- load_history: use HISTSIZE_DEFAULT (still defaults to "500") to set
the initial value of $HISTSIZE. HISTSIZE_DEFAULT can be overridden
in config-top.h
+
+ 6/4
+ ---
+configure.ac
+ - make sure we link against an external readline library that's at
+ least version 8
+
+ 6/8
+ ---
+pcomplete.h
+ - INITIALWORD: internal compspec name for programmable completion on
+ the initial (usually the command) word
+
+bashline.c
+ - attempt_shell_completion: if we are in a command position and the
+ user has defined a compspec for INITIALWORD, use programmable
+ completion to complete command words. Original patch from
+ Luca Boccassi <bluca@debian.org>
+
+lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi,builtins/complete.def,doc/bash.1
+ - make it clearer that -D takes precedence over -E when supplied as
+ options to `complete', not when they are applied during completion
+
+builtins/complete.def
+ - complete_builtin,compgen_builtin: add support for -I option
+ - print_one_completion,print_compopts: display -I when appropriate
+
+lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi,doc/bash.1
+ - complete,compgen: document new -I option and its effect
+
+ 6/10
+ ----
+lib/readline/histfile.c
+ - read_history_range: don't apply the heuristic and try to append a
+ history line to an existing history entry if we don't have any
+ history entries. Bug and fix from Edward Huff <ejhuff@gmail.com>
char **matches, *command_separator_chars;
#if defined (PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION)
int have_progcomps, was_assignment;
+ COMPSPEC *iw_compspec;
#endif
command_separator_chars = COMMAND_SEPARATORS;
#if defined (PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION)
/* Attempt programmable completion. */
have_progcomps = prog_completion_enabled && (progcomp_size () > 0);
- if (matches == 0 && (in_command_position == 0 || text[0] == '\0') &&
+ iw_compspec = progcomp_search (INITIALWORD);
+ if (matches == 0 &&
+ (in_command_position == 0 || text[0] == '\0' || (in_command_position && iw_compspec)) &&
current_prompt_string == ps1_prompt)
{
int s, e, s1, e1, os, foundcs;
}
else
foundcs = 0;
+
+ /* If we have defined a compspec for the initial (command) word, call
+ it and process the results like any other programmable completion. */
+ if (in_command_position && foundcs == 0 && iw_compspec)
+ prog_complete_matches = programmable_completions (INITIALWORD, text, s, e, &foundcs);
+
FREE (n);
/* XXX - if we found a COMPSPEC for the command, just return whatever
the programmable completion code returns, and disable the default
/* braces.c -- code for doing word expansion in curly braces. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
len1 = strvec_len (arr1);
len2 = strvec_len (arr2);
- result = (char **)xmalloc ((1 + (len1 * len2)) * sizeof (char *));
+ result = (char **)malloc ((1 + (len1 * len2)) * sizeof (char *));
+ if (result == 0)
+ return (result);
len = 0;
for (i = 0; i < len1; i++)
$BUILTIN complete
$DEPENDS_ON PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION
$FUNCTION complete_builtin
-$SHORT_DOC complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]
+$SHORT_DOC complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DEI] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]
Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.
For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no options
without any specific completion defined
-E apply the completions and actions to "empty" commands --
completion attempted on a blank line
+ -I apply the completions and actions to the intial (usually the
+ command) word
When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the
-uppercase-letter options are listed above. The -D option takes
-precedence over -E.
+uppercase-letter options are listed above. If multiple options are supplied,
+the -D option takes precedence over -E, and both take precedence over -I.
Exit Status:
Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs.
int rflag;
int Dflag;
int Eflag;
+ int Iflag;
};
static int find_compact __P((char *));
opt_given = 0;
reset_internal_getopt ();
- while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "abcdefgjko:prsuvA:G:W:P:S:X:F:C:DE")) != -1)
+ while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "abcdefgjko:prsuvA:G:W:P:S:X:F:C:DEI")) != -1)
{
opt_given = 1;
switch (opt)
builtin_usage ();
return (EX_USAGE);
}
+ case 'I':
+ if (flagp)
+ {
+ flagp->Iflag = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ sh_invalidopt ("-I");
+ builtin_usage ();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
case 'F':
Farg = list_optarg;
break;
return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
}
- opt_given = oflags.pflag = oflags.rflag = oflags.Dflag = oflags.Eflag = 0;
+ opt_given = oflags.pflag = oflags.rflag = 0;
+ oflags.Dflag = oflags.Eflag = oflags.Iflag = 0;
acts = copts = (unsigned long)0L;
Garg = Warg = Parg = Sarg = Xarg = Farg = Carg = (char *)NULL;
list = loptend;
- wl = oflags.Dflag ? make_word_list (make_bare_word (DEFAULTCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL)
- : (oflags.Eflag ? make_word_list (make_bare_word (EMPTYCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL) : 0);
+ if (oflags.Dflag)
+ wl = make_word_list (make_bare_word (DEFAULTCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ else if (oflags.Eflag)
+ wl = make_word_list (make_bare_word (EMPTYCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ else if (oflags.Iflag)
+ wl = make_word_list (make_bare_word (INITIALWORD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ else
+ wl = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
/* -p overrides everything else */
if (oflags.pflag || (list == 0 && opt_given == 0))
/* simple arguments that don't require quoting */
PRINTARG (cs->funcname, "-F");
- if (STREQ (cmd, EMPTYCMD))
- printf ("-E\n");
- else if (STREQ (cmd, DEFAULTCMD))
+ if (STREQ (cmd, DEFAULTCMD))
printf ("-D\n");
+ else if (STREQ (cmd, EMPTYCMD))
+ printf ("-E\n");
+ else if (STREQ (cmd, INITIALWORD))
+ printf ("-I\n");
else
printf ("%s\n", cmd);
PRINTCOMPOPT (COPT_PLUSDIRS, "plusdirs");
}
- if (STREQ (cmd, EMPTYCMD))
- printf ("-E\n");
- else if (STREQ (cmd, DEFAULTCMD))
+ if (STREQ (cmd, DEFAULTCMD))
printf ("-D\n");
+ else if (STREQ (cmd, EMPTYCMD))
+ printf ("-E\n");
+ else if (STREQ (cmd, INITIALWORD))
+ printf ("-I\n");
else
printf ("%s\n", cmd);
}
$BUILTIN compopt
$DEPENDS_ON PROGRAMMABLE_COMPLETION
$FUNCTION compopt_builtin
-$SHORT_DOC compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ...]
+$SHORT_DOC compopt [-o|+o option] [-DEI] [name ...]
Modify or display completion options.
Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied,
-o option Set completion option OPTION for each NAME
-D Change options for the "default" command completion
-E Change options for the "empty" command completion
+ -I Change options for completion on the initial word
Using `+o' instead of `-o' turns off the specified option.
compopt_builtin (list)
WORD_LIST *list;
{
- int opts_on, opts_off, *opts, opt, oind, ret, Dflag, Eflag;
+ int opts_on, opts_off, *opts, opt, oind, ret, Dflag, Eflag, Iflag;
WORD_LIST *l, *wl;
COMPSPEC *cs;
ret = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
reset_internal_getopt ();
- while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "+o:DE")) != -1)
+ while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "+o:DEI")) != -1)
{
opts = (list_opttype == '-') ? &opts_on : &opts_off;
case 'E':
Eflag = 1;
break;
+ case 'I':
+ Iflag = 1;
+ break;
CASE_HELPOPT;
default:
builtin_usage ();
}
list = loptend;
- wl = Dflag ? make_word_list (make_bare_word (DEFAULTCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL)
- : (Eflag ? make_word_list (make_bare_word (EMPTYCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL) : 0);
+ if (Dflag)
+ wl = make_word_list (make_bare_word (DEFAULTCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ else if (Eflag)
+ wl = make_word_list (make_bare_word (EMPTYCMD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ else if (Iflag)
+ wl = make_word_list (make_bare_word (INITIALWORD), (WORD_LIST *)NULL);
+ else
+ wl = (WORD_LIST *)NULL;
if (list == 0 && wl == 0)
{
case "$ac_cv_rl_version" in
- 7*|8*|9*) ;;
+ 8*|9*) ;;
*) opt_with_installed_readline=no
{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: WARNING: installed readline library is too old to be linked with bash" >&5
$as_echo "$as_me: WARNING: installed readline library is too old to be linked with bash" >&2;}
RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION
case "$ac_cv_rl_version" in
- 7*|8*|9*) ;;
+ 8*|9*) ;;
*) opt_with_installed_readline=no
AC_MSG_WARN([installed readline library is too old to be linked with bash])
AC_MSG_WARN([using private bash version])
is the first character of the value of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. If I\bIF\bFS\bS
is unset, the parameters are separated by spaces. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is
null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators.
- @\b@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
+ @\b@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. In
+ contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each
+ positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double
+ quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts
+ where word splitting is not performed, this expands to a single
+ word with each positional parameter separated by a space. When
the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter
expands to a separate word. That is, "$\b$@\b@" is equivalent to "$\b$1\b1"
- "$\b$2\b2" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word,
- the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin-
- ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last
- parameter is joined with the last part of the original word.
- When there are no positional parameters, "$\b$@\b@" and $\b$@\b@ expand to
+ "$\b$2\b2" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word,
+ the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin-
+ ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last
+ parameter is joined with the last part of the original word.
+ When there are no positional parameters, "$\b$@\b@" and $\b$@\b@ expand to
nothing (i.e., they are removed).
#\b# Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
- ?\b? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore-
+ ?\b? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore-
ground pipeline.
- -\b- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca-
- tion, by the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, or those set by the shell
+ -\b- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca-
+ tion, by the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, or those set by the shell
itself (such as the -\b-i\bi option).
- $\b$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it
- expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub-
+ $\b$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it
+ expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub-
shell.
- !\b! Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into
- the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or
+ !\b! Expands to the process ID of the job most recently placed into
+ the background, whether executed as an asynchronous command or
using the b\bbg\bg builtin (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below).
- 0\b0 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set
+ 0\b0 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set
at shell initialization. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with a file of com-
- mands, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of that file. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started
- with the -\b-c\bc option, then $\b$0\b0 is set to the first argument after
- the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is
- set to the filename used to invoke b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, as given by argument
+ mands, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of that file. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started
+ with the -\b-c\bc option, then $\b$0\b0 is set to the first argument after
+ the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is
+ set to the filename used to invoke b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, as given by argument
zero.
- _\b_ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke
- the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi-
- ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last
- argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to
- the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and
+ _\b_ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke
+ the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi-
+ ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last
+ argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to
+ the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and
placed in the environment exported to that command. When check-
- ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur-
+ ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur-
rently being checked.
S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
The following variables are set by the shell:
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
- the list is a valid argument for the -\b-s\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+ the list is a valid argument for the -\b-s\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The options
- appearing in B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt. If
- this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
- shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
+ appearing in B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt. If
+ this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
+ shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
startup files. This variable is read-only.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD
- Expands to the process ID of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh process. This
- differs from $\b$$\b$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells
- that do not require b\bba\bas\bsh\bh to be re-initialized. Assignments to
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD have no effect. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD is unset, it loses its spe-
+ Expands to the process ID of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh process. This
+ differs from $\b$$\b$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells
+ that do not require b\bba\bas\bsh\bh to be re-initialized. Assignments to
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD have no effect. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD is unset, it loses its spe-
cial properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
- An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
- internal list of aliases as maintained by the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin.
- Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however,
- unsetting array elements currently does not cause aliases to be
+ An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
+ internal list of aliases as maintained by the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin.
+ Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; however,
+ unsetting array elements currently does not cause aliases to be
removed from the alias list. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS is unset, it loses
its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC
- An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in
+ An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in
each frame of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh execution call stack. The number
- of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or
- script executed with .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) is at the top of the stack.
- When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed
+ of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or
+ script executed with .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) is at the top of the stack.
+ When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed
is pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC. The shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC only when in
- extended debugging mode (see the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below). Setting e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg after the
+ extended debugging mode (see the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
+ option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below). Setting e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg after the
shell has started to execute a script may result in inconsistent
values.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV
- An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur-
+ An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur-
rent b\bba\bas\bsh\bh execution call stack. The final parameter of the last
- subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter
+ subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter
of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is exe-
- cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV. The
- shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV only when in extended debugging mode (see
- the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
+ cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV. The
+ shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV only when in extended debugging mode (see
+ the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
below). Setting e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg after the shell has started to execute
a script may result in inconsistent values.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0
- When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell
+ When referenced, this variable expands to the name of the shell
or shell script (identical to $\b$0\b0; see the description of special
- parameter 0 above). Assignment to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0 causes the value
- assigned to also be assigned to $\b$0\b0. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0 is unset, it
+ parameter 0 above). Assignment to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0 causes the value
+ assigned to also be assigned to $\b$0\b0. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV0\b0 is unset, it
loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS
- An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
- internal hash table of commands as maintained by the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh
+ An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
+ internal hash table of commands as maintained by the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh
builtin. Elements added to this array appear in the hash table;
- however, unsetting array elements currently does not cause com-
- mand names to be removed from the hash table. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS is
- unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
+ however, unsetting array elements currently does not cause com-
+ mand names to be removed from the hash table. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS is
+ unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
quently reset.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- The command currently being executed or about to be executed,
+ The command currently being executed or about to be executed,
unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
- in which case it is the command executing at the time of the
+ in which case it is the command executing at the time of the
trap.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN_\b_S\bST\bTR\bRI\bIN\bNG\bG
The command argument to the -\b-c\bc invocation option.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO
- An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source
- files where each corresponding member of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE was invoked.
+ An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source
+ files where each corresponding member of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE was invoked.
$\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is the line number in the source file
($\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b}) where $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called (or
- $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b-_\b1]\b]}\b} if referenced within another shell func-
+ $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b-_\b1]\b]}\b} if referenced within another shell func-
tion). Use L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO to obtain the current line number.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLO\bOA\bAD\bDA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS_\b_P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks
- for dynamically loadable builtins specified by the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be com-
+ A colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks
+ for dynamically loadable builtins specified by the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be com-
mand.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH
- An array variable whose members are assigned by the =\b=~\b~ binary
- operator to the [\b[[\b[ conditional command. The element with index
- 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular
- expression. The element with index _\bn is the portion of the
+ An array variable whose members are assigned by the =\b=~\b~ binary
+ operator to the [\b[[\b[ conditional command. The element with index
+ 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular
+ expression. The element with index _\bn is the portion of the
string matching the _\bnth parenthesized subexpression. This vari-
able is read-only.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE
- An array variable whose members are the source filenames where
- the corresponding shell function names in the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE array
- variable are defined. The shell function $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is
- defined in the file $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} and called from
+ An array variable whose members are the source filenames where
+ the corresponding shell function names in the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE array
+ variable are defined. The shell function $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is
+ defined in the file $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} and called from
$\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b}.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment
- when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini-
+ Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment
+ when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini-
tial value is 0.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO
A readonly array variable whose members hold version information
- for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The values assigned to the array
+ for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The values assigned to the array
members are as follows:
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[0]\b] The major version number (the _\br_\be_\bl_\be_\ba_\bs_\be).
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[1]\b] The minor version number (the _\bv_\be_\br_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn).
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[4]\b] The release status (e.g., _\bb_\be_\bt_\ba_\b1).
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[5]\b] The value of M\bMA\bAC\bCH\bHT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
+ Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
- An index into $\b${\b{C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS}\b} of the word containing the current
+ An index into $\b${\b{C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS}\b} of the word containing the current
cursor position. This variable is available only in shell func-
- tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
+ tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY
The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the cur-
rent completion function.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
- The current command line. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the program-
+ The current command line. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the program-
mable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT
- The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin-
- ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is
+ The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin-
+ ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is
at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is
- equal to $\b${\b{#\b#C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE}\b}. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the program-
+ equal to $\b${\b{#\b#C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE}\b}. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the program-
mable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion
- attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _\bT_\bA_\bB,
- for normal completion, _\b?, for listing completions after succes-
- sive tabs, _\b!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple-
- tion, _\b@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or
- _\b%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the program-
+ Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion
+ attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _\bT_\bA_\bB,
+ for normal completion, _\b?, for listing completions after succes-
+ sive tabs, _\b!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple-
+ tion, _\b@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or
+ _\b%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the program-
mable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
- The set of characters that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library treats as word
- separators when performing word completion. If C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
- is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
+ The set of characters that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library treats as word
+ separators when performing word completion. If C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
+ is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
quently reset.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) consisting of the individ-
- ual words in the current command line. The line is split into
- words as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be would split it, using C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS as
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) consisting of the individ-
+ ual words in the current command line. The line is split into
+ words as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be would split it, using C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS as
described above. This variable is available only in shell func-
- tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
+ tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
- C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the file
- descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess
+ C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the file
+ descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess
(see C\bCo\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bse\bes\bs above).
D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK
An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing the current con-
- tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack
- in the order they are displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin. Assigning
+ tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack
+ in the order they are displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin. Assigning
to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo-
- ries already in the stack, but the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd and p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd builtins must
+ ries already in the stack, but the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd and p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd builtins must
be used to add and remove directories. Assignment to this vari-
- able will not change the current directory. If D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK is
- unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
+ able will not change the current directory. If D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK is
+ unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
quently reset.
E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE
Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number
- of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3)) as a floating
+ of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3)) as a floating
point value with micro-second granularity. Assignments to
- E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE are ignored. If E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE is unset, it loses
+ E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE are ignored. If E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHR\bRE\bEA\bAL\bLT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE is unset, it loses
its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS
Each time this parameter is referenced, it expands to the number
- of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3)). Assignments to
- E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS are ignored. If E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses
+ of seconds since the Unix Epoch (see _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3)). Assignments to
+ E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS are ignored. If E\bEP\bPO\bOC\bCH\bHS\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses
its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
- E\bEU\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial-
+ E\bEU\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial-
ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly.
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
- An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
+ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0
is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot-
- tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main".
- This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
- Assignments to F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE have no effect. If F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE is unset,
- it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
+ tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main".
+ This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
+ Assignments to F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE have no effect. If F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE is unset,
+ it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
reset.
- This variable can be used with B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE.
- Each element of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE has corresponding elements in
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE to describe the call stack. For
- instance, $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called from the file
- $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b} at line number $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b}. The
+ This variable can be used with B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE.
+ Each element of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE has corresponding elements in
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE to describe the call stack. For
+ instance, $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called from the file
+ $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b} at line number $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b}. The
c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br builtin displays the current call stack using this infor-
mation.
- G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
+ G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
current user is a member. Assignments to G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS have no effect.
- If G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it
+ If G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it
is subsequently reset.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD
The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
- command. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD is unset, it loses its special properties,
+ command. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD is unset, it loses its special properties,
even if it is subsequently reset.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
Automatically set to the name of the current host.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type
- of machine on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-
+ Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type
+ of machine on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-
dependent.
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a
- decimal number representing the current sequential line number
- (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
- script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a
+ decimal number representing the current sequential line number
+ (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
+ script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
be meaningful. If L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO is unset, it loses its special proper-
ties, even if it is subsequently reset.
M\bMA\bAC\bCH\bHT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
- type on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing, in the standard GNU _\bc_\bp_\bu_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
+ type on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing, in the standard GNU _\bc_\bp_\bu_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bn_\by_\b-_\bs_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm format. The default is system-dependent.
M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the text
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the text
read by the m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be builtin when no variable name is supplied.
O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD The previous working directory as set by the c\bcd\bd command.
- O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG The value of the last option argument processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG The value of the last option argument processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD The index of the next argument to be processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD The index of the next argument to be processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOS\bST\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys-
- tem on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-depen-
+ O\bOS\bST\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys-
+ tem on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-depen-
dent.
P\bPI\bIP\bPE\bES\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing a list of exit
- status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing a list of exit
+ status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed
foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command).
- P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read-
+ P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read-
only.
P\bPW\bWD\bD The current working directory as set by the c\bcd\bd command.
R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between
0 and 32767 is generated. The sequence of random numbers may be
initialized by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM. If R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is unset,
- it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
+ it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
reset.
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
The contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer, for use with "bind -x"
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT
The position of the insertion point in the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer,
for use with "bind -x" (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY Set to the line of input read by the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin command when
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY Set to the line of input read by the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin command when
no arguments are supplied.
S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS
- Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds
- since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to
- S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the
- number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
+ Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds
+ since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to
+ S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the
+ number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
If S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it
is subsequently reset.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
- the list is a valid argument for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+ the list is a valid argument for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The options
- appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
- this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
- shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
+ appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
+ this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
+ shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
startup files. This variable is read-only.
S\bSH\bHL\bLV\bVL\bL Incremented by one each time an instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started.
U\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell
startup. This variable is readonly.
- The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT
- The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See
- the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN
- C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a description of the various compatibility levels
- and their effects. The value may be a decimal number (e.g.,
- 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding to the desired com-
- patibility level. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is unset or set to the empty
- string, the compatibility level is set to the default for the
- current version. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is set to a value that is not
+ The value is used to set the shell's compatibility level. See
+ the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN
+ C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a description of the various compatibility levels
+ and their effects. The value may be a decimal number (e.g.,
+ 4.2) or an integer (e.g., 42) corresponding to the desired com-
+ patibility level. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is unset or set to the empty
+ string, the compatibility level is set to the default for the
+ current version. If B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPA\bAT\bT is set to a value that is not
one of the valid compatibility levels, the shell prints an error
- message and sets the compatibility level to the default for the
- current version. The valid compatibility levels correspond to
- the compatibility options accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
+ message and sets the compatibility level to the default for the
+ current version. The valid compatibility levels correspond to
+ the compatibility options accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
described below (for example, c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2 means that 4.2 and 42 are
valid values). The current version is also a valid value.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV
- If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
- its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
+ If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
+ its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
initialize the shell, as in _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc. The value of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV is
- subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and
- arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename.
+ subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and
+ arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename.
P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used to search for the resultant filename.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD
- If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will write the trace output generated when _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bx is
- enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed
- when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace
- output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting
+ If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will write the trace output generated when _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bx is
+ enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed
+ when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace
+ output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then
unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed.
- C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
- list of directories in which the shell looks for destination
- directories specified by the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
+ list of directories in which the shell looks for destination
+ directories specified by the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
".:~:/usr".
C\bCH\bHI\bIL\bLD\bD_\b_M\bMA\bAX\bX
- Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to
- remember. Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below
- a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur-
- rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is
+ Set the number of exited child status values for the shell to
+ remember. Bash will not allow this value to be decreased below
+ a POSIX-mandated minimum, and there is a maximum value (cur-
+ rently 8192) that this may not exceed. The minimum value is
system-dependent.
C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS
- Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the terminal
- width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
+ Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the terminal
+ width when printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
An array variable from which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads the possible completions
- generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
- pletion facility (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below). Each
+ generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
+ pletion facility (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below). Each
array element contains one possible completion.
- E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
- starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
+ E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
+ starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
- E\bEN\bNV\bV Similar to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX
- mode.
+ E\bEN\bNV\bV Similar to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV; used when the shell is invoked in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx
+ _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be.
E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg)
- defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search
- using P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat-
- terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of
+ A colon-separated list of shell patterns (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg)
+ defining the list of filenames to be ignored by command search
+ using P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. Files whose full pathnames match one of these pat-
+ terns are not considered executable files for the purposes of
completion and command execution via P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH lookup. This does not
affect the behavior of the [\b[, t\bte\bes\bst\bt, and [\b[[\b[ commands. Full path-
- names in the command hash table are not subject to E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE.
- Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the
- executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern
+ names in the command hash table are not subject to E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE.
+ Use this variable to ignore shared library files that have the
+ executable bit set, but are not executable files. The pattern
matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option.
F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT The default editor for the f\bfc\bc builtin command.
F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
+ A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
filename completion (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below). A filename whose suf-
- fix matches one of the entries in F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is excluded from the
+ fix matches one of the entries in F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is excluded from the
list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~".
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT
- If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum
- function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this
+ If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum
+ function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this
nesting level will cause the current command to abort.
G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file
- names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name
- matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the
+ A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of file
+ names to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a file name
+ matched by a pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the
patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is removed from the list of matches.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
- A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
- saved on the history list. If the list of values includes
- _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
- saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
+ A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
+ saved on the history list. If the list of values includes
+ _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
+ saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of
_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bb_\bo_\bt_\bh is shorthand for _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be and _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs. A value
of _\be_\br_\ba_\bs_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes all previous lines matching the current line
- to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
- Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
- unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
+ to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
+ Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
+ unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value
- of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
- compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
+ compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
The name of the file in which command history is saved (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
- T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by. If unset,
+ T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by. If unset,
the command history is not saved when a shell exits.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When
- this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
- cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of
- lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also
- truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If
- the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
- Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit
- truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of
+ this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
+ cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of
+ lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also
+ truncated to this size after writing it when a shell exits. If
+ the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
+ Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit
+ truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE after reading any startup files.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
- lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
- anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com-
- plete line (no implicit `*\b*' is appended). Each pattern is
- tested against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bN-\b-
- T\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern
+ A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
+ lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
+ anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com-
+ plete line (no implicit `*\b*' is appended). Each pattern is
+ tested against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bN-\b-
+ T\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern
matching characters, `&\b&' matches the previous history line. `&\b&'
- may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed
+ may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed
before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a
multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the
- history regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The pattern
+ history regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The pattern
matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
- H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in
+ The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in
the history list. Numeric values less than zero result in every
- command being saved on the history list (there is no limit).
- The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any
+ command being saved on the history list (there is no limit).
+ The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any
startup files.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
+ If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to print the time stamp associated
- with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
- this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history
- file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
- the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+ with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
+ this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history
+ file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
+ the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
other history lines.
H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for
the c\bcd\bd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used
when performing tilde expansion.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
- Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
+ Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
- The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
- the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is
- attempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
- the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
- no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
- read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
+ The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
+ the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is
+ attempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
+ the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
+ no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
+ read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
tions. When H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
- I\bIF\bFS\bS The _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd _\bS_\be_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br that is used for word splitting
- after expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS The _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd _\bS_\be_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br that is used for word splitting
+ after expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
builtin command. The default value is ``<space><tab><new-
line>''.
I\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bEE\bEO\bOF\bF
Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an E\bEO\bOF\bF
character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of
- consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
- characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
- exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
- default value is 10. If it does not exist, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the
+ consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
+ characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
+ exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
+ default value is 10. If it does not exist, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the
end of input to the shell.
I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC
- The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the
+ The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the
default of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below).
- L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
+ L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
specifically selected with a variable starting with L\bLC\bC_\b_.
- L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
variable specifying a locale category.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE
- This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
- the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
- of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating
+ This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
+ the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
+ of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating
sequences within pathname expansion and pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
- the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
+ This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
+ the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_M\bME\bES\bSS\bSA\bAG\bGE\bES\bS
- This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
+ This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
quoted strings preceded by a $\b$.
L\bLC\bC_\b_N\bNU\bUM\bME\bER\bRI\bIC\bC
- This variable determines the locale category used for number
+ This variable determines the locale category used for number
formatting.
L\bLC\bC_\b_T\bTI\bIM\bME\bE
- This variable determines the locale category used for data and
+ This variable determines the locale category used for data and
time formatting.
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
- length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
+ length for printing selection lists. Automatically set if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be option is enabled or in an interactive shell upon
receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
- M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the
- M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the
- arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc-
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the
+ arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc-
tory.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLC\bCH\bHE\bEC\bCK\bK
- Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The
- default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
- shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
- variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+ Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The
+ default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
+ shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
+ variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail. The
message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file may
- be specified by separating the filename from the message with a
- `?'. When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to the
+ be specified by separating the filename from the message with a
+ `?'. When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to the
name of the current mailfile. Example:
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has
mail!"'
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari-
- able (there is no value by default), but the location of the
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh can be configured to supply a default value for this vari-
+ able (there is no value by default), but the location of the
user mail files that it uses is system dependent (e.g.,
/var/mail/$\b$U\bUS\bSE\bER\bR).
O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR If set to the value 1, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays error messages generated by
- the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
+ the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
shell script is executed.
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
- directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
+ directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
+ E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH indicates the current directory. A null directory
- name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
- trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
+ name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
+ trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
set by the administrator who installs b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. A common value is
``/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin''.
P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bXL\bLY\bY_\b_C\bCO\bOR\bRR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bT
- If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
- shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
- the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
- while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
+ If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
+ shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
+ the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
+ while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
command _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bo _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx had been executed.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each
primary prompt.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM
- If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
+ If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding
- the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
+ the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
- P\bPS\bS0\b0 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
- and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and
+ P\bPS\bS0\b0 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and displayed by interactive shells after reading a command and
before the command is executed.
- P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
- and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
+ P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
``\\b\s\bs-\b-\\b\v\bv\\b\$\b$ ''.
- P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
+ P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>\b> ''.
P\bPS\bS3\b3 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above).
- P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
- value is printed before each command b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays during an
- execution trace. The first character of the expanded value of
+ P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
+ value is printed before each command b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays during an
+ execution trace. The first character of the expanded value of
P\bPS\bS4\b4 is replicated multiple times, as necessary, to indicate mul-
tiple levels of indirection. The default is ``+\b+ ''.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari-
- able. If it is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to
+ able. If it is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to
it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
- ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
- t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
- duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
- other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
+ The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
+ ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
+ t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
+ duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
+ other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
as follows; the braces denote optional portions.
%\b%%\b% A literal %\b%.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]R\bR The elapsed time in seconds.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]S\bS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
%\b%P\bP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
- The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
+ The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes
no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places
- after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
- than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
+ after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
+ than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
used.
- The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
- the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
+ The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
+ the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
the fraction is included.
- If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
- $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null,
+ If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
+ $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null,
no timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added
when the format string is displayed.
- T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT is treated as the
+ T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT is treated as the
default timeout for the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin. The s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command termi-
nates if input does not arrive after T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT seconds when input is
- coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is
+ coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is
interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for a line of input
after issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting
- for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not
+ for that number of seconds if a complete line of input does not
arrive.
- T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
+ T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh creates temporary files for the shell's use.
a\bau\but\bto\bo_\b_r\bre\bes\bsu\bum\bme\be
This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
- job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com-
+ job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com-
mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump-
tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed;
- if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed,
- the job most recently accessed is selected. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a
- stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
- it. If set to the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the string supplied must match
- the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the
- string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
- stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value provides functionality analo-
- gous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set
- to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a
+ if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed,
+ the job most recently accessed is selected. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a
+ stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
+ it. If set to the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the string supplied must match
+ the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the
+ string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
+ stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value provides functionality analo-
+ gous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set
+ to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a
stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the
%\b%_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg job identifier.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs
- The two or three characters which control history expansion and
+ The two or three characters which control history expansion and
tokenization (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). The first character
- is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
- the start of a history expansion, normally `!\b!'. The second
- character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
- shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
- tuting one string for another in the command. The default is
- `^\b^'. The optional third character is the character which indi-
- cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
- the first character of a word, normally `#\b#'. The history com-
+ is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
+ the start of a history expansion, normally `!\b!'. The second
+ character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
+ shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
+ tuting one string for another in the command. The default is
+ `^\b^'. The optional third character is the character which indi-
+ cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
+ the first character of a word, normally `#\b#'. The history com-
ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
- remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the
+ remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the
shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
- Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
- explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
- an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
- tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
+ Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
+ explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
+ an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
+ tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are ref-
erenced using arbitrary strings. Unless otherwise noted, indexed array
indices must be non-negative integers.
- An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
+ An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
to using the syntax _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is treated as
an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. To explicitly
- declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is ignored.
Associative arrays are created using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-A\bA _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
- Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1 ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but
+ Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1 ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and
- subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index
- of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement
+ subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index
+ of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement
plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
- This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
- elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax
- introduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is sub-
- scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative
- to one greater than the maximum index of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so negative indices
+ This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
+ elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax
+ introduced above. When assigning to an indexed array, if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is sub-
+ scripted by a negative number, that number is interpreted as relative
+ to one greater than the maximum index of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, so negative indices
count back from the end of the array, and an index of -1 references the
last element.
- Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}.
+ Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}.
The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If
- _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. These
- subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
+ _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. These
+ subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
the word is double-quoted, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[*]} expands to a single word with the
- value of each array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ value of each array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS
special variable, and ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands each element of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to a sep-
- arate word. When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to
- nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the
- expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of
- the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
- with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the
- expansion of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- above). ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, the expansion is the number of ele-
- ments in the array. If the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt used to reference an element of
- an indexed array evaluates to a number less than zero, it is inter-
- preted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array,
- so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index
+ arate word. When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to
+ nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the
+ expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of
+ the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
+ with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the
+ expansion of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
+ above). ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, the expansion is the number of ele-
+ ments in the array. If the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt used to reference an element of
+ an indexed array evaluates to a number less than zero, it is inter-
+ preted as relative to one greater than the maximum index of the array,
+ so negative indices count back from the end of the array, and an index
of -1 references the last element.
Referencing an array variable without a subscript is equivalent to ref-
- erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable
+ erencing the array with a subscript of 0. Any reference to a variable
using a valid subscript is legal, and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will create an array if nec-
essary.
- An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
+ An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
value. The null string is a valid value.
- It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the
- values. ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]} expand to the indices assigned in
+ It is possible to obtain the keys (indices) of an array as well as the
+ values. ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]} expand to the indices assigned in
array variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The treatment when in double quotes is similar to
the expansion of the special parameters _\b@ and _\b* within double quotes.
- The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin is used to destroy arrays. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]
- destroys the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, for both indexed and
- associative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are inter-
- preted as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array
- variable does not unset the variable. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an
+ The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin is used to destroy arrays. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]
+ destroys the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, for both indexed and
+ associative arrays. Negative subscripts to indexed arrays are inter-
+ preted as described above. Unsetting the last element of an array
+ variable does not unset the variable. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an
array, or u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt], where _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, removes the
entire array.
- When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com-
- mand, such as with u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt, without using the word expansion syntax
- described above, the argument is subject to pathname expansion. If
+ When using a variable name with a subscript as an argument to a com-
+ mand, such as with u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt, without using the word expansion syntax
+ described above, the argument is subject to pathname expansion. If
pathname expansion is not desired, the argument should be quoted.
- The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
- specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative
- array. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
+ The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
+ specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative
+ array. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
standard input to an array. The s\bse\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtins display array
values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments.
E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
- words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
- _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
+ words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
+ _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\ba_\br_\bi_\bt_\bh_\bm_\be_\bt_\bi_\bc _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg, and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn.
