Q F3(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468
+(n, and the).15 F F2<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F3
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+(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72
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+(no option is gi)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045
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+F1<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .403(in seconds;)144
+96 R F1<ad70>2.903 E F0 2.903(,w)C .402
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks; and)-2.903 F F1<ad54>2.902 E F0(,)
+A F1<ad62>2.902 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.902 E F0 2.902(,a)C(nd)-2.902 E F1
+<ad75>2.902 E F0 2.902(,w)C .402(hich are unscaled)-2.902 F -.25(va)144
+108 S 3.082(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083 F
+-.25(va)-.4 G .583(lid option or ar).25 F .583
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-585.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F3(umask)108 602.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F3
-<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 614.4 R F1(mode)2.7 E F0
-5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F1(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
+120 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 148.8
+R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 626.4 R F1 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-638.4 Q F1(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
-(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F
3<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
+pted by)144 160.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+172.8 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
+(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F
1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 650.4 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 184.8 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
-(he)-3.047 E F3<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F1
-(mode)144.38 662.4 Q F0 .552
+(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
+(mode)144.38 196.8 Q F0 .552
(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
-F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 674.4 Q
-(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
-(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F3
-(unalias)108 691.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F3(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 703.2 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F1(name)
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 208.8 Q
+(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
+(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
+(unalias)108 225.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 237.6 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
-F3<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 715.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
-(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
-148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(unset)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 96 S 3.828(re)
-.15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E 1.628
--.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327
+F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
+F(remo)144 249.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 266.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 278.4 S 3.828
+(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E
+1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327
(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.827 E F0
1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)
-144.36 108 Q F0 1.55(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551
+144.36 290.4 Q F0 1.55(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551
(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F
-4.642(unset. If)144 120 R F1<ad66>4.642 E F0 2.142(is speci\214ed, each)
-4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141
+4.642(unset. If)144 302.4 R F1<ad66>4.642 E F0 2.142
+(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141
(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 F
-(remo)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.898(d. If).15 F .398
+(remo)144 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.898(d. If).15 F .398
(no options are supplied, each)2.898 F F2(name)2.898 E F0 .398
(refers to a v)2.898 F .399(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .399
-(ariable by that)-.25 F .579(name, an)144 144 R 3.079(yf)-.15 G .579
+(ariable by that)-.25 F .579(name, an)144 326.4 R 3.079(yf)-.15 G .579
(unction with that name is unset.)-3.079 F .579(Each unset v)5.579 F
.579(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.078(df).15 G
-.578(rom the)-3.078 F(en)144 156 Q .045
+.578(rom the)-3.078 F(en)144 338.4 Q .045
(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F .046(If an)5.046 F 2.546
(yo)-.15 G(f)-2.546 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)2.546 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09
E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.296 E F4(,)A F3(SEC-)2.296 E
-(ONDS)144 168 Q F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.641 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.641 E F4(,)
-A F3(FUNCN)2.641 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.64 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0
-(or)2.64 E F3(DIRST)2.89 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .39
+(ONDS)144 350.4 Q F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.641 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.641 E F4
+(,)A F3(FUNCN)2.641 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.64 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A
+F0(or)2.64 E F3(DIRST)2.89 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .39
(are unset, the)2.64 F 2.89(yl)-.15 G .39(ose their spe-)-2.89 F .726
-(cial properties, e)144 180 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.226(ni).15 G 3.226(ft)
+(cial properties, e)144 362.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.226(ni).15 G 3.226(ft)
-3.226 G(he)-3.226 E 3.226(ya)-.15 G .726(re subsequently reset.)-3.226
F .726(The e)5.726 F .727(xit status is true unless a)-.15 F F2(name)
-3.587 E F0 .727(is read-)3.407 F(only)144 192 Q(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108
-208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 220.8 S .288
+3.587 E F0 .727(is read-)3.407 F(only)144 374.4 Q(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108
+391.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 403.2 S .288
(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
-(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 415.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
.722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722
(ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E
-F2(n)3.583 E F0(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 244.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
+F2(n)3.583 E F0(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265
(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456
-(speci\214es a non-e)144 256.8 R .457
+(speci\214es a non-e)144 439.2 R .457
(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457
-(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 268.8 S
+(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 451.2 S
(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
-/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 285.6 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
-297.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(22)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 468 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
+480 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(22)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
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%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2
G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(ENV)2.25 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.25 E F3 -.27(BA)2.5 G
(SH_ENV).27 E F0 32.5<8373>108 199.2 S
(pecifying command names containing)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0 32.5<8373>108
-216 S(pecifying a \214le name containing a)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0
+216 S(pecifying a \214lename containing a)-32.5 E F2(/)2.5 E F0
(as an ar)2.5 E(gument to the)-.18 E F2(.)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)5 G
(iltin command).2 E 32.5<8373>108 232.8 S .45
(pecifying a \214lename containing a slash as an ar)-32.5 F .449
REDIRECT *my_undo_list, *exec_undo_list;
volatile int last_pid;
volatile int save_line_number;
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ volatile int ofifo, nfifo, osize, saved_fifo;
+ volatile char *ofifo_list;
+#endif
#if 0
if (command == 0 || breaking || continuing || read_but_dont_execute)
if (shell_control_structure (command->type) && command->redirects)
stdin_redir = stdin_redirects (command->redirects);
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ if (variable_context != 0)
+ {
+ ofifo = num_fifos ();
+ ofifo_list = copy_fifo_list (&osize);
+ saved_fifo = 1;
+ }
+ else
+ saved_fifo = 0;
+#endif
+
/* Handle WHILE FOR CASE etc. with redirections. (Also '&' input
redirection.) */
if (do_redirections (command->redirects, RX_ACTIVE|RX_UNDOABLE) != 0)
cleanup_redirects (redirection_undo_list);
redirection_undo_list = (REDIRECT *)NULL;
dispose_exec_redirects ();
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ free (ofifo_list);
+#endif
return (last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE);
}
if (my_undo_list || exec_undo_list)
discard_unwind_frame ("loop_redirections");
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ if (saved_fifo)
+ {
+ nfifo = num_fifos ();
+ if (nfifo > ofifo)
+ close_new_fifos (ofifo_list, osize);
+ free (ofifo_list);
+ }
+#endif
+
/* Invert the return value if we have to */
if (invert)
exec_result = (exec_result == EXECUTION_SUCCESS)
if (running_trap == 0)
#endif
currently_executing_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+
return (last_command_exit_value);
}
if (funcnest_max > 0 && funcnest >= funcnest_max)
{
- internal_error ("%s: maximum function nesting level exceeded (%d)", var->name, funcnest);
+ internal_error (_("%s: maximum function nesting level exceeded (%d)"), var->name, funcnest);
funcnest = 0; /* XXX - should we reset it somewhere else? */
jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
}
#endif
if (check_binary_file (sample, sample_len))
{
- internal_error (_("%s: cannot execute binary file"), command);
+ internal_error (_("%s: cannot execute binary file: %s"), command, strerror (i));
return (EX_BINARY_FILE);
}
}
close_pipes (pipe_in, pipe_out);
#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION) && defined (HAVE_DEV_FD)
- unlink_fifo_list ();
+ if (variable_context == 0) /* wait until shell function completes */
+ unlink_fifo_list ();
#endif
/* If we are part of a pipeline, and not the end of the pipeline,
then we should simply return and let the last command in the
{
if (b == 0)
{
+ /* Posix (post-2008) says that `command' doesn't change whether
+ or not the builtin it shadows is a `declaration command', even
+ though it removes other special builtin properties. In Posix
+ mode, we skip over one or more instances of `command' and
+ deal with the next word as the assignment builtin. */
while (posixly_correct && wcmd && wcmd->word && wcmd->word->word && STREQ (wcmd->word->word, "command"))
wcmd = wcmd->next;
b = builtin_address_internal (wcmd->word->word, 0);
{
if (b == 0)
{
+ while (posixly_correct && wcmd && wcmd->word && wcmd->word->word && STREQ (wcmd->word->word, "command"))
+ wcmd = wcmd->next;
b = builtin_address_internal (wcmd->word->word, 0);
if (b == 0 || (b->flags & ASSIGNMENT_BUILTIN) == 0)
return;
if (funcnest_max > 0 && funcnest >= funcnest_max)
{
- internal_error ("%s: maximum function nesting level exceeded (%d)", var->name, funcnest);
+ internal_error (_("%s: maximum function nesting level exceeded (%d)"), var->name, funcnest);
funcnest = 0; /* XXX - should we reset it somewhere else? */
jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
}
#endif
if (check_binary_file (sample, sample_len))
{
- internal_error (_("%s: cannot execute binary file"), command);
+ internal_error (_("%s: cannot execute binary file: %s"), command, strerror (i));
return (EX_BINARY_FILE);
}
}
return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
}
+ /* Posix interpretation 383 */
+ if (posixly_correct && find_special_builtin (name->word))
+ {
+ internal_error (_("`%s': is a special builtin"), name->word);
+ last_command_exit_value = EX_BADUSAGE;
+ jump_to_top_level (ERREXIT);
+ }
+
var = find_function (name->word);
if (var && (readonly_p (var) || noassign_p (var)))
{
rl_icppfunc_t *rl_directory_rewrite_hook = (rl_icppfunc_t *)NULL;
+rl_icppfunc_t *rl_filename_stat_hook = (rl_icppfunc_t *)NULL;
+
/* If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call when reading
directory entries from the filesystem for completion and comparing
them to the partial word to be completed. The function should
if (rl_filename_completion_desired)
{
filename = tilde_expand (text);
+ if (rl_filename_stat_hook)
+ (*rl_filename_stat_hook) (&filename);
s = (nontrivial_match && rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs == 0)
? LSTAT (filename, &finfo)
: stat (filename, &finfo);
#ifdef S_ISLNK
/* Don't add anything if the filename is a symlink and resolves to a
directory. */
- else if (s == 0 && S_ISLNK (finfo.st_mode) &&
- stat (filename, &finfo) == 0 && S_ISDIR (finfo.st_mode))
+ else if (s == 0 && S_ISLNK (finfo.st_mode) && path_isdir (filename))
;
#endif
else
rl_icppfunc_t *rl_directory_rewrite_hook = (rl_icppfunc_t *)NULL;
+rl_icppfunc_t *rl_directory_stat_hook = (rl_icppfunc_t *)NULL;
+
/* If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call when reading
directory entries from the filesystem for completion and comparing
them to the partial word to be completed. The function should
variable rl_attempted_completion_function. */
if (rl_attempted_completion_function)
{
+#if 0
_rl_interrupt_immediately++;
+#endif
matches = (*rl_attempted_completion_function) (text, start, end);
+#if 0
if (_rl_interrupt_immediately > 0)
_rl_interrupt_immediately--;
+#endif
if (matches || rl_attempted_completion_over)
{
if (rl_filename_completion_desired)
{
filename = tilde_expand (text);
+ if (rl_directory_stat_hook)
+ (*rl_directory_stat_hook) (&filename);
s = (nontrivial_match && rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs == 0)
? LSTAT (filename, &finfo)
: stat (filename, &finfo);
#ifdef S_ISLNK
/* Don't add anything if the filename is a symlink and resolves to a
directory. */
- else if (s == 0 && S_ISLNK (finfo.st_mode) &&
- stat (filename, &finfo) == 0 && S_ISDIR (finfo.st_mode))
+ else if (s == 0 && S_ISLNK (finfo.st_mode) && path_isdir (filename))
;
#endif
else
match_list = (char **)xmalloc ((match_list_size + 1) * sizeof (char *));
match_list[1] = (char *)NULL;
+#if 0
_rl_interrupt_immediately++;
+#endif
while (string = (*entry_function) (text, matches))
{
if (matches + 1 == match_list_size)
match_list[++matches] = string;
match_list[matches + 1] = (char *)NULL;
}
+#if 0
if (_rl_interrupt_immediately > 0)
_rl_interrupt_immediately--;
+#endif
/* If there were any matches, then look through them finding out the
lowest common denominator. That then becomes match_list[0]. */
}
directory = opendir (dirname);
- /* Now dequote a non-null filename. */
- if (filename && *filename && rl_completion_found_quote && rl_filename_dequoting_function)
+ /* Now dequote a non-null filename. FILENAME will not be NULL, but may
+ be empty. */
+ if (*filename && rl_completion_found_quote && rl_filename_dequoting_function)
{
/* delete single and double quotes */
temp = (*rl_filename_dequoting_function) (filename, rl_completion_quote_character);
At the least, even if no other expansion is performed, this function should
remove any quote characters from the directory name, because its result will
be passed directly to @code{opendir()}.
+
The directory completion hook returns an integer that should be non-zero if
the function modifies its directory argument.
The function should not modify the directory argument if it returns 0.
@end deftypevar
-@ignore
-@deftypevar extern rl_icppfunc_t *rl_directory_rewrite_hook;
+@deftypevar {rl_icppfunc_t *} rl_directory_rewrite_hook;
If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call when completing
a directory name. This function takes the address of the directory name
to be modified as an argument. Unlike @code{rl_directory_completion_hook},
it only modifies the directory name used in @code{opendir}, not what is
displayed when the possible completions are printed or inserted. It is
called before rl_directory_completion_hook.
+At the least, even if no other expansion is performed, this function should
+remove any quote characters from the directory name, because its result will
+be passed directly to @code{opendir()}.
-I'm not happy with how this works yet, so it's undocumented.
+The directory rewrite hook returns an integer that should be non-zero if
+the function modfies its directory argument.
+The function should not modify the directory argument if it returns 0.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_icppfunc_t *} rl_filename_stat_hook
+If non-zero, this is the address of a function for the completer to
+call before deciding which character to append to a completed name.
+This function modifies its filename name argument, and the modified value
+is passed to @code{stat()} to determine the file's type and characteristics.
+This function does not need to remove quote characters from the filename.
+
+The stat hook returns an integer that should be non-zero if
+the function modfies its directory argument.
+The function should not modify the directory argument if it returns 0.
@end deftypevar
-@end ignore
@deftypevar {rl_dequote_func_t *} rl_filename_rewrite_hook
If non-zero, this is the address of a function called when reading
--- /dev/null
+@comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
+@setfilename rltech.info
+@comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
+
+@ifinfo
+This document describes the GNU Readline Library, a utility for aiding
+in the consistency of user interface across discrete programs that need
+to provide a command line interface.
+
+Copyright (C) 1988--2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
+this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
+pare preserved on all copies.
+
+@ignore
+Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
+results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
+notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
+(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
+@end ignore
+
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
+manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire
+resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
+notice identical to this one.
+
+Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
+into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
+except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved
+by the Foundation.
+@end ifinfo
+
+@node Programming with GNU Readline
+@chapter Programming with GNU Readline
+
+This chapter describes the interface between the @sc{gnu} Readline Library and
+other programs. If you are a programmer, and you wish to include the
+features found in @sc{gnu} Readline
+such as completion, line editing, and interactive history manipulation
+in your own programs, this section is for you.
+
+@menu
+* Basic Behavior:: Using the default behavior of Readline.
+* Custom Functions:: Adding your own functions to Readline.
+* Readline Variables:: Variables accessible to custom
+ functions.
+* Readline Convenience Functions:: Functions which Readline supplies to
+ aid in writing your own custom
+ functions.
+* Readline Signal Handling:: How Readline behaves when it receives signals.
+* Custom Completers:: Supplanting or supplementing Readline's
+ completion functions.
+@end menu
+
+@node Basic Behavior
+@section Basic Behavior
+
+Many programs provide a command line interface, such as @code{mail},
+@code{ftp}, and @code{sh}. For such programs, the default behaviour of
+Readline is sufficient. This section describes how to use Readline in
+the simplest way possible, perhaps to replace calls in your code to
+@code{gets()} or @code{fgets()}.
+
+@findex readline
+@cindex readline, function
+
+The function @code{readline()} prints a prompt @var{prompt}
+and then reads and returns a single line of text from the user.
+If @var{prompt} is @code{NULL} or the empty string, no prompt is displayed.
+The line @code{readline} returns is allocated with @code{malloc()};
+the caller should @code{free()} the line when it has finished with it.
+The declaration for @code{readline} in ANSI C is
+
+@example
+@code{char *readline (const char *@var{prompt});}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+So, one might say
+@example
+@code{char *line = readline ("Enter a line: ");}
+@end example
+@noindent
+in order to read a line of text from the user.
+The line returned has the final newline removed, so only the
+text remains.
+
+If @code{readline} encounters an @code{EOF} while reading the line, and the
+line is empty at that point, then @code{(char *)NULL} is returned.
+Otherwise, the line is ended just as if a newline had been typed.
+
+If you want the user to be able to get at the line later, (with
+@key{C-p} for example), you must call @code{add_history()} to save the
+line away in a @dfn{history} list of such lines.
+
+@example
+@code{add_history (line)};
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+For full details on the GNU History Library, see the associated manual.
+
+It is preferable to avoid saving empty lines on the history list, since
+users rarely have a burning need to reuse a blank line. Here is
+a function which usefully replaces the standard @code{gets()} library
+function, and has the advantage of no static buffer to overflow:
+
+@example
+/* A static variable for holding the line. */
+static char *line_read = (char *)NULL;
+
+/* Read a string, and return a pointer to it.
+ Returns NULL on EOF. */
+char *
+rl_gets ()
+@{
+ /* If the buffer has already been allocated,
+ return the memory to the free pool. */
+ if (line_read)
+ @{
+ free (line_read);
+ line_read = (char *)NULL;
+ @}
+
+ /* Get a line from the user. */
+ line_read = readline ("");
+
+ /* If the line has any text in it,
+ save it on the history. */
+ if (line_read && *line_read)
+ add_history (line_read);
+
+ return (line_read);
+@}
+@end example
+
+This function gives the user the default behaviour of @key{TAB}
+completion: completion on file names. If you do not want Readline to
+complete on filenames, you can change the binding of the @key{TAB} key
+with @code{rl_bind_key()}.
+
+@example
+@code{int rl_bind_key (int @var{key}, rl_command_func_t *@var{function});}
+@end example
+
+@code{rl_bind_key()} takes two arguments: @var{key} is the character that
+you want to bind, and @var{function} is the address of the function to
+call when @var{key} is pressed. Binding @key{TAB} to @code{rl_insert()}
+makes @key{TAB} insert itself.
+@code{rl_bind_key()} returns non-zero if @var{key} is not a valid
+ASCII character code (between 0 and 255).
+
+Thus, to disable the default @key{TAB} behavior, the following suffices:
+@example
+@code{rl_bind_key ('\t', rl_insert);}
+@end example
+
+This code should be executed once at the start of your program; you
+might write a function called @code{initialize_readline()} which
+performs this and other desired initializations, such as installing
+custom completers (@pxref{Custom Completers}).
+
+@node Custom Functions
+@section Custom Functions
+
+Readline provides many functions for manipulating the text of
+the line, but it isn't possible to anticipate the needs of all
+programs. This section describes the various functions and variables
+defined within the Readline library which allow a user program to add
+customized functionality to Readline.
+
+Before declaring any functions that customize Readline's behavior, or
+using any functionality Readline provides in other code, an
+application writer should include the file @code{<readline/readline.h>}
+in any file that uses Readline's features. Since some of the definitions
+in @code{readline.h} use the @code{stdio} library, the file
+@code{<stdio.h>} should be included before @code{readline.h}.
+
+@code{readline.h} defines a C preprocessor variable that should
+be treated as an integer, @code{RL_READLINE_VERSION}, which may
+be used to conditionally compile application code depending on
+the installed Readline version. The value is a hexadecimal
+encoding of the major and minor version numbers of the library,
+of the form 0x@var{MMmm}. @var{MM} is the two-digit major
+version number; @var{mm} is the two-digit minor version number.
+For Readline 4.2, for example, the value of
+@code{RL_READLINE_VERSION} would be @code{0x0402}.
+
+@menu
+* Readline Typedefs:: C declarations to make code readable.
+* Function Writing:: Variables and calling conventions.
+@end menu
+
+@node Readline Typedefs
+@subsection Readline Typedefs
+
+For readabilty, we declare a number of new object types, all pointers
+to functions.
+
+The reason for declaring these new types is to make it easier to write
+code describing pointers to C functions with appropriately prototyped
+arguments and return values.
+
+For instance, say we want to declare a variable @var{func} as a pointer
+to a function which takes two @code{int} arguments and returns an
+@code{int} (this is the type of all of the Readline bindable functions).
+Instead of the classic C declaration
+
+@code{int (*func)();}
+
+@noindent
+or the ANSI-C style declaration
+
+@code{int (*func)(int, int);}
+
+@noindent
+we may write
+
+@code{rl_command_func_t *func;}
+
+The full list of function pointer types available is
+
+@table @code
+@item typedef int rl_command_func_t (int, int);
+
+@item typedef char *rl_compentry_func_t (const char *, int);
+
+@item typedef char **rl_completion_func_t (const char *, int, int);
+
+@item typedef char *rl_quote_func_t (char *, int, char *);
+
+@item typedef char *rl_dequote_func_t (char *, int);
+
+@item typedef int rl_compignore_func_t (char **);
+
+@item typedef void rl_compdisp_func_t (char **, int, int);
+
+@item typedef int rl_hook_func_t (void);
+
+@item typedef int rl_getc_func_t (FILE *);
+
+@item typedef int rl_linebuf_func_t (char *, int);
+
+@item typedef int rl_intfunc_t (int);
+@item #define rl_ivoidfunc_t rl_hook_func_t
+@item typedef int rl_icpfunc_t (char *);
+@item typedef int rl_icppfunc_t (char **);
+
+@item typedef void rl_voidfunc_t (void);
+@item typedef void rl_vintfunc_t (int);
+@item typedef void rl_vcpfunc_t (char *);
+@item typedef void rl_vcppfunc_t (char **);
+
+@end table
+
+@node Function Writing
+@subsection Writing a New Function
+
+In order to write new functions for Readline, you need to know the
+calling conventions for keyboard-invoked functions, and the names of the
+variables that describe the current state of the line read so far.
+
+The calling sequence for a command @code{foo} looks like
+
+@example
+@code{int foo (int count, int key)}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+where @var{count} is the numeric argument (or 1 if defaulted) and
+@var{key} is the key that invoked this function.
+
+It is completely up to the function as to what should be done with the
+numeric argument. Some functions use it as a repeat count, some
+as a flag, and others to choose alternate behavior (refreshing the current
+line as opposed to refreshing the screen, for example). Some choose to
+ignore it. In general, if a
+function uses the numeric argument as a repeat count, it should be able
+to do something useful with both negative and positive arguments.
+At the very least, it should be aware that it can be passed a
+negative argument.
+
+A command function should return 0 if its action completes successfully,
+and a non-zero value if some error occurs.
+This is the convention obeyed by all of the builtin Readline bindable
+command functions.
+
+@node Readline Variables
+@section Readline Variables
+
+These variables are available to function writers.
+
+@deftypevar {char *} rl_line_buffer
+This is the line gathered so far. You are welcome to modify the
+contents of the line, but see @ref{Allowing Undoing}. The
+function @code{rl_extend_line_buffer} is available to increase
+the memory allocated to @code{rl_line_buffer}.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_point
+The offset of the current cursor position in @code{rl_line_buffer}
+(the @emph{point}).
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_end
+The number of characters present in @code{rl_line_buffer}. When
+@code{rl_point} is at the end of the line, @code{rl_point} and
+@code{rl_end} are equal.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_mark
+The @var{mark} (saved position) in the current line. If set, the mark
+and point define a @emph{region}.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_done
+Setting this to a non-zero value causes Readline to return the current
+line immediately.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_num_chars_to_read
+Setting this to a positive value before calling @code{readline()} causes
+Readline to return after accepting that many characters, rather
+than reading up to a character bound to @code{accept-line}.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_pending_input
+Setting this to a value makes it the next keystroke read. This is a
+way to stuff a single character into the input stream.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_dispatching
+Set to a non-zero value if a function is being called from a key binding;
+zero otherwise. Application functions can test this to discover whether
+they were called directly or by Readline's dispatching mechanism.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_erase_empty_line
+Setting this to a non-zero value causes Readline to completely erase
+the current line, including any prompt, any time a newline is typed as
+the only character on an otherwise-empty line. The cursor is moved to
+the beginning of the newly-blank line.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {char *} rl_prompt
+The prompt Readline uses. This is set from the argument to
+@code{readline()}, and should not be assigned to directly.
+The @code{rl_set_prompt()} function (@pxref{Redisplay}) may
+be used to modify the prompt string after calling @code{readline()}.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {char *} rl_display_prompt
+The string displayed as the prompt. This is usually identical to
+@var{rl_prompt}, but may be changed temporarily by functions that
+use the prompt string as a message area, such as incremental search.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_already_prompted
+If an application wishes to display the prompt itself, rather than have
+Readline do it the first time @code{readline()} is called, it should set
+this variable to a non-zero value after displaying the prompt.
+The prompt must also be passed as the argument to @code{readline()} so
+the redisplay functions can update the display properly.
+The calling application is responsible for managing the value; Readline
+never sets it.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {const char *} rl_library_version
+The version number of this revision of the library.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_readline_version
+An integer encoding the current version of the library. The encoding is
+of the form 0x@var{MMmm}, where @var{MM} is the two-digit major version
+number, and @var{mm} is the two-digit minor version number.
+For example, for Readline-4.2, @code{rl_readline_version} would have the
+value 0x0402.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {int} rl_gnu_readline_p
+Always set to 1, denoting that this is @sc{gnu} readline rather than some
+emulation.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {const char *} rl_terminal_name
+The terminal type, used for initialization. If not set by the application,
+Readline sets this to the value of the @env{TERM} environment variable
+the first time it is called.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {const char *} rl_readline_name
+This variable is set to a unique name by each application using Readline.
+The value allows conditional parsing of the inputrc file
+(@pxref{Conditional Init Constructs}).
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {FILE *} rl_instream
+The stdio stream from which Readline reads input.
+If @code{NULL}, Readline defaults to @var{stdin}.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {FILE *} rl_outstream
+The stdio stream to which Readline performs output.
+If @code{NULL}, Readline defaults to @var{stdout}.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_prefer_env_winsize
+If non-zero, Readline gives values found in the @env{LINES} and
+@env{COLUMNS} environment variables greater precedence than values fetched
+from the kernel when computing the screen dimensions.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_command_func_t *} rl_last_func
+The address of the last command function Readline executed. May be used to
+test whether or not a function is being executed twice in succession, for
+example.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_hook_func_t *} rl_startup_hook
+If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call just
+before @code{readline} prints the first prompt.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_hook_func_t *} rl_pre_input_hook
+If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call after
+the first prompt has been printed and just before @code{readline}
+starts reading input characters.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_hook_func_t *} rl_event_hook
+If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call periodically
+when Readline is waiting for terminal input.
+By default, this will be called at most ten times a second if there
+is no keyboard input.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_getc_func_t *} rl_getc_function
+If non-zero, Readline will call indirectly through this pointer
+to get a character from the input stream. By default, it is set to
+@code{rl_getc}, the default Readline character input function
+(@pxref{Character Input}).
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_voidfunc_t *} rl_redisplay_function
+If non-zero, Readline will call indirectly through this pointer
+to update the display with the current contents of the editing buffer.
+By default, it is set to @code{rl_redisplay}, the default Readline
+redisplay function (@pxref{Redisplay}).
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_vintfunc_t *} rl_prep_term_function
+If non-zero, Readline will call indirectly through this pointer
+to initialize the terminal. The function takes a single argument, an
+@code{int} flag that says whether or not to use eight-bit characters.
+By default, this is set to @code{rl_prep_terminal}
+(@pxref{Terminal Management}).
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_voidfunc_t *} rl_deprep_term_function
+If non-zero, Readline will call indirectly through this pointer
+to reset the terminal. This function should undo the effects of
+@code{rl_prep_term_function}.
+By default, this is set to @code{rl_deprep_terminal}
+(@pxref{Terminal Management}).
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {Keymap} rl_executing_keymap
+This variable is set to the keymap (@pxref{Keymaps}) in which the
+currently executing readline function was found.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {Keymap} rl_binding_keymap
+This variable is set to the keymap (@pxref{Keymaps}) in which the
+last key binding occurred.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {char *} rl_executing_macro
+This variable is set to the text of any currently-executing macro.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {int} rl_readline_state
+A variable with bit values that encapsulate the current Readline state.
+A bit is set with the @code{RL_SETSTATE} macro, and unset with the
+@code{RL_UNSETSTATE} macro. Use the @code{RL_ISSTATE} macro to test
+whether a particular state bit is set. Current state bits include:
+
+@table @code
+@item RL_STATE_NONE
+Readline has not yet been called, nor has it begun to intialize.
+@item RL_STATE_INITIALIZING
+Readline is initializing its internal data structures.
+@item RL_STATE_INITIALIZED
+Readline has completed its initialization.
+@item RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED
+Readline has modified the terminal modes to do its own input and redisplay.
+@item RL_STATE_READCMD
+Readline is reading a command from the keyboard.
+@item RL_STATE_METANEXT
+Readline is reading more input after reading the meta-prefix character.
+@item RL_STATE_DISPATCHING
+Readline is dispatching to a command.
+@item RL_STATE_MOREINPUT
+Readline is reading more input while executing an editing command.
+@item RL_STATE_ISEARCH
+Readline is performing an incremental history search.
+@item RL_STATE_NSEARCH
+Readline is performing a non-incremental history search.
+@item RL_STATE_SEARCH
+Readline is searching backward or forward through the history for a string.
+@item RL_STATE_NUMERICARG
+Readline is reading a numeric argument.
+@item RL_STATE_MACROINPUT
+Readline is currently getting its input from a previously-defined keyboard
+macro.
+@item RL_STATE_MACRODEF
+Readline is currently reading characters defining a keyboard macro.
+@item RL_STATE_OVERWRITE
+Readline is in overwrite mode.
+@item RL_STATE_COMPLETING
+Readline is performing word completion.
+@item RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER
+Readline is currently executing the readline signal handler.
+@item RL_STATE_UNDOING
+Readline is performing an undo.
+@item RL_STATE_INPUTPENDING
+Readline has input pending due to a call to @code{rl_execute_next()}.
+@item RL_STATE_TTYCSAVED
+Readline has saved the values of the terminal's special characters.
+@item RL_STATE_CALLBACK
+Readline is currently using the alternate (callback) interface
+(@pxref{Alternate Interface}).
+@item RL_STATE_VIMOTION
+Readline is reading the argument to a vi-mode "motion" command.
+@item RL_STATE_MULTIKEY
+Readline is reading a multiple-keystroke command.
+@item RL_STATE_VICMDONCE
+Readline has entered vi command (movement) mode at least one time during
+the current call to @code{readline()}.
+@item RL_STATE_DONE
+Readline has read a key sequence bound to @code{accept-line}
+and is about to return the line to the caller.
+@end table
+
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {int} rl_explicit_arg
+Set to a non-zero value if an explicit numeric argument was specified by
+the user. Only valid in a bindable command function.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {int} rl_numeric_arg
+Set to the value of any numeric argument explicitly specified by the user
+before executing the current Readline function. Only valid in a bindable
+command function.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {int} rl_editing_mode
+Set to a value denoting Readline's current editing mode. A value of
+@var{1} means Readline is currently in emacs mode; @var{0}
+means that vi mode is active.
+@end deftypevar
+
+
+@node Readline Convenience Functions
+@section Readline Convenience Functions
+
+@menu
+* Function Naming:: How to give a function you write a name.
+* Keymaps:: Making keymaps.
+* Binding Keys:: Changing Keymaps.
+* Associating Function Names and Bindings:: Translate function names to
+ key sequences.
+* Allowing Undoing:: How to make your functions undoable.
+* Redisplay:: Functions to control line display.
+* Modifying Text:: Functions to modify @code{rl_line_buffer}.
+* Character Input:: Functions to read keyboard input.
+* Terminal Management:: Functions to manage terminal settings.
+* Utility Functions:: Generally useful functions and hooks.
+* Miscellaneous Functions:: Functions that don't fall into any category.
+* Alternate Interface:: Using Readline in a `callback' fashion.
+* A Readline Example:: An example Readline function.
+@end menu
+
+@node Function Naming
+@subsection Naming a Function
+
+The user can dynamically change the bindings of keys while using
+Readline. This is done by representing the function with a descriptive
+name. The user is able to type the descriptive name when referring to
+the function. Thus, in an init file, one might find
+
+@example
+Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
+@end example
+
+This binds the keystroke @key{Meta-Rubout} to the function
+@emph{descriptively} named @code{backward-kill-word}. You, as the
+programmer, should bind the functions you write to descriptive names as
+well. Readline provides a function for doing that:
+
+@deftypefun int rl_add_defun (const char *name, rl_command_func_t *function, int key)
+Add @var{name} to the list of named functions. Make @var{function} be
+the function that gets called. If @var{key} is not -1, then bind it to
+@var{function} using @code{rl_bind_key()}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+Using this function alone is sufficient for most applications.
+It is the recommended way to add a few functions to the default
+functions that Readline has built in.
+If you need to do something other than adding a function to Readline,
+you may need to use the underlying functions described below.
+
+@node Keymaps
+@subsection Selecting a Keymap
+
+Key bindings take place on a @dfn{keymap}. The keymap is the
+association between the keys that the user types and the functions that
+get run. You can make your own keymaps, copy existing keymaps, and tell
+Readline which keymap to use.
+
+@deftypefun Keymap rl_make_bare_keymap (void)
+Returns a new, empty keymap. The space for the keymap is allocated with
+@code{malloc()}; the caller should free it by calling
+@code{rl_free_keymap()} when done.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun Keymap rl_copy_keymap (Keymap map)
+Return a new keymap which is a copy of @var{map}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun Keymap rl_make_keymap (void)
+Return a new keymap with the printing characters bound to rl_insert,
+the lowercase Meta characters bound to run their equivalents, and
+the Meta digits bound to produce numeric arguments.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_discard_keymap (Keymap keymap)
+Free the storage associated with the data in @var{keymap}.
+The caller should free @var{keymap}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_free_keymap (Keymap keymap)
+Free all storage associated with @var{keymap}. This calls
+@code{rl_discard_keymap} to free subordindate keymaps and macros.
+@end deftypefun
+
+Readline has several internal keymaps. These functions allow you to
+change which keymap is active.
+
+@deftypefun Keymap rl_get_keymap (void)
+Returns the currently active keymap.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_set_keymap (Keymap keymap)
+Makes @var{keymap} the currently active keymap.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun Keymap rl_get_keymap_by_name (const char *name)
+Return the keymap matching @var{name}. @var{name} is one which would
+be supplied in a @code{set keymap} inputrc line (@pxref{Readline Init File}).
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun {char *} rl_get_keymap_name (Keymap keymap)
+Return the name matching @var{keymap}. @var{name} is one which would
+be supplied in a @code{set keymap} inputrc line (@pxref{Readline Init File}).
+@end deftypefun
+
+@node Binding Keys
+@subsection Binding Keys
+
+Key sequences are associate with functions through the keymap.
+Readline has several internal keymaps: @code{emacs_standard_keymap},
+@code{emacs_meta_keymap}, @code{emacs_ctlx_keymap},
+@code{vi_movement_keymap}, and @code{vi_insertion_keymap}.
+@code{emacs_standard_keymap} is the default, and the examples in
+this manual assume that.
+
+Since @code{readline()} installs a set of default key bindings the first
+time it is called, there is always the danger that a custom binding
+installed before the first call to @code{readline()} will be overridden.
+An alternate mechanism is to install custom key bindings in an
+initialization function assigned to the @code{rl_startup_hook} variable
+(@pxref{Readline Variables}).
+
+These functions manage key bindings.
+
+@deftypefun int rl_bind_key (int key, rl_command_func_t *function)
+Binds @var{key} to @var{function} in the currently active keymap.
+Returns non-zero in the case of an invalid @var{key}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_bind_key_in_map (int key, rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map)
+Bind @var{key} to @var{function} in @var{map}.
+Returns non-zero in the case of an invalid @var{key}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_bind_key_if_unbound (int key, rl_command_func_t *function)
+Binds @var{key} to @var{function} if it is not already bound in the
+currently active keymap.
+Returns non-zero in the case of an invalid @var{key} or if @var{key} is
+already bound.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map (int key, rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map)
+Binds @var{key} to @var{function} if it is not already bound in @var{map}.
+Returns non-zero in the case of an invalid @var{key} or if @var{key} is
+already bound.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_unbind_key (int key)
+Bind @var{key} to the null function in the currently active keymap.
+Returns non-zero in case of error.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_unbind_key_in_map (int key, Keymap map)
+Bind @var{key} to the null function in @var{map}.
+Returns non-zero in case of error.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_unbind_function_in_map (rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map)
+Unbind all keys that execute @var{function} in @var{map}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_unbind_command_in_map (const char *command, Keymap map)
+Unbind all keys that are bound to @var{command} in @var{map}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_bind_keyseq (const char *keyseq, rl_command_func_t *function)
+Bind the key sequence represented by the string @var{keyseq} to the function
+@var{function}, beginning in the current keymap.
+This makes new keymaps as necessary.
+The return value is non-zero if @var{keyseq} is invalid.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_bind_keyseq_in_map (const char *keyseq, rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map)
+Bind the key sequence represented by the string @var{keyseq} to the function
+@var{function}. This makes new keymaps as necessary.
+Initial bindings are performed in @var{map}.
+The return value is non-zero if @var{keyseq} is invalid.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_set_key (const char *keyseq, rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map)
+Equivalent to @code{rl_bind_keyseq_in_map}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound (const char *keyseq, rl_command_func_t *function)
+Binds @var{keyseq} to @var{function} if it is not already bound in the
+currently active keymap.
+Returns non-zero in the case of an invalid @var{keyseq} or if @var{keyseq} is
+already bound.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map (const char *keyseq, rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map)
+Binds @var{keyseq} to @var{function} if it is not already bound in @var{map}.
+Returns non-zero in the case of an invalid @var{keyseq} or if @var{keyseq} is
+already bound.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_generic_bind (int type, const char *keyseq, char *data, Keymap map)
+Bind the key sequence represented by the string @var{keyseq} to the arbitrary
+pointer @var{data}. @var{type} says what kind of data is pointed to by
+@var{data}; this can be a function (@code{ISFUNC}), a macro
+(@code{ISMACR}), or a keymap (@code{ISKMAP}). This makes new keymaps as
+necessary. The initial keymap in which to do bindings is @var{map}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_parse_and_bind (char *line)
+Parse @var{line} as if it had been read from the @code{inputrc} file and
+perform any key bindings and variable assignments found
+(@pxref{Readline Init File}).
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_read_init_file (const char *filename)
+Read keybindings and variable assignments from @var{filename}
+(@pxref{Readline Init File}).
+@end deftypefun
+
+@node Associating Function Names and Bindings
+@subsection Associating Function Names and Bindings
+
+These functions allow you to find out what keys invoke named functions
+and the functions invoked by a particular key sequence. You may also
+associate a new function name with an arbitrary function.
+
+@deftypefun {rl_command_func_t *} rl_named_function (const char *name)
+Return the function with name @var{name}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun {rl_command_func_t *} rl_function_of_keyseq (const char *keyseq, Keymap map, int *type)
+Return the function invoked by @var{keyseq} in keymap @var{map}.
+If @var{map} is @code{NULL}, the current keymap is used. If @var{type} is
+not @code{NULL}, the type of the object is returned in the @code{int} variable
+it points to (one of @code{ISFUNC}, @code{ISKMAP}, or @code{ISMACR}).
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun {char **} rl_invoking_keyseqs (rl_command_func_t *function)
+Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to
+invoke @var{function} in the current keymap.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun {char **} rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map (rl_command_func_t *function, Keymap map)
+Return an array of strings representing the key sequences used to
+invoke @var{function} in the keymap @var{map}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_function_dumper (int readable)
+Print the readline function names and the key sequences currently
+bound to them to @code{rl_outstream}. If @var{readable} is non-zero,
+the list is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
+@code{inputrc} file and re-read.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_list_funmap_names (void)
+Print the names of all bindable Readline functions to @code{rl_outstream}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun {const char **} rl_funmap_names (void)
+Return a NULL terminated array of known function names. The array is
+sorted. The array itself is allocated, but not the strings inside. You
+should free the array, but not the pointers, using @code{free} or
+@code{rl_free} when you are done.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_add_funmap_entry (const char *name, rl_command_func_t *function)
+Add @var{name} to the list of bindable Readline command names, and make
+@var{function} the function to be called when @var{name} is invoked.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@node Allowing Undoing
+@subsection Allowing Undoing
+
+Supporting the undo command is a painless thing, and makes your
+functions much more useful. It is certainly easy to try
+something if you know you can undo it.
+
+If your function simply inserts text once, or deletes text once, and
+uses @code{rl_insert_text()} or @code{rl_delete_text()} to do it, then
+undoing is already done for you automatically.
+
+If you do multiple insertions or multiple deletions, or any combination
+of these operations, you should group them together into one operation.
+This is done with @code{rl_begin_undo_group()} and
+@code{rl_end_undo_group()}.
+
+The types of events that can be undone are:
+
+@smallexample
+enum undo_code @{ UNDO_DELETE, UNDO_INSERT, UNDO_BEGIN, UNDO_END @};
+@end smallexample
+
+Notice that @code{UNDO_DELETE} means to insert some text, and
+@code{UNDO_INSERT} means to delete some text. That is, the undo code
+tells what to undo, not how to undo it. @code{UNDO_BEGIN} and
+@code{UNDO_END} are tags added by @code{rl_begin_undo_group()} and
+@code{rl_end_undo_group()}.
+
+@deftypefun int rl_begin_undo_group (void)
+Begins saving undo information in a group construct. The undo
+information usually comes from calls to @code{rl_insert_text()} and
+@code{rl_delete_text()}, but could be the result of calls to
+@code{rl_add_undo()}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_end_undo_group (void)
+Closes the current undo group started with @code{rl_begin_undo_group
+()}. There should be one call to @code{rl_end_undo_group()}
+for each call to @code{rl_begin_undo_group()}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_add_undo (enum undo_code what, int start, int end, char *text)
+Remember how to undo an event (according to @var{what}). The affected
+text runs from @var{start} to @var{end}, and encompasses @var{text}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_free_undo_list (void)
+Free the existing undo list.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_do_undo (void)
+Undo the first thing on the undo list. Returns @code{0} if there was
+nothing to undo, non-zero if something was undone.
+@end deftypefun
+
+Finally, if you neither insert nor delete text, but directly modify the
+existing text (e.g., change its case), call @code{rl_modifying()}
+once, just before you modify the text. You must supply the indices of
+the text range that you are going to modify.
+
+@deftypefun int rl_modifying (int start, int end)
+Tell Readline to save the text between @var{start} and @var{end} as a
+single undo unit. It is assumed that you will subsequently modify
+that text.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@node Redisplay
+@subsection Redisplay
+
+@deftypefun void rl_redisplay (void)
+Change what's displayed on the screen to reflect the current contents
+of @code{rl_line_buffer}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_forced_update_display (void)
+Force the line to be updated and redisplayed, whether or not
+Readline thinks the screen display is correct.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_on_new_line (void)
+Tell the update functions that we have moved onto a new (empty) line,
+usually after ouputting a newline.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_on_new_line_with_prompt (void)
+Tell the update functions that we have moved onto a new line, with
+@var{rl_prompt} already displayed.
+This could be used by applications that want to output the prompt string
+themselves, but still need Readline to know the prompt string length for
+redisplay.
+It should be used after setting @var{rl_already_prompted}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_reset_line_state (void)
+Reset the display state to a clean state and redisplay the current line
+starting on a new line.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_crlf (void)
+Move the cursor to the start of the next screen line.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_show_char (int c)
+Display character @var{c} on @code{rl_outstream}.
+If Readline has not been set to display meta characters directly, this
+will convert meta characters to a meta-prefixed key sequence.
+This is intended for use by applications which wish to do their own
+redisplay.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_message (const char *, @dots{})
+The arguments are a format string as would be supplied to @code{printf},
+possibly containing conversion specifications such as @samp{%d}, and
+any additional arguments necessary to satisfy the conversion specifications.
+The resulting string is displayed in the @dfn{echo area}. The echo area
+is also used to display numeric arguments and search strings.
+You should call @code{rl_save_prompt} to save the prompt information
+before calling this function.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_clear_message (void)
+Clear the message in the echo area. If the prompt was saved with a call to
+@code{rl_save_prompt} before the last call to @code{rl_message},
+call @code{rl_restore_prompt} before calling this function.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_save_prompt (void)
+Save the local Readline prompt display state in preparation for
+displaying a new message in the message area with @code{rl_message()}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_restore_prompt (void)
+Restore the local Readline prompt display state saved by the most
+recent call to @code{rl_save_prompt}.
+if @code{rl_save_prompt} was called to save the prompt before a call
+to @code{rl_message}, this function should be called before the
+corresponding call to @code{rl_clear_message}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_expand_prompt (char *prompt)
+Expand any special character sequences in @var{prompt} and set up the
+local Readline prompt redisplay variables.
+This function is called by @code{readline()}. It may also be called to
+expand the primary prompt if the @code{rl_on_new_line_with_prompt()}
+function or @code{rl_already_prompted} variable is used.
+It returns the number of visible characters on the last line of the
+(possibly multi-line) prompt.
+Applications may indicate that the prompt contains characters that take
+up no physical screen space when displayed by bracketing a sequence of
+such characters with the special markers @code{RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE}
+and @code{RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE} (declared in @file{readline.h}. This may
+be used to embed terminal-specific escape sequences in prompts.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_set_prompt (const char *prompt)
+Make Readline use @var{prompt} for subsequent redisplay. This calls
+@code{rl_expand_prompt()} to expand the prompt and sets @code{rl_prompt}
+to the result.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@node Modifying Text
+@subsection Modifying Text
+
+@deftypefun int rl_insert_text (const char *text)
+Insert @var{text} into the line at the current cursor position.
+Returns the number of characters inserted.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_delete_text (int start, int end)
+Delete the text between @var{start} and @var{end} in the current line.
+Returns the number of characters deleted.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun {char *} rl_copy_text (int start, int end)
+Return a copy of the text between @var{start} and @var{end} in
+the current line.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_kill_text (int start, int end)
+Copy the text between @var{start} and @var{end} in the current line
+to the kill ring, appending or prepending to the last kill if the
+last command was a kill command. The text is deleted.
+If @var{start} is less than @var{end},
+the text is appended, otherwise prepended. If the last command was
+not a kill, a new kill ring slot is used.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_push_macro_input (char *macro)
+Cause @var{macro} to be inserted into the line, as if it had been invoked
+by a key bound to a macro. Not especially useful; use
+@code{rl_insert_text()} instead.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@node Character Input
+@subsection Character Input
+
+@deftypefun int rl_read_key (void)
+Return the next character available from Readline's current input stream.
+This handles input inserted into
+the input stream via @var{rl_pending_input} (@pxref{Readline Variables})
+and @code{rl_stuff_char()}, macros, and characters read from the keyboard.
+While waiting for input, this function will call any function assigned to
+the @code{rl_event_hook} variable.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_getc (FILE *stream)
+Return the next character available from @var{stream}, which is assumed to
+be the keyboard.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_stuff_char (int c)
+Insert @var{c} into the Readline input stream. It will be "read"
+before Readline attempts to read characters from the terminal with
+@code{rl_read_key()}. Up to 512 characters may be pushed back.
+@code{rl_stuff_char} returns 1 if the character was successfully inserted;
+0 otherwise.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_execute_next (int c)
+Make @var{c} be the next command to be executed when @code{rl_read_key()}
+is called. This sets @var{rl_pending_input}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_clear_pending_input (void)
+Unset @var{rl_pending_input}, effectively negating the effect of any
+previous call to @code{rl_execute_next()}. This works only if the
+pending input has not already been read with @code{rl_read_key()}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout (int u)
+While waiting for keyboard input in @code{rl_read_key()}, Readline will
+wait for @var{u} microseconds for input before calling any function
+assigned to @code{rl_event_hook}. @var{u} must be greater than or equal
+to zero (a zero-length timeout is equivalent to a poll).
+The default waiting period is one-tenth of a second.
+Returns the old timeout value.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@node Terminal Management
+@subsection Terminal Management
+
+@deftypefun void rl_prep_terminal (int meta_flag)
+Modify the terminal settings for Readline's use, so @code{readline()}
+can read a single character at a time from the keyboard.
+The @var{meta_flag} argument should be non-zero if Readline should
+read eight-bit input.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_deprep_terminal (void)
+Undo the effects of @code{rl_prep_terminal()}, leaving the terminal in
+the state in which it was before the most recent call to
+@code{rl_prep_terminal()}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_tty_set_default_bindings (Keymap kmap)
+Read the operating system's terminal editing characters (as would be
+displayed by @code{stty}) to their Readline equivalents.
+The bindings are performed in @var{kmap}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_tty_unset_default_bindings (Keymap kmap)
+Reset the bindings manipulated by @code{rl_tty_set_default_bindings} so
+that the terminal editing characters are bound to @code{rl_insert}.
+The bindings are performed in @var{kmap}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_reset_terminal (const char *terminal_name)
+Reinitialize Readline's idea of the terminal settings using
+@var{terminal_name} as the terminal type (e.g., @code{vt100}).
+If @var{terminal_name} is @code{NULL}, the value of the @code{TERM}
+environment variable is used.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@node Utility Functions
+@subsection Utility Functions
+
+@deftypefun int rl_save_state (struct readline_state *sp)
+Save a snapshot of Readline's internal state to @var{sp}.
+The contents of the @var{readline_state} structure are documented
+in @file{readline.h}.
+The caller is responsible for allocating the structure.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_restore_state (struct readline_state *sp)
+Restore Readline's internal state to that stored in @var{sp}, which must
+have been saved by a call to @code{rl_save_state}.
+The contents of the @var{readline_state} structure are documented
+in @file{readline.h}.
+The caller is responsible for freeing the structure.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_free (void *mem)
+Deallocate the memory pointed to by @var{mem}. @var{mem} must have been
+allocated by @code{malloc}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_replace_line (const char *text, int clear_undo)
+Replace the contents of @code{rl_line_buffer} with @var{text}.
+The point and mark are preserved, if possible.
+If @var{clear_undo} is non-zero, the undo list associated with the
+current line is cleared.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_extend_line_buffer (int len)
+Ensure that @code{rl_line_buffer} has enough space to hold @var{len}
+characters, possibly reallocating it if necessary.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_initialize (void)
+Initialize or re-initialize Readline's internal state.
+It's not strictly necessary to call this; @code{readline()} calls it before
+reading any input.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_ding (void)
+Ring the terminal bell, obeying the setting of @code{bell-style}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_alphabetic (int c)
+Return 1 if @var{c} is an alphabetic character.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_display_match_list (char **matches, int len, int max)
+A convenience function for displaying a list of strings in
+columnar format on Readline's output stream. @code{matches} is the list
+of strings, in argv format, such as a list of completion matches.
+@code{len} is the number of strings in @code{matches}, and @code{max}
+is the length of the longest string in @code{matches}. This function uses
+the setting of @code{print-completions-horizontally} to select how the
+matches are displayed (@pxref{Readline Init File Syntax}).
+When displaying completions, this function sets the number of columns used
+for display to the value of @code{completion-display-width}, the value of
+the environment variable @env{COLUMNS}, or the screen width, in that order.
+@end deftypefun
+
+The following are implemented as macros, defined in @code{chardefs.h}.
+Applications should refrain from using them.
+
+@deftypefun int _rl_uppercase_p (int c)
+Return 1 if @var{c} is an uppercase alphabetic character.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int _rl_lowercase_p (int c)
+Return 1 if @var{c} is a lowercase alphabetic character.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int _rl_digit_p (int c)
+Return 1 if @var{c} is a numeric character.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int _rl_to_upper (int c)
+If @var{c} is a lowercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding
+uppercase character.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int _rl_to_lower (int c)
+If @var{c} is an uppercase alphabetic character, return the corresponding
+lowercase character.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int _rl_digit_value (int c)
+If @var{c} is a number, return the value it represents.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@node Miscellaneous Functions
+@subsection Miscellaneous Functions
+
+@deftypefun int rl_macro_bind (const char *keyseq, const char *macro, Keymap map)
+Bind the key sequence @var{keyseq} to invoke the macro @var{macro}.
+The binding is performed in @var{map}. When @var{keyseq} is invoked, the
+@var{macro} will be inserted into the line. This function is deprecated;
+use @code{rl_generic_bind()} instead.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_macro_dumper (int readable)
+Print the key sequences bound to macros and their values, using
+the current keymap, to @code{rl_outstream}.
+If @var{readable} is non-zero, the list is formatted in such a way
+that it can be made part of an @code{inputrc} file and re-read.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_variable_bind (const char *variable, const char *value)
+Make the Readline variable @var{variable} have @var{value}.
+This behaves as if the readline command
+@samp{set @var{variable} @var{value}} had been executed in an @code{inputrc}
+file (@pxref{Readline Init File Syntax}).
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun {char *} rl_variable_value (const char *variable)
+Return a string representing the value of the Readline variable @var{variable}.
+For boolean variables, this string is either @samp{on} or @samp{off}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_variable_dumper (int readable)
+Print the readline variable names and their current values
+to @code{rl_outstream}.
+If @var{readable} is non-zero, the list is formatted in such a way
+that it can be made part of an @code{inputrc} file and re-read.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_set_paren_blink_timeout (int u)
+Set the time interval (in microseconds) that Readline waits when showing
+a balancing character when @code{blink-matching-paren} has been enabled.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun {char *} rl_get_termcap (const char *cap)
+Retrieve the string value of the termcap capability @var{cap}.
+Readline fetches the termcap entry for the current terminal name and
+uses those capabilities to move around the screen line and perform other
+terminal-specific operations, like erasing a line. Readline does not
+use all of a terminal's capabilities, and this function will return
+values for only those capabilities Readline uses.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@node Alternate Interface
+@subsection Alternate Interface
+
+An alternate interface is available to plain @code{readline()}. Some
+applications need to interleave keyboard I/O with file, device, or
+window system I/O, typically by using a main loop to @code{select()}
+on various file descriptors. To accomodate this need, readline can
+also be invoked as a `callback' function from an event loop. There
+are functions available to make this easy.
+
+@deftypefun void rl_callback_handler_install (const char *prompt, rl_vcpfunc_t *lhandler)
+Set up the terminal for readline I/O and display the initial
+expanded value of @var{prompt}. Save the value of @var{lhandler} to
+use as a function to call when a complete line of input has been entered.
+The function takes the text of the line as an argument.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_callback_read_char (void)
+Whenever an application determines that keyboard input is available, it
+should call @code{rl_callback_read_char()}, which will read the next
+character from the current input source.
+If that character completes the line, @code{rl_callback_read_char} will
+invoke the @var{lhandler} function saved by @code{rl_callback_handler_install}
+to process the line.
+Before calling the @var{lhandler} function, the terminal settings are
+reset to the values they had before calling
+@code{rl_callback_handler_install}.
+If the @var{lhandler} function returns,
+the terminal settings are modified for Readline's use again.
+@code{EOF} is indicated by calling @var{lhandler} with a
+@code{NULL} line.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_callback_handler_remove (void)
+Restore the terminal to its initial state and remove the line handler.
+This may be called from within a callback as well as independently.
+If the @var{lhandler} installed by @code{rl_callback_handler_install}
+does not exit the program, either this function or the function referred
+to by the value of @code{rl_deprep_term_function} should be called before
+the program exits to reset the terminal settings.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@node A Readline Example
+@subsection A Readline Example
+
+Here is a function which changes lowercase characters to their uppercase
+equivalents, and uppercase characters to lowercase. If
+this function was bound to @samp{M-c}, then typing @samp{M-c} would
+change the case of the character under point. Typing @samp{M-1 0 M-c}
+would change the case of the following 10 characters, leaving the cursor on
+the last character changed.
+
+@example
+/* Invert the case of the COUNT following characters. */
+int
+invert_case_line (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+@{
+ register int start, end, i;
+
+ start = rl_point;
+
+ if (rl_point >= rl_end)
+ return (0);
+
+ if (count < 0)
+ @{
+ direction = -1;
+ count = -count;
+ @}
+ else
+ direction = 1;
+
+ /* Find the end of the range to modify. */
+ end = start + (count * direction);
+
+ /* Force it to be within range. */
+ if (end > rl_end)
+ end = rl_end;
+ else if (end < 0)
+ end = 0;
+
+ if (start == end)
+ return (0);
+
+ if (start > end)
+ @{
+ int temp = start;
+ start = end;
+ end = temp;
+ @}
+
+ /* Tell readline that we are modifying the line,
+ so it will save the undo information. */
+ rl_modifying (start, end);
+
+ for (i = start; i != end; i++)
+ @{
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i]))
+ rl_line_buffer[i] = _rl_to_lower (rl_line_buffer[i]);
+ else if (_rl_lowercase_p (rl_line_buffer[i]))
+ rl_line_buffer[i] = _rl_to_upper (rl_line_buffer[i]);
+ @}
+ /* Move point to on top of the last character changed. */
+ rl_point = (direction == 1) ? end - 1 : start;
+ return (0);
+@}
+@end example
+
+@node Readline Signal Handling
+@section Readline Signal Handling
+
+Signals are asynchronous events sent to a process by the Unix kernel,
+sometimes on behalf of another process. They are intended to indicate
+exceptional events, like a user pressing the interrupt key on his terminal,
+or a network connection being broken. There is a class of signals that can
+be sent to the process currently reading input from the keyboard. Since
+Readline changes the terminal attributes when it is called, it needs to
+perform special processing when such a signal is received in order to
+restore the terminal to a sane state, or provide application writers with
+functions to do so manually.
+
+Readline contains an internal signal handler that is installed for a
+number of signals (@code{SIGINT}, @code{SIGQUIT}, @code{SIGTERM},
+@code{SIGHUP},
+@code{SIGALRM}, @code{SIGTSTP}, @code{SIGTTIN}, and @code{SIGTTOU}).
+When one of these signals is received, the signal handler
+will reset the terminal attributes to those that were in effect before
+@code{readline()} was called, reset the signal handling to what it was
+before @code{readline()} was called, and resend the signal to the calling
+application.
+If and when the calling application's signal handler returns, Readline
+will reinitialize the terminal and continue to accept input.
+When a @code{SIGINT} is received, the Readline signal handler performs
+some additional work, which will cause any partially-entered line to be
+aborted (see the description of @code{rl_free_line_state()} below).
+
+There is an additional Readline signal handler, for @code{SIGWINCH}, which
+the kernel sends to a process whenever the terminal's size changes (for
+example, if a user resizes an @code{xterm}). The Readline @code{SIGWINCH}
+handler updates Readline's internal screen size information, and then calls
+any @code{SIGWINCH} signal handler the calling application has installed.
+Readline calls the application's @code{SIGWINCH} signal handler without
+resetting the terminal to its original state. If the application's signal
+handler does more than update its idea of the terminal size and return (for
+example, a @code{longjmp} back to a main processing loop), it @emph{must}
+call @code{rl_cleanup_after_signal()} (described below), to restore the
+terminal state.
+
+Readline provides two variables that allow application writers to
+control whether or not it will catch certain signals and act on them
+when they are received. It is important that applications change the
+values of these variables only when calling @code{readline()}, not in
+a signal handler, so Readline's internal signal state is not corrupted.
+
+@deftypevar int rl_catch_signals
+If this variable is non-zero, Readline will install signal handlers for
+@code{SIGINT}, @code{SIGQUIT}, @code{SIGTERM}, @code{SIGHUP}, @code{SIGALRM},
+@code{SIGTSTP}, @code{SIGTTIN}, and @code{SIGTTOU}.
+
+The default value of @code{rl_catch_signals} is 1.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_catch_sigwinch
+If this variable is non-zero, Readline will install a signal handler for
+@code{SIGWINCH}.
+
+The default value of @code{rl_catch_sigwinch} is 1.
+@end deftypevar
+
+If an application does not wish to have Readline catch any signals, or
+to handle signals other than those Readline catches (@code{SIGHUP},
+for example),
+Readline provides convenience functions to do the necessary terminal
+and internal state cleanup upon receipt of a signal.
+
+@deftypefun void rl_cleanup_after_signal (void)
+This function will reset the state of the terminal to what it was before
+@code{readline()} was called, and remove the Readline signal handlers for
+all signals, depending on the values of @code{rl_catch_signals} and
+@code{rl_catch_sigwinch}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_free_line_state (void)
+This will free any partial state associated with the current input line
+(undo information, any partial history entry, any partially-entered
+keyboard macro, and any partially-entered numeric argument). This
+should be called before @code{rl_cleanup_after_signal()}. The
+Readline signal handler for @code{SIGINT} calls this to abort the
+current input line.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_reset_after_signal (void)
+This will reinitialize the terminal and reinstall any Readline signal
+handlers, depending on the values of @code{rl_catch_signals} and
+@code{rl_catch_sigwinch}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+If an application does not wish Readline to catch @code{SIGWINCH}, it may
+call @code{rl_resize_terminal()} or @code{rl_set_screen_size()} to force
+Readline to update its idea of the terminal size when a @code{SIGWINCH}
+is received.
+
+@deftypefun void rl_echo_signal_char (int sig)
+If an application wishes to install its own signal handlers, but still
+have readline display characters that generate signals, calling this
+function with @var{sig} set to @code{SIGINT}, @code{SIGQUIT}, or
+@code{SIGTSTP} will display the character generating that signal.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_resize_terminal (void)
+Update Readline's internal screen size by reading values from the kernel.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_set_screen_size (int rows, int cols)
+Set Readline's idea of the terminal size to @var{rows} rows and
+@var{cols} columns. If either @var{rows} or @var{columns} is less than
+or equal to 0, Readline's idea of that terminal dimension is unchanged.
+@end deftypefun
+
+If an application does not want to install a @code{SIGWINCH} handler, but
+is still interested in the screen dimensions, Readline's idea of the screen
+size may be queried.
+
+@deftypefun void rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *cols)
+Return Readline's idea of the terminal's size in the
+variables pointed to by the arguments.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun void rl_reset_screen_size (void)
+Cause Readline to reobtain the screen size and recalculate its dimensions.
+@end deftypefun
+
+The following functions install and remove Readline's signal handlers.
+
+@deftypefun int rl_set_signals (void)
+Install Readline's signal handler for @code{SIGINT}, @code{SIGQUIT},
+@code{SIGTERM}, @code{SIGHUP}, @code{SIGALRM}, @code{SIGTSTP}, @code{SIGTTIN},
+@code{SIGTTOU}, and @code{SIGWINCH}, depending on the values of
+@code{rl_catch_signals} and @code{rl_catch_sigwinch}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_clear_signals (void)
+Remove all of the Readline signal handlers installed by
+@code{rl_set_signals()}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@node Custom Completers
+@section Custom Completers
+@cindex application-specific completion functions
+
+Typically, a program that reads commands from the user has a way of
+disambiguating commands and data. If your program is one of these, then
+it can provide completion for commands, data, or both.
+The following sections describe how your program and Readline
+cooperate to provide this service.
+
+@menu
+* How Completing Works:: The logic used to do completion.
+* Completion Functions:: Functions provided by Readline.
+* Completion Variables:: Variables which control completion.
+* A Short Completion Example:: An example of writing completer subroutines.
+@end menu
+
+@node How Completing Works
+@subsection How Completing Works
+
+In order to complete some text, the full list of possible completions
+must be available. That is, it is not possible to accurately
+expand a partial word without knowing all of the possible words
+which make sense in that context. The Readline library provides
+the user interface to completion, and two of the most common
+completion functions: filename and username. For completing other types
+of text, you must write your own completion function. This section
+describes exactly what such functions must do, and provides an example.
+
+There are three major functions used to perform completion:
+
+@enumerate
+@item
+The user-interface function @code{rl_complete()}. This function is
+called with the same arguments as other bindable Readline functions:
+@var{count} and @var{invoking_key}.
+It isolates the word to be completed and calls
+@code{rl_completion_matches()} to generate a list of possible completions.
+It then either lists the possible completions, inserts the possible
+completions, or actually performs the
+completion, depending on which behavior is desired.
+
+@item
+The internal function @code{rl_completion_matches()} uses an
+application-supplied @dfn{generator} function to generate the list of
+possible matches, and then returns the array of these matches.
+The caller should place the address of its generator function in
+@code{rl_completion_entry_function}.
+
+@item
+The generator function is called repeatedly from
+@code{rl_completion_matches()}, returning a string each time. The
+arguments to the generator function are @var{text} and @var{state}.
+@var{text} is the partial word to be completed. @var{state} is zero the
+first time the function is called, allowing the generator to perform
+any necessary initialization, and a positive non-zero integer for
+each subsequent call. The generator function returns
+@code{(char *)NULL} to inform @code{rl_completion_matches()} that there are
+no more possibilities left. Usually the generator function computes the
+list of possible completions when @var{state} is zero, and returns them
+one at a time on subsequent calls. Each string the generator function
+returns as a match must be allocated with @code{malloc()}; Readline
+frees the strings when it has finished with them.
+Such a generator function is referred to as an
+@dfn{application-specific completion function}.
+
+@end enumerate
+
+@deftypefun int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key)
+Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the function
+that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm (see
+@code{rl_completion_matches()}). The default is to do filename completion.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypevar {rl_compentry_func_t *} rl_completion_entry_function
+This is a pointer to the generator function for
+@code{rl_completion_matches()}.
+If the value of @code{rl_completion_entry_function} is
+@code{NULL} then the default filename generator
+function, @code{rl_filename_completion_function()}, is used.
+An @dfn{application-specific completion function} is a function whose
+address is assigned to @code{rl_completion_entry_function} and whose
+return values are used to generate possible completions.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@node Completion Functions
+@subsection Completion Functions
+
+Here is the complete list of callable completion functions present in
+Readline.
+
+@deftypefun int rl_complete_internal (int what_to_do)
+Complete the word at or before point. @var{what_to_do} says what to do
+with the completion. A value of @samp{?} means list the possible
+completions. @samp{TAB} means do standard completion. @samp{*} means
+insert all of the possible completions. @samp{!} means to display
+all of the possible completions, if there is more than one, as well as
+performing partial completion. @samp{@@} is similar to @samp{!}, but
+possible completions are not listed if the possible completions share
+a common prefix.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_complete (int ignore, int invoking_key)
+Complete the word at or before point. You have supplied the function
+that does the initial simple matching selection algorithm (see
+@code{rl_completion_matches()} and @code{rl_completion_entry_function}).
+The default is to do filename
+completion. This calls @code{rl_complete_internal()} with an
+argument depending on @var{invoking_key}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_possible_completions (int count, int invoking_key)
+List the possible completions. See description of @code{rl_complete
+()}. This calls @code{rl_complete_internal()} with an argument of
+@samp{?}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_insert_completions (int count, int invoking_key)
+Insert the list of possible completions into the line, deleting the
+partially-completed word. See description of @code{rl_complete()}.
+This calls @code{rl_complete_internal()} with an argument of @samp{*}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int rl_completion_mode (rl_command_func_t *cfunc)
+Returns the apppriate value to pass to @code{rl_complete_internal()}
+depending on whether @var{cfunc} was called twice in succession and
+the values of the @code{show-all-if-ambiguous} and
+@code{show-all-if-unmodified} variables.
+Application-specific completion functions may use this function to present
+the same interface as @code{rl_complete()}.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun {char **} rl_completion_matches (const char *text, rl_compentry_func_t *entry_func)
+Returns an array of strings which is a list of completions for
+@var{text}. If there are no completions, returns @code{NULL}.
+The first entry in the returned array is the substitution for @var{text}.
+The remaining entries are the possible completions. The array is
+terminated with a @code{NULL} pointer.
+
+@var{entry_func} is a function of two args, and returns a
+@code{char *}. The first argument is @var{text}. The second is a
+state argument; it is zero on the first call, and non-zero on subsequent
+calls. @var{entry_func} returns a @code{NULL} pointer to the caller
+when there are no more matches.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun {char *} rl_filename_completion_function (const char *text, int state)
+A generator function for filename completion in the general case.
+@var{text} is a partial filename.
+The Bash source is a useful reference for writing application-specific
+completion functions (the Bash completion functions call this and other
+Readline functions).
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun {char *} rl_username_completion_function (const char *text, int state)
+A completion generator for usernames. @var{text} contains a partial
+username preceded by a random character (usually @samp{~}). As with all
+completion generators, @var{state} is zero on the first call and non-zero
+for subsequent calls.
+@end deftypefun
+
+@node Completion Variables
+@subsection Completion Variables
+
+@deftypevar {rl_compentry_func_t *} rl_completion_entry_function
+A pointer to the generator function for @code{rl_completion_matches()}.
+@code{NULL} means to use @code{rl_filename_completion_function()},
+the default filename completer.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_completion_func_t *} rl_attempted_completion_function
+A pointer to an alternative function to create matches.
+The function is called with @var{text}, @var{start}, and @var{end}.
+@var{start} and @var{end} are indices in @code{rl_line_buffer} defining
+the boundaries of @var{text}, which is a character string.
+If this function exists and returns @code{NULL}, or if this variable is
+set to @code{NULL}, then @code{rl_complete()} will call the value of
+@code{rl_completion_entry_function} to generate matches, otherwise the
+array of strings returned will be used.
+If this function sets the @code{rl_attempted_completion_over}
+variable to a non-zero value, Readline will not perform its default
+completion even if this function returns no matches.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_quote_func_t *} rl_filename_quoting_function
+A pointer to a function that will quote a filename in an
+application-specific fashion. This is called if filename completion is being
+attempted and one of the characters in @code{rl_filename_quote_characters}
+appears in a completed filename. The function is called with
+@var{text}, @var{match_type}, and @var{quote_pointer}. The @var{text}
+is the filename to be quoted. The @var{match_type} is either
+@code{SINGLE_MATCH}, if there is only one completion match, or
+@code{MULT_MATCH}. Some functions use this to decide whether or not to
+insert a closing quote character. The @var{quote_pointer} is a pointer
+to any opening quote character the user typed. Some functions choose
+to reset this character.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_dequote_func_t *} rl_filename_dequoting_function
+A pointer to a function that will remove application-specific quoting
+characters from a filename before completion is attempted, so those
+characters do not interfere with matching the text against names in
+the filesystem. It is called with @var{text}, the text of the word
+to be dequoted, and @var{quote_char}, which is the quoting character
+that delimits the filename (usually @samp{'} or @samp{"}). If
+@var{quote_char} is zero, the filename was not in an embedded string.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_linebuf_func_t *} rl_char_is_quoted_p
+A pointer to a function to call that determines whether or not a specific
+character in the line buffer is quoted, according to whatever quoting
+mechanism the program calling Readline uses. The function is called with
+two arguments: @var{text}, the text of the line, and @var{index}, the
+index of the character in the line. It is used to decide whether a
+character found in @code{rl_completer_word_break_characters} should be
+used to break words for the completer.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_compignore_func_t *} rl_ignore_some_completions_function
+This function, if defined, is called by the completer when real filename
+completion is done, after all the matching names have been generated.
+It is passed a @code{NULL} terminated array of matches.
+The first element (@code{matches[0]}) is the
+maximal substring common to all matches. This function can
+re-arrange the list of matches as required, but each element deleted
+from the array must be freed.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_icppfunc_t *} rl_directory_completion_hook
+This function, if defined, is allowed to modify the directory portion
+of filenames Readline completes.
+It could be used to expand symbolic links or shell variables in pathnames.
+It is called with the address of a string (the current directory name) as an
+argument, and may modify that string.
+If the string is replaced with a new string, the old value should be freed.
+Any modified directory name should have a trailing slash.
+The modified value will be used as part of the completion, replacing
+the directory portion of the pathname the user typed.
+At the least, even if no other expansion is performed, this function should
+remove any quote characters from the directory name, because its result will
+be passed directly to @code{opendir()}.
+The directory completion hook returns an integer that should be non-zero if
+the function modifies its directory argument.
+The function should not modify the directory argument if it returns 0.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@ignore
+@deftypevar extern rl_icppfunc_t *rl_directory_rewrite_hook;
+If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call when completing
+a directory name. This function takes the address of the directory name
+to be modified as an argument. Unlike @code{rl_directory_completion_hook},
+it only modifies the directory name used in @code{opendir}, not what is
+displayed when the possible completions are printed or inserted. It is
+called before rl_directory_completion_hook.
+
+I'm not happy with how this works yet, so it's undocumented.
+@end deftypevar
+@end ignore
+
+@deftypevar {rl_dequote_func_t *} rl_filename_rewrite_hook
+If non-zero, this is the address of a function called when reading
+directory entries from the filesystem for completion and comparing
+them to the partial word to be completed. The function should
+perform any necesary application or system-specific conversion on
+the filename, such as converting between character sets or converting
+from a filesystem format to a character input format.
+The function takes two arguments: @var{fname}, the filename to be converted,
+and @var{fnlen}, its length in bytes.
+It must either return its first argument (if no conversion takes place)
+or the converted filename in newly-allocated memory. The converted
+form is used to compare against the word to be completed, and, if it
+matches, is added to the list of matches. Readline will free the
+allocated string.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_compdisp_func_t *} rl_completion_display_matches_hook
+If non-zero, then this is the address of a function to call when
+completing a word would normally display the list of possible matches.
+This function is called in lieu of Readline displaying the list.
+It takes three arguments:
+(@code{char **}@var{matches}, @code{int} @var{num_matches}, @code{int} @var{max_length})
+where @var{matches} is the array of matching strings,
+@var{num_matches} is the number of strings in that array, and
+@var{max_length} is the length of the longest string in that array.
+Readline provides a convenience function, @code{rl_display_match_list},
+that takes care of doing the display to Readline's output stream. That
+function may be called from this hook.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {const char *} rl_basic_word_break_characters
+The basic list of characters that signal a break between words for the
+completer routine. The default value of this variable is the characters
+which break words for completion in Bash:
+@code{" \t\n\"\\'`@@$><=;|&@{("}.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {const char *} rl_basic_quote_characters
+A list of quote characters which can cause a word break.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {const char *} rl_completer_word_break_characters
+The list of characters that signal a break between words for
+@code{rl_complete_internal()}. The default list is the value of
+@code{rl_basic_word_break_characters}.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {rl_cpvfunc_t *} rl_completion_word_break_hook
+If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call when Readline is
+deciding where to separate words for word completion. It should return
+a character string like @code{rl_completer_word_break_characters} to be
+used to perform the current completion. The function may choose to set
+@code{rl_completer_word_break_characters} itself. If the function
+returns @code{NULL}, @code{rl_completer_word_break_characters} is used.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {const char *} rl_completer_quote_characters
+A list of characters which can be used to quote a substring of the line.
+Completion occurs on the entire substring, and within the substring
+@code{rl_completer_word_break_characters} are treated as any other character,
+unless they also appear within this list.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {const char *} rl_filename_quote_characters
+A list of characters that cause a filename to be quoted by the completer
+when they appear in a completed filename. The default is the null string.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {const char *} rl_special_prefixes
+The list of characters that are word break characters, but should be
+left in @var{text} when it is passed to the completion function.
+Programs can use this to help determine what kind of completing to do.
+For instance, Bash sets this variable to "$@@" so that it can complete
+shell variables and hostnames.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_completion_query_items
+Up to this many items will be displayed in response to a
+possible-completions call. After that, readline asks the user if she is sure
+she wants to see them all. The default value is 100. A negative value
+indicates that Readline should never ask the user.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar {int} rl_completion_append_character
+When a single completion alternative matches at the end of the command
+line, this character is appended to the inserted completion text. The
+default is a space character (@samp{ }). Setting this to the null
+character (@samp{\0}) prevents anything being appended automatically.
+This can be changed in application-specific completion functions to
+provide the ``most sensible word separator character'' according to
+an application-specific command line syntax specification.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_completion_suppress_append
+If non-zero, @var{rl_completion_append_character} is not appended to
+matches at the end of the command line, as described above.
+It is set to 0 before any application-specific completion function
+is called, and may only be changed within such a function.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_completion_quote_character
+When Readline is completing quoted text, as delimited by one of the
+characters in @var{rl_completer_quote_characters}, it sets this variable
+to the quoting character found.
+This is set before any application-specific completion function is called.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_completion_suppress_quote
+If non-zero, Readline does not append a matching quote character when
+performing completion on a quoted string.
+It is set to 0 before any application-specific completion function
+is called, and may only be changed within such a function.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_completion_found_quote
+When Readline is completing quoted text, it sets this variable
+to a non-zero value if the word being completed contains or is delimited
+by any quoting characters, including backslashes.
+This is set before any application-specific completion function is called.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs
+If non-zero, a slash will be appended to completed filenames that are
+symbolic links to directory names, subject to the value of the
+user-settable @var{mark-directories} variable.
+This variable exists so that application-specific completion functions
+can override the user's global preference (set via the
+@var{mark-symlinked-directories} Readline variable) if appropriate.
+This variable is set to the user's preference before any
+application-specific completion function is called, so unless that
+function modifies the value, the user's preferences are honored.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_ignore_completion_duplicates
+If non-zero, then duplicates in the matches are removed.
+The default is 1.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_filename_completion_desired
+Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be treated as
+filenames. This is @emph{always} zero when completion is attempted,
+and can only be changed
+within an application-specific completion function. If it is set to a
+non-zero value by such a function, directory names have a slash appended
+and Readline attempts to quote completed filenames if they contain any
+characters in @code{rl_filename_quote_characters} and
+@code{rl_filename_quoting_desired} is set to a non-zero value.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_filename_quoting_desired
+Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be quoted using
+double quotes (or an application-specific quoting mechanism) if the
+completed filename contains any characters in
+@code{rl_filename_quote_chars}. This is @emph{always} non-zero
+when completion is attempted, and can only be changed within an
+application-specific completion function.
+The quoting is effected via a call to the function pointed to
+by @code{rl_filename_quoting_function}.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_attempted_completion_over
+If an application-specific completion function assigned to
+@code{rl_attempted_completion_function} sets this variable to a non-zero
+value, Readline will not perform its default filename completion even
+if the application's completion function returns no matches.
+It should be set only by an application's completion function.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_sort_completion_matches
+If an application sets this variable to 0, Readline will not sort the
+list of completions (which implies that it cannot remove any duplicate
+completions). The default value is 1, which means that Readline will
+sort the completions and, depending on the value of
+@code{rl_ignore_completion_duplicates}, will attempt to remove duplicate
+matches.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_completion_type
+Set to a character describing the type of completion Readline is currently
+attempting; see the description of @code{rl_complete_internal()}
+(@pxref{Completion Functions}) for the list of characters.
+This is set to the appropriate value before any application-specific
+completion function is called, allowing such functions to present
+the same interface as @code{rl_complete()}.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_completion_invoking_key
+Set to the final character in the key sequence that invoked one of the
+completion functions that call @code{rl_complete_internal()}. This is
+set to the appropriate value before any application-specific completion
+function is called.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@deftypevar int rl_inhibit_completion
+If this variable is non-zero, completion is inhibited. The completion
+character will be inserted as any other bound to @code{self-insert}.
+@end deftypevar
+
+@node A Short Completion Example
+@subsection A Short Completion Example
+
+Here is a small application demonstrating the use of the GNU Readline
+library. It is called @code{fileman}, and the source code resides in
+@file{examples/fileman.c}. This sample application provides
+completion of command names, line editing features, and access to the
+history list.
+
+@page
+@smallexample
+/* fileman.c -- A tiny application which demonstrates how to use the
+ GNU Readline library. This application interactively allows users
+ to manipulate files and their modes. */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+# include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_FILE_H
+# include <sys/file.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_STRING_H)
+# include <string.h>
+#else /* !HAVE_STRING_H */
+# include <strings.h>
+#endif /* !HAVE_STRING_H */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
+# include <stdlib.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <readline/readline.h>
+#include <readline/history.h>
+
+extern char *xmalloc PARAMS((size_t));
+
+/* The names of functions that actually do the manipulation. */
+int com_list PARAMS((char *));
+int com_view PARAMS((char *));
+int com_rename PARAMS((char *));
+int com_stat PARAMS((char *));
+int com_pwd PARAMS((char *));
+int com_delete PARAMS((char *));
+int com_help PARAMS((char *));
+int com_cd PARAMS((char *));
+int com_quit PARAMS((char *));
+
+/* A structure which contains information on the commands this program
+ can understand. */
+
+typedef struct @{
+ char *name; /* User printable name of the function. */
+ rl_icpfunc_t *func; /* Function to call to do the job. */
+ char *doc; /* Documentation for this function. */
+@} COMMAND;
+
+COMMAND commands[] = @{
+ @{ "cd", com_cd, "Change to directory DIR" @},
+ @{ "delete", com_delete, "Delete FILE" @},
+ @{ "help", com_help, "Display this text" @},
+ @{ "?", com_help, "Synonym for `help'" @},
+ @{ "list", com_list, "List files in DIR" @},
+ @{ "ls", com_list, "Synonym for `list'" @},
+ @{ "pwd", com_pwd, "Print the current working directory" @},
+ @{ "quit", com_quit, "Quit using Fileman" @},
+ @{ "rename", com_rename, "Rename FILE to NEWNAME" @},
+ @{ "stat", com_stat, "Print out statistics on FILE" @},
+ @{ "view", com_view, "View the contents of FILE" @},
+ @{ (char *)NULL, (rl_icpfunc_t *)NULL, (char *)NULL @}
+@};
+
+/* Forward declarations. */
+char *stripwhite ();
+COMMAND *find_command ();
+
+/* The name of this program, as taken from argv[0]. */
+char *progname;
+
+/* When non-zero, this global means the user is done using this program. */
+int done;
+
+char *
+dupstr (s)
+ char *s;
+@{
+ char *r;
+
+ r = xmalloc (strlen (s) + 1);
+ strcpy (r, s);
+ return (r);
+@}
+
+main (argc, argv)
+ int argc;
+ char **argv;
+@{
+ char *line, *s;
+
+ progname = argv[0];
+
+ initialize_readline (); /* Bind our completer. */
+
+ /* Loop reading and executing lines until the user quits. */
+ for ( ; done == 0; )
+ @{
+ line = readline ("FileMan: ");
+
+ if (!line)
+ break;
+
+ /* Remove leading and trailing whitespace from the line.