The order of expansions is: brace expansion; tilde expansion, parameter
- and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution
- (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan-
+ and variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, and command substitution
+ (done in a left-to-right fashion); word splitting; and pathname expan-
sion.
On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail-
- able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. This is performed at the same time as
- tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub-
+ able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn. This is performed at the same time as
+ tilde, parameter, variable, and arithmetic expansion and command sub-
stitution.
- After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the
- original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves
+ After these expansions are performed, quote characters present in the
+ original word are removed unless they have been quoted themselves
(_\bq_\bu_\bo_\bt_\be _\br_\be_\bm_\bo_\bv_\ba_\bl).
- Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can
- increase the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand
- a single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the
- expansions of "$\b$@\b@" and "$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[@\b@]\b]}\b}", and, in most cases, $\b$*\b* and
+ Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can
+ increase the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand
+ a single word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the
+ expansions of "$\b$@\b@" and "$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[@\b@]\b]}\b}", and, in most cases, $\b$*\b* and
$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[*\b*]\b]}\b} as explained above (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS).
B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
_\bB_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener-
- ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
+ ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the
form of an optional _\bp_\br_\be_\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be, followed by either a series of comma-sep-
- arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
- lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
+ arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
+ lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended
to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
- Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
- are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
+ Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
+ are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
a{\b{d,c,b}\b}e expands into `ade ace abe'.
- A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
- either integers or single characters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment,
- is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to
- each number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre-
- fixed with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx
- or _\by begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated
- terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces-
- sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each
- character lexicographically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive, using the
- default C locale. Note that both _\bx and _\by must be of the same type.
- When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
+ A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
+ either integers or single characters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment,
+ is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to
+ each number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre-
+ fixed with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx
+ or _\by begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated
+ terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces-
+ sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each
+ character lexicographically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive, using the
+ default C locale. Note that both _\bx and _\by must be of the same type.
+ When the increment is supplied, it is used as the difference between
each term. The default increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char-
- acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
- strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
+ acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
+ strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
the context of the expansion or the text between the braces.
- A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
- closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence
- expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
+ A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
+ closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence
+ expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
A {\b{ or ,\b, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered
- part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
+ part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
sion, the string $\b${\b{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion, and
inhibits brace expansion until the closing }\b}.
or
chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
- Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
- versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
- when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
- For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
- the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+ Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
+ versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
+ when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
+ For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
+ the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+\b+B\bB option or disable brace expansion with the +\b+B\bB option to the s\bse\bet\bt com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
- characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
- there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
- the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
- tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
- value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
- tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
- wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
+ If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
+ characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
+ there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
+ the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
+ tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+ value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
+ tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
+ wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
with the specified login name.
- If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD
+ If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD
replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of
- the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
- acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
- optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
+ the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
+ acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
+ optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be
displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu-
- ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
+ ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed.
If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is
Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi-
ately following a :\b: or the first =\b=. In these cases, tilde expansion is
- also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in
- assignments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the
+ also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in
+ assignments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the
expanded value.
P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
The `$\b$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution,
- or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
- may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
- variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
+ or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
+ may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
+ variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
could be interpreted as part of the name.
- When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
- escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
+ When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
+ escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter
expansion.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
- when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
+ The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
+ when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
digit, or when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is followed by a character which is not
to be interpreted as part of its name. The _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a shell
- parameter as described above P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS) or an array reference
+ parameter as described above P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS) or an array reference
(A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs).
- If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), and
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is not a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf, it introduces a level of variable indirec-
- tion. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as the name of the variable; this variable is then expanded
+ If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), and
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is not a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf, it introduces a level of variable indirec-
+ tion. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of the variable formed from the rest of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as the name of the variable; this variable is then expanded
and that value is used in the rest of the substitution, rather than the
- value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br itself. This is known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The
- value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command sub-
- stitution, and arithmetic expansion. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a nameref, this
- expands to the name of the variable referenced by _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br instead of
+ value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br itself. This is known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The
+ value is subject to tilde expansion, parameter expansion, command sub-
+ stitution, and arithmetic expansion. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a nameref, this
+ expands to the name of the variable referenced by _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br instead of
performing the complete indirect expansion. The exceptions to this are
- the expansions of ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The
- exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to
+ the expansions of ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The
+ exclamation point must immediately follow the left brace in order to
introduce indirection.
In each of the cases below, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is subject to tilde expansion, parame-
ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
- When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented
- below (e.g., :\b:-\b-), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
- Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is
+ When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented
+ below (e.g., :\b:-\b-), b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null.
+ Omitting the colon results in a test only for a parameter that is
unset.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:-\b-_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:=\b=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the
+ A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the
expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is assigned to _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
- _\be_\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special
parameters may not be assigned to in this way.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:?\b?_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
- the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
- not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
+ D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
+ the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
+ not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:+\b+_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
+ U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
substituted, otherwise the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt:\b:_\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh}
- S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of the
- value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\b-
+ S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of the
+ value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\b-
_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, an indexed array subscripted by @\b@ or *\b*,
- or an associative array name, the results differ as described
- below. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of the
+ or an associative array name, the results differ as described
+ below. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of the
value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- and extending to the end of the value. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt are
+ and extending to the end of the value. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt are
arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
- If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
- used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero, it
- is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the
- value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a number of characters, and the
- expansion is the characters between _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and that result.
- Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by
- at least one space to avoid being confused with the :\b:-\b- expan-
+ If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
+ used as an offset in characters from the end of the value of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero, it
+ is interpreted as an offset in characters from the end of the
+ value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a number of characters, and the
+ expansion is the characters between _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt and that result.
+ Note that a negative offset must be separated from the colon by
+ at least one space to avoid being confused with the :\b:-\b- expan-
sion.
- If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parameters
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parameters
beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one
- greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of
- -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan-
+ greater than the greatest positional parameter, so an offset of
+ -1 evaluates to the last positional parameter. It is an expan-
sion error if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than zero.
If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the
- result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with
- ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to
- one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It
- is an expansion error if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than
+ result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with
+ ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to
+ one greater than the maximum index of the specified array. It
+ is an expansion error if _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh evaluates to a number less than
zero.
- Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces
+ Substring expansion applied to an associative array produces
undefined results.
- Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame-
- ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by
- default. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are
+ Substring indexing is zero-based unless the positional parame-
+ ters are used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by
+ default. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are
used, $\b$0\b0 is prefixed to the list.
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*}
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx@\b@}
- N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
+ N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
names begin with _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx, separated by the first character of the
- I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
- within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
+ within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
word.
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]}
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]}
- L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
- the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
- When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
+ L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
+ the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
+ When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
each key expands to a separate word.
${#\b#_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. The length in characters of the value of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
- substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
- tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
- an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that
- number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi-
- mum index of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, so negative indices count back from the
- end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele-
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. The length in characters of the value of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
+ substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
+ tuted is the number of elements in the array. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
+ an indexed array name subscripted by a negative number, that
+ number is interpreted as relative to one greater than the maxi-
+ mum index of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, so negative indices count back from the
+ end of the array, and an index of -1 references the last ele-
ment.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the
expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of
- the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the expansion is the
- expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest matching pattern
- (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``#\b##\b#''
- case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal
- operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and
- the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array
- variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation
- is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expan-
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches the beginning of
+ the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the expansion is the
+ expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest matching pattern
+ (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``#\b##\b#''
+ case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal
+ operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and
+ the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array
+ variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation
+ is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expan-
sion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg s\bsu\buf\bff\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion, and matched against the
expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br using the rules described under P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion
- of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the
- expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
- matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest matching pat-
- tern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
- pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If the pattern matches a trailing portion
+ of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the
+ expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
+ matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest matching pat-
+ tern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
+ pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
- _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
- removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
+ removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to produce a pat-
- tern just as in pathname expansion, _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
- the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The match is performed using the rules described under
- P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with /\b/, all matches
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Normally only the first
- match is replaced. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with #\b#, it must match at
- the beginning of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ tern just as in pathname expansion, _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
+ the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The match is performed using the rules described under
+ P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with /\b/, all matches
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Normally only the first
+ match is replaced. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with #\b#, it must match at
+ the beginning of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
begins with %\b%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted
- and the /\b/ following _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn may be omitted. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard
- to the case of alphabetic characters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*,
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted
+ and the /\b/ following _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn may be omitted. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
+ shell option is enabled, the match is performed without regard
+ to the case of alphabetic characters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*,
the substitution operation is applied to each positional parame-
ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitu-
- tion operation is applied to each member of the array in turn,
+ tion operation is applied to each member of the array in turn,
and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
- C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
- betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
+ C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
+ betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in
- the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is tested against _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and,
- if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern
- should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^\b^
- operator converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to upper-
+ the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is tested against _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and,
+ if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern
+ should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^\b^
+ operator converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to upper-
case; the ,\b, operator converts matching uppercase letters to low-
ercase. The ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character
- in the expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert
- only the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is
- omitted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character.
- If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is
- applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion
- is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable sub-
+ in the expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert
+ only the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is
+ omitted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character.
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is
+ applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion
+ is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable sub-
scripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
- to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the
+ to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the
resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br@\b@_\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br}
P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsf\bfo\bor\brm\bma\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. The expansion is either a transforma-
- tion of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br or information about _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- itself, depending on the value of _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. Each _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br is a
+ tion of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br or information about _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ itself, depending on the value of _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. Each _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br is a
single letter:
- Q\bQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ Q\bQ The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
quoted in a format that can be reused as input.
- E\bE The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
- with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the
+ E\bE The expansion is a string that is the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ with backslash escape sequences expanded as with the
$\b$'\b'.\b..\b..\b.'\b' quoting mechanism.
P\bP The expansion is a string that is the result of expanding
the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as if it were a prompt string (see
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
- A\bA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment
- statement or d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be command that, if evaluated, will
+ A\bA The expansion is a string in the form of an assignment
+ statement or d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be command that, if evaluated, will
recreate _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with its attributes and value.
- a\ba The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep-
+ a\ba The expansion is a string consisting of flag values rep-
resenting _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br's attributes.
- If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the operation is applied to each posi-
- tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
- list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the operation is applied to each posi-
+ tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
*\b*, the operation is applied to each member of the array in turn,
and the expansion is the resultant list.
- The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and
+ The result of the expansion is subject to word splitting and
pathname expansion as described below.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh performs the expansion by executing _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd in a subshell environ-
ment and replacing the command substitution with the standard output of
the command, with any trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are
- not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com-
- mand substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but
+ not deleted, but they may be removed during word splitting. The com-
+ mand substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but
faster $\b$(\b(<\b< _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b).
- When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
- retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
+ When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
+ retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub-
- stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
+ stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted
form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
- If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
+ If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
- and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
+ Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
+ and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
sion is:
$\b$(\b((\b(_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn)\b))\b)
- The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a
- double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All
+ The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a
+ double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All
tokens in the expression undergo parameter and variable expansion, com-
- mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the
- arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be
+ mand substitution, and quote removal. The result is treated as the
+ arithmetic expression to be evaluated. Arithmetic expansions may be
nested.
- The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
+ The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is invalid, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints a message
indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
P\bPr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bs S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
- _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows a process's input or output to be referred
- to using a filename. It takes the form of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The
- process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as
+ _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows a process's input or output to be referred
+ to using a filename. It takes the form of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The
+ process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run asynchronously, and its input or output appears as
a filename. This filename is passed as an argument to the current com-
- mand as the result of the expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used,
- writing to the file will provide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form
- is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the
+ mand as the result of the expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used,
+ writing to the file will provide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form
+ is used, the file passed as an argument should be read to obtain the
output of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. Process substitution is supported on systems that sup-
port named pipes (_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd method of naming open files.
- When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
- parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+ When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
+ parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
expansion.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg
- The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
- tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
+ The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg.
- The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
- results of the other expansions into words using these characters as
- field terminators. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, or its value is exactly
- <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the default, then sequences of <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>, <\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b>,
- and <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous
- expansions are ignored, and any sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the
- beginning or end serves to delimit words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other
- than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be,
- t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as
- long as the whitespace character is in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS white-
- space character). Any character in I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace,
+ The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
+ results of the other expansions into words using these characters as
+ field terminators. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, or its value is exactly
+ <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the default, then sequences of <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>, <\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b>,
+ and <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> at the beginning and end of the results of the previous
+ expansions are ignored, and any sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the
+ beginning or end serves to delimit words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other
+ than the default, then sequences of the whitespace characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be,
+ t\bta\bab\bb, and n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be are ignored at the beginning and end of the word, as
+ long as the whitespace character is in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS white-
+ space character). Any character in I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace,
along with any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters, delimits a field. A
- sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
+ sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters is also treated as a delimiter.
If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word splitting occurs.
- Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained and passed to commands
+ Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained and passed to commands
as empty strings. Unquoted implicit null arguments, resulting from the
expansion of parameters that have no values, are removed. If a parame-
- ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument
- results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string.
- When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion
- is non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d''
+ ter with no value is expanded within double quotes, a null argument
+ results and is retained and passed to a command as an empty string.
+ When a quoted null argument appears as part of a word whose expansion
+ is non-null, the null argument is removed. That is, the word -d''
becomes -d after word splitting and null argument removal.
Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed.
P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
- each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
- appears, then the word is regarded as a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and replaced with an
- alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
- t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below). If no matching filenames are found, and the
- shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If
- the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is
- removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is set, and no matches are
+ After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
+ each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
+ appears, then the word is regarded as a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and replaced with an
+ alphabetically sorted list of filenames matching the pattern (see P\bPa\bat\bt-\b-
+ t\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg below). If no matching filenames are found, and the
+ shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not enabled, the word is left unchanged. If
+ the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, and no matches are found, the word is
+ removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is set, and no matches are
found, an error message is printed and the command is not executed. If
- the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the match is performed without
- regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used
- for pathname expansion, the character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the start of a name or
- immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the
- shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must
- always be matched explicitly, even if d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. In other cases,
- the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' character is not treated specially. When matching a path-
- name, the slash character must always be matched explicitly by a slash
- in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can be matched by a
- special pattern character as described below under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg.
- See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a
- description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
+ the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is enabled, the match is performed without
+ regard to the case of alphabetic characters. When a pattern is used
+ for pathname expansion, the character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the start of a name or
+ immediately following a slash must be matched explicitly, unless the
+ shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must
+ always be matched explicitly, even if d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set. In other cases,
+ the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' character is not treated specially. When matching a path-
+ name, the slash character must always be matched explicitly by a slash
+ in the pattern, but in other matching contexts it can be matched by a
+ special pattern character as described below under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg.
+ See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a
+ description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
options.
- The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
- names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
- name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
- from the list of matches. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, the match-
- ing against the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is performed without regard to
+ The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
+ names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
+ name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
+ from the list of matches. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set, the match-
+ ing against the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is performed without regard to
case. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' are always ignored when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bG-\b-
- N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null
+ N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null
value has the effect of enabling the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option, so all other
- filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' will match. To get the old behavior
- of ignoring filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b', make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the
+ filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' will match. To get the old behavior
+ of ignoring filenames beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b', make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the
patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is disabled when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
is unset. The pattern matching honors the setting of the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
option.
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
- characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
- occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
- escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
+ characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
+ occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
+ escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally.
The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
- *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a
- pathname expansion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a
- single pattern will match all files and zero or more
- directories and subdirectories. If followed by a /\b/, two
- adjacent *\b*s will match only directories and subdirecto-
+ *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a
+ pathname expansion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a
+ single pattern will match all files and zero or more
+ directories and subdirectories. If followed by a /\b/, two
+ adjacent *\b*s will match only directories and subdirecto-
ries.
?\b? Matches any single character.
- [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of
- characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\b-
- _\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any character that falls between those two charac-
- ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating
- sequence and character set, is matched. If the first
+ [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of
+ characters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\b-
+ _\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any character that falls between those two charac-
+ ters, inclusive, using the current locale's collating
+ sequence and character set, is matched. If the first
character following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^ then any charac-
- ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char-
- acters in range expressions is determined by the current
- locale and the values of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE or L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell
+ ter not enclosed is matched. The sorting order of char-
+ acters in range expressions is determined by the current
+ locale and the values of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE or L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell
variables, if set. To obtain the traditional interpreta-
- tion of range expressions, where [\b[a\ba-\b-d\bd]\b] is equivalent to
- [\b[a\bab\bbc\bcd\bd]\b], set value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variable to C\bC, or
- enable the g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs shell option. A -\b- may be
+ tion of range expressions, where [\b[a\ba-\b-d\bd]\b] is equivalent to
+ [\b[a\bab\bbc\bcd\bd]\b], set value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL shell variable to C\bC, or
+ enable the g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs shell option. A -\b- may be
matched by including it as the first or last character in
the set. A ]\b] may be matched by including it as the first
character in the set.
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using
the syntax [\b[:\b:_\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs:\b:]\b], where _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs is one of the following
classes defined in the POSIX standard:
- a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt
+ a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt
p\bpu\bun\bnc\bct\bt s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be u\bup\bpp\bpe\ber\br w\bwo\bor\brd\bd x\bxd\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt
A character class matches any character belonging to that
class. The w\bwo\bor\brd\bd character class matches letters, digits,
and the character _.
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified
using the syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with
- the same collation weight (as defined by the current
+ the same collation weight (as defined by the current
locale) as the character _\bc.
Within [\b[ and ]\b], the syntax [\b[.\b._\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.\b.]\b] matches the collat-
ing symbol _\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.
If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, several
- extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following
+ extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following
description, a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a list of one or more patterns separated
by a |\b|. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol-
lowing sub-patterns:
!\b!(\b(_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b)
Matches anything except one of the given patterns
- Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow,
- especially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings con-
+ Complicated extended pattern matching against long strings is slow,
+ especially when the patterns contain alternations and the strings con-
tain multiple matches. Using separate matches against shorter strings,
- or using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be
+ or using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be
faster.
Q\bQu\buo\bot\bte\be R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bva\bal\bl
After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac-
- ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
+ ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
are removed.
R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
- using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows
- commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer
+ Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
+ using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection allows
+ commands' file handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer
to different files, and can change the files the command reads from and
- writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
- current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera-
+ writes to. Redirection may also be used to modify file handles in the
+ current shell execution environment. The following redirection opera-
tors may precede or appear anywhere within a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or may fol-
- low a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. Redirections are processed in the order they appear,
+ low a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. Redirections are processed in the order they appear,
from left to right.
- Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
+ Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
instead be preceded by a word of the form {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}. In this case, for
each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a
- file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines
- the file descriptor to close. If {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be} is supplied, the redirect-
- ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro-
+ file descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If >&- or <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines
+ the file descriptor to close. If {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be} is supplied, the redirect-
+ ion persists beyond the scope of the command, allowing the shell pro-
grammer to manage the file descriptor himself.
- In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
- ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
- direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
- first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
+ In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
+ ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
+ direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
+ first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
- The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
- tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
- expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
- arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word
+ The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
+ tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
+ expansion, parameter and variable expansion, command substitution,
+ arithmetic expansion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word
splitting. If it expands to more than one word, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
- Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
+ Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
command
ls >\b> dirlist 2>\b>&\b&1
- directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
while the command
ls 2>\b>&\b&1 >\b> dirlist
- directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
- error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out-
+ directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
+ error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out-
put was redirected to _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec-
tions, as described in the following table. If the operating system on
which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running provides these special files, bash will use them;
- otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described
+ otherwise it will emulate them internally with the behavior described
below.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd/\b/_\bf_\bd
- If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
+ If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
cated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/s\bst\btd\bdi\bin\bn
File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/t\btc\bcp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open the corresponding TCP socket.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/u\bud\bdp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open the corresponding UDP socket.
A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
- Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
- care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
+ Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
+ care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
nally.
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg I\bIn\bnp\bpu\but\bt
Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified.
The general format for redirecting input is:
[_\bn]<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the
+ Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the
expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for writing on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified. If the file
- does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
+ does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
size.
The general format for redirecting output is:
[_\bn]>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
- name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
+ If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
+ name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
If the redirection operator is >\b>|\b|, or the redirection operator is >\b> and
the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is not enabled, the re-
direction is attempted even if the file named by _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists.
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bte\bed\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name
- results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for appending on file
- descriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
+ Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name
+ results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for appending on file
+ descriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
The general format for appending output is:
[_\bn]>\b>>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
- This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
- the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
- There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard
+ There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard
error:
&\b&>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd 2>\b>&\b&1
- When using the second form, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd may not expand to a number or -\b-. If
- it does, other redirection operators apply (see D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be
+ When using the second form, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd may not expand to a number or -\b-. If
+ it does, other redirection operators apply (see D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be
D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs below) for compatibility reasons.
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
- This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
- the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
(see D\bDu\bup\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs below).
H\bHe\ber\bre\be D\bDo\boc\bcu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
- This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
+ This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
current source until a line containing only _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br (with no trailing
- blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
- as the standard input (or file descriptor _\bn if _\bn is specified) for a
+ blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
+ as the standard input (or file descriptor _\bn if _\bn is specified) for a
command.
The format of here-documents is:
_\bh_\be_\br_\be_\b-_\bd_\bo_\bc_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt
_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br
- No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
- expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any part of
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd,
- and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
- unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter
- expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the charac-
- ter sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be used to quote the
+ No parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
+ expansion, or pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any part of
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd,
+ and the lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
+ unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter
+ expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the charac-
+ ter sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be used to quote the
characters \\b\, $\b$, and `\b`.
If the redirection operator is <\b<<\b<-\b-, then all leading tab characters are
- stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This
- allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
+ stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This
+ allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
fashion.
H\bHe\ber\bre\be S\bSt\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
[_\bn]<\b<<\b<<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
- command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path-
- name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd undergoes tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
+ command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal. Path-
+ name expansion and word splitting are not performed. The result is
supplied as a single string, with a newline appended, to the command on
its standard input (or file descriptor _\bn if _\bn is specified).
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd expands to one or
- more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
- that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file
- descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evalu-
- ates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, the
+ more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
+ that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file
+ descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evalu-
+ ates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, the
standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
The operator
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
- specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
- digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
- direction error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is
- closed. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd does not expand
- to one or more digits or -\b-, the standard output and standard error are
+ is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
+ specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
+ digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
+ direction error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evaluates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is
+ closed. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd does not expand
+ to one or more digits or -\b-, the standard output and standard error are
redirected as described previously.
M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified. _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt is closed after
being duplicated to _\bn.
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified.
O\bOp\bpe\ben\bni\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs f\bfo\bor\br R\bRe\bea\bad\bdi\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd W\bWr\bri\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg
[_\bn]<\b<>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
- both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
+ causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
+ both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
if _\bn is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
- _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
- the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
- aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
- commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
- simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
- so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
- $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
+ _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
+ the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
+ aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
+ commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
+ simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
+ so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
+ $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may
- contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
- first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
- that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
- time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
- last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
+ contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
+ first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
+ that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
+ time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
+ last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
Aliases are created and listed with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command, and removed with
the u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command.
- There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
- arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
+ arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
below).
- Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
- e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
+ Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
+ e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
- confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input
- before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are
- expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore,
- an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does
- not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands
+ The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
+ confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input
+ before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are
+ expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore,
+ an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does
+ not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands
following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new
- alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
- Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the
- function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com-
- mand. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not avail-
- able until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put
- alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs in compound
+ alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
+ Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the
+ function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com-
+ mand. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not avail-
+ able until after that function is executed. To be safe, always put
+ alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs in compound
commands.
For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
- stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
- shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
+ A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
+ stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
+ shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed
- in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to
- interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
- When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
+ in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to
+ interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
+ When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter #\b# is
- updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0\b0 is unchanged. The
- first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
+ updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0\b0 is unchanged. The
+ first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
tion while the function is executing.
- All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical
- between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
- R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
- given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
- below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
- traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
+ All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical
+ between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
+ given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
+ below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
option has been enabled.
- Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
+ Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the
- function and its caller. If a variable is declared l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, the vari-
- able's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children
+ function and its caller. If a variable is declared l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, the vari-
+ able's visible scope is restricted to that function and its children
(including the functions it calls). Local variables "shadow" variables
- with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local
- variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same
- name: references and assignments refer to the local variable, leaving
- the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global
+ with the same name declared at previous scopes. For instance, a local
+ variable declared in a function hides a global variable of the same
+ name: references and assignments refer to the local variable, leaving
+ the global variable unmodified. When the function returns, the global
variable is once again visible.
- The shell uses _\bd_\by_\bn_\ba_\bm_\bi_\bc _\bs_\bc_\bo_\bp_\bi_\bn_\bg to control a variable's visibility
- within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their
- values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe-
- cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a
- function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether
- that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is
- also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the
+ The shell uses _\bd_\by_\bn_\ba_\bm_\bi_\bc _\bs_\bc_\bo_\bp_\bi_\bn_\bg to control a variable's visibility
+ within functions. With dynamic scoping, visible variables and their
+ values are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused exe-
+ cution to reach the current function. The value of a variable that a
+ function sees depends on its value within its caller, if any, whether
+ that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function. This is
+ also the value that a local variable declaration "shadows", and the
value that is restored when the function returns.
- For example, if a variable _\bv_\ba_\br is declared as local in function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1,
- and _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1 calls another function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2, references to _\bv_\ba_\br made from
+ For example, if a variable _\bv_\ba_\br is declared as local in function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1,
+ and _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1 calls another function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2, references to _\bv_\ba_\br made from
within _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2 will resolve to the local variable _\bv_\ba_\br from _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b1, shadow-
ing any global variable named _\bv_\ba_\br.
The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a variable
is local to the current scope, u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt will unset it; otherwise the unset
- will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described
- above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will
- remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the function
- returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a
+ will refer to the variable found in any calling scope as described
+ above. If a variable at the current local scope is unset, it will
+ remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the function
+ returns. Once the function returns, any instance of the variable at a
previous scope will become visible. If the unset acts on a variable at
- a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had
+ a previous scope, any instance of a variable with that name that had
been shadowed will become visible.
- The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0,
- defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that
+ The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0,
+ defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that
exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.
- If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
- completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
- tion call. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed
+ If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
+ completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
+ tion call. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed
before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the
- positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
+ positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
values they had prior to the function's execution.
- Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
+ Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt builtin commands. The -\b-F\bF option to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\be-\b-
- s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
- and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
- may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with
- the -\b-f\bf option to the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. A function definition may be
+ s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
+ and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
+ may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with
+ the -\b-f\bf option to the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. A function definition may be
deleted using the -\b-f\bf option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin.
Functions may be recursive. The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable may be used to limit
- the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func-
- tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of
+ the depth of the function call stack and restrict the number of func-
+ tion invocations. By default, no limit is imposed on the number of
recursive calls.
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
- circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands, the (\b((\b( com-
+ The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
+ circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands, the (\b((\b( com-
pound command, and A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn). Evaluation is done in fixed-
- width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is
- trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence,
- associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol-
- lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence
+ width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0 is
+ trapped and flagged as an error. The operators and their precedence,
+ associativity, and values are the same as in the C language. The fol-
+ lowing list of operators is grouped into levels of equal-precedence
operators. The levels are listed in order of decreasing precedence.
_\bi_\bd+\b++\b+ _\bi_\bd-\b--\b-
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ,\b, _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
comma
- Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
+ Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell
- variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
- expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
+ variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
+ expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
- The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
- it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
+ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
+ it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
attribute using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-i\bi is assigned a value. A null value evaluates
- to 0. A shell variable need not have its _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute turned on
+ to 0. A shell variable need not have its _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute turned on
to be used in an expression.
Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading
- 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form
- [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal number between 2 and 64
- representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a number in that base. If
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _\bn, the digits
- greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase
+ 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form
+ [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal number between 2 and 64
+ representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a number in that base. If
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. When specifying _\bn, the digits
+ greater than 9 are represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase
letters, @, and _, in that order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36,
- lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to repre-
+ lowercase and uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to repre-
sent numbers between 10 and 35.
- Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
- parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
+ Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
+ parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
above.
C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
- and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following
- unary or binary primaries. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially
- when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; oth-
- erwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
- argument to one of the primaries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then file
- descriptor _\bn is checked. If the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries
- is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn, _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0,
+ Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
+ and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following
+ unary or binary primaries. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially
+ when they are used in expressions. If the operating system on which
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running provides these special files, bash will use them; oth-
+ erwise it will emulate them internally with this behavior: If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
+ argument to one of the primaries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then file
+ descriptor _\bn is checked. If the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries
+ is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn, _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0,
1, or 2, respectively, is checked.
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym-
bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link
itself.
- When used with [\b[[\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically using
+ When used with [\b[[\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically using
the current locale. The t\bte\bes\bst\bt command sorts using ASCII ordering.
-\b-a\ba _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
-\b-L\bL _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a symbolic link.
-\b-N\bN _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
read.
-\b-O\bO _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is owned by the effective user id.
-\b-S\bS _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a socket.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -\b-e\bef\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
bers.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -n\bnt\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 does not.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -o\bot\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
does not.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
- options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
+ options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin below.
-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
value).
-\b-R\bR _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and is a name refer-
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and is a name refer-
ence.
-\b-z\bz _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is zero.
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b==\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 =\b= _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2
- True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
- command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command,
+ True if the strings are equal. =\b= should be used with the t\bte\bes\bst\bt
+ command for POSIX conformance. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command,
this performs pattern matching as described above (C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bm-\b-
m\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs).
True if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 sorts after _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2 lexicographically.
_\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 O\bOP\bP _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2
- O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
- binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
- less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
- or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
- or negative integers. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command, _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and
- _\bA_\br_\bg_\b2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC
+ O\bOP\bP is one of -\b-e\beq\bq, -\b-n\bne\be, -\b-l\blt\bt, -\b-l\ble\be, -\b-g\bgt\bt, or -\b-g\bge\be. These arithmetic
+ binary operators return true if _\ba_\br_\bg_\b1 is equal to, not equal to,
+ less than, less than or equal to, greater than, or greater than
+ or equal to _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2, respectively. _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and _\ba_\br_\bg_\b2 may be positive
+ or negative integers. When used with the [\b[[\b[ command, _\bA_\br_\bg_\b1 and
+ _\bA_\br_\bg_\b2 are evaluated as arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC
E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above).
S\bSI\bIM\bMP\bPL\bLE\bE C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
+ When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
expansions, assignments, and redirections, from left to right.
- 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
- (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
+ 1. The words that the parser has marked as variable assignments
+ (those preceding the command name) and redirections are saved
for later processing.
- 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
- expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
- is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
+ 2. The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
+ expanded. If any words remain after expansion, the first word
+ is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words
are the arguments.
3. Redirections are performed as described above under R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN.
4. The text after the =\b= in each variable assignment undergoes tilde
expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
- expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
+ expansion, and quote removal before being assigned to the vari-
able.
If no command name results, the variable assignments affect the current
- shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ-
- ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi-
- ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a
- readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-
+ shell environment. Otherwise, the variables are added to the environ-
+ ment of the executed command and do not affect the current shell envi-
+ ronment. If any of the assignments attempts to assign a value to a
+ readonly variable, an error occurs, and the command exits with a non-
zero status.
- If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
- affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
+ If no command name results, redirections are performed, but do not
+ affect the current shell environment. A redirection error causes the
command to exit with a non-zero status.
- If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
- described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
- sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
- is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
+ If there is a command name left after expansion, execution proceeds as
+ described below. Otherwise, the command exits. If one of the expan-
+ sions contained a command substitution, the exit status of the command
+ is the exit status of the last command substitution performed. If
there were no command substitutions, the command exits with a status of
zero.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
- command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
+ After a command has been split into words, if it results in a simple
+ command and an optional list of arguments, the following actions are
taken.
- If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
- it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
- invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
- function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
+ If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to locate
+ it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that function is
+ invoked as described above in F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. If the name does not match a
+ function, the shell searches for it in the list of shell builtins. If
a match is found, that builtin is invoked.
- If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
- slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
- taining an executable file by that name. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses a hash table to
- remember the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). A full search of the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
- performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
+ If the name is neither a shell function nor a builtin, and contains no
+ slashes, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh searches each element of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for a directory con-
+ taining an executable file by that name. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses a hash table to
+ remember the full pathnames of executable files (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). A full search of the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is
+ performed only if the command is not found in the hash table. If the
search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell function
named c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd_\b_n\bno\bot\bt_\b_f\bfo\bou\bun\bnd\bd_\b_h\bha\ban\bnd\bdl\ble\be. If that function exists, it is invoked
- in a separate execution environment with the original command and the
- original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit
- status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is
+ in a separate execution environment with the original command and the
+ original command's arguments as its arguments, and the function's exit
+ status becomes the exit status of that subshell. If that function is
not defined, the shell prints an error message and returns an exit sta-
tus of 127.
- If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
+ If the search is successful, or if the command name contains one or
more slashes, the shell executes the named program in a separate execu-
tion environment. Argument 0 is set to the name given, and the remain-
ing arguments to the command are set to the arguments given, if any.
- If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
- and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
- file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it.
- This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new
- shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that
- the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh below
+ If this execution fails because the file is not in executable format,
+ and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt, a
+ file containing shell commands. A subshell is spawned to execute it.
+ This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a new
+ shell had been invoked to handle the script, with the exception that
+ the locations of commands remembered by the parent (see h\bha\bas\bsh\bh below
under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS) are retained by the child.
- If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
- line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
+ If the program is a file beginning with #\b#!\b!, the remainder of the first
+ line specifies an interpreter for the program. The shell executes the
specified interpreter on operating systems that do not handle this exe-
cutable format themselves. The arguments to the interpreter consist of
- a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
- line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
+ a single optional argument following the interpreter name on the first
+ line of the program, followed by the name of the program, followed by
the command arguments, if any.
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
+ The shell has an _\be_\bx_\be_\bc_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt, which consists of the follow-
ing:
- +\bo open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
+ +\bo open files inherited by the shell at invocation, as modified by
redirections supplied to the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin
- +\bo the current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
+ +\bo the current working directory as set by c\bcd\bd, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd, or p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd, or
inherited by the shell at invocation
- +\bo the file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
+ +\bo the file creation mode mask as set by u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk or inherited from
the shell's parent
+\bo current traps set by t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+\bo shell parameters that are set by variable assignment or with s\bse\bet\bt
or inherited from the shell's parent in the environment
- +\bo shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
+ +\bo shell functions defined during execution or inherited from the
shell's parent in the environment
- +\bo options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
+ +\bo options enabled at invocation (either by default or with com-
mand-line arguments) or by s\bse\bet\bt
+\bo options enabled by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+\bo shell aliases defined with a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs
- +\bo various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
+ +\bo various process IDs, including those of background jobs, the
value of $\b$$\b$, and the value of P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD
- When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
- executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
- sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
+ When a simple command other than a builtin or shell function is to be
+ executed, it is invoked in a separate execution environment that con-
+ sists of the following. Unless otherwise noted, the values are inher-
ited from the shell.
- +\bo the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
+ +\bo the shell's open files, plus any modifications and additions
specified by redirections to the command
+\bo the current working directory
+\bo the file creation mode mask
- +\bo shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
+ +\bo shell variables and functions marked for export, along with
variables exported for the command, passed in the environment
+\bo traps caught by the shell are reset to the values inherited from
the shell's parent, and traps ignored by the shell are ignored
- A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
+ A command invoked in this separate environment cannot affect the
shell's execution environment.
- Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
+ Command substitution, commands grouped with parentheses, and asynchro-
nous commands are invoked in a subshell environment that is a duplicate
- of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are
+ of the shell environment, except that traps caught by the shell are
reset to the values that the shell inherited from its parent at invoca-
tion. Builtin commands that are invoked as part of a pipeline are also
executed in a subshell environment. Changes made to the subshell envi-
ronment cannot affect the shell's execution environment.
Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
- the -\b-e\be option from the parent shell. When not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ the -\b-e\be option from the parent shell. When not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
clears the -\b-e\be option in such subshells.
- If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the
- default standard input for the command is the empty file _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bn_\bu_\bl_\bl.
- Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the
+ If a command is followed by a &\b& and job control is not active, the
+ default standard input for the command is the empty file _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bn_\bu_\bl_\bl.
+ Otherwise, the invoked command inherits the file descriptors of the
calling shell as modified by redirections.
E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
- When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
+ When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings called the
_\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. This is a list of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be-_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be pairs, of the form
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be.
- The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On
+ The shell provides several ways to manipulate the environment. On
invocation, the shell scans its own environment and creates a parameter
- for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child pro-
- cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
- d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
+ for each name found, automatically marking it for _\be_\bx_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt to child pro-
+ cesses. Executed commands inherit the environment. The e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands allow parameters and functions to be added to and
deleted from the environment. If the value of a parameter in the envi-
- ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment,
- replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
- consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
- fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt command, plus
+ ronment is modified, the new value becomes part of the environment,
+ replacing the old. The environment inherited by any executed command
+ consists of the shell's initial environment, whose values may be modi-
+ fied in the shell, less any pairs removed by the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt command, plus
any additions via the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-x\bx commands.
- The environment for any _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or function may be augmented
- temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
+ The environment for any _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or function may be augmented
+ temporarily by prefixing it with parameter assignments, as described
above in P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS. These assignment statements affect only the envi-
ronment seen by that command.
- If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
- parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
+ If the -\b-k\bk option is set (see the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command below), then _\ba_\bl_\bl
+ parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command, not
just those that precede the command name.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh invokes an external command, the variable _\b_ is set to the
full filename of the command and passed to that command in its environ-
ment.
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT S\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
- The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
+ The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
_\bw_\ba_\bi_\bt_\bp_\bi_\bd system call or equivalent function. Exit statuses fall between
- 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
+ 0 and 255, though, as explained below, the shell may use values above
125 specially. Exit statuses from shell builtins and compound commands
are also limited to this range. Under certain circumstances, the shell
will use special values to indicate specific failure modes.
For the shell's purposes, a command which exits with a zero exit status
- has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
- exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
+ has succeeded. An exit status of zero indicates success. A non-zero
+ exit status indicates failure. When a command terminates on a fatal
signal _\bN, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of 128+_\bN as the exit status.
- If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it
- returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
+ If a command is not found, the child process created to execute it
+ returns a status of 127. If a command is found but is not executable,
the return status is 126.
If a command fails because of an error during expansion or redirection,
the exit status is greater than zero.
- Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
- non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
- return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally
+ Shell builtin commands return a status of 0 (_\bt_\br_\bu_\be) if successful, and
+ non-zero (_\bf_\ba_\bl_\bs_\be) if an error occurs while they execute. All builtins
+ return an exit status of 2 to indicate incorrect usage, generally
invalid options or missing arguments.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed,
- unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh itself returns the exit status of the last command executed,
+ unless a syntax error occurs, in which case it exits with a non-zero
value. See also the e\bex\bxi\bit\bt builtin command below.
S\bSI\bIG\bGN\bNA\bAL\bLS\bS
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM (so that k\bki\bil\bll\bl 0\b0 does not kill an interactive shell), and S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT
- is caught and handled (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible). In
- all cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT. If job control is in effect, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ is caught and handled (so that the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin is interruptible). In
+ all cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT. If job control is in effect, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
ignores S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
Non-builtin commands run by b\bba\bas\bsh\bh have signal handlers set to the values
- inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in
- effect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to
- these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
+ inherited by the shell from its parent. When job control is not in
+ effect, asynchronous commands ignore S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT and S\bSI\bIG\bGQ\bQU\bUI\bIT\bT in addition to
+ these inherited handlers. Commands run as a result of command substi-
tution ignore the keyboard-generated job control signals S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN, S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bT-\b-
T\bTO\bOU\bU, and S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTS\bST\bTP\bP.
- The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
- an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
+ The shell exits by default upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. Before exiting,
+ an interactive shell resends the S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs, running or
stopped. Stopped jobs are sent S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT to ensure that they receive the
- S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
- job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn builtin
- (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or marked to not receive S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP
+ S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. To prevent the shell from sending the signal to a particular
+ job, it should be removed from the jobs table with the d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn builtin
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) or marked to not receive S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP
using d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn -\b-h\bh.
- If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set with s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
+ If the h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt shell option has been set with s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh sends a
S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an interactive login shell exits.
- If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
+ If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for
which a trap has been set, the trap will not be executed until the com-
- mand completes. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
- the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
+ mand completes. When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is waiting for an asynchronous command via
+ the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin, the reception of a signal for which a trap has been
set will cause the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin to return immediately with an exit sta-
tus greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is executed.
J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
- _\bJ_\bo_\bb _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl refers to the ability to selectively stop (_\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd) the
+ _\bJ_\bo_\bb _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl refers to the ability to selectively stop (_\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd) the
execution of processes and continue (_\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bm_\be) their execution at a later
- point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive
- interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal
+ point. A user typically employs this facility via an interactive
+ interface supplied jointly by the operating system kernel's terminal
driver and b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
- The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
- currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a
+ The shell associates a _\bj_\bo_\bb with each pipeline. It keeps a table of
+ currently executing jobs, which may be listed with the j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command.
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts a job asynchronously (in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd), it prints a
line that looks like:
[1] 25647
indicating that this job is job number 1 and that the process ID of the
last process in the pipeline associated with this job is 25647. All of
- the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
uses the _\bj_\bo_\bb abstraction as the basis for job control.
- To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
+ To facilitate the implementation of the user interface to job control,
the operating system maintains the notion of a _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bt_\be_\br_\bm_\bi_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs
_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bI_\bD. Members of this process group (processes whose process group
ID is equal to the current terminal process group ID) receive keyboard-
- generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. These processes are said to be in
- the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID
+ generated signals such as S\bSI\bIG\bGI\bIN\bNT\bT. These processes are said to be in
+ the _\bf_\bo_\br_\be_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd. _\bB_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd processes are those whose process group ID
differs from the terminal's; such processes are immune to keyboard-gen-
erated signals. Only foreground processes are allowed to read from or,
- if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal.
- Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty
- tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal
- by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the
+ if the user so specifies with stty tostop, write to the terminal.
+ Background processes which attempt to read from (write to when stty
+ tostop is in effect) the terminal are sent a S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTI\bIN\bN (\b(S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTT\bTO\bOU\bU)\b) signal
+ by the kernel's terminal driver, which, unless caught, suspends the
process.
- If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
+ If the operating system on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is running supports job control,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh contains facilities to use it. Typing the _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd character (typ-
ically ^\b^Z\bZ, Control-Z) while a process is running causes that process to
- be stopped and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
- character (typically ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
- when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be
- returned to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
- using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it in the background, the f\bfg\bg command
+ be stopped and returns control to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. Typing the _\bd_\be_\bl_\ba_\by_\be_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bs_\bp_\be_\bn_\bd
+ character (typically ^\b^Y\bY, Control-Y) causes the process to be stopped
+ when it attempts to read input from the terminal, and control to be
+ returned to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The user may then manipulate the state of this job,
+ using the b\bbg\bg command to continue it in the background, the f\bfg\bg command
to continue it in the foreground, or the k\bki\bil\bll\bl command to kill it. A ^\b^Z\bZ
takes effect immediately, and has the additional side effect of causing
pending output and typeahead to be discarded.
There are a number of ways to refer to a job in the shell. The charac-
- ter %\b% introduces a job specification (_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc). Job number _\bn may be
+ ter %\b% introduces a job specification (_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc). Job number _\bn may be
referred to as %\b%n\bn. A job may also be referred to using a prefix of the
name used to start it, or using a substring that appears in its command
- line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a stopped c\bce\be job. If a prefix
- matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the
- other hand, refers to any job containing the string c\bce\be in its command
- line. If the substring matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an
- error. The symbols %\b%%\b% and %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\b-
- _\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground
+ line. For example, %\b%c\bce\be refers to a stopped c\bce\be job. If a prefix
+ matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error. Using %\b%?\b?c\bce\be, on the
+ other hand, refers to any job containing the string c\bce\be in its command
+ line. If the substring matches more than one job, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an
+ error. The symbols %\b%%\b% and %\b%+\b+ refer to the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\b-
+ _\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb, which is the last job stopped while it was in the foreground
or started in the background. The _\bp_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bj_\bo_\bb may be referenced using
%\b%-\b-. If there is only a single job, %\b%+\b+ and %\b%-\b- can both be used to refer
- to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the
+ to that job. In output pertaining to jobs (e.g., the output of the
j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command), the current job is always flagged with a +\b+, and the pre-
- vious job with a -\b-. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica-
+ vious job with a -\b-. A single % (with no accompanying job specifica-
tion) also refers to the current job.
- Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
- a synonym for `\b``\b`f\bfg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b', bringing job 1 from the background into the
- foreground. Similarly, `\b``\b`%\b%1\b1 &\b&'\b''\b' resumes job 1 in the background,
+ Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the foreground: %\b%1\b1 is
+ a synonym for `\b``\b`f\bfg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b', bringing job 1 from the background into the
+ foreground. Similarly, `\b``\b`%\b%1\b1 &\b&'\b''\b' resumes job 1 in the background,
equivalent to `\b``\b`b\bbg\bg %\b%1\b1'\b''\b'.
- The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
+ The shell learns immediately whenever a job changes state. Normally,
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh waits until it is about to print a prompt before reporting changes
- in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -\b-b\bb
+ in a job's status so as to not interrupt any other output. If the -\b-b\bb
option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is enabled, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports such changes
- immediately. Any trap on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD is executed for each child that
+ immediately. Any trap on S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCH\bHL\bLD\bD is executed for each child that
exits.
- If an attempt to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
- c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
+ If an attempt to exit b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is made while jobs are stopped (or, if the
+ c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs shell option has been enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, run-
ning), the shell prints a warning message, and, if the c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs option
- is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
- then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
- made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
+ is enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses. The j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs command may
+ then be used to inspect their status. If a second attempt to exit is
+ made without an intervening command, the shell does not print another
warning, and any stopped jobs are terminated.
- When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin,
- and job control is enabled, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt will return when the job changes
- state. The -\b-f\bf option will force w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait until the job or process
+ When the shell is waiting for a job or process using the w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin,
+ and job control is enabled, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt will return when the job changes
+ state. The -\b-f\bf option will force w\bwa\bai\bit\bt to wait until the job or process
terminates before returning.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
When executing interactively, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays the primary prompt P\bPS\bS1\b1 when
- it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
- needs more input to complete a command. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS0\b0 after it
- reads a command but before executing it. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS4\b4 as
- described above before tracing each command when the -\b-x\bx option is
- enabled. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows these prompt strings to be customized by insert-
- ing a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded
+ it is ready to read a command, and the secondary prompt P\bPS\bS2\b2 when it
+ needs more input to complete a command. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS0\b0 after it
+ reads a command but before executing it. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh displays P\bPS\bS4\b4 as
+ described above before tracing each command when the -\b-x\bx option is
+ enabled. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows these prompt strings to be customized by insert-
+ ing a number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded
as follows:
\\b\a\ba an ASCII bell character (07)
- \\b\d\bd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
+ \\b\d\bd the date in "Weekday Month Date" format (e.g., "Tue May
26")
\\b\D\bD{\b{_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt}\b}
- the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is passed to _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) and the result is
- inserted into the prompt string; an empty _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt results
+ the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is passed to _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) and the result is
+ inserted into the prompt string; an empty _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt results
in a locale-specific time representation. The braces are
required
\\b\e\be an ASCII escape character (033)
\\b\l\bl the basename of the shell's terminal device name
\\b\n\bn newline
\\b\r\br carriage return
- \\b\s\bs the name of the shell, the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
+ \\b\s\bs the name of the shell, the basename of $\b$0\b0 (the portion
following the final slash)
\\b\t\bt the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format
\\b\T\bT the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format
\\b\u\bu the username of the current user
\\b\v\bv the version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh (e.g., 2.00)
\\b\V\bV the release of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, version + patch level (e.g., 2.00.0)
- \\b\w\bw the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated
- with a tilde (uses the value of the P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM vari-
+ \\b\w\bw the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE abbreviated
+ with a tilde (uses the value of the P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM vari-
able)
\\b\W\bW the basename of the current working directory, with $\b$H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE
abbreviated with a tilde
\\b\$\b$ if the effective UID is 0, a #\b#, otherwise a $\b$
\\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the character corresponding to the octal number _\bn_\bn_\bn
\\b\\\b\ a backslash
- \\b\[\b[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
- be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
+ \\b\[\b[ begin a sequence of non-printing characters, which could
+ be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
prompt
\\b\]\b] end a sequence of non-printing characters
- The command number and the history number are usually different: the
- history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
- may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
- below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of
- commands executed during the current shell session. After the string
- is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu-
- tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of
- the p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs shell option (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt command
+ The command number and the history number are usually different: the
+ history number of a command is its position in the history list, which
+ may include commands restored from the history file (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
+ below), while the command number is the position in the sequence of
+ commands executed during the current shell session. After the string
+ is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of
+ the p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs shell option (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt command
under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
- This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
+ This is the library that handles reading input when using an interac-
tive shell, unless the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option is given at shell invocation.
Line editing is also used when using the -\b-e\be option to the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin.
By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs. A
vi-style line editing interface is also available. Line editing can be
- enabled at any time using the -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). To turn off line editing
- after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the
+ enabled at any time using the -\b-o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or -\b-o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). To turn off line editing
+ after the shell is running, use the +\b+o\bo e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or +\b+o\bo v\bvi\bi options to the
s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be N\bNo\bot\bta\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote keystrokes.
- Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
- larly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
- boards without a _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Escape key
+ Control keys are denoted by C-_\bk_\be_\by, e.g., C-n means Control-N. Simi-
+ larly, _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba keys are denoted by M-_\bk_\be_\by, so M-x means Meta-X. (On key-
+ boards without a _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba key, M-_\bx means ESC _\bx, i.e., press the Escape key
then the _\bx key. This makes ESC the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. The combination M-C-_\bx
- means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
+ means ESC-Control-_\bx, or press the Escape key then hold the Control key
while pressing the _\bx key.)
Readline commands may be given numeric _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, which normally act as
- a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
- that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
- acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) causes that command to
- act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
+ a repeat count. Sometimes, however, it is the sign of the argument
+ that is significant. Passing a negative argument to a command that
+ acts in the forward direction (e.g., k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be) causes that command to
+ act in a backward direction. Commands whose behavior with arguments
deviates from this are noted below.
- When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
+ When a command is described as _\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg text, the text deleted is saved
for possible future retrieval (_\by_\ba_\bn_\bk_\bi_\bn_\bg). The killed text is saved in a
_\bk_\bi_\bl_\bl _\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Consecutive kills cause the text to be accumulated into one
unit, which can be yanked all at once. Commands which do not kill text
separate the chunks of text on the kill ring.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be I\bIn\bni\bit\bti\bia\bal\bli\biz\bza\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
- Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
- (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
- the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
- _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline library starts up,
+ Readline is customized by putting commands in an initialization file
+ (the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file). The name of this file is taken from the value of
+ the I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC variable. If that variable is unset, the default is
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc. When a program which uses the readline library starts up,
the initialization file is read, and the key bindings and variables are
- set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline
- initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a
- #\b# are comments. Lines beginning with a $\b$ indicate conditional con-
+ set. There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the readline
+ initialization file. Blank lines are ignored. Lines beginning with a
+ #\b# are comments. Lines beginning with a $\b$ indicate conditional con-
structs. Other lines denote key bindings and variable settings.
- The default key-bindings may be changed with an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Other
+ The default key-bindings may be changed with an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file. Other
programs that use this library may add their own commands and bindings.
For example, placing
M-Control-u: universal-argument
or
C-Meta-u: universal-argument
- into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
+ into the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc would make M-C-u execute the readline command _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\b-
_\bs_\ba_\bl_\b-_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt.
- The following symbolic character names are recognized: _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bD_\bE_\bL,
+ The following symbolic character names are recognized: _\bR_\bU_\bB_\bO_\bU_\bT, _\bD_\bE_\bL,
_\bE_\bS_\bC, _\bL_\bF_\bD, _\bN_\bE_\bW_\bL_\bI_\bN_\bE, _\bR_\bE_\bT, _\bR_\bE_\bT_\bU_\bR_\bN, _\bS_\bP_\bC, _\bS_\bP_\bA_\bC_\bE, and _\bT_\bA_\bB.
- In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
+ In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound to a
string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo).
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be K\bKe\bey\by B\bBi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bgs\bs
- The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
- All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
+ The syntax for controlling key bindings in the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file is simple.
+ All that is required is the name of the command or the text of a macro
and a key sequence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-
fied in one of two ways: as a symbolic key name, possibly with _\bM_\be_\bt_\ba_\b- or
_\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl_\b- prefixes, or as a key sequence.
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "> output"
- In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
- _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
- run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
+ In the above example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt,
+ _\bM_\b-_\bD_\bE_\bL is bound to the function b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd, and _\bC_\b-_\bo is bound to
+ run the macro expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the
text ``> output'' into the line).
- In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
- from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
- be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
- Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
+ In the second form, "\b"k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq"\b":_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or _\bm_\ba_\bc_\br_\bo, k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq differs
+ from k\bke\bey\byn\bna\bam\bme\be above in that strings denoting an entire key sequence may
+ be specified by placing the sequence within double quotes. Some GNU
+ Emacs style key escapes can be used, as in the following example, but
the symbolic character names are not recognized.
"\C-u": universal-argument
"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
In this example, _\bC_\b-_\bu is again bound to the function u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt.
- _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
+ _\bC_\b-_\bx _\bC_\b-_\br is bound to the function r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be, and _\bE_\bS_\bC _\b[ _\b1 _\b1 _\b~ is
bound to insert the text ``Function Key 1''.
The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is
\\b\"\b" literal "
\\b\'\b' literal '
- In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
+ In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of
backslash escapes is available:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\r\br carriage return
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
- \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must be used
to indicate a macro definition. Unquoted text is assumed to be a func-
- tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
- are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
+ tion name. In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above
+ are expanded. Backslash will quote any other character in the macro
text, including " and '.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
- fied with the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
- during interactive use by using the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh allows the current readline key bindings to be displayed or modi-
+ fied with the b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd builtin command. The editing mode may be switched
+ during interactive use by using the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
s\bse\bet\bt _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
- Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
- (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
- When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
+ Except where noted, readline variables can take the values O\bOn\bn or O\bOf\bff\bf
+ (without regard to case). Unrecognized variable names are ignored.
+ When a variable value is read, empty or null values, "on" (case-insen-
sitive), and "1" are equivalent to O\bOn\bn. All other values are equivalent
to O\bOf\bff\bf. The variables and their default values are:
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be (\b(a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be)\b)
- Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
+ Controls what happens when readline wants to ring the terminal
bell. If set to n\bno\bon\bne\be, readline never rings the bell. If set to
- v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
+ v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline uses a visible bell if one is available. If
set to a\bau\bud\bdi\bib\bbl\ble\be, readline attempts to ring the terminal's bell.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd-\b-t\btt\bty\by-\b-s\bsp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to bind the control characters
treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their read-
line equivalents.
b\bbl\bli\bin\bnk\bk-\b-m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg-\b-p\bpa\bar\bre\ben\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline attempts to briefly move the cursor to an
opening parenthesis when a closing parenthesis is inserted.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, readline displays the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, when listing completions, readline displays the
common prefix of the set of possible completions using a differ-
- ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
+ ent color. The color definitions are taken from the value of
the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment variable.
c\bco\bol\blo\bor\bre\bed\bd-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline displays possible completions using dif-
- ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
- tions are taken from the value of the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline displays possible completions using dif-
+ ferent colors to indicate their file type. The color defini-
+ tions are taken from the value of the L\bLS\bS_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLO\bOR\bRS\bS environment
variable.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn (\b(`\b``\b`#\b#'\b''\b')\b)
- The string that is inserted when the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt
+ The string that is inserted when the readline i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt
command is executed. This command is bound to M\bM-\b-#\b# in emacs mode
and to #\b# in vi command mode.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-w\bwi\bid\bdt\bth\bh (\b(-\b-1\b1)\b)
- The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
- when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
- than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
- will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default
+ The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
+ when performing completion. The value is ignored if it is less
+ than 0 or greater than the terminal screen width. A value of 0
+ will cause matches to be displayed one per line. The default
value is -1.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-m\bma\bap\bp-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, readline
- treats hyphens (_\b-) and underscores (_\b_) as equivalent when per-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, and c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be-\b-c\bca\bas\bse\be is enabled, readline
+ treats hyphens (_\b-) and underscores (_\b_) as equivalent when per-
forming case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh (\b(0\b0)\b)
- The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
- sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
- set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
- this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
+ The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of pos-
+ sible completions that is displayed without modification. When
+ set to a value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than
+ this value are replaced with an ellipsis when displaying possi-
ble completions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn-\b-q\bqu\bue\ber\bry\by-\b-i\bit\bte\bem\bms\bs (\b(1\b10\b00\b0)\b)
- This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
- ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
- t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
- or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
+ This determines when the user is queried about viewing the num-
+ ber of possible completions generated by the p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\be-\b-
+ t\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs command. It may be set to any integer value greater than
+ or equal to zero. If the number of possible completions is
greater than or equal to the value of this variable, the user is
- asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are
+ asked whether or not he wishes to view them; otherwise they are
simply listed on the terminal.
c\bco\bon\bnv\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will convert characters with the eighth
bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth bit and
- prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
- _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx). The default is _\bO_\bn, but readline will set it to
+ prefixing an escape character (in effect, using escape as the
+ _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx). The default is _\bO_\bn, but readline will set it to
_\bO_\bf_\bf if the locale contains eight-bit characters.
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will inhibit word completion. Completion
- characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
+ characters will be inserted into the line as if they had been
mapped to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo-\b-c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\brs\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, on operating systems that indicate they support
it, readline echoes a character corresponding to a signal gener-
ated from the keyboard.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
ilar to _\bE_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs or _\bv_\bi. e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be can be set to either e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs or
v\bvi\bi.
e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b(@\b@)\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
when emacs editing mode is active. The value is expanded like a
- key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes
- and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2
- escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters,
- which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
+ key binding, so the standard set of meta- and control prefixes
+ and backslash escape sequences is available. Use the \1 and \2
+ escapes to begin and end sequences of non-printing characters,
+ which can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the
mode string.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bck\bke\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-p\bpa\bas\bst\bte\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will configure the terminal in a way
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will configure the terminal in a way
that will enable it to insert each paste into the editing buffer
as a single string of characters, instead of treating each char-
- acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre-
- vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com-
+ acter as if it had been read from the keyboard. This can pre-
+ vent pasted characters from being interpreted as editing com-
mands.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-k\bke\bey\byp\bpa\bad\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable the application key-
- pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
+ pad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
arrow keys.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-k\bke\bey\by (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
- key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, readline will try to enable any meta modifier
+ key the terminal claims to support when it is called. On many
terminals, the meta key is used to send eight-bit characters.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, tilde expansion is performed when readline
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, tilde expansion is performed when readline
attempts word completion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bes\bse\ber\brv\bve\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
- same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, the history code attempts to place point at the
+ same location on each history line retrieved with p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
t\bto\bor\bry\by or n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsi\biz\bze\be (\b(u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt)\b)
- Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
- list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
+ Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history
+ list. If set to zero, any existing history entries are deleted
and no new entries are saved. If set to a value less than zero,
- the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the
- number of history entries is set to the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by_\b-_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be to a
+ the number of history entries is not limited. By default, the
+ number of history entries is set to the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
+ shell variable. If an attempt is made to set _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by_\b-_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be to a
non-numeric value, the maximum number of history entries will be
set to 500.
h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bro\bol\bll\bl-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- When set to O\bOn\bn, makes readline use a single line for display,
+ When set to O\bOn\bn, makes readline use a single line for display,
scrolling the input horizontally on a single screen line when it
- becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
+ becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a
new line.
i\bin\bnp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
- will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads),
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will enable eight-bit input (that is, it
+ will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads),
regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The name
- m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bfl\bla\bag\bg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf,
- but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale contains eight-bit
+ m\bme\bet\bta\ba-\b-f\bfl\bla\bag\bg is a synonym for this variable. The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf,
+ but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale contains eight-bit
characters.
i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs (\b(`\b``\b`C\bC-\b-[\b[C\bC-\b-J\bJ'\b''\b')\b)
- The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
- search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
- mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
+ The string of characters that should terminate an incremental
+ search without subsequently executing the character as a com-
+ mand. If this variable has not been given a value, the charac-
ters _\bE_\bS_\bC and _\bC_\b-_\bJ will terminate an incremental search.
k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp (\b(e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs)\b)
- Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
- is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
- _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
- equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
+ Set the current readline keymap. The set of valid keymap names
+ is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
+ equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd. The default value is _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs; the
value of e\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be also affects the default keymap.
k\bke\bey\bys\bse\beq\bq-\b-t\bti\bim\bme\beo\bou\but\bt (\b(5\b50\b00\b0)\b)
- Specifies the duration _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait for a character when
- reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
+ Specifies the duration _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait for a character when
+ reading an ambiguous key sequence (one that can form a complete
key sequence using the input read so far, or can take additional
- input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is
- received within the timeout, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will use the shorter but
- complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds,
- so a value of 1000 means that _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait one second for
- additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than
- or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait
- until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to
+ input to complete a longer key sequence). If no input is
+ received within the timeout, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will use the shorter but
+ complete key sequence. The value is specified in milliseconds,
+ so a value of 1000 means that _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait one second for
+ additional input. If this variable is set to a value less than
+ or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric value, _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will wait
+ until another key is pressed to decide which key sequence to
complete.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed directory names have a slash appended.
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, history lines that have been modified are dis-
played with a preceding asterisk (*\b*).
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
If set to O\bOn\bn, completed names which are symbolic links to direc-
- tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
+ tories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs).
m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bid\bdd\bde\ben\bn-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\bes\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
- whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
- filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the leading `.' must be
+ This variable, when set to O\bOn\bn, causes readline to match files
+ whose names begin with a `.' (hidden files) when performing
+ filename completion. If set to O\bOf\bff\bf, the leading `.' must be
supplied by the user in the filename to be completed.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, menu completion displays the common prefix of the
list of possible completions (which may be empty) before cycling
through the list.
o\bou\but\btp\bpu\but\bt-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display characters with the eighth
bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape sequence.
The default is _\bO_\bf_\bf, but readline will set it to _\bO_\bn if the locale
contains eight-bit characters.
p\bpa\bag\bge\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(O\bOn\bn)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline uses an internal _\bm_\bo_\br_\be-like pager to dis-
play a screenful of possible completions at a time.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bll\bly\by (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
- sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will display completions with matches
+ sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the
screen.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-a\bat\bt-\b-n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, readline will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be is executed. By default, his-
- tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
+ tory lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists
across calls to r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions.
If set to O\bOn\bn, words which have more than one possible completion
- cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
+ cause the matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing
the bell.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-u\bun\bnm\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\bed\bd (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
+ This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
a fashion similar to s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-a\bal\bll\bl-\b-i\bif\bf-\b-a\bam\bmb\bbi\big\bgu\buo\bou\bus\bs. If set to O\bOn\bn, words
- which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
- ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
- common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately
+ which have more than one possible completion without any possi-
+ ble partial completion (the possible completions don't share a
+ common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately
instead of ringing the bell.
s\bsh\bho\bow\bw-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-i\bin\bn-\b-p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi-
- cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion.
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, add a string to the beginning of the prompt indi-
+ cating the editing mode: emacs, vi command, or vi insertion.
The mode strings are user-settable (e.g., _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg).
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\bed\bd-\b-t\bte\bex\bxt\bt (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
- inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
- performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
- readline does not insert characters from the completion that
- match characters after point in the word being completed, so
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, this alters the default completion behavior when
+ inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
+ performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled,
+ readline does not insert characters from the completion that
+ match characters after point in the word being completed, so
portions of the word following the cursor are not duplicated.
v\bvi\bi-\b-c\bcm\bmd\bd-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b((\b(c\bcm\bmd\bd)\b))\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
- when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value
+ when vi editing mode is active and in command mode. The value
is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
- control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
- Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
- printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
+ control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
+ Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
+ printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
trol sequence into the mode string.
v\bvi\bi-\b-i\bin\bns\bs-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg (\b((\b(i\bin\bns\bs)\b))\b)
- If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
+ If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be_\b-_\bi_\bn_\b-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt variable is enabled, this string is
displayed immediately before the last line of the primary prompt
when vi editing mode is active and in insertion mode. The value
is expanded like a key binding, so the standard set of meta- and
- control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
- Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
- printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
+ control prefixes and backslash escape sequences is available.
+ Use the \1 and \2 escapes to begin and end sequences of non-
+ printing characters, which can be used to embed a terminal con-
trol sequence into the mode string.
v\bvi\bis\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-s\bst\bta\bat\bts\bs (\b(O\bOf\bff\bf)\b)
- If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
- _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
+ If set to O\bOn\bn, a character denoting a file's type as reported by
+ _\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt(2) is appended to the filename when listing possible com-
pletions.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bon\bnd\bdi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl C\bCo\bon\bns\bst\btr\bru\buc\bct\bts\bs
- Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
- compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
- and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
+ Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
+ compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key bindings
+ and variable settings to be performed as the result of tests. There
are four parser directives used.
- $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
- ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
+ $\b$i\bif\bf The $\b$i\bif\bf construct allows bindings to be made based on the edit-
+ ing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
readline. The text of the test, after any comparison operator,
- extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no
+ extends to the end of the line; unless otherwise noted, no
characters are required to isolate it.
- m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
- whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
- used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for
- instance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
- _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
+ m\bmo\bod\bde\be The m\bmo\bod\bde\be=\b= form of the $\b$i\bif\bf directive is used to test
+ whether readline is in emacs or vi mode. This may be
+ used in conjunction with the s\bse\bet\bt k\bke\bey\bym\bma\bap\bp command, for
+ instance, to set bindings in the _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd and
+ _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx keymaps only if readline is starting out in
emacs mode.
- t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
+ t\bte\ber\brm\bm The t\bte\ber\brm\bm=\b= form may be used to include terminal-specific
key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by
the terminal's function keys. The word on the right side
of the =\b= is tested against both the full name of the ter-
- minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
- first -\b-. This allows _\bs_\bu_\bn to match both _\bs_\bu_\bn and _\bs_\bu_\bn_\b-_\bc_\bm_\bd,
+ minal and the portion of the terminal name before the
+ first -\b-. This allows _\bs_\bu_\bn to match both _\bs_\bu_\bn and _\bs_\bu_\bn_\b-_\bc_\bm_\bd,
for instance.
v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn test may be used to perform comparisons
- against specific readline versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
- to the current readline version. The set of comparison
- operators includes =\b=, (and =\b==\b=), !\b!=\b=, <\b<=\b=, >\b>=\b=, <\b<, and >\b>.
- The version number supplied on the right side of the
- operator consists of a major version number, an optional
+ The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn test may be used to perform comparisons
+ against specific readline versions. The v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn expands
+ to the current readline version. The set of comparison
+ operators includes =\b=, (and =\b==\b=), !\b!=\b=, <\b<=\b=, >\b>=\b=, <\b<, and >\b>.
+ The version number supplied on the right side of the
+ operator consists of a major version number, an optional
decimal point, and an optional minor version (e.g., 7\b7.\b.1\b1).
- If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 0\b0.
+ If the minor version is omitted, it is assumed to be 0\b0.
The operator may be separated from the string v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn and
from the version number argument by whitespace.
a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn
The a\bap\bpp\bpl\bli\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn construct is used to include application-
specific settings. Each program using the readline
- library sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
+ library sets the _\ba_\bp_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and an initialization
file can test for a particular value. This could be used
- to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
- program. For instance, the following command adds a key
- sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
+ to bind key sequences to functions useful for a specific
+ program. For instance, the following command adds a key
+ sequence that quotes the current or previous word in
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh:
$\b$i\bif\bf Bash
_\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be
The _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be construct provides simple equality tests for
- readline variables and values. The permitted comparison
- operators are _\b=, _\b=_\b=, and _\b!_\b=. The variable name must be
+ readline variables and values. The permitted comparison
+ operators are _\b=, _\b=_\b=, and _\b!_\b=. The variable name must be
separated from the comparison operator by whitespace; the
- operator may be separated from the value on the right
- hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari-
- ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested
+ operator may be separated from the value on the right
+ hand side by whitespace. Both string and boolean vari-
+ ables may be tested. Boolean variables must be tested
against the values _\bo_\bn and _\bo_\bf_\bf.
$\b$e\ben\bnd\bdi\bif\bf This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an $\b$i\bif\bf
test fails.