+ Then, if there is anything left, add it to the history list
+ and execute it. */
+ s = stripwhite (line);
+
+ if (*s)
+ @{
+ add_history (s);
+ execute_line (s);
+ @}
+
+ free (line);
+ @}
+ exit (0);
+@}
+
+/* Execute a command line. */
+int
+execute_line (line)
+ char *line;
+@{
+ register int i;
+ COMMAND *command;
+ char *word;
+
+ /* Isolate the command word. */
+ i = 0;
+ while (line[i] && whitespace (line[i]))
+ i++;
+ word = line + i;
+
+ while (line[i] && !whitespace (line[i]))
+ i++;
+
+ if (line[i])
+ line[i++] = '\0';
+
+ command = find_command (word);
+
+ if (!command)
+ @{
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s: No such command for FileMan.\n", word);
+ return (-1);
+ @}
+
+ /* Get argument to command, if any. */
+ while (whitespace (line[i]))
+ i++;
+
+ word = line + i;
+
+ /* Call the function. */
+ return ((*(command->func)) (word));
+@}
+
+/* Look up NAME as the name of a command, and return a pointer to that
+ command. Return a NULL pointer if NAME isn't a command name. */
+COMMAND *
+find_command (name)
+ char *name;
+@{
+ register int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++)
+ if (strcmp (name, commands[i].name) == 0)
+ return (&commands[i]);
+
+ return ((COMMAND *)NULL);
+@}
+
+/* Strip whitespace from the start and end of STRING. Return a pointer
+ into STRING. */
+char *
+stripwhite (string)
+ char *string;
+@{
+ register char *s, *t;
+
+ for (s = string; whitespace (*s); s++)
+ ;
+
+ if (*s == 0)
+ return (s);
+
+ t = s + strlen (s) - 1;
+ while (t > s && whitespace (*t))
+ t--;
+ *++t = '\0';
+
+ return s;
+@}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Interface to Readline Completion */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+char *command_generator PARAMS((const char *, int));
+char **fileman_completion PARAMS((const char *, int, int));
+
+/* Tell the GNU Readline library how to complete. We want to try to complete
+ on command names if this is the first word in the line, or on filenames
+ if not. */
+initialize_readline ()
+@{
+ /* Allow conditional parsing of the ~/.inputrc file. */
+ rl_readline_name = "FileMan";
+
+ /* Tell the completer that we want a crack first. */
+ rl_attempted_completion_function = fileman_completion;
+@}
+
+/* Attempt to complete on the contents of TEXT. START and END bound the
+ region of rl_line_buffer that contains the word to complete. TEXT is
+ the word to complete. We can use the entire contents of rl_line_buffer
+ in case we want to do some simple parsing. Return the array of matches,
+ or NULL if there aren't any. */
+char **
+fileman_completion (text, start, end)
+ const char *text;
+ int start, end;
+@{
+ char **matches;
+
+ matches = (char **)NULL;
+
+ /* If this word is at the start of the line, then it is a command
+ to complete. Otherwise it is the name of a file in the current
+ directory. */
+ if (start == 0)
+ matches = rl_completion_matches (text, command_generator);
+
+ return (matches);
+@}
+
+/* Generator function for command completion. STATE lets us know whether
+ to start from scratch; without any state (i.e. STATE == 0), then we
+ start at the top of the list. */
+char *
+command_generator (text, state)
+ const char *text;
+ int state;
+@{
+ static int list_index, len;
+ char *name;
+
+ /* If this is a new word to complete, initialize now. This includes
+ saving the length of TEXT for efficiency, and initializing the index
+ variable to 0. */
+ if (!state)
+ @{
+ list_index = 0;
+ len = strlen (text);
+ @}
+
+ /* Return the next name which partially matches from the command list. */
+ while (name = commands[list_index].name)
+ @{
+ list_index++;
+
+ if (strncmp (name, text, len) == 0)
+ return (dupstr(name));
+ @}
+
+ /* If no names matched, then return NULL. */
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+@}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* FileMan Commands */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* String to pass to system (). This is for the LIST, VIEW and RENAME
+ commands. */
+static char syscom[1024];
+
+/* List the file(s) named in arg. */
+com_list (arg)
+ char *arg;
+@{
+ if (!arg)
+ arg = "";
+
+ sprintf (syscom, "ls -FClg %s", arg);
+ return (system (syscom));
+@}
+
+com_view (arg)
+ char *arg;
+@{
+ if (!valid_argument ("view", arg))
+ return 1;
+
+#if defined (__MSDOS__)
+ /* more.com doesn't grok slashes in pathnames */
+ sprintf (syscom, "less %s", arg);
+#else
+ sprintf (syscom, "more %s", arg);
+#endif
+ return (system (syscom));
+@}
+
+com_rename (arg)
+ char *arg;
+@{
+ too_dangerous ("rename");
+ return (1);
+@}
+
+com_stat (arg)
+ char *arg;
+@{
+ struct stat finfo;
+
+ if (!valid_argument ("stat", arg))
+ return (1);
+
+ if (stat (arg, &finfo) == -1)
+ @{
+ perror (arg);
+ return (1);
+ @}
+
+ printf ("Statistics for `%s':\n", arg);
+
+ printf ("%s has %d link%s, and is %d byte%s in length.\n",
+ arg,
+ finfo.st_nlink,
+ (finfo.st_nlink == 1) ? "" : "s",
+ finfo.st_size,
+ (finfo.st_size == 1) ? "" : "s");
+ printf ("Inode Last Change at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_ctime));
+ printf (" Last access at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_atime));
+ printf (" Last modified at: %s", ctime (&finfo.st_mtime));
+ return (0);
+@}
+
+com_delete (arg)
+ char *arg;
+@{
+ too_dangerous ("delete");
+ return (1);
+@}
+
+/* Print out help for ARG, or for all of the commands if ARG is
+ not present. */
+com_help (arg)
+ char *arg;
+@{
+ register int i;
+ int printed = 0;
+
+ for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++)
+ @{
+ if (!*arg || (strcmp (arg, commands[i].name) == 0))
+ @{
+ printf ("%s\t\t%s.\n", commands[i].name, commands[i].doc);
+ printed++;
+ @}
+ @}
+
+ if (!printed)
+ @{
+ printf ("No commands match `%s'. Possibilties are:\n", arg);
+
+ for (i = 0; commands[i].name; i++)
+ @{
+ /* Print in six columns. */
+ if (printed == 6)
+ @{
+ printed = 0;
+ printf ("\n");
+ @}
+
+ printf ("%s\t", commands[i].name);
+ printed++;
+ @}
+
+ if (printed)
+ printf ("\n");
+ @}
+ return (0);
+@}
+
+/* Change to the directory ARG. */
+com_cd (arg)
+ char *arg;
+@{
+ if (chdir (arg) == -1)
+ @{
+ perror (arg);
+ return 1;
+ @}
+
+ com_pwd ("");
+ return (0);
+@}
+
+/* Print out the current working directory. */
+com_pwd (ignore)
+ char *ignore;
+@{
+ char dir[1024], *s;
+
+ s = getcwd (dir, sizeof(dir) - 1);
+ if (s == 0)
+ @{
+ printf ("Error getting pwd: %s\n", dir);
+ return 1;
+ @}
+
+ printf ("Current directory is %s\n", dir);
+ return 0;
+@}
+
+/* The user wishes to quit using this program. Just set DONE non-zero. */
+com_quit (arg)
+ char *arg;
+@{
+ done = 1;
+ return (0);
+@}
+
+/* Function which tells you that you can't do this. */
+too_dangerous (caller)
+ char *caller;
+@{
+ fprintf (stderr,
+ "%s: Too dangerous for me to distribute. Write it yourself.\n",
+ caller);
+@}
+
+/* Return non-zero if ARG is a valid argument for CALLER, else print
+ an error message and return zero. */
+int
+valid_argument (caller, arg)
+ char *caller, *arg;
+@{
+ if (!arg || !*arg)
+ @{
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s: Argument required.\n", caller);
+ return (0);
+ @}
+
+ return (1);
+@}
+@end smallexample
@set EDITION 6.2
@set VERSION 6.2
-@set UPDATED September 6 2010
-@set UPDATED-MONTH September 2010
+@set UPDATED October 2 2011
+@set UPDATED-MONTH October 2011
-@set LASTCHANGE Mon Sep 6 22:07:10 EDT 2010
+@set LASTCHANGE Sun Oct 2 15:54:47 EDT 2011
--- /dev/null
+@ignore
+Copyright (C) 1988-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@end ignore
+
+@set EDITION 6.2
+@set VERSION 6.2
+@set UPDATED September 6 2010
+@set UPDATED-MONTH September 2010
+
+@set LASTCHANGE Mon Sep 6 22:07:10 EDT 2010
it in bash to see how well it goes. */
extern rl_icppfunc_t *rl_directory_rewrite_hook;
+/* If non-zero, this is the address of a function for the completer to call
+ before deciding which character to append to a completed name. It should
+ modify the directory name passed as an argument if appropriate, and return
+ non-zero if it modifies the name. This should not worry about dequoting
+ the filename; that has already happened by the time it gets here. */
+extern rl_icppfunc_t *rl_filename_stat_hook;
+
/* If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call when reading
directory entries from the filesystem for completion and comparing
them to the partial word to be completed. The function should
--- /dev/null
+/* parse.y - Yacc grammar for bash. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+%{
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "bashansi.h"
+
+#include "filecntl.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HAVE_LOCALE_H)
+# include <locale.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "chartypes.h"
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#include "memalloc.h"
+
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+#define NEED_STRFTIME_DECL /* used in externs.h */
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "trap.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "parser.h"
+#include "mailcheck.h"
+#include "test.h"
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "builtins/common.h"
+#include "builtins/builtext.h"
+
+#include "shmbutil.h"
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+# include "bashline.h"
+# include <readline/readline.h>
+#endif /* READLINE */
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+# include "bashhist.h"
+# include <readline/history.h>
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+# include "jobs.h"
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+# include "alias.h"
+#else
+typedef void *alias_t;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+#if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE)
+# ifndef _MINIX
+# include <sys/param.h>
+# endif
+# include <time.h>
+# if defined (TM_IN_SYS_TIME)
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# include <sys/time.h>
+# endif /* TM_IN_SYS_TIME */
+# include "maxpath.h"
+#endif /* PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */
+
+#define RE_READ_TOKEN -99
+#define NO_EXPANSION -100
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+# define YYDEBUG 1
+#else
+# define YYDEBUG 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+# define last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte \
+ ((shell_input_line_index > 1) \
+ ? shell_input_line_property[shell_input_line_index - 1] \
+ : 1)
+# define MBTEST(x) ((x) && last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte)
+#else
+# define last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte 1
+# define MBTEST(x) ((x))
+#endif
+
+#if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB)
+extern int extended_glob;
+#endif
+
+extern int eof_encountered;
+extern int no_line_editing, running_under_emacs;
+extern int current_command_number;
+extern int sourcelevel, parse_and_execute_level;
+extern int posixly_correct;
+extern int last_command_exit_value;
+extern pid_t last_command_subst_pid;
+extern char *shell_name, *current_host_name;
+extern char *dist_version;
+extern int patch_level;
+extern int dump_translatable_strings, dump_po_strings;
+extern sh_builtin_func_t *last_shell_builtin, *this_shell_builtin;
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+extern int bash_input_fd_changed;
+#endif
+
+extern int errno;
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* "Forward" declarations */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static void debug_parser __P((int));
+#endif
+
+static int yy_getc __P((void));
+static int yy_ungetc __P((int));
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+static int yy_readline_get __P((void));
+static int yy_readline_unget __P((int));
+#endif
+
+static int yy_string_get __P((void));
+static int yy_string_unget __P((int));
+static void rewind_input_string __P((void));
+static int yy_stream_get __P((void));
+static int yy_stream_unget __P((int));
+
+static int shell_getc __P((int));
+static void shell_ungetc __P((int));
+static void discard_until __P((int));
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+static void push_string __P((char *, int, alias_t *));
+static void pop_string __P((void));
+static void free_string_list __P((void));
+#endif
+
+static char *read_a_line __P((int));
+
+static int reserved_word_acceptable __P((int));
+static int yylex __P((void));
+static int alias_expand_token __P((char *));
+static int time_command_acceptable __P((void));
+static int special_case_tokens __P((char *));
+static int read_token __P((int));
+static char *parse_matched_pair __P((int, int, int, int *, int));
+static char *parse_comsub __P((int, int, int, int *, int));
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static char *parse_compound_assignment __P((int *));
+#endif
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+static int parse_dparen __P((int));
+static int parse_arith_cmd __P((char **, int));
+#endif
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+static void cond_error __P((void));
+static COND_COM *cond_expr __P((void));
+static COND_COM *cond_or __P((void));
+static COND_COM *cond_and __P((void));
+static COND_COM *cond_term __P((void));
+static int cond_skip_newlines __P((void));
+static COMMAND *parse_cond_command __P((void));
+#endif
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static int token_is_assignment __P((char *, int));
+static int token_is_ident __P((char *, int));
+#endif
+static int read_token_word __P((int));
+static void discard_parser_constructs __P((int));
+
+static char *error_token_from_token __P((int));
+static char *error_token_from_text __P((void));
+static void print_offending_line __P((void));
+static void report_syntax_error __P((char *));
+
+static void handle_eof_input_unit __P((void));
+static void prompt_again __P((void));
+#if 0
+static void reset_readline_prompt __P((void));
+#endif
+static void print_prompt __P((void));
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+static void set_line_mbstate __P((void));
+static char *shell_input_line_property = NULL;
+#else
+# define set_line_mbstate()
+#endif
+
+extern int yyerror __P((const char *));
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+extern int yydebug;
+#endif
+
+/* Default prompt strings */
+char *primary_prompt = PPROMPT;
+char *secondary_prompt = SPROMPT;
+
+/* PROMPT_STRING_POINTER points to one of these, never to an actual string. */
+char *ps1_prompt, *ps2_prompt;
+
+/* Handle on the current prompt string. Indirectly points through
+ ps1_ or ps2_prompt. */
+char **prompt_string_pointer = (char **)NULL;
+char *current_prompt_string;
+
+/* Non-zero means we expand aliases in commands. */
+int expand_aliases = 0;
+
+/* If non-zero, the decoded prompt string undergoes parameter and
+ variable substitution, command substitution, arithmetic substitution,
+ string expansion, process substitution, and quote removal in
+ decode_prompt_string. */
+int promptvars = 1;
+
+/* If non-zero, $'...' and $"..." are expanded when they appear within
+ a ${...} expansion, even when the expansion appears within double
+ quotes. */
+int extended_quote = 1;
+
+/* The number of lines read from input while creating the current command. */
+int current_command_line_count;
+
+/* The number of lines in a command saved while we run parse_and_execute */
+int saved_command_line_count;
+
+/* The token that currently denotes the end of parse. */
+int shell_eof_token;
+
+/* The token currently being read. */
+int current_token;
+
+/* The current parser state. */
+int parser_state;
+
+/* Variables to manage the task of reading here documents, because we need to
+ defer the reading until after a complete command has been collected. */
+static REDIRECT *redir_stack[10];
+int need_here_doc;
+
+/* Where shell input comes from. History expansion is performed on each
+ line when the shell is interactive. */
+static char *shell_input_line = (char *)NULL;
+static int shell_input_line_index;
+static int shell_input_line_size; /* Amount allocated for shell_input_line. */
+static int shell_input_line_len; /* strlen (shell_input_line) */
+
+/* Either zero or EOF. */
+static int shell_input_line_terminator;
+
+/* The line number in a script on which a function definition starts. */
+static int function_dstart;
+
+/* The line number in a script on which a function body starts. */
+static int function_bstart;
+
+/* The line number in a script at which an arithmetic for command starts. */
+static int arith_for_lineno;
+
+/* The decoded prompt string. Used if READLINE is not defined or if
+ editing is turned off. Analogous to current_readline_prompt. */
+static char *current_decoded_prompt;
+
+/* The last read token, or NULL. read_token () uses this for context
+ checking. */
+static int last_read_token;
+
+/* The token read prior to last_read_token. */
+static int token_before_that;
+
+/* The token read prior to token_before_that. */
+static int two_tokens_ago;
+
+static int global_extglob;
+
+/* The line number in a script where the word in a `case WORD', `select WORD'
+ or `for WORD' begins. This is a nested command maximum, since the array
+ index is decremented after a case, select, or for command is parsed. */
+#define MAX_CASE_NEST 128
+static int word_lineno[MAX_CASE_NEST];
+static int word_top = -1;
+
+/* If non-zero, it is the token that we want read_token to return
+ regardless of what text is (or isn't) present to be read. This
+ is reset by read_token. If token_to_read == WORD or
+ ASSIGNMENT_WORD, yylval.word should be set to word_desc_to_read. */
+static int token_to_read;
+static WORD_DESC *word_desc_to_read;
+
+static REDIRECTEE source;
+static REDIRECTEE redir;
+%}
+
+%union {
+ WORD_DESC *word; /* the word that we read. */
+ int number; /* the number that we read. */
+ WORD_LIST *word_list;
+ COMMAND *command;
+ REDIRECT *redirect;
+ ELEMENT element;
+ PATTERN_LIST *pattern;
+}
+
+/* Reserved words. Members of the first group are only recognized
+ in the case that they are preceded by a list_terminator. Members
+ of the second group are for [[...]] commands. Members of the
+ third group are recognized only under special circumstances. */
+%token IF THEN ELSE ELIF FI CASE ESAC FOR SELECT WHILE UNTIL DO DONE FUNCTION COPROC
+%token COND_START COND_END COND_ERROR
+%token IN BANG TIME TIMEOPT TIMEIGN
+
+/* More general tokens. yylex () knows how to make these. */
+%token <word> WORD ASSIGNMENT_WORD REDIR_WORD
+%token <number> NUMBER
+%token <word_list> ARITH_CMD ARITH_FOR_EXPRS
+%token <command> COND_CMD
+%token AND_AND OR_OR GREATER_GREATER LESS_LESS LESS_AND LESS_LESS_LESS
+%token GREATER_AND SEMI_SEMI SEMI_AND SEMI_SEMI_AND
+%token LESS_LESS_MINUS AND_GREATER AND_GREATER_GREATER LESS_GREATER
+%token GREATER_BAR BAR_AND
+
+/* The types that the various syntactical units return. */
+
+%type <command> inputunit command pipeline pipeline_command
+%type <command> list list0 list1 compound_list simple_list simple_list1
+%type <command> simple_command shell_command
+%type <command> for_command select_command case_command group_command
+%type <command> arith_command
+%type <command> cond_command
+%type <command> arith_for_command
+%type <command> coproc
+%type <command> function_def function_body if_command elif_clause subshell
+%type <redirect> redirection redirection_list
+%type <element> simple_command_element
+%type <word_list> word_list pattern
+%type <pattern> pattern_list case_clause_sequence case_clause
+%type <number> timespec
+%type <number> list_terminator
+
+%start inputunit
+
+%left '&' ';' '\n' yacc_EOF
+%left AND_AND OR_OR
+%right '|' BAR_AND
+%%
+
+inputunit: simple_list simple_list_terminator
+ {
+ /* Case of regular command. Discard the error
+ safety net,and return the command just parsed. */
+ global_command = $1;
+ eof_encountered = 0;
+ /* discard_parser_constructs (0); */
+ if (parser_state & PST_CMDSUBST)
+ parser_state |= PST_EOFTOKEN;
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ | '\n'
+ {
+ /* Case of regular command, but not a very
+ interesting one. Return a NULL command. */
+ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+ if (parser_state & PST_CMDSUBST)
+ parser_state |= PST_EOFTOKEN;
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ | error '\n'
+ {
+ /* Error during parsing. Return NULL command. */
+ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+ eof_encountered = 0;
+ /* discard_parser_constructs (1); */
+ if (interactive && parse_and_execute_level == 0)
+ {
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ YYABORT;
+ }
+ }
+ | yacc_EOF
+ {
+ /* Case of EOF seen by itself. Do ignoreeof or
+ not. */
+ global_command = (COMMAND *)NULL;
+ handle_eof_input_unit ();
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ ;
+
+word_list: WORD
+ { $$ = make_word_list ($1, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); }
+ | word_list WORD
+ { $$ = make_word_list ($2, $1); }
+ ;
+
+redirection: '>' WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = 1;
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_output_direction, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | '<' WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = 0;
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_input_direction, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | NUMBER '>' WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_output_direction, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | NUMBER '<' WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_input_direction, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD '>' WORD
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_output_direction, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD '<' WORD
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_input_direction, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ }
+ | GREATER_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = 1;
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_appending_to, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_appending_to, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD GREATER_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_appending_to, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ }
+ | GREATER_BAR WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = 1;
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_output_force, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_BAR WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_output_force, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD GREATER_BAR WORD
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_output_force, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ }
+ | LESS_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = 0;
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_input_output, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_input_output, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD LESS_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_input_output, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ }
+ | LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = 0;
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_reading_until, redir, 0);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_reading_until, redir, 0);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_reading_until, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = 0;
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_deblank_reading_until, redir, 0);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_deblank_reading_until, redir, 0);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD LESS_LESS_MINUS WORD
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_deblank_reading_until, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ redir_stack[need_here_doc++] = $$;
+ }
+ | LESS_LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = 0;
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_reading_string, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_reading_string, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD LESS_LESS_LESS WORD
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_reading_string, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ }
+ | LESS_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ source.dest = 0;
+ redir.dest = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_input, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.dest = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_input, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD LESS_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.dest = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_input, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ }
+ | GREATER_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ source.dest = 1;
+ redir.dest = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_output, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.dest = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_output, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD GREATER_AND NUMBER
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.dest = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_output, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ }
+ | LESS_AND WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = 0;
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_input_word, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_AND WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_input_word, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD LESS_AND WORD
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_input_word, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ }
+ | GREATER_AND WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = 1;
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_output_word, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_AND WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_output_word, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD GREATER_AND WORD
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.filename = $3;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_duplicating_output_word, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ }
+ | GREATER_AND '-'
+ {
+ source.dest = 1;
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_close_this, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | NUMBER GREATER_AND '-'
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_close_this, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD GREATER_AND '-'
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_close_this, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ }
+ | LESS_AND '-'
+ {
+ source.dest = 0;
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_close_this, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | NUMBER LESS_AND '-'
+ {
+ source.dest = $1;
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_close_this, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | REDIR_WORD LESS_AND '-'
+ {
+ source.filename = $1;
+ redir.dest = 0;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_close_this, redir, REDIR_VARASSIGN);
+ }
+ | AND_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = 1;
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_err_and_out, redir, 0);
+ }
+ | AND_GREATER_GREATER WORD
+ {
+ source.dest = 1;
+ redir.filename = $2;
+ $$ = make_redirection (source, r_append_err_and_out, redir, 0);
+ }
+ ;
+
+simple_command_element: WORD
+ { $$.word = $1; $$.redirect = 0; }
+ | ASSIGNMENT_WORD
+ { $$.word = $1; $$.redirect = 0; }
+ | redirection
+ { $$.redirect = $1; $$.word = 0; }
+ ;
+
+redirection_list: redirection
+ {
+ $$ = $1;
+ }
+ | redirection_list redirection
+ {
+ register REDIRECT *t;
+
+ for (t = $1; t->next; t = t->next)
+ ;
+ t->next = $2;
+ $$ = $1;
+ }
+ ;
+
+simple_command: simple_command_element
+ { $$ = make_simple_command ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ | simple_command simple_command_element
+ { $$ = make_simple_command ($2, $1); }
+ ;
+
+command: simple_command
+ { $$ = clean_simple_command ($1); }
+ | shell_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | shell_command redirection_list
+ {
+ COMMAND *tc;
+
+ tc = $1;
+ if (tc->redirects)
+ {
+ register REDIRECT *t;
+ for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
+ ;
+ t->next = $2;
+ }
+ else
+ tc->redirects = $2;
+ $$ = $1;
+ }
+ | function_def
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | coproc
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+shell_command: for_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | case_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | WHILE compound_list DO compound_list DONE
+ { $$ = make_while_command ($2, $4); }
+ | UNTIL compound_list DO compound_list DONE
+ { $$ = make_until_command ($2, $4); }
+ | select_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | if_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | subshell
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | group_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | arith_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | cond_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | arith_for_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+for_command: FOR WORD newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD ';' newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD ';' newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list IN list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, (WORD_LIST *)NULL, $8, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR WORD newline_list IN list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_for_command ($2, (WORD_LIST *)NULL, $8, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ ;
+
+arith_for_command: FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS list_terminator newline_list DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $6, arith_for_lineno);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS list_terminator newline_list '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $6, arith_for_lineno);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS DO compound_list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $4, arith_for_lineno);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | FOR ARITH_FOR_EXPRS '{' compound_list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_arith_for_command ($2, $4, arith_for_lineno);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ ;
+
+select_command: SELECT WORD newline_list DO list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD newline_list '{' list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD ';' newline_list DO list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD ';' newline_list '{' list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, add_string_to_list ("\"$@\"", (WORD_LIST *)NULL), $6, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list DO list DONE
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | SELECT WORD newline_list IN word_list list_terminator newline_list '{' list '}'
+ {
+ $$ = make_select_command ($2, REVERSE_LIST ($5, WORD_LIST *), $9, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ ;
+
+case_command: CASE WORD newline_list IN newline_list ESAC
+ {
+ $$ = make_case_command ($2, (PATTERN_LIST *)NULL, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | CASE WORD newline_list IN case_clause_sequence newline_list ESAC
+ {
+ $$ = make_case_command ($2, $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ | CASE WORD newline_list IN case_clause ESAC
+ {
+ $$ = make_case_command ($2, $5, word_lineno[word_top]);
+ if (word_top > 0) word_top--;
+ }
+ ;
+
+function_def: WORD '(' ')' newline_list function_body
+ { $$ = make_function_def ($1, $5, function_dstart, function_bstart); }
+
+ | FUNCTION WORD '(' ')' newline_list function_body
+ { $$ = make_function_def ($2, $6, function_dstart, function_bstart); }
+
+ | FUNCTION WORD newline_list function_body
+ { $$ = make_function_def ($2, $4, function_dstart, function_bstart); }
+ ;
+
+function_body: shell_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | shell_command redirection_list
+ {
+ COMMAND *tc;
+
+ tc = $1;
+ /* According to Posix.2 3.9.5, redirections
+ specified after the body of a function should
+ be attached to the function and performed when
+ the function is executed, not as part of the
+ function definition command. */
+ /* XXX - I don't think it matters, but we might
+ want to change this in the future to avoid
+ problems differentiating between a function
+ definition with a redirection and a function
+ definition containing a single command with a
+ redirection. The two are semantically equivalent,
+ though -- the only difference is in how the
+ command printing code displays the redirections. */
+ if (tc->redirects)
+ {
+ register REDIRECT *t;
+ for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
+ ;
+ t->next = $2;
+ }
+ else
+ tc->redirects = $2;
+ $$ = $1;
+ }
+ ;
+
+subshell: '(' compound_list ')'
+ {
+ $$ = make_subshell_command ($2);
+ $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL;
+ }
+ ;
+
+coproc: COPROC shell_command
+ {
+ $$ = make_coproc_command ("COPROC", $2);
+ $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL;
+ }
+ | COPROC shell_command redirection_list
+ {
+ COMMAND *tc;
+
+ tc = $2;
+ if (tc->redirects)
+ {
+ register REDIRECT *t;
+ for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
+ ;
+ t->next = $3;
+ }
+ else
+ tc->redirects = $3;
+ $$ = make_coproc_command ("COPROC", $2);
+ $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL;
+ }
+ | COPROC WORD shell_command
+ {
+ $$ = make_coproc_command ($2->word, $3);
+ $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL;
+ }
+ | COPROC WORD shell_command redirection_list
+ {
+ COMMAND *tc;
+
+ tc = $3;
+ if (tc->redirects)
+ {
+ register REDIRECT *t;
+ for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
+ ;
+ t->next = $4;
+ }
+ else
+ tc->redirects = $4;
+ $$ = make_coproc_command ($2->word, $3);
+ $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL;
+ }
+ | COPROC simple_command
+ {
+ $$ = make_coproc_command ("COPROC", clean_simple_command ($2));
+ $$->flags |= CMD_WANT_SUBSHELL|CMD_COPROC_SUBSHELL;
+ }
+ ;
+
+if_command: IF compound_list THEN compound_list FI
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ | IF compound_list THEN compound_list ELSE compound_list FI
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $6); }
+ | IF compound_list THEN compound_list elif_clause FI
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $5); }
+ ;
+
+
+group_command: '{' compound_list '}'
+ { $$ = make_group_command ($2); }
+ ;
+
+arith_command: ARITH_CMD
+ { $$ = make_arith_command ($1); }
+ ;
+
+cond_command: COND_START COND_CMD COND_END
+ { $$ = $2; }
+ ;
+
+elif_clause: ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ | ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list ELSE compound_list
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $6); }
+ | ELIF compound_list THEN compound_list elif_clause
+ { $$ = make_if_command ($2, $4, $5); }
+ ;
+
+case_clause: pattern_list
+ | case_clause_sequence pattern_list
+ { $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
+ ;
+
+pattern_list: newline_list pattern ')' compound_list
+ { $$ = make_pattern_list ($2, $4); }
+ | newline_list pattern ')' newline_list
+ { $$ = make_pattern_list ($2, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ | newline_list '(' pattern ')' compound_list
+ { $$ = make_pattern_list ($3, $5); }
+ | newline_list '(' pattern ')' newline_list
+ { $$ = make_pattern_list ($3, (COMMAND *)NULL); }
+ ;
+
+case_clause_sequence: pattern_list SEMI_SEMI
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | case_clause_sequence pattern_list SEMI_SEMI
+ { $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
+ | pattern_list SEMI_AND
+ { $1->flags |= CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH; $$ = $1; }
+ | case_clause_sequence pattern_list SEMI_AND
+ { $2->flags |= CASEPAT_FALLTHROUGH; $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
+ | pattern_list SEMI_SEMI_AND
+ { $1->flags |= CASEPAT_TESTNEXT; $$ = $1; }
+ | case_clause_sequence pattern_list SEMI_SEMI_AND
+ { $2->flags |= CASEPAT_TESTNEXT; $2->next = $1; $$ = $2; }
+ ;
+
+pattern: WORD
+ { $$ = make_word_list ($1, (WORD_LIST *)NULL); }
+ | pattern '|' WORD
+ { $$ = make_word_list ($3, $1); }
+ ;
+
+/* A list allows leading or trailing newlines and
+ newlines as operators (equivalent to semicolons).
+ It must end with a newline or semicolon.
+ Lists are used within commands such as if, for, while. */
+
+list: newline_list list0
+ {
+ $$ = $2;
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+ }
+ ;
+
+compound_list: list
+ | newline_list list1
+ {
+ $$ = $2;
+ }
+ ;
+
+list0: list1 '\n' newline_list
+ | list1 '&' newline_list
+ {
+ if ($1->type == cm_connection)
+ $$ = connect_async_list ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
+ else
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
+ }
+ | list1 ';' newline_list
+
+ ;
+
+list1: list1 AND_AND newline_list list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, AND_AND); }
+ | list1 OR_OR newline_list list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, OR_OR); }
+ | list1 '&' newline_list list1
+ {
+ if ($1->type == cm_connection)
+ $$ = connect_async_list ($1, $4, '&');
+ else
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, '&');
+ }
+ | list1 ';' newline_list list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, ';'); }
+ | list1 '\n' newline_list list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, ';'); }
+ | pipeline_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+simple_list_terminator: '\n'
+ | yacc_EOF
+ ;
+
+list_terminator:'\n'
+ { $$ = '\n'; }
+ | ';'
+ { $$ = ';'; }
+ | yacc_EOF
+ { $$ = yacc_EOF; }
+ ;
+
+newline_list:
+ | newline_list '\n'
+ ;
+
+/* A simple_list is a list that contains no significant newlines
+ and no leading or trailing newlines. Newlines are allowed
+ only following operators, where they are not significant.
+
+ This is what an inputunit consists of. */
+
+simple_list: simple_list1
+ {
+ $$ = $1;
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+ if ((parser_state & PST_CMDSUBST) && current_token == shell_eof_token)
+ {
+ global_command = $1;
+ eof_encountered = 0;
+ rewind_input_string ();
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ }
+ | simple_list1 '&'
+ {
+ if ($1->type == cm_connection)
+ $$ = connect_async_list ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
+ else
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, (COMMAND *)NULL, '&');
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+ if ((parser_state & PST_CMDSUBST) && current_token == shell_eof_token)
+ {
+ global_command = $1;
+ eof_encountered = 0;
+ rewind_input_string ();
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ }
+ | simple_list1 ';'
+ {
+ $$ = $1;
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+ if ((parser_state & PST_CMDSUBST) && current_token == shell_eof_token)
+ {
+ global_command = $1;
+ eof_encountered = 0;
+ rewind_input_string ();
+ YYACCEPT;
+ }
+ }
+ ;
+
+simple_list1: simple_list1 AND_AND newline_list simple_list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, AND_AND); }
+ | simple_list1 OR_OR newline_list simple_list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, OR_OR); }
+ | simple_list1 '&' simple_list1
+ {
+ if ($1->type == cm_connection)
+ $$ = connect_async_list ($1, $3, '&');
+ else
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, $3, '&');
+ }
+ | simple_list1 ';' simple_list1
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $3, ';'); }
+
+ | pipeline_command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+pipeline_command: pipeline
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ | BANG pipeline_command
+ {
+ if ($2)
+ $2->flags ^= CMD_INVERT_RETURN; /* toggle */
+ $$ = $2;
+ }
+ | timespec pipeline_command
+ {
+ if ($2)
+ $2->flags |= $1;
+ $$ = $2;
+ }
+ | timespec list_terminator
+ {
+ ELEMENT x;
+
+ /* Boy, this is unclean. `time' by itself can
+ time a null command. We cheat and push a
+ newline back if the list_terminator was a newline
+ to avoid the double-newline problem (one to
+ terminate this, one to terminate the command) */
+ x.word = 0;
+ x.redirect = 0;
+ $$ = make_simple_command (x, (COMMAND *)NULL);
+ $$->flags |= $1;
+ /* XXX - let's cheat and push a newline back */
+ if ($2 == '\n')
+ token_to_read = '\n';
+ }
+ | BANG list_terminator
+ {
+ ELEMENT x;
+
+ /* This is just as unclean. Posix says that `!'
+ by itself should be equivalent to `false'.
+ We cheat and push a
+ newline back if the list_terminator was a newline
+ to avoid the double-newline problem (one to
+ terminate this, one to terminate the command) */
+ x.word = 0;
+ x.redirect = 0;
+ $$ = make_simple_command (x, (COMMAND *)NULL);
+ $$->flags |= CMD_INVERT_RETURN;
+ /* XXX - let's cheat and push a newline back */
+ if ($2 == '\n')
+ token_to_read = '\n';
+ }
+ ;
+
+pipeline: pipeline '|' newline_list pipeline
+ { $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, '|'); }
+ | pipeline BAR_AND newline_list pipeline
+ {
+ /* Make cmd1 |& cmd2 equivalent to cmd1 2>&1 | cmd2 */
+ COMMAND *tc;
+ REDIRECTEE rd, sd;
+ REDIRECT *r;
+
+ tc = $1->type == cm_simple ? (COMMAND *)$1->value.Simple : $1;
+ sd.dest = 2;
+ rd.dest = 1;
+ r = make_redirection (sd, r_duplicating_output, rd, 0);
+ if (tc->redirects)
+ {
+ register REDIRECT *t;
+ for (t = tc->redirects; t->next; t = t->next)
+ ;
+ t->next = r;
+ }
+ else
+ tc->redirects = r;
+
+ $$ = command_connect ($1, $4, '|');
+ }
+ | command
+ { $$ = $1; }
+ ;
+
+timespec: TIME
+ { $$ = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE; }
+ | TIME TIMEOPT
+ { $$ = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE|CMD_TIME_POSIX; }
+ | TIME TIMEOPT TIMEIGN
+ { $$ = CMD_TIME_PIPELINE|CMD_TIME_POSIX; }
+ ;
+%%
+
+/* Initial size to allocate for tokens, and the
+ amount to grow them by. */
+#define TOKEN_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE 496
+#define TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE 512
+
+/* Should we call prompt_again? */
+#define SHOULD_PROMPT() \
+ (interactive && (bash_input.type == st_stdin || bash_input.type == st_stream))
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+# define expanding_alias() (pushed_string_list && pushed_string_list->expander)
+#else
+# define expanding_alias() 0
+#endif
+
+/* Global var is non-zero when end of file has been reached. */
+int EOF_Reached = 0;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static void
+debug_parser (i)
+ int i;
+{
+#if YYDEBUG != 0
+ yydebug = i;
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+/* yy_getc () returns the next available character from input or EOF.
+ yy_ungetc (c) makes `c' the next character to read.
+ init_yy_io (get, unget, type, location) makes the function GET the
+ installed function for getting the next character, makes UNGET the
+ installed function for un-getting a character, sets the type of stream
+ (either string or file) from TYPE, and makes LOCATION point to where
+ the input is coming from. */
+
+/* Unconditionally returns end-of-file. */
+int
+return_EOF ()
+{
+ return (EOF);
+}
+
+/* Variable containing the current get and unget functions.
+ See ./input.h for a clearer description. */
+BASH_INPUT bash_input;
+
+/* Set all of the fields in BASH_INPUT to NULL. Free bash_input.name if it
+ is non-null, avoiding a memory leak. */
+void
+initialize_bash_input ()
+{
+ bash_input.type = st_none;
+ FREE (bash_input.name);
+ bash_input.name = (char *)NULL;
+ bash_input.location.file = (FILE *)NULL;
+ bash_input.location.string = (char *)NULL;
+ bash_input.getter = (sh_cget_func_t *)NULL;
+ bash_input.ungetter = (sh_cunget_func_t *)NULL;
+}
+
+/* Set the contents of the current bash input stream from
+ GET, UNGET, TYPE, NAME, and LOCATION. */
+void
+init_yy_io (get, unget, type, name, location)
+ sh_cget_func_t *get;
+ sh_cunget_func_t *unget;
+ enum stream_type type;
+ const char *name;
+ INPUT_STREAM location;
+{
+ bash_input.type = type;
+ FREE (bash_input.name);
+ bash_input.name = name ? savestring (name) : (char *)NULL;
+
+ /* XXX */
+#if defined (CRAY)
+ memcpy((char *)&bash_input.location.string, (char *)&location.string, sizeof(location));
+#else
+ bash_input.location = location;
+#endif
+ bash_input.getter = get;
+ bash_input.ungetter = unget;
+}
+
+char *
+yy_input_name ()
+{
+ return (bash_input.name ? bash_input.name : "stdin");
+}
+
+/* Call this to get the next character of input. */
+static int
+yy_getc ()
+{
+ return (*(bash_input.getter)) ();
+}
+
+/* Call this to unget C. That is, to make C the next character
+ to be read. */
+static int
+yy_ungetc (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ return (*(bash_input.ungetter)) (c);
+}
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
+int
+input_file_descriptor ()
+{
+ switch (bash_input.type)
+ {
+ case st_stream:
+ return (fileno (bash_input.location.file));
+ case st_bstream:
+ return (bash_input.location.buffered_fd);
+ case st_stdin:
+ default:
+ return (fileno (stdin));
+ }
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Let input be read from readline (). */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+char *current_readline_prompt = (char *)NULL;
+char *current_readline_line = (char *)NULL;
+int current_readline_line_index = 0;
+
+static int
+yy_readline_get ()
+{
+ SigHandler *old_sigint;
+ int line_len;
+ unsigned char c;
+
+ if (!current_readline_line)
+ {
+ if (!bash_readline_initialized)
+ initialize_readline ();
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ if (job_control)
+ give_terminal_to (shell_pgrp, 0);
+#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
+
+ old_sigint = (SigHandler *)IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER;
+ if (signal_is_ignored (SIGINT) == 0)
+ {
+ interrupt_immediately++;
+ old_sigint = (SigHandler *)set_signal_handler (SIGINT, sigint_sighandler);
+ }
+
+ current_readline_line = readline (current_readline_prompt ?
+ current_readline_prompt : "");
+
+ CHECK_TERMSIG;
+ if (signal_is_ignored (SIGINT) == 0)
+ {
+ interrupt_immediately--;
+ if (old_sigint != IMPOSSIBLE_TRAP_HANDLER)
+ set_signal_handler (SIGINT, old_sigint);
+ }
+
+#if 0
+ /* Reset the prompt to the decoded value of prompt_string_pointer. */
+ reset_readline_prompt ();
+#endif
+
+ if (current_readline_line == 0)
+ return (EOF);
+
+ current_readline_line_index = 0;
+ line_len = strlen (current_readline_line);
+
+ current_readline_line = (char *)xrealloc (current_readline_line, 2 + line_len);
+ current_readline_line[line_len++] = '\n';
+ current_readline_line[line_len] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ if (current_readline_line[current_readline_line_index] == 0)
+ {
+ free (current_readline_line);
+ current_readline_line = (char *)NULL;
+ return (yy_readline_get ());
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ c = current_readline_line[current_readline_line_index++];
+ return (c);
+ }
+}
+
+static int
+yy_readline_unget (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ if (current_readline_line_index && current_readline_line)
+ current_readline_line[--current_readline_line_index] = c;
+ return (c);
+}
+
+void
+with_input_from_stdin ()
+{
+ INPUT_STREAM location;
+
+ if (bash_input.type != st_stdin && stream_on_stack (st_stdin) == 0)
+ {
+ location.string = current_readline_line;
+ init_yy_io (yy_readline_get, yy_readline_unget,
+ st_stdin, "readline stdin", location);
+ }
+}
+
+#else /* !READLINE */
+
+void
+with_input_from_stdin ()
+{
+ with_input_from_stream (stdin, "stdin");
+}
+#endif /* !READLINE */
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Let input come from STRING. STRING is zero terminated. */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+static int
+yy_string_get ()
+{
+ register char *string;
+ register unsigned char c;
+
+ string = bash_input.location.string;
+
+ /* If the string doesn't exist, or is empty, EOF found. */
+ if (string && *string)
+ {
+ c = *string++;
+ bash_input.location.string = string;
+ return (c);
+ }
+ else
+ return (EOF);
+}
+
+static int
+yy_string_unget (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ *(--bash_input.location.string) = c;
+ return (c);
+}
+
+void
+with_input_from_string (string, name)
+ char *string;
+ const char *name;
+{
+ INPUT_STREAM location;
+
+ location.string = string;
+ init_yy_io (yy_string_get, yy_string_unget, st_string, name, location);
+}
+
+/* Count the number of characters we've consumed from bash_input.location.string
+ and read into shell_input_line, but have not returned from shell_getc.
+ That is the true input location. Rewind bash_input.location.string by
+ that number of characters, so it points to the last character actually
+ consumed by the parser. */
+static void
+rewind_input_string ()
+{
+ int xchars;
+
+ /* number of unconsumed characters in the input -- XXX need to take newlines
+ into account, e.g., $(...\n) */
+ xchars = shell_input_line_len - shell_input_line_index;
+ if (bash_input.location.string[-1] == '\n')
+ xchars++;
+
+ /* XXX - how to reflect bash_input.location.string back to string passed to
+ parse_and_execute or xparse_dolparen? xparse_dolparen needs to know how
+ far into the string we parsed. parse_and_execute knows where bash_input.
+ location.string is, and how far from orig_string that is -- that's the
+ number of characters the command consumed. */
+
+ /* bash_input.location.string - xchars should be where we parsed to */
+ /* need to do more validation on xchars value for sanity -- test cases. */
+ bash_input.location.string -= xchars;
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Let input come from STREAM. */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* These two functions used to test the value of the HAVE_RESTARTABLE_SYSCALLS
+ define, and just use getc/ungetc if it was defined, but since bash
+ installs its signal handlers without the SA_RESTART flag, some signals
+ (like SIGCHLD, SIGWINCH, etc.) received during a read(2) will not cause
+ the read to be restarted. We need to restart it ourselves. */
+
+static int
+yy_stream_get ()
+{
+ int result;
+
+ result = EOF;
+ if (bash_input.location.file)
+ {
+ if (interactive)
+ interrupt_immediately++;
+
+ /* XXX - don't need terminate_immediately; getc_with_restart checks
+ for terminating signals itself if read returns < 0 */
+ result = getc_with_restart (bash_input.location.file);
+
+ if (interactive)
+ interrupt_immediately--;
+
+ }
+ return (result);
+}
+
+static int
+yy_stream_unget (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ return (ungetc_with_restart (c, bash_input.location.file));
+}
+
+void
+with_input_from_stream (stream, name)
+ FILE *stream;
+ const char *name;
+{
+ INPUT_STREAM location;
+
+ location.file = stream;
+ init_yy_io (yy_stream_get, yy_stream_unget, st_stream, name, location);
+}
+
+typedef struct stream_saver {
+ struct stream_saver *next;
+ BASH_INPUT bash_input;
+ int line;
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ BUFFERED_STREAM *bstream;
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+} STREAM_SAVER;
+
+/* The globally known line number. */
+int line_number = 0;
+
+/* The line number offset set by assigning to LINENO. Not currently used. */
+int line_number_base = 0;
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+static int cond_lineno;
+static int cond_token;
+#endif
+
+STREAM_SAVER *stream_list = (STREAM_SAVER *)NULL;
+
+void
+push_stream (reset_lineno)
+ int reset_lineno;
+{
+ STREAM_SAVER *saver = (STREAM_SAVER *)xmalloc (sizeof (STREAM_SAVER));
+
+ xbcopy ((char *)&bash_input, (char *)&(saver->bash_input), sizeof (BASH_INPUT));
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ saver->bstream = (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL;
+ /* If we have a buffered stream, clear out buffers[fd]. */
+ if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd >= 0)
+ saver->bstream = set_buffered_stream (bash_input.location.buffered_fd,
+ (BUFFERED_STREAM *)NULL);
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+ saver->line = line_number;
+ bash_input.name = (char *)NULL;
+ saver->next = stream_list;
+ stream_list = saver;
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+ if (reset_lineno)
+ line_number = 0;
+}
+
+void
+pop_stream ()
+{
+ if (!stream_list)
+ EOF_Reached = 1;
+ else
+ {
+ STREAM_SAVER *saver = stream_list;
+
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+ stream_list = stream_list->next;
+
+ init_yy_io (saver->bash_input.getter,
+ saver->bash_input.ungetter,
+ saver->bash_input.type,
+ saver->bash_input.name,
+ saver->bash_input.location);
+
+#if defined (BUFFERED_INPUT)
+ /* If we have a buffered stream, restore buffers[fd]. */
+ /* If the input file descriptor was changed while this was on the
+ save stack, update the buffered fd to the new file descriptor and
+ re-establish the buffer <-> bash_input fd correspondence. */
+ if (bash_input.type == st_bstream && bash_input.location.buffered_fd >= 0)
+ {
+ if (bash_input_fd_changed)
+ {
+ bash_input_fd_changed = 0;
+ if (default_buffered_input >= 0)
+ {
+ bash_input.location.buffered_fd = default_buffered_input;
+ saver->bstream->b_fd = default_buffered_input;
+ SET_CLOSE_ON_EXEC (default_buffered_input);
+ }
+ }
+ /* XXX could free buffered stream returned as result here. */
+ set_buffered_stream (bash_input.location.buffered_fd, saver->bstream);
+ }
+#endif /* BUFFERED_INPUT */
+
+ line_number = saver->line;
+
+ FREE (saver->bash_input.name);
+ free (saver);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if a stream of type TYPE is saved on the stack. */
+int
+stream_on_stack (type)
+ enum stream_type type;
+{
+ register STREAM_SAVER *s;
+
+ for (s = stream_list; s; s = s->next)
+ if (s->bash_input.type == type)
+ return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* Save the current token state and return it in a malloced array. */
+int *
+save_token_state ()
+{
+ int *ret;
+
+ ret = (int *)xmalloc (4 * sizeof (int));
+ ret[0] = last_read_token;
+ ret[1] = token_before_that;
+ ret[2] = two_tokens_ago;
+ ret[3] = current_token;
+ return ret;
+}
+
+void
+restore_token_state (ts)
+ int *ts;
+{
+ if (ts == 0)
+ return;
+ last_read_token = ts[0];
+ token_before_that = ts[1];
+ two_tokens_ago = ts[2];
+ current_token = ts[3];
+}
+
+/*
+ * This is used to inhibit alias expansion and reserved word recognition
+ * inside case statement pattern lists. A `case statement pattern list' is:
+ *
+ * everything between the `in' in a `case word in' and the next ')'
+ * or `esac'
+ * everything between a `;;' and the next `)' or `esac'
+ */
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+
+#define END_OF_ALIAS 0
+
+/*
+ * Pseudo-global variables used in implementing token-wise alias expansion.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Pushing and popping strings. This works together with shell_getc to
+ * implement alias expansion on a per-token basis.
+ */
+
+typedef struct string_saver {
+ struct string_saver *next;
+ int expand_alias; /* Value to set expand_alias to when string is popped. */
+ char *saved_line;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ alias_t *expander; /* alias that caused this line to be pushed. */
+#endif
+ int saved_line_size, saved_line_index, saved_line_terminator;
+} STRING_SAVER;
+
+STRING_SAVER *pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL;
+
+/*
+ * Push the current shell_input_line onto a stack of such lines and make S
+ * the current input. Used when expanding aliases. EXPAND is used to set
+ * the value of expand_next_token when the string is popped, so that the
+ * word after the alias in the original line is handled correctly when the
+ * alias expands to multiple words. TOKEN is the token that was expanded
+ * into S; it is saved and used to prevent infinite recursive expansion.
+ */
+static void
+push_string (s, expand, ap)
+ char *s;
+ int expand;
+ alias_t *ap;
+{
+ STRING_SAVER *temp = (STRING_SAVER *)xmalloc (sizeof (STRING_SAVER));
+
+ temp->expand_alias = expand;
+ temp->saved_line = shell_input_line;
+ temp->saved_line_size = shell_input_line_size;
+ temp->saved_line_index = shell_input_line_index;
+ temp->saved_line_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ temp->expander = ap;
+#endif
+ temp->next = pushed_string_list;
+ pushed_string_list = temp;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ if (ap)
+ ap->flags |= AL_BEINGEXPANDED;
+#endif
+
+ shell_input_line = s;
+ shell_input_line_size = strlen (s);
+ shell_input_line_index = 0;
+ shell_input_line_terminator = '\0';
+#if 0
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT; /* XXX */
+#endif
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make the top of the pushed_string stack be the current shell input.
+ * Only called when there is something on the stack. Called from shell_getc
+ * when it thinks it has consumed the string generated by an alias expansion
+ * and needs to return to the original input line.
+ */
+static void
+pop_string ()
+{
+ STRING_SAVER *t;
+
+ FREE (shell_input_line);
+ shell_input_line = pushed_string_list->saved_line;
+ shell_input_line_index = pushed_string_list->saved_line_index;
+ shell_input_line_size = pushed_string_list->saved_line_size;
+ shell_input_line_terminator = pushed_string_list->saved_line_terminator;
+
+ if (pushed_string_list->expand_alias)
+ parser_state |= PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+ else
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+
+ t = pushed_string_list;
+ pushed_string_list = pushed_string_list->next;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ if (t->expander)
+ t->expander->flags &= ~AL_BEINGEXPANDED;
+#endif
+
+ free ((char *)t);
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+}
+
+static void
+free_string_list ()
+{
+ register STRING_SAVER *t, *t1;
+
+ for (t = pushed_string_list; t; )
+ {
+ t1 = t->next;
+ FREE (t->saved_line);
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ if (t->expander)
+ t->expander->flags &= ~AL_BEINGEXPANDED;
+#endif
+ free ((char *)t);
+ t = t1;
+ }
+ pushed_string_list = (STRING_SAVER *)NULL;
+}
+
+#endif /* ALIAS || DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+
+void
+free_pushed_string_input ()
+{
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ free_string_list ();
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Return a line of text, taken from wherever yylex () reads input.
+ If there is no more input, then we return NULL. If REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE
+ is non-zero, we remove unquoted \<newline> pairs. This is used by
+ read_secondary_line to read here documents. */
+static char *
+read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline)
+ int remove_quoted_newline;
+{
+ static char *line_buffer = (char *)NULL;
+ static int buffer_size = 0;
+ int indx, c, peekc, pass_next;
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ if (no_line_editing && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+#else
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+#endif
+ print_prompt ();
+
+ pass_next = indx = 0;
+ while (1)
+ {
+ /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */
+ QUIT;
+
+ c = yy_getc ();
+
+ /* Ignore null bytes in input. */
+ if (c == 0)
+ {
+#if 0
+ internal_warning ("read_a_line: ignored null byte in input");
+#endif
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* If there is no more input, then we return NULL. */
+ if (c == EOF)
+ {
+ if (interactive && bash_input.type == st_stream)
+ clearerr (stdin);
+ if (indx == 0)
+ return ((char *)NULL);
+ c = '\n';
+ }
+
+ /* `+2' in case the final character in the buffer is a newline. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (line_buffer, indx, 2, buffer_size, 128);
+
+ /* IF REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINES is non-zero, we are reading a
+ here document with an unquoted delimiter. In this case,
+ the line will be expanded as if it were in double quotes.