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be
- This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
- commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
+ This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads
+ commands and bindings from that file. For example, the follow-
ing directive would read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc:
$\b$i\bin\bnc\bcl\blu\bud\bde\be _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
S\bSe\bea\bar\brc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
- Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
+ Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
(see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below) for lines containing a specified string. There are
two search modes: _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl and _\bn_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bc_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bl.
- Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
- search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
+ Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
+ search string. As each character of the search string is typed, read-
line displays the next entry from the history matching the string typed
- so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
- needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
- the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used to terminate an
+ so far. An incremental search requires only as many characters as
+ needed to find the desired history entry. The characters present in
+ the value of the i\bis\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-t\bte\ber\brm\bmi\bin\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs variable are used to terminate an
incremental search. If that variable has not been assigned a value the
- Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
- Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
- line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
+ Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incremental search.
+ Control-G will abort an incremental search and restore the original
+ line. When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
search string becomes the current line.
- To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
- Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
- history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
- Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
- search and execute that command. For instance, a _\bn_\be_\bw_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will termi-
+ To find other matching entries in the history list, type Control-S or
+ Control-R as appropriate. This will search backward or forward in the
+ history for the next entry matching the search string typed so far.
+ Any other key sequence bound to a readline command will terminate the
+ search and execute that command. For instance, a _\bn_\be_\bw_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be will termi-
nate the search and accept the line, thereby executing the command from
the history list.
Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two Control-
- Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
+ Rs are typed without any intervening characters defining a new search
string, any remembered search string is used.
- Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
- to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
+ Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
+ to search for matching history lines. The search string may be typed
by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs
- The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
+ The following is a list of the names of the commands and the default
key sequences to which they are bound. Command names without an accom-
panying key sequence are unbound by default. In the following descrip-
- tions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to
- a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk command. The text between the
+ tions, _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt refers to the current cursor position, and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk refers to
+ a cursor position saved by the s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk command. The text between the
point and mark is referred to as the _\br_\be_\bg_\bi_\bo_\bn.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMo\bov\bvi\bin\bng\bg
Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-b\bb)\b)
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are composed of alphanumeric characters (letters and digits).
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
+ Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are delimited
by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
+ Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words
are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
- previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired
- effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than
- one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of
+ Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
+ previous physical screen line. This will not have the desired
+ effect if the current Readline line does not take up more than
+ one physical line or if point is not greater than the length of
the prompt plus the screen width.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
+ Attempt to move point to the same physical screen column on the
next physical screen line. This will not have the desired effect
- if the current Readline line does not take up more than one
- physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is
+ if the current Readline line does not take up more than one
+ physical line or if the length of the current Readline line is
not greater than the length of the prompt plus the screen width.
c\bcl\ble\bea\bar\br-\b-s\bsc\bcr\bre\bee\ben\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the
- screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without
+ Clear the screen leaving the current line at the top of the
+ screen. With an argument, refresh the current line without
clearing the screen.
r\bre\bed\bdr\bra\baw\bw-\b-c\bcu\bur\brr\bre\ben\bnt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Refresh the current line.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br M\bMa\ban\bni\bip\bpu\bul\bla\bat\bti\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be H\bHi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by
a\bac\bcc\bce\bep\bpt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(N\bNe\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be,\b, R\bRe\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn)\b)
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line
- is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
- of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL variable. If the line is a modified history
+ is non-empty, add it to the history list according to the state
+ of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL variable. If the line is a modified history
line, then restore the history line to its original state.
p\bpr\bre\bev\bvi\bio\bou\bus\bs-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-p\bp)\b)
Fetch the previous command from the history list, moving back in
the list.
n\bne\bex\bxt\bt-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
+ Fetch the next command from the history list, moving forward in
the list.
b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-<\b<)\b)
Move to the first line in the history.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-o\bof\bf-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b->\b>)\b)
- Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
+ Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
being entered.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(C\bC-\b-s\bs)\b)
- Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
- through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
+ Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
+ through the history as necessary. This is an incremental
search.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brs\bse\be-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-p\bp)\b)
Search backward through the history starting at the current line
- using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
+ using a non-incremental search for a string supplied by the
user.
n\bno\bon\bn-\b-i\bin\bnc\bcr\bre\bem\bme\ben\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-n\bn)\b)
- Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
+ Search forward through the history using a non-incremental
search for a string supplied by the user.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
+ between the start of the current line and the point. This is a
non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
- between the start of the current line and the current cursor
+ between the start of the current line and the current cursor
position (the _\bp_\bo_\bi_\bn_\bt). The search string may match anywhere in a
history line. This is a non-incremental search.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Search forward through the history for the string of characters
+ Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point. The search
- string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-
+ string may match anywhere in a history line. This is a non-
incremental search.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
- Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
+ Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually the
second word on the previous line) at point. With an argument _\bn,
- insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
- previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument
+ insert the _\bnth word from the previous command (the words in the
+ previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument
inserts the _\bnth word from the end of the previous command. Once
- the argument _\bn is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
+ the argument _\bn is computed, the argument is extracted as if the
"!_\bn" history expansion had been specified.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
- Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
+ Insert the last argument to the previous command (the last word
of the previous history entry). With a numeric argument, behave
- exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
- move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
- the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
+ exactly like y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-n\bnt\bth\bh-\b-a\bar\brg\bg. Successive calls to y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg
+ move back through the history list, inserting the last word (or
+ the word specified by the argument to the first call) of each
line in turn. Any numeric argument supplied to these successive
- calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
- negative argument switches the direction through the history
+ calls determines the direction to move through the history. A
+ negative argument switches the direction through the history
(back or forward). The history expansion facilities are used to
extract the last word, as if the "!$" history expansion had been
specified.
tory expansion as well as all of the shell word expansions. See
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-^\b^)\b)
- Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
+ Perform history expansion on the current line. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history expansion.
m\bma\bag\bgi\bic\bc-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be
- Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
+ Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a
space. See H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below for a description of history
expansion.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
+ Perform alias expansion on the current line. See A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS above
for a description of alias expansion.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-.\b.,\b, M\bM-\b-_\b_)\b)
A synonym for y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bg.
o\bop\bpe\ber\bra\bat\bte\be-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-g\bge\bet\bt-\b-n\bne\bex\bxt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-o\bo)\b)
- Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
- relative to the current line from the history for editing. A
- numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to
+ Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
+ relative to the current line from the history for editing. A
+ numeric argument, if supplied, specifies the history entry to
use instead of the current line.
e\bed\bdi\bit\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-e\bex\bxe\bec\bcu\but\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-e\be)\b)
- Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
- result as shell commands. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to invoke $\b$V\bVI\bIS\bSU\bUA\bAL\bL,
+ Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the
+ result as shell commands. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to invoke $\b$V\bVI\bIS\bSU\bUA\bAL\bL,
$\b$E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR, and _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs as the editor, in that order.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs f\bfo\bor\br C\bCh\bha\ban\bng\bgi\bin\bng\bg T\bTe\bex\bxt\bt
_\be_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bo_\bf_\b-_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be (\b(u\bus\bsu\bua\bal\bll\bly\by C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
- The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
- ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac-
- ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line,
+ The character indicating end-of-file as set, for example, by
+ ``stty''. If this character is read when there are no charac-
+ ters on the line, and point is at the beginning of the line,
Readline interprets it as the end of input and returns E\bEO\bOF\bF.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(C\bC-\b-d\bd)\b)
Delete the character at point. If this function is bound to the
same character as the tty E\bEO\bOF\bF character, as C\bC-\b-d\bd commonly is, see
above for the effects.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br (\b(R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
+ Delete the character behind the cursor. When given a numeric
argument, save the deleted text on the kill ring.
f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br
- Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
+ Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at
the end of the line, in which case the character behind the cur-
sor is deleted.
q\bqu\buo\bot\bte\bed\bd-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-q\bq,\b, C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
- Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
+ Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is how
to insert characters like C\bC-\b-q\bq, for example.
t\bta\bab\bb-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-v\bv T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
Insert a tab character.
s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt (\b(a\ba,\b, b\bb,\b, A\bA,\b, 1\b1,\b, !\b!,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
Insert the character typed.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the character before point forward over the character at
- point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
- the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
+ Drag the character before point forward over the character at
+ point, moving point forward as well. If point is at the end of
+ the line, then this transposes the two characters before point.
Negative arguments have no effect.
t\btr\bra\ban\bns\bsp\bpo\bos\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bds\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-t\bt)\b)
- Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
- point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
+ Drag the word before point past the word after point, moving
+ point over that word as well. If point is at the end of the
line, this transposes the last two words on the line.
u\bup\bpc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
+ Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
argument, uppercase the previous word, but do not move point.
d\bdo\bow\bwn\bnc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-l\bl)\b)
- Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
+ Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative
argument, lowercase the previous word, but do not move point.
c\bca\bap\bpi\bit\bta\bal\bli\biz\bze\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-c\bc)\b)
- Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative
+ Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative
argument, capitalize the previous word, but do not move point.
o\bov\bve\ber\brw\bwr\bri\bit\bte\be-\b-m\bmo\bod\bde\be
- Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
+ Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argu-
ment, switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive
numeric argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects
- only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
+ only e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs mode; v\bvi\bi mode does overwrite differently. Each call
to _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b(_\b) starts in insert mode. In overwrite mode, charac-
- ters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the text at point rather than
- pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bk-\b-
- w\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character before point with a
+ ters bound to s\bse\bel\blf\bf-\b-i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt replace the text at point rather than
+ pushing the text to the right. Characters bound to b\bba\bac\bck\bk-\b-
+ w\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br replace the character before point with a
space. By default, this command is unbound.
K\bKi\bil\bll\bli\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd Y\bYa\ban\bnk\bki\bin\bng\bg
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be-\b-d\bdi\bis\bsc\bca\bar\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
- Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
+ Kill backward from point to the beginning of the line. The
killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwh\bho\bol\ble\be-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be
- Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
+ Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point
is.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-d\bd)\b)
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-R\bRu\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt)\b)
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
- words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
+ Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
+ words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the
same as those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
+ Kill the word behind point. Word boundaries are the same as
those used by s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-w\bw)\b)
- Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word bound-
ary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
u\bun\bni\bix\bx-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-r\bru\bub\bbo\bou\but\bt
- Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
- character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
+ Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash
+ character as the word boundaries. The killed text is saved on
the kill-ring.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bor\bri\biz\bzo\bon\bnt\bta\bal\bl-\b-s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be (\b(M\bM-\b-\\b\)\b)
Delete all spaces and tabs around point.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-r\bre\beg\bgi\bio\bon\bn-\b-a\bas\bs-\b-k\bki\bil\bll\bl
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
+ Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. The word bound-
aries are the same as b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
c\bco\bop\bpy\by-\b-f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd
- Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
+ Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. The word
boundaries are the same as f\bfo\bor\brw\bwa\bar\brd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-y\by)\b)
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp (\b(M\bM-\b-y\by)\b)
- Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
+ Rotate the kill ring, and yank the new top. Only works follow-
ing y\bya\ban\bnk\bk or y\bya\ban\bnk\bk-\b-p\bpo\bop\bp.
N\bNu\bum\bme\ber\bri\bic\bc A\bAr\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-0\b0,\b, M\bM-\b-1\b1,\b, .\b..\b..\b.,\b, M\bM-\b--\b-)\b)
- Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
+ Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a
new argument. M-- starts a negative argument.
u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt
- This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
- followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
- sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
- lowed by digits, executing u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt again ends the
- numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case,
- if this command is immediately followed by a character that is
- neither a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
- command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
- one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
+ This is another way to specify an argument. If this command is
+ followed by one or more digits, optionally with a leading minus
+ sign, those digits define the argument. If the command is fol-
+ lowed by digits, executing u\bun\bni\biv\bve\ber\brs\bsa\bal\bl-\b-a\bar\brg\bgu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bt again ends the
+ numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. As a special case,
+ if this command is immediately followed by a character that is
+ neither a digit nor minus sign, the argument count for the next
+ command is multiplied by four. The argument count is initially
+ one, so executing this function the first time makes the argu-
ment count four, a second time makes the argument count sixteen,
and so on.
C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be (\b(T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
+ Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh
attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text
- begins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname
- (if the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases and
+ begins with $\b$), username (if the text begins with ~\b~), hostname
+ (if the text begins with @\b@), or command (including aliases and
functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename
completion is attempted.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-?\b?)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-*\b*)\b)
- Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
+ Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
been generated by p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
- a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
- execution of m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
- completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
+ Similar to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but replaces the word to be completed with
+ a single match from the list of possible completions. Repeated
+ execution of m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be steps through the list of possible
+ completions, inserting each match in turn. At the end of the
list of completions, the bell is rung (subject to the setting of
b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be) and the original text is restored. An argument of _\bn
- moves _\bn positions forward in the list of matches; a negative
- argument may be used to move backward through the list. This
- command is intended to be bound to T\bTA\bAB\bB, but is unbound by
+ moves _\bn positions forward in the list of matches; a negative
+ argument may be used to move backward through the list. This
+ command is intended to be bound to T\bTA\bAB\bB, but is unbound by
default.
m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd
- Identical to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
- of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
+ Identical to m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be, but moves backward through the list
+ of possible completions, as if m\bme\ben\bnu\bu-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be had been given a
negative argument. This command is unbound by default.
d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br-\b-o\bor\br-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt
- Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
- or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). If at the end of the
+ Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning
+ or end of the line (like d\bde\bel\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bch\bha\bar\br). If at the end of the
line, behaves identically to p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs. This command
is unbound by default.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-/\b/)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a filename.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-~\b~)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
username.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-u\bus\bse\ber\brn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx ~\b~)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a username.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be (\b(M\bM-\b-$\b$)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
shell variable.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx $\b$)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a shell variable.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be (\b(M\bM-\b-@\b@)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
hostname.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx @\b@)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a hostname.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-!\b!)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
- command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
- against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, treating it as a
+ command name. Command completion attempts to match the text
+ against aliases, reserved words, shell functions, shell
builtins, and finally executable filenames, in that order.
p\bpo\bos\bss\bsi\bib\bbl\ble\be-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx !\b!)\b)
List the possible completions of the text before point, treating
it as a command name.
d\bdy\byn\bna\bam\bmi\bic\bc-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by (\b(M\bM-\b-T\bTA\bAB\bB)\b)
- Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
- against lines from the history list for possible completion
+ Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing the text
+ against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
d\bda\bab\bbb\bbr\bre\bev\bv-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
+ Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing the
text against lines from the history list for possible completion
matches.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-i\bin\bnt\bto\bo-\b-b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bes\bs (\b(M\bM-\b-{\b{)\b)
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible com-
- pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
+ pletions enclosed within braces so the list is available to the
shell (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
K\bKe\bey\byb\bbo\boa\bar\brd\bd M\bMa\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
s\bst\bta\bar\brt\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx (\b()\b)
- Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
+ Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard
macro.
e\ben\bnd\bd-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx )\b))\b)
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
and store the definition.
c\bca\bal\bll\bl-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx e\be)\b)
- Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
+ Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b()\b)
- Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
+ Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for
the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
M\bMi\bis\bsc\bce\bel\bll\bla\ban\bne\beo\bou\bus\bs
r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
- Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
+ Read in the contents of the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file, and incorporate any
bindings or variable assignments found there.
a\bab\bbo\bor\brt\bt (\b(C\bC-\b-g\bg)\b)
- Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
+ Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal's bell
(subject to the setting of b\bbe\bel\bll\bl-\b-s\bst\bty\byl\ble\be).
d\bdo\bo-\b-l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\brc\bca\bas\bse\be-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(M\bM-\b-A\bA,\b, M\bM-\b-B\bB,\b, M\bM-\b-_\bx,\b, .\b..\b..\b.)\b)
- If the metafied character _\bx is uppercase, run the command that
+ If the metafied character _\bx is uppercase, run the command that
is bound to the corresponding metafied lowercase character. The
behavior is undefined if _\bx is already lowercase.
p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx-\b-m\bme\bet\bta\ba (\b(E\bES\bSC\bC)\b)
u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-_\b_,\b, C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-u\bu)\b)
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
r\bre\bev\bve\ber\brt\bt-\b-l\bli\bin\bne\be (\b(M\bM-\b-r\br)\b)
- Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
- u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
+ Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the
+ u\bun\bnd\bdo\bo command enough times to return the line to its initial
state.
t\bti\bil\bld\bde\be-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-&\b&)\b)
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
s\bse\bet\bt-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-@\b@,\b, M\bM-\b-<\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>)\b)
- Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ Set the mark to the point. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the mark is set to that position.
e\bex\bxc\bch\bha\ban\bng\bge\be-\b-p\bpo\boi\bin\bnt\bt-\b-a\ban\bnd\bd-\b-m\bma\bar\brk\bk (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-x\bx)\b)
- Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
- set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
+ Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is
+ set to the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved
as the mark.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh (\b(C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of
- that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
+ that character. A negative count searches for previous occur-
rences.
c\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br-\b-s\bse\bea\bar\brc\bch\bh-\b-b\bba\bac\bck\bkw\bwa\bar\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-C\bC-\b-]\b])\b)
- A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
- rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
+ A character is read and point is moved to the previous occur-
+ rence of that character. A negative count searches for subse-
quent occurrences.
s\bsk\bki\bip\bp-\b-c\bcs\bsi\bi-\b-s\bse\beq\bqu\bue\ben\bnc\bce\be
- Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
- those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
+ Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as
+ those defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin
with a Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this
- sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
- have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
- instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
+ sequence is bound to "\[", keys producing such sequences will
+ have no effect unless explicitly bound to a readline command,
+ instead of inserting stray characters into the editing buffer.
This is unbound by default, but usually bound to ESC-[.
i\bin\bns\bse\ber\brt\bt-\b-c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt (\b(M\bM-\b-#\b#)\b)
- Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
- m\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
+ Without a numeric argument, the value of the readline c\bco\bom\bm-\b-
+ m\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn variable is inserted at the beginning of the current
line. If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a
- toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
- match the value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, the value is inserted, other-
+ toggle: if the characters at the beginning of the line do not
+ match the value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn, the value is inserted, other-
wise the characters in c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn are deleted from the begin-
- ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
- newline had been typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
- causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
- If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be
+ ning of the line. In either case, the line is accepted as if a
+ newline had been typed. The default value of c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bt-\b-b\bbe\beg\bgi\bin\bn
+ causes this command to make the current line a shell comment.
+ If a numeric argument causes the comment character to be
removed, the line will be executed by the shell.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(M\bM-\b-g\bg)\b)
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
- expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern
- is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
+ expansion, with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern
+ is used to generate a list of matching filenames for possible
completions.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx *\b*)\b)
- The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
- expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted,
- replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an
+ The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname
+ expansion, and the list of matching filenames is inserted,
+ replacing the word. If a numeric argument is supplied, an
asterisk is appended before pathname expansion.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-l\bli\bis\bst\bt-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bns\bs (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx g\bg)\b)
- The list of expansions that would have been generated by
- g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
- numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
+ The list of expansions that would have been generated by
+ g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd-\b-w\bwo\bor\brd\bd is displayed, and the line is redrawn. If a
+ numeric argument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before
pathname expansion.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
- Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
+ Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the read-
line output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, the out-
- put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
+ put is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
Print all of the settable readline variables and their values to
- the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
- the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
+ the readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
+ the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bos\bs
- Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
+ Print all of the readline key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, the
output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part of an
_\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
d\bdi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by-\b-s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl-\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-v\bv)\b)
Display version information about the current instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
- which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
- the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the program-
+ When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
+ which a completion specification (a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) has been defined using
+ the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the program-
mable completion facilities are invoked.
- First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
- empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
- any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used. If a
- compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
+ First, the command name is identified. If the command word is the
+ empty string (completion attempted at the beginning of an empty line),
+ any compspec defined with the -\b-E\bE option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used. If a
+ compspec has been defined for that command, the compspec is used to
generate the list of possible completions for the word. If the command
- word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
- for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
- is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
- If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
+ word is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is searched
+ for first. If no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt
+ is made to find a compspec for the portion following the final slash.
+ If those searches do not result in a compspec, any compspec defined
with the -\b-D\bD option to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be is used as the default.
- Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
- matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
+ Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
+ matching words. If a compspec is not found, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh comple-
tion as described above under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg is performed.
- First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
- which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
- -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
+ First, the actions specified by the compspec are used. Only matches
+ which are prefixed by the word being completed are returned. When the
+ -\b-f\bf or -\b-d\bd option is used for filename or directory name completion, the
shell variable F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is used to filter the matches.
- Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the -\b-G\bG
+ Any completions specified by a pathname expansion pattern to the -\b-G\bG
option are generated next. The words generated by the pattern need not
- match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
+ match the word being completed. The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable is not
used to filter the matches, but the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variable is used.
- Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
- ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
- cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
- then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
- variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
+ Next, the string specified as the argument to the -\b-W\bW option is consid-
+ ered. The string is first split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS spe-
+ cial variable as delimiters. Shell quoting is honored. Each word is
+ then expanded using brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, as
described above under E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN. The results are split using the rules
described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg. The results of the expansion are
prefix-matched against the word being completed, and the matching words
become the possible completions.
- After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
- specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
+ After these matches have been generated, any shell function or command
+ specified with the -\b-F\bF and -\b-C\bC options is invoked. When the command or
function is invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY, and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
variables are assigned values as described above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs.
- If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
- variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
- first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose arguments are
- being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being completed,
- and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word being com-
+ If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
+ variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
+ first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose arguments are
+ being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being completed,
+ and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word being com-
pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com-
pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or
command has complete freedom in generating the matches.
- Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
- any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
- below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
+ Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
+ any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
+ below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
in the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY array variable, one per array element.
- Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
- ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
- completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
+ Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
+ ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
+ completions, one per line, to the standard output. Backslash may be
used to escape a newline, if necessary.
- After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
- fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
- tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
- with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
- with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
- Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
+ After all of the possible completions are generated, any filter speci-
+ fied with the -\b-X\bX option is applied to the list. The filter is a pat-
+ tern as used for pathname expansion; a &\b& in the pattern is replaced
+ with the text of the word being completed. A literal &\b& may be escaped
+ with a backslash; the backslash is removed before attempting a match.
+ Any completion that matches the pattern will be removed from the list.
A leading !\b! negates the pattern; in this case any completion not match-
- ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
- enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
+ ing the pattern will be removed. If the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh shell option is
+ enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
betic characters.
Finally, any prefix and suffix specified with the -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options are
added to each member of the completion list, and the result is returned
to the readline completion code as the list of possible completions.
- If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
- -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was
+ If the previously-applied actions do not generate any matches, and the
+ -\b-o\bo d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was
defined, directory name completion is attempted.
- If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
+ If the -\b-o\bo p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec
was defined, directory name completion is attempted and any matches are
added to the results of the other actions.
- By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
- to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
+ By default, if a compspec is found, whatever it generates is returned
+ to the completion code as the full set of possible completions. The
default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions are not attempted, and the readline default of
filename completion is disabled. If the -\b-o\bo b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was sup-
- plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
+ plied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined, the b\bba\bas\bsh\bh default com-
pletions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches. If the -\b-o\bo
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
- readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt option was supplied to c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be when the compspec was defined,
+ readline's default completion will be performed if the compspec (and,
if attempted, the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions) generate no matches.
- When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
- the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
- to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
- the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
+ When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is desired,
+ the programmable completion functions force readline to append a slash
+ to completed names which are symbolic links to directories, subject to
+ the value of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable, regardless of the
setting of the m\bma\bar\brk\bk-\b-s\bsy\bym\bml\bli\bin\bnk\bke\bed\bd-\b-d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bri\bie\bes\bs readline variable.
- There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
- most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
- fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
- completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
- returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
+ There is some support for dynamically modifying completions. This is
+ most useful when used in combination with a default completion speci-
+ fied with c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-D\bD. It's possible for shell functions executed as
+ completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried by
+ returning an exit status of 124. If a shell function returns 124, and
changes the compspec associated with the command on which completion is
- being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
+ being attempted (supplied as the first argument when the function is
executed), programmable completion restarts from the beginning, with an
- attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
- completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
+ attempt to find a new compspec for that command. This allows a set of
+ completions to be built dynamically as completion is attempted, rather
than being loaded all at once.
- For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
- in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following
+ For instance, assuming that there is a library of compspecs, each kept
+ in a file corresponding to the name of the command, the following
default completion function would load completions dynamically:
_completion_loader()
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY
- When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
+ When the -\b-o\bo h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin is enabled, the shell
provides access to the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by, the list of commands previously
- typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
+ typed. The value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE variable is used as the number of
commands to save in a history list. The text of the last H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE com-
- mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
- history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
+ mands (default 500) is saved. The shell stores each command in the
+ history list prior to parameter and variable expansion (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
+ above) but after history expansion is performed, subject to the values
of the shell variables H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari-
- able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
- of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
- number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
- S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
- less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
- file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
+ able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
+ number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
+ S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
+ less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
+ file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the fol-
lowing history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend-
- ing on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When a shell with
- history enabled exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the
- history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled
- (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the
- lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
+ ing on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When a shell with
+ history enabled exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the
+ history list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled
+ (see the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the
+ lines are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is
overwritten. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is
- unwritable, the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable
- is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the
- history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses-
- sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time-
+ unwritable, the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable
+ is set, time stamps are written to the history file, marked with the
+ history comment character, so they may be preserved across shell ses-
+ sions. This uses the history comment character to distinguish time-
stamps from other history lines. After saving the history, the history
file is truncated to contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bT-\b-
- F\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric
+ F\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric
value less than zero, the history file is not truncated.
- The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
+ The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
- t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
- manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
- commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
+ t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
+ manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
+ commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
history list.
- The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+ The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
list. The H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables may be set to cause the
shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell
- option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
- multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
- necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
- causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
+ option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
+ multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
+ necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
+ causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
semicolons. See the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for information on setting and unsetting shell
options.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
- history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
- are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
+ The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
+ history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh. This section describes what syntax features
+ are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
shells, and can be disabled using the +\b+H\bH option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). Non-interactive shells do not
perform history expansion by default.
History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input
- stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
+ stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous
commands quickly.
- History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
- read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
+ History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
+ read, before the shell breaks it into words, and is performed on each
line individually without taking quoting on previous lines into
account. It takes place in two parts. The first is to determine which
- line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is
- to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one.
- The line selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
- that line that are acted upon are _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
- able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words
- in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
+ line from the history list to use during substitution. The second is
+ to select portions of that line for inclusion into the current one.
+ The line selected from the history is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of
+ that line that are acted upon are _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are avail-
+ able to manipulate the selected words. The line is broken into words
+ in the same fashion as when reading input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\b-
_\bt_\be_\br-separated words surrounded by quotes are considered one word. His-
- tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan-
- sion character, which is !\b! by default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single
- quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history
- expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately pre-
+ tory expansions are introduced by the appearance of the history expan-
+ sion character, which is !\b! by default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single
+ quotes can quote the history expansion character, but the history
+ expansion character is also treated as quoted if it immediately pre-
cedes the closing double quote in a double-quoted string.
- Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
- lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
- tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
+ Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
+ lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
+ tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
enabled, (\b( will also inhibit expansion.
- Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
- tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell
+ Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
+ tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell
option is enabled (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below), and
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
- passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
+ passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer for further modification. If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
- history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
- for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
- used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
+ is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
+ history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
+ for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
+ used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to add commands to the end of
- the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
+ the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
available for subsequent recall.
- The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
+ The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
expansion mechanism (see the description of h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
tory timestamps when writing the history file.
E\bEv\bve\ben\bnt\bt D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
- tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
+ An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
+ tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
the current position in the history list.
- !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
- newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
+ !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
+ newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin).
!\b!_\bn Refer to command line _\bn.
!\b!-\b-_\bn Refer to the current command minus _\bn.
!\b!!\b! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'.
!\b!_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
in the history list starting with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg.
!\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b]
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
- in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a newline.
^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^\b^
- Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2/''
+ Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2/''
(see M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs below).
!\b!#\b# The entire command line typed so far.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
- separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
- omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
- are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
- denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
+ Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
+ separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
+ omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
+ are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
+ denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
rated by single spaces.
0\b0 (\b(z\bze\ber\bro\bo)\b)
The zeroth word. For the shell, this is the command word.
_\bn The _\bnth word.
^\b^ The first argument. That is, word 1.
- $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will
+ $\b$ The last word. This is usually the last argument, but will
expand to the zeroth word if there is only one word in the line.
%\b% The word matched by the most recent `?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?' search.
_\bx-\b-_\by A range of words; `-_\by' abbreviates `0-_\by'.
- *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
- It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
+ *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
+ It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
event; the empty string is returned in that case.
x\bx*\b* Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$.
x\bx-\b- Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$ like x\bx*\b*, but omits the last word.
- If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+ If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs
- After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
+ After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
h\bh Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head.
e\be Remove all but the trailing suffix.
p\bp Print the new command but do not execute it.
q\bq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
- x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
+ x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines.
s\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/
- Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
- line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final
- delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event
- line. The delimiter may be quoted in _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw with a single
- backslash. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced by _\bo_\bl_\bd. A sin-
- gle backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set to
- the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substitu-
+ Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
+ line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final
+ delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event
+ line. The delimiter may be quoted in _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw with a single
+ backslash. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced by _\bo_\bl_\bd. A sin-
+ gle backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set to
+ the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substitu-
tions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search.
&\b& Repeat the previous substitution.
g\bg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
- used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
- If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
- the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
+ If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
+ the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. An a\ba may be used as a synonym for g\bg.
- G\bG Apply the following `s\bs' modifier once to each word in the event
+ G\bG Apply the following `s\bs' modifier once to each word in the event
line.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section
as accepting options preceded by -\b- accepts -\b--\b- to signify the end of the
options. The :\b:, t\btr\bru\bue\be, f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be, and t\bte\bes\bst\bt/[\b[ builtins do not accept options
- and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
- t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
- with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
- are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
- with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
+ and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bn-\b-
+ t\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt, and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning
+ with -\b- without requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but
+ are not specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning
+ with -\b- as invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpreta-
tion.
:\b: [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
+ No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
and performing any specified redirections. The return status is
zero.
.\b. _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell
- environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
- cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
- filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
+ Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell
+ environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
+ cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
+ filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The file searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
- searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
- to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
- searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the posi-
- tional parameters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the
- positional parameters are unchanged. If the -\b-T\bT option is
- enabled, s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be inherits any trap on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG; if it is not, any
- D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap string is saved and restored around the call to
- s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be, and s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be unsets the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap while it executes. If
- -\b-T\bT is not set, and the sourced file changes the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the
- new value is retained when s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be completes. The return status
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
+ searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
+ to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
+ searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the posi-
+ tional parameters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the
+ positional parameters are unchanged. If the -\b-T\bT option is
+ enabled, s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be inherits any trap on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG; if it is not, any
+ D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap string is saved and restored around the call to
+ s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be, and s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be unsets the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap while it executes. If
+ -\b-T\bT is not set, and the sourced file changes the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the
+ new value is retained when s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be completes. The return status
is the status of the last command exited within the script (0 if
no commands are executed), and false if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or
cannot be read.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs with no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option prints the list of
- aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
- arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
+ aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
+ arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
- plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs
- returns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
+ plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs
+ returns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
defined.
b\bbg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
+ Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
had been started with &\b&. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's
- notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
- run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
- enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
+ notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
+ run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
+ enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
without job control.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\blp\bps\bsv\bvP\bPS\bSV\bVX\bX]
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] -\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
- sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would
- appear in _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be passed
- as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
+ Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
+ sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would
+ appear in _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be passed
+ as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp
Use _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
bindings. Acceptable _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp names are _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
- _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
- and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
- is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
+ _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
+ and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (_\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be
+ is also a synonym); _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd.
-\b-l\bl List the names of all r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be functions.
- -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
+ -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
way that they can be re-read.
-\b-P\bP List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings.
- -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
+ -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
read.
- -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output.
- -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
+ -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
that they can be re-read.
-\b-V\bV List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values.
-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
-\b-r\br _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq
Remove any current binding for _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq.
-\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:\b:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is
- entered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
- the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
- l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
+ Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is
+ entered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
+ the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
current location of the insertion point. If the executed
- command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
+ command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
editing state.
- -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
- associated commands in a format that can be reused as
+ -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
+ associated commands in a format that can be reused as
input.
- The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
+ The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
an error occurred.
b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk [_\bn]
- Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
- specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
- than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
- exited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
+ Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
+ specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
+ than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
+ exited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
equal to 1.
b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
+ Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function
- whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
+ whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
tionality of the builtin within the function. The c\bcd\bd builtin is
- commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
+ commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is not a shell builtin command.
c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins). With-
out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
- the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
+ the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
- and source file corresponding to that position in the current
- execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
- example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
- The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
- routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
+ and source file corresponding to that position in the current
+ execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
+ example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]] [-@]] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
- the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. Any addi-
+ Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
+ the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. Any addi-
tional arguments following _\bd_\bi_\br are ignored. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- defines the search path for the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br: each
- directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative
- directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null
- directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory,
+ defines the search path for the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br: each
+ directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative
+ directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null
+ directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory,
i.e., ``.\b.''. If _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
- used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical directory
- structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _\bd_\bi_\br and
+ used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical directory
+ structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _\bd_\bi_\br and
before processing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br (see also the -\b-P\bP option
to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links
- to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances
+ to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances
of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br. If _\b._\b. appears in _\bd_\bi_\br, it is processed by removing
- the immediately previous pathname component from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a
- slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied
- with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory cannot be success-
- fully determined after a successful directory change, c\bcd\bd will
- return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the
- -\b-@\b@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a
- file as a directory. An argument of -\b- is converted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD
+ the immediately previous pathname component from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a
+ slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied
+ with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory cannot be success-
+ fully determined after a successful directory change, c\bcd\bd will
+ return an unsuccessful status. On systems that support it, the
+ -\b-@\b@ option presents the extended attributes associated with a
+ file as a directory. An argument of -\b- is converted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD
before the directory change is attempted. If a non-empty direc-
- tory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first argument,
+ tory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first argument,
and the directory change is successful, the absolute pathname of
- the new working directory is written to the standard output.
- The return value is true if the directory was successfully
+ the new working directory is written to the standard output.
+ The return value is true if the directory was successfully
changed; false otherwise.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
- executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
- find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
option is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
- option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
- more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
- the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
- Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
- to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
- various shell variables set by the programmable completion
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion
facilities, while available, will not have useful values.
The matches will be generated in the same way as if the program-
mable completion code had generated them directly from a comple-
- tion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is specified,
+ tion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is specified,
only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
[-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
- -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
- completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
- ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
pletion specifications. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the
- remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
- command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
- for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
- option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
- apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
- attempted on a blank line.
+ remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
+ command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
+ for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
+ option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+ apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
+ attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option indicates that the
+ remaining options and actions should apply to completion on the
+ inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a command
+ delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name comple-
+ tion. If multiple options are supplied, the -\b-D\bD option takes
+ precedence over -\b-E\bE, and both take precedence of -\b-I\bI.
The process of applying these completion specifications when
word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bm-\b-
for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the
_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
- that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
+ that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
+ indicates that the remaining options should apply to completion
+ on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
+ mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
+ completion.
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, only shell variables are listed.
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
rupt; previous versions continue with the next command
in the list.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, treats a single quote
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, treats a single quote
in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte
blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values;
- and, when in Posix mode, -\b-c\bc and -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte incre-
+ and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte incre-
ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu-
ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
-GNU Bash 5.0 2018 March 15 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash 5.0 2018 June 8 BASH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet.ramey@case.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Sat May 19 21:48:08 EDT 2018
+.\" Last Change: Fri Jun 8 16:15:23 EDT 2018
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2018 May 19" "GNU Bash 5.0"
+.TH BASH 1 "2018 June 8" "GNU Bash 5.0"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no
matches were generated.
.TP
-\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-DE\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP]
+\fBcomplete\fP [\fB\-abcdefgjksuv\fP] [\fB\-o\fP \fIcomp-option\fP] [\fB\-DEI\fP] [\fB\-A\fP \fIaction\fP] [\fB\-G\fP \fIglobpat\fP] [\fB\-W\fP \fIwordlist\fP] [\fB\-F\fP \fIfunction\fP] [\fB\-C\fP \fIcommand\fP]
.br
[\fB\-X\fP \fIfilterpat\fP] [\fB\-P\fP \fIprefix\fP] [\fB\-S\fP \fIsuffix\fP] \fIname\fP [\fIname ...\fP]
.PD 0
.TP
-\fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fB\-DE\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
+\fBcomplete\fP \fB\-pr\fP [\fB\-DEI\fP] [\fIname\fP ...]
.PD
Specify how arguments to each \fIname\fP should be completed.
If the \fB\-p\fP option is supplied, or if no options are supplied,
The \fB\-E\fP option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
blank line.
+The \fB\-I\fP option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after
+a command delimiter such as \fB;\fP or \fB|\fP, which is usually command
+name completion.
+If multiple options are supplied, the \fB\-D\fP option takes precedence
+over \fB\-E\fP, and both take precedence of \fB\-I\fP.
.sp 1
The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
is attempted is described above under \fBProgrammable Completion\fP.
an error occurs adding a completion specification.
.RE
.TP
-\fBcompopt\fP [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fB\-DE\fP] [\fB+o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIname\fP]
+\fBcompopt\fP [\fB\-o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fB\-DEI\fP] [\fB+o\fP \fIoption\fP] [\fIname\fP]
Modify completion options for each \fIname\fP according to the
\fIoption\fPs, or for the
currently-executing completion if no \fIname\fPs are supplied.
The \fB\-E\fP option indicates that the remaining options should
apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
blank line.
+The \fB\-I\fP option indicates that the remaining options should
+apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line,
+or after a command delimiter such as \fB;\fP or \fB|\fP, which is usually
+command name completion.
.sp 1
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt
is made to modify the options for a \fIname\fP for which no completion
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 March 15<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 June 8<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<DT><B>@</B>
<DD>
-Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
+Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.
+In contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each
+positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double
+quotes, these words are subject to word splitting.
+In contexts where word splitting is not performed,
+this expands to a single word
+with each positional parameter separated by a space.
+When the
expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a
separate word. That is, "<B>$@</B>" is equivalent to
"<B>$1</B>" "<B>$2</B>" ...
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_ENV</B>;
</FONT>
-used when the shell is invoked in POSIX mode.
+used when the shell is invoked in <I>posix mode</I>.
<DT><B>EXECIGNORE</B>
<DD>
<P>
Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the value of
-the <B>-e</B> option from the parent shell. When not in <I>posix</I> mode,
+the <B>-e</B> option from the parent shell. When not in <I>posix mode</I>,
<B>bash</B> clears the <B>-e</B> option in such subshells.
<P>
<P>
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, or no
matches were generated.
-<DT><B>complete</B> [<B>-abcdefgjksuv</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>comp-option</I>] [<B>-DE</B>] [<B>-A</B> <I>action</I>] [<B>-G</B> <I>globpat</I>] [<B>-W</B> <I>wordlist</I>] [<B>-F</B> <I>function</I>] [<B>-C</B> <I>command</I>]<DD>
+<DT><B>complete</B> [<B>-abcdefgjksuv</B>] [<B>-o</B> <I>comp-option</I>] [<B>-DEI</B>] [<B>-A</B> <I>action</I>] [<B>-G</B> <I>globpat</I>] [<B>-W</B> <I>wordlist</I>] [<B>-F</B> <I>function</I>] [<B>-C</B> <I>command</I>]<DD>
<BR>
[<B>-X</B> <I>filterpat</I>] [<B>-P</B> <I>prefix</I>] [<B>-S</B> <I>suffix</I>] <I>name</I> [<I>name ...</I>]
-<DT><B>complete</B> <B>-pr</B> [<B>-DE</B>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
+<DT><B>complete</B> <B>-pr</B> [<B>-DEI</B>] [<I>name</I> ...]<DD>
Specify how arguments to each <I>name</I> should be completed.
If the <B>-p</B> option is supplied, or if no options are supplied,
The <B>-E</B> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
blank line.
+The <B>-I</B> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after
+a command delimiter such as <B>;</B> or <B>|</B>, which is usually command
+name completion.
+If multiple options are supplied, the <B>-D</B> option takes precedence
+over <B>-E</B>, and both take precedence of <B>-I</B>.
<P>
The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
is attempted is described above under <B>Programmable Completion</B>.
an error occurs adding a completion specification.
</DL>
-<DT><B>compopt</B> [<B>-o</B> <I>option</I>] [<B>-DE</B>] [<B>+o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>name</I>]<DD>
+<DT><B>compopt</B> [<B>-o</B> <I>option</I>] [<B>-DEI</B>] [<B>+o</B> <I>option</I>] [<I>name</I>]<DD>
Modify completion options for each <I>name</I> according to the
<I>option</I>s, or for the
currently-executing completion if no <I>name</I>s are supplied.
The <B>-E</B> option indicates that the remaining options should
apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
blank line.
+The <B>-I</B> option indicates that the remaining options should
+apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line,
+or after a command delimiter such as <B>;</B> or <B>|</B>, which is usually
+command name completion.
<P>
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt
is made to modify the options for a <I>name</I> for which no completion
in a format that can be reused as input
for setting or resetting the currently-set variables.
Read-only variables cannot be reset.
-In <I>posix</I> mode, only shell variables are listed.
+In <I>posix mode</I>, only shell variables are listed.
The output is sorted according to the current locale.
When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes.
Any arguments remaining after option processing are treated
If set,
<B>bash</B>,
-when in <I>posix</I> mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted
+when in <I>posix mode</I>, treats a single quote in a double-quoted
parameter expansion as a special character. The single quotes must match
(an even number) and the characters between the single quotes are considered
quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode through version 4.1.
<B>-u</B>,
which are unscaled values;
-and, when in Posix mode,
+and, when in posix mode,
<B>-c</B>
and
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.0<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 March 15<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 5.0<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2018 June 8<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 19 March 2018 09:43:32 EDT
+Time: 08 June 2018 16:16:11 EDT
</BODY>
</HTML>
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018).
+Bash shell (version 5.0, 8 June 2018).
- This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.0, last updated 8 June 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0.
Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.0, 8 June 2018). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.0, last updated 8 June 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
'case'
The syntax of the 'case' command is:
- case WORD in [ [(] PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND-LIST ;;]... esac
+ case WORD in
+ [ [(] PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND-LIST ;;]...
+ esac
'case' will selectively execute the COMMAND-LIST corresponding to
the first PATTERN that matches WORD. The match is performed
'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, the match is
performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The
return value is 0 if the string matches ('==') or does not match
- ('!=')the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may be
- quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string.
+ ('!=') the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may
+ be quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string.
An additional binary operator, '=~', is available, with the same
precedence as '==' and '!='. When it is used, the string to the
done < file | process-output
with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:
- cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | process-output
+ cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" |
+ process-output
Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions,
which lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming:
If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input
order in the output. For instance, the following command
- { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute
+ {
+ echo foss.org.my ;
+ echo debian.org ;
+ echo freenetproject.org ;
+ } | parallel traceroute
will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first.
Adding the '-k' option
- { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute
+ {
+ echo foss.org.my ;
+ echo debian.org ;
+ echo freenetproject.org ;
+ } | parallel -k traceroute
will ensure that the output of 'traceroute foss.org.my' is displayed
first.
is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators.
'@'
- ($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
- the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands
- to a separate word. That is, '"$@"' is equivalent to '"$1" "$2"
- ...'. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the
- expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part
- of the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is
- joined with the last part of the original word. When there are no
- positional parameters, '"$@"' and '$@' expand to nothing (i.e.,
- they are removed).
+ ($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. In
+ contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each
+ positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double
+ quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts
+ where word splitting is not performed, this expands to a single
+ word with each positional parameter separated by a space. When the
+ expansion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting is
+ performed, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is,
+ '"$@"' is equivalent to '"$1" "$2" ...'. If the double-quoted
+ expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of the first
+ parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original word,
+ and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
+ part of the original word. When there are no positional
+ parameters, '"$@"' and '$@' expand to nothing (i.e., they are
+ removed).
'#'
($#) Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
Exit a login shell, returning a status of N to the shell's parent.
'mapfile'
- mapfile [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD]
- [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
+ mapfile [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT]
+ [-t] [-u FD] [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable
ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the '-u' option is supplied.
Read input from file descriptor FD.
'readarray'
- readarray [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD]
- [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
+ readarray [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT]
+ [-t] [-u FD] [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable
ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the '-u' option is supplied.
as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number of
consecutive 'EOF' characters that can be read as the first
character on an input line before the shell will exit. If the
- variable exists but does not have a numeric value (or has no value)
+ variable exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value,
then the default is 10. If the variable does not exist, then 'EOF'
signifies the end of input to the shell. This is only in effect
for interactive shells.
6.1 Invoking Bash
=================
- bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...]
- bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] -c STRING [ARGUMENT ...]
- bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...]
+ bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION]
+ [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...]
+ bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION]
+ [-O SHOPT_OPTION] -c STRING [ARGUMENT ...]
+ bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION]
+ [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...]
All of the single-character options used with the 'set' builtin
(*note The Set Builtin::) can be used as options when the shell is
9. In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores 'SIGTERM' (*note
Signals::).
- 10. In the absence of any traps, 'SIGINT' is caught and handled
- ((*note Signals::). 'SIGINT' will interrupt some shell builtins.
+ 10. In the absence of any traps, 'SIGINT' is caught and handled (*note
+ Signals::). 'SIGINT' will interrupt some shell builtins.
11. An interactive login shell sends a 'SIGHUP' to all jobs on exit if
the 'huponexit' shell option has been enabled (*note Signals::).
After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion,
command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject
-to the value of the 'promptvars' shell option (*note Bash Builtins::).
+to the value of the 'promptvars' shell option (*note The Shopt
+Builtin::).
\1f
File: bash.info, Node: The Restricted Shell, Next: Bash POSIX Mode, Prev: Controlling the Prompt, Up: Bash Features
If set to 'on', and COMPLETION-IGNORE-CASE is enabled,
Readline treats hyphens ('-') and underscores ('_') as
equivalent when performing case-insensitive filename matching
- and completion.
+ and completion. The default value is 'off'.
'completion-prefix-display-length'
The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "> output"
- In the above example, 'C-u' is bound to the function
+ In the example above, 'C-u' is bound to the function
'universal-argument', 'M-DEL' is bound to the function
'backward-kill-word', and 'C-o' is bound to run the macro
expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text
assigned by default. It allows Readline to insert the pasted text
as a single unit without treating each character as if it had been
read from the keyboard. The characters are inserted as if each one
- was bound to 'self-insert') instead of executing any editing
+ was bound to 'self-insert' instead of executing any editing
commands.
'transpose-chars (C-t)'
no matches were generated.
'complete'
- complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o COMP-OPTION] [-DE] [-A ACTION] [-G GLOBPAT] [-W WORDLIST]
- [-F FUNCTION] [-C COMMAND] [-X FILTERPAT]
+ complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o COMP-OPTION] [-DEI] [-A ACTION] [-G GLOBPAT]
+ [-W WORDLIST] [-F FUNCTION] [-C COMMAND] [-X FILTERPAT]
[-P PREFIX] [-S SUFFIX] NAME [NAME ...]
- complete -pr [-DE] [NAME ...]
+ complete -pr [-DEI] [NAME ...]
Specify how arguments to each NAME should be completed. If the
'-p' option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
completion has previously been defined. The '-E' option indicates
that the remaining options and actions should apply to "empty"
command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
+ The '-I' option indicates that the remaining options and actions
+ should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the
+ line, or after a command delimiter such as ';' or '|', which is
+ usually command name completion. If multiple options are supplied,
+ the '-D' option takes precedence over '-E', and both take
+ precedence over '-I'.
The process of applying these completion specifications when word
completion is attempted is described above (*note Programmable
- Completion::). The '-D' option takes precedence over '-E'.
+ Completion::).
Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
arguments to the '-G', '-W', and '-X' options (and, if necessary,
'filenames'
Tell Readline that the compspec generates filenames, so
it can perform any filename-specific processing (like
- adding a slash to directory names quoting special
+ adding a slash to directory names, quoting special
characters, or suppressing trailing spaces). This option
is intended to be used with shell functions specified
with '-F'.
completion specification.
'compopt'
- compopt [-o OPTION] [-DE] [+o OPTION] [NAME]
+ compopt [-o OPTION] [-DEI] [+o OPTION] [NAME]
Modify completion options for each NAME according to the OPTIONs,
or for the currently-executing completion if no NAMEs are supplied.
If no OPTIONs are given, display the completion options for each
command for which no completion has previously been defined. The
'-E' option indicates that the remaining options should apply to
"empty" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
- blank line.
+ blank line. The '-I' option indicates that the remaining options
+ should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the
+ line, or after a command delimiter such as ';' or '|', which is
+ usually command name completion.
- The '-D' option takes precedence over '-E'.
+ If multiple options are supplied, the '-D' option takes precedence
+ over '-E', and both take precedence over '-I'
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an
attempt is made to modify the options for a NAME for which no
local cur _skipdot _cdpath
local i j k
- # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname
+ # Tilde expansion, which also expands tilde to full pathname
case "$2" in
\~*) eval cur="$2" ;;
*) cur=$2 ;;
'--enable-largefile'
Enable support for large files
- (http://www.sas.com/standards/large_file/x_open.20Mar96.html) if
- the operating system requires special compiler options to build
+ (http://www.unix.org/version2/whatsnew/lfs20mar.html) if the
+ operating system requires special compiler options to build
programs which can access large files. This is enabled by default,
if the operating system provides large file support.
* complete: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 30)
* compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins.
- (line 229)
+ (line 235)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 85)
* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 148)
* !: Pipelines. (line 9)
* [[: Conditional Constructs.
- (line 122)
+ (line 124)
* ]]: Conditional Constructs.
- (line 122)
+ (line 124)
* {: Command Grouping. (line 21)
* }: Command Grouping. (line 21)
* case: Conditional Constructs.
* in: Conditional Constructs.
(line 28)
* select: Conditional Constructs.
- (line 80)
+ (line 82)
* then: Conditional Constructs.
(line 7)
* time: Pipelines. (line 9)
\0\b[index\0\b]
* Menu:
-* !: Special Parameters. (line 50)
-* #: Special Parameters. (line 33)
-* $: Special Parameters. (line 45)
-* $!: Special Parameters. (line 51)
-* $#: Special Parameters. (line 34)
-* $$: Special Parameters. (line 46)
+* !: Special Parameters. (line 56)
+* #: Special Parameters. (line 39)
+* $: Special Parameters. (line 51)
+* $!: Special Parameters. (line 57)
+* $#: Special Parameters. (line 40)
+* $$: Special Parameters. (line 52)
* $*: Special Parameters. (line 10)
-* $-: Special Parameters. (line 41)
-* $0: Special Parameters. (line 56)
-* $?: Special Parameters. (line 37)
+* $-: Special Parameters. (line 47)
+* $0: Special Parameters. (line 62)
+* $?: Special Parameters. (line 43)
* $@: Special Parameters. (line 23)
-* $_: Special Parameters. (line 65)
+* $_: Special Parameters. (line 71)
* *: Special Parameters. (line 9)
-* -: Special Parameters. (line 40)
-* 0: Special Parameters. (line 55)
-* ?: Special Parameters. (line 36)
+* -: Special Parameters. (line 46)
+* 0: Special Parameters. (line 61)
+* ?: Special Parameters. (line 42)
* @: Special Parameters. (line 22)
-* _: Special Parameters. (line 64)
+* _: Special Parameters. (line 70)
* auto_resume: Job Control Variables.
(line 6)
* BASH: Bash Variables. (line 13)
* installation: Basic Installation. (line 6)
* interaction, readline: Readline Interaction.
(line 6)
-* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 128)
+* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 131)
* interactive shell <1>: Interactive Shells. (line 6)
* internationalization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
* job: Definitions. (line 38)
* killing text: Readline Killing Commands.
(line 6)
* localization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
-* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 125)
+* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 128)
* matching, pattern: Pattern Matching. (line 6)
* metacharacter: Definitions. (line 46)
* name: Definitions. (line 51)
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f891
-Node: Introduction\7f2805
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3021
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4135
-Node: Definitions\7f6673
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9624
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f10843
-Node: Shell Operation\7f11869
-Node: Quoting\7f13162
-Node: Escape Character\7f14462
-Node: Single Quotes\7f14947
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15295
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16573
-Node: Locale Translation\7f17832
-Node: Comments\7f18728
-Node: Shell Commands\7f19346
-Node: Simple Commands\7f20218
-Node: Pipelines\7f20849
-Node: Lists\7f23781
-Node: Compound Commands\7f25520
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f26532
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f29027
-Node: Command Grouping\7f40082
-Node: Coprocesses\7f41561
-Node: GNU Parallel\7f43464
-Node: Shell Functions\7f47438
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f54521
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f58934
-Node: Special Parameters\7f59834
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f63171
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f65294
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f68018
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f70366
-Node: Command Substitution\7f84849
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f86204
-Node: Process Substitution\7f87136
-Node: Word Splitting\7f88256
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f90200
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f92730
-Node: Quote Removal\7f96716
-Node: Redirections\7f97011
-Node: Executing Commands\7f106569
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f107239
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f109169
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f111545
-Node: Environment\7f114529
-Node: Exit Status\7f116188
-Node: Signals\7f117858
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f119825
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f122340
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f124378
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f145036
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f173944
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f174289
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f184702
-Node: Special Builtins\7f201572
-Node: Shell Variables\7f202551
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f202988
-Node: Bash Variables\7f205092
-Node: Bash Features\7f235106
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f236005
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f241991
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f247094
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f247504
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f248153
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f248968
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f252456
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f256822
-Node: Aliases\7f259639
-Node: Arrays\7f262187
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f267553
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f268337
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f271305
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f274067
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f275892
-Node: Job Control\7f286243
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f286703
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f291671
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f296398
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f297554
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f299225
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f300848
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f302039
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f303822
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f304782
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f306700
-Node: Searching\7f307744
-Node: Readline Init File\7f309930
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f311077
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f331448
-Node: Sample Init File\7f335644
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f338761
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f339965
-Node: Commands For History\7f341814
-Node: Commands For Text\7f346109
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f349498
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f351979
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f353118
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f357309
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f357996
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f363949
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f364856
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f372450
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f382336
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f387587
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f388271
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f391276
-Node: History Interaction\7f395807
-Node: Event Designators\7f398874
-Node: Word Designators\7f400093
-Node: Modifiers\7f401730
-Node: Installing Bash\7f403132
-Node: Basic Installation\7f404269
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f407527
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f408268
-Node: Installation Names\7f409961
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f410779
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f411495
-Node: Operation Controls\7f412168
-Node: Optional Features\7f413126
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f423652
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f424846
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f441698
-Node: Indexes\7f466875
-Node: Builtin Index\7f467329
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f474156
-Node: Variable Index\7f476604
-Node: Function Index\7f492282
-Node: Concept Index\7f505585
+Node: Top\7f887
+Node: Introduction\7f2797
+Node: What is Bash?\7f3013
+Node: What is a shell?\7f4127
+Node: Definitions\7f6665
+Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9616
+Node: Shell Syntax\7f10835
+Node: Shell Operation\7f11861
+Node: Quoting\7f13154
+Node: Escape Character\7f14454
+Node: Single Quotes\7f14939
+Node: Double Quotes\7f15287
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16565
+Node: Locale Translation\7f17824
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-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15
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-2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F .965
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(xpands to the name of the shell or shell script \(identical to)-.15 F
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(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to the internal has\
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-(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166
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-324 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1
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-360 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 372 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corr\
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--.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 396 Q F0 4.092(,f)C 1.592
-(or listing alternati)-4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np)
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(ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429
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-432 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 444 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E F0
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-528 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831
-(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832
-(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332
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-144 540 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E
-F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 552 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169(An array v)
-144 564 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0(belo)2.669 E
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+606 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.832(.T).15 G .832(his v)-5.832 F .832
+(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .831
+(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.331
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.169
(w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input)
--.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 576 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses)
--.18 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(DIRST)108 588 Q -.55(AC)
--.9 G(K).55 E F0 2.26(An array v)144 600 R 2.26(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1
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(w\) containing the current contents of the directory stack.)-.25 F
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-(ya)-.15 G 1.094(re displayed by the)-3.594 F F1(dirs)3.594 E F0 -.2(bu)
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-(Each time this parameter is referenced, it e)144 96 R .338
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--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G
-(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(EUID)108 132 Q F0 1.103(Expands to the ef)
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+(subsequently reset.)144 402 Q F1(HISTCMD)108 414 Q F0 .355
+(The history number)144 426 R 2.855(,o)-.4 G 2.855(ri)-2.855 G(nde)
+-2.855 E 2.856(xi)-.15 G 2.856(nt)-2.856 G .356
(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F3
-(HISTCMD)2.855 E F0 .355(is unset, it)2.605 F
-(loses its special properties, e)144 366 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G
+(HISTCMD)2.856 E F0 .356(is unset, it)2.606 F
+(loses its special properties, e)144 438 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G
2.5(fi)-2.5 G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1
-(HOSTN)108 378 Q(AME)-.2 E F0
-(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 390 Q F1
-(HOSTTYPE)108 402 Q F0 .222(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\
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-.223(is e)2.723 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E 2.5(ing. The)144 426 R(def)
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+(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 462 Q F1
+(HOSTTYPE)108 474 Q F0 .223(Automatically set to a string that uniquely\
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time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a decimal num\
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-arting with 1\) within a script or function.)144 462 R .079
-(When not in a script or)5.078 F .307(function, the v)144 474 R .307
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+ber representing the)144 522 R .078(current sequential line number \(st\
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+(special properties, e)144 558 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fi)-2.5
+G 2.5(ti)-2.5 G 2.5(ss)-2.5 G(ubsequently reset.)-2.5 E F1(MA)108 570 Q
(CHTYPE)-.55 E F0 .898(Automatically set to a string that fully describ\
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-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .899(cuting, in).15 F(the standard GNU)144 522 Q F2
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-(An array v)144 546 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.794 E F0
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-(OLDPWD)108 570 Q F0(The pre)144 582 Q(vious w)-.25 E
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-SF(PPID)108 84 Q F0(The process ID of the shell')144 84 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G
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(orking directory as set by the)-.1 E F1(cd)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1
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-(Each time this parameter is referenced, a random inte)144 120 R .566
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-(gument for the)-.18 F F1<ad6f>144 336 Q F0 1.173(option to the)3.673 F
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+(lue may be a decimal number \(e.g., 4.2\) or an inte).25 F .36
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+(sponding to the desired compatibility le)144 573.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
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-4.028 E .249(set to a v)144 525.6 R .249(alue that is not one of the v)
--.25 F .248(alid compatibility le)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .248
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-(w\()-.25 G .575(for e)-3.075 F(xam-)-.15 E(ple,)144 561.6 Q F1
+4.028 E .248(set to a v)144 597.6 R .248(alue that is not one of the v)
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(compat42)2.5 E F0(means that 4.2 and 42 are v)2.5 E(alid v)-.25 E 2.5
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--.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 573.6 S(SH_ENV).3 E F0 .505
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(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F .525
-(xpansion before being interpreted)-.15 F(as a \214lename.)144 621.6 Q
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F2 -.666(PA)5 G(TH)-.189 E F0
(is not used to search for the resultant \214lename.)2.25 E F1 -.3(BA)
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-(OPTERR)5.359 E F0 .36(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)
-2.609 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 432 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 444 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .588
-(The search path for commands.)144 444 R .587
+ser mail \214les that it uses is system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 456 Q
+(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 468 Q F0 .389
+(If set to the v)144 480 R .389(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389
+(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0
+-.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .36(SHELL B)144 492 R(UIL)
+-.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)
+5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2
+(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 504 Q -.15(xe)
+-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 516 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587
+(The search path for commands.)144 516 R .588
(It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks)
-5.588 F .471(for commands \(see)144 456 R F2 .471(COMMAND EXECUTION)
-2.971 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .472
-(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 468 S
-.536(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.036 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535
-(indicates the current directory)2.786 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535
-(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.035(oa)-.1 G(djacent)
--3.035 E .867(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 480 R .868
-(The def)5.868 F .868(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the)
--.1 F(administrator who installs)144 492 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C
+5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 528 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION)
+2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471
+(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 540 S
+.535(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535
+(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535
+(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent)
+-3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 552 R .868
+(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the)
+-.1 F(administrator who installs)144 564 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0 5(.A)C
(common v)-2.5 E(alue is)-.25 E/F4 10/Courier@0 SF
-(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 504 Q
-F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 516 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .471(If this v)144 528 R
-.471(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971
-E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .472
-(posix mode)2.972 F F0 .472(before reading)2.972 F .011
-(the startup \214les, as if the)144 540 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0
+(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 576 Q
+F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 588 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 600 R
+.472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)2.971
+E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .471
+(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011
+(the startup \214les, as if the)144 612 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0
(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011
-(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 552 Q F1(bash)2.5
+(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 624 Q F1(bash)2.5
E F0(enables)2.5 E F5(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft)
-2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F4(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 564 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0
-(If set, the v)144 576 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 636 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0
+(If set, the v)144 648 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR)
-108 588 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676
-(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 600 R .676
+108 660 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676
+(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 672 R .676
(alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923
-(nents to retain when e)144 612 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423
+(nents to retain when e)144 684 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423
E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see)
3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E
-(Characters remo)144 624 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
-(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 636 Q F0 1.174(The v)
-144 636 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see)
+(Characters remo)144 696 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
+(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS0)108 708 Q F0 1.174(The v)
+144 708 R 1.174(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F 1.174(xpanded \(see)
-.15 F F2(PR)3.674 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.424 E 1.174
(w\) and displayed by interacti)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 648 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PS1)108 660 Q F0 .065(The v)144 660 R
-.065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F F2(PR)
-2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065
-(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 672 R
-(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0
--.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 684 Q F0 .117(The v)144 684 R .117
-(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)
-2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The)
-5.118 E(def)144 696 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G
-(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 708 Q F0 1.116(The v)144 708 R 1.115
-(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select)
-3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR)
-144 720 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 March 15)144.29 E(17)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(shells after reading a command and before the command is e)144 720 Q
+-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E
+(17)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 18 18
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(PS4)108 84 Q F0 .1(The v)144 84 R .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25
-F .1(xpanded as with)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101
-(and the v)2.35 F .101(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1
-(bash)144 96 Q F0 .335(displays during an e)2.835 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335
-(cution trace.).15 F .335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335
-(xpanded v)-.15 F .335(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.834 E F0 .334(is repli-)
-2.584 F(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 108 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5
-(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.)
-.15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74
-E F1(SHELL)108 120 Q F0 .663(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 132
-R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)
--.25 F .664(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 144 Q F1
-(bash)2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5
-E 2.5(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 156 Q(T)-.95 E F0
-.827(The v)144 168 R .826
+SF(PS1)108 84 Q F0 .064(The v)144 84 R .065(alue of this parameter is e)
+-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)2.565 E
+(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065(w\) and used as the primary prompt)
+-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 96 R(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E
+(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 108 Q
+F0 .118(The v)144 108 R .118(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118
+(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.617 E F0 .117
+(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The)5.117 E(def)144
+120 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS3)
+108 132 Q F0 1.115(The v)144 132 R 1.115
+(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select)
+3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR)
+144 144 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 156 Q F0
+.101(The v)144 156 R .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101
+(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1
+(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 168 Q F0 .334
+(displays during an e)2.834 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .335(cution trace.).15 F
+.335(The \214rst character of the e)5.335 F .335(xpanded v)-.15 F .335
+(alue of)-.25 F F2(PS4)2.835 E F0 .335(is repli-)2.585 F
+(cated multiple times, as necessary)144 180 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5
+G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ls of indirection.).15 E
+(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1
+(SHELL)108 192 Q F0 .664(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 204 R
+.664(ept in this en)-.1 F .664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25
+F .663(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 216 Q F1(bash)
+2.5 E F0(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5
+(sl)-.55 G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 228 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826
+(The v)144 240 R .826
(alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F
-3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648
-(pipelines pre\214x)144 180 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0
-(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
-(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712
-(an escape sequence that is e)144 192 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
-.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F
-(and their meanings are as follo)144 204 Q
-(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 222 Q F0 2.5
-(Al)194 222 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 234 Q/F3 10
+3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649
+(pipelines pre\214x)144 252 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0
+(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
+(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711
+(an escape sequence that is e)144 264 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
+.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F
+(and their meanings are as follo)144 276 Q
+(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 294 Q F0 2.5
+(Al)194 294 S(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 306 Q/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)194
-234 Q F1(%[)144 246 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0
-(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 246 Q F1(%[)144 258 Q
+306 Q F1(%[)144 318 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0
+(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)194 318 Q F1(%[)144 330 Q
F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)194
-258 Q F1(%P)144 270 Q F0
-(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 270 Q .87
-(The optional)144 286.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
+330 Q F1(%P)144 342 Q F0
+(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)194 342 Q .87
+(The optional)144 358.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87
-(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A)
-144 298.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025
-(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025
-(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537
-(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 310.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3
-(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E
-F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 322.8 Q
-(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 339.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0
+(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A)
+144 370.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025
+(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026
+(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538
+(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 382.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F3
+(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E
+F3(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 394.8 Q
+(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 411.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0
.668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F
-F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va)
-3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 351.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0
-(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.364
-(If this v)144 368.4 R 13.364(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865
-E F0 13.365(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)
-144 380.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113
+F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va)
+3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 423.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0
+(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E 13.365
+(If this v)144 440.4 R 13.365(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)15.865
+E F0 13.364(acts as if it had the v)15.865 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)
+144 452.4 Q(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys\\t%3lS\010)-.18 E F0 7.113
(.I)C 4.613(ft)-7.113 G 2.113(he v)-4.613 F 2.113
(alue is null, no timing information is dis-)-.25 F 2.5(played. A)144
-392.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E
+464.4 R(trailing ne)2.5 E
(wline is added when the format string is displayed.)-.25 E F1(TMOUT)108
-404.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 416.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,)
+476.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 488.4 R .941(alue greater than zero,)
-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941
(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441
-G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 428.4 Q F1(select)2.811 E F0 .311
-(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811 F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
-(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F
-.885(ing from a terminal.)144 440.4 R .885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185
--.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .886
-(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 452.4
+G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 500.4 Q F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31
+(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F .611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
+(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F
+.886(ing from a terminal.)144 512.4 R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185
+-.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15 F .885
+(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144 524.4
S 1.05(it for a line of input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1
(Bash)6.05 E F0 1.05(terminates after w)3.55 F 1.05(aiting for that)-.1
-F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 464.4
-Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 476.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 488.4
-R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39
-(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391
-(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 500.4 Q 2.5(su)
--.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 512.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144
-524.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531
-(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53
-(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 536.4 R
+F(number of seconds if a complete line of input does not arri)144 536.4
+Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 548.4 Q F0 .391(If set,)144 560.4
+R F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(uses its v)2.891 F .391
+(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39
+(creates temporary \214les for the)2.89 F(shell')144 572.4 Q 2.5(su)-.55
+G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 584.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 596.4
+R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531
+(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531
+(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 608.4 R
.538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\
- for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 548.4 S .367(isting stopped job)
-.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366
-(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F
-1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144
-560.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this)
-3.805 F(conte)144 572.4 Q 1.133
+ for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 620.4 S .366(isting stopped job)
+.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366
+(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F
+1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144
+632.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this)
+3.805 F(conte)144 644.4 Q 1.132
(xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v)
-6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132
-(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624
-(match the name of a stopped job e)144 584.4 R .624(xactly; if set to)
--.15 F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625
-(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885
-(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 596.4 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he)
--5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884
-(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 608.4 Q F1(%?)3.333 E
-F0 .833(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F F2 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27
+6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133
+(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625
+(match the name of a stopped job e)144 656.4 R .624(xactly; if set to)
+-.15 F F3(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624
+(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884
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148.8 R F1<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441
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--2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077
-(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F3(0)2.577 E F0 .078
-(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015
-(same width.)108 535.2 R .015(When either)5.015 F F3(x)2.515 E F0(or)
-2.515 E F3(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\
+(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108
+616.8 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi)
+-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077
+(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077
+(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014
+(same width.)108 628.8 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or)
+2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\
empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143
-(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 547.2 R
+(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 640.8 R
6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F
-(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 559.2 S 1.064(pands to each character le)
-.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F3(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E
-F3(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G
-1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .983
-(that both)108 571.2 R F3(x)3.483 E F0(and)3.483 E F3(y)3.483 E F0 .983
-(must be of the same type.)3.483 F .984
+(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 652.8 S 1.064(pands to each character le)
+.15 F 1.064(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.564 E F0(and)3.564 E
+F2(y)3.564 E F0 3.564(,i)C(nclusi)-3.564 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.564(,u).15 G
+1.064(sing the def)-3.564 F 1.064(ault C locale.)-.1 F(Note)6.064 E .984
+(that both)108 664.8 R F2(x)3.484 E F0(and)3.484 E F2(y)3.484 E F0 .983
+(must be of the same type.)3.484 F .983
(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.983 F(ference)
--.25 E(between each term.)108 583.2 Q(The def)5 E
-(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .582(Brace e)108 600
-R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581
-(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581
-(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015
-(are preserv)108 612 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015
-(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016
-(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016
-(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 624 Q(xt of the e)
--.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)-.15 E 3.633(Ac)
-108 640.8 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(xpansion must \
-contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F
-3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 652.8 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F
-5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
-(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
-(unchanged. A)108 664.8 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0
-.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255
-(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91
-(sion. T)108 676.8 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41
-(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
-F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
-(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 688.8 Q
-(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\
-ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\
-gs to be generated is)108 705.6 R(longer than in the abo)108 717.6 Q .3
--.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)
-144.29 E(20)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+-.25 E(between each term.)108 676.8 Q(The def)5 E
+(ault increment is 1 or \2551 as appropriate.)-.1 E .581(Brace e)108
+693.6 R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581
+(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582
+(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016
+(are preserv)108 705.6 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
+(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015
+(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015
+(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 717.6 Q
+(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)
+-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(20)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 21 21
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
-(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 84 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E
-(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 96 Q(cho)144 108 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E
-(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618
-(Brace e)108 124.8 R .618
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E 3.632(Ac)108 84 S
+1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132(xpansion must contain unqu\
+oted opening and closing braces, and at least one)-.15 F 3.441
+(unquoted comma or a v)108 96 R 3.441(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941
+(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441(ncorrectly formed brace e)
+-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755(unchanged. A)108 108 R/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255
+(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255
+(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911
+(sion. T)108 120 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411
+(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
+F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
+(xpan-)-.15 E(sion, and inhibits brace e)108 132 Q
+(xpansion until the closing)-.15 E F1(})2.5 E F0(.)A 1.476(This constru\
+ct is typically used as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strin\
+gs to be generated is)108 148.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 160.8 Q .3
+-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144
+177.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 189.6 Q(cho)144
+201.6 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15
+E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 218.4 R .618
(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
-.618(ersions of)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)
-5.618 E F0 .618(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248
-(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 136.8 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G
-.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247
-(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 148.8 Q -.15
+.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
+(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
+(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 230.4 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
+.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
+(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 242.4 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03
(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh)
-3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 160.8 Q F0
-.515(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F
-.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514
-(after e)3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436
-(If strict compatibility with)108 172.8 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
+3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 254.4 Q F0
+.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F
+.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515
+(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437
+(If strict compatibility with)108 266.4 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1
-(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437
-(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 184.8 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
+(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436
+(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 278.4 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)
-87 201.6 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 213.6 R 1.087(ord be)
--.1 F 1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0
-1.086('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\
+87 295.2 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 307.2 R 1.086(ord be)
+-.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0
+1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\
slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\
-ed a)108 225.6 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685
-(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\
-\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 237.6 R
-.725(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 249.6 Q
-.522(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522
+ed a)108 319.2 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685
+(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\
+\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 331.2 R
+.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 343.2 Q
+.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 261.6 Q/F4
-9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287
-(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286
-(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\
+-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 355.2 Q/F4
+9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E F0 .287
+(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287
+(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\
ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \
-with the speci\214ed login name.)108 273.6 Q .092
-(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 290.4 R .092
+with the speci\214ed login name.)108 367.2 Q .093
+(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 384 R .092
(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092
-(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
-5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 302.4 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904
+(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
+5.092 F 3.403(a`)108 396 S .903(~\255', the v)-3.403 F .903
(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0
-.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo)
-5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641
-(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 314.4 R F2(N)4.141
-E F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642
-(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\
-ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108
-326.4 R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0 -.2(bu)
-108 338.4 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954(dw).1 G
-.454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F
-.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455
-(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F
+.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo)
+5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642
+(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 408 R F2(N)4.142 E
+F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.641
+(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\
+ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 420
+R 1.438(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.938 E F0 -.2(bu)108 432
+S .455(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.955(dw).1 G .455
+(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F .454
+(the characters follo)2.954 F .454(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)
+-.25 F
(consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)
-108 350.4 Q(If the login name is in)108 367.2 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+108 444 Q(If the login name is in)108 460.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E
-(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .167(Each v)108 384 R .167
+(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 477.6 R .167
(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)
-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E
-F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.666 E F0 5.166(.I)C(n)-5.166 E
-.467(these cases, tilde e)108 396 R .467(xpansion is also performed.)