+ We allow a backslash to escape the next character, but we
+ need to treat the backslash specially only if a backslash
+ quoting a backslash-newline pair appears in the line. */
+ if (pass_next)
+ {
+ line_buffer[indx++] = c;
+ pass_next = 0;
+ }
+ else if (c == '\\' && remove_quoted_newline)
+ {
+ QUIT;
+ peekc = yy_getc ();
+ if (peekc == '\n')
+ {
+ line_number++;
+ continue; /* Make the unquoted \<newline> pair disappear. */
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ yy_ungetc (peekc);
+ pass_next = 1;
+ line_buffer[indx++] = c; /* Preserve the backslash. */
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ line_buffer[indx++] = c;
+
+ if (c == '\n')
+ {
+ line_buffer[indx] = '\0';
+ return (line_buffer);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/* Return a line as in read_a_line (), but insure that the prompt is
+ the secondary prompt. This is used to read the lines of a here
+ document. REMOVE_QUOTED_NEWLINE is non-zero if we should remove
+ newlines quoted with backslashes while reading the line. It is
+ non-zero unless the delimiter of the here document was quoted. */
+char *
+read_secondary_line (remove_quoted_newline)
+ int remove_quoted_newline;
+{
+ char *ret;
+ int n, c;
+
+ prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt;
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT())
+ prompt_again ();
+ ret = read_a_line (remove_quoted_newline);
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ if (ret && remember_on_history && (parser_state & PST_HEREDOC))
+ {
+ /* To make adding the the here-document body right, we need to rely
+ on history_delimiting_chars() returning \n for the first line of
+ the here-document body and the null string for the second and
+ subsequent lines, so we avoid double newlines.
+ current_command_line_count == 2 for the first line of the body. */
+
+ current_command_line_count++;
+ maybe_add_history (ret);
+ }
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* YYLEX () */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Reserved words. These are only recognized as the first word of a
+ command. */
+STRING_INT_ALIST word_token_alist[] = {
+ { "if", IF },
+ { "then", THEN },
+ { "else", ELSE },
+ { "elif", ELIF },
+ { "fi", FI },
+ { "case", CASE },
+ { "esac", ESAC },
+ { "for", FOR },
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+ { "select", SELECT },
+#endif
+ { "while", WHILE },
+ { "until", UNTIL },
+ { "do", DO },
+ { "done", DONE },
+ { "in", IN },
+ { "function", FUNCTION },
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ { "time", TIME },
+#endif
+ { "{", '{' },
+ { "}", '}' },
+ { "!", BANG },
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+ { "[[", COND_START },
+ { "]]", COND_END },
+#endif
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+ { "coproc", COPROC },
+#endif
+ { (char *)NULL, 0}
+};
+
+/* other tokens that can be returned by read_token() */
+STRING_INT_ALIST other_token_alist[] = {
+ /* Multiple-character tokens with special values */
+ { "--", TIMEIGN },
+ { "-p", TIMEOPT },
+ { "&&", AND_AND },
+ { "||", OR_OR },
+ { ">>", GREATER_GREATER },
+ { "<<", LESS_LESS },
+ { "<&", LESS_AND },
+ { ">&", GREATER_AND },
+ { ";;", SEMI_SEMI },
+ { ";&", SEMI_AND },
+ { ";;&", SEMI_SEMI_AND },
+ { "<<-", LESS_LESS_MINUS },
+ { "<<<", LESS_LESS_LESS },
+ { "&>", AND_GREATER },
+ { "&>>", AND_GREATER_GREATER },
+ { "<>", LESS_GREATER },
+ { ">|", GREATER_BAR },
+ { "|&", BAR_AND },
+ { "EOF", yacc_EOF },
+ /* Tokens whose value is the character itself */
+ { ">", '>' },
+ { "<", '<' },
+ { "-", '-' },
+ { "{", '{' },
+ { "}", '}' },
+ { ";", ';' },
+ { "(", '(' },
+ { ")", ')' },
+ { "|", '|' },
+ { "&", '&' },
+ { "newline", '\n' },
+ { (char *)NULL, 0}
+};
+
+/* others not listed here:
+ WORD look at yylval.word
+ ASSIGNMENT_WORD look at yylval.word
+ NUMBER look at yylval.number
+ ARITH_CMD look at yylval.word_list
+ ARITH_FOR_EXPRS look at yylval.word_list
+ COND_CMD look at yylval.command
+*/
+
+/* These are used by read_token_word, but appear up here so that shell_getc
+ can use them to decide when to add otherwise blank lines to the history. */
+
+/* The primary delimiter stack. */
+struct dstack dstack = { (char *)NULL, 0, 0 };
+
+/* A temporary delimiter stack to be used when decoding prompt strings.
+ This is needed because command substitutions in prompt strings (e.g., PS2)
+ can screw up the parser's quoting state. */
+static struct dstack temp_dstack = { (char *)NULL, 0, 0 };
+
+/* Macro for accessing the top delimiter on the stack. Returns the
+ delimiter or zero if none. */
+#define current_delimiter(ds) \
+ (ds.delimiter_depth ? ds.delimiters[ds.delimiter_depth - 1] : 0)
+
+#define push_delimiter(ds, character) \
+ do \
+ { \
+ if (ds.delimiter_depth + 2 > ds.delimiter_space) \
+ ds.delimiters = (char *)xrealloc \
+ (ds.delimiters, (ds.delimiter_space += 10) * sizeof (char)); \
+ ds.delimiters[ds.delimiter_depth] = character; \
+ ds.delimiter_depth++; \
+ } \
+ while (0)
+
+#define pop_delimiter(ds) ds.delimiter_depth--
+
+/* Return the next shell input character. This always reads characters
+ from shell_input_line; when that line is exhausted, it is time to
+ read the next line. This is called by read_token when the shell is
+ processing normal command input. */
+
+/* This implements one-character lookahead/lookbehind across physical input
+ lines, to avoid something being lost because it's pushed back with
+ shell_ungetc when we're at the start of a line. */
+static int eol_ungetc_lookahead = 0;
+
+static int
+shell_getc (remove_quoted_newline)
+ int remove_quoted_newline;
+{
+ register int i;
+ int c;
+ unsigned char uc;
+
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (sigwinch_received)
+ {
+ sigwinch_received = 0;
+ get_new_window_size (0, (int *)0, (int *)0);
+ }
+
+ if (eol_ungetc_lookahead)
+ {
+ c = eol_ungetc_lookahead;
+ eol_ungetc_lookahead = 0;
+ return (c);
+ }
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ /* If shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index] == 0, but there is
+ something on the pushed list of strings, then we don't want to go
+ off and get another line. We let the code down below handle it. */
+
+ if (!shell_input_line || ((!shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index]) &&
+ (pushed_string_list == (STRING_SAVER *)NULL)))
+#else /* !ALIAS && !DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+ if (!shell_input_line || !shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index])
+#endif /* !ALIAS && !DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+ {
+ line_number++;
+
+ restart_read:
+
+ /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */
+ QUIT;
+
+ i = 0;
+ shell_input_line_terminator = 0;
+
+ /* If the shell is interatctive, but not currently printing a prompt
+ (interactive_shell && interactive == 0), we don't want to print
+ notifies or cleanup the jobs -- we want to defer it until we do
+ print the next prompt. */
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 || SHOULD_PROMPT())
+ {
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ /* This can cause a problem when reading a command as the result
+ of a trap, when the trap is called from flush_child. This call
+ had better not cause jobs to disappear from the job table in
+ that case, or we will have big trouble. */
+ notify_and_cleanup ();
+#else /* !JOB_CONTROL */
+ cleanup_dead_jobs ();
+#endif /* !JOB_CONTROL */
+ }
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ if (no_line_editing && SHOULD_PROMPT())
+#else
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT())
+#endif
+ print_prompt ();
+
+ if (bash_input.type == st_stream)
+ clearerr (stdin);
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ c = yy_getc ();
+
+ /* Allow immediate exit if interrupted during input. */
+ QUIT;
+
+ if (c == '\0')
+ {
+#if 0
+ internal_warning ("shell_getc: ignored null byte in input");
+#endif
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (shell_input_line, i, 2, shell_input_line_size, 256);
+
+ if (c == EOF)
+ {
+ if (bash_input.type == st_stream)
+ clearerr (stdin);
+
+ if (i == 0)
+ shell_input_line_terminator = EOF;
+
+ shell_input_line[i] = '\0';
+ break;
+ }
+
+ shell_input_line[i++] = c;
+
+ if (c == '\n')
+ {
+ shell_input_line[--i] = '\0';
+ current_command_line_count++;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ shell_input_line_index = 0;
+ shell_input_line_len = i; /* == strlen (shell_input_line) */
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ if (remember_on_history && shell_input_line && shell_input_line[0])
+ {
+ char *expansions;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ int old_hist;
+
+ /* If the current delimiter is a single quote, we should not be
+ performing history expansion, even if we're on a different
+ line from the original single quote. */
+ old_hist = history_expansion_inhibited;
+ if (current_delimiter (dstack) == '\'')
+ history_expansion_inhibited = 1;
+# endif
+ expansions = pre_process_line (shell_input_line, 1, 1);
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ history_expansion_inhibited = old_hist;
+# endif
+ if (expansions != shell_input_line)
+ {
+ free (shell_input_line);
+ shell_input_line = expansions;
+ shell_input_line_len = shell_input_line ?
+ strlen (shell_input_line) : 0;
+ if (shell_input_line_len == 0)
+ current_command_line_count--;
+
+ /* We have to force the xrealloc below because we don't know
+ the true allocated size of shell_input_line anymore. */
+ shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_len;
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+ }
+ }
+ /* Try to do something intelligent with blank lines encountered while
+ entering multi-line commands. XXX - this is grotesque */
+ else if (remember_on_history && shell_input_line &&
+ shell_input_line[0] == '\0' &&
+ current_command_line_count > 1)
+ {
+ if (current_delimiter (dstack))
+ /* We know shell_input_line[0] == 0 and we're reading some sort of
+ quoted string. This means we've got a line consisting of only
+ a newline in a quoted string. We want to make sure this line
+ gets added to the history. */
+ maybe_add_history (shell_input_line);
+ else
+ {
+ char *hdcs;
+ hdcs = history_delimiting_chars (shell_input_line);
+ if (hdcs && hdcs[0] == ';')
+ maybe_add_history (shell_input_line);
+ }
+ }
+
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+ if (shell_input_line)
+ {
+ /* Lines that signify the end of the shell's input should not be
+ echoed. */
+ if (echo_input_at_read && (shell_input_line[0] ||
+ shell_input_line_terminator != EOF))
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", shell_input_line);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ shell_input_line_size = 0;
+ prompt_string_pointer = ¤t_prompt_string;
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ goto restart_read;
+ }
+
+ /* Add the newline to the end of this string, iff the string does
+ not already end in an EOF character. */
+ if (shell_input_line_terminator != EOF)
+ {
+ if (shell_input_line_len + 3 > shell_input_line_size)
+ shell_input_line = (char *)xrealloc (shell_input_line,
+ 1 + (shell_input_line_size += 2));
+
+ shell_input_line[shell_input_line_len] = '\n';
+ shell_input_line[shell_input_line_len + 1] = '\0';
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+ }
+ }
+
+next_alias_char:
+ uc = shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index];
+
+ if (uc)
+ shell_input_line_index++;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ /* If UC is NULL, we have reached the end of the current input string. If
+ pushed_string_list is non-empty, it's time to pop to the previous string
+ because we have fully consumed the result of the last alias expansion.
+ Do it transparently; just return the next character of the string popped
+ to. */
+pop_alias:
+ if (uc == 0 && (pushed_string_list != (STRING_SAVER *)NULL))
+ {
+ pop_string ();
+ uc = shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index];
+ if (uc)
+ shell_input_line_index++;
+ }
+#endif /* ALIAS || DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+
+ if MBTEST(uc == '\\' && remove_quoted_newline && shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index] == '\n')
+ {
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ line_number++;
+ /* What do we do here if we're expanding an alias whose definition
+ includes an escaped newline? If that's the last character in the
+ alias expansion, we just pop the pushed string list (recall that
+ we inhibit the appending of a space in mk_alexpansion() if newline
+ is the last character). If it's not the last character, we need
+ to consume the quoted newline and move to the next character in
+ the expansion. */
+ if (expanding_alias () && shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index+1] == '\0')
+ {
+ uc = 0;
+ goto pop_alias;
+ }
+ else if (expanding_alias () && shell_input_line[shell_input_line_index+1] != '\0')
+ {
+ shell_input_line_index++; /* skip newline */
+ goto next_alias_char; /* and get next character */
+ }
+ else
+ goto restart_read;
+ }
+
+ if (uc == 0 && shell_input_line_terminator == EOF)
+ return ((shell_input_line_index != 0) ? '\n' : EOF);
+
+ return (uc);
+}
+
+/* Put C back into the input for the shell. This might need changes for
+ HANDLE_MULTIBYTE around EOLs. Since we (currently) never push back a
+ character different than we read, shell_input_line_property doesn't need
+ to change when manipulating shell_input_line. The define for
+ last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte should take care of it, though. */
+static void
+shell_ungetc (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ if (shell_input_line && shell_input_line_index)
+ shell_input_line[--shell_input_line_index] = c;
+ else
+ eol_ungetc_lookahead = c;
+}
+
+#ifdef INCLUDE_UNUSED
+/* Back the input pointer up by one, effectively `ungetting' a character. */
+static void
+shell_ungetchar ()
+{
+ if (shell_input_line && shell_input_line_index)
+ shell_input_line_index--;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Discard input until CHARACTER is seen, then push that character back
+ onto the input stream. */
+static void
+discard_until (character)
+ int character;
+{
+ int c;
+
+ while ((c = shell_getc (0)) != EOF && c != character)
+ ;
+
+ if (c != EOF)
+ shell_ungetc (c);
+}
+
+void
+execute_variable_command (command, vname)
+ char *command, *vname;
+{
+ char *last_lastarg;
+ sh_parser_state_t ps;
+
+ save_parser_state (&ps);
+ last_lastarg = get_string_value ("_");
+ if (last_lastarg)
+ last_lastarg = savestring (last_lastarg);
+
+ parse_and_execute (savestring (command), vname, SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST);
+
+ restore_parser_state (&ps);
+ bind_variable ("_", last_lastarg, 0);
+ FREE (last_lastarg);
+
+ if (token_to_read == '\n') /* reset_parser was called */
+ token_to_read = 0;
+}
+
+/* Place to remember the token. We try to keep the buffer
+ at a reasonable size, but it can grow. */
+static char *token = (char *)NULL;
+
+/* Current size of the token buffer. */
+static int token_buffer_size;
+
+/* Command to read_token () explaining what we want it to do. */
+#define READ 0
+#define RESET 1
+#define prompt_is_ps1 \
+ (!prompt_string_pointer || prompt_string_pointer == &ps1_prompt)
+
+/* Function for yyparse to call. yylex keeps track of
+ the last two tokens read, and calls read_token. */
+static int
+yylex ()
+{
+ if (interactive && (current_token == 0 || current_token == '\n'))
+ {
+ /* Before we print a prompt, we might have to check mailboxes.
+ We do this only if it is time to do so. Notice that only here
+ is the mail alarm reset; nothing takes place in check_mail ()
+ except the checking of mail. Please don't change this. */
+ if (prompt_is_ps1 && parse_and_execute_level == 0 && time_to_check_mail ())
+ {
+ check_mail ();
+ reset_mail_timer ();
+ }
+
+ /* Avoid printing a prompt if we're not going to read anything, e.g.
+ after resetting the parser with read_token (RESET). */
+ if (token_to_read == 0 && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ }
+
+ two_tokens_ago = token_before_that;
+ token_before_that = last_read_token;
+ last_read_token = current_token;
+ current_token = read_token (READ);
+
+ if ((parser_state & PST_EOFTOKEN) && current_token == shell_eof_token)
+ {
+ current_token = yacc_EOF;
+ if (bash_input.type == st_string)
+ rewind_input_string ();
+ }
+ parser_state &= ~PST_EOFTOKEN;
+
+ return (current_token);
+}
+
+/* When non-zero, we have read the required tokens
+ which allow ESAC to be the next one read. */
+static int esacs_needed_count;
+
+void
+gather_here_documents ()
+{
+ int r, save_lithist;
+
+ r = 0;
+ save_lithist = -1;
+ while (need_here_doc)
+ {
+ parser_state |= PST_HEREDOC;
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ if (remember_on_history)
+ {
+ save_lithist = literal_history;
+/* literal_history = 1; */
+ }
+#endif
+ make_here_document (redir_stack[r++], line_number);
+ parser_state &= ~PST_HEREDOC;
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ if (remember_on_history && save_lithist >= 0)
+ literal_history = save_lithist;
+#endif
+ need_here_doc--;
+ }
+}
+
+/* When non-zero, an open-brace used to create a group is awaiting a close
+ brace partner. */
+static int open_brace_count;
+
+#define command_token_position(token) \
+ (((token) == ASSIGNMENT_WORD) || (parser_state&PST_REDIRLIST) || \
+ ((token) != SEMI_SEMI && (token) != SEMI_AND && (token) != SEMI_SEMI_AND && reserved_word_acceptable(token)))
+
+#define assignment_acceptable(token) \
+ (command_token_position(token) && ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0))
+
+/* Check to see if TOKEN is a reserved word and return the token
+ value if it is. */
+#define CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD(tok) \
+ do { \
+ if (!dollar_present && !quoted && \
+ reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token)) \
+ { \
+ int i; \
+ for (i = 0; word_token_alist[i].word != (char *)NULL; i++) \
+ if (STREQ (tok, word_token_alist[i].word)) \
+ { \
+ if ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) && (word_token_alist[i].token != ESAC)) \
+ break; \
+ if (word_token_alist[i].token == TIME && time_command_acceptable () == 0) \
+ break; \
+ if (word_token_alist[i].token == ESAC) \
+ parser_state &= ~(PST_CASEPAT|PST_CASESTMT); \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == CASE) \
+ parser_state |= PST_CASESTMT; \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == COND_END) \
+ parser_state &= ~(PST_CONDCMD|PST_CONDEXPR); \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == COND_START) \
+ parser_state |= PST_CONDCMD; \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == '{') \
+ open_brace_count++; \
+ else if (word_token_alist[i].token == '}' && open_brace_count) \
+ open_brace_count--; \
+ return (word_token_alist[i].token); \
+ } \
+ } \
+ } while (0)
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+
+ /* OK, we have a token. Let's try to alias expand it, if (and only if)
+ it's eligible.
+
+ It is eligible for expansion if EXPAND_ALIASES is set, and
+ the token is unquoted and the last token read was a command
+ separator (or expand_next_token is set), and we are currently
+ processing an alias (pushed_string_list is non-empty) and this
+ token is not the same as the current or any previously
+ processed alias.
+
+ Special cases that disqualify:
+ In a pattern list in a case statement (parser_state & PST_CASEPAT). */
+
+static char *
+mk_alexpansion (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ int l;
+ char *r;
+
+ l = strlen (s);
+ r = xmalloc (l + 2);
+ strcpy (r, s);
+ /* If the last character in the alias is a newline, don't add a trailing
+ space to the expansion. Works with shell_getc above. */
+ if (r[l - 1] != ' ' && r[l - 1] != '\n')
+ r[l++] = ' ';
+ r[l] = '\0';
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int
+alias_expand_token (tokstr)
+ char *tokstr;
+{
+ char *expanded;
+ alias_t *ap;
+
+ if (((parser_state & PST_ALEXPNEXT) || command_token_position (last_read_token)) &&
+ (parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0)
+ {
+ ap = find_alias (tokstr);
+
+ /* Currently expanding this token. */
+ if (ap && (ap->flags & AL_BEINGEXPANDED))
+ return (NO_EXPANSION);
+
+ /* mk_alexpansion puts an extra space on the end of the alias expansion,
+ so the lookahead by the parser works right. If this gets changed,
+ make sure the code in shell_getc that deals with reaching the end of
+ an expanded alias is changed with it. */
+ expanded = ap ? mk_alexpansion (ap->value) : (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (expanded)
+ {
+ push_string (expanded, ap->flags & AL_EXPANDNEXT, ap);
+ return (RE_READ_TOKEN);
+ }
+ else
+ /* This is an eligible token that does not have an expansion. */
+ return (NO_EXPANSION);
+ }
+ return (NO_EXPANSION);
+}
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+static int
+time_command_acceptable ()
+{
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ int i;
+
+ if (posixly_correct && shell_compatibility_level > 41)
+ {
+ /* Quick check of the rest of the line to find the next token. If it
+ begins with a `-', Posix says to not return `time' as the token.
+ This was interp 267. */
+ i = shell_input_line_index;
+ while (i < shell_input_line_len && (shell_input_line[i] == ' ' || shell_input_line[i] == '\t'))
+ i++;
+ if (shell_input_line[i] == '-')
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ switch (last_read_token)
+ {
+ case 0:
+ case ';':
+ case '\n':
+ case AND_AND:
+ case OR_OR:
+ case '&':
+ case DO:
+ case THEN:
+ case ELSE:
+ case '{': /* } */
+ case '(': /* ) */
+ case BANG: /* ! time pipeline */
+ case TIME: /* time time pipeline */
+ case TIMEOPT: /* time -p time pipeline */
+ case TIMEIGN: /* time -p -- ... */
+ return 1;
+ default:
+ return 0;
+ }
+#else
+ return 0;
+#endif /* COMMAND_TIMING */
+}
+
+/* Handle special cases of token recognition:
+ IN is recognized if the last token was WORD and the token
+ before that was FOR or CASE or SELECT.
+
+ DO is recognized if the last token was WORD and the token
+ before that was FOR or SELECT.
+
+ ESAC is recognized if the last token caused `esacs_needed_count'
+ to be set
+
+ `{' is recognized if the last token as WORD and the token
+ before that was FUNCTION, or if we just parsed an arithmetic
+ `for' command.
+
+ `}' is recognized if there is an unclosed `{' present.
+
+ `-p' is returned as TIMEOPT if the last read token was TIME.
+ `--' is returned as TIMEIGN if the last read token was TIMEOPT.
+
+ ']]' is returned as COND_END if the parser is currently parsing
+ a conditional expression ((parser_state & PST_CONDEXPR) != 0)
+
+ `time' is returned as TIME if and only if it is immediately
+ preceded by one of `;', `\n', `||', `&&', or `&'.
+*/
+
+static int
+special_case_tokens (tokstr)
+ char *tokstr;
+{
+ if ((last_read_token == WORD) &&
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+ ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == CASE) || (token_before_that == SELECT)) &&
+#else
+ ((token_before_that == FOR) || (token_before_that == CASE)) &&
+#endif
+ (tokstr[0] == 'i' && tokstr[1] == 'n' && tokstr[2] == 0))
+ {
+ if (token_before_that == CASE)
+ {
+ parser_state |= PST_CASEPAT;
+ esacs_needed_count++;
+ }
+ return (IN);
+ }
+
+ if (last_read_token == WORD &&
+#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+ (token_before_that == FOR || token_before_that == SELECT) &&
+#else
+ (token_before_that == FOR) &&
+#endif
+ (tokstr[0] == 'd' && tokstr[1] == 'o' && tokstr[2] == '\0'))
+ return (DO);
+
+ /* Ditto for ESAC in the CASE case.
+ Specifically, this handles "case word in esac", which is a legal
+ construct, certainly because someone will pass an empty arg to the
+ case construct, and we don't want it to barf. Of course, we should
+ insist that the case construct has at least one pattern in it, but
+ the designers disagree. */
+ if (esacs_needed_count)
+ {
+ esacs_needed_count--;
+ if (STREQ (tokstr, "esac"))
+ {
+ parser_state &= ~PST_CASEPAT;
+ return (ESAC);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* The start of a shell function definition. */
+ if (parser_state & PST_ALLOWOPNBRC)
+ {
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALLOWOPNBRC;
+ if (tokstr[0] == '{' && tokstr[1] == '\0') /* } */
+ {
+ open_brace_count++;
+ function_bstart = line_number;
+ return ('{'); /* } */
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* We allow a `do' after a for ((...)) without an intervening
+ list_terminator */
+ if (last_read_token == ARITH_FOR_EXPRS && tokstr[0] == 'd' && tokstr[1] == 'o' && !tokstr[2])
+ return (DO);
+ if (last_read_token == ARITH_FOR_EXPRS && tokstr[0] == '{' && tokstr[1] == '\0') /* } */
+ {
+ open_brace_count++;
+ return ('{'); /* } */
+ }
+
+ if (open_brace_count && reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token) && tokstr[0] == '}' && !tokstr[1])
+ {
+ open_brace_count--; /* { */
+ return ('}');
+ }
+
+#if defined (COMMAND_TIMING)
+ /* Handle -p after `time'. */
+ if (last_read_token == TIME && tokstr[0] == '-' && tokstr[1] == 'p' && !tokstr[2])
+ return (TIMEOPT);
+ /* Handle -- after `time -p'. */
+ if (last_read_token == TIMEOPT && tokstr[0] == '-' && tokstr[1] == '-' && !tokstr[2])
+ return (TIMEIGN);
+#endif
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND) /* [[ */
+ if ((parser_state & PST_CONDEXPR) && tokstr[0] == ']' && tokstr[1] == ']' && tokstr[2] == '\0')
+ return (COND_END);
+#endif
+
+ return (-1);
+}
+
+/* Called from shell.c when Control-C is typed at top level. Or
+ by the error rule at top level. */
+void
+reset_parser ()
+{
+ dstack.delimiter_depth = 0; /* No delimiters found so far. */
+ open_brace_count = 0;
+
+#if defined (EXTENDED_GLOB)
+ /* Reset to global value of extended glob */
+ if (parser_state & PST_EXTPAT)
+ extended_glob = global_extglob;
+#endif
+
+ parser_state = 0;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS) || defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ if (pushed_string_list)
+ free_string_list ();
+#endif /* ALIAS || DPAREN_ARITHMETIC */
+
+ if (shell_input_line)
+ {
+ free (shell_input_line);
+ shell_input_line = (char *)NULL;
+ shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_index = 0;
+ }
+
+ FREE (word_desc_to_read);
+ word_desc_to_read = (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
+
+ current_token = '\n'; /* XXX */
+ last_read_token = '\n';
+ token_to_read = '\n';
+}
+
+/* Read the next token. Command can be READ (normal operation) or
+ RESET (to normalize state). */
+static int
+read_token (command)
+ int command;
+{
+ int character; /* Current character. */
+ int peek_char; /* Temporary look-ahead character. */
+ int result; /* The thing to return. */
+
+ if (command == RESET)
+ {
+ reset_parser ();
+ return ('\n');
+ }
+
+ if (token_to_read)
+ {
+ result = token_to_read;
+ if (token_to_read == WORD || token_to_read == ASSIGNMENT_WORD)
+ {
+ yylval.word = word_desc_to_read;
+ word_desc_to_read = (WORD_DESC *)NULL;
+ }
+ token_to_read = 0;
+ return (result);
+ }
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+ if ((parser_state & (PST_CONDCMD|PST_CONDEXPR)) == PST_CONDCMD)
+ {
+ cond_lineno = line_number;
+ parser_state |= PST_CONDEXPR;
+ yylval.command = parse_cond_command ();
+ if (cond_token != COND_END)
+ {
+ cond_error ();
+ return (-1);
+ }
+ token_to_read = COND_END;
+ parser_state &= ~(PST_CONDEXPR|PST_CONDCMD);
+ return (COND_CMD);
+ }
+#endif
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ /* This is a place to jump back to once we have successfully expanded a
+ token with an alias and pushed the string with push_string () */
+ re_read_token:
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+ /* Read a single word from input. Start by skipping blanks. */
+ while ((character = shell_getc (1)) != EOF && shellblank (character))
+ ;
+
+ if (character == EOF)
+ {
+ EOF_Reached = 1;
+ return (yacc_EOF);
+ }
+
+ if MBTEST(character == '#' && (!interactive || interactive_comments))
+ {
+ /* A comment. Discard until EOL or EOF, and then return a newline. */
+ discard_until ('\n');
+ shell_getc (0);
+ character = '\n'; /* this will take the next if statement and return. */
+ }
+
+ if (character == '\n')
+ {
+ /* If we're about to return an unquoted newline, we can go and collect
+ the text of any pending here document. */
+ if (need_here_doc)
+ gather_here_documents ();
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ASSIGNOK;
+
+ return (character);
+ }
+
+ if (parser_state & PST_REGEXP)
+ goto tokword;
+
+ /* Shell meta-characters. */
+ if MBTEST(shellmeta (character) && ((parser_state & PST_DBLPAREN) == 0))
+ {
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ /* Turn off alias tokenization iff this character sequence would
+ not leave us ready to read a command. */
+ if (character == '<' || character == '>')
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ASSIGNOK;
+
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if (character == peek_char)
+ {
+ switch (character)
+ {
+ case '<':
+ /* If '<' then we could be at "<<" or at "<<-". We have to
+ look ahead one more character. */
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '-')
+ return (LESS_LESS_MINUS);
+ else if MBTEST(peek_char == '<')
+ return (LESS_LESS_LESS);
+ else
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ return (LESS_LESS);
+ }
+
+ case '>':
+ return (GREATER_GREATER);
+
+ case ';':
+ parser_state |= PST_CASEPAT;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '&')
+ return (SEMI_SEMI_AND);
+ else
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ return (SEMI_SEMI);
+ }
+
+ case '&':
+ return (AND_AND);
+
+ case '|':
+ return (OR_OR);
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+ case '(': /* ) */
+ result = parse_dparen (character);
+ if (result == -2)
+ break;
+ else
+ return result;
+#endif
+ }
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(character == '<' && peek_char == '&')
+ return (LESS_AND);
+ else if MBTEST(character == '>' && peek_char == '&')
+ return (GREATER_AND);
+ else if MBTEST(character == '<' && peek_char == '>')
+ return (LESS_GREATER);
+ else if MBTEST(character == '>' && peek_char == '|')
+ return (GREATER_BAR);
+ else if MBTEST(character == '&' && peek_char == '>')
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '>')
+ return (AND_GREATER_GREATER);
+ else
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ return (AND_GREATER);
+ }
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(character == '|' && peek_char == '&')
+ return (BAR_AND);
+ else if MBTEST(character == ';' && peek_char == '&')
+ {
+ parser_state |= PST_CASEPAT;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+ return (SEMI_AND);
+ }
+
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+
+ /* If we look like we are reading the start of a function
+ definition, then let the reader know about it so that
+ we will do the right thing with `{'. */
+ if MBTEST(character == ')' && last_read_token == '(' && token_before_that == WORD)
+ {
+ parser_state |= PST_ALLOWOPNBRC;
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+#endif /* ALIAS */
+ function_dstart = line_number;
+ }
+
+ /* case pattern lists may be preceded by an optional left paren. If
+ we're not trying to parse a case pattern list, the left paren
+ indicates a subshell. */
+ if MBTEST(character == '(' && (parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0) /* ) */
+ parser_state |= PST_SUBSHELL;
+ /*(*/
+ else if MBTEST((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) && character == ')')
+ parser_state &= ~PST_CASEPAT;
+ /*(*/
+ else if MBTEST((parser_state & PST_SUBSHELL) && character == ')')
+ parser_state &= ~PST_SUBSHELL;
+
+#if defined (PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION)
+ /* Check for the constructs which introduce process substitution.
+ Shells running in `posix mode' don't do process substitution. */
+ if MBTEST(posixly_correct || ((character != '>' && character != '<') || peek_char != '(')) /*)*/
+#endif /* PROCESS_SUBSTITUTION */
+ return (character);
+ }
+
+ /* Hack <&- (close stdin) case. Also <&N- (dup and close). */
+ if MBTEST(character == '-' && (last_read_token == LESS_AND || last_read_token == GREATER_AND))
+ return (character);
+
+tokword:
+ /* Okay, if we got this far, we have to read a word. Read one,
+ and then check it against the known ones. */
+ result = read_token_word (character);
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ if (result == RE_READ_TOKEN)
+ goto re_read_token;
+#endif
+ return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Match a $(...) or other grouping construct. This has to handle embedded
+ * quoted strings ('', ``, "") and nested constructs. It also must handle
+ * reprompting the user, if necessary, after reading a newline, and returning
+ * correct error values if it reads EOF.
+ */
+#define P_FIRSTCLOSE 0x0001
+#define P_ALLOWESC 0x0002
+#define P_DQUOTE 0x0004
+#define P_COMMAND 0x0008 /* parsing a command, so look for comments */
+#define P_BACKQUOTE 0x0010 /* parsing a backquoted command substitution */
+#define P_ARRAYSUB 0x0020 /* parsing a [...] array subscript for assignment */
+#define P_DOLBRACE 0x0040 /* parsing a ${...} construct */
+
+/* Lexical state while parsing a grouping construct or $(...). */
+#define LEX_WASDOL 0x001
+#define LEX_CKCOMMENT 0x002
+#define LEX_INCOMMENT 0x004
+#define LEX_PASSNEXT 0x008
+#define LEX_RESWDOK 0x010
+#define LEX_CKCASE 0x020
+#define LEX_INCASE 0x040
+#define LEX_INHEREDOC 0x080
+#define LEX_HEREDELIM 0x100 /* reading here-doc delimiter */
+#define LEX_STRIPDOC 0x200 /* <<- strip tabs from here doc delim */
+#define LEX_INWORD 0x400
+
+#define COMSUB_META(ch) ((ch) == ';' || (ch) == '&' || (ch) == '|')
+
+#define CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR() \
+ do { \
+ if (nestret == &matched_pair_error) \
+ { \
+ free (ret); \
+ return &matched_pair_error; \
+ } \
+ } while (0)
+
+#define APPEND_NESTRET() \
+ do { \
+ if (nestlen) \
+ { \
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, nestlen, retsize, 64); \
+ strcpy (ret + retind, nestret); \
+ retind += nestlen; \
+ } \
+ } while (0)
+
+static char matched_pair_error;
+
+static char *
+parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, flags)
+ int qc; /* `"' if this construct is within double quotes */
+ int open, close;
+ int *lenp, flags;
+{
+ int count, ch, tflags;
+ int nestlen, ttranslen, start_lineno;
+ char *ret, *nestret, *ttrans;
+ int retind, retsize, rflags;
+ int dolbrace_state;
+
+ dolbrace_state = (flags & P_DOLBRACE) ? DOLBRACE_PARAM : 0;
+
+/*itrace("parse_matched_pair[%d]: open = %c close = %c flags = %d", line_number, open, close, flags);*/
+ count = 1;
+ tflags = 0;
+
+ if ((flags & P_COMMAND) && qc != '`' && qc != '\'' && qc != '"' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
+ tflags |= LEX_CKCOMMENT;
+
+ /* RFLAGS is the set of flags we want to pass to recursive calls. */
+ rflags = (qc == '"') ? P_DQUOTE : (flags & P_DQUOTE);
+
+ ret = (char *)xmalloc (retsize = 64);
+ retind = 0;
+
+ start_lineno = line_number;
+ while (count)
+ {
+ ch = shell_getc (qc != '\'' && (tflags & (LEX_PASSNEXT)) == 0);
+
+ if (ch == EOF)
+ {
+ free (ret);
+ parser_error (start_lineno, _("unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"), close);
+ EOF_Reached = 1; /* XXX */
+ return (&matched_pair_error);
+ }
+
+ /* Possible reprompting. */
+ if (ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+
+ /* Don't bother counting parens or doing anything else if in a comment
+ or part of a case statement */
+ if (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT)
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+
+ if (ch == '\n')
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCOMMENT;
+
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Not exactly right yet, should handle shell metacharacters, too. If
+ any changes are made to this test, make analogous changes to subst.c:
+ extract_delimited_string(). */
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_CKCOMMENT) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && ch == '#' && (retind == 0 || ret[retind-1] == '\n' || shellblank (ret[retind - 1])))
+ tflags |= LEX_INCOMMENT;
+
+ if (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) /* last char was backslash */
+ {
+ tflags &= ~LEX_PASSNEXT;
+ if (qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */
+ {
+ if (retind > 0)
+ retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+#if 0
+ if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL)
+#else
+ if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC)
+#endif
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+ /* If we're reparsing the input (e.g., from parse_string_to_word_list),
+ we've already prepended CTLESC to single-quoted results of $'...'.
+ We may want to do this for other CTLESC-quoted characters in
+ reparse, too. */
+ else if MBTEST((parser_state & PST_REPARSE) && open == '\'' && (ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL))
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL) /* special shell escapes */
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(ch == close) /* ending delimiter */
+ count--;
+ /* handle nested ${...} specially. */
+ else if MBTEST(open != close && (tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && open == '{' && ch == open) /* } */
+ count++;
+ else if MBTEST(((flags & P_FIRSTCLOSE) == 0) && ch == open) /* nested begin */
+ count++;
+
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+
+ /* If we just read the ending character, don't bother continuing. */
+ if (count == 0)
+ break;
+
+ if (open == '\'') /* '' inside grouping construct */
+ {
+ if MBTEST((flags & P_ALLOWESC) && ch == '\\')
+ tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if MBTEST(ch == '\\') /* backslashes */
+ tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
+
+ /* Based on which dolstate is currently in (param, op, or word),
+ decide what the op is. We're really only concerned if it's % or
+ #, so we can turn on a flag that says whether or not we should
+ treat single quotes as special when inside a double-quoted
+ ${...}. This logic must agree with subst.c:extract_dollar_brace_string
+ since they share the same defines. */
+ if (flags & P_DOLBRACE)
+ {
+ /* ${param%[%]word} */
+ if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && ch == '%' && retind > 1)
+ dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
+ /* ${param#[#]word} */
+ else if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && ch == '#' && retind > 1)
+ dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
+ /* ${param/[/]pat/rep} */
+ else if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && ch == '/' && retind > 1)
+ dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
+ /* ${param^[^]pat} */
+ else if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && ch == '^' && retind > 1)
+ dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
+ /* ${param,[,]pat} */
+ else if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && ch == ',' && retind > 1)
+ dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_QUOTE;
+ else if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_PARAM && strchr ("#%^,~:-=?+/", ch) != 0)
+ dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_OP;
+ else if MBTEST(dolbrace_state == DOLBRACE_OP && strchr ("#%^,~:-=?+/", ch) == 0)
+ dolbrace_state = DOLBRACE_WORD;
+ }
+
+ /* The big hammer. Single quotes aren't special in double quotes. The
+ problem is that Posix used to say the single quotes are semi-special:
+ within a double-quoted ${...} construct "an even number of
+ unescaped double-quotes or single-quotes, if any, shall occur." */
+ /* This was changed in Austin Group Interp 221 */
+ if MBTEST(posixly_correct && shell_compatibility_level > 41 && dolbrace_state != DOLBRACE_QUOTE && (flags & P_DQUOTE) && (flags & P_DOLBRACE) && ch == '\'')
+ continue;
+
+ /* Could also check open == '`' if we want to parse grouping constructs
+ inside old-style command substitution. */
+ if (open != close) /* a grouping construct */
+ {
+ if MBTEST(shellquote (ch))
+ {
+ /* '', ``, or "" inside $(...) or other grouping construct. */
+ push_delimiter (dstack, ch);
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'') /* $'...' inside group */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, P_ALLOWESC|rflags);
+ else
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, rflags);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Translate $'...' here. */
+ ttrans = ansiexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+
+ if ((rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
+ {
+ nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = strlen (nestret);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ nestret = ttrans;
+ nestlen = ttranslen;
+ }
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $' */
+ }
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '"' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Locale expand $"..." here. */
+ ttrans = localeexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, start_lineno, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+
+ nestret = sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0);
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = ttranslen + 2;
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $" */
+ }
+
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ else if ((flags & P_ARRAYSUB) && (tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
+ goto parse_dollar_word;
+ }
+ /* Parse an old-style command substitution within double quotes as a
+ single word. */
+ /* XXX - sh and ksh93 don't do this - XXX */
+ else if MBTEST(open == '"' && ch == '`')
+ {
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '`', '`', &nestlen, rflags);
+
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(open != '`' && (tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
+ /* check for $(), $[], or ${} inside quoted string. */
+ {
+parse_dollar_word:
+ if (open == ch) /* undo previous increment */
+ count--;
+ if (ch == '(') /* ) */
+ nestret = parse_comsub (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, (rflags|P_COMMAND) & ~P_DQUOTE);
+ else if (ch == '{') /* } */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '{', '}', &nestlen, P_FIRSTCLOSE|P_DOLBRACE|rflags);
+ else if (ch == '[') /* ] */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '[', ']', &nestlen, rflags);
+
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ if MBTEST(ch == '$')
+ tflags |= LEX_WASDOL;
+ else
+ tflags &= ~LEX_WASDOL;
+ }
+
+ ret[retind] = '\0';
+ if (lenp)
+ *lenp = retind;
+/*itrace("parse_matched_pair[%d]: returning %s", line_number, ret);*/
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Parse a $(...) command substitution. This is messier than I'd like, and
+ reproduces a lot more of the token-reading code than I'd like. */
+static char *
+parse_comsub (qc, open, close, lenp, flags)
+ int qc; /* `"' if this construct is within double quotes */
+ int open, close;
+ int *lenp, flags;
+{
+ int count, ch, peekc, tflags, lex_rwlen, lex_wlen, lex_firstind;
+ int nestlen, ttranslen, start_lineno;
+ char *ret, *nestret, *ttrans, *heredelim;
+ int retind, retsize, rflags, hdlen;
+
+ /* Posix interp 217 says arithmetic expressions have precedence, so
+ assume $(( introduces arithmetic expansion and parse accordingly. */
+ peekc = shell_getc (0);
+ shell_ungetc (peekc);
+ if (peekc == '(')
+ return (parse_matched_pair (qc, open, close, lenp, 0));
+
+/*itrace("parse_comsub: qc = `%c' open = %c close = %c", qc, open, close);*/
+ count = 1;
+ tflags = LEX_RESWDOK;
+
+ if ((flags & P_COMMAND) && qc != '\'' && qc != '"' && (flags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
+ tflags |= LEX_CKCASE;
+ if ((tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && (interactive == 0 || interactive_comments))
+ tflags |= LEX_CKCOMMENT;
+
+ /* RFLAGS is the set of flags we want to pass to recursive calls. */
+ rflags = (flags & P_DQUOTE);
+
+ ret = (char *)xmalloc (retsize = 64);
+ retind = 0;
+
+ start_lineno = line_number;
+ lex_rwlen = lex_wlen = 0;
+
+ heredelim = 0;
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+
+ while (count)
+ {
+comsub_readchar:
+ ch = shell_getc (qc != '\'' && (tflags & (LEX_INCOMMENT|LEX_PASSNEXT)) == 0);
+
+ if (ch == EOF)
+ {
+eof_error:
+ free (ret);
+ FREE (heredelim);
+ parser_error (start_lineno, _("unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"), close);
+ EOF_Reached = 1; /* XXX */
+ return (&matched_pair_error);
+ }
+
+ /* If we hit the end of a line and are reading the contents of a here
+ document, and it's not the same line that the document starts on,
+ check for this line being the here doc delimiter. Otherwise, if
+ we're in a here document, mark the next character as the beginning
+ of a line. */
+ if (ch == '\n')
+ {
+ if ((tflags & LEX_HEREDELIM) && heredelim)
+ {
+ tflags &= ~LEX_HEREDELIM;
+ tflags |= LEX_INHEREDOC;
+ lex_firstind = retind + 1;
+ }
+ else if (tflags & LEX_INHEREDOC)
+ {
+ int tind;
+ tind = lex_firstind;
+ while ((tflags & LEX_STRIPDOC) && ret[tind] == '\t')
+ tind++;
+ if (STREQN (ret + tind, heredelim, hdlen))
+ {
+ tflags &= ~(LEX_STRIPDOC|LEX_INHEREDOC);
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found here doc end `%s'", line_number, ret + tind);*/
+ free (heredelim);
+ heredelim = 0;
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+ }
+ else
+ lex_firstind = retind + 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Possible reprompting. */
+ if (ch == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+
+ /* XXX -- possibly allow here doc to be delimited by ending right
+ paren. */
+ if ((tflags & LEX_INHEREDOC) && ch == close && count == 1)
+ {
+ int tind;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub: in here doc, ch == close, retind - firstind = %d hdlen = %d retind = %d", retind-lex_firstind, hdlen, retind);*/
+ tind = lex_firstind;
+ while ((tflags & LEX_STRIPDOC) && ret[tind] == '\t')
+ tind++;
+ if (retind-tind == hdlen && STREQN (ret + tind, heredelim, hdlen))
+ {
+ tflags &= ~(LEX_STRIPDOC|LEX_INHEREDOC);
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found here doc end `%s'", line_number, ret + tind);*/
+ free (heredelim);
+ heredelim = 0;
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Don't bother counting parens or doing anything else if in a comment */
+ if (tflags & (LEX_INCOMMENT|LEX_INHEREDOC))
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+
+ if ((tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) && ch == '\n')
+{
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_incomment -> 0 ch = `%c'", line_number, ch);*/
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCOMMENT;
+}
+
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) /* last char was backslash */
+ {
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_passnext -> 0 ch = `%c' (%d)", line_number, ch, __LINE__);*/
+ tflags &= ~LEX_PASSNEXT;
+ if (qc != '\'' && ch == '\n') /* double-quoted \<newline> disappears. */
+ {
+ if (retind > 0)
+ retind--; /* swallow previously-added backslash */
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+#if 0
+ if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL)
+#else
+ if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC)
+#endif
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* If this is a shell break character, we are not in a word. If not,
+ we either start or continue a word. */
+ if MBTEST(shellbreak (ch))
+ {
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INWORD;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_inword -> 0 ch = `%c' (%d)", line_number, ch, __LINE__);*/
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (tflags & LEX_INWORD)
+ {
+ lex_wlen++;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_inword == 1 ch = `%c' lex_wlen = %d (%d)", line_number, ch, lex_wlen, __LINE__);*/
+ }
+ else
+ {
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_inword -> 1 ch = `%c' (%d)", line_number, ch, __LINE__);*/
+ tflags |= LEX_INWORD;
+ lex_wlen = 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Skip whitespace */
+ if MBTEST(shellblank (ch) && (tflags & LEX_HEREDELIM) == 0 && lex_rwlen == 0)
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Either we are looking for the start of the here-doc delimiter
+ (lex_firstind == -1) or we are reading one (lex_firstind >= 0).
+ If this character is a shell break character and we are reading
+ the delimiter, save it and note that we are now reading a here
+ document. If we've found the start of the delimiter, note it by
+ setting lex_firstind. Backslashes can quote shell metacharacters
+ in here-doc delimiters. */
+ if (tflags & LEX_HEREDELIM)
+ {
+ if (lex_firstind == -1 && shellbreak (ch) == 0)
+ lex_firstind = retind;
+#if 0
+ else if (heredelim && (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) == 0 && ch == '\n')
+ {
+ tflags |= LEX_INHEREDOC;
+ tflags &= ~LEX_HEREDELIM;
+ lex_firstind = retind + 1;
+ }
+#endif
+ else if (lex_firstind >= 0 && (tflags & LEX_PASSNEXT) == 0 && shellbreak (ch))
+ {
+ if (heredelim == 0)
+ {
+ nestret = substring (ret, lex_firstind, retind);
+ heredelim = string_quote_removal (nestret, 0);
+ free (nestret);
+ hdlen = STRLEN(heredelim);
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found here doc delimiter `%s' (%d)", line_number, heredelim, hdlen);*/
+ }
+ if (ch == '\n')
+ {
+ tflags |= LEX_INHEREDOC;
+ tflags &= ~LEX_HEREDELIM;
+ lex_firstind = retind + 1;
+ }
+ else
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Meta-characters that can introduce a reserved word. Not perfect yet. */
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_RESWDOK) == 0 && (tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && (shellmeta(ch) || ch == '\n'))
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ peekc = shell_getc (1);
+ if (ch == peekc && (ch == '&' || ch == '|' || ch == ';')) /* two-character tokens */
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = peekc;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: set lex_reswordok = 1, ch = `%c'", line_number, ch);*/
+ tflags |= LEX_RESWDOK;
+ lex_rwlen = 0;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (ch == '\n' || COMSUB_META(ch))
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peekc);
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: set lex_reswordok = 1, ch = `%c'", line_number, ch);*/
+ tflags |= LEX_RESWDOK;
+ lex_rwlen = 0;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (ch == EOF)
+ goto eof_error;
+ else
+ {
+ /* `unget' the character we just added and fall through */
+ retind--;
+ shell_ungetc (peekc);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* If we can read a reserved word, try to read one. */
+ if (tflags & LEX_RESWDOK)
+ {
+ if MBTEST(islower (ch))
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ lex_rwlen++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST(lex_rwlen == 4 && shellbreak (ch))
+ {
+ if (STREQN (ret + retind - 4, "case", 4))
+{
+ tflags |= LEX_INCASE;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `case', lex_incase -> 1 lex_reswdok -> 0", line_number);*/
+}
+ else if (STREQN (ret + retind - 4, "esac", 4))
+{
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCASE;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `esac', lex_incase -> 0 lex_reswdok -> 0", line_number);*/
+}
+ tflags &= ~LEX_RESWDOK;
+ }
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_CKCOMMENT) && ch == '#' && (lex_rwlen == 0 || ((tflags & LEX_INWORD) && lex_wlen == 0)))
+ ; /* don't modify LEX_RESWDOK if we're starting a comment */
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_INCASE) && ch != '\n')
+ /* If we can read a reserved word and we're in case, we're at the
+ point where we can read a new pattern list or an esac. We
+ handle the esac case above. If we read a newline, we want to
+ leave LEX_RESWDOK alone. If we read anything else, we want to
+ turn off LEX_RESWDOK, since we're going to read a pattern list. */
+{
+ tflags &= ~LEX_RESWDOK;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_incase == 1 found `%c', lex_reswordok -> 0", line_number, ch);*/
+}
+ else if MBTEST(shellbreak (ch) == 0)
+{
+ tflags &= ~LEX_RESWDOK;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found `%c', lex_reswordok -> 0", line_number, ch);*/
+}
+ }
+
+ /* Might be the start of a here-doc delimiter */
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && (tflags & LEX_CKCASE) && ch == '<')
+ {
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ peekc = shell_getc (1);
+ if (peekc == EOF)
+ goto eof_error;
+ if (peekc == ch)
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = peekc;
+ peekc = shell_getc (1);
+ if (peekc == EOF)
+ goto eof_error;
+ if (peekc == '-')
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = peekc;
+ tflags |= LEX_STRIPDOC;
+ }
+ else
+ shell_ungetc (peekc);
+ if (peekc != '<')
+ {
+ tflags |= LEX_HEREDELIM;
+ lex_firstind = -1;
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ else
+ ch = peekc; /* fall through and continue XXX */
+ }
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_CKCOMMENT) && (tflags & LEX_INCOMMENT) == 0 && ch == '#' && (((tflags & LEX_RESWDOK) && lex_rwlen == 0) || ((tflags & LEX_INWORD) && lex_wlen == 0)))
+{
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: lex_incomment -> 1 (%d)", line_number, __LINE__);*/
+ tflags |= LEX_INCOMMENT;
+}
+
+ if MBTEST(ch == CTLESC || ch == CTLNUL) /* special shell escapes */
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 2, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = CTLESC;
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+ continue;
+ }
+#if 0
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_INCASE) && ch == close && close == ')')
+ tflags &= ~LEX_INCASE; /* XXX */
+#endif
+ else if MBTEST(ch == close && (tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0) /* ending delimiter */
+{
+ count--;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found close: count = %d", line_number, count);*/
+}
+ else if MBTEST(((flags & P_FIRSTCLOSE) == 0) && (tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0 && ch == open) /* nested begin */
+{
+ count++;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: found open: count = %d", line_number, count);*/
+}
+
+ /* Add this character. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (ret, retind, 1, retsize, 64);
+ ret[retind++] = ch;
+
+ /* If we just read the ending character, don't bother continuing. */
+ if (count == 0)
+ break;
+
+ if MBTEST(ch == '\\') /* backslashes */
+ tflags |= LEX_PASSNEXT;
+
+ if MBTEST(shellquote (ch))
+ {
+ /* '', ``, or "" inside $(...). */
+ push_delimiter (dstack, ch);
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'') /* $'...' inside group */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, P_ALLOWESC|rflags);
+ else
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (ch, ch, ch, &nestlen, rflags);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+
+ if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '\'' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Translate $'...' here. */
+ ttrans = ansiexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+
+ if ((rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0)
+ {
+ nestret = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = strlen (nestret);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ nestret = ttrans;
+ nestlen = ttranslen;
+ }
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $' */
+ }
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && ch == '"' && (extended_quote || (rflags & P_DQUOTE) == 0))
+ {
+ /* Locale expand $"..." here. */
+ ttrans = localeexpand (nestret, 0, nestlen - 1, start_lineno, &ttranslen);
+ xfree (nestret);
+
+ nestret = sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0);
+ free (ttrans);
+ nestlen = ttranslen + 2;
+ retind -= 2; /* back up before the $" */
+ }
+
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ else if MBTEST((tflags & LEX_WASDOL) && (ch == '(' || ch == '{' || ch == '[')) /* ) } ] */
+ /* check for $(), $[], or ${} inside command substitution. */
+ {
+ if ((tflags & LEX_INCASE) == 0 && open == ch) /* undo previous increment */
+ count--;
+ if (ch == '(') /* ) */
+ nestret = parse_comsub (0, '(', ')', &nestlen, (rflags|P_COMMAND) & ~P_DQUOTE);
+ else if (ch == '{') /* } */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '{', '}', &nestlen, P_FIRSTCLOSE|P_DOLBRACE|rflags);
+ else if (ch == '[') /* ] */
+ nestret = parse_matched_pair (0, '[', ']', &nestlen, rflags);
+
+ CHECK_NESTRET_ERROR ();
+ APPEND_NESTRET ();
+
+ FREE (nestret);
+ }
+ if MBTEST(ch == '$')
+ tflags |= LEX_WASDOL;
+ else
+ tflags &= ~LEX_WASDOL;
+ }
+
+ FREE (heredelim);
+ ret[retind] = '\0';
+ if (lenp)
+ *lenp = retind;
+/*itrace("parse_comsub:%d: returning `%s'", line_number, ret);*/
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Recursively call the parser to parse a $(...) command substitution. */
+char *
+xparse_dolparen (base, string, indp, flags)
+ char *base;
+ char *string;
+ int *indp;
+ int flags;
+{
+ sh_parser_state_t ps;
+ sh_input_line_state_t ls;
+ int orig_ind, nc, sflags;
+ char *ret, *s, *ep, *ostring;
+
+ /*yydebug = 1;*/
+ orig_ind = *indp;
+ ostring = string;
+
+/*itrace("xparse_dolparen: size = %d shell_input_line = `%s'", shell_input_line_size, shell_input_line);*/
+ sflags = SEVAL_NONINT|SEVAL_NOHIST|SEVAL_NOFREE;
+ if (flags & SX_NOLONGJMP)
+ sflags |= SEVAL_NOLONGJMP;
+ save_parser_state (&ps);
+ save_input_line_state (&ls);
+
+ /*(*/
+ parser_state |= PST_CMDSUBST|PST_EOFTOKEN; /* allow instant ')' */ /*(*/
+ shell_eof_token = ')';
+ parse_string (string, "command substitution", sflags, &ep);
+
+ restore_parser_state (&ps);
+ reset_parser ();
+ /* reset_parser clears shell_input_line and associated variables */
+ restore_input_line_state (&ls);
+ if (interactive)
+ token_to_read = 0;
+
+ /* Need to find how many characters parse_and_execute consumed, update
+ *indp, if flags != 0, copy the portion of the string parsed into RET
+ and return it. If flags & 1 (EX_NOALLOC) we can return NULL. */
+
+ /*(*/
+ if (ep[-1] != ')')
+ {
+#if DEBUG
+ if (ep[-1] != '\n')
+ itrace("xparse_dolparen:%d: ep[-1] != RPAREN (%d), ep = `%s'", line_number, ep[-1], ep);
+#endif
+ while (ep > ostring && ep[-1] == '\n') ep--;
+ }
+
+ nc = ep - ostring;
+ *indp = ep - base - 1;
+
+ /*(*/
+#if DEBUG
+ if (base[*indp] != ')')
+ itrace("xparse_dolparen:%d: base[%d] != RPAREN (%d), base = `%s'", line_number, *indp, base[*indp], base);
+#endif
+
+ if (flags & SX_NOALLOC)
+ return (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (nc == 0)
+ {
+ ret = xmalloc (1);
+ ret[0] = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ ret = substring (ostring, 0, nc - 1);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC) || defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+/* Parse a double-paren construct. It can be either an arithmetic
+ command, an arithmetic `for' command, or a nested subshell. Returns
+ the parsed token, -1 on error, or -2 if we didn't do anything and
+ should just go on. */
+static int
+parse_dparen (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ int cmdtyp, sline;
+ char *wval;
+ WORD_DESC *wd;
+
+#if defined (ARITH_FOR_COMMAND)
+ if (last_read_token == FOR)
+ {
+ arith_for_lineno = line_number;
+ cmdtyp = parse_arith_cmd (&wval, 0);
+ if (cmdtyp == 1)
+ {
+ wd = alloc_word_desc ();
+ wd->word = wval;
+ yylval.word_list = make_word_list (wd, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ return (ARITH_FOR_EXPRS);
+ }
+ else
+ return -1; /* ERROR */
+ }
+#endif
+
+#if defined (DPAREN_ARITHMETIC)
+ if (reserved_word_acceptable (last_read_token))
+ {
+ sline = line_number;
+
+ cmdtyp = parse_arith_cmd (&wval, 0);
+ if (cmdtyp == 1) /* arithmetic command */
+ {
+ wd = alloc_word_desc ();
+ wd->word = wval;
+ wd->flags = W_QUOTED|W_NOSPLIT|W_NOGLOB|W_DQUOTE;
+ yylval.word_list = make_word_list (wd, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ return (ARITH_CMD);
+ }
+ else if (cmdtyp == 0) /* nested subshell */
+ {
+ push_string (wval, 0, (alias_t *)NULL);
+ if ((parser_state & PST_CASEPAT) == 0)
+ parser_state |= PST_SUBSHELL;
+ return (c);
+ }
+ else /* ERROR */
+ return -1;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ return -2; /* XXX */
+}
+
+/* We've seen a `(('. Look for the matching `))'. If we get it, return 1.
+ If not, assume it's a nested subshell for backwards compatibility and
+ return 0. In any case, put the characters we've consumed into a locally-
+ allocated buffer and make *ep point to that buffer. Return -1 on an
+ error, for example EOF. */
+static int
+parse_arith_cmd (ep, adddq)
+ char **ep;
+ int adddq;
+{
+ int exp_lineno, rval, c;
+ char *ttok, *tokstr;
+ int ttoklen;
+
+ exp_lineno = line_number;
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (0, '(', ')', &ttoklen, 0);
+ rval = 1;
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1;
+ /* Check that the next character is the closing right paren. If
+ not, this is a syntax error. ( */
+ c = shell_getc (0);
+ if MBTEST(c != ')')
+ rval = 0;
+
+ tokstr = (char *)xmalloc (ttoklen + 4);
+
+ /* if ADDDQ != 0 then (( ... )) -> "..." */
+ if (rval == 1 && adddq) /* arith cmd, add double quotes */
+ {
+ tokstr[0] = '"';
+ strncpy (tokstr + 1, ttok, ttoklen - 1);
+ tokstr[ttoklen] = '"';
+ tokstr[ttoklen+1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else if (rval == 1) /* arith cmd, don't add double quotes */
+ {
+ strncpy (tokstr, ttok, ttoklen - 1);
+ tokstr[ttoklen-1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else /* nested subshell */
+ {
+ tokstr[0] = '(';
+ strncpy (tokstr + 1, ttok, ttoklen - 1);
+ tokstr[ttoklen] = ')';
+ tokstr[ttoklen+1] = c;
+ tokstr[ttoklen+2] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ *ep = tokstr;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ return rval;
+}
+#endif /* DPAREN_ARITHMETIC || ARITH_FOR_COMMAND */
+
+#if defined (COND_COMMAND)
+static void
+cond_error ()
+{
+ char *etext;
+
+ if (EOF_Reached && cond_token != COND_ERROR) /* [[ */
+ parser_error (cond_lineno, _("unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'"));
+ else if (cond_token != COND_ERROR)
+ {
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (cond_token))
+ {
+ parser_error (cond_lineno, _("syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (cond_lineno, _("syntax error in conditional expression"));
+ }
+}
+
+static COND_COM *
+cond_expr ()
+{
+ return (cond_or ());
+}
+
+static COND_COM *
+cond_or ()
+{
+ COND_COM *l, *r;
+
+ l = cond_and ();
+ if (cond_token == OR_OR)
+ {
+ r = cond_or ();
+ l = make_cond_node (COND_OR, (WORD_DESC *)NULL, l, r);
+ }
+ return l;
+}
+
+static COND_COM *
+cond_and ()
+{
+ COND_COM *l, *r;
+
+ l = cond_term ();
+ if (cond_token == AND_AND)
+ {
+ r = cond_and ();
+ l = make_cond_node (COND_AND, (WORD_DESC *)NULL, l, r);
+ }
+ return l;
+}
+
+static int
+cond_skip_newlines ()
+{
+ while ((cond_token = read_token (READ)) == '\n')
+ {
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ }
+ return (cond_token);
+}
+
+#define COND_RETURN_ERROR() \
+ do { cond_token = COND_ERROR; return ((COND_COM *)NULL); } while (0)
+
+static COND_COM *
+cond_term ()
+{
+ WORD_DESC *op;
+ COND_COM *term, *tleft, *tright;
+ int tok, lineno;
+ char *etext;
+
+ /* Read a token. It can be a left paren, a `!', a unary operator, or a
+ word that should be the first argument of a binary operator. Start by
+ skipping newlines, since this is a compound command. */
+ tok = cond_skip_newlines ();
+ lineno = line_number;
+ if (tok == COND_END)
+ {
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+ else if (tok == '(')
+ {
+ term = cond_expr ();
+ if (cond_token != ')')
+ {
+ if (term)
+ dispose_cond_node (term); /* ( */
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (cond_token))
+ {
+ parser_error (lineno, _("unexpected token `%s', expected `)'"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (lineno, _("expected `)'"));
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+ term = make_cond_node (COND_EXPR, (WORD_DESC *)NULL, term, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ (void)cond_skip_newlines ();
+ }
+ else if (tok == BANG || (tok == WORD && (yylval.word->word[0] == '!' && yylval.word->word[1] == '\0')))
+ {
+ if (tok == WORD)
+ dispose_word (yylval.word); /* not needed */
+ term = cond_term ();
+ if (term)
+ term->flags |= CMD_INVERT_RETURN;
+ }
+ else if (tok == WORD && yylval.word->word[0] == '-' && yylval.word->word[2] == 0 && test_unop (yylval.word->word))
+ {
+ op = yylval.word;
+ tok = read_token (READ);
+ if (tok == WORD)
+ {
+ tleft = make_cond_node (COND_TERM, yylval.word, (COND_COM *)NULL, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ term = make_cond_node (COND_UNARY, op, tleft, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ dispose_word (op);
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operator"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument to conditional unary operator"));
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+
+ (void)cond_skip_newlines ();
+ }
+ else if (tok == WORD) /* left argument to binary operator */
+ {
+ /* lhs */
+ tleft = make_cond_node (COND_TERM, yylval.word, (COND_COM *)NULL, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+
+ /* binop */
+ tok = read_token (READ);
+ if (tok == WORD && test_binop (yylval.word->word))
+ {
+ op = yylval.word;
+ if (op->word[0] == '=' && (op->word[1] == '\0' || (op->word[1] == '=' && op->word[2] == '\0')))
+ parser_state |= PST_EXTPAT;
+ else if (op->word[0] == '!' && op->word[1] == '=' && op->word[2] == '\0')
+ parser_state |= PST_EXTPAT;
+ }
+#if defined (COND_REGEXP)
+ else if (tok == WORD && STREQ (yylval.word->word, "=~"))
+ {
+ op = yylval.word;
+ parser_state |= PST_REGEXP;
+ }
+#endif
+ else if (tok == '<' || tok == '>')
+ op = make_word_from_token (tok); /* ( */
+ /* There should be a check before blindly accepting the `)' that we have
+ seen the opening `('. */
+ else if (tok == COND_END || tok == AND_AND || tok == OR_OR || tok == ')')
+ {
+ /* Special case. [[ x ]] is equivalent to [[ -n x ]], just like
+ the test command. Similarly for [[ x && expr ]] or
+ [[ x || expr ]] or [[ (x) ]]. */
+ op = make_word ("-n");
+ term = make_cond_node (COND_UNARY, op, tleft, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ cond_token = tok;
+ return (term);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expected"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (line_number, _("conditional binary operator expected"));
+ dispose_cond_node (tleft);
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+
+ /* rhs */
+ if (parser_state & PST_EXTPAT)
+ extended_glob = 1;
+ tok = read_token (READ);
+ if (parser_state & PST_EXTPAT)
+ extended_glob = global_extglob;
+ parser_state &= ~(PST_REGEXP|PST_EXTPAT);
+
+ if (tok == WORD)
+ {
+ tright = make_cond_node (COND_TERM, yylval.word, (COND_COM *)NULL, (COND_COM *)NULL);
+ term = make_cond_node (COND_BINARY, op, tleft, tright);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operator"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected argument to conditional binary operator"));
+ dispose_cond_node (tleft);
+ dispose_word (op);
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+
+ (void)cond_skip_newlines ();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (tok < 256)
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token `%c' in conditional command"), tok);
+ else if (etext = error_token_from_token (tok))
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token `%s' in conditional command"), etext);
+ free (etext);
+ }
+ else
+ parser_error (line_number, _("unexpected token %d in conditional command"), tok);
+ COND_RETURN_ERROR ();
+ }
+ return (term);
+}
+
+/* This is kind of bogus -- we slip a mini recursive-descent parser in
+ here to handle the conditional statement syntax. */
+static COMMAND *
+parse_cond_command ()
+{
+ COND_COM *cexp;
+
+ global_extglob = extended_glob;
+ cexp = cond_expr ();
+ return (make_cond_command (cexp));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+/* When this is called, it's guaranteed that we don't care about anything
+ in t beyond i. We do save and restore the chars, though. */
+static int
+token_is_assignment (t, i)
+ char *t;
+ int i;
+{
+ unsigned char c, c1;
+ int r;
+
+ c = t[i]; c1 = t[i+1];
+ t[i] = '='; t[i+1] = '\0';
+ r = assignment (t, (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN) != 0);
+ t[i] = c; t[i+1] = c1;
+ return r;
+}
+
+/* XXX - possible changes here for `+=' */
+static int
+token_is_ident (t, i)
+ char *t;
+ int i;
+{
+ unsigned char c;
+ int r;
+
+ c = t[i];
+ t[i] = '\0';
+ r = legal_identifier (t);
+ t[i] = c;
+ return r;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int
+read_token_word (character)
+ int character;
+{
+ /* The value for YYLVAL when a WORD is read. */
+ WORD_DESC *the_word;
+
+ /* Index into the token that we are building. */
+ int token_index;
+
+ /* ALL_DIGITS becomes zero when we see a non-digit. */
+ int all_digit_token;
+
+ /* DOLLAR_PRESENT becomes non-zero if we see a `$'. */
+ int dollar_present;
+
+ /* COMPOUND_ASSIGNMENT becomes non-zero if we are parsing a compound
+ assignment. */
+ int compound_assignment;
+
+ /* QUOTED becomes non-zero if we see one of ("), ('), (`), or (\). */
+ int quoted;
+
+ /* Non-zero means to ignore the value of the next character, and just
+ to add it no matter what. */
+ int pass_next_character;
+
+ /* The current delimiting character. */
+ int cd;
+ int result, peek_char;
+ char *ttok, *ttrans;
+ int ttoklen, ttranslen;
+ intmax_t lvalue;
+
+ if (token_buffer_size < TOKEN_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE)
+ token = (char *)xrealloc (token, token_buffer_size = TOKEN_DEFAULT_INITIAL_SIZE);
+
+ token_index = 0;
+ all_digit_token = DIGIT (character);
+ dollar_present = quoted = pass_next_character = compound_assignment = 0;
+
+ for (;;)
+ {
+ if (character == EOF)
+ goto got_token;
+
+ if (pass_next_character)
+ {
+ pass_next_character = 0;
+ goto got_escaped_character;
+ }
+
+ cd = current_delimiter (dstack);
+
+ /* Handle backslashes. Quote lots of things when not inside of
+ double-quotes, quote some things inside of double-quotes. */
+ if MBTEST(character == '\\')
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (0);
+
+ /* Backslash-newline is ignored in all cases except
+ when quoted with single quotes. */
+ if (peek_char == '\n')
+ {
+ character = '\n';
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+
+ /* If the next character is to be quoted, note it now. */
+ if (cd == 0 || cd == '`' ||
+ (cd == '"' && peek_char >= 0 && (sh_syntaxtab[peek_char] & CBSDQUOTE)))
+ pass_next_character++;
+
+ quoted = 1;
+ goto got_character;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Parse a matched pair of quote characters. */
+ if MBTEST(shellquote (character))
+ {
+ push_delimiter (dstack, character);
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (character, character, character, &ttoklen, (character == '`') ? P_COMMAND : 0);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size, TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ quoted = 1;
+ dollar_present |= (character == '"' && strchr (ttok, '$') != 0);
+ FREE (ttok);
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+
+#ifdef COND_REGEXP
+ /* When parsing a regexp as a single word inside a conditional command,
+ we need to special-case characters special to both the shell and
+ regular expressions. Right now, that is only '(' and '|'. */ /*)*/
+ if MBTEST((parser_state & PST_REGEXP) && (character == '(' || character == '|')) /*)*/
+ {
+ if (character == '|')
+ goto got_character;
+
+ push_delimiter (dstack, character);
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '(', ')', &ttoklen, 0);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size, TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ dollar_present = all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+#endif /* COND_REGEXP */
+
+#ifdef EXTENDED_GLOB
+ /* Parse a ksh-style extended pattern matching specification. */
+ if MBTEST(extended_glob && PATTERN_CHAR (character))
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '(') /* ) */
+ {
+ push_delimiter (dstack, peek_char);
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '(', ')', &ttoklen, 0);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 3,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ token[token_index++] = peek_char;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ dollar_present = all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ else
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ }
+#endif /* EXTENDED_GLOB */
+
+ /* If the delimiter character is not single quote, parse some of
+ the shell expansions that must be read as a single word. */
+ if (shellexp (character))
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ /* $(...), <(...), >(...), $((...)), ${...}, and $[...] constructs */
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '(' ||
+ ((peek_char == '{' || peek_char == '[') && character == '$')) /* ) ] } */
+ {
+ if (peek_char == '{') /* } */
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '{', '}', &ttoklen, P_FIRSTCLOSE|P_DOLBRACE);
+ else if (peek_char == '(') /* ) */
+ {
+ /* XXX - push and pop the `(' as a delimiter for use by
+ the command-oriented-history code. This way newlines
+ appearing in the $(...) string get added to the
+ history literally rather than causing a possibly-
+ incorrect `;' to be added. ) */
+ push_delimiter (dstack, peek_char);
+ ttok = parse_comsub (cd, '(', ')', &ttoklen, P_COMMAND);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ }
+ else
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '[', ']', &ttoklen, 0);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 3,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ token[token_index++] = peek_char;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ dollar_present = 1;
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ /* This handles $'...' and $"..." new-style quoted strings. */
+ else if MBTEST(character == '$' && (peek_char == '\'' || peek_char == '"'))
+ {
+ int first_line;
+
+ first_line = line_number;
+ push_delimiter (dstack, peek_char);
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (peek_char, peek_char, peek_char,
+ &ttoklen,
+ (peek_char == '\'') ? P_ALLOWESC : 0);
+ pop_delimiter (dstack);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1;
+ if (peek_char == '\'')
+ {
+ ttrans = ansiexpand (ttok, 0, ttoklen - 1, &ttranslen);
+ free (ttok);
+
+ /* Insert the single quotes and correctly quote any
+ embedded single quotes (allowed because P_ALLOWESC was
+ passed to parse_matched_pair). */
+ ttok = sh_single_quote (ttrans);
+ free (ttrans);
+ ttranslen = strlen (ttok);
+ ttrans = ttok;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Try to locale-expand the converted string. */
+ ttrans = localeexpand (ttok, 0, ttoklen - 1, first_line, &ttranslen);
+ free (ttok);
+
+ /* Add the double quotes back */
+ ttok = sh_mkdoublequoted (ttrans, ttranslen, 0);
+ free (ttrans);
+ ttranslen += 2;
+ ttrans = ttok;
+ }
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttranslen + 1,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttrans);
+ token_index += ttranslen;
+ FREE (ttrans);
+ quoted = 1;
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ /* This could eventually be extended to recognize all of the
+ shell's single-character parameter expansions, and set flags.*/
+ else if MBTEST(character == '$' && peek_char == '$')
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, 3,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = '$';
+ token[token_index++] = peek_char;
+ dollar_present = 1;
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ else
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ }
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ /* Identify possible array subscript assignment; match [...]. If
+ parser_state&PST_COMPASSIGN, we need to parse [sub]=words treating
+ `sub' as if it were enclosed in double quotes. */
+ else if MBTEST(character == '[' && /* ] */
+ ((token_index > 0 && assignment_acceptable (last_read_token) && token_is_ident (token, token_index)) ||
+ (token_index == 0 && (parser_state&PST_COMPASSIGN))))
+ {
+ ttok = parse_matched_pair (cd, '[', ']', &ttoklen, P_ARRAYSUB);
+ if (ttok == &matched_pair_error)
+ return -1; /* Bail immediately. */
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 2,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ FREE (ttok);
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ goto next_character;
+ }
+ /* Identify possible compound array variable assignment. */
+ else if MBTEST(character == '=' && token_index > 0 && (assignment_acceptable (last_read_token) || (parser_state & PST_ASSIGNOK)) && token_is_assignment (token, token_index))
+ {
+ peek_char = shell_getc (1);
+ if MBTEST(peek_char == '(') /* ) */
+ {
+ ttok = parse_compound_assignment (&ttoklen);
+
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, ttoklen + 4,
+ token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+
+ token[token_index++] = '=';
+ token[token_index++] = '(';
+ if (ttok)
+ {
+ strcpy (token + token_index, ttok);
+ token_index += ttoklen;
+ }
+ token[token_index++] = ')';
+ FREE (ttok);
+ all_digit_token = 0;
+ compound_assignment = 1;
+#if 1
+ goto next_character;
+#else
+ goto got_token; /* ksh93 seems to do this */
+#endif
+ }
+ else
+ shell_ungetc (peek_char);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ /* When not parsing a multi-character word construct, shell meta-
+ characters break words. */
+ if MBTEST(shellbreak (character))
+ {
+ shell_ungetc (character);
+ goto got_token;
+ }
+
+got_character:
+
+ if (character == CTLESC || character == CTLNUL)
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, 2, token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+ token[token_index++] = CTLESC;
+ }
+ else
+got_escaped_character:
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (token, token_index, 1, token_buffer_size,
+ TOKEN_DEFAULT_GROW_SIZE);
+
+ token[token_index++] = character;
+
+ all_digit_token &= DIGIT (character);
+ dollar_present |= character == '$';
+
+ next_character:
+ if (character == '\n' && SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+
+ /* We want to remove quoted newlines (that is, a \<newline> pair)
+ unless we are within single quotes or pass_next_character is
+ set (the shell equivalent of literal-next). */
+ cd = current_delimiter (dstack);
+ character = shell_getc (cd != '\'' && pass_next_character == 0);
+ } /* end for (;;) */
+
+got_token:
+
+ /* Calls to RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER ensure there is sufficient room. */
+ token[token_index] = '\0';
+
+ /* Check to see what thing we should return. If the last_read_token
+ is a `<', or a `&', or the character which ended this token is
+ a '>' or '<', then, and ONLY then, is this input token a NUMBER.
+ Otherwise, it is just a word, and should be returned as such. */
+ if MBTEST(all_digit_token && (character == '<' || character == '>' ||
+ last_read_token == LESS_AND ||
+ last_read_token == GREATER_AND))
+ {
+ if (legal_number (token, &lvalue) && (int)lvalue == lvalue)
+ yylval.number = lvalue;
+ else
+ yylval.number = -1;
+ return (NUMBER);
+ }
+
+ /* Check for special case tokens. */
+ result = (last_shell_getc_is_singlebyte) ? special_case_tokens (token) : -1;
+ if (result >= 0)
+ return result;
+
+#if defined (ALIAS)
+ /* Posix.2 does not allow reserved words to be aliased, so check for all
+ of them, including special cases, before expanding the current token
+ as an alias. */
+ if MBTEST(posixly_correct)
+ CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD (token);
+
+ /* Aliases are expanded iff EXPAND_ALIASES is non-zero, and quoting
+ inhibits alias expansion. */
+ if (expand_aliases && quoted == 0)
+ {
+ result = alias_expand_token (token);
+ if (result == RE_READ_TOKEN)
+ return (RE_READ_TOKEN);
+ else if (result == NO_EXPANSION)
+ parser_state &= ~PST_ALEXPNEXT;
+ }
+
+ /* If not in Posix.2 mode, check for reserved words after alias
+ expansion. */
+ if MBTEST(posixly_correct == 0)
+#endif
+ CHECK_FOR_RESERVED_WORD (token);
+
+ the_word = (WORD_DESC *)xmalloc (sizeof (WORD_DESC));
+ the_word->word = (char *)xmalloc (1 + token_index);
+ the_word->flags = 0;
+ strcpy (the_word->word, token);
+ if (dollar_present)
+ the_word->flags |= W_HASDOLLAR;
+ if (quoted)
+ the_word->flags |= W_QUOTED; /*(*/
+ if (compound_assignment && token[token_index-1] == ')')
+ the_word->flags |= W_COMPASSIGN;
+ /* A word is an assignment if it appears at the beginning of a
+ simple command, or after another assignment word. This is
+ context-dependent, so it cannot be handled in the grammar. */
+ if (assignment (token, (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN) != 0))
+ {
+ the_word->flags |= W_ASSIGNMENT;
+ /* Don't perform word splitting on assignment statements. */
+ if (assignment_acceptable (last_read_token) || (parser_state & PST_COMPASSIGN) != 0)
+ the_word->flags |= W_NOSPLIT;
+ }
+
+ if (command_token_position (last_read_token))
+ {
+ struct builtin *b;
+ b = builtin_address_internal (token, 0);
+ if (b && (b->flags & ASSIGNMENT_BUILTIN))
+ parser_state |= PST_ASSIGNOK;
+ else if (STREQ (token, "eval") || STREQ (token, "let"))
+ parser_state |= PST_ASSIGNOK;
+ }
+
+ yylval.word = the_word;
+
+ if (token[0] == '{' && token[token_index-1] == '}' &&
+ (character == '<' || character == '>'))
+ {
+ /* can use token; already copied to the_word */
+ token[token_index-1] = '\0';
+ if (legal_identifier (token+1))
+ {
+ strcpy (the_word->word, token+1);
+/*itrace("read_token_word: returning REDIR_WORD for %s", the_word->word);*/
+ return (REDIR_WORD);
+ }
+ }
+
+ result = ((the_word->flags & (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_NOSPLIT)) == (W_ASSIGNMENT|W_NOSPLIT))
+ ? ASSIGNMENT_WORD : WORD;
+
+ switch (last_read_token)
+ {
+ case FUNCTION:
+ parser_state |= PST_ALLOWOPNBRC;
+ function_dstart = line_number;
+ break;
+ case CASE:
+ case SELECT:
+ case FOR:
+ if (word_top < MAX_CASE_NEST)
+ word_top++;
+ word_lineno[word_top] = line_number;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/* Return 1 if TOKSYM is a token that after being read would allow
+ a reserved word to be seen, else 0. */
+static int
+reserved_word_acceptable (toksym)
+ int toksym;
+{
+ switch (toksym)
+ {
+ case '\n':
+ case ';':
+ case '(':
+ case ')':
+ case '|':
+ case '&':
+ case '{':
+ case '}': /* XXX */
+ case AND_AND:
+ case BANG:
+ case BAR_AND:
+ case DO:
+ case DONE:
+ case ELIF:
+ case ELSE:
+ case ESAC:
+ case FI:
+ case IF:
+ case OR_OR:
+ case SEMI_SEMI:
+ case SEMI_AND:
+ case SEMI_SEMI_AND:
+ case THEN:
+ case TIME:
+ case TIMEOPT:
+ case TIMEIGN:
+ case COPROC:
+ case UNTIL:
+ case WHILE:
+ case 0:
+ return 1;
+ default:
+#if defined (COPROCESS_SUPPORT)
+ if (last_read_token == WORD && token_before_that == COPROC)
+ return 1;
+#endif
+ if (last_read_token == WORD && token_before_that == FUNCTION)
+ return 1;
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+/* Return the index of TOKEN in the alist of reserved words, or -1 if
+ TOKEN is not a shell reserved word. */
+int
+find_reserved_word (tokstr)
+ char *tokstr;
+{
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; word_token_alist[i].word; i++)
+ if (STREQ (tokstr, word_token_alist[i].word))
+ return i;
+ return -1;
+}
+
+#if 0
+#if defined (READLINE)
+/* Called after each time readline is called. This insures that whatever
+ the new prompt string is gets propagated to readline's local prompt
+ variable. */
+static void
+reset_readline_prompt ()
+{
+ char *temp_prompt;
+
+ if (prompt_string_pointer)
+ {
+ temp_prompt = (*prompt_string_pointer)
+ ? decode_prompt_string (*prompt_string_pointer)
+ : (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (temp_prompt == 0)
+ {
+ temp_prompt = (char *)xmalloc (1);
+ temp_prompt[0] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ FREE (current_readline_prompt);
+ current_readline_prompt = temp_prompt;
+ }
+}
+#endif /* READLINE */
+#endif /* 0 */
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+/* A list of tokens which can be followed by newlines, but not by
+ semi-colons. When concatenating multiple lines of history, the
+ newline separator for such tokens is replaced with a space. */
+static const int no_semi_successors[] = {
+ '\n', '{', '(', ')', ';', '&', '|',
+ CASE, DO, ELSE, IF, SEMI_SEMI, SEMI_AND, SEMI_SEMI_AND, THEN, UNTIL,
+ WHILE, AND_AND, OR_OR, IN,
+ 0
+};
+
+/* If we are not within a delimited expression, try to be smart
+ about which separators can be semi-colons and which must be
+ newlines. Returns the string that should be added into the
+ history entry. LINE is the line we're about to add; it helps
+ make some more intelligent decisions in certain cases. */
+char *
+history_delimiting_chars (line)
+ const char *line;
+{
+ static int last_was_heredoc = 0; /* was the last entry the start of a here document? */
+ register int i;
+
+ if ((parser_state & PST_HEREDOC) == 0)
+ last_was_heredoc = 0;
+
+ if (dstack.delimiter_depth != 0)
+ return ("\n");
+
+ /* We look for current_command_line_count == 2 because we are looking to
+ add the first line of the body of the here document (the second line
+ of the command). We also keep LAST_WAS_HEREDOC as a private sentinel
+ variable to note when we think we added the first line of a here doc
+ (the one with a "<<" somewhere in it) */
+ if (parser_state & PST_HEREDOC)
+ {
+ if (last_was_heredoc)
+ {
+ last_was_heredoc = 0;
+ return "\n";
+ }
+ return (current_command_line_count == 2 ? "\n" : "");
+ }
+
+ /* First, handle some special cases. */
+ /*(*/
+ /* If we just read `()', assume it's a function definition, and don't
+ add a semicolon. If the token before the `)' was not `(', and we're
+ not in the midst of parsing a case statement, assume it's a
+ parenthesized command and add the semicolon. */
+ /*)(*/
+ if (token_before_that == ')')
+ {
+ if (two_tokens_ago == '(') /*)*/ /* function def */
+ return " ";
+ /* This does not work for subshells inside case statement
+ command lists. It's a suboptimal solution. */
+ else if (parser_state & PST_CASESTMT) /* case statement pattern */
+ return " ";
+ else
+ return "; "; /* (...) subshell */
+ }
+ else if (token_before_that == WORD && two_tokens_ago == FUNCTION)
+ return " "; /* function def using `function name' without `()' */
+
+ /* If we're not in a here document, but we think we're about to parse one,
+ and we would otherwise return a `;', return a newline to delimit the
+ line with the here-doc delimiter */
+ else if ((parser_state & PST_HEREDOC) == 0 && current_command_line_count > 1 && last_read_token == '\n' && strstr (line, "<<"))
+ {
+ last_was_heredoc = 1;
+ return "\n";
+ }
+
+ else if (token_before_that == WORD && two_tokens_ago == FOR)
+ {
+ /* Tricky. `for i\nin ...' should not have a semicolon, but
+ `for i\ndo ...' should. We do what we can. */
+ for (i = shell_input_line_index; whitespace (shell_input_line[i]); i++)
+ ;
+ if (shell_input_line[i] && shell_input_line[i] == 'i' && shell_input_line[i+1] == 'n')
+ return " ";
+ return ";";
+ }
+ else if (two_tokens_ago == CASE && token_before_that == WORD && (parser_state & PST_CASESTMT))
+ return " ";
+
+ for (i = 0; no_semi_successors[i]; i++)
+ {
+ if (token_before_that == no_semi_successors[i])
+ return (" ");
+ }
+
+ return ("; ");
+}
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+/* Issue a prompt, or prepare to issue a prompt when the next character
+ is read. */
+static void
+prompt_again ()
+{
+ char *temp_prompt;
+
+ if (interactive == 0 || expanding_alias ()) /* XXX */
+ return;
+
+ ps1_prompt = get_string_value ("PS1");
+ ps2_prompt = get_string_value ("PS2");
+
+ if (!prompt_string_pointer)
+ prompt_string_pointer = &ps1_prompt;
+
+ temp_prompt = *prompt_string_pointer
+ ? decode_prompt_string (*prompt_string_pointer)
+ : (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (temp_prompt == 0)
+ {
+ temp_prompt = (char *)xmalloc (1);
+ temp_prompt[0] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ current_prompt_string = *prompt_string_pointer;
+ prompt_string_pointer = &ps2_prompt;
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ if (!no_line_editing)
+ {
+ FREE (current_readline_prompt);
+ current_readline_prompt = temp_prompt;
+ }
+ else
+#endif /* READLINE */
+ {
+ FREE (current_decoded_prompt);
+ current_decoded_prompt = temp_prompt;
+ }
+}
+
+int
+get_current_prompt_level ()
+{
+ return ((current_prompt_string && current_prompt_string == ps2_prompt) ? 2 : 1);
+}
+
+void
+set_current_prompt_level (x)
+ int x;
+{
+ prompt_string_pointer = (x == 2) ? &ps2_prompt : &ps1_prompt;
+ current_prompt_string = *prompt_string_pointer;
+}
+
+static void
+print_prompt ()
+{
+ fprintf (stderr, "%s", current_decoded_prompt);
+ fflush (stderr);
+}
+
+/* Return a string which will be printed as a prompt. The string
+ may contain special characters which are decoded as follows:
+
+ \a bell (ascii 07)
+ \d the date in Day Mon Date format
+ \e escape (ascii 033)
+ \h the hostname up to the first `.'
+ \H the hostname
+ \j the number of active jobs
+ \l the basename of the shell's tty device name
+ \n CRLF
+ \r CR
+ \s the name of the shell
+ \t the time in 24-hour hh:mm:ss format
+ \T the time in 12-hour hh:mm:ss format
+ \@ the time in 12-hour hh:mm am/pm format
+ \A the time in 24-hour hh:mm format
+ \D{fmt} the result of passing FMT to strftime(3)
+ \u your username
+ \v the version of bash (e.g., 2.00)
+ \V the release of bash, version + patchlevel (e.g., 2.00.0)
+ \w the current working directory
+ \W the last element of $PWD
+ \! the history number of this command
+ \# the command number of this command
+ \$ a $ or a # if you are root
+ \nnn character code nnn in octal
+ \\ a backslash
+ \[ begin a sequence of non-printing chars
+ \] end a sequence of non-printing chars
+*/
+#define PROMPT_GROWTH 48
+char *
+decode_prompt_string (string)
+ char *string;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *list;
+ char *result, *t;
+ struct dstack save_dstack;
+ int last_exit_value, last_comsub_pid;
+#if defined (PROMPT_STRING_DECODE)
+ int result_size, result_index;
+ int c, n, i;
+ char *temp, octal_string[4];
+ struct tm *tm;
+ time_t the_time;
+ char timebuf[128];
+ char *timefmt;
+
+ result = (char *)xmalloc (result_size = PROMPT_GROWTH);
+ result[result_index = 0] = 0;
+ temp = (char *)NULL;
+
+ while (c = *string++)
+ {
+ if (posixly_correct && c == '!')
+ {
+ if (*string == '!')