--.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .468
-(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108 408
-Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)-.666 G
-(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F4
-(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E(alue.)-.25 E
-F1 -.1(Pa)87 424.8 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.606(The `)108 436.8 R
-F1($)A F0 4.106('c)C 1.606(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.106 F
-1.605(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.105
-(xpansion. The)-.15 F .406(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 448.8 R
-.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .407
-(ut serv)-.2 F 2.907(et)-.15 G 2.907(op)-2.907 G(ro-)-2.907 E .033
-(tect the v)108 460.8 R .033(ariable to be e)-.25 F .033
-(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .032
+F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E
+.468(these cases, tilde e)108 489.6 R .468(xpansion is also performed.)
+-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467
+(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108
+501.6 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)
+-.666 G(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.25 E F3(CDP)2.5 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
+.855 E F4(,)A F0(and the shell assigns the e)2.25 E(xpanded v)-.15 E
+(alue.)-.25 E F1 -.1(Pa)87 518.4 S(rameter Expansion).1 E F0 1.605
+(The `)108 530.4 R F1($)A F0 4.105('c)C 1.605
+(haracter introduces parameter e)-4.105 F 1.606
+(xpansion, command substitution, or arithmetic e)-.15 F 4.106
+(xpansion. The)-.15 F .407(parameter name or symbol to be e)108 542.4 R
+.407(xpanded may be enclosed in braces, which are optional b)-.15 F .406
+(ut serv)-.2 F 2.906(et)-.15 G 2.906(op)-2.906 G(ro-)-2.906 E .032
+(tect the v)108 554.4 R .032(ariable to be e)-.25 F .032
+(xpanded from characters immediately follo)-.15 F .033
(wing it which could be interpreted as part)-.25 F(of the name.)108
-472.8 Q 1.189
+566.4 Q 1.19
(When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the \214rst `)108
-489.6 R F1(})A F0 3.69('n)C 1.19(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)
--3.69 F 2.15(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108
-501.6 R 2.15(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15
-(ex)108 513.6 S(pansion.).15 E(${)108 530.4 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0
-(})A 1.204(The v)144 542.4 R 1.204(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.704 E(ameter)
--.15 E F0 1.204(is substituted.)3.704 F 1.204
-(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2(par)4.955 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
-1.205(is a positional)4.435 F .264
-(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 554.4 R F2(par)4.014 E
+583.2 R F1(})A F0 3.689('n)C 1.189
+(ot escaped by a backslash or within a)-3.689 F 2.15
+(quoted string, and not within an embedded arithmetic e)108 595.2 R 2.15
+(xpansion, command substitution, or parameter)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 607.2 S
+(pansion.).15 E(${)108 624 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F0(})A 1.205(The v)
+144 636 R 1.205(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.705 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204
+(is substituted.)3.705 F 1.204(The braces are required when)6.204 F F2
+(par)4.954 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.204(is a positional)4.434 F .264
+(parameter with more than one digit, or when)144 648 R F2(par)4.014 E
(ameter)-.15 E F0 .264(is follo)3.494 F .264
-(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.676
-(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 566.4 R(The)7.677 E F2(par)
-5.177 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.677(is a shell parameter as described abo)
-5.177 F -.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 578.4 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o)
-C 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0
-(\).)A .347(If the \214rst character of)108 595.2 R F2(par)2.846 E
-(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F
-F1(!)A F0 .346(\), and)B F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .346(is not a)
-2.846 F F2(namer)2.846 E(ef)-.37 E F0 2.846(,i)C 2.846(ti)-2.846 G
-(ntroduces)-2.846 E 2.634(al)108 607.2 S -2.15 -.25(ev e)-2.634 H 2.634
-(lo).25 G 2.634(fv)-2.634 G .134(ariable indirection.)-2.884 F F1(Bash)
-5.134 E F0 .134(uses the v)2.634 F .134(alue of the v)-.25 F .134
-(ariable formed from the rest of)-.25 F F2(par)2.635 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
-.135(as the)2.635 F 1.004(name of the v)108 619.2 R 1.003
+(wed by a character which is not to)-.25 F 2.677
+(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 660 R(The)7.677 E F2(par)5.177
+E(ameter)-.15 E F0 2.676(is a shell parameter as described abo)5.177 F
+-.15(ve)-.15 G F1 -.74(PA)144 672 S(RAMETERS).74 E F0 2.5(\)o)C 2.5(ra)
+-2.5 G 2.5(na)-2.5 G(rray reference \()-2.5 E F1(Arrays)A F0(\).)A .346
+(If the \214rst character of)108 688.8 R F2(par)2.846 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
+.346(is an e)2.846 F .346(xclamation point \()-.15 F F1(!)A F0 .346
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R 1.931(xing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, i\
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Q 1.396 -.1(ve m)-.1 H 1.196(atching pr).1 F 1.196(e\214x patter)-.18 F
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-(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.413 E F1(@)2.683 E F0(or)144 321.6 Q F1(*)3.018 E
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G .518
(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the e)
--3.018 F(xpan-)-.15 E 1.122(sion is the resultant list.)144 333.6 R(If)
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6.121 E F2(par)4.871 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 1.121(is an array v)4.351 F
1.121(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.621 E F0(or)3.621 E F1(*)
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(va)-.15 G 2.53(lo).25 G .03
(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)
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-144 398.4 Q .347 -.1(ve m)-.1 H .147(atching suf\214x patter).1 F(n)-.15
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-(xpanded v)-.15 F .458(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)4.209 E(ameter)-.15 E F0
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-(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.092(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 434.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E
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+(xpanded v)-.15 F 2.093(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)144 499.2 Q(ameter)-.15 E
F0 3.15(,t).73 G .65(hen the result of the e)-3.15 F .65
(xpansion is the e)-.15 F .65(xpanded v)-.15 F .65(alue of)-.25 F F2
-(par)4.4 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .65(with the shortest)3.88 F 1.085
-(matching pattern \(the `)144 446.4 R(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.565 -.74
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+(matching pattern \(the `)144 511.2 R(`)-.74 E F1(%)A F0 2.564 -.74
('' c)D 1.084(ase\) or the longest matching pattern \(the `).74 F(`)-.74
-E F1(%%)A F0 2.564 -.74('' c)D 1.084(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.084 E F2
-(par)145.25 458.4 Q(ameter)-.15 E F0(is)3.389 E F1(@)2.659 E F0(or)2.659
-E F1(*)2.659 E F0 2.659(,t)C .159(he pattern remo)-2.659 F -.25(va)-.15
-G 2.659(lo).25 G .16
-(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .51
-(and the e)144 470.4 R .51(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)
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-(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.009 E F0(or)3.009 E F1(*)3.009 E
-F0(,)A .422(the pattern remo)144 482.4 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.922(lo).25 G
+E F1(%%)A F0 2.565 -.74('' c)D 1.085(ase\) deleted.).74 F(If)6.085 E F2
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+(peration is applied to each positional parameter in turn,)-2.659 F .509
+(and the e)144 535.2 R .509(xpansion is the resultant list.)-.15 F(If)
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+(ariable subscripted with)-.25 F F1(@)3.01 E F0(or)3.01 E F1(*)3.01 E F0
+(,)A .423(the pattern remo)144 547.2 R -.25(va)-.15 G 2.923(lo).25 G
.422(peration is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the e)
--2.922 F .423(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 494.4 Q(${)108
-511.2 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0
-(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 523.2 S(tter).1 E 3.607(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.607
-E F0 6.107(.T)C(he)-6.107 E F2(pattern)3.607 E F0 1.107(is e)3.607 F
-1.106(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)
--.15 E(sion,)144 535.2 Q F2 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2
-(is e)3.7 F 1.2(xpanded and the longest match of)-.15 F F2(pattern)3.7 E
-F0(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2
-(string)144 547.2 Q F0 5.397(.T)C .397
-(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.397 F F1 -.1
-(Pa)2.896 G(tter).1 E 2.896(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.896 E F0(belo)2.896 E
-4.196 -.65(w. I)-.25 H(f).65 E F2(pat-)2.896 E(tern)144 559.2 Q F0(be)
-2.569 E .069(gins with)-.15 F F1(/)2.569 E F0 2.569(,a)C .069
-(ll matches of)-2.569 F F2(pattern)2.569 E F0 .069(are replaced with)
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-(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.07 F 2.58(replaced. If)144 571.2 R
-F2(pattern)2.58 E F0(be)2.58 E .08(gins with)-.15 F F1(#)2.58 E F0 2.58
-(,i)C 2.58(tm)-2.58 G .079(ust match at the be)-2.58 F .079
-(ginning of the e)-.15 F .079(xpanded v)-.15 F .079(alue of)-.25 F F2
-(par)2.579 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 583.2 Q F0 5.761(.I)C(f)-5.761 E F2
-(pattern)3.261 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)-.15 F F1(%)3.261 E F0
-3.261(,i)C 3.261(tm)-3.261 G .761(ust match at the end of the e)-3.261 F
-.761(xpanded v)-.15 F .761(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)3.262 E(ameter)-.15 E
-F0 5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F2(string)144 595.2 Q F0 .958
-(is null, matches of)3.458 F F2(pattern)3.458 E F0 .958
-(are deleted and the)3.458 F F1(/)3.458 E F0(follo)3.458 E(wing)-.25 E
-F2(pattern)3.457 E F0 .957(may be omitted.)3.457 F .957(If the)5.957 F
-F1(nocasematch)144 607.2 Q F0 .492
+-2.923 F .422(xpansion is)-.15 F(the resultant list.)144 559.2 Q(${)108
+576 Q F2(par)A(ameter)-.15 E F1(/)A F2(pattern)A F1(/)A F2(string)A F0
+(})A F1 -.1(Pa)144 588 S(tter).1 E 3.606(ns)-.15 G(ubstitution)-3.606 E
+F0 6.106(.T)C(he)-6.106 E F2(pattern)3.606 E F0 1.106(is e)3.606 F 1.107
+(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E
+(sion,)144 600 Q F2 -.8(Pa)3.7 G -.15(ra).8 G(meter).15 E F0 1.2(is e)
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+(ag)3.7 E 1.2(ainst its v)-.05 F 1.2(alue is replaced with)-.25 F F2
+(string)144 612 Q F0 5.396(.T)C .396
+(he match is performed using the rules described under)-5.396 F F1 -.1
+(Pa)2.897 G(tter).1 E 2.897(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.897 E F0(belo)2.897 E
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+F F2(pattern)2.57 E F0 .069(are replaced with)2.569 F F2(string)2.569 E
+F0 5.069(.N)C .069(ormally only the \214rst match is)-5.069 F 2.579
+(replaced. If)144 636 R F2(pattern)2.579 E F0(be)2.579 E .079(gins with)
+-.15 F F1(#)2.579 E F0 2.579(,i)C 2.579(tm)-2.579 G .079
+(ust match at the be)-2.579 F .08(ginning of the e)-.15 F .08(xpanded v)
+-.15 F .08(alue of)-.25 F F2(par)2.58 E(am-)-.15 E(eter)144 648 Q F0
+5.762(.I)C(f)-5.762 E F2(pattern)3.262 E F0(be)3.261 E .761(gins with)
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-(list)A F1(\)).833 E F0(or)3.25 E F1(>\()3.25 E F2(list)A F1(\)).833 E
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.827(to a non-null v)3.077 F .827(alue has the ef)-.25 F .827(fect of)
--.25 F .683(enabling the)108 184.8 R F3(dotglob)3.183 E F0 .682
-(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.183 F .682(ginning with a)
--.15 F F3 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.)
-5.682 F 2.282 -.8(To g)5.682 H .682(et the old).8 F(beha)108 196.8 Q
-1.184(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.184(ginning with a)-.15 F
-F3 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)
--.1 E F3 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.185
-(one of the patterns in)6.185 F F1(GLOBIGNORE)3.685 E F2(.)A F0(The)108
-208.8 Q F3(dotglob)3.132 E F0 .632(option is disabled when)3.132 F F1
-(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .631
-(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 220.8 Q F3
-(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F3 -.1(Pa)108 237.6 S(tter).1 E
-2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 254.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\
+-.25 F .682(enabling the)108 208.8 R F1(dotglob)3.182 E F0 .682
+(shell option, so all other \214lenames be)3.182 F .682(ginning with a)
+-.15 F F1 -.63(``)3.182 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 .682(will match.)
+5.682 F 2.283 -.8(To g)5.683 H .683(et the old).8 F(beha)108 220.8 Q
+1.185(vior of ignoring \214lenames be)-.2 F 1.185(ginning with a)-.15 F
+F1 -.63(``)3.684 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08 E F0 3.684(,m)C(ak)-3.684 E(e)
+-.1 E F1 -.63(``)3.684 G(.*').63 E(')-.63 E F0 1.184
+(one of the patterns in)6.184 F F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.684 E F3(.)A F0(The)108
+232.8 Q F1(dotglob)3.131 E F0 .631(option is disabled when)3.131 F F2
+(GLOBIGNORE)3.132 E F0 .632(is unset.)2.882 F .632
+(The pattern matching honors the setting of)5.632 F(the)108 244.8 Q F1
+(extglob)2.5 E F0(shell option.)2.5 E F1 -.1(Pa)108 261.6 S(tter).1 E
+2.5(nM)-.15 G(atching)-2.5 E F0(An)108 278.4 Q 3.138(yc)-.15 G .638(har\
acter that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern charact\
ers described belo)-3.138 F 1.938 -.65(w, m)-.25 H(atches).65 E 3.62
-(itself. The)108 266.4 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)
+(itself. The)108 290.4 R 1.12(NUL character may not occur in a pattern.)
3.62 F 3.62(Ab)6.12 G 1.12(ackslash escapes the follo)-3.62 F 1.12
(wing character; the)-.25 F .576
-(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 278.4 R .576
+(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 302.4 R .576
(The special pattern characters must be quoted if the)5.576 F 3.076(ya)
--.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 290.4 Q(.)-.65 E
-(The special pattern characters ha)108 307.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F3(*)144 324 Q F0 .377(Matches an)
-180 324 R 2.877(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.877
-F .376(When the)5.376 F F3(globstar)2.876 E F0 .376
-(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 336 Q F3(*)3.275 E F0 .775
+-.15 G(re)-3.076 E(to be matched literally)108 314.4 Q(.)-.65 E
+(The special pattern characters ha)108 331.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
+(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1(*)144 348 Q F0 .376(Matches an)
+180 348 R 2.876(ys)-.15 G .376(tring, including the null string.)-2.876
+F .376(When the)5.376 F F1(globstar)2.876 E F0 .377
+(shell option is enabled,)2.876 F(and)180 360 Q F1(*)3.275 E F0 .775
(is used in a pathname e)3.275 F .775(xpansion conte)-.15 F .775(xt, tw)
--.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F3(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775
+-.15 F 3.275(oa)-.1 G(djacent)-3.275 E F1(*)3.275 E F0 3.275(su)C .775
(sed as a single pattern)-3.275 F 1.058(will match all \214les and zero\
- or more directories and subdirectories.)180 348 R 1.058(If follo)6.058
-F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F3(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 360 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G
-(djacent)-2.5 E F3(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C
-(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F3(?)144 372 Q F0
-(Matches an)180 372 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F3
-([...])144 384 Q F0 .578(Matches an)180 384 R 3.078(yo)-.15 G .578
-(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.078 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .579
-(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .685
-(denotes a)180 396 R F4 -.15(ra)3.185 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)
+ or more directories and subdirectories.)180 372 R 1.058(If follo)6.058
+F 1.058(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)3.558 E F0(,)A(tw)180 384 Q 2.5(oa)-.1 G
+(djacent)-2.5 E F1(*)2.5 E F0 2.5(sw)C
+(ill match only directories and subdirectories.)-2.5 E F1(?)144 396 Q F0
+(Matches an)180 396 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(ingle character)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
+([...])144 408 Q F0 .579(Matches an)180 408 R 3.079(yo)-.15 G .579
+(ne of the enclosed characters.)-3.079 F 3.079(Ap)5.579 G .578
+(air of characters separated by a h)-3.079 F(yphen)-.05 E .684
+(denotes a)180 420 R F4 -.15(ra)3.184 G(ng).15 E 3.184(ee)-.1 G(xpr)
-3.384 E(ession)-.37 E F0 3.184(;a)C .984 -.15(ny c)-3.184 H .684
-(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.184(oc)-.1 G
-.684(haracters, inclu-)-3.184 F(si)180 408 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,u).15
-G 1.212(sing the current locale')-3.712 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212
-(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.213(If the)
-6.213 F 1.124(\214rst character follo)180 420 R 1.124(wing the)-.25 F F3
-([)3.624 E F0 1.124(is a)3.624 F F3(!)3.624 E F0 1.124(or a)6.124 F F3
-(^)3.623 E F0 1.123(then an)3.623 F 3.623(yc)-.15 G 1.123
-(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.623 F .894
-(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 432 R .895
-(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .376(and the v)
-180 444 R .376(alues of the)-.25 F F1(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or)
-2.625 E F1(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375
-(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.975 -.8(To o)5.375 H .375(btain the tra-).8
-F .067(ditional interpretation of range e)180 456 R .067
-(xpressions, where)-.15 F F3([a\255d])2.567 E F0 .068(is equi)2.568 F
--.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F3([abcd])2.568 E F0 2.568(,s)C .068
-(et v)-2.568 F(alue)-.25 E .157(of the)180 468 R F3(LC_ALL)2.657 E F0
-.157(shell v)2.657 F .157(ariable to)-.25 F F3(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C
-2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F3(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0
-.156(shell option.)2.656 F(A)5.156 E F3<ad>2.656 E F0(may)2.656 E .193(\
+(haracter that f).15 F .684(alls between those tw)-.1 F 3.185(oc)-.1 G
+.685(haracters, inclu-)-3.185 F(si)180 432 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.713(,u).15
+G 1.213(sing the current locale')-3.713 F 3.712(sc)-.55 G 1.212
+(ollating sequence and character set, is matched.)-3.712 F 1.212(If the)
+6.212 F 1.123(\214rst character follo)180 444 R 1.123(wing the)-.25 F F1
+([)3.623 E F0 1.123(is a)3.623 F F1(!)3.623 E F0 1.124(or a)6.123 F F1
+(^)3.624 E F0 1.124(then an)3.624 F 3.624(yc)-.15 G 1.124
+(haracter not enclosed is matched.)-3.624 F .895
+(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 456 R .894
+(xpressions is determined by the current locale)-.15 F .375(and the v)
+180 468 R .375(alues of the)-.25 F F2(LC_COLLA)2.875 E(TE)-.855 E F0(or)
+2.625 E F2(LC_ALL)2.875 E F0 .375(shell v)2.625 F .375
+(ariables, if set.)-.25 F 1.976 -.8(To o)5.376 H .376(btain the tra-).8
+F .068(ditional interpretation of range e)180 480 R .068
+(xpressions, where)-.15 F F1([a\255d])2.568 E F0 .067(is equi)2.567 F
+-.25(va)-.25 G .067(lent to).25 F F1([abcd])2.567 E F0 2.567(,s)C .067
+(et v)-2.567 F(alue)-.25 E .156(of the)180 492 R F1(LC_ALL)2.656 E F0
+.156(shell v)2.656 F .156(ariable to)-.25 F F1(C)2.657 E F0 2.657(,o)C
+2.657(re)-2.657 G .157(nable the)-2.657 F F1(globasciiranges)2.657 E F0
+.157(shell option.)2.657 F(A)5.157 E F1<ad>2.657 E F0(may)2.657 E .193(\
be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.)
-180 480 R(A)5.193 E F3(])2.693 E F0 .194(may be matched by)2.693 F
-(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 492 Q -.4(Wi)180
-510 S(thin).4 E F3([)3.071 E F0(and)3.071 E F3(])3.071 E F0(,)A F4 -.15
-(ch)3.071 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571
-(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F3([:)3.07 E F4(class)A F3
-(:])A F0 3.07(,w)C(here)-3.07 E F4(class)3.07 E F0(is one of the follo)
-180 522 Q(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F3 8.173
-(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 534 R 8.173
-(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 546 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0
-4.29(Ac)180 558 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.29 F 4.289(yc)-.15
-G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F3 -.1
-(wo)4.289 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.289 E
-(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 570 Q -.4(Wi)
-180 588 S(thin).4 E F3([)4.536 E F0(and)4.536 E F3(])4.536 E F0 4.536
-(,a)C(n)-4.536 E F4 2.036(equivalence class)4.536 F F0 2.037
-(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F3([=)4.537 E F4(c)A F3(=])
-A F0 4.537(,w)C(hich)-4.537 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
- collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 600 R
-(the character)180 612 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 630 S(thin).4 E F3
-([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F3(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F3([.)2.5
-E F4(symbol)A F3(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol)
-2.5 E F0(.)A .704(If the)108 646.8 R F3(extglob)3.204 E F0 .705
-(shell option is enabled using the)3.204 F F3(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.205 G .705(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .705(ral e).15 F .705
-(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108
-658.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F4
+180 504 R(A)5.193 E F1(])2.693 E F0 .193(may be matched by)2.693 F
+(including it as the \214rst character in the set.)180 516 Q -.4(Wi)180
+534 S(thin).4 E F1([)3.07 E F0(and)3.07 E F1(])3.07 E F0(,)A F4 -.15(ch)
+3.07 G(ar).15 E .571(acter classes)-.15 F F0 .571
+(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)3.071 F F1([:)3.071 E F4(class)A F1
+(:])A F0 3.071(,w)C(here)-3.071 E F4(class)3.071 E F0
+(is one of the follo)180 546 Q
+(wing classes de\214ned in the POSIX standard:)-.25 E F1 8.173
+(alnum alpha ascii blank cntrl digit graph lo)180 558 R 8.173
+(wer print punct space)-.1 F 5(upper w)180 570 R 5(ord xdigit)-.1 F F0
+4.289(Ac)180 582 S 1.789(haracter class matches an)-4.289 F 4.289(yc)
+-.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1
+-.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E
+(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 594 Q -.4(Wi)
+180 612 S(thin).4 E F1([)4.537 E F0(and)4.537 E F1(])4.537 E F0 4.537
+(,a)C(n)-4.537 E F4 2.037(equivalence class)4.537 F F0 2.036
+(can be speci\214ed using the syntax)4.536 F F1([=)4.536 E F4(c)A F1(=])
+A F0 4.536(,w)C(hich)-4.536 E .125(matches all characters with the same\
+ collation weight \(as de\214ned by the current locale\) as)180 624 R
+(the character)180 636 Q F4(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)180 654 S(thin).4 E F1
+([)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5
+E F4(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F4(symbol)
+2.5 E F0(.)A .705(If the)108 670.8 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705
+(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704
+(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108
+682.8 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F4
(pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255
-(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F3(|)2.755 E
+(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E
F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)
-108 670.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F3(?\()144 694.8 Q F4
-(pattern-list).833 E F3(\)).833 E F0
-(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 706.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E
-(26)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+108 694.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)
+150.675 E(26)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(*\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E
-F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
-(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 120 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list)
-.833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 144 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 156 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
-(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 168 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)
--.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E .968(Complicated e)108
-184.8 R .968(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F .968
-(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.269 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .969
+SF(?\()144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E
+F0(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 96 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 108 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\))
+.833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 120 Q -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 132 Q F2(pattern-list).833
+E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 144 Q
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 156 Q F2
+(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 168 Q
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 180 Q F2
+(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0(Matches an)180 192 Q(ything e)-.15
+E(xcept one of the gi)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E
+.969(Complicated e)108 208.8 R .969(xtended pattern matching ag)-.15 F
+.969(ainst long strings is slo)-.05 F 2.268 -.65(w, e)-.25 H .968
(specially when the patterns contain).65 F 1.23
-(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 196.8 R 1.23
+(alternations and the strings contain multiple matches.)108 220.8 R 1.23
(Using separate matches ag)6.23 F 1.23(ainst shorter strings, or)-.05 F
(using arrays of strings instead of a single long string, may be f)108
-208.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 225.6 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1
-E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 237.6 R 1.112
+232.8 Q(aster)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1(Quote Remo)87 249.6 Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1
+E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 261.6 R 1.113
(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\)
-3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F1(")4.446 E F0
-1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 249.6 Q .3
+3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0
+1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 273.6 Q .3
-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F3
-10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 266.4 Q F0 .545
-(Before a command is e)108 278.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
+10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 290.4 Q F0 .545
+(Before a command is e)108 302.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E
(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .405
-(by the shell.)108 290.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\
+(by the shell.)108 314.4 R .405(Redirection allo)5.405 F .405(ws comman\
ds' \214le handles to be duplicated, opened, closed, made to refer to)
--.25 F(dif)108 302.4 Q 1.02(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les \
-the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.019
-(Redirection may also be)6.019 F .215
-(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 314.4 R -.15
+-.25 F(dif)108 326.4 Q 1.019(ferent \214les, and can change the \214les\
+ the command reads from and writes to.)-.25 F 1.02
+(Redirection may also be)6.02 F .215
+(used to modify \214le handles in the current shell e)108 338.4 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .215(cution en).15 F 2.715(vironment. The)-.4 F(follo)2.715 E
-.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .876(may precede or appear an)108
-326.4 R .876(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0
-.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.375(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.875(.R).77 G
-.875(edirections are)-5.875 F(processed in the order the)108 338.4 Q 2.5
+.215(wing redirection operators)-.25 F .875(may precede or appear an)108
+350.4 R .875(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .875(simple command)3.715 F F0
+.875(or may follo)4.145 F 3.376(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5.876(.R).77 G
+.876(edirections are)-5.876 F(processed in the order the)108 362.4 Q 2.5
(ya)-.15 G(ppear)-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Eac\
h redirection that may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may in\
-stead be preceded by a w)108 355.2 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)
-108 367.2 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293
+stead be preceded by a w)108 379.2 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)
+108 391.2 R F2(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293
(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293
-(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.179<618c>108 379.2
-S .679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.179
-F F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679
-(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 391.2 Q
-F0 .6(}, the v)B .6(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.1 E F0 .599
-(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.1 F .599(If {)5.599 F F2
-(varname)A F0 3.099(}i)C 3.099(ss)-3.099 G .599
-(upplied, the redirection)-3.099 F 1.238(persists be)108 403.2 R 1.238
-(yond the scope of the command, allo)-.15 F 1.238
-(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)-.25 F
-(himself.)108 415.2 Q .284(In the follo)108 432 R .283(wing description\
-s, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst characte\
-r of the redirect-)-.25 F .512(ion operator is)108 444 R F1(<)3.012 E F0
-3.012(,t)C .512
+(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.18<618c>108 403.2 S
+.679(le descriptor greater than or equal to 10 and assign it to)-3.18 F
+F2(varname)3.179 E F0 5.679(.I)C 3.179(f>)-5.679 G .679
+(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.179 F F2(var)A(-)-.2 E(name)108 415.2 Q
+F0 .599(}, the v)B .599(alue of)-.25 F F2(varname)3.099 E F0 .599
+(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)3.099 F .6(If {)5.6 F F2
+(varname)A F0 3.1(}i)C 3.1(ss)-3.1 G .6(upplied, the redirection)-3.1 F
+1.238(persists be)108 427.2 R 1.238(yond the scope of the command, allo)
+-.15 F 1.238(wing the shell programmer to manage the \214le descriptor)
+-.25 F(himself.)108 439.2 Q .283(In the follo)108 456 R .284(wing descr\
+iptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitted, and the \214rst ch\
+aracter of the redirect-)-.25 F .513(ion operator is)108 468 R F1(<)
+3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512
(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
-3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F
-(redirection operator is)108 456 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
+(redirection operator is)108 480 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
--2.5 E .825(The w)108 472.8 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
-(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824
-(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .462
-(jected to brace e)108 484.8 R .462(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .463
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .463(ariable e)-.25 F .463
-(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .867(metic e)108 496.8 R
-.867(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .867(l, pathname e).25 F
+-2.5 E .824(The w)108 496.8 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824
+(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825
+(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .463
+(jected to brace e)108 508.8 R .463(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .462
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .462(ariable e)-.25 F .462
+(xpansion, command substitution, arith-)-.15 F .866(metic e)108 520.8 R
+.866(xpansion, quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G .866(l, pathname e).25 F
.867(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .867(ord splitting.)-.1 F .867(If it e)5.867
-F .866(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 508.8 S(rd,).1 E F1
+F .867(xpands to more than one)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 532.8 S(rd,).1 E F1
(bash)2.5 E F0(reports an error)2.5 E(.)-.55 E
-(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 525.6 Q -.15
-(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 542.4 Q F1(>)2.5
+(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 549.6 Q -.15
+(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 566.4 Q F1(>)2.5
E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A
-(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 559.2
-Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 576
+(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 583.2
+Q F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 600
Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E .527
-(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 592.8 R F2(dirlist)3.027
+(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 616.8 R F2(dirlist)3.027
E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527
(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F
-(output before the standard output w)108 604.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E
-F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 621.6 Q F0 .599(handles se)3.099
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
--.15 G .598(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
-(wing)-.25 E 3.477(table. If)108 633.6 R .977
-(the operating system on which)3.477 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978
-(is running pro)3.478 F .978
+(output before the standard output w)108 628.8 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E
+F2(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 645.6 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
+-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
+(wing)-.25 E 3.478(table. If)108 657.6 R .978
+(the operating system on which)3.478 F F1(bash)3.478 E F0 .978
+(is running pro)3.478 F .977
(vides these special \214les, bash will use them;)-.15 F
-(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 645.6 Q
-(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 662.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15
-E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 674.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E
+(otherwise it will emulate them internally with the beha)108 669.6 Q
+(vior described belo)-.2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1(/de)144 686.4 Q(v/fd/)-.15
+E F2(fd)A F0(If)180 698.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E
(ger)-.15 E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(is duplicated.)2.5 E F1(/de)144 686.4 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0
-(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180 698.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 March 15)144.29 E(27)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(is duplicated.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(27)
+199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 28 28
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180
-96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stderr)-.15 E F0
-(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/tcp/)-.15
-E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 144 Q F2
-(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496
-(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 156 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
-(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144
-168 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 180 Q F2(host)
-2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
+SF(/de)144 84 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180
+96 Q F1(/de)144 108 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0
+(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 120 Q F1(/de)144 132 Q(v/stderr)
+-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 144 Q F1(/de)144 156 Q
+(v/tcp/)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180
+168 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497
(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(vice name,)180 180 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(attempts to open the corresponding TCP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E F1(/de)144
+192 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 204 Q F2(host)
+2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496
+(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
+(vice name,)180 216 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open the corresponding UDP sock)2.5 E(et.)-.1 E 2.5(Af)108
-208.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)
--2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\
-an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 225.6 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946
-(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F
-(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 237.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87
-254.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
+232.8 S(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)
+-2.6 E(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater th\
+an 9 should be used with care, as the)108 249.6 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947
+(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F
+(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87
+278.4 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 266.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
-(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 278.4 Q F2
+108 290.4 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
+(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 302.4 Q F2
(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G
(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0
(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
-(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 295.2 Q([)144 312 Q F2
-(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 328.8 Q(ecting Output)
--.18 E F0 .175
+(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 319.2 Q([)144 336 Q F2
+(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 352.8 Q(ecting Output)
+-.18 E F0 .174
(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 340.8 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174
-(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 352.8
-R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
-.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F
--.15(ex)108 364.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
+108 364.8 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175
+(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 376.8
+R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
+.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F
+-.15(ex)108 388.8 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E
-(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 381.6 Q([)144 398.4 Q
-F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155
-(If the redirection operator is)108 415.2 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C
-.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
-2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154
-(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 427.2 R
-.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658
-(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-)
-5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
+(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 405.6 Q([)144 422.4 Q
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154
+(If the redirection operator is)108 439.2 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C
+.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
+2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155
+(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 451.2 R
+.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657
+(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-)
+5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 463.2 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E
F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409
-(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408
+(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409
(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108
-451.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
+475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87
-468 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641
-(Redirection of output in this f)108 480 R .642
-(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474
-(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 492 R F2(n)2.974 E F0
+492 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642
+(Redirection of output in this f)108 504 R .642
+(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473
+(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 516 R F2(n)2.973 E F0
2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0
-.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108
-504 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
-(The general format for appending output is:)108 520.8 Q([)144 537.6 Q
-F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 554.4 Q
-(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
-(This construct allo)108 566.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0
+.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108
+528 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
+(The general format for appending output is:)108 544.8 Q([)144 561.6 Q
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 578.4 Q
+(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
+(This construct allo)108 590.4 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-578.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
-(There are tw)108 595.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+602.4 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
+(There are tw)108 619.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1
-(&>)144 612 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 624 Q F1(>&)144 636 Q F2(wor)
-A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 652.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+(&>)144 636 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 648 Q F1(>&)144 660 Q F2(wor)
+A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 676.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E
--.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 669.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
-E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 686.4 R F2(wor)
+-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 693.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
+E F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 710.4 R F2(wor)
2.614 E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)
--.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G
-.114(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 698.4 Q
+-.15 F F1<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G
+.115(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 722.4 Q
F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E
(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 March 15)144.29 E(28)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 June 8)150.675 E(28)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 29 29
%%BeginPageSetup
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF -.25(Ap)87 84 S(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)
--.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\
+-.18 E F0 .249(This construct allo)108 96 R .249(ws both the standard o\
utput \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le de\
scrip-)-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)
108 108 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E
192 Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
(Her)87 208.8 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\
ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \
-a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .614
-(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615
+a line containing only)108 220.8 R F2(delimiter)108.35 232.8 Q F0 .615
+(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615
(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615
F(dard input \(or \214le descriptor)108 244.8 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E
F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\) for a command.)2.5 E
(The format of here-documents is:)108 261.6 Q([)144 278.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])
A F1(<<)A F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 290.4 Q
-(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108
+(e-document)-.37 E(delimiter)144 302.4 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108
319.2 R .302(ariable e)-.25 F .302
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .301
+(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .302
(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .415(is performed on)108
331.2 R F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.415(.I).77 G 2.915(fa)-5.415 G .715
-.15(ny p)-2.915 H .415(art of).15 F F2(wor)3.255 E(d)-.37 E F0 .415
(is quoted, the)3.685 F F2(delimiter)3.265 E F0 .415
(is the result of quote remo)3.645 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.915(lo).25 G(n)
--2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .774
+-2.915 E F2(wor)2.915 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E .773
(and the lines in the here-document are not e)108 343.2 R 3.274
-(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.273 E(d)-.37 E F0 .773
-(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.273 F 2.59
+(xpanded. If)-.15 F F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 .774
+(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document)3.274 F 2.59
(are subjected to parameter e)108 355.2 R 2.59
(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 2.59
(xpansion, the character)-.15 F(sequence)108 367.2 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5
E F0(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0
(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5
-E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602
+E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601
(If the redirection operator is)108 384 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101(,t)
C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines and\
the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 396 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5(.T).73 G
-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 412.8 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0
2.5(Av)108 424.8 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E([)
144 441.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<<<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 458.4 Q
-F2(wor)3.291 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.291 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
-(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .792
+F2(wor)3.292 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)3.292 E .792(goes tilde e)-.18 F .792
+(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .792(ariable e)-.25 F .791
(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)-.15 F -.15(ex)108 470.4 S
-1.188(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F
+1.187(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.687(l. P).25 F
1.187(athname e)-.15 F 1.187(xpansion and w)-.15 F 1.187
-(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.187(The result is)6.187 F .374
-(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .375(wline appended\
+(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F 1.188(The result is)6.187 F .375
+(supplied as a single string, with a ne)108 482.4 R .374(wline appended\
, to the command on its standard input \(or \214le descrip-)-.25 F(tor)
108 494.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(if)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(is speci\214ed\).)2.5 E
F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 511.2 Q F0(The redirection operator)
-108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127
+108 523.2 Q([)144 540 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126
(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 556.8 R(If)5.127 E
-F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126
+F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127
(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-568.8 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
-2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
-2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0
-.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor)
-2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0
-2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149
-(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)
-2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q
+568.8 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G
+2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
+2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0
+.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149
+(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 580.8 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor)
+2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E
+F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.)