+ {
+ temp = savestring ("!");
+ goto add_string;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+#if !defined (HISTORY)
+ temp = savestring ("1");
+#else /* HISTORY */
+ temp = itos (history_number ());
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+ string--; /* add_string increments string again. */
+ goto add_string;
+ }
+ }
+ if (c == '\\')
+ {
+ c = *string;
+
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ case '0':
+ case '1':
+ case '2':
+ case '3':
+ case '4':
+ case '5':
+ case '6':
+ case '7':
+ strncpy (octal_string, string, 3);
+ octal_string[3] = '\0';
+
+ n = read_octal (octal_string);
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+
+ if (n == CTLESC || n == CTLNUL)
+ {
+ temp[0] = CTLESC;
+ temp[1] = n;
+ temp[2] = '\0';
+ }
+ else if (n == -1)
+ {
+ temp[0] = '\\';
+ temp[1] = '\0';
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ temp[0] = n;
+ temp[1] = '\0';
+ }
+
+ for (c = 0; n != -1 && c < 3 && ISOCTAL (*string); c++)
+ string++;
+
+ c = 0; /* tested at add_string: */
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'd':
+ case 't':
+ case 'T':
+ case '@':
+ case 'A':
+ /* Make the current time/date into a string. */
+ (void) time (&the_time);
+#if defined (HAVE_TZSET)
+ sv_tz ("TZ"); /* XXX -- just make sure */
+#endif
+ tm = localtime (&the_time);
+
+ if (c == 'd')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%a %b %d", tm);
+ else if (c == 't')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%H:%M:%S", tm);
+ else if (c == 'T')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%I:%M:%S", tm);
+ else if (c == '@')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%I:%M %p", tm);
+ else if (c == 'A')
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), "%H:%M", tm);
+
+ if (n == 0)
+ timebuf[0] = '\0';
+ else
+ timebuf[sizeof(timebuf) - 1] = '\0';
+
+ temp = savestring (timebuf);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'D': /* strftime format */
+ if (string[1] != '{') /* } */
+ goto not_escape;
+
+ (void) time (&the_time);
+ tm = localtime (&the_time);
+ string += 2; /* skip { */
+ timefmt = xmalloc (strlen (string) + 3);
+ for (t = timefmt; *string && *string != '}'; )
+ *t++ = *string++;
+ *t = '\0';
+ c = *string; /* tested at add_string */
+ if (timefmt[0] == '\0')
+ {
+ timefmt[0] = '%';
+ timefmt[1] = 'X'; /* locale-specific current time */
+ timefmt[2] = '\0';
+ }
+ n = strftime (timebuf, sizeof (timebuf), timefmt, tm);
+ free (timefmt);
+
+ if (n == 0)
+ timebuf[0] = '\0';
+ else
+ timebuf[sizeof(timebuf) - 1] = '\0';
+
+ if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
+ /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a
+ second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this
+ function here. */
+ temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (timebuf);
+ else
+ temp = savestring (timebuf);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'n':
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ temp[0] = no_line_editing ? '\n' : '\r';
+ temp[1] = no_line_editing ? '\0' : '\n';
+ temp[2] = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 's':
+ temp = base_pathname (shell_name);
+ temp = savestring (temp);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'v':
+ case 'V':
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (16);
+ if (c == 'v')
+ strcpy (temp, dist_version);
+ else
+ sprintf (temp, "%s.%d", dist_version, patch_level);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'w':
+ case 'W':
+ {
+ /* Use the value of PWD because it is much more efficient. */
+ char t_string[PATH_MAX];
+ int tlen;
+
+ temp = get_string_value ("PWD");
+
+ if (temp == 0)
+ {
+ if (getcwd (t_string, sizeof(t_string)) == 0)
+ {
+ t_string[0] = '.';
+ tlen = 1;
+ }
+ else
+ tlen = strlen (t_string);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ tlen = sizeof (t_string) - 1;
+ strncpy (t_string, temp, tlen);
+ }
+ t_string[tlen] = '\0';
+
+#if defined (MACOSX)
+ /* Convert from "fs" format to "input" format */
+ temp = fnx_fromfs (t_string, strlen (t_string));
+ if (temp != t_string)
+ strcpy (t_string, temp);
+#endif
+
+#define ROOT_PATH(x) ((x)[0] == '/' && (x)[1] == 0)
+#define DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT(x) ((x)[0] == '/' && (x)[1] == '/' && (x)[2] == 0)
+ /* Abbreviate \W as ~ if $PWD == $HOME */
+ if (c == 'W' && (((t = get_string_value ("HOME")) == 0) || STREQ (t, t_string) == 0))
+ {
+ if (ROOT_PATH (t_string) == 0 && DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT (t_string) == 0)
+ {
+ t = strrchr (t_string, '/');
+ if (t)
+ memmove (t_string, t + 1, strlen (t)); /* strlen(t) to copy NULL */
+ }
+ }
+#undef ROOT_PATH
+#undef DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT
+ else
+ /* polite_directory_format is guaranteed to return a string
+ no longer than PATH_MAX - 1 characters. */
+ strcpy (t_string, polite_directory_format (t_string));
+
+ temp = trim_pathname (t_string, PATH_MAX - 1);
+ /* If we're going to be expanding the prompt string later,
+ quote the directory name. */
+ if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
+ /* Make sure that expand_prompt_string is called with a
+ second argument of Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES if we use this
+ function here. */
+ temp = sh_backslash_quote_for_double_quotes (t_string);
+ else
+ temp = savestring (t_string);
+
+ goto add_string;
+ }
+
+ case 'u':
+ if (current_user.user_name == 0)
+ get_current_user_info ();
+ temp = savestring (current_user.user_name);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'h':
+ case 'H':
+ temp = savestring (current_host_name);
+ if (c == 'h' && (t = (char *)strchr (temp, '.')))
+ *t = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case '#':
+ temp = itos (current_command_number);
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case '!':
+#if !defined (HISTORY)
+ temp = savestring ("1");
+#else /* HISTORY */
+ temp = itos (history_number ());
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case '$':
+ t = temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ if ((promptvars || posixly_correct) && (current_user.euid != 0))
+ *t++ = '\\';
+ *t++ = current_user.euid == 0 ? '#' : '$';
+ *t = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'j':
+ temp = itos (count_all_jobs ());
+ goto add_string;
+
+ case 'l':
+#if defined (HAVE_TTYNAME)
+ temp = (char *)ttyname (fileno (stdin));
+ t = temp ? base_pathname (temp) : "tty";
+ temp = savestring (t);
+#else
+ temp = savestring ("tty");
+#endif /* !HAVE_TTYNAME */
+ goto add_string;
+
+#if defined (READLINE)
+ case '[':
+ case ']':
+ if (no_line_editing)
+ {
+ string++;
+ break;
+ }
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ n = (c == '[') ? RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE : RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE;
+ i = 0;
+ if (n == CTLESC || n == CTLNUL)
+ temp[i++] = CTLESC;
+ temp[i++] = n;
+ temp[i] = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+#endif /* READLINE */
+
+ case '\\':
+ case 'a':
+ case 'e':
+ case 'r':
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (2);
+ if (c == 'a')
+ temp[0] = '\07';
+ else if (c == 'e')
+ temp[0] = '\033';
+ else if (c == 'r')
+ temp[0] = '\r';
+ else /* (c == '\\') */
+ temp[0] = c;
+ temp[1] = '\0';
+ goto add_string;
+
+ default:
+not_escape:
+ temp = (char *)xmalloc (3);
+ temp[0] = '\\';
+ temp[1] = c;
+ temp[2] = '\0';
+
+ add_string:
+ if (c)
+ string++;
+ result =
+ sub_append_string (temp, result, &result_index, &result_size);
+ temp = (char *)NULL; /* Freed in sub_append_string (). */
+ result[result_index] = '\0';
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (result, result_index, 3, result_size, PROMPT_GROWTH);
+ result[result_index++] = c;
+ result[result_index] = '\0';
+ }
+ }
+#else /* !PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */
+ result = savestring (string);
+#endif /* !PROMPT_STRING_DECODE */
+
+ /* Save the delimiter stack and point `dstack' to temp space so any
+ command substitutions in the prompt string won't result in screwing
+ up the parser's quoting state. */
+ save_dstack = dstack;
+ dstack = temp_dstack;
+ dstack.delimiter_depth = 0;
+
+ /* Perform variable and parameter expansion and command substitution on
+ the prompt string. */
+ if (promptvars || posixly_correct)
+ {
+ last_exit_value = last_command_exit_value;
+ last_comsub_pid = last_command_subst_pid;
+ list = expand_prompt_string (result, Q_DOUBLE_QUOTES, 0);
+ free (result);
+ result = string_list (list);
+ dispose_words (list);
+ last_command_exit_value = last_exit_value;
+ last_command_subst_pid = last_comsub_pid;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ t = dequote_string (result);
+ free (result);
+ result = t;
+ }
+
+ dstack = save_dstack;
+
+ return (result);
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * ERROR HANDLING *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+/* Report a syntax error, and restart the parser. Call here for fatal
+ errors. */
+int
+yyerror (msg)
+ const char *msg;
+{
+ report_syntax_error ((char *)NULL);
+ reset_parser ();
+ return (0);
+}
+
+static char *
+error_token_from_token (tok)
+ int tok;
+{
+ char *t;
+
+ if (t = find_token_in_alist (tok, word_token_alist, 0))
+ return t;
+
+ if (t = find_token_in_alist (tok, other_token_alist, 0))
+ return t;
+
+ t = (char *)NULL;
+ /* This stuff is dicy and needs closer inspection */
+ switch (current_token)
+ {
+ case WORD:
+ case ASSIGNMENT_WORD:
+ if (yylval.word)
+ t = savestring (yylval.word->word);
+ break;
+ case NUMBER:
+ t = itos (yylval.number);
+ break;
+ case ARITH_CMD:
+ if (yylval.word_list)
+ t = string_list (yylval.word_list);
+ break;
+ case ARITH_FOR_EXPRS:
+ if (yylval.word_list)
+ t = string_list_internal (yylval.word_list, " ; ");
+ break;
+ case COND_CMD:
+ t = (char *)NULL; /* punt */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return t;
+}
+
+static char *
+error_token_from_text ()
+{
+ char *msg, *t;
+ int token_end, i;
+
+ t = shell_input_line;
+ i = shell_input_line_index;
+ token_end = 0;
+ msg = (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (i && t[i] == '\0')
+ i--;
+
+ while (i && (whitespace (t[i]) || t[i] == '\n'))
+ i--;
+
+ if (i)
+ token_end = i + 1;
+
+ while (i && (member (t[i], " \n\t;|&") == 0))
+ i--;
+
+ while (i != token_end && (whitespace (t[i]) || t[i] == '\n'))
+ i++;
+
+ /* Return our idea of the offending token. */
+ if (token_end || (i == 0 && token_end == 0))
+ {
+ if (token_end)
+ msg = substring (t, i, token_end);
+ else /* one-character token */
+ {
+ msg = (char *)xmalloc (2);
+ msg[0] = t[i];
+ msg[1] = '\0';
+ }
+ }
+
+ return (msg);
+}
+
+static void
+print_offending_line ()
+{
+ char *msg;
+ int token_end;
+
+ msg = savestring (shell_input_line);
+ token_end = strlen (msg);
+ while (token_end && msg[token_end - 1] == '\n')
+ msg[--token_end] = '\0';
+
+ parser_error (line_number, "`%s'", msg);
+ free (msg);
+}
+
+/* Report a syntax error with line numbers, etc.
+ Call here for recoverable errors. If you have a message to print,
+ then place it in MESSAGE, otherwise pass NULL and this will figure
+ out an appropriate message for you. */
+static void
+report_syntax_error (message)
+ char *message;
+{
+ char *msg, *p;
+
+ if (message)
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, "%s", message);
+ if (interactive && EOF_Reached)
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+ last_command_exit_value = parse_and_execute_level ? EX_BADSYNTAX : EX_BADUSAGE;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* If the line of input we're reading is not null, try to find the
+ objectionable token. First, try to figure out what token the
+ parser's complaining about by looking at current_token. */
+ if (current_token != 0 && EOF_Reached == 0 && (msg = error_token_from_token (current_token)))
+ {
+ if (ansic_shouldquote (msg))
+ {
+ p = ansic_quote (msg, 0, NULL);
+ free (msg);
+ msg = p;
+ }
+ parser_error (line_number, _("syntax error near unexpected token `%s'"), msg);
+ free (msg);
+
+ if (interactive == 0)
+ print_offending_line ();
+
+ last_command_exit_value = parse_and_execute_level ? EX_BADSYNTAX : EX_BADUSAGE;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* If looking at the current token doesn't prove fruitful, try to find the
+ offending token by analyzing the text of the input line near the current
+ input line index and report what we find. */
+ if (shell_input_line && *shell_input_line)
+ {
+ msg = error_token_from_text ();
+ if (msg)
+ {
+ parser_error (line_number, _("syntax error near `%s'"), msg);
+ free (msg);
+ }
+
+ /* If not interactive, print the line containing the error. */
+ if (interactive == 0)
+ print_offending_line ();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ msg = EOF_Reached ? _("syntax error: unexpected end of file") : _("syntax error");
+ parser_error (line_number, "%s", msg);
+ /* When the shell is interactive, this file uses EOF_Reached
+ only for error reporting. Other mechanisms are used to
+ decide whether or not to exit. */
+ if (interactive && EOF_Reached)
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+ }
+
+ last_command_exit_value = parse_and_execute_level ? EX_BADSYNTAX : EX_BADUSAGE;
+}
+
+/* ??? Needed function. ??? We have to be able to discard the constructs
+ created during parsing. In the case of error, we want to return
+ allocated objects to the memory pool. In the case of no error, we want
+ to throw away the information about where the allocated objects live.
+ (dispose_command () will actually free the command.) */
+static void
+discard_parser_constructs (error_p)
+ int error_p;
+{
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * EOF HANDLING *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+/* Do that silly `type "bye" to exit' stuff. You know, "ignoreeof". */
+
+/* A flag denoting whether or not ignoreeof is set. */
+int ignoreeof = 0;
+
+/* The number of times that we have encountered an EOF character without
+ another character intervening. When this gets above the limit, the
+ shell terminates. */
+int eof_encountered = 0;
+
+/* The limit for eof_encountered. */
+int eof_encountered_limit = 10;
+
+/* If we have EOF as the only input unit, this user wants to leave
+ the shell. If the shell is not interactive, then just leave.
+ Otherwise, if ignoreeof is set, and we haven't done this the
+ required number of times in a row, print a message. */
+static void
+handle_eof_input_unit ()
+{
+ if (interactive)
+ {
+ /* shell.c may use this to decide whether or not to write out the
+ history, among other things. We use it only for error reporting
+ in this file. */
+ if (EOF_Reached)
+ EOF_Reached = 0;
+
+ /* If the user wants to "ignore" eof, then let her do so, kind of. */
+ if (ignoreeof)
+ {
+ if (eof_encountered < eof_encountered_limit)
+ {
+ fprintf (stderr, _("Use \"%s\" to leave the shell.\n"),
+ login_shell ? "logout" : "exit");
+ eof_encountered++;
+ /* Reset the parsing state. */
+ last_read_token = current_token = '\n';
+ /* Reset the prompt string to be $PS1. */
+ prompt_string_pointer = (char **)NULL;
+ prompt_again ();
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* In this case EOF should exit the shell. Do it now. */
+ reset_parser ();
+ exit_builtin ((WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* We don't write history files, etc., for non-interactive shells. */
+ EOF_Reached = 1;
+ }
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * STRING PARSING FUNCTIONS *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+/* It's very important that these two functions treat the characters
+ between ( and ) identically. */
+
+static WORD_LIST parse_string_error;
+
+/* Take a string and run it through the shell parser, returning the
+ resultant word list. Used by compound array assignment. */
+WORD_LIST *
+parse_string_to_word_list (s, flags, whom)
+ char *s;
+ int flags;
+ const char *whom;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *wl;
+ int tok, orig_current_token, orig_line_number, orig_input_terminator;
+ int orig_line_count;
+ int old_echo_input, old_expand_aliases;
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ int old_remember_on_history, old_history_expansion_inhibited;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ old_remember_on_history = remember_on_history;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ old_history_expansion_inhibited = history_expansion_inhibited;
+# endif
+ bash_history_disable ();
+#endif
+
+ orig_line_number = line_number;
+ orig_line_count = current_command_line_count;
+ orig_input_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator;
+ old_echo_input = echo_input_at_read;
+ old_expand_aliases = expand_aliases;
+
+ push_stream (1);
+ last_read_token = WORD; /* WORD to allow reserved words here */
+ current_command_line_count = 0;
+ echo_input_at_read = expand_aliases = 0;
+
+ with_input_from_string (s, whom);
+ wl = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+
+ if (flags & 1)
+ parser_state |= PST_COMPASSIGN|PST_REPARSE;
+
+ while ((tok = read_token (READ)) != yacc_EOF)
+ {
+ if (tok == '\n' && *bash_input.location.string == '\0')
+ break;
+ if (tok == '\n') /* Allow newlines in compound assignments */
+ continue;
+ if (tok != WORD && tok != ASSIGNMENT_WORD)
+ {
+ line_number = orig_line_number + line_number - 1;
+ orig_current_token = current_token;
+ current_token = tok;
+ yyerror (NULL); /* does the right thing */
+ current_token = orig_current_token;
+ if (wl)
+ dispose_words (wl);
+ wl = &parse_string_error;
+ break;
+ }
+ wl = make_word_list (yylval.word, wl);
+ }
+
+ last_read_token = '\n';
+ pop_stream ();
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ remember_on_history = old_remember_on_history;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ history_expansion_inhibited = old_history_expansion_inhibited;
+# endif /* BANG_HISTORY */
+#endif /* HISTORY */
+
+ echo_input_at_read = old_echo_input;
+ expand_aliases = old_expand_aliases;
+
+ current_command_line_count = orig_line_count;
+ shell_input_line_terminator = orig_input_terminator;
+
+ if (flags & 1)
+ parser_state &= ~(PST_COMPASSIGN|PST_REPARSE);
+
+ if (wl == &parse_string_error)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
+ jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+ else
+ jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+
+ return (REVERSE_LIST (wl, WORD_LIST *));
+}
+
+static char *
+parse_compound_assignment (retlenp)
+ int *retlenp;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *wl, *rl;
+ int tok, orig_line_number, orig_token_size, orig_last_token, assignok;
+ char *saved_token, *ret;
+
+ saved_token = token;
+ orig_token_size = token_buffer_size;
+ orig_line_number = line_number;
+ orig_last_token = last_read_token;
+
+ last_read_token = WORD; /* WORD to allow reserved words here */
+
+ token = (char *)NULL;
+ token_buffer_size = 0;
+
+ assignok = parser_state&PST_ASSIGNOK; /* XXX */
+
+ wl = (WORD_LIST *)NULL; /* ( */
+ parser_state |= PST_COMPASSIGN;
+
+ while ((tok = read_token (READ)) != ')')
+ {
+ if (tok == '\n') /* Allow newlines in compound assignments */
+ {
+ if (SHOULD_PROMPT ())
+ prompt_again ();
+ continue;
+ }
+ if (tok != WORD && tok != ASSIGNMENT_WORD)
+ {
+ current_token = tok; /* for error reporting */
+ if (tok == yacc_EOF) /* ( */
+ parser_error (orig_line_number, _("unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"));
+ else
+ yyerror(NULL); /* does the right thing */
+ if (wl)
+ dispose_words (wl);
+ wl = &parse_string_error;
+ break;
+ }
+ wl = make_word_list (yylval.word, wl);
+ }
+
+ FREE (token);
+ token = saved_token;
+ token_buffer_size = orig_token_size;
+
+ parser_state &= ~PST_COMPASSIGN;
+
+ if (wl == &parse_string_error)
+ {
+ last_command_exit_value = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
+ last_read_token = '\n'; /* XXX */
+ if (interactive_shell == 0 && posixly_correct)
+ jump_to_top_level (FORCE_EOF);
+ else
+ jump_to_top_level (DISCARD);
+ }
+
+ last_read_token = orig_last_token; /* XXX - was WORD? */
+
+ if (wl)
+ {
+ rl = REVERSE_LIST (wl, WORD_LIST *);
+ ret = string_list (rl);
+ dispose_words (rl);
+ }
+ else
+ ret = (char *)NULL;
+
+ if (retlenp)
+ *retlenp = (ret && *ret) ? strlen (ret) : 0;
+
+ if (assignok)
+ parser_state |= PST_ASSIGNOK;
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * SAVING AND RESTORING PARTIAL PARSE STATE *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+sh_parser_state_t *
+save_parser_state (ps)
+ sh_parser_state_t *ps;
+{
+ if (ps == 0)
+ ps = (sh_parser_state_t *)xmalloc (sizeof (sh_parser_state_t));
+ if (ps == 0)
+ return ((sh_parser_state_t *)NULL);
+
+ ps->parser_state = parser_state;
+ ps->token_state = save_token_state ();
+
+ ps->input_line_terminator = shell_input_line_terminator;
+ ps->eof_encountered = eof_encountered;
+
+ ps->prompt_string_pointer = prompt_string_pointer;
+
+ ps->current_command_line_count = current_command_line_count;
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ ps->remember_on_history = remember_on_history;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ ps->history_expansion_inhibited = history_expansion_inhibited;
+# endif
+#endif
+
+ ps->last_command_exit_value = last_command_exit_value;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ ps->pipestatus = save_pipestatus_array ();
+#endif
+
+ ps->last_shell_builtin = last_shell_builtin;
+ ps->this_shell_builtin = this_shell_builtin;
+
+ ps->expand_aliases = expand_aliases;
+ ps->echo_input_at_read = echo_input_at_read;
+
+ ps->token = token;
+ ps->token_buffer_size = token_buffer_size;
+ /* Force reallocation on next call to read_token_word */
+ token = 0;
+ token_buffer_size = 0;
+
+ return (ps);
+}
+
+void
+restore_parser_state (ps)
+ sh_parser_state_t *ps;
+{
+ if (ps == 0)
+ return;
+
+ parser_state = ps->parser_state;
+ if (ps->token_state)
+ {
+ restore_token_state (ps->token_state);
+ free (ps->token_state);
+ }
+
+ shell_input_line_terminator = ps->input_line_terminator;
+ eof_encountered = ps->eof_encountered;
+
+ prompt_string_pointer = ps->prompt_string_pointer;
+
+ current_command_line_count = ps->current_command_line_count;
+
+#if defined (HISTORY)
+ remember_on_history = ps->remember_on_history;
+# if defined (BANG_HISTORY)
+ history_expansion_inhibited = ps->history_expansion_inhibited;
+# endif
+#endif
+
+ last_command_exit_value = ps->last_command_exit_value;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ restore_pipestatus_array (ps->pipestatus);
+#endif
+
+ last_shell_builtin = ps->last_shell_builtin;
+ this_shell_builtin = ps->this_shell_builtin;
+
+ expand_aliases = ps->expand_aliases;
+ echo_input_at_read = ps->echo_input_at_read;
+
+ FREE (token);
+ token = ps->token;
+ token_buffer_size = ps->token_buffer_size;
+}
+
+sh_input_line_state_t *
+save_input_line_state (ls)
+ sh_input_line_state_t *ls;
+{
+ if (ls == 0)
+ ls = (sh_input_line_state_t *)xmalloc (sizeof (sh_input_line_state_t));
+ if (ls == 0)
+ return ((sh_input_line_state_t *)NULL);
+
+ ls->input_line = shell_input_line;
+ ls->input_line_size = shell_input_line_size;
+ ls->input_line_len = shell_input_line_len;
+ ls->input_line_index = shell_input_line_index;
+
+ /* force reallocation */
+ shell_input_line = 0;
+ shell_input_line_size = shell_input_line_len = shell_input_line_index = 0;
+}
+
+void
+restore_input_line_state (ls)
+ sh_input_line_state_t *ls;
+{
+ FREE (shell_input_line);
+ shell_input_line = ls->input_line;
+ shell_input_line_size = ls->input_line_size;
+ shell_input_line_len = ls->input_line_len;
+ shell_input_line_index = ls->input_line_index;
+
+ set_line_mbstate ();
+}
+
+/************************************************
+ * *
+ * MULTIBYTE CHARACTER HANDLING *
+ * *
+ ************************************************/
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+static void
+set_line_mbstate ()
+{
+ int i, previ, len, c;
+ mbstate_t mbs, prevs;
+ size_t mbclen;
+
+ if (shell_input_line == NULL)
+ return;
+ len = strlen (shell_input_line); /* XXX - shell_input_line_len ? */
+ FREE (shell_input_line_property);
+ shell_input_line_property = (char *)xmalloc (len + 1);
+
+ memset (&prevs, '\0', sizeof (mbstate_t));
+ for (i = previ = 0; i < len; i++)
+ {
+ mbs = prevs;
+
+ c = shell_input_line[i];
+ if (c == EOF)
+ {
+ int j;
+ for (j = i; j < len; j++)
+ shell_input_line_property[j] = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ mbclen = mbrlen (shell_input_line + previ, i - previ + 1, &mbs);
+ if (mbclen == 1 || mbclen == (size_t)-1)
+ {
+ mbclen = 1;
+ previ = i + 1;
+ }
+ else if (mbclen == (size_t)-2)
+ mbclen = 0;
+ else if (mbclen > 1)
+ {
+ mbclen = 0;
+ previ = i + 1;
+ prevs = mbs;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* XXX - what to do if mbrlen returns 0? (null wide character) */
+ int j;
+ for (j = i; j < len; j++)
+ shell_input_line_property[j] = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ shell_input_line_property[i] = mbclen;
+ }
+}
+#endif /* HANDLE_MULTIBYTE */
{
FREE (dfn);
/* remove backslashes quoting special characters in filenames. */
-#if 1
if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_COMPLETING) && rl_filename_dequoting_function)
-#else
- if (rl_filename_dequoting_function)
-#endif
{
/* Use rl_completion_quote_character because any single or
double quotes have been removed by the time TEXT makes it
STRINGLIST *ret, *tmatches;
char **cmatches; /* from rl_completion_matches ... */
unsigned long flags;
+ int t;
ret = tmatches = (STRINGLIST *)NULL;
flags = cs->actions;
/* And lastly, the special case for directories */
if (flags & CA_DIRECTORY)
{
+ t = rl_filename_completion_desired;
rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs = 1; /* override user preference */
cmatches = bash_directory_completion_matches (text);
+ /* If we did not want filename completion before this, and there are
+ no matches, turn off rl_filename_completion_desired so whatever
+ matches we get are not treated as filenames (it gets turned on by
+ rl_filename_completion_function unconditionally). */
+ if (t == 0 && cmatches == 0 && rl_filename_completion_desired == 1)
+ rl_filename_completion_desired = 0;
tmatches = completions_to_stringlist (cmatches);
ret = strlist_append (ret, tmatches);
strvec_dispose (cmatches);
--- /dev/null
+/* pcomplete.c - functions to generate lists of matches for programmable completion. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1999-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#if defined (PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION)
+
+#include "bashtypes.h"
+#include "posixstat.h"
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+# include <stdarg.h>
+#else
+# include <varargs.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "bashansi.h"
+#include "bashintl.h"
+
+#include "shell.h"
+#include "pcomplete.h"
+#include "alias.h"
+#include "bashline.h"
+#include "execute_cmd.h"
+#include "pathexp.h"
+
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+# include "jobs.h"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined (NSIG)
+# include "trap.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "builtins/common.h"
+
+#include <glob/glob.h>
+#include <glob/strmatch.h>
+
+#include <readline/rlconf.h>
+#include <readline/readline.h>
+#include <readline/history.h>
+
+#define PCOMP_RETRYFAIL 256
+
+#ifdef STRDUP
+# undef STRDUP
+#endif
+#define STRDUP(x) ((x) ? savestring (x) : (char *)NULL)
+
+typedef SHELL_VAR **SVFUNC ();
+
+#ifndef HAVE_STRPBRK
+extern char *strpbrk __P((char *, char *));
+#endif
+
+extern int array_needs_making;
+extern STRING_INT_ALIST word_token_alist[];
+extern char *signal_names[];
+
+#if defined (DEBUG)
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+static void debug_printf (const char *, ...) __attribute__((__format__ (printf, 1, 2)));
+#endif
+#endif /* DEBUG */
+
+static int it_init_joblist __P((ITEMLIST *, int));
+
+static int it_init_aliases __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_arrayvars __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_bindings __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_builtins __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_disabled __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_enabled __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_exported __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_functions __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_helptopics __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_hostnames __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_jobs __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_running __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_stopped __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_keywords __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_signals __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_variables __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_setopts __P((ITEMLIST *));
+static int it_init_shopts __P((ITEMLIST *));
+
+static int shouldexp_filterpat __P((char *));
+static char *preproc_filterpat __P((char *, char *));
+
+static void init_itemlist_from_varlist __P((ITEMLIST *, SVFUNC *));
+
+static STRINGLIST *gen_matches_from_itemlist __P((ITEMLIST *, const char *));
+static STRINGLIST *gen_action_completions __P((COMPSPEC *, const char *));
+static STRINGLIST *gen_globpat_matches __P((COMPSPEC *, const char *));
+static STRINGLIST *gen_wordlist_matches __P((COMPSPEC *, const char *));
+static STRINGLIST *gen_shell_function_matches __P((COMPSPEC *, const char *,
+ char *, int, WORD_LIST *,
+ int, int, int *));
+static STRINGLIST *gen_command_matches __P((COMPSPEC *, const char *, char *,
+ int, WORD_LIST *, int, int));
+
+static STRINGLIST *gen_progcomp_completions __P((const char *, const char *,
+ const char *,
+ int, int, int *, int *,
+ COMPSPEC **));
+
+static char *pcomp_filename_completion_function __P((const char *, int));
+
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+static SHELL_VAR *bind_comp_words __P((WORD_LIST *));
+#endif
+static void bind_compfunc_variables __P((char *, int, WORD_LIST *, int, int));
+static void unbind_compfunc_variables __P((int));
+static WORD_LIST *build_arg_list __P((char *, const char *, WORD_LIST *, int));
+static WORD_LIST *command_line_to_word_list __P((char *, int, int, int *, int *));
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+static int progcomp_debug = 0;
+#endif
+
+int prog_completion_enabled = 1;
+
+/* These are used to manage the arrays of strings for possible completions. */
+ITEMLIST it_aliases = { 0, it_init_aliases, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_arrayvars = { LIST_DYNAMIC, it_init_arrayvars, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_bindings = { 0, it_init_bindings, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_builtins = { 0, it_init_builtins, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_commands = { LIST_DYNAMIC }; /* unused */
+ITEMLIST it_directories = { LIST_DYNAMIC }; /* unused */
+ITEMLIST it_disabled = { 0, it_init_disabled, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_enabled = { 0, it_init_enabled, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_exports = { LIST_DYNAMIC, it_init_exported, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_files = { LIST_DYNAMIC }; /* unused */
+ITEMLIST it_functions = { 0, it_init_functions, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_helptopics = { 0, it_init_helptopics, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_hostnames = { LIST_DYNAMIC, it_init_hostnames, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_groups = { LIST_DYNAMIC }; /* unused */
+ITEMLIST it_jobs = { LIST_DYNAMIC, it_init_jobs, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_keywords = { 0, it_init_keywords, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_running = { LIST_DYNAMIC, it_init_running, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_services = { LIST_DYNAMIC }; /* unused */
+ITEMLIST it_setopts = { 0, it_init_setopts, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_shopts = { 0, it_init_shopts, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_signals = { 0, it_init_signals, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_stopped = { LIST_DYNAMIC, it_init_stopped, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+ITEMLIST it_users = { LIST_DYNAMIC }; /* unused */
+ITEMLIST it_variables = { LIST_DYNAMIC, it_init_variables, (STRINGLIST *)0 };
+
+COMPSPEC *pcomp_curcs;
+const char *pcomp_curcmd;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+/* Debugging code */
+static void
+#if defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+debug_printf (const char *format, ...)
+#else
+debug_printf (format, va_alist)
+ const char *format;
+ va_dcl
+#endif
+{
+ va_list args;
+
+ if (progcomp_debug == 0)
+ return;
+
+ SH_VA_START (args, format);
+
+ fprintf (stdout, "DEBUG: ");
+ vfprintf (stdout, format, args);
+ fprintf (stdout, "\n");
+
+ rl_on_new_line ();
+
+ va_end (args);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Functions to manage the item lists */
+
+void
+set_itemlist_dirty (it)
+ ITEMLIST *it;
+{
+ it->flags |= LIST_DIRTY;
+}
+
+void
+initialize_itemlist (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ (*itp->list_getter) (itp);
+ itp->flags |= LIST_INITIALIZED;
+ itp->flags &= ~LIST_DIRTY;
+}
+
+void
+clean_itemlist (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+
+ sl = itp->slist;
+ if (sl)
+ {
+ if ((itp->flags & (LIST_DONTFREEMEMBERS|LIST_DONTFREE)) == 0)
+ strvec_flush (sl->list);
+ if ((itp->flags & LIST_DONTFREE) == 0)
+ free (sl->list);
+ free (sl);
+ }
+ itp->slist = (STRINGLIST *)NULL;
+ itp->flags &= ~(LIST_DONTFREE|LIST_DONTFREEMEMBERS|LIST_INITIALIZED|LIST_DIRTY);
+}
+
+
+static int
+shouldexp_filterpat (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+ register char *p;
+
+ for (p = s; p && *p; p++)
+ {
+ if (*p == '\\')
+ p++;
+ else if (*p == '&')
+ return 1;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* Replace any instance of `&' in PAT with TEXT. Backslash may be used to
+ quote a `&' and inhibit substitution. Returns a new string. This just
+ calls stringlib.c:strcreplace(). */
+static char *
+preproc_filterpat (pat, text)
+ char *pat;
+ char *text;
+{
+ char *ret;
+
+ ret = strcreplace (pat, '&', text, 1);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Remove any match of FILTERPAT from SL. A `&' in FILTERPAT is replaced by
+ TEXT. A leading `!' in FILTERPAT negates the pattern; in this case
+ any member of SL->list that does *not* match will be removed. This returns
+ a new STRINGLIST with the matching members of SL *copied*. Any
+ non-matching members of SL->list are *freed*. */
+STRINGLIST *
+filter_stringlist (sl, filterpat, text)
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+ char *filterpat, *text;
+{
+ int i, m, not;
+ STRINGLIST *ret;
+ char *npat, *t;
+
+ if (sl == 0 || sl->list == 0 || sl->list_len == 0)
+ return sl;
+
+ npat = shouldexp_filterpat (filterpat) ? preproc_filterpat (filterpat, text) : filterpat;
+
+ not = (npat[0] == '!');
+ t = not ? npat + 1 : npat;
+
+ ret = strlist_create (sl->list_size);
+ for (i = 0; i < sl->list_len; i++)
+ {
+ m = strmatch (t, sl->list[i], FNMATCH_EXTFLAG);
+ if ((not && m == FNM_NOMATCH) || (not == 0 && m != FNM_NOMATCH))
+ free (sl->list[i]);
+ else
+ ret->list[ret->list_len++] = sl->list[i];
+ }
+
+ ret->list[ret->list_len] = (char *)NULL;
+ if (npat != filterpat)
+ free (npat);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Turn an array of strings returned by rl_completion_matches into a STRINGLIST.
+ This understands how rl_completion_matches sets matches[0] (the lcd of the
+ strings in the list, unless it's the only match). */
+STRINGLIST *
+completions_to_stringlist (matches)
+ char **matches;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+ int mlen, i, n;
+
+ mlen = (matches == 0) ? 0 : strvec_len (matches);
+ sl = strlist_create (mlen + 1);
+
+ if (matches == 0 || matches[0] == 0)
+ return sl;
+
+ if (matches[1] == 0)
+ {
+ sl->list[0] = STRDUP (matches[0]);
+ sl->list[sl->list_len = 1] = (char *)NULL;
+ return sl;
+ }
+
+ for (i = 1, n = 0; i < mlen; i++, n++)
+ sl->list[n] = STRDUP (matches[i]);
+ sl->list_len = n;
+ sl->list[n] = (char *)NULL;
+
+ return sl;
+}
+
+/* Functions to manage the various ITEMLISTs that we populate internally.
+ The caller is responsible for setting ITP->flags correctly. */
+
+static int
+it_init_aliases (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+#ifdef ALIAS
+ alias_t **alias_list;
+ register int i, n;
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+
+ alias_list = all_aliases ();
+ if (alias_list == 0)
+ {
+ itp->slist = (STRINGLIST *)NULL;
+ return 0;
+ }
+ for (n = 0; alias_list[n]; n++)
+ ;
+ sl = strlist_create (n+1);
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+ sl->list[i] = STRDUP (alias_list[i]->name);
+ sl->list[n] = (char *)NULL;
+ sl->list_size = sl->list_len = n;
+ itp->slist = sl;
+#else
+ itp->slist = (STRINGLIST *)NULL;
+#endif
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static void
+init_itemlist_from_varlist (itp, svfunc)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+ SVFUNC *svfunc;
+{
+ SHELL_VAR **vlist;
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+ register int i, n;
+
+ vlist = (*svfunc) ();
+ if (vlist == 0)
+ {
+ itp->slist = (STRINGLIST *)NULL;
+ return;
+ }
+ for (n = 0; vlist[n]; n++)
+ ;
+ sl = strlist_create (n+1);
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+ sl->list[i] = savestring (vlist[i]->name);
+ sl->list[sl->list_len = n] = (char *)NULL;
+ itp->slist = sl;
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_arrayvars (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ init_itemlist_from_varlist (itp, all_array_variables);
+ return 1;
+#else
+ return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_bindings (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ char **blist;
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+
+ /* rl_funmap_names allocates blist, but not its members */
+ blist = (char **)rl_funmap_names (); /* XXX fix const later */
+ sl = strlist_create (0);
+ sl->list = blist;
+ sl->list_size = 0;
+ sl->list_len = strvec_len (sl->list);
+ itp->flags |= LIST_DONTFREEMEMBERS;
+ itp->slist = sl;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_builtins (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+ register int i, n;
+
+ sl = strlist_create (num_shell_builtins);
+ for (i = n = 0; i < num_shell_builtins; i++)
+ if (shell_builtins[i].function)
+ sl->list[n++] = shell_builtins[i].name;
+ sl->list[sl->list_len = n] = (char *)NULL;
+ itp->flags |= LIST_DONTFREEMEMBERS;
+ itp->slist = sl;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_enabled (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+ register int i, n;
+
+ sl = strlist_create (num_shell_builtins);
+ for (i = n = 0; i < num_shell_builtins; i++)
+ {
+ if (shell_builtins[i].function && (shell_builtins[i].flags & BUILTIN_ENABLED))
+ sl->list[n++] = shell_builtins[i].name;
+ }
+ sl->list[sl->list_len = n] = (char *)NULL;
+ itp->flags |= LIST_DONTFREEMEMBERS;
+ itp->slist = sl;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_disabled (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+ register int i, n;
+
+ sl = strlist_create (num_shell_builtins);
+ for (i = n = 0; i < num_shell_builtins; i++)
+ {
+ if (shell_builtins[i].function && ((shell_builtins[i].flags & BUILTIN_ENABLED) == 0))
+ sl->list[n++] = shell_builtins[i].name;
+ }
+ sl->list[sl->list_len = n] = (char *)NULL;
+ itp->flags |= LIST_DONTFREEMEMBERS;
+ itp->slist = sl;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_exported (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ init_itemlist_from_varlist (itp, all_exported_variables);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_functions (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ init_itemlist_from_varlist (itp, all_visible_functions);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* Like it_init_builtins, but includes everything the help builtin looks at,
+ not just builtins with an active implementing function. */
+static int
+it_init_helptopics (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+ register int i, n;
+
+ sl = strlist_create (num_shell_builtins);
+ for (i = n = 0; i < num_shell_builtins; i++)
+ sl->list[n++] = shell_builtins[i].name;
+ sl->list[sl->list_len = n] = (char *)NULL;
+ itp->flags |= LIST_DONTFREEMEMBERS;
+ itp->slist = sl;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_hostnames (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+
+ sl = strlist_create (0);
+ sl->list = get_hostname_list ();
+ sl->list_len = sl->list ? strvec_len (sl->list) : 0;
+ sl->list_size = sl->list_len;
+ itp->slist = sl;
+ itp->flags |= LIST_DONTFREEMEMBERS|LIST_DONTFREE;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_joblist (itp, jstate)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+ int jstate;
+{
+#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+ register int i;
+ register PROCESS *p;
+ char *s, *t;
+ JOB *j;
+ JOB_STATE ws; /* wanted state */
+
+ ws = JNONE;
+ if (jstate == 0)
+ ws = JRUNNING;
+ else if (jstate == 1)
+ ws = JSTOPPED;
+
+ sl = strlist_create (js.j_jobslots);
+ for (i = js.j_jobslots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+ {
+ j = get_job_by_jid (i);
+ if (j == 0)
+ continue;
+ p = j->pipe;
+ if (jstate == -1 || JOBSTATE(i) == ws)
+ {
+ s = savestring (p->command);
+ t = strpbrk (s, " \t\n");
+ if (t)
+ *t = '\0';
+ sl->list[sl->list_len++] = s;
+ }
+ }
+ itp->slist = sl;
+#else
+ itp->slist = (STRINGLIST *)NULL;
+#endif
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_jobs (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ return (it_init_joblist (itp, -1));
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_running (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ return (it_init_joblist (itp, 0));
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_stopped (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ return (it_init_joblist (itp, 1));
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_keywords (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+ register int i, n;
+
+ for (n = 0; word_token_alist[n].word; n++)
+ ;
+ sl = strlist_create (n);
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+ sl->list[i] = word_token_alist[i].word;
+ sl->list[sl->list_len = i] = (char *)NULL;
+ itp->flags |= LIST_DONTFREEMEMBERS;
+ itp->slist = sl;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_signals (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+
+ sl = strlist_create (0);
+ sl->list = signal_names;
+ sl->list_len = strvec_len (sl->list);
+ itp->flags |= LIST_DONTFREE;
+ itp->slist = sl;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_variables (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ init_itemlist_from_varlist (itp, all_visible_variables);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_setopts (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+
+ sl = strlist_create (0);
+ sl->list = get_minus_o_opts ();
+ sl->list_len = strvec_len (sl->list);
+ itp->slist = sl;
+ itp->flags |= LIST_DONTFREEMEMBERS;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+it_init_shopts (itp)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+
+ sl = strlist_create (0);
+ sl->list = get_shopt_options ();
+ sl->list_len = strvec_len (sl->list);
+ itp->slist = sl;
+ itp->flags |= LIST_DONTFREEMEMBERS;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* Generate a list of all matches for TEXT using the STRINGLIST in itp->slist
+ as the list of possibilities. If the itemlist has been marked dirty or
+ it should be regenerated every time, destroy the old STRINGLIST and make a
+ new one before trying the match. TEXT is dequoted before attempting a
+ match. */
+static STRINGLIST *
+gen_matches_from_itemlist (itp, text)
+ ITEMLIST *itp;
+ const char *text;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *ret, *sl;
+ int tlen, i, n;
+ char *ntxt;
+
+ if ((itp->flags & (LIST_DIRTY|LIST_DYNAMIC)) ||
+ (itp->flags & LIST_INITIALIZED) == 0)
+ {
+ if (itp->flags & (LIST_DIRTY|LIST_DYNAMIC))
+ clean_itemlist (itp);
+ if ((itp->flags & LIST_INITIALIZED) == 0)
+ initialize_itemlist (itp);
+ }
+ if (itp->slist == 0)
+ return ((STRINGLIST *)NULL);
+ ret = strlist_create (itp->slist->list_len+1);
+ sl = itp->slist;
+
+ ntxt = bash_dequote_text (text);
+ tlen = STRLEN (ntxt);
+
+ for (i = n = 0; i < sl->list_len; i++)
+ {
+ if (tlen == 0 || STREQN (sl->list[i], ntxt, tlen))
+ ret->list[n++] = STRDUP (sl->list[i]);
+ }
+ ret->list[ret->list_len = n] = (char *)NULL;
+
+ FREE (ntxt);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* A wrapper for rl_filename_completion_function that dequotes the filename
+ before attempting completions. */
+static char *
+pcomp_filename_completion_function (text, state)
+ const char *text;
+ int state;
+{
+ static char *dfn; /* dequoted filename */
+ int qc;
+
+ if (state == 0)
+ {
+ FREE (dfn);
+ /* remove backslashes quoting special characters in filenames. */
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_COMPLETING) && rl_filename_dequoting_function)
+ {
+ /* Use rl_completion_quote_character because any single or
+ double quotes have been removed by the time TEXT makes it
+ here, and we don't want to remove backslashes inside
+ quoted strings. */
+ dfn = (*rl_filename_dequoting_function) ((char *)text, rl_completion_quote_character);
+ }
+ else
+ dfn = savestring (text);
+ }
+
+ return (rl_filename_completion_function (dfn, state));
+}
+
+#define GEN_COMPS(bmap, flag, it, text, glist, tlist) \
+ do { \
+ if (bmap & flag) \
+ { \
+ tlist = gen_matches_from_itemlist (it, text); \
+ if (tlist) \
+ { \
+ glist = strlist_append (glist, tlist); \
+ strlist_dispose (tlist); \
+ } \
+ } \
+ } while (0)
+
+#define GEN_XCOMPS(bmap, flag, text, func, cmatches, glist, tlist) \
+ do { \
+ if (bmap & flag) \
+ { \
+ cmatches = rl_completion_matches (text, func); \
+ tlist = completions_to_stringlist (cmatches); \
+ glist = strlist_append (glist, tlist); \
+ strvec_dispose (cmatches); \
+ strlist_dispose (tlist); \
+ } \
+ } while (0)
+
+/* Functions to generate lists of matches from the actions member of CS. */
+
+static STRINGLIST *
+gen_action_completions (cs, text)
+ COMPSPEC *cs;
+ const char *text;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *ret, *tmatches;
+ char **cmatches; /* from rl_completion_matches ... */
+ unsigned long flags;
+ int t;
+
+ ret = tmatches = (STRINGLIST *)NULL;
+ flags = cs->actions;
+
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_ALIAS, &it_aliases, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_ARRAYVAR, &it_arrayvars, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_BINDING, &it_bindings, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_BUILTIN, &it_builtins, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_DISABLED, &it_disabled, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_ENABLED, &it_enabled, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_EXPORT, &it_exports, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_FUNCTION, &it_functions, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_HELPTOPIC, &it_helptopics, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_HOSTNAME, &it_hostnames, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_JOB, &it_jobs, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_KEYWORD, &it_keywords, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_RUNNING, &it_running, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_SETOPT, &it_setopts, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_SHOPT, &it_shopts, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_SIGNAL, &it_signals, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_STOPPED, &it_stopped, text, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_COMPS (flags, CA_VARIABLE, &it_variables, text, ret, tmatches);
+
+ GEN_XCOMPS(flags, CA_COMMAND, text, command_word_completion_function, cmatches, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_XCOMPS(flags, CA_FILE, text, pcomp_filename_completion_function, cmatches, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_XCOMPS(flags, CA_USER, text, rl_username_completion_function, cmatches, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_XCOMPS(flags, CA_GROUP, text, bash_groupname_completion_function, cmatches, ret, tmatches);
+ GEN_XCOMPS(flags, CA_SERVICE, text, bash_servicename_completion_function, cmatches, ret, tmatches);
+
+ /* And lastly, the special case for directories */
+ if (flags & CA_DIRECTORY)
+ {
+ t = rl_filename_quoting_desired;
+ rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs = 1; /* override user preference */
+ cmatches = bash_directory_completion_matches (text);
+ /* If we did not want filename completion before this, and there are
+ no matches, turn off rl_filename_quoting_desired so whatever
+ matches we get are not treated as filenames (it gets turned on by
+ rl_filename_completion_function unconditionally). */
+ if (t == 0 && cmatches == 0 && rl_filename_quoting_desired == 1)
+ rl_filename_quoting_desired = 0;
+ tmatches = completions_to_stringlist (cmatches);
+ ret = strlist_append (ret, tmatches);
+ strvec_dispose (cmatches);
+ strlist_dispose (tmatches);
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Generate a list of matches for CS->globpat. Unresolved: should this use
+ TEXT as a match prefix, or just go without? Currently, the code does not
+ use TEXT, just globs CS->globpat and returns the results. If we do decide
+ to use TEXT, we should call quote_string_for_globbing before the call to
+ glob_filename. */
+static STRINGLIST *
+gen_globpat_matches (cs, text)
+ COMPSPEC *cs;
+ const char *text;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+
+ sl = strlist_create (0);
+ sl->list = glob_filename (cs->globpat, 0);
+ if (GLOB_FAILED (sl->list))
+ sl->list = (char **)NULL;
+ if (sl->list)
+ sl->list_len = sl->list_size = strvec_len (sl->list);
+ return sl;
+}
+
+/* Perform the shell word expansions on CS->words and return the results.
+ Again, this ignores TEXT. */
+static STRINGLIST *
+gen_wordlist_matches (cs, text)
+ COMPSPEC *cs;
+ const char *text;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *l, *l2;
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+ int nw, tlen;
+ char *ntxt; /* dequoted TEXT to use in comparisons */
+
+ if (cs->words == 0 || cs->words[0] == '\0')
+ return ((STRINGLIST *)NULL);
+
+ /* This used to be a simple expand_string(cs->words, 0), but that won't
+ do -- there's no way to split a simple list into individual words
+ that way, since the shell semantics say that word splitting is done
+ only on the results of expansion. */
+ l = split_at_delims (cs->words, strlen (cs->words), (char *)NULL, -1, 0, (int *)NULL, (int *)NULL);
+ if (l == 0)
+ return ((STRINGLIST *)NULL);
+ /* This will jump back to the top level if the expansion fails... */
+ l2 = expand_words_shellexp (l);
+ dispose_words (l);
+
+ nw = list_length (l2);
+ sl = strlist_create (nw + 1);
+
+ ntxt = bash_dequote_text (text);
+ tlen = STRLEN (ntxt);
+
+ for (nw = 0, l = l2; l; l = l->next)
+ {
+ if (tlen == 0 || STREQN (l->word->word, ntxt, tlen))
+ sl->list[nw++] = STRDUP (l->word->word);
+ }
+ sl->list[sl->list_len = nw] = (char *)NULL;
+
+ dispose_words (l2);
+ FREE (ntxt);
+ return sl;
+}
+
+#ifdef ARRAY_VARS
+
+static SHELL_VAR *
+bind_comp_words (lwords)
+ WORD_LIST *lwords;
+{
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+ v = find_variable ("COMP_WORDS");
+ if (v == 0)
+ v = make_new_array_variable ("COMP_WORDS");
+ if (readonly_p (v))
+ VUNSETATTR (v, att_readonly);
+ if (array_p (v) == 0)
+ v = convert_var_to_array (v);
+ v = assign_array_var_from_word_list (v, lwords, 0);
+
+ VUNSETATTR (v, att_invisible);
+ return v;
+}
+#endif /* ARRAY_VARS */
+
+static void
+bind_compfunc_variables (line, ind, lwords, cw, exported)
+ char *line;
+ int ind;
+ WORD_LIST *lwords;
+ int cw, exported;
+{
+ char ibuf[INT_STRLEN_BOUND(int) + 1];
+ char *value;
+ SHELL_VAR *v;
+
+ /* Set the variables that the function expects while it executes. Maybe
+ these should be in the function environment (temporary_env). */
+ v = bind_variable ("COMP_LINE", line, 0);
+ if (v && exported)
+ VSETATTR(v, att_exported);
+
+ value = inttostr (ind, ibuf, sizeof(ibuf));
+ v = bind_int_variable ("COMP_POINT", value);
+ if (v && exported)
+ VSETATTR(v, att_exported);
+
+ value = inttostr (rl_completion_type, ibuf, sizeof (ibuf));
+ v = bind_int_variable ("COMP_TYPE", value);
+ if (v && exported)
+ VSETATTR(v, att_exported);
+
+ value = inttostr (rl_completion_invoking_key, ibuf, sizeof (ibuf));
+ v = bind_int_variable ("COMP_KEY", value);
+ if (v && exported)
+ VSETATTR(v, att_exported);
+
+ /* Since array variables can't be exported, we don't bother making the
+ array of words. */
+ if (exported == 0)
+ {
+#ifdef ARRAY_VARS
+ v = bind_comp_words (lwords);
+ value = inttostr (cw, ibuf, sizeof(ibuf));
+ bind_int_variable ("COMP_CWORD", value);
+#endif
+ }
+ else
+ array_needs_making = 1;
+}
+
+static void
+unbind_compfunc_variables (exported)
+ int exported;
+{
+ unbind_variable ("COMP_LINE");
+ unbind_variable ("COMP_POINT");
+ unbind_variable ("COMP_TYPE");
+ unbind_variable ("COMP_KEY");
+#ifdef ARRAY_VARS
+ unbind_variable ("COMP_WORDS");
+ unbind_variable ("COMP_CWORD");
+#endif
+ if (exported)
+ array_needs_making = 1;
+}
+
+/* Build the list of words to pass to a function or external command
+ as arguments. When the function or command is invoked,
+
+ $0 == function or command being invoked
+ $1 == command name
+ $2 == word to be completed (possibly null)
+ $3 == previous word
+
+ Functions can access all of the words in the current command line
+ with the COMP_WORDS array. External commands cannot; they have to
+ make do with the COMP_LINE and COMP_POINT variables. */
+
+static WORD_LIST *
+build_arg_list (cmd, text, lwords, ind)
+ char *cmd;
+ const char *text;
+ WORD_LIST *lwords;
+ int ind;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *ret, *cl, *l;
+ WORD_DESC *w;
+ int i;
+
+ ret = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+ w = make_word (cmd);
+ ret = make_word_list (w, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ w = (lwords && lwords->word) ? copy_word (lwords->word) : make_word ("");
+ cl = ret->next = make_word_list (w, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ w = make_word (text);
+ cl->next = make_word_list (w, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ cl = cl->next;
+
+ /* Search lwords for current word */
+ for (l = lwords, i = 1; l && i < ind-1; l = l->next, i++)
+ ;
+ w = (l && l->word) ? copy_word (l->word) : make_word ("");
+ cl->next = make_word_list (w, (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Build a command string with
+ $0 == cs->funcname (function to execute for completion list)
+ $1 == command name (command being completed)
+ $2 = word to be completed (possibly null)
+ $3 = previous word
+ and run in the current shell. The function should put its completion
+ list into the array variable COMPREPLY. We build a STRINGLIST
+ from the results and return it.
+
+ Since the shell function should return its list of matches in an array
+ variable, this does nothing if arrays are not compiled into the shell. */
+
+static STRINGLIST *
+gen_shell_function_matches (cs, text, line, ind, lwords, nw, cw, foundp)
+ COMPSPEC *cs;
+ const char *text;
+ char *line;
+ int ind;
+ WORD_LIST *lwords;
+ int nw, cw;
+ int *foundp;
+{
+ char *funcname;
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+ SHELL_VAR *f, *v;
+ WORD_LIST *cmdlist;
+ int fval, found;
+ sh_parser_state_t ps;
+ sh_parser_state_t * restrict pps;
+#if defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ ARRAY *a;
+#endif
+
+ found = 0;
+ if (foundp)
+ *foundp = found;
+
+ funcname = cs->funcname;
+ f = find_function (funcname);
+ if (f == 0)
+ {
+ internal_error (_("completion: function `%s' not found"), funcname);
+ rl_ding ();
+ rl_on_new_line ();
+ return ((STRINGLIST *)NULL);
+ }
+
+#if !defined (ARRAY_VARS)
+ return ((STRINGLIST *)NULL);
+#else
+
+ /* We pass cw - 1 because command_line_to_word_list returns indices that are
+ 1-based, while bash arrays are 0-based. */
+ bind_compfunc_variables (line, ind, lwords, cw - 1, 0);
+
+ cmdlist = build_arg_list (funcname, text, lwords, cw);
+
+ pps = &ps;
+ save_parser_state (pps);
+ begin_unwind_frame ("gen-shell-function-matches");
+ add_unwind_protect (restore_parser_state, (char *)pps);
+ add_unwind_protect (dispose_words, (char *)cmdlist);
+ add_unwind_protect (unbind_compfunc_variables, (char *)0);
+
+ fval = execute_shell_function (f, cmdlist);
+
+ discard_unwind_frame ("gen-shell-function-matches");
+ restore_parser_state (pps);
+
+ found = fval != EX_NOTFOUND;
+ if (fval == EX_RETRYFAIL)
+ found |= PCOMP_RETRYFAIL;
+ if (foundp)
+ *foundp = found;
+
+ /* Now clean up and destroy everything. */
+ dispose_words (cmdlist);
+ unbind_compfunc_variables (0);
+
+ /* The list of completions is returned in the array variable COMPREPLY. */
+ v = find_variable ("COMPREPLY");
+ if (v == 0)
+ return ((STRINGLIST *)NULL);
+ if (array_p (v) == 0)
+ v = convert_var_to_array (v);
+
+ VUNSETATTR (v, att_invisible);
+
+ a = array_cell (v);
+ if (found == 0 || (found & PCOMP_RETRYFAIL) || a == 0 || array_empty (a))
+ sl = (STRINGLIST *)NULL;
+ else
+ {
+ /* XXX - should we filter the list of completions so only those matching
+ TEXT are returned? Right now, we do not. */
+ sl = strlist_create (0);
+ sl->list = array_to_argv (a);
+ sl->list_len = sl->list_size = array_num_elements (a);
+ }
+
+ /* XXX - should we unbind COMPREPLY here? */
+ unbind_variable ("COMPREPLY");
+
+ return (sl);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Build a command string with
+ $0 == cs->command (command to execute for completion list)
+ $1 == command name (command being completed)
+ $2 = word to be completed (possibly null)
+ $3 = previous word
+ and run in with command substitution. Parse the results, one word
+ per line, with backslashes allowed to escape newlines. Build a
+ STRINGLIST from the results and return it. */
+
+static STRINGLIST *
+gen_command_matches (cs, text, line, ind, lwords, nw, cw)
+ COMPSPEC *cs;
+ const char *text;
+ char *line;
+ int ind;
+ WORD_LIST *lwords;
+ int nw, cw;
+{
+ char *csbuf, *cscmd, *t;
+ int cmdlen, cmdsize, n, ws, we;
+ WORD_LIST *cmdlist, *cl;
+ WORD_DESC *tw;
+ STRINGLIST *sl;
+
+ bind_compfunc_variables (line, ind, lwords, cw, 1);
+ cmdlist = build_arg_list (cs->command, text, lwords, cw);
+
+ /* Estimate the size needed for the buffer. */
+ n = strlen (cs->command);
+ cmdsize = n + 1;
+ for (cl = cmdlist->next; cl; cl = cl->next)
+ cmdsize += STRLEN (cl->word->word) + 3;
+ cmdsize += 2;
+
+ /* allocate the string for the command and fill it in. */
+ cscmd = (char *)xmalloc (cmdsize + 1);
+
+ strcpy (cscmd, cs->command); /* $0 */
+ cmdlen = n;
+ cscmd[cmdlen++] = ' ';
+ for (cl = cmdlist->next; cl; cl = cl->next) /* $1, $2, $3, ... */
+ {
+ t = sh_single_quote (cl->word->word ? cl->word->word : "");
+ n = strlen (t);
+ RESIZE_MALLOCED_BUFFER (cscmd, cmdlen, n + 2, cmdsize, 64);
+ strcpy (cscmd + cmdlen, t);
+ cmdlen += n;
+ if (cl->next)
+ cscmd[cmdlen++] = ' ';
+ free (t);
+ }
+ cscmd[cmdlen] = '\0';
+
+ tw = command_substitute (cscmd, 0);
+ csbuf = tw ? tw->word : (char *)NULL;
+ dispose_word_desc (tw);
+
+ /* Now clean up and destroy everything. */
+ dispose_words (cmdlist);
+ free (cscmd);
+ unbind_compfunc_variables (1);
+
+ if (csbuf == 0 || *csbuf == '\0')
+ {
+ FREE (csbuf);
+ return ((STRINGLIST *)NULL);
+ }
+
+ /* Now break CSBUF up at newlines, with backslash allowed to escape a
+ newline, and put the individual words into a STRINGLIST. */
+ sl = strlist_create (16);
+ for (ws = 0; csbuf[ws]; )
+ {
+ we = ws;
+ while (csbuf[we] && csbuf[we] != '\n')
+ {
+ if (csbuf[we] == '\\' && csbuf[we+1] == '\n')
+ we++;
+ we++;
+ }
+ t = substring (csbuf, ws, we);
+ if (sl->list_len >= sl->list_size - 1)
+ strlist_resize (sl, sl->list_size + 16);
+ sl->list[sl->list_len++] = t;
+ while (csbuf[we] == '\n') we++;
+ ws = we;
+ }
+ sl->list[sl->list_len] = (char *)NULL;
+
+ free (csbuf);
+ return (sl);
+}
+
+static WORD_LIST *
+command_line_to_word_list (line, llen, sentinel, nwp, cwp)
+ char *line;
+ int llen, sentinel, *nwp, *cwp;
+{
+ WORD_LIST *ret;
+ char *delims;
+
+#if 0
+ delims = "()<>;&| \t\n"; /* shell metacharacters break words */
+#else
+ delims = rl_completer_word_break_characters;
+#endif
+ ret = split_at_delims (line, llen, delims, sentinel, SD_NOQUOTEDELIM, nwp, cwp);
+ return (ret);
+}
+
+/* Evaluate COMPSPEC *cs and return all matches for WORD. */
+
+STRINGLIST *
+gen_compspec_completions (cs, cmd, word, start, end, foundp)
+ COMPSPEC *cs;
+ const char *cmd;
+ const char *word;
+ int start, end;
+ int *foundp;
+{
+ STRINGLIST *ret, *tmatches;
+ char *line;
+ int llen, nw, cw, found, foundf;
+ WORD_LIST *lwords;
+ COMPSPEC *tcs;
+
+ found = 1;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ debug_printf ("gen_compspec_completions (%s, %s, %d, %d)", cmd, word, start, end);
+ debug_printf ("gen_compspec_completions: %s -> %p", cmd, cs);
+#endif
+ ret = gen_action_completions (cs, word);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ if (ret && progcomp_debug)
+ {
+ debug_printf ("gen_action_completions (%p, %s) -->", cs, word);
+ strlist_print (ret, "\t");
+ rl_on_new_line ();
+ }
+#endif
+
+ /* Now we start generating completions based on the other members of CS. */
+ if (cs->globpat)
+ {
+ tmatches = gen_globpat_matches (cs, word);
+ if (tmatches)
+ {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ if (progcomp_debug)
+ {
+ debug_printf ("gen_globpat_matches (%p, %s) -->", cs, word);
+ strlist_print (tmatches, "\t");
+ rl_on_new_line ();
+ }
+#endif
+ ret = strlist_append (ret, tmatches);
+ strlist_dispose (tmatches);
+ rl_filename_completion_desired = 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (cs->words)
+ {
+ tmatches = gen_wordlist_matches (cs, word);
+ if (tmatches)
+ {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ if (progcomp_debug)
+ {
+ debug_printf ("gen_wordlist_matches (%p, %s) -->", cs, word);
+ strlist_print (tmatches, "\t");
+ rl_on_new_line ();
+ }
+#endif
+ ret = strlist_append (ret, tmatches);
+ strlist_dispose (tmatches);
+ }
+ }
+
+ lwords = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
+ line = (char *)NULL;
+ if (cs->command || cs->funcname)
+ {
+ /* If we have a command or function to execute, we need to first break
+ the command line into individual words, find the number of words,
+ and find the word in the list containing the word to be completed. */
+ line = substring (rl_line_buffer, start, end);
+ llen = end - start;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ debug_printf ("command_line_to_word_list (%s, %d, %d, %p, %p)",
+ line, llen, rl_point - start, &nw, &cw);
+#endif
+ lwords = command_line_to_word_list (line, llen, rl_point - start, &nw, &cw);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ if (lwords == 0 && llen > 0)
+ debug_printf ("ERROR: command_line_to_word_list returns NULL");
+ else if (progcomp_debug)
+ {
+ debug_printf ("command_line_to_word_list -->");
+ printf ("\t");
+ print_word_list (lwords, "!");
+ printf ("\n");
+ fflush(stdout);
+ rl_on_new_line ();
+ }
+#endif
+ }
+
+ if (cs->funcname)
+ {
+ foundf = 0;
+ tmatches = gen_shell_function_matches (cs, word, line, rl_point - start, lwords, nw, cw, &foundf);
+ if (foundf != 0)
+ found = foundf;
+ if (tmatches)
+ {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ if (progcomp_debug)
+ {
+ debug_printf ("gen_shell_function_matches (%p, %s, %p, %d, %d) -->", cs, word, lwords, nw, cw);
+ strlist_print (tmatches, "\t");
+ rl_on_new_line ();
+ }
+#endif
+ ret = strlist_append (ret, tmatches);
+ strlist_dispose (tmatches);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (cs->command)
+ {
+ tmatches = gen_command_matches (cs, word, line, rl_point - start, lwords, nw, cw);
+ if (tmatches)
+ {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ if (progcomp_debug)
+ {
+ debug_printf ("gen_command_matches (%p, %s, %p, %d, %d) -->", cs, word, lwords, nw, cw);
+ strlist_print (tmatches, "\t");
+ rl_on_new_line ();
+ }
+#endif
+ ret = strlist_append (ret, tmatches);
+ strlist_dispose (tmatches);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (cs->command || cs->funcname)
+ {
+ if (lwords)
+ dispose_words (lwords);
+ FREE (line);
+ }
+
+ if (foundp)
+ *foundp = found;
+
+ if (found == 0 || (found & PCOMP_RETRYFAIL))
+ {
+ strlist_dispose (ret);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ if (cs->filterpat)
+ {
+ tmatches = filter_stringlist (ret, cs->filterpat, word);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+ if (progcomp_debug)
+ {
+ debug_printf ("filter_stringlist (%p, %s, %s) -->", ret, cs->filterpat, word);
+ strlist_print (tmatches, "\t");
+ rl_on_new_line ();
+ }
+#endif
+ if (ret && ret != tmatches)
+ {
+ FREE (ret->list);
+ free (ret);
+ }
+ ret = tmatches;
+ }
+
+ if (cs->prefix || cs->suffix)
+ ret = strlist_prefix_suffix (ret, cs->prefix, cs->suffix);
+
+ /* If no matches have been generated and the user has specified that
+ directory completion should be done as a default, call
+ gen_action_completions again to generate a list of matching directory
+ names. */
+ if ((ret == 0 || ret->list_len == 0) && (cs->options & COPT_DIRNAMES))
+ {
+ tcs = compspec_create ();
+ tcs->actions = CA_DIRECTORY;
+ ret = gen_action_completions (tcs, word);
+ compspec_dispose (tcs);
+ }
+ else if (cs->options & COPT_PLUSDIRS)
+ {
+ tcs = compspec_create ();
+ tcs->actions = CA_DIRECTORY;
+ tmatches = gen_action_completions (tcs, word);
+ ret = strlist_append (ret, tmatches);
+ strlist_dispose (tmatches);
+ compspec_dispose (tcs);
+ }
+
+ return (ret);
+}
+
+void
+pcomp_set_readline_variables (flags, nval)
+ int flags, nval;
+{
+ /* If the user specified that the compspec returns filenames, make
+ sure that readline knows it. */
+ if (flags & COPT_FILENAMES)
+ rl_filename_completion_desired = nval;
+ /* If the user doesn't want a space appended, tell readline. */
+ if (flags & COPT_NOSPACE)
+ rl_completion_suppress_append = nval;
+}
+
+/* Set or unset FLAGS in the options word of the current compspec.
+ SET_OR_UNSET is 1 for setting, 0 for unsetting. */
+void
+pcomp_set_compspec_options (cs, flags, set_or_unset)
+ COMPSPEC *cs;
+ int flags, set_or_unset;
+{
+ if (cs == 0 && ((cs = pcomp_curcs) == 0))
+ return;
+ if (set_or_unset)
+ cs->options |= flags;
+ else
+ cs->options &= ~flags;
+}
+
+static STRINGLIST *
+gen_progcomp_completions (ocmd, cmd, word, start, end, foundp, retryp, lastcs)
+ const char *ocmd;
+ const char *cmd;
+ const char *word;
+ int start, end;
+ int *foundp, *retryp;
+ COMPSPEC **lastcs;
+{
+ COMPSPEC *cs, *oldcs;
+ const char *oldcmd;
+ STRINGLIST *ret;
+
+ cs = progcomp_search (ocmd);
+
+ if (cs == 0 || cs == *lastcs)
+ return (NULL);
+
+ if (*lastcs)
+ compspec_dispose (*lastcs);
+ cs->refcount++; /* XXX */
+ *lastcs = cs;
+
+ cs = compspec_copy (cs);
+
+ oldcs = pcomp_curcs;
+ oldcmd = pcomp_curcmd;
+
+ pcomp_curcs = cs;
+ pcomp_curcmd = cmd;
+
+ ret = gen_compspec_completions (cs, cmd, word, start, end, foundp);
+
+ pcomp_curcs = oldcs;
+ pcomp_curcmd = oldcmd;
+
+ /* We need to conditionally handle setting *retryp here */
+ if (retryp)
+ *retryp = foundp && (*foundp & PCOMP_RETRYFAIL);
+
+ if (foundp)
+ {
+ *foundp &= ~PCOMP_RETRYFAIL;
+ *foundp |= cs->options;
+ }
+
+ compspec_dispose (cs);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* The driver function for the programmable completion code. Returns a list
+ of matches for WORD, which is an argument to command CMD. START and END
+ bound the command currently being completed in rl_line_buffer. */
+char **
+programmable_completions (cmd, word, start, end, foundp)
+ const char *cmd;
+ const char *word;
+ int start, end, *foundp;
+{
+ COMPSPEC *cs, *lastcs;
+ STRINGLIST *ret;
+ char **rmatches, *t;
+ int found, retry, count;
+
+ lastcs = 0;
+ found = count = 0;
+
+ do
+ {
+ retry = 0;
+
+ /* We look at the basename of CMD if the full command does not have
+ an associated COMPSPEC. */
+ ret = gen_progcomp_completions (cmd, cmd, word, start, end, &found, &retry, &lastcs);
+ if (found == 0)
+ {
+ t = strrchr (cmd, '/');
+ if (t && *(++t))
+ ret = gen_progcomp_completions (t, cmd, word, start, end, &found, &retry, &lastcs);
+ }
+
+ if (found == 0)
+ ret = gen_progcomp_completions (DEFAULTCMD, cmd, word, start, end, &found, &retry, &lastcs);
+
+ count++;
+
+ if (count > 32)
+ {
+ internal_warning ("programmable_completion: %s: possible retry loop", cmd);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ while (retry);
+
+ if (ret)
+ {
+ rmatches = ret->list;
+ free (ret);
+ }
+ else
+ rmatches = (char **)NULL;
+
+ if (foundp)
+ *foundp = found;
+
+ if (lastcs) /* XXX - should be while? */
+ compspec_dispose (lastcs);
+
+ return (rmatches);
+}
+
+#endif /* PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION */
# Set of available languages.
-en@quot en@boldquot af bg ca cs da de eo es et fi fr ga hu id ja lt nl pl pt_BR ro ru sk sl sv tr uk vi zh_CN zh_TW
+en@quot en@boldquot af bg ca cs da de eo es et fi fr ga gl hu id ja lt nl pl pt_BR ro ru sk sl sv tr uk vi zh_CN zh_TW
--- /dev/null
+# Galician translation for bash package.
+# Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the bash package.
+#
+# Leandro Regueiro <leandro.regueiro@gmail.com>, 2011.
+#
+# Proxecto Trasno - Adaptación do software libre á lingua galega: Se desexas
+# colaborar connosco, podes atopar máis información en <http://trasno.net>
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: bash 4.2\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-01-28 22:09-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2011-09-26 13:38+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Leandro Regueiro <leandro.regueiro@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Galician <proxecto@trasno.net>\n"
+"Language: gl\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n!=1);\n"
+
+#: arrayfunc.c:50
+msgid "bad array subscript"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: arrayfunc.c:313 builtins/declare.def:487
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot convert indexed to associative array"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: arrayfunc.c:480
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid associative array key"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: arrayfunc.c:482
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot assign to non-numeric index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: arrayfunc.c:518
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bashhist.c:387
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
+msgstr "%s: non foi posíbel crear: %s"
+
+#: bashline.c:3498
+msgid "bash_execute_unix_command: cannot find keymap for command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bashline.c:3584
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: first non-whitespace character is not `\"'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bashline.c:3613
+#, c-format
+msgid "no closing `%c' in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: bashline.c:3647
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: missing colon separator"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/alias.def:132
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': invalid alias name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:120 builtins/bind.def:123
+msgid "line editing not enabled"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:206
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': invalid keymap name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:245
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot read: %s"
+msgstr "%s: non foi posíbel ler: %s"
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': cannot unbind"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:295 builtins/bind.def:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': unknown function name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:303
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not bound to any keys.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:307
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s can be invoked via "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/break.def:77 builtins/break.def:117
+msgid "loop count"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/break.def:137
+msgid "only meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' loop"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/caller.def:133
+msgid ""
+"Returns the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
+" \n"
+" Without EXPR, returns "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/cd.def:235
+msgid "HOME not set"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/cd.def:247
+msgid "OLDPWD not set"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "line %d: "
+msgstr "liña %d: "
+
+#: builtins/common.c:139 error.c:261
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "warning: "
+msgstr "Aviso"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:153
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: usage: "
+msgstr "%s: modo de uso: "
+
+#: builtins/common.c:166 test.c:832
+msgid "too many arguments"
+msgstr "demasiados argumentos"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:191 shell.c:500 shell.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: option requires an argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:198
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: numeric argument required"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not found"
+msgstr "%s: non se atopou"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:214 shell.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid option"
+msgstr "%s: opción non válida"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid option name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:228 general.c:231 general.c:236
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': not a valid identifier"
+msgstr "`%s': non é un identificador válido"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:238
+msgid "invalid octal number"
+msgstr "número octal non válido"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:240
+msgid "invalid hex number"
+msgstr "número hexadecimal non válido"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:242 expr.c:1362
+msgid "invalid number"
+msgstr "número non válido"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:250
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid signal specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:257
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': not a pid or valid job spec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:264 error.c:454
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: readonly variable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s out of range"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:272 builtins/common.c:274
+msgid "argument"
+msgstr "argumento"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:274
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s out of range"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:282
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: no such job"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: no job control"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:292
+msgid "no job control"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:302
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: restricted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:304
+msgid "restricted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:312
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not a shell builtin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "write error: %s"
+msgstr "erro de escritura: %s"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/complete.def:276
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid action name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/complete.def:449 builtins/complete.def:644
+#: builtins/complete.def:853
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: no completion specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/complete.def:696
+msgid "warning: -F option may not work as you expect"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/complete.def:698
+msgid "warning: -C option may not work as you expect"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/complete.def:826
+msgid "not currently executing completion function"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/declare.def:124
+msgid "can only be used in a function"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/declare.def:366
+msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/declare.def:378 execute_cmd.c:5105
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: readonly function"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/declare.def:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot destroy array variables in this way"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/declare.def:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot convert associative to indexed array"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/enable.def:137 builtins/enable.def:145
+msgid "dynamic loading not available"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/enable.def:312
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open shared object %s: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/enable.def:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot find %s in shared object %s: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/enable.def:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not dynamically loaded"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/enable.def:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
+msgstr "%s: non foi posíbel eliminar: %s"
+
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:135 builtins/hash.def:171 execute_cmd.c:4961
+#: shell.c:1457
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: is a directory"
+msgstr "%s: é un directorio"
+
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:140
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "%s: not a regular file"
+msgstr "Non é un ficheiro regular"
+
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:148
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: file is too large"
+msgstr "%s: o ficheiro é demasiado grande"
+
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:182 builtins/evalfile.c:200 execute_cmd.c:5032
+#: shell.c:1467
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/exec.def:154 builtins/exec.def:156 builtins/exec.def:228
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot execute: %s"
+msgstr "%s: non foi posíbel executar: %s"
+
+#: builtins/exit.def:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "logout\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/exit.def:88
+msgid "not login shell: use `exit'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/exit.def:120
+#, c-format
+msgid "There are stopped jobs.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/exit.def:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "There are running jobs.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/fc.def:262
+msgid "no command found"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/fc.def:312 builtins/fc.def:359
+msgid "history specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/fc.def:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot open temp file: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/fg_bg.def:149 builtins/jobs.def:282
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "current"
+msgstr "Actual"
+
+#: builtins/fg_bg.def:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "job %d started without job control"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/getopt.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: illegal option -- %c\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/getopt.c:111
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/hash.def:92
+msgid "hashing disabled"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/hash.def:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: hash table empty\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/hash.def:245
+#, c-format
+msgid "hits\tcommand\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/help.def:130
+#, c-format
+msgid "Shell commands matching keyword `"
+msgid_plural "Shell commands matching keywords `"
+msgstr[0] ""
+msgstr[1] ""
+
+#: builtins/help.def:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "no help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/help.def:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot open: %s"
+msgstr "%s: non foi posíbel abrir: %s"
+
+#: builtins/help.def:337
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.\n"
+"Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.\n"
+"Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.\n"
+"Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list.\n"
+"\n"
+"A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/history.def:154
+msgid "cannot use more than one of -anrw"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/history.def:186
+msgid "history position"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/history.def:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: history expansion failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/inlib.def:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: inlib failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/jobs.def:109
+msgid "no other options allowed with `-x'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/kill.def:198
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: arguments must be process or job IDs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/kill.def:261
+msgid "Unknown error"
+msgstr "Erro descoñecido"
+
+#: builtins/let.def:95 builtins/let.def:120 expr.c:552 expr.c:567
+msgid "expression expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:172
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not an indexed array"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:256 builtins/read.def:279
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:264 builtins/read.def:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:273 builtins/mapfile.def:311
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid line count"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:284
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:301
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:333
+msgid "empty array variable name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:354
+msgid "array variable support required"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/printf.def:394
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': missing format character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/printf.def:448
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%c': invalid time format specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/printf.def:635
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%c': invalid format character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/printf.def:662
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "warning: %s: %s"
+msgstr "Aviso"
+
+#: builtins/printf.def:840
+msgid "missing hex digit for \\x"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/printf.def:855
+#, c-format
+msgid "missing unicode digit for \\%c"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:195
+msgid "no other directory"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:462
+msgid "<no current directory>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:506
+msgid "directory stack empty"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:508
+msgid "directory stack index"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:683
+msgid ""
+"Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories\n"
+" find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get\n"
+" back up through the list with the `popd' command.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -c\tclear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements\n"
+" -l\tdo not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative\n"
+" \tto your home directory\n"
+" -p\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line\n"
+" -v\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed\n"
+" \twith its position in the stack\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by\n"
+" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by\n"
+"\tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:705
+msgid ""
+"Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\n"
+" the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working\n"
+" directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when adding\n"
+" \tdirectories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" +N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n"
+" \tfrom the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with\n"
+" \tzero) is at the top.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n"
+" \tfrom the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with\n"
+" \tzero) is at the top.\n"
+" \n"
+" dir\tAdds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the\n"
+" \tnew current working directory.\n"
+" \n"
+" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:730
+msgid ""
+"Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes\n"
+" the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when removing\n"
+" \tdirectories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" +N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the left of the list\n"
+" \tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0'\n"
+" \tremoves the first directory, `popd +1' the second.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the right of the list\n"
+" \tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0'\n"
+" \tremoves the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last.\n"
+" \n"
+" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/read.def:252
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid timeout specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/read.def:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "read error: %d: %s"
+msgstr "erro de lectura: %d: %s"
+
+#: builtins/return.def:73
+msgid "can only `return' from a function or sourced script"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/set.def:771
+msgid "cannot simultaneously unset a function and a variable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/set.def:808
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot unset"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/set.def:815
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot unset: readonly %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/set.def:826
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not an array variable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/setattr.def:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not a function"
+msgstr "%s: non é unha función"
+
+#: builtins/shift.def:71 builtins/shift.def:77
+msgid "shift count"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/shopt.def:264
+msgid "cannot set and unset shell options simultaneously"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/shopt.def:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid shell option name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/source.def:130
+msgid "filename argument required"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/source.def:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: file not found"
+msgstr "%s: non se atopou o ficheiro"
+
+#: builtins/suspend.def:101
+msgid "cannot suspend"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/suspend.def:111
+msgid "cannot suspend a login shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/type.def:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is aliased to `%s'\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/type.def:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a shell keyword\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/type.def:274
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a function\n"
+msgstr "%s é unha función\n"
+
+#: builtins/type.def:296
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a shell builtin\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/type.def:317 builtins/type.def:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is %s\n"
+msgstr "%s é %s\n"
+
+#: builtins/type.def:337
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is hashed (%s)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:376
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid limit argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:402
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%c': bad command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:431
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot get limit: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:457
+msgid "limit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:469 builtins/ulimit.def:769
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot modify limit: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/umask.def:118
+msgid "octal number"
+msgstr "número octal"
+
+#: builtins/umask.def:231
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%c': invalid symbolic mode operator"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/umask.def:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%c': invalid symbolic mode character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: error.c:90 error.c:321 error.c:323 error.c:325
+msgid " line "
+msgstr " liña "
+
+#: error.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid "last command: %s\n"
+msgstr "última orde: %s\n"
+
+#: error.c:173
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: error.c:406
+msgid "unknown command error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: error.c:407
+msgid "bad command type"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: error.c:408
+msgid "bad connector"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: error.c:409
+msgid "bad jump"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: error.c:447
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: unbound variable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: eval.c:181
+#, c-format
+msgid "\atimed out waiting for input: auto-logout\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:504
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:1168
+#, c-format
+msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:2121
+msgid "pipe error"
+msgstr "erro de canalización"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:4640
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:4735
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: command not found"
+msgstr "%s: non se atopou a orde"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:4959
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s"
+msgstr "%s: %s"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:4995
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:5144
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
+msgstr "Seleccione un ou máis <b>obxectos</b> para duplicalos."
+
+#: expr.c:256
+msgid "expression recursion level exceeded"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: expr.c:280
+msgid "recursion stack underflow"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: expr.c:422
+msgid "syntax error in expression"
+msgstr "erro de sintaxe na expresión"
+
+#: expr.c:463
+msgid "attempted assignment to non-variable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: expr.c:486 expr.c:491 expr.c:807
+msgid "division by 0"
+msgstr "división entre 0"
+
+#: expr.c:517
+msgid "bug: bad expassign token"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: expr.c:564
+msgid "`:' expected for conditional expression"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: expr.c:832
+msgid "exponent less than 0"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: expr.c:887
+msgid "identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrement"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: expr.c:910
+msgid "missing `)'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: expr.c:959 expr.c:1282
+msgid "syntax error: operand expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: expr.c:1284
+msgid "syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: expr.c:1308
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s%s: %s (error token is \"%s\")"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: expr.c:1366
+msgid "invalid arithmetic base"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: expr.c:1386
+msgid "value too great for base"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: expr.c:1435
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: expression error\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: general.c:61
+msgid "getcwd: cannot access parent directories"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: input.c:94 subst.c:5082
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: input.c:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: input.c:268
+#, c-format
+msgid "save_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:468
+msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:889
+#, c-format
+msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:1007
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:1112
+#, c-format
+msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:1115
+#, c-format
+msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:1430
+#, c-format
+msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:1445
+#, c-format
+msgid "Signal %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:1459 jobs.c:1484
+msgid "Done"
+msgstr "Feito"
+
+#: jobs.c:1464 siglist.c:123
+msgid "Stopped"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:1468
+#, c-format
+msgid "Stopped(%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:1472
+msgid "Running"
+msgstr "En execución"
+
+#: jobs.c:1486
+#, c-format
+msgid "Done(%d)"
+msgstr "Feito(%d)"
+
+#: jobs.c:1488
+#, c-format
+msgid "Exit %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:1491
+msgid "Unknown status"
+msgstr "Estado descoñecido"
+
+#: jobs.c:1578
+#, c-format
+msgid "(core dumped) "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:1597
+#, c-format
+msgid " (wd: %s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:1805
+#, c-format
+msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:2133 nojobs.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:2360
+#, c-format
+msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:2637
+#, c-format
+msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:2859
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: job has terminated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:2868
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:3089
+msgid "waitchld: turning on WNOHANG to avoid indefinite block"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:3538
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: line %d: "
+msgstr "%s: liña %d: "
+
+#: jobs.c:3552 nojobs.c:814
+#, c-format
+msgid " (core dumped)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:3564 jobs.c:3577
+#, c-format
+msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:3609
+msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:3669
+msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:3679
+msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:3707
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:3712
+msgid "no job control in this shell"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:296
+#, c-format
+msgid "malloc: failed assertion: %s\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:312
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\r\n"
+"malloc: %s:%d: assertion botched\r\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:313
+msgid "unknown"
+msgstr "descoñecido"
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:797
+msgid "malloc: block on free list clobbered"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:874
+msgid "free: called with already freed block argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:877
+msgid "free: called with unallocated block argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:896
+msgid "free: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:902
+msgid "free: start and end chunk sizes differ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1001
+msgid "realloc: called with unallocated block argument"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1016
+msgid "realloc: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1022
+msgid "realloc: start and end chunk sizes differ"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/malloc/table.c:177
+#, c-format
+msgid "register_alloc: alloc table is full with FIND_ALLOC?\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/malloc/table.c:184
+#, c-format
+msgid "register_alloc: %p already in table as allocated?\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/malloc/table.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "register_free: %p already in table as free?\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/sh/fmtulong.c:101
+msgid "invalid base"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: host unknown"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid service"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad network path specification"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:346
+msgid "network operations not supported"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: locale.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: locale.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: locale.c:247
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: locale.c:249
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: mailcheck.c:433
+msgid "You have mail in $_"
+msgstr "Ten mensaxes en $_"
+
+#: mailcheck.c:458
+msgid "You have new mail in $_"
+msgstr "Ten unha nova mensaxe en $_"
+
+#: mailcheck.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "The mail in %s has been read\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: make_cmd.c:323
+msgid "syntax error: arithmetic expression required"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: make_cmd.c:325
+msgid "syntax error: `;' unexpected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: make_cmd.c:326
+#, c-format
+msgid "syntax error: `((%s))'"
+msgstr "erro de sintaxe: `((%s))'"
+
+#: make_cmd.c:575
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_here_document: bad instruction type %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: make_cmd.c:659
+#, c-format
+msgid "here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s')"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: make_cmd.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_redirection: redirection instruction `%d' out of range"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:3173 parse.y:3444
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4025
+msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4030
+#, c-format
+msgid "syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4034
+msgid "syntax error in conditional expression"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4112
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected token `%s', expected `)'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4116
+msgid "expected `)'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4144
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operator"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4148
+msgid "unexpected argument to conditional unary operator"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4194
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4198
+msgid "conditional binary operator expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4220
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operator"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4224
+msgid "unexpected argument to conditional binary operator"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4235
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected token `%c' in conditional command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4238
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected token `%s' in conditional command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:4242
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected token %d in conditional command"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:5566
+#, c-format
+msgid "syntax error near unexpected token `%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:5584
+#, c-format
+msgid "syntax error near `%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:5594
+msgid "syntax error: unexpected end of file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:5594
+msgid "syntax error"
+msgstr "erro de sintaxe"
+
+#: parse.y:5656
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use \"%s\" to leave the shell.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: parse.y:5818
+msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pcomplete.c:1030
+#, c-format
+msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: pcomplib.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: print_cmd.c:296
+#, c-format
+msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: print_cmd.c:368
+#, c-format
+msgid "xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: print_cmd.c:373
+msgid "xtrace_set: NULL file pointer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: print_cmd.c:377
+#, c-format
+msgid "xtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: print_cmd.c:1478
+#, c-format
+msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: redir.c:122
+msgid "file descriptor out of range"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: redir.c:178
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: ambiguous redirect"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: redir.c:182
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot overwrite existing file"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: redir.c:187
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: restricted: cannot redirect output"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: redir.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create temp file for here-document: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: redir.c:196
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot assign fd to variable"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: redir.c:548
+msgid "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: redir.c:818 redir.c:930 redir.c:993 redir.c:1136
+msgid "redirection error: cannot duplicate fd"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: shell.c:333
+msgid "could not find /tmp, please create!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: shell.c:337
+msgid "/tmp must be a valid directory name"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: shell.c:884
+#, c-format
+msgid "%c%c: invalid option"
+msgstr "%c%c: opción non válida"
+
+#: shell.c:1652
+msgid "I have no name!"
+msgstr "Non teño nome!"