+2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F
+(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 592.8 Q
(The operator)108 609.6 Q([)144 626.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A
-(d)-.37 E F0 .443
+(d)-.37 E F0 .444
(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 643.2 R
-(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444
-(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor)
-4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
-utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor)
-3.09
3 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E
+(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443
+(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357
+(tor 1\) is used.)108 655.2 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)
+4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
+utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 667.2 R F2(wor)
+3.09
4 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E
F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254
(is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0
-.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E
-.96
6(not e)108 679.2 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad>
-3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965
+.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E
+.96
5(not e)108 679.2 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad>
+3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966
(he standard output and standard error are redirected as described)
-3.466 F(pre)108 691.2 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 March 15)144.29 E(29)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 June 8)150.675 E(29)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
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BP
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)
108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2
-(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535
-(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0 .535
-(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)
--3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2
-(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5
+(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536
+(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2(digit)3.036 E F0 .536
+(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)
+-3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2
+(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)5
E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A
(Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 192 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2
-(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0
-2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0
-.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2
+(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0
+2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F2(n)2.786 E F0
+.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1
(Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
(The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)
A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
108 278.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G
(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.174
-E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674
-(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.173
+E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674
+(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674
(ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\
-ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0
-(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2
-F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E
-1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
-(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1
-F(check)108 343.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472
-(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473
-(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A
-F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0
-1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)
--3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
-(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111
-(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.119
-(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
-1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12
-(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1
-F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513
-(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F
-.295(not e)108 391.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
-(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1
-.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1
-(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 403.2 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
-3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542
-(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne)
--3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
+ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.893 E F0
+(and)2.893 E F1(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2
+F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09
+E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
+(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F
+(check)108 343.2 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473
+(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472
+(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F1(/)2.972 E F0(,)A
+F1($)2.972 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.611 E F0
+1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)
+-3.611 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
+(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112
+(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.12
+(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
+1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.119
+(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1
+F .513(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .513(ut a w)-.2 F .514
+(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .514(xpanded is)-.15 F
+.296(not e)108 391.2 R .296(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
+(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1
+.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .295(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1
+(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 403.2 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .542(ly e).15 F .542(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
+3.042(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.042 F .543
+(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne)
+-3.043 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15
E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0
(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1
(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4
(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25
-E .435
+E .436
(The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108
-506.4 R .436(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.436 E F0(al)2.936 E -.1
-(wa)-.1 G .436(ys reads at least).1 F .338
+506.4 R .435(what confusing.)-.25 F F1(Bash)5.435 E F0(al)2.935 E -.1
+(wa)-.1 G .435(ys reads at least).1 F .337
(one complete line of input before e)108 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338
(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338
-(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .337(Aliases are e)5.337 F .337
-(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.403(ac)108 530.4 S .904
-(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.403 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404
+(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338
+(xpanded when)-.15 F 3.404(ac)108 530.4 S .904
+(ommand is read, not when it is e)-3.404 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.404
(cuted. Therefore,).15 F .904
-(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162
+(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.161
(another command does not tak)108 542.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662
G 1.162(ect until the ne).25 F 1.162(xt line of input is read.)-.15 F
-1.161(The commands follo)6.161 F 1.161(wing the)-.25 F .277
+1.162(The commands follo)6.162 F 1.162(wing the)-.25 F .277
(alias de\214nition on that line are not af)108 554.4 R .277
(fected by the ne)-.25 F 2.777(wa)-.25 G 2.777(lias. This)-2.777 F(beha)
-2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .699(are e)108
-566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.199(cuted. Aliases).15 F .699(are e)3.199 F
+2.777 E .277(vior is also an issue when functions)-.2 F .698(are e)108
+566.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.198(cuted. Aliases).15 F .698(are e)3.198 F
.699(xpanded when a function de\214nition is read, not when the functio\
-n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .612
-(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .613
+n is e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted,).15 E .613
+(because a function de\214nition is itself a command.)108 578.4 R .612
(As a consequence, aliases de\214ned in a function are not)5.612 F -.2
-(av)108 590.4 S .059(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15
+(av)108 590.4 S .058(ailable until after that function is e)-.05 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G 2.558(cuted. T).15 F 2.558(ob)-.8 G 2.558(es)-2.558 G .058
-(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .058
+(afe, al)-2.558 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .059
(ys put alias de\214nitions on a separate line, and).1 F(do not use)108
602.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 619.2
S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ry purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.).15 E F3
-(FUNCTIONS)72 636 Q F0 3.467(As)108 648 S .967
-(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.467 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
+(FUNCTIONS)72 636 Q F0 3.468(As)108 648 S .968
+(hell function, de\214ned as described abo)-3.468 F 1.267 -.15(ve u)-.15
H(nder).15 E F4 .967(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.467 F/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0
-.968(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.002(later e)108 660 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.502(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\
-ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.502 F .315
+.967(stores a series of commands for)3.217 F 1.001(later e)108 660 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 3.501(cution. When).15 F 1.002(the name of a shell funct\
+ion is used as a simple command name, the list of com-)3.501 F .316
(mands associated with that function name is e)108 672 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .316
-(cuted in the conte).15 F .316(xt of the current)-.15 F .036
-(shell; no ne)108 684 R 2.536(wp)-.25 G .036
-(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.536 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .035(When a)5.035
-F .639(function is e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .639(cuted, the ar).15 F
+2.816(cuted. Functions).15 F .316(are e)2.816 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .315
+(cuted in the conte).15 F .315(xt of the current)-.15 F .035
+(shell; no ne)108 684 R 2.535(wp)-.25 G .036
+(rocess is created to interpret them \(contrast this with the e)-2.535 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .036(cution of a shell script\).).15 F .036(When a)5.036
+F .64(function is e)108 696 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .64(cuted, the ar).15 F
.639
(guments to the function become the positional parameters during its e)
--.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .533(The special parameter)108 708 R
-F1(#)3.033 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.033 F .532
-(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.032 E F0 .532(is unchanged.)3.032 F
-.532(The \214rst ele-)5.532 F(ment of the)108 720 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)
+-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 708 R
+F1(#)3.032 E F0 .532(is updated to re\215ect the change.)3.032 F .532
+(Special parameter)5.532 F F1(0)3.033 E F0 .533(is unchanged.)3.033 F
+.533(The \214rst ele-)5.533 F(ment of the)108 720 Q F4(FUNCN)2.5 E(AME)
-.18 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G
(riable is set to the name of the function while the function is e).25 E
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29
-E(30)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E
+(30)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
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(All other aspects of the shell e)108 84 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.25
(cution en).15 F 1.25
(vironment are identical between a function and its caller with)-.4 F
-1.215(these e)108 96 R 1.215(xceptions: the)-.15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(DEB)3.715 E(UG)-.09 E F0(and)3.465 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715
-E F0 1.215(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.714 E F0
--.2(bu)3.714 G 1.214(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.714 E -.09(BU)108 108 S
-(IL).09 E .478(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.728 E .479
+1.214(these e)108 96 R 1.214(xceptions: the)-.15 F/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(DEB)3.714 E(UG)-.09 E F0(and)3.464 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(RETURN)3.715
+E F0 1.215(traps \(see the description of the)3.715 F F2(trap)3.715 E F0
+-.2(bu)3.715 G 1.215(iltin under).2 F F1(SHELL)3.715 E -.09(BU)108 108 S
+(IL).09 E .479(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.729 E .479
(w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 2.979(nt).15 G(he)-2.979 E F2(trace)2.979 E F0(attrib)2.979 E
-.479(ute \(see)-.2 F .421(the description of the)108 120 R F1(declar)
-2.92 E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)
--.25 F F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42
-(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.92 E F0 -.2(bu)
-108 132 S .071(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2
+-.25 G 2.978(nt).15 G(he)-2.978 E F2(trace)2.978 E F0(attrib)2.978 E
+.478(ute \(see)-.2 F .42(the description of the)108 120 R F1(declar)2.92
+E(e)-.162 E F0 -.2(bu)2.67 G .42(iltin belo).2 F .42(w\) or the)-.25 F
+F2 .42(\255o functrace)2.92 F F0 .42
+(shell option has been enabled with the)2.92 F F2(set)2.921 E F0 -.2(bu)
+108 132 S .072(iltin \(in which case all functions inherit the).2 F F2
(DEB)2.572 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.572 E F2(RETURN)2.572 E F0 .072
-(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.572 E F0 .072(trap is not inher)2.322
+(traps\), and the)2.572 F F1(ERR)2.571 E F0 .071(trap is not inher)2.321
F(-)-.2 E(ited unless the)108 144 Q F2(\255o errtrace)2.5 E F0
-(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 160.8 S .656
+(shell option has been enabled.)2.5 E -1.11(Va)108 160.8 S .655
(riables local to the function may be declared with the)1.11 F F2(local)
-3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.155 G .655(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.655 E
-3.155(,v)-.65 G .655(ariables and)-3.405 F .05(their v)108 172.8 R .05
+3.155 E F0 -.2(bu)3.156 G .656(iltin command.).2 F(Ordinarily)5.656 E
+3.156(,v)-.65 G .656(ariables and)-3.406 F .051(their v)108 172.8 R .051
(alues are shared between the function and its caller)-.25 F 5.051(.I)
--.55 G 2.551(fav)-5.051 G .051(ariable is declared)-2.801 F F2(local)
-2.551 E F0 2.551(,t)C .051(he v)-2.551 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.551(sv)-.55 G
-(isi-)-2.551 E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its c\
-hildren \(including the functions it calls\).)108 184.8 R 1.185(Local v)
-6.185 F(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 196.8 Q .154(w" v)-.25 F .154
+-.55 G 2.55(fav)-5.051 G .05(ariable is declared)-2.8 F F2(local)2.55 E
+F0 2.55(,t)C .05(he v)-2.55 F(ariable')-.25 E 2.55(sv)-.55 G(isi-)-2.55
+E 1.186(ble scope is restricted to that function and its children \(inc\
+luding the functions it calls\).)108 184.8 R 1.186(Local v)6.186 F
+(ariables)-.25 E("shado)108 196.8 Q .155(w" v)-.25 F .155
(ariables with the same name declared at pre)-.25 F .155(vious scopes.)
--.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.655(ri).15 G .155(nstance, a local v)-2.655 F
-.155(ariable declared)-.25 F .67(in a function hides a global v)108
-208.8 R .669(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer\
- to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 220.8 R .688
+-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.155 G 2.654(ri).15 G .154(nstance, a local v)-2.654 F
+.154(ariable declared)-.25 F .669(in a function hides a global v)108
+208.8 R .67(ariable of the same name: references and assignments refer \
+to the local v)-.25 F(ari-)-.25 E .688(able, lea)108 220.8 R .688
(ving the global v)-.2 F .688(ariable unmodi\214ed.)-.25 F .688
(When the function returns, the global v)5.688 F .688
-(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 232.8 Q .727
-(The shell uses)108 249.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .727
-(dynamic scoping)3.227 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.227 F(ariable')-.25 E
-3.226(sv)-.55 G .726(isibility within functions.)-3.226 F -.4(Wi)5.726 G
-.726(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .007(visible v)108 261.6 R .007
+(ariable is once ag)-.25 F(ain)-.05 E(visible.)108 232.8 Q .726
+(The shell uses)108 249.6 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .726
+(dynamic scoping)3.226 F F0 .726(to control a v)3.226 F(ariable')-.25 E
+3.227(sv)-.55 G .727(isibility within functions.)-3.227 F -.4(Wi)5.727 G
+.727(th dynamic scoping,).4 F .008(visible v)108 261.6 R .008
(ariables and their v)-.25 F .007
(alues are a result of the sequence of function calls that caused e)-.25
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .008(cution to reach).15 F .814(the current function.)
-108 273.6 R .813(The v)5.814 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813
-(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .813
-(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.313(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.313 E(an)108 285.6 Q
-2.116 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .816
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G .007(cution to reach).15 F .813(the current function.)
+108 273.6 R .813(The v)5.813 F .813(alue of a v)-.25 F .813
+(ariable that a function sees depends on its v)-.25 F .814
+(alue within its caller)-.25 F 3.314(,i)-.4 G(f)-3.314 E(an)108 285.6 Q
+2.117 -.65(y, w)-.15 H .817
(hether that caller is the "global" scope or another shell function.).65
-F .817(This is also the v)5.816 F .817(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va)
+F .816(This is also the v)5.816 F .816(alue that a local)-.25 F -.25(va)
108 297.6 S(riable declaration "shado).25 E(ws", and the v)-.25 E
(alue that is restored when the function returns.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108
-314.4 S 2.724(re).15 G .224(xample, if a v)-2.874 F(ariable)-.25 E F3
-(var)2.724 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.724 F F3(func1)
-2.723 E F0 2.723(,a)C(nd)-2.723 E F3(func1)2.723 E F0 .223
-(calls another function)2.723 F F3(func2)2.723 E F0(,)A .463
-(references to)108 326.4 R F3(var)2.963 E F0 .463(made from within)2.963
-F F3(func2)2.963 E F0 .463(will resolv)2.963 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.964(ot)
--2.964 G .464(he local v)-2.964 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.964 E F0(from)
-2.964 E F3(func1)2.964 E F0 2.964(,s)C(hado)-2.964 E .464(wing an)-.25 F
+314.4 S 2.723(re).15 G .223(xample, if a v)-2.873 F(ariable)-.25 E F3
+(var)2.723 E F0 .223(is declared as local in function)2.723 F F3(func1)
+2.723 E F0 2.724(,a)C(nd)-2.724 E F3(func1)2.724 E F0 .224
+(calls another function)2.724 F F3(func2)2.724 E F0(,)A .464
+(references to)108 326.4 R F3(var)2.964 E F0 .464(made from within)2.964
+F F3(func2)2.964 E F0 .464(will resolv)2.964 F 2.964(et)-.15 G 2.963(ot)
+-2.964 G .463(he local v)-2.963 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(var)2.963 E F0(from)
+2.963 E F3(func1)2.963 E F0 2.963(,s)C(hado)-2.963 E .463(wing an)-.25 F
(y)-.15 E(global v)108 338.4 Q(ariable named)-.25 E F3(var)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(The)108 355.2 Q F2(unset)2.983 E F0 -.2(bu)2.983 G .483
-(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .482
-(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.982 E F0 .19
+(The)108 355.2 Q F2(unset)2.982 E F0 -.2(bu)2.982 G .482
+(iltin also acts using the same dynamic scope: if a v).2 F .483
+(ariable is local to the current scope,)-.25 F F2(unset)2.983 E F0 .19
(will unset it; otherwise the unset will refer to the v)108 367.2 R .19
(ariable found in an)-.25 F 2.69(yc)-.15 G .19
(alling scope as described abo)-2.69 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.19(.I).15 G(f)
--5.19 E 2.721(av)108 379.2 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is\
- unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the \
-func-)-2.971 F .013(tion returns.)108 391.2 R .013
-(Once the function returns, an)5.013 F 2.513(yi)-.15 G .014
-(nstance of the v)-2.513 F .014(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .014
-(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .567(If the unset acts on a v)
+-5.19 E 2.72(av)108 379.2 S .221(ariable at the current local scope is \
+unset, it will remain so until it is reset in that scope or until the f\
+unc-)-2.97 F .014(tion returns.)108 391.2 R .014
+(Once the function returns, an)5.014 F 2.514(yi)-.15 G .014
+(nstance of the v)-2.514 F .013(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .013
+(vious scope will become visible.)-.25 F .566(If the unset acts on a v)
108 403.2 R .566(ariable at a pre)-.25 F .566(vious scope, an)-.25 F
-3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .566
+3.066(yi)-.15 G .566(nstance of a v)-3.066 F .567
(ariable with that name that had been)-.25 F(shado)108 415.2 Q
-(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 432 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.528 E F0
--.25(va)3.528 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028
+(wed will become visible.)-.25 E(The)108 432 Q F2(FUNCNEST)3.529 E F0
+-.25(va)3.529 G 1.028(riable, if set to a numeric v).25 F 1.028
(alue greater than 0, de\214nes a maximum function nesting)-.25 F(le)108
444 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l. Function).15 F(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
(cations that e).2 E(xceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.)
--.15 E .044(If the b)108 460.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re)
+-.15 E .043(If the b)108 460.8 R .043(uiltin command)-.2 F F2 -.18(re)
2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043
(cuted in a function, the function completes and e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.043(cution resumes with).15 F 1.011(the ne)108 472.8 R 1.011
+.044(cution resumes with).15 F 1.012(the ne)108 472.8 R 1.012
(xt command after the function call.)-.15 F(An)6.011 E 3.511(yc)-.15 G
-1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.512 E F0 1.012
-(trap is e)3.512 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .214(before e)108 484.8 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .214(cution resumes.).15 F .213
-(When a function completes, the v)5.214 F .213
+1.011(ommand associated with the)-3.511 F F2(RETURN)3.511 E F0 1.011
+(trap is e)3.511 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E .213(before e)108 484.8 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .213(cution resumes.).15 F .213
+(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214
(alues of the positional parameters and the spe-)-.25 F(cial parameter)
108 496.8 Q F2(#)2.5 E F0(are restored to the v)2.5 E(alues the)-.25 E
2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad prior to the function')-2.5 E 2.5(se)-.55 G -.15(xe)
--2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.358
+-2.65 G(cution.).15 E 1.359
(Function names and de\214nitions may be listed with the)108 513.6 R F2
<ad66>3.858 E F0 1.358(option to the)3.858 F F2(declar)3.858 E(e)-.18 E
-F0(or)3.859 E F2(typeset)3.859 E F0 -.2(bu)3.859 G 1.359(iltin com-).2 F
+F0(or)3.858 E F2(typeset)3.858 E F0 -.2(bu)3.858 G 1.358(iltin com-).2 F
3.39(mands. The)108 525.6 R F2<ad46>3.39 E F0 .89(option to)3.39 F F2
(declar)3.39 E(e)-.18 E F0(or)3.39 E F2(typeset)3.39 E F0 .89
(will list the function names only \(and optionally the source)3.39 F
-.326(\214le and line number)108 537.6 R 2.826(,i)-.4 G 2.826(ft)-2.826 G
-(he)-2.826 E F2(extdeb)2.826 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326
-(shell option is enabled\).)2.826 F .327(Functions may be e)5.327 F .327
-(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.298(automatically ha)108 549.6 R
-1.598 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.298(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F2<ad66>3.798 E
-F0 1.298(option to the)3.798 F F2(export)3.797 E F0 -.2(bu)3.797 G 3.797
-(iltin. A).2 F 1.297(function de\214nition may be)3.797 F
+.327(\214le and line number)108 537.6 R 2.827(,i)-.4 G 2.827(ft)-2.827 G
+(he)-2.827 E F2(extdeb)2.827 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .326
+(shell option is enabled\).)2.827 F .326(Functions may be e)5.326 F .326
+(xported so that subshells)-.15 F 1.297(automatically ha)108 549.6 R
+1.597 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.297(hem de\214ned with the).15 F F2<ad66>3.797 E
+F0 1.297(option to the)3.797 F F2(export)3.798 E F0 -.2(bu)3.798 G 3.798
+(iltin. A).2 F 1.298(function de\214nition may be)3.798 F
(deleted using the)108 561.6 Q F2<ad66>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F2
-(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .371(Functions may be recursi)
+(unset)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .372(Functions may be recursi)
108 578.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.371(.T).15 G(he)-5.371 E F2(FUNCNEST)2.871
E F0 -.25(va)2.871 G .371
(riable may be used to limit the depth of the function call).25 F 1.141
3.641(cations. By).2 F(def)3.641 E 1.141
(ault, no limit is imposed on the number of)-.1 F(recursi)108 602.4 Q .3
-.15(ve c)-.25 H(alls.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(ARITHMETIC EV)72
-619.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.297
+619.2 Q(ALU)-1.478 E -1.04(AT)-.657 G(ION)1.04 E F0 2.298
(The shell allo)108 631.2 R 2.297(ws arithmetic e)-.25 F 2.297
(xpressions to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G 2.297
-(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.798 E F0
-(and)4.798 E F2(declar)108 643.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.684 G .183
+(luated, under certain circumstances \(see the).25 F F2(let)4.797 E F0
+(and)4.797 E F2(declar)108 643.2 Q(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.683 G .183
(iltin commands, the).2 F F2(\(\()2.683 E F0 .183(compound command, and)
2.683 F F2 .183(Arithmetic Expansion)2.683 F F0 2.683(\). Ev)B .183
-(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 655.2 Q 1.057(ed-width inte)-.15 F
+(aluation is done in)-.25 F<8c78>108 655.2 Q 1.058(ed-width inte)-.15 F
1.057(gers with no check for o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(r\215o).15 E 2.357
-.65(w, t)-.25 H 1.057(hough di).65 F 1.057
-(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .829
+(vision by 0 is trapped and \215agged as an error)-.25 F(.)-.55 E .828
(The operators and their precedence, associati)108 667.2 R(vity)-.25 E
3.329(,a)-.65 G .829(nd v)-3.329 F .829
-(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .828(The fol-)5.828 F
-(lo)108 679.2 Q .439(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .44(The le)
-5.44 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .44(ls are listed in order).15 F
+(alues are the same as in the C language.)-.25 F .829(The fol-)5.829 F
+(lo)108 679.2 Q .44(wing list of operators is grouped into le)-.25 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls of equal-precedence operators.).15 F .439(The le)
+5.439 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .439(ls are listed in order).15 F
(of decreasing precedence.)108 691.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 March 15)144.29 E(31)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 June 8)150.675 E(31)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
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BP
F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0(comma)144 360 Q .68(Shell v)108 376.8 R .68
(ariables are allo)-.25 F .68(wed as operands; parameter e)-.25 F .68
(xpansion is performed before the e)-.15 F .68(xpression is e)-.15 F
--.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.507(ated. W)108 388.8 R 1.007(ithin an e)-.4
-F 1.007(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007
+-.25(va)-.25 G(lu-).25 E 3.508(ated. W)108 388.8 R 1.008(ithin an e)-.4
+F 1.008(xpression, shell v)-.15 F 1.007
(ariables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter)
--.25 F -.15(ex)108 400.8 S 1.041(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.541(As)6.041 G
-1.041(hell v)-3.541 F 1.041(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25
-(va)-.25 G 1.04(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.466
-(using the parameter e)108 412.8 R 1.466(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467
-(The v)6.466 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25
-(va)-.25 G 1.467(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.258
+-.25 F -.15(ex)108 400.8 S 1.04(pansion syntax.).15 F 3.54(As)6.04 G
+1.04(hell v)-3.54 F 1.04(ariable that is null or unset e)-.25 F -.25(va)
+-.25 G 1.041(luates to 0 when referenced by name without).25 F 1.467
+(using the parameter e)108 412.8 R 1.467(xpansion syntax.)-.15 F 1.467
+(The v)6.467 F 1.467(alue of a v)-.25 F 1.467(ariable is e)-.25 F -.25
+(va)-.25 G 1.466(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E 1.257
(when it is referenced, or when a v)108 424.8 R 1.258
(ariable which has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.758(nt).15 G(he)
--3.758 E F1(inte)3.758 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.758 E 1.257
-(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)3.757 E 3.757<65ad>-.18 G(i)-3.757 E F0(is)
-3.757 E .332(assigned a v)108 436.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)
+-3.758 E F1(inte)3.758 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)3.758 E 1.258
+(ute using)-.2 F F2(declar)3.758 E 3.758<65ad>-.18 G(i)-3.758 E F0(is)
+3.758 E .333(assigned a v)108 436.8 R 2.832(alue. A)-.25 F .332(null v)
2.832 F .332(alue e)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .332(luates to 0.).25 F 2.832
(As)5.332 G .332(hell v)-2.832 F .332(ariable need not ha)-.25 F .632
-.15(ve i)-.2 H(ts).15 E F1(inte)2.832 E -.1(ge)-.4 G(r).1 E F0(attrib)
-2.832 E .333(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 448.8 Q
+2.832 E .332(ute turned on)-.2 F(to be used in an e)108 448.8 Q
(xpression.)-.15 E 1.406
(Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers.)108 465.6
-R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.406(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.)
--.15 E .112(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 477.6 R 2.612(et)-.1 G .112
-(he form [)-2.612 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base)
-2.612 E F0 .113(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .534
-(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 489.6 R F1(n)3.034 E F0 .534
-(is a number in that base.)3.034 F(If)5.533 E F1(base#)3.033 E F0 .533
-(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.033 F .512(When specifying)108
-501.6 R F1(n)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512
-(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.012 F .513
-(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .943
-(@, and _, in that order)108 513.6 R 5.943(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.943 E F1(base)
-3.443 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.443 F .942
+R 3.906(Al)6.406 G 1.407(eading 0x or 0X denotes he)-3.906 F(xadecimal.)
+-.15 E .113(Otherwise, numbers tak)108 477.6 R 2.613(et)-.1 G .113
+(he form [)-2.613 F F1(base#)A F0 .112(]n, where the optional)B F1(base)
+2.612 E F0 .112(is a decimal number between 2 and 64)2.612 F .533
+(representing the arithmetic base, and)108 489.6 R F1(n)3.033 E F0 .533
+(is a number in that base.)3.033 F(If)5.534 E F1(base#)3.034 E F0 .534
+(is omitted, then base 10 is used.)3.034 F .513(When specifying)108
+501.6 R F1(n)3.013 E F0 3.013(,t)C .513
+(he digits greater than 9 are represented by the lo)-3.013 F .512
+(wercase letters, the uppercase letters,)-.25 F .942
+(@, and _, in that order)108 513.6 R 5.942(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.942 E F1(base)
+3.442 E F0 .942(is less than or equal to 36, lo)3.442 F .943
(wercase and uppercase letters may be used)-.25 F
(interchangeably to represent numbers between 10 and 35.)108 525.6 Q
-.234(Operators are e)108 542.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .234
+.235(Operators are e)108 542.4 R -.25(va)-.25 G .235
(luated in order of precedence.).25 F(Sub-e)5.234 E .234
-(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .235
+(xpressions in parentheses are e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .234
(luated \214rst and may).25 F -.15(ove)108 554.4 S
(rride the precedence rules abo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 571.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .256
-(Conditional e)108 583.2 R .256(xpressions are used by the)-.15 F F2([[)
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(CONDITION)72 571.2 Q(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.219 E F0 .255
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-(ariable assignment or with)-.25 F F1(set)2.756 E F0 .256
-(or inherited from the shell')2.756 F 2.756(sp)-.55 G(arent)-2.756 E
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(cution or inherited from the shell').15 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G
<83>108 381.6 Q -.25(va)144 381.6 S
(rious process IDs, including those of background jobs, the v).25 E
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-(cuted, it is in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.927(di).1 G 2.927(nas)
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(odi\214cations and additions speci\214ed by redirections to the com-)
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(ariables and functions mark)-.25 F .857(ed for e)-.1 F .857
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(xported for the command,)-.15 F(passed in the en)144 513.6 Q(vironment)
--.4 E<83>108 530.4 Q .306(traps caught by the shell are reset to the v)
-144 530.4 R .307(alues inherited from the shell')-.25 F 2.807(sp)-.55 G
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542.4 Q 2.5(Ac)108 559.2 S(ommand in)-2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5
(di).1 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(his separate en)-2.5 E(vironment cannot af)-.4 E
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(alues that the shell inherited from its parent at in)-.25 F -.2(vo)-.4
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--.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E .856(as part of a pipeline are also e)108 612 R
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4(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 108 Q F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0
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3(his is a list of)-7.353 F F2(name)108 108 Q F0<ad>A F2(value)A F0
(pairs, of the form)2.5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(=)A F2(value)A F0(.).18 E
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(cation, the shell scans its o).2 F(wn)-.25 E(en)108 136.8 Q .144(viron\
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-2.704(cesses. Ex)108 148.8 R .203(ecuted commands inherit the en)-.15 F
+ it for)-.4 F F2 -.2(ex)2.643 G(port).2 E F0 .143(to child pro-)3.323 F
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2.703(vironment. The)-.4 F/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(export)2.703 E F0(and)
2.703 E F3(declar)2.703 E 2.703<65ad>-.18 G(x)-2.703 E F0 .203
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(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 172.8 Q .64
(vironment is modi\214ed, the ne)-.4 F 3.14(wv)-.25 G .64
(alue becomes part of the en)-3.39 F .64(vironment, replacing the old.)
R 3.08(ye)-.15 G -.15(xe)-3.23 G .58
(cuted command consists of the shell').15 F 3.08(si)-.55 G .58
(nitial en)-3.08 F .58(vironment, whose v)-.4 F .58(alues may be)-.25 F
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-(airs remo)-2.801 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.801(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.801 G(he)
--2.801 E F3(unset)2.801 E F0 .3(command, plus an)2.8 F 2.8(ya)-.15 G .3
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+.3(modi\214ed in the shell, less an)108 196.8 R 2.8(yp)-.15 G .3
+(airs remo)-2.8 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.8(db).15 G 2.801(yt)-2.8 G(he)-2.801
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(or function may be augmented temporarily by pre\214xing it with)3.833 F
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-.15 H(n).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.702 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5
9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .202(These assignment statements af)4.702 F
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+.203(fect only the)-.25 F(en)108 249.6 Q
(vironment seen by that command.)-.4 E .81(If the)108 266.4 R F3<ad6b>
3.31 E F0 .81(option is set \(see the)3.31 F F3(set)3.31 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.31 G .81(iltin command belo).2 F .81(w\), then)-.25 F F2(all)3.64 E F0
.81(parameter assignments are placed in)3.82 F(the en)108 278.4 Q
(vironment for a command, not just those that precede the command name.)