+
+#: shell.c:1795
+#, c-format
+msgid "GNU bash, version %s-(%s)\n"
+msgstr "GNU bash, versión %s-(%s)\n"
+
+#: shell.c:1796
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Usage:\t%s [GNU long option] [option] ...\n"
+"\t%s [GNU long option] [option] script-file ...\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: shell.c:1798
+msgid "GNU long options:\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: shell.c:1802
+msgid "Shell options:\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: shell.c:1803
+msgid "\t-irsD or -c command or -O shopt_option\t\t(invocation only)\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: shell.c:1818
+#, c-format
+msgid "\t-%s or -o option\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: shell.c:1824
+#, c-format
+msgid "Type `%s -c \"help set\"' for more information about shell options.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: shell.c:1825
+#, c-format
+msgid "Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: shell.c:1826
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use the `bashbug' command to report bugs.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: sig.c:638
+#, c-format
+msgid "sigprocmask: %d: invalid operation"
+msgstr "sigprocmask: %d: operación non válida"
+
+#: siglist.c:48
+msgid "Bogus signal"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:51
+msgid "Hangup"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:55
+msgid "Interrupt"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:59
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Saír"
+
+#: siglist.c:63
+msgid "Illegal instruction"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:67
+msgid "BPT trace/trap"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:75
+msgid "ABORT instruction"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:79
+msgid "EMT instruction"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:83
+msgid "Floating point exception"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:87
+msgid "Killed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:91
+msgid "Bus error"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:95
+msgid "Segmentation fault"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:99
+msgid "Bad system call"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:103
+msgid "Broken pipe"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:107
+msgid "Alarm clock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:111
+msgid "Terminated"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:115
+msgid "Urgent IO condition"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:119
+msgid "Stopped (signal)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:127
+msgid "Continue"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:135
+msgid "Child death or stop"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:139
+msgid "Stopped (tty input)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:143
+msgid "Stopped (tty output)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:147
+msgid "I/O ready"
+msgstr "E/S preparada"
+
+#: siglist.c:151
+msgid "CPU limit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:155
+msgid "File limit"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:159
+msgid "Alarm (virtual)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:163
+msgid "Alarm (profile)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:167
+msgid "Window changed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:171
+msgid "Record lock"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:175
+msgid "User signal 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:179
+msgid "User signal 2"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:183
+msgid "HFT input data pending"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:187
+msgid "power failure imminent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:191
+msgid "system crash imminent"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:195
+msgid "migrate process to another CPU"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:199
+msgid "programming error"
+msgstr "erro de programación"
+
+#: siglist.c:203
+msgid "HFT monitor mode granted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:207
+msgid "HFT monitor mode retracted"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:211
+msgid "HFT sound sequence has completed"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:215
+msgid "Information request"
+msgstr "Solicitude de información"
+
+#: siglist.c:223
+msgid "Unknown Signal #"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: siglist.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown Signal #%d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:1333 subst.c:1502
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:2795
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot assign list to array member"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:4979 subst.c:4995
+msgid "cannot make pipe for process substitution"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:5027
+msgid "cannot make child for process substitution"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:5072
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for reading"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:5074
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for writing"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:5092
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:5284
+msgid "cannot make pipe for command substitution"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:5322
+msgid "cannot make child for command substitution"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:5339
+msgid "command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:5859
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: parameter null or not set"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:6125 subst.c:6140
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: substring expression < 0"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:7271
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad substitution"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:7347
+#, c-format
+msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:7684
+msgid "future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:8149
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:9036
+#, c-format
+msgid "no match: %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: test.c:146
+msgid "argument expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: test.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: integer expression expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: test.c:263
+msgid "`)' expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: test.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "`)' expected, found %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: test.c:280 test.c:698 test.c:701
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: unary operator expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: test.c:449 test.c:741
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: binary operator expected"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: test.c:816
+msgid "missing `]'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trap.c:207
+msgid "invalid signal number"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trap.c:337
+#, c-format
+msgid "run_pending_traps: bad value in trap_list[%d]: %p"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trap.c:341
+#, c-format
+msgid "run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: trap.c:393
+#, c-format
+msgid "trap_handler: bad signal %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: variables.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "error importing function definition for `%s'"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: variables.c:755
+#, c-format
+msgid "shell level (%d) too high, resetting to 1"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: variables.c:1932
+msgid "make_local_variable: no function context at current scope"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: variables.c:3182
+msgid "all_local_variables: no function context at current scope"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: variables.c:3427
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s has null exportstr"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: variables.c:3432 variables.c:3441
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid character %d in exportstr for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: variables.c:3447
+#, c-format
+msgid "no `=' in exportstr for %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: variables.c:3891
+msgid "pop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function context"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: variables.c:3904
+msgid "pop_var_context: no global_variables context"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: variables.c:3978
+msgid "pop_scope: head of shell_variables not a temporary environment scope"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: variables.c:4786
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s: cannot open as FILE"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: variables.c:4791
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s: invalid value for trace file descriptor"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: version.c:46
+msgid "Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#: version.c:47
+msgid "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: version.c:86 version2.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "GNU bash, version %s (%s)\n"
+msgstr "GNU bash, versión %s (%s)\n"
+
+#: version.c:91 version2.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: version.c:92 version2.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: version2.c:86
+#, c-format
+msgid "Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"
+msgstr "Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"
+
+#: version2.c:87
+#, c-format
+msgid "License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: xmalloc.c:91
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: xmalloc.c:93
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: xmalloc.c:163
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: xmalloc.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:43
+msgid "alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:47
+msgid "unalias [-a] name [name ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:51
+msgid "bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:54
+msgid "break [n]"
+msgstr "break [n]"
+
+#: builtins.c:56
+msgid "continue [n]"
+msgstr "continue [n]"
+
+#: builtins.c:58
+msgid "builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:61
+msgid "caller [expr]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:64
+msgid "cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:66
+msgid "pwd [-LP]"
+msgstr "pwd [-LP]"
+
+#: builtins.c:68
+msgid ":"
+msgstr ":"
+
+#: builtins.c:70
+msgid "true"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:72
+msgid "false"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:74
+msgid "command [-pVv] command [arg ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:76
+msgid "declare [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:78
+msgid "typeset [-aAfFgilrtux] [-p] name[=value] ..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:80
+msgid "local [option] name[=value] ..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:83
+msgid "echo [-neE] [arg ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:87
+msgid "echo [-n] [arg ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:90
+msgid "enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:92
+msgid "eval [arg ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:94
+msgid "getopts optstring name [arg]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:96
+msgid "exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:98
+msgid "exit [n]"
+msgstr "exit [n]"
+
+#: builtins.c:100
+msgid "logout [n]"
+msgstr "logout [n]"
+
+#: builtins.c:103
+msgid "fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:107
+msgid "fg [job_spec]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:111
+msgid "bg [job_spec ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:114
+msgid "hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:117
+msgid "help [-dms] [pattern ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:121
+msgid "history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:125
+msgid "jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:129
+msgid "disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:132
+msgid "kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:134
+msgid "let arg [arg ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:136
+msgid "read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:138
+msgid "return [n]"
+msgstr "return [n]"
+
+#: builtins.c:140
+msgid "set [-abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [--] [arg ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:142
+msgid "unset [-f] [-v] [name ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:144
+msgid "export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -p"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:146
+msgid "readonly [-aAf] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -p"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:148
+msgid "shift [n]"
+msgstr "shift [n]"
+
+#: builtins.c:150
+msgid "source filename [arguments]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:152
+msgid ". filename [arguments]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:155
+msgid "suspend [-f]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:158
+msgid "test [expr]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:160
+msgid "[ arg... ]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:162
+msgid "times"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:164
+msgid "trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:166
+msgid "type [-afptP] name [name ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:169
+msgid "ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:172
+msgid "umask [-p] [-S] [mode]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:175
+msgid "wait [id]"
+msgstr "wait [id]"
+
+#: builtins.c:179
+msgid "wait [pid]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:182
+msgid "for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:184
+msgid "for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; done"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:186
+msgid "select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:188
+msgid "time [-p] pipeline"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:190
+msgid "case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:192
+msgid "if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:194
+msgid "while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:196
+msgid "until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:200
+msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:202
+msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:204
+msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:206
+msgid "(( expression ))"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:208
+msgid "[[ expression ]]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:210
+msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:213
+msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:217
+msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:221
+msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
+msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
+
+#: builtins.c:224
+msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:226
+msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:229
+msgid "complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:233
+msgid "compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:237
+msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ...]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:240
+msgid "mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid "readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:254
+msgid ""
+"Define or display aliases.\n"
+" \n"
+" Without arguments, `alias' prints the list of aliases in the reusable\n"
+" form `alias NAME=VALUE' on standard output.\n"
+" \n"
+" Otherwise, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given.\n"
+" A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for\n"
+" alias substitution when the alias is expanded.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -p\tPrint all defined aliases in a reusable format\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has been\n"
+" defined."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:276
+msgid ""
+"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a\tremove all alias definitions.\n"
+" \n"
+" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:289
+msgid ""
+"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
+" \n"
+" Bind a key sequence to a Readline function or a macro, or set a\n"
+" Readline variable. The non-option argument syntax is equivalent to\n"
+" that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be passed as a single argument:\n"
+" e.g., bind '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -m keymap Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this\n"
+" command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs,\n"
+" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,\n"
+" vi-command, and vi-insert.\n"
+" -l List names of functions.\n"
+" -P List function names and bindings.\n"
+" -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be\n"
+" reused as input.\n"
+" -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their values\n"
+" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their values\n"
+" in a form that can be reused as input.\n"
+" -V List variable names and values\n"
+" -v List variable names and values in a form that can\n"
+" be reused as input.\n"
+" -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function.\n"
+" -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named function.\n"
+" -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ.\n"
+" -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME.\n"
+" -x keyseq:shell-command\tCause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when\n"
+" \t\t\t\tKEYSEQ is entered.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:326
+msgid ""
+"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit a FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, break N enclosing\n"
+" loops.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:338
+msgid ""
+"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
+" \n"
+" Resumes the next iteration of the enclosing FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop.\n"
+" If N is specified, resumes the Nth enclosing loop.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:350
+msgid ""
+"Execute shell builtins.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command\n"
+" lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin\n"
+" as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the function.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is\n"
+" not a shell builtin.."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:365
+msgid ""
+"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
+" \n"
+" Without EXPR, returns \"$line $filename\". With EXPR, returns\n"
+" \"$line $subroutine $filename\"; this extra information can be used to\n"
+" provide a stack trace.\n"
+" \n"
+" The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the\n"
+" current one; the top frame is frame 0.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR\n"
+" is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:383
+msgid ""
+"Change the shell working directory.\n"
+" \n"
+" Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the\n"
+" HOME shell variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing\n"
+" DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).\n"
+" A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR begins\n"
+" with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.\n"
+" \n"
+" If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,\n"
+" the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a value,\n"
+" its value is used for DIR.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -L\tforce symbolic links to be followed\n"
+" -P\tuse the physical directory structure without following symbolic\n"
+" \tlinks\n"
+" -e\tif the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory\n"
+" \tcannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status\n"
+" \n"
+" The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when\n"
+" -P is used; non-zero otherwise."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:414
+msgid ""
+"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -L\tprint the value of $PWD if it names the current working\n"
+" \tdirectory\n"
+" -P\tprint the physical directory, without any symbolic links\n"
+" \n"
+" By default, `pwd' behaves as if `-L' were specified.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory\n"
+" cannot be read."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:431
+msgid ""
+"Null command.\n"
+" \n"
+" No effect; the command does nothing.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Always succeeds."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:442
+msgid ""
+"Return a successful result.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Always succeeds."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:451
+msgid ""
+"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Always fails."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:460
+msgid ""
+"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
+" \n"
+" Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing shell function lookup, or display\n"
+" information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke commands\n"
+" on disk when a function with the same name exists.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -p\tuse a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of\n"
+" \tthe standard utilities\n"
+" -v\tprint a description of COMMAND similar to the `type' builtin\n"
+" -V\tprint a more verbose description of each COMMAND\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:479
+msgid ""
+"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
+" \n"
+" Declare variables and give them attributes. If no NAMEs are given,\n"
+" display the attributes and values of all variables.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -f\trestrict action or display to function names and definitions\n"
+" -F\trestrict display to function names only (plus line number and\n"
+" \tsource file when debugging)\n"
+" -g\tcreate global variables when used in a shell function; otherwise\n"
+" \tignored\n"
+" -p\tdisplay the attributes and value of each NAME\n"
+" \n"
+" Options which set attributes:\n"
+" -a\tto make NAMEs indexed arrays (if supported)\n"
+" -A\tto make NAMEs associative arrays (if supported)\n"
+" -i\tto make NAMEs have the `integer' attribute\n"
+" -l\tto convert NAMEs to lower case on assignment\n"
+" -r\tto make NAMEs readonly\n"
+" -t\tto make NAMEs have the `trace' attribute\n"
+" -u\tto convert NAMEs to upper case on assignment\n"
+" -x\tto make NAMEs export\n"
+" \n"
+" Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute.\n"
+" \n"
+" Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see\n"
+" the `let' command) performed when the variable is assigned a value.\n"
+" \n"
+" When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the `local'\n"
+" command. The `-g' option suppresses this behavior.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:517
+msgid ""
+"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
+" \n"
+" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:525
+msgid ""
+"Define local variables.\n"
+" \n"
+" Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. OPTION can\n"
+" be any option accepted by `declare'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Local variables can only be used within a function; they are visible\n"
+" only to the function where they are defined and its children.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, an error occurs,\n"
+" or the shell is not executing a function."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:542
+msgid ""
+"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
+" \n"
+" Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n\tdo not append a newline\n"
+" -e\tenable interpretation of the following backslash escapes\n"
+" -E\texplicitly suppress interpretation of backslash escapes\n"
+" \n"
+" `echo' interprets the following backslash-escaped characters:\n"
+" \\a\talert (bell)\n"
+" \\b\tbackspace\n"
+" \\c\tsuppress further output\n"
+" \\e\tescape character\n"
+" \\f\tform feed\n"
+" \\n\tnew line\n"
+" \\r\tcarriage return\n"
+" \\t\thorizontal tab\n"
+" \\v\tvertical tab\n"
+" \\\\\tbackslash\n"
+" \\0nnn\tthe character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal). NNN can be\n"
+" \t0 to 3 octal digits\n"
+" \\xHH\tthe eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal). HH\n"
+" \tcan be one or two hex digits\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:576
+msgid ""
+"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
+" \n"
+" Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n\tdo not append a newline\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:591
+msgid ""
+"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
+" \n"
+" Enables and disables builtin shell commands. Disabling allows you to\n"
+" execute a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin\n"
+" without using a full pathname.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a\tprint a list of builtins showing whether or not each is enabled\n"
+" -n\tdisable each NAME or display a list of disabled builtins\n"
+" -p\tprint the list of builtins in a reusable format\n"
+" -s\tprint only the names of Posix `special' builtins\n"
+" \n"
+" Options controlling dynamic loading:\n"
+" -f\tLoad builtin NAME from shared object FILENAME\n"
+" -d\tRemove a builtin loaded with -f\n"
+" \n"
+" Without options, each NAME is enabled.\n"
+" \n"
+" To use the `test' found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin\n"
+" version, type `enable -n test'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:619
+msgid ""
+"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
+" \n"
+" Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the shell,\n"
+" and execute the resulting commands.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:631
+msgid ""
+"Parse option arguments.\n"
+" \n"
+" Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters\n"
+" as options.\n"
+" \n"
+" OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter\n"
+" is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument,\n"
+" which should be separated from it by white space.\n"
+" \n"
+" Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the\n"
+" shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and\n"
+" the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell\n"
+" variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or\n"
+" a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument,\n"
+" getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG.\n"
+" \n"
+" getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character\n"
+" of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In\n"
+" this mode, no error messages are printed. If an invalid option is\n"
+" seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a\n"
+" required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and\n"
+" sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in\n"
+" silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places '?' into\n"
+" NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, a '?'\n"
+" is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is\n"
+" printed.\n"
+" \n"
+" If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the\n"
+" printing of error messages, even if the first character of\n"
+" OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default.\n"
+" \n"
+" Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if\n"
+" more arguments are given, they are parsed instead.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is\n"
+" encountered or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:673
+msgid ""
+"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.\n"
+" ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not specified,\n"
+" any redirections take effect in the current shell.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a name\tpass NAME as the zeroth argument to COMMAND\n"
+" -c\t\texecute COMMAND with an empty environment\n"
+" -l\t\tplace a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND\n"
+" \n"
+" If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, unless\n"
+" the shell option `execfail' is set.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:694
+msgid ""
+"Exit the shell.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status\n"
+" is that of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:703
+msgid ""
+"Exit a login shell.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not executed\n"
+" in a login shell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:713
+msgid ""
+"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
+" \n"
+" fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list.\n"
+" FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a\n"
+" string, which means the most recent command beginning with that\n"
+" string.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -e ENAME\tselect which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR,\n"
+" \t\tthen vi\n"
+" -l \tlist lines instead of editing\n"
+" -n\tomit line numbers when listing\n"
+" -r\treverse the order of the lines (newest listed first)\n"
+" \n"
+" With the `fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, COMMAND is\n"
+" re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed.\n"
+" \n"
+" A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing `r cc'\n"
+" runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes\n"
+" the last command.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:743
+msgid ""
+"Move job to the foreground.\n"
+" \n"
+" Place the job identified by JOB_SPEC in the foreground, making it the\n"
+" current job. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the\n"
+" current job is used.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:758
+msgid ""
+"Move jobs to the background.\n"
+" \n"
+" Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if they\n"
+" had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion\n"
+" of the current job is used.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:772
+msgid ""
+"Remember or display program locations.\n"
+" \n"
+" Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If\n"
+" no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -d\t\tforget the remembered location of each NAME\n"
+" -l\t\tdisplay in a format that may be reused as input\n"
+" -p pathname\tuse PATHNAME is the full pathname of NAME\n"
+" -r\t\tforget all remembered locations\n"
+" -t\t\tprint the remembered location of each NAME, preceding\n"
+" \t\teach location with the corresponding NAME if multiple\n"
+" \t\tNAMEs are given\n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" NAME\t\tEach NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list\n"
+" \t\tof remembered commands.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:797
+msgid ""
+"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
+" \n"
+" Displays brief summaries of builtin commands. If PATTERN is\n"
+" specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN,\n"
+" otherwise the list of help topics is printed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -d\toutput short description for each topic\n"
+" -m\tdisplay usage in pseudo-manpage format\n"
+" -s\toutput only a short usage synopsis for each topic matching\n"
+" \tPATTERN\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" PATTERN\tPattern specifiying a help topic\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:821
+msgid ""
+"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
+" \n"
+" Display the history list with line numbers, prefixing each modified\n"
+" entry with a `*'. An argument of N lists only the last N entries.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -c\tclear the history list by deleting all of the entries\n"
+" -d offset\tdelete the history entry at offset OFFSET.\n"
+" \n"
+" -a\tappend history lines from this session to the history file\n"
+" -n\tread all history lines not already read from the history file\n"
+" -r\tread the history file and append the contents to the history\n"
+" \tlist\n"
+" -w\twrite the current history to the history file\n"
+" \tand append them to the history list\n"
+" \n"
+" -p\tperform history expansion on each ARG and display the result\n"
+" \twithout storing it in the history list\n"
+" -s\tappend the ARGs to the history list as a single entry\n"
+" \n"
+" If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file. Otherwise,\n"
+" if $HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history.\n"
+" \n"
+" If the $HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used\n"
+" as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated\n"
+" with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed otherwise.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:857
+msgid ""
+"Display status of jobs.\n"
+" \n"
+" Lists the active jobs. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job.\n"
+" Without options, the status of all active jobs is displayed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -l\tlists process IDs in addition to the normal information\n"
+" -n\tlist only processes that have changed status since the last\n"
+" \tnotification\n"
+" -p\tlists process IDs only\n"
+" -r\trestrict output to running jobs\n"
+" -s\trestrict output to stopped jobs\n"
+" \n"
+" If -x is supplied, COMMAND is run after all job specifications that\n"
+" appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's\n"
+" process group leader.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.\n"
+" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:884
+msgid ""
+"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
+" \n"
+" Removes each JOBSPEC argument from the table of active jobs. Without\n"
+" any JOBSPECs, the shell uses its notion of the current job.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a\tremove all jobs if JOBSPEC is not supplied\n"
+" -h\tmark each JOBSPEC so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the\n"
+" \tshell receives a SIGHUP\n"
+" -r\tremove only running jobs\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:903
+msgid ""
+"Send a signal to a job.\n"
+" \n"
+" Send the processes identified by PID or JOBSPEC the signal named by\n"
+" SIGSPEC or SIGNUM. If neither SIGSPEC nor SIGNUM is present, then\n"
+" SIGTERM is assumed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -s sig\tSIG is a signal name\n"
+" -n sig\tSIG is a signal number\n"
+" -l\tlist the signal names; if arguments follow `-l' they are\n"
+" \tassumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed\n"
+" \n"
+" Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used\n"
+" instead of process IDs, and allows processes to be killed if the limit\n"
+" on processes that you can create is reached.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:926
+msgid ""
+"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
+" \n"
+" Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in\n"
+" fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0\n"
+" is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is\n"
+" grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed\n"
+" in order of decreasing precedence.\n"
+" \n"
+" \tid++, id--\tvariable post-increment, post-decrement\n"
+" \t++id, --id\tvariable pre-increment, pre-decrement\n"
+" \t-, +\t\tunary minus, plus\n"
+" \t!, ~\t\tlogical and bitwise negation\n"
+" \t**\t\texponentiation\n"
+" \t*, /, %\t\tmultiplication, division, remainder\n"
+" \t+, -\t\taddition, subtraction\n"
+" \t<<, >>\t\tleft and right bitwise shifts\n"
+" \t<=, >=, <, >\tcomparison\n"
+" \t==, !=\t\tequality, inequality\n"
+" \t&\t\tbitwise AND\n"
+" \t^\t\tbitwise XOR\n"
+" \t|\t\tbitwise OR\n"
+" \t&&\t\tlogical AND\n"
+" \t||\t\tlogical OR\n"
+" \texpr ? expr : expr\n"
+" \t\t\tconditional operator\n"
+" \t=, *=, /=, %=,\n"
+" \t+=, -=, <<=, >>=,\n"
+" \t&=, ^=, |=\tassignment\n"
+" \n"
+" Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable\n"
+" is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within\n"
+" an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute\n"
+" turned on to be used in an expression.\n"
+" \n"
+" Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in\n"
+" parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence\n"
+" rules above.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:971
+msgid ""
+"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
+" \n"
+" Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD\n"
+" if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with word\n"
+" splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second\n"
+" word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned to\n"
+" the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word\n"
+" delimiters.\n"
+" \n"
+" If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a array\tassign the words read to sequential indices of the array\n"
+" \t\tvariable ARRAY, starting at zero\n"
+" -d delim\tcontinue until the first character of DELIM is read, rather\n"
+" \t\tthan newline\n"
+" -e\t\tuse Readline to obtain the line in an interactive shell\n"
+" -i text\tUse TEXT as the initial text for Readline\n"
+" -n nchars\treturn after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting\n"
+" \t\tfor a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than NCHARS\n"
+" \t\tcharacters are read before the delimiter\n"
+" -N nchars\treturn only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, unless\n"
+" \t\tEOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any delimiter\n"
+" -p prompt\toutput the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before\n"
+" \t\tattempting to read\n"
+" -r\t\tdo not allow backslashes to escape any characters\n"
+" -s\t\tdo not echo input coming from a terminal\n"
+" -t timeout\ttime out and return failure if a complete line of input is\n"
+" \t\tnot read withint TIMEOUT seconds. The value of the TMOUT\n"
+" \t\tvariable is the default timeout. TIMEOUT may be a\n"
+" \t\tfractional number. If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns success only\n"
+" \t\tif input is available on the specified file descriptor. The\n"
+" \t\texit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded\n"
+" -u fd\t\tread from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out,\n"
+" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1014
+msgid ""
+"Return from a shell function.\n"
+" \n"
+" Causes a function or sourced script to exit with the return value\n"
+" specified by N. If N is omitted, the return status is that of the\n"
+" last command executed within the function or script.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1027
+msgid ""
+"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
+" \n"
+" Change the value of shell attributes and positional parameters, or\n"
+" display the names and values of shell variables.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a Mark variables which are modified or created for export.\n"
+" -b Notify of job termination immediately.\n"
+" -e Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status.\n"
+" -f Disable file name generation (globbing).\n"
+" -h Remember the location of commands as they are looked up.\n"
+" -k All assignment arguments are placed in the environment for a\n"
+" command, not just those that precede the command name.\n"
+" -m Job control is enabled.\n"
+" -n Read commands but do not execute them.\n"
+" -o option-name\n"
+" Set the variable corresponding to option-name:\n"
+" allexport same as -a\n"
+" braceexpand same as -B\n"
+" emacs use an emacs-style line editing interface\n"
+" errexit same as -e\n"
+" errtrace same as -E\n"
+" functrace same as -T\n"
+" hashall same as -h\n"
+" histexpand same as -H\n"
+" history enable command history\n"
+" ignoreeof the shell will not exit upon reading EOF\n"
+" interactive-comments\n"
+" allow comments to appear in interactive commands\n"
+" keyword same as -k\n"
+" monitor same as -m\n"
+" noclobber same as -C\n"
+" noexec same as -n\n"
+" noglob same as -f\n"
+" nolog currently accepted but ignored\n"
+" notify same as -b\n"
+" nounset same as -u\n"
+" onecmd same as -t\n"
+" physical same as -P\n"
+" pipefail the return value of a pipeline is the status of\n"
+" the last command to exit with a non-zero status,\n"
+" or zero if no command exited with a non-zero status\n"
+" posix change the behavior of bash where the default\n"
+" operation differs from the Posix standard to\n"
+" match the standard\n"
+" privileged same as -p\n"
+" verbose same as -v\n"
+" vi use a vi-style line editing interface\n"
+" xtrace same as -x\n"
+" -p Turned on whenever the real and effective user ids do not match.\n"
+" Disables processing of the $ENV file and importing of shell\n"
+" functions. Turning this option off causes the effective uid and\n"
+" gid to be set to the real uid and gid.\n"
+" -t Exit after reading and executing one command.\n"
+" -u Treat unset variables as an error when substituting.\n"
+" -v Print shell input lines as they are read.\n"
+" -x Print commands and their arguments as they are executed.\n"
+" -B the shell will perform brace expansion\n"
+" -C If set, disallow existing regular files to be overwritten\n"
+" by redirection of output.\n"
+" -E If set, the ERR trap is inherited by shell functions.\n"
+" -H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on\n"
+" by default when the shell is interactive.\n"
+" -P If set, do not follow symbolic links when executing commands\n"
+" such as cd which change the current directory.\n"
+" -T If set, the DEBUG trap is inherited by shell functions.\n"
+" -- Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.\n"
+" If there are no remaining arguments, the positional parameters\n"
+" are unset.\n"
+" - Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.\n"
+" The -x and -v options are turned off.\n"
+" \n"
+" Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The\n"
+" flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current\n"
+" set of flags may be found in $-. The remaining n ARGs are positional\n"
+" parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, .. $n. If no\n"
+" ARGs are given, all shell variables are printed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1112
+msgid ""
+"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
+" \n"
+" For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -f\ttreat each NAME as a shell function\n"
+" -v\ttreat each NAME as a shell variable\n"
+" \n"
+" Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that fails,\n"
+" tries to unset a function.\n"
+" \n"
+" Some variables cannot be unset; also see `readonly'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1132
+msgid ""
+"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
+" \n"
+" Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently\n"
+" executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before exporting.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -f\trefer to shell functions\n"
+" -n\tremove the export property from each NAME\n"
+" -p\tdisplay a list of all exported variables and functions\n"
+" \n"
+" An argument of `--' disables further option processing.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1151
+msgid ""
+"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
+" \n"
+" Mark each NAME as read-only; the values of these NAMEs may not be\n"
+" changed by subsequent assignment. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE\n"
+" before marking as read-only.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a\trefer to indexed array variables\n"
+" -A\trefer to associative array variables\n"
+" -f\trefer to shell functions\n"
+" -p\tdisplay a list of all readonly variables and functions\n"
+" \n"
+" An argument of `--' disables further option processing.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1172
+msgid ""
+"Shift positional parameters.\n"
+" \n"
+" Rename the positional parameters $N+1,$N+2 ... to $1,$2 ... If N is\n"
+" not given, it is assumed to be 1.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1184 builtins.c:1199
+msgid ""
+"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
+" \n"
+" Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. The\n"
+" entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME.\n"
+" If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters\n"
+" when FILENAME is executed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if\n"
+" FILENAME cannot be read."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1215
+msgid ""
+"Suspend shell execution.\n"
+" \n"
+" Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal.\n"
+" Unless forced, login shells cannot be suspended.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -f\tforce the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1231
+msgid ""
+"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exits with a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on\n"
+" the evaluation of EXPR. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary\n"
+" expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There\n"
+" are string operators and numeric comparison operators as well.\n"
+" \n"
+" The behavior of test depends on the number of arguments. Read the\n"
+" bash manual page for the complete specification.\n"
+" \n"
+" File operators:\n"
+" \n"
+" -a FILE True if file exists.\n"
+" -b FILE True if file is block special.\n"
+" -c FILE True if file is character special.\n"
+" -d FILE True if file is a directory.\n"
+" -e FILE True if file exists.\n"
+" -f FILE True if file exists and is a regular file.\n"
+" -g FILE True if file is set-group-id.\n"
+" -h FILE True if file is a symbolic link.\n"
+" -L FILE True if file is a symbolic link.\n"
+" -k FILE True if file has its `sticky' bit set.\n"
+" -p FILE True if file is a named pipe.\n"
+" -r FILE True if file is readable by you.\n"
+" -s FILE True if file exists and is not empty.\n"
+" -S FILE True if file is a socket.\n"
+" -t FD True if FD is opened on a terminal.\n"
+" -u FILE True if the file is set-user-id.\n"
+" -w FILE True if the file is writable by you.\n"
+" -x FILE True if the file is executable by you.\n"
+" -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you.\n"
+" -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group.\n"
+" -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last read.\n"
+" \n"
+" FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to\n"
+" modification date).\n"
+" \n"
+" FILE1 -ot FILE2 True if file1 is older than file2.\n"
+" \n"
+" FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 is a hard link to file2.\n"
+" \n"
+" String operators:\n"
+" \n"
+" -z STRING True if string is empty.\n"
+" \n"
+" -n STRING\n"
+" STRING True if string is not empty.\n"
+" \n"
+" STRING1 = STRING2\n"
+" True if the strings are equal.\n"
+" STRING1 != STRING2\n"
+" True if the strings are not equal.\n"
+" STRING1 < STRING2\n"
+" True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 lexicographically.\n"
+" STRING1 > STRING2\n"
+" True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically.\n"
+" \n"
+" Other operators:\n"
+" \n"
+" -o OPTION True if the shell option OPTION is enabled.\n"
+" -v VAR\t True if the shell variable VAR is set\n"
+" ! EXPR True if expr is false.\n"
+" EXPR1 -a EXPR2 True if both expr1 AND expr2 are true.\n"
+" EXPR1 -o EXPR2 True if either expr1 OR expr2 is true.\n"
+" \n"
+" arg1 OP arg2 Arithmetic tests. OP is one of -eq, -ne,\n"
+" -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal,\n"
+" less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal\n"
+" than ARG2.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to\n"
+" false or an invalid argument is given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1311
+msgid ""
+"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
+" \n"
+" This is a synonym for the \"test\" builtin, but the last argument must\n"
+" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1320
+msgid ""
+"Display process times.\n"
+" \n"
+" Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of its\n"
+" child processes.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Always succeeds."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1332
+msgid ""
+"Trap signals and other events.\n"
+" \n"
+" Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals\n"
+" or other conditions.\n"
+" \n"
+" ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the\n"
+" signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" is supplied) or `-', each specified signal is reset to its original\n"
+" value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the\n"
+" shell and by the commands it invokes.\n"
+" \n"
+" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. If\n"
+" a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command. If\n"
+" a SIGNAL_SPEC is RETURN, ARG is executed each time a shell function or a\n"
+" script run by the . or source builtins finishes executing. A SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" of ERR means to execute ARG each time a command's failure would cause the\n"
+" shell to exit when the -e option is enabled.\n"
+" \n"
+" If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands associated\n"
+" with each signal.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -l\tprint a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers\n"
+" -p\tdisplay the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" \n"
+" Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h> or a signal number.\n"
+" Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A\n"
+" signal may be sent to the shell with \"kill -signal $$\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1368
+msgid ""
+"Display information about command type.\n"
+" \n"
+" For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a\n"
+" command name.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a\tdisplay all locations containing an executable named NAME;\n"
+" \tincludes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if\n"
+" \tthe `-p' option is not also used\n"
+" -f\tsuppress shell function lookup\n"
+" -P\tforce a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias,\n"
+" \tbuiltin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file\n"
+" \tthat would be executed\n"
+" -p\treturns either the name of the disk file that would be executed,\n"
+" \tor nothing if `type -t NAME' would not return `file'.\n"
+" -t\toutput a single word which is one of `alias', `keyword',\n"
+" \t`function', `builtin', `file' or `', if NAME is an alias, shell\n"
+" \treserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or not\n"
+" \tfound, respectively\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" NAME\tCommand name to be interpreted.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1399
+msgid ""
+"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
+" \n"
+" Provides control over the resources available to the shell and processes\n"
+" it creates, on systems that allow such control.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -S\tuse the `soft' resource limit\n"
+" -H\tuse the `hard' resource limit\n"
+" -a\tall current limits are reported\n"
+" -b\tthe socket buffer size\n"
+" -c\tthe maximum size of core files created\n"
+" -d\tthe maximum size of a process's data segment\n"
+" -e\tthe maximum scheduling priority (`nice')\n"
+" -f\tthe maximum size of files written by the shell and its children\n"
+" -i\tthe maximum number of pending signals\n"
+" -l\tthe maximum size a process may lock into memory\n"
+" -m\tthe maximum resident set size\n"
+" -n\tthe maximum number of open file descriptors\n"
+" -p\tthe pipe buffer size\n"
+" -q\tthe maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues\n"
+" -r\tthe maximum real-time scheduling priority\n"
+" -s\tthe maximum stack size\n"
+" -t\tthe maximum amount of cpu time in seconds\n"
+" -u\tthe maximum number of user processes\n"
+" -v\tthe size of virtual memory\n"
+" -x\tthe maximum number of file locks\n"
+" \n"
+" If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; the\n"
+" special LIMIT values `soft', `hard', and `unlimited' stand for the\n"
+" current soft limit, the current hard limit, and no limit, respectively.\n"
+" Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If\n"
+" no option is given, then -f is assumed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds,\n"
+" -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled\n"
+" number of processes.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1444
+msgid ""
+"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
+" \n"
+" Sets the user file-creation mask to MODE. If MODE is omitted, prints\n"
+" the current value of the mask.\n"
+" \n"
+" If MODE begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number;\n"
+" otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1).\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -p\tif MODE is omitted, output in a form that may be reused as input\n"
+" -S\tmakes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1464
+msgid ""
+"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
+" \n"
+" Waits for the process identified by ID, which may be a process ID or a\n"
+" job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not\n"
+" given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return\n"
+" status is zero. If ID is a a job specification, waits for all processes\n"
+" in the job's pipeline.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is\n"
+" given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1482
+msgid ""
+"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
+" \n"
+" Waits for the specified process and reports its termination status. If\n"
+" PID is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for,\n"
+" and the return code is zero. PID must be a process ID.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is\n"
+" given."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1497
+msgid ""
+"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
+" \n"
+" The `for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a\n"
+" list of items. If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in \"$@\"' is\n"
+" assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and\n"
+" the COMMANDS are executed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1511
+msgid ""
+"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
+" \n"
+" Equivalent to\n"
+" \t(( EXP1 ))\n"
+" \twhile (( EXP2 )); do\n"
+" \t\tCOMMANDS\n"
+" \t\t(( EXP3 ))\n"
+" \tdone\n"
+" EXP1, EXP2, and EXP3 are arithmetic expressions. If any expression is\n"
+" omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1529
+msgid ""
+"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
+" \n"
+" The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The\n"
+" set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each\n"
+" preceded by a number. If `in WORDS' is not present, `in \"$@\"'\n"
+" is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read\n"
+" from the standard input. If the line consists of the number\n"
+" corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set\n"
+" to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are\n"
+" redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other\n"
+" value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved\n"
+" in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection\n"
+" until a break command is executed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1550
+msgid ""
+"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time,\n"
+" and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -p\tprint the timing summary in the portable Posix format\n"
+" \n"
+" The value of the TIMEFORMAT variable is used as the output format.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1567
+msgid ""
+"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
+" \n"
+" Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The\n"
+" `|' is used to separate multiple patterns.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1579
+msgid ""
+"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
+" \n"
+" The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then the\n"
+" `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list is\n"
+" executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding\n"
+" `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. Otherwise,\n"
+" the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of the\n"
+" entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero\n"
+" if no condition tested true.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1596
+msgid ""
+"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
+" \n"
+" Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the\n"
+" `while' COMMANDS has an exit status of zero.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1608
+msgid ""
+"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the\n"
+" `until' COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1620
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1634
+msgid ""
+"Define shell function.\n"
+" \n"
+" Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command,\n"
+" NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is invoked,\n"
+" the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's\n"
+" name is in $FUNCNAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1648
+msgid ""
+"Group commands as a unit.\n"
+" \n"
+" Run a set of commands in a group. This is one way to redirect an\n"
+" entire set of commands.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1660
+msgid ""
+"Resume job in foreground.\n"
+" \n"
+" Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the `fg' command. Resume a\n"
+" stopped or background job. JOB_SPEC can specify either a job name\n"
+" or a job number. Following JOB_SPEC with a `&' places the job in\n"
+" the background, as if the job specification had been supplied as an\n"
+" argument to `bg'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the resumed job."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1675
+msgid ""
+"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
+" \n"
+" The EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules for arithmetic\n"
+" evaluation. Equivalent to \"let EXPRESSION\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1687
+msgid ""
+"Execute conditional command.\n"
+" \n"
+" Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional\n"
+" expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries used\n"
+" by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following operators:\n"
+" \n"
+" ( EXPRESSION )\tReturns the value of EXPRESSION\n"
+" ! EXPRESSION\t\tTrue if EXPRESSION is false; else false\n"
+" EXPR1 && EXPR2\tTrue if both EXPR1 and EXPR2 are true; else false\n"
+" EXPR1 || EXPR2\tTrue if either EXPR1 or EXPR2 is true; else false\n"
+" \n"
+" When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right of\n"
+" the operator is used as a pattern and pattern matching is performed.\n"
+" When the `=~' operator is used, the string to the right of the operator\n"
+" is matched as a regular expression.\n"
+" \n"
+" The && and || operators do not evaluate EXPR2 if EXPR1 is sufficient to\n"
+" determine the expression's value.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1713
+msgid ""
+"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
+" \n"
+" BASH_VERSION\tVersion information for this Bash.\n"
+" CDPATH\tA colon-separated list of directories to search\n"
+" \t\tfor directories given as arguments to `cd'.\n"
+" GLOBIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns describing filenames to\n"
+" \t\tbe ignored by pathname expansion.\n"
+" HISTFILE\tThe name of the file where your command history is stored.\n"
+" HISTFILESIZE\tThe maximum number of lines this file can contain.\n"
+" HISTSIZE\tThe maximum number of history lines that a running\n"
+" \t\tshell can access.\n"
+" HOME\tThe complete pathname to your login directory.\n"
+" HOSTNAME\tThe name of the current host.\n"
+" HOSTTYPE\tThe type of CPU this version of Bash is running under.\n"
+" IGNOREEOF\tControls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF\n"
+" \t\tcharacter as the sole input. If set, then the value\n"
+" \t\tof it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen\n"
+" \t\tin a row on an empty line before the shell will exit\n"
+" \t\t(default 10). When unset, EOF signifies the end of input.\n"
+" MACHTYPE\tA string describing the current system Bash is running on.\n"
+" MAILCHECK\tHow often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail.\n"
+" MAILPATH\tA colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks\n"
+" \t\tfor new mail.\n"
+" OSTYPE\tThe version of Unix this version of Bash is running on.\n"
+" PATH\tA colon-separated list of directories to search when\n"
+" \t\tlooking for commands.\n"
+" PROMPT_COMMAND\tA command to be executed before the printing of each\n"
+" \t\tprimary prompt.\n"
+" PS1\t\tThe primary prompt string.\n"
+" PS2\t\tThe secondary prompt string.\n"
+" PWD\t\tThe full pathname of the current directory.\n"
+" SHELLOPTS\tA colon-separated list of enabled shell options.\n"
+" TERM\tThe name of the current terminal type.\n"
+" TIMEFORMAT\tThe output format for timing statistics displayed by the\n"
+" \t\t`time' reserved word.\n"
+" auto_resume\tNon-null means a command word appearing on a line by\n"
+" \t\titself is first looked for in the list of currently\n"
+" \t\tstopped jobs. If found there, that job is foregrounded.\n"
+" \t\tA value of `exact' means that the command word must\n"
+" \t\texactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs. A\n"
+" \t\tvalue of `substring' means that the command word must\n"
+" \t\tmatch a substring of the job. Any other value means that\n"
+" \t\tthe command must be a prefix of a stopped job.\n"
+" histchars\tCharacters controlling history expansion and quick\n"
+" \t\tsubstitution. The first character is the history\n"
+" \t\tsubstitution character, usually `!'. The second is\n"
+" \t\tthe `quick substitution' character, usually `^'. The\n"
+" \t\tthird is the `history comment' character, usually `#'.\n"
+" HISTIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which\n"
+" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1770
+msgid ""
+"Add directories to stack.\n"
+" \n"
+" Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\n"
+" the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working\n"
+" directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when adding\n"
+" \tdirectories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" +N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n"
+" \tfrom the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with\n"
+" \tzero) is at the top.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n"
+" \tfrom the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with\n"
+" \tzero) is at the top.\n"
+" \n"
+" dir\tAdds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the\n"
+" \tnew current working directory.\n"
+" \n"
+" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
+" change fails."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1804
+msgid ""
+"Remove directories from stack.\n"
+" \n"
+" Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes\n"
+" the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when removing\n"
+" \tdirectories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" +N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the left of the list\n"
+" \tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0'\n"
+" \tremoves the first directory, `popd +1' the second.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the right of the list\n"
+" \tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0'\n"
+" \tremoves the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last.\n"
+" \n"
+" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
+" change fails."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1834
+msgid ""
+"Display directory stack.\n"
+" \n"
+" Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories\n"
+" find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get\n"
+" back up through the list with the `popd' command.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -c\tclear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements\n"
+" -l\tdo not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative\n"
+" \tto your home directory\n"
+" -p\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line\n"
+" -v\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed\n"
+" \twith its position in the stack\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by\n"
+" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by\n"
+" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1863
+msgid ""
+"Set and unset shell options.\n"
+" \n"
+" Change the setting of each shell option OPTNAME. Without any option\n"
+" arguments, list all shell options with an indication of whether or not each\n"
+" is set.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -o\trestrict OPTNAMEs to those defined for use with `set -o'\n"
+" -p\tprint each shell option with an indication of its status\n"
+" -q\tsuppress output\n"
+" -s\tenable (set) each OPTNAME\n"
+" -u\tdisable (unset) each OPTNAME\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is\n"
+" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1884
+msgid ""
+"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -v var\tassign the output to shell variable VAR rather than\n"
+" \t\tdisplay it on the standard output\n"
+" \n"
+" FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain\n"
+" characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character escape\n"
+" sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output; and\n"
+" format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive\n"
+" argument.\n"
+" \n"
+" In addition to the standard format specifications described in printf(1)\n"
+" and printf(3), printf interprets:\n"
+" \n"
+" %b\texpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument\n"
+" %q\tquote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input\n"
+" %(fmt)T output the date-time string resulting from using FMT as a format\n"
+" string for strftime(3)\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or assignment\n"
+" error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1913
+msgid ""
+"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
+" \n"
+" For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no options\n"
+" are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that\n"
+" allows them to be reused as input.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -p\tprint existing completion specifications in a reusable format\n"
+" -r\tremove a completion specification for each NAME, or, if no\n"
+" \tNAMEs are supplied, all completion specifications\n"
+" -D\tapply the completions and actions as the default for commands\n"
+" \twithout any specific completion defined\n"
+" -E\tapply the completions and actions to \"empty\" commands --\n"
+" \tcompletion attempted on a blank line\n"
+" \n"
+" When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the\n"
+" uppercase-letter options are listed above. The -D option takes\n"
+" precedence over -E.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1941
+msgid ""
+"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
+" \n"
+" Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible\n"
+" completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches against\n"
+" WORD are generated.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1956
+msgid ""
+"Modify or display completion options.\n"
+" \n"
+" Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied,\n"
+" the completion currently being executed. If no OPTIONs are given, print\n"
+" the completion options for each NAME or the current completion specification.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" \t-o option\tSet completion option OPTION for each NAME\n"
+" \t-D\t\tChange options for the \"default\" command completion\n"
+" \t-E\t\tChange options for the \"empty\" command completion\n"
+" \n"
+" Using `+o' instead of `-o' turns off the specified option.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" \n"
+" Each NAME refers to a command for which a completion specification must\n"
+" have previously been defined using the `complete' builtin. If no NAMEs\n"
+" are supplied, compopt must be called by a function currently generating\n"
+" completions, and the options for that currently-executing completion\n"
+" generator are modified.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not\n"
+" have a completion specification defined."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:1986
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or\n"
+" from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable MAPFILE\n"
+" is the default ARRAY.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n count\tCopy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are copied.\n"
+" -O origin\tBegin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default index is 0.\n"
+" -s count \tDiscard the first COUNT lines read.\n"
+" -t\t\tRemove a trailing newline from each line read.\n"
+" -u fd\t\tRead lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input.\n"
+" -C callback\tEvaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read.\n"
+" -c quantum\tSpecify the number of lines read between each call to CALLBACK.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
+" \n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element\n"
+" as additional arguments.\n"
+" \n"
+" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY before\n"
+" assigning to it.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly or\n"
+" not an indexed array."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins.c:2020
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