--.4 E(When)108 295.2 Q F3(bash)3.586 E F0(in)3.586 E -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1
-(ke).2 G 3.586(sa).1 G 3.586(ne)-3.586 G 1.086(xternal command, the v)
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-(EXIT ST)72 324 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .15(The e)108 336 R .15
-(xit status of an e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .15(cuted command is the v).15
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+(EXIT ST)72 324 Q -1.04(AT)-.986 G(US)1.04 E F0 .151(The e)108 336 R
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372 Q(alues to indicate speci\214c f)-.25 E(ailure modes.)-.1 E -.15(Fo)
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-(xit status has succeeded.)-.15 F .872(An e)5.872 F .872(xit status of)
--.15 F .048(zero indicates success.)108 400.8 R 2.548(An)5.048 G .049
-(on-zero e)-2.548 F .049(xit status indicates f)-.15 F 2.549
-(ailure. When)-.1 F 2.549(ac)2.549 G .049(ommand terminates on a f)
--2.549 F .049(atal sig-)-.1 F(nal)108 412.8 Q F2(N)2.5 E F0(,)A F3(bash)
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2.5 E F0(uses the v)2.5 E(alue of 128+)-.25 E F2(N)A F0(as the e)2.5 E
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(If a command is not found, the child process created to e)108 429.6 R
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Q(ails because of an error during e)-.1 E
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(uiltin commands return a status of 0 \()-.2 F F2(true)A F0 2.581(\)i)C
-2.581(fs)-2.581 G .081(uccessful, and non-zero \()-2.581 F F2(false)A F0
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-(cute. All).15 F -.2(bu)2.968 G .468(iltins return an e).2 F .468
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-E F3(Bash)108 516 Q F0 .201(itself returns the e)2.701 F .202
-(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .202
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+(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .201
(cuted, unless a syntax error occurs, in which case).15 F(it e)108 528 Q
(xits with a non-zero v)-.15 E 2.5(alue. See)-.25 F(also the)2.5 E F3
(exit)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command belo).2 E -.65(w.)-.25 G F1
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-(ve s)-.25 H .457(hell\), and).15 F F4(SIGINT)2.957 E F0 .458
-(is caught and handled \(so that the)2.707 F F3(wait)2.958 E F0 -.2(bu)
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-(SIGTSTP)2.5 E F5(.)A F0 2.045(The shell e)108 650.4 R 2.045
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(return immediately with an e)108 120 Q
(xit status greater than 128, immediately after which the trap is e)-.15
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(cution of processes and continue).15 F(\()108 160.8 Q F3 -.37(re)C
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-(eeps a table of currently e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .785
-(cuting jobs, which may be).15 F .341(listed with the)108 201.6 R F1
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-(ound)-.45 E F0 .34(\), it prints a line).77 F(that looks lik)108 213.6
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Q(e:)-.1 E([1] 25647)144 230.4 Q .241(indicating that this job is job n\
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(All of the processes in a single pipeline are members of the same job)
-5.733 F(.)-.4 E F1(Bash)5.732 E F0(uses)3.232 E(the)108 271.2 Q F3(job)
-4.24 E F0(abstraction as the basis for job control.)2.73 E 3.062 -.8
-(To f)108 288 T 1.462(acilitate the implementation of the user interf).7
-F 1.463(ace to job control, the operating system maintains the)-.1 F
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312 R .323 -.15(ve k)-.25 H -.15(ey).05 G .023
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--.37 G -.45(ro).4 G(und).45 E F0(.).77 E F3(Bac)6.926 E(kgr)-.2 E(ound)
--.45 E F0 1.346(processes are those whose process)4.616 F .145
-(group ID dif)108 336 R .145(fers from the terminal')-.25 F .146
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-(board-generated signals.).15 F .146(Only fore-)5.146 F .16
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(ground processes are allo)108 348 R .16(wed to read from or)-.25 F 2.66
(,i)-.4 G 2.66(ft)-2.66 G .16(he user so speci\214es with)-2.66 F/F6 10
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--2.66 F(-)-.2 E 3.051(minal. Background)108 360 R .551
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-(stty tostop)3.051 F F0 .552(is in ef)3.052 F .552(fect\) the)-.25 F
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-(hich, unless caught, sus-).4 F(pends the process.)108 384 Q 1.087
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(ontrol-Z\) while a process is running causes that process to be)-2.801
-F 2.142(stopped and returns control to)108 424.8 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0
+F 2.143(stopped and returns control to)108 424.8 R F1(bash)4.642 E F0
7.142(.T)C 2.142(yping the)-7.942 F F3 2.142(delayed suspend)4.992 F F0
-2.143(character \(typically)5.413 F F1(^Y)4.643 E F0 4.643(,C)C
-(ontrol-Y\))-4.643 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\
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+(ontrol-Y\))-4.642 E .021(causes the process to be stopped when it atte\
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436.8 R(to)108 448.8 Q F1(bash)3.392 E F0 5.892(.T)C .892
(he user may then manipulate the state of this job, using the)-5.892 F
-F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .895
-(background, the)108 460.8 R F1(fg)3.395 E F0 .895
-(command to continue it in the fore)3.395 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F
-F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .894(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.894 E F1(^Z)
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--.25 F 3.448(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.448 F .948
+F1(bg)3.392 E F0 .892(command to continue it in the)3.392 F .894
+(background, the)108 460.8 R F1(fg)3.394 E F0 .895
+(command to continue it in the fore)3.394 F .895(ground, or the)-.15 F
+F1(kill)3.395 E F0 .895(command to kill it.)3.395 F(A)5.895 E F1(^Z)
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+-.25 F 3.449(,a)-.65 G .948(nd has the additional side ef)-3.449 F .948
(fect of causing pending output and typeahead to be dis-)-.25 F(carded.)
108 484.8 Q .777(There are a number of w)108 501.6 R .777
(ays to refer to a job in the shell.)-.1 F .777(The character)5.777 F F1
(%)3.277 E F0 .777(introduces a job speci\214cation)3.277 F(\()108 513.6
-Q F3(jobspec)A F0 3.457(\). Job)B(number)3.457 E F3(n)3.817 E F0 .957
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(may be referred to as)3.697 F F1(%n)3.457 E F0 5.957(.A)C .957
(job may also be referred to using a pre\214x of the)-2.5 F .59(name us\
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108 525.6 R -.15(Fo)5.59 G 3.09(re).15 G(xample,)-3.24 E F1(%ce)3.09 E
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(hand, refers to an)108 549.6 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087
(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087
(in its command line.)2.587 F .087
(he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018
(refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F
F3(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is)
--2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 573.6 R .495
+-2.518 F .494(the last job stopped while it w)108 573.6 R .495
(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F
-(The)5.494 E F3(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0 .494
-(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 585.6 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0
-5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1
-(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788
-(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E
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(ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
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-(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for)
--.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C
-(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108
-650.4 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473
-(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F
+(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.944 E F0 .444(is a synon)2.944 F .444(ym for)
+-.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.944 G .444(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.944(,b)C
+(ringing)-2.944 E 1.473(job 1 from the background into the fore)108
+650.4 R 3.973(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.972 G 1.472
+(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.472(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.972 F
(equi)108 662.4 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
-.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 679.2
-R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F
-(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13
-(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157
-(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 691.2 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G
-.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158
-(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F1<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158
-(option to)2.658 F(the)108 703.2 Q F1(set)2.648 E F0 -.2(bu)2.648 G .148
-(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.648 E F0 .148
-(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.147(.A)-.65 G .447 -.15
-(ny t)-5.147 H .147(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)2.647 E F0 .147(is e)2.397 F
+.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .13(The shell learns immediately whene)108 679.2 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.63(raj).15 G .13(ob changes state.)-2.63 F(Normally)
+5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.631 G .131
+(its until it is about to print a).1 F .158
+(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 691.2 R 2.658(ss)-.55 G
+.158(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.658 F 2.657(yo)-.15 G .157
+(ther output.)-2.657 F .157(If the)5.157 F F1<ad62>2.657 E F0 .157
+(option to)2.657 F(the)108 703.2 Q F1(set)2.647 E F0 -.2(bu)2.647 G .147
+(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)2.647 E F0 .148
+(reports such changes immediately)2.648 F 5.148(.A)-.65 G .448 -.15
+(ny t)-5.148 H .148(rap on).15 F F4(SIGCHLD)2.648 E F0 .148(is e)2.398 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cuted for each child that e)108 715.2 Q(xits.)
--.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(37)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(37)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .032
-(If an attempt to e)108 84 R(xit)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.532
-E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4 G
-2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033
-(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 96 R F1(shopt)
-4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F
-2.019(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019
-(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108
-108 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459
-(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a)
-5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 120 R .604
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .033
+(If an attempt to e)108 84 R(xit)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)2.533
+E F0 .033(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.533 F 2.532(,i)-.4 G
+2.532(ft)-2.532 G(he)-2.532 E F1(checkjobs)2.532 E F0 .032
+(shell option has been enabled)2.532 F 2.019(using the)108 96 R F1
+(shopt)4.519 E F0 -.2(bu)4.519 G 2.019
+(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.02
+(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.52 E F0 2.02
+(option is)4.52 F .459(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108
+108 R(The)5.459 E F1(jobs)2.959 E F0 .458
+(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .458(If a)
+5.458 F .603(second attempt to e)108 120 R .604
(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604
(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E
-(and an)108 132 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .644
-(When the shell is w)108 148.8 R .644
-(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0 -.2(bu)
-3.145 G .645(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.145 E F0
-(will)3.145 E .428(return when the job changes state. The)108 160.8 R F1
+(and an)108 132 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E .645
+(When the shell is w)108 148.8 R .645
+(aiting for a job or process using the)-.1 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.144 G .644(iltin, and job control is enabled,).2 F F1(wait)3.144 E F0
+(will)3.144 E .428(return when the job changes state. The)108 160.8 R F1
<ad66>2.928 E F0 .428(option will force)2.928 F F1(wait)2.928 E F0 .428
(to w)2.928 F .428(ait until the job or process terminates)-.1 F
(before returning.)108 172.8 Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 189.6 Q
-(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644
-(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E
+(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .645(When e)108 201.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .645
+(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.145 E
F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS1)
-3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .428
-(and the secondary prompt)108 213.6 R F3(PS2)2.928 E F0 .427
-(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.678 F F1(Bash)5.427 E
-F0(displays)2.927 E F3(PS0)2.927 E F0(after)2.677 E .037
-(it reads a command b)108 225.6 R .037(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.037(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.037 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.538 E
-F0 .038(as described abo)2.288 F .338 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .038
-(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.12
2(mand when the)108 237.6 R F1<ad78>
-3.622 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.622 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo)
+3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F .427
+(and the secondary prompt)108 213.6 R F3(PS2)2.927 E F0 .427
+(when it needs more input to complete a command.)2.677 F F1(Bash)5.428 E
+F0(displays)2.928 E F3(PS0)2.928 E F0(after)2.678 E .038
+(it reads a command b)108 225.6 R .038(ut before e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.038(cuting it.).15 F F1(Bash)5.038 E F0(displays)2.537 E F3(PS4)2.537 E
+F0 .037(as described abo)2.287 F .337 -.15(ve b)-.15 H .037
+(efore tracing each com-).15 F 1.12
1(mand when the)108 237.6 R F1<ad78>
+3.621 E F0 1.122(option is enabled.)3.621 F F1(Bash)6.122 E F0(allo)
3.622 E 1.122(ws these prompt strings to be customized by inserting a)
-.25 F(number of backslash-escaped special characters that are decoded \
as follo)108 249.6 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144 261.6 Q F0
(an ASCII bell character \(07\))180 261.6 Q F1(\\d)144 273.6 Q F0
(the date in "W)180 273.6 Q(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 285.6 Q/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(format)
-A F1(})A F0(the)180 297.6 Q F4(format)3.926 E F0 1.426(is passed to)
-3.926 F F4(strftime)3.926 E F0 1.427
+A F1(})A F0(the)180 297.6 Q F4(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)
+3.927 F F4(strftime)3.927 E F0 1.427
(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180
309.6 Q F4(format)2.5 E F0
(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E
144 477.6 Q F0(the v)180 477.6 Q(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 489.6 Q F0(the release of)180 489.6 Q
F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 501.6 Q F0 .116
-(the current w)180 501.6 R .116(orking directory)-.1 F 2.616(,w)-.65 G
-(ith)-2.616 E F3($HOME)2.616 E F0(abbre)2.366 E .115
-(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .115(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)
+(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 501.6 Q F0 .115
+(the current w)180 501.6 R .115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G
+(ith)-2.615 E F3($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116
+(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)
180 513.6 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E
F1(\\W)144 525.6 Q F0(the basename of the current w)180 525.6 Q
(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0
(\\[)144 597.6 Q F0(be)180 597.6 Q 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing\
characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F
(control sequence into the prompt)180 609.6 Q F1(\\])144 621.6 Q F0
-(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 621.6 Q .12
+(end a sequence of non-printing characters)180 621.6 Q .119
(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 638.4 R
-.119(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positi\
-on in the history list, which may include commands restored from the hi\
-story \214le \(see)108 650.4 R F3(HIST)4.085 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
+.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\
+n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\
+tory \214le \(see)108 650.4 R F3(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0
(belo)108 662.4 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the position in\
- the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .54
+ the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541
(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 674.4 R
.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546
(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F
-.352(tion, arithmetic e)108 686.4 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
+.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 686.4 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1
-(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .351(shell option \(see the)2.852
+(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852
F(description of the)108 698.4 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)
--.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(38)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+-.25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(38)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 84 Q F0 .15
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 84 Q F0 .151
(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
-108 96 R .451 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .151(hell, unless the).15 F/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(\255\255noediting)2.651 E F0(option)2.651 E 1.209
-(is gi)108 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.709(na).15 G 3.709(ts)-3.709 G 1.209
-(hell in)-3.709 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.709(cation. Line).2 F 1.208
-(editing is also used when using the)3.709 F F2<ad65>3.708 E F0 1.208
-(option to the)3.708 F F2 -.18(re)3.708 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.708 G
-3.708(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 120 Q .851
+108 96 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F/F2 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)
+108 108 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)
+-3.708 F -.2(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208
+(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F2<ad65>3.709 E F0 1.209
+(option to the)3.709 F F2 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G
+3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 120 Q .851
(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F
-3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .852
+3.351(Av)5.851 G .851(i-style line editing interf)-3.351 F .851
(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 132 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)
-3.35 F F2 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F2 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0
.85(options to the)3.35 F F2(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E
-(\(see)108 144 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .762(SHELL B)3.262 F(UIL)-.09 E
-.762(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.012 E 3.262(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)
+(\(see)108 144 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E
+.763(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)
-.8 G .763(urn of)-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763
-(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.263 E
+(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F2(+o)3.262 E
(emacs)108 156 Q F0(or)2.5 E F2(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F2
(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F2(Readline Notation)87 172.8 Q
F0 .463(In this section, the Emacs-style notation is used to denote k)
108 184.8 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 2.963(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
2.963 G .463(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1
-(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.152(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 196.8 R
-(Similarly)6.152 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.032 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153
-(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.653(,s)C 3.653
-(oM)-3.653 G 1.153(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.653 F(\(On)6.153 E -.1(ke)
-108 208.8 S .831(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.711 E F0 -.1(ke)
-3.591 G 2.131 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .831(means ESC)3.331 F
-F4(x)3.331 E F0 3.331(,i)C .83(.e., press the Escape k)-3.331 F 1.13
--.15(ey t)-.1 H .83(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.1 E F0 -.1(ke)3.86 G 4.63 -.65
-(y. T)-.05 H .83(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .599(ESC the)108 220.8 R F4 .599
-(meta pr)3.099 F(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.599(.T)C .599
-(he combination M\255C\255)-5.599 F F4(x)A F0 .599
-(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)-3.099 G
-.6(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .9 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .6(hen hold).15 F
-(the Control k)108 232.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H(hile pressing the).15 E F4
-(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\)).65 E .62
-(Readline commands may be gi)108 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119(nn).15 G
-(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G .619
-(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.619 E(ho)108
-261.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.418 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.118(ti).4 G
-3.119(st)-3.118 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
+(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 196.8 R
+(Similarly)6.153 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153
+(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652
+(oM)-3.652 G 1.152(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)
+108 208.8 S .83(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G
+2.13 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F4(x)3.33
+E F0 3.33(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1
+H .831(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05
+H .831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 220.8 R F4 .6(meta pr)3.1 F
+(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F4(x)A F0
+.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)
+-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599
+(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 232.8 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
+(hile pressing the).15 E F4(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\))
+.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 249.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119
+(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G
+.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho)
+108 261.6 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G
+3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne)
.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619
-(ument to a command that).18 F 1.019(acts in the forw)108 273.6 R 1.018
+(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 273.6 R 1.018
(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F2(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C
-1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.018
-(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.018 E(mands whose beha)108 285.6 Q
+1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019
+(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 285.6 Q
(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo)
--.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .811(When a command is described as)108 302.4 R F4
+-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 302.4 R F4
(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811
-(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .812
-(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.312(l\().25 G F4
-(yank-)-3.312 E(ing)108 314.4 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529
+(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811
+(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F4
+(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 314.4 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529
F .029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4
.029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H
.029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,)
(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.)
108 338.4 Q F2(Readline Initialization)87 355.2 Q F0 .091(Readline is c\
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-(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 360 R
+(completion\255map\255case \(Off\))108 348 Q F0 .093(If set to)144 360 R
F1(On)2.593 E F0 2.593(,a)C(nd)-2.593 E F1(completion\255ignor)2.593 E
(e\255case)-.18 E F0 .093(is enabled, readline treats h)2.593 F .093
-(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .093
+(yphens \()-.05 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF<ad>A F0 2.593(\)a)C .094
(nd underscores)-2.593 F(\()144 372 Q F2(_)A F0 2.5(\)a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G
(qui)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent when performing case\255insensiti).25 E
.3 -.15(ve \214)-.25 H(lename matching and completion.).15 E F1
(completion\255pr)108 384 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0
.829(The length in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possi\
-ble completions that is displayed)144 396 R 1.275
-(without modi\214cation.)144 408 R 1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274
-(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274
+ble completions that is displayed)144 396 R 1.274
+(without modi\214cation.)144 408 R 1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274
+(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275
(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 420 S(lue are replaced with an \
ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1
-(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 432 Q F0 .529
-(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 444 R .53
-(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the)
-144 456 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061
-F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v)
--.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 468 R
+(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 432 Q F0 .53
+(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 444 R .529
+(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the)
+144 456 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F
+.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v)
+-.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 468 R
.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \
-the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 480 S .237
+the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 480 S .237
(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)
-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G
.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 492 Q F1(con)108 504
-Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 516 R F1(On)
-3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613
-(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541
+Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 516 R F1(On)
+3.113 E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613
+(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15
+(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541
(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
-144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041 F
+144 528 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .542(meta pr)3.042 F
(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 540 Q F0 2.5(\). The)B(def)2.5 E(ault is)-.1 E F2
(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut readline will set it to)-2.7 E F2(Of)2.5 E(f)
-.18 E F0(if the locale contains eight-bit characters.)2.5 E F1
(ord completion.)-.1 F .038
(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the)
144 576 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0
-(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.211
-(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711 G
-1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21
+(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 588 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21
+(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211
+(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211
(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F
(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 612 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .141
+(board.).15 E F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 624 Q F0 .142
(Controls whether readline be)144 636 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
-.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0
-(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0
+.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0
+(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0
(can be set to either)144 648 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .518(If the)144 672
-R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G
-.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the)
+F0(.)A F1(emacs\255mode\255string \(@\))108 660 Q F0 .517(If the)144 672
+R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G
+.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the)
.25 F .622
(last line of the primary prompt when emacs editing mode is acti)144 684
-R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .622(alue is e)-.25 F
-.622(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.122(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.34(yb)-.05 G
-.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.34 F
-.839(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798
+R -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.622(.T).15 G .622(he v)-5.622 F .621(alue is e)-.25 F
+.621(xpanded lik)-.15 F 3.121(ea)-.1 G -.1(ke)144 696 S 3.339(yb)-.05 G
+.839(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x)-3.339 F
+.84(es and backslash escape sequences is)-.15 F -.2(av)144 708 S 2.798
(ailable. Use)-.05 F .298(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.798 F .298
(gin and end sequences of non-printing characters, which)-.15 F
(can be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)
-144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(41)193.45 E 0 Cg
+144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(41)199.835 E 0 Cg
EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(enable\255brack)108 84 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.222
+SF(enable\255brack)108 84 Q(eted\255paste \(Off\))-.1 E F0 1.221
(When set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.721 E F0 3.721(,r)C 1.221
(eadline will con\214gure the terminal in a w)-3.721 F 1.221
(ay that will enable it to insert each)-.1 F .353
(paste into the editing b)144 108 R(uf)-.2 E .353(fer as a single strin\
-g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .544
+g of characters, instead of treating each character as if)-.25 F .543
(it had been read from the k)144 120 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.043(board. This)
-.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .543
+.15 F .543(can pre)3.043 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .544
(nt pasted characters from being interpreted as).15 F(editing commands.)
-144 132 Q F1(enable\255k)108 144 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892
+144 132 Q F1(enable\255k)108 144 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893
(When set to)144 156 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F
+.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F
(tems need this to enable the arro)144 168 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 180 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
(When set to)144 192 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 216 Q F0(If set to)144 228 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0
2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)
-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 240 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
-(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)
-3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \
-the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 264 Q -.15
+(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 252 R F1(On)
+3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \
+the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 264 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G
(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(history\255size \(unset\))108 276 Q F0 .949
+(history\255size \(unset\))108 276 Q F0 .948
(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 288 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
-3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .948
-(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.448(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.598 E .482
-(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 300 R 2.982(we)-.25 G .483
-(ntries are sa)-2.982 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .483(set to a v)
-2.983 F .483(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .278
-(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 312 R .277(By def)5.278 F
-.277(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .277
-(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 324 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.41 E F0 .91(shell v)3.41 F
-3.41(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.41 F/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.411 E F0 .911(to a non-numeric v)
-3.411 F(alue,)-.25 E
+3.448(di).15 G 3.448(nt)-3.448 G .948(he history list.)-3.448 F .949
+(If set to zero, an)5.948 F 3.449(ye)-.15 G(xisting)-3.599 E .483
+(history entries are deleted and no ne)144 300 R 2.983(we)-.25 G .483
+(ntries are sa)-2.983 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.983(d. If).15 F .482(set to a v)
+2.983 F .482(alue less than zero, the num-)-.25 F .277
+(ber of history entries is not limited.)144 312 R .277(By def)5.277 F
+.278(ault, the number of history entries is set to the v)-.1 F .278
+(alue of)-.25 F(the)144 324 Q F1(HISTSIZE)3.411 E F0 .911(shell v)3.411
+F 3.411(ariable. If)-.25 F .911(an attempt is made to set)3.411 F/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(history\255size)3.41 E F0 .91(to a non-numeric v)3.41
+F(alue,)-.25 E
(the maximum number of history entries will be set to 500.)144 336 Q F1
-(horizontal\255scr)108 348 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449
-(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448
-(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448
+(horizontal\255scr)108 348 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448
+(When set to)144 360 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448
+(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449
(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\
when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\
ne)144 372 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 384 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 396
-Q F0 1.062(If set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.562 E F0 3.562(,r)C 1.061(eadlin\
+Q F0 1.061(If set to)144 408 R F1(On)3.561 E F0 3.561(,r)C 1.062(eadlin\
e will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the eighth b\
-it from the)-3.562 F .335(characters it reads\), re)144 420 R -.05(ga)
+it from the)-3.561 F .336(characters it reads\), re)144 420 R -.05(ga)
-.15 G .335(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F
-.336(The name)5.336 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.836 E F0(is)2.836 E 2.865(as)
-144 432 S(ynon)-2.865 E .365(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)
+.335(The name)5.335 F F1(meta\255\215ag)2.835 E F0(is)2.835 E 2.864(as)
+144 432 S(ynon)-2.864 E .364(ym for this v)-.15 F 2.864(ariable. The)
-.25 F(def)2.864 E .364(ault is)-.1 F F2(Of)2.864 E(f)-.18 E F0 2.864
-(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .364
-(if the locale contains)2.864 F(eight-bit characters.)144 444 Q F1
+(,b)C .364(ut readline will set it to)-3.064 F F2(On)2.864 E F0 .365
+(if the locale contains)2.865 F(eight-bit characters.)144 444 Q F1
(isear)108 456 Q(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))
-.63 E F0 .439(The string of characters that should terminate an increm\
ental search without subsequently e)144 468 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E
-.935(ing the character as a command.)144 480 R .935(If this v)5.935 F
-.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934
-(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 492 Q F2
+.934(ing the character as a command.)144 480 R .935(If this v)5.935 F
+.935(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935
+(alue, the characters)-3.685 F F2(ESC)3.435 E F0(and)144 492 Q F2
(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)
-108 504 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 516
-R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021
-(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021
-(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069
+108 504 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021(Set the current readline k)144
+516 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021
+(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.02
+(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E .068
(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 528 R F0 2.568(,a)C
(nd)-2.568 E F2(vi\255insert)2.568 E F0(.).68 E F2(vi)5.068 E F0 .068
(is equi)2.568 F -.25(va)-.25 G .068(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)
-2.568 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.568 E F0 1.543(is equi)144 540 R -.25(va)-.25
-G 1.543(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C
+2.569 E F0(;)A F2(emacs)2.569 E F0 1.544(is equi)144 540 R -.25(va)-.25
+G 1.544(lent to).25 F F2(emacs\255standar)4.044 E(d)-.37 E F0 6.544(.T)C
1.544(he def)-6.544 F 1.544(ault v)-.1 F 1.544(alue is)-.25 F F2(emacs)
4.044 E F0 4.044(;t).27 G 1.544(he v)-4.044 F 1.544(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(editing\255mode)4.044 E F0(also)4.044 E(af)144 552 Q(fects the def)-.25
+(editing\255mode)4.043 E F0(also)4.043 E(af)144 552 Q(fects the def)-.25
E(ault k)-.1 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(map.).15 E F1 -.1(ke)108 564 S
-(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .368(Speci\214es the duration)144 576 R
+(yseq\255timeout \(500\)).1 E F0 .367(Speci\214es the duration)144 576 R
F2 -.37(re)2.867 G(adline).37 E F0 .367(will w)2.867 F .367
-(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .667 -.15(ey s)
+(ait for a character when reading an ambiguous k)-.1 F .668 -.15(ey s)
-.1 H(equence).15 E 1.356(\(one that can form a complete k)144 588 R
1.656 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.356(equence using the input read so f).15 F(ar)
--.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.356(an tak)-3.856 F 3.856(ea)
--.1 G(dditional)-3.856 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 600 R .62
+-.1 E 3.856(,o)-.4 G 3.856(rc)-3.856 G 1.355(an tak)-3.856 F 3.855(ea)
+-.1 G(dditional)-3.855 E .32(input to complete a longer k)144 600 R .62
-.15(ey s)-.1 H 2.82(equence\). If).15 F .32(no input is recei)2.82 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(dw).15 G .32(ithin the timeout,)-2.82 F F2 -.37(re)
-2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .906(use the shorter b)144 612 R .907
+2.82 G(adline).37 E F0(will)2.82 E .907(use the shorter b)144 612 R .907
(ut complete k)-.2 F 1.207 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 3.407(equence. The).15 F -.25
-(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .907
+(va)3.407 G .907(lue is speci\214ed in milliseconds, so a v).25 F .906
(alue of)-.25 F .05(1000 means that)144 624 R F2 -.37(re)2.55 G(adline)
.37 E F0 .05(will w)2.55 F .05(ait one second for additional input.)-.1
F .05(If this v)5.05 F .05(ariable is set to a v)-.25 F(alue)-.25 E .051
(less than or equal to zero, or to a non-numeric v)144 636 R(alue,)-.25
E F2 -.37(re)2.551 G(adline).37 E F0 .051(will w)2.551 F .051
-(ait until another k)-.1 F .352 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.552(sp).15 G(ressed)
--2.552 E(to decide which k)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
+(ait until another k)-.1 F .351 -.15(ey i)-.1 H 2.551(sp).15 G(ressed)
+-2.551 E(to decide which k)144 648 Q .3 -.15(ey s)-.1 H
(equence to complete.).15 E F1(mark\255dir)108 660 Q(ectories \(On\))
-.18 E F0(If set to)144 672 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,c)C
(ompleted directory names ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a s)-.2 H(lash appended.)
.15 E F1(mark\255modi\214ed\255lines \(Off\))108 684 Q F0(If set to)144
696 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,h)C(istory lines that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)
-.2 H(een modi\214ed are displayed with a preceding asterisk \().15 E F1
-(*)A F0(\).)A(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(42)193.45 E 0
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(ompleted names which are symbolic links to directories ha)-2.675 F .475
-.15(ve a s)-.2 H .175(lash appended \(sub-).15 F(ject to the v)144 108
Q(alue of)-.25 E F1(mark\255dir)2.5 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(\).)A F1
-(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 120 Q F0 .192(This v)144 132 R
-.192(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.692 E F0 2.692(,c)C .192
-(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.692 F .193
-(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.693('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.693 E .457
+(match\255hidden\255\214les \(On\))108 120 Q F0 .193(This v)144 132 R
+.193(ariable, when set to)-.25 F F1(On)2.693 E F0 2.693(,c)C .192
+(auses readline to match \214les whose names be)-2.693 F .192
+(gin with a `.)-.15 F 2.692('\()-.7 G(hidden)-2.692 E .456
(\214les\) when performing \214lename completion.)144 144 R .456
(If set to)5.456 F F1(Off)2.956 E F0 2.956(,t)C .456(he leading `.)
--2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .456(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F
+-2.956 F 2.956('m)-.7 G .457(ust be supplied by the)-2.956 F
(user in the \214lename to be completed.)144 156 Q F1
(menu\255complete\255display\255pr)108 168 Q(e\214x \(Off\))-.18 E F0
-1.585(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)4.085 E F0 4.085(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\
+1.586(If set to)144 180 R F1(On)4.086 E F0 4.086(,m)C 1.585(enu complet\
ion displays the common pre\214x of the list of possible completions)
--4.085 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 192 Q
+-4.086 F(\(which may be empty\) before c)144 192 Q
(ycling through the list.)-.15 E F1(output\255meta \(Off\))108 204 Q F0
-.507(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)3.007 E F0 3.007(,r)C .507(eadline will \
+.506(If set to)144 216 R F1(On)3.006 E F0 3.006(,r)C .507(eadline will \
display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than as a me\
-ta-)-3.007 F(pre\214x)144 228 Q .884(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884
+ta-)-3.006 F(pre\214x)144 228 Q .885(ed escape sequence.)-.15 F .884
(The def)5.884 F .884(ault is)-.1 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(Of)3.384 E
(f)-.18 E F0 3.384(,b)C .884(ut readline will set it to)-3.584 F F2(On)
-3.384 E F0 .885(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144
-240 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 252 Q F0 .809(If set to)144 264
+3.384 E F0 .884(if the locale contains)3.384 F(eight-bit characters.)144
+240 Q F1(page\255completions \(On\))108 252 Q F0 .808(If set to)144 264
R F1(On)3.308 E F0 3.308(,r)C .808(eadline uses an internal)-3.308 F F2
(mor)3.308 E(e)-.37 E F0(-lik)A 3.308(ep)-.1 G .808
(ager to display a screenful of possible comple-)-3.308 F
(tions at a time.)144 276 Q F1
-(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 1.318
-(If set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.818 E F0 3.818(,r)C 1.319(eadline will dis\
-play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.818
+(print\255completions\255horizontally \(Off\))108 288 Q F0 1.319
+(If set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.819 E F0 3.819(,r)C 1.318(eadline will dis\
+play completions with matches sorted horizontally in alphabetical)-3.819
F(order)144 312 Q 2.5(,r)-.4 G(ather than do)-2.5 E(wn the screen.)-.25
E F1 -2.29 -.18(re v)108 324 T(ert\255all\255at\255newline \(Off\)).08 E
-F0 .699(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.199 E F0 3.199(,r)C .699
+F0 .698(If set to)144 336 R F1(On)3.198 E F0 3.198(,r)C .699
(eadline will undo all changes to history lines before returning when)
--3.199 F F1(accept\255line)3.198 E F0(is)3.198 E -.15(exe)144 348 S
+-3.198 F F1(accept\255line)3.199 E F0(is)3.199 E -.15(exe)144 348 S
2.686(cuted. By).15 F(def)2.686 E .186
(ault, history lines may be modi\214ed and retain indi)-.1 F .186
(vidual undo lists across calls to)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)144 360 S(adline)
.18 E F0(.)A F1(sho)108 372 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous \(Off\))-.1 E
-F0 .304(This alters the def)144 384 R .304(ault beha)-.1 F .304
+F0 .303(This alters the def)144 384 R .303(ault beha)-.1 F .304
(vior of the completion functions.)-.2 F .304(If set to)5.304 F F1(On)
-2.804 E F0 2.803(,w)C .303(ords which ha)-2.903 F .603 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
+2.804 E F0 2.804(,w)C .304(ords which ha)-2.904 F .604 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
(ore).15 E 1.264(than one possible completion cause the matches to be l\
isted immediately instead of ringing the)144 396 R(bell.)144 408 Q F1
-(sho)108 420 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.346
-(This alters the def)144 432 R 5.346(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
-(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.345(ashion similar to)
--.1 F F1(sho)144 444 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.69(.I)C
-4.19(fs)-6.69 G 1.691(et to)-4.19 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691
+(sho)108 420 Q(w\255all\255if\255unmodi\214ed \(Off\))-.1 E F0 5.345
+(This alters the def)144 432 R 5.345(ault beha)-.1 F 5.345
+(vior of the completion functions in a f)-.2 F 5.346(ashion similar to)
+-.1 F F1(sho)144 444 Q(w\255all\255if\255ambiguous)-.1 E F0 6.691(.I)C
+4.191(fs)-6.691 G 1.691(et to)-4.191 F F1(On)4.191 E F0 4.191(,w)C 1.691
(ords which ha)-4.291 F 1.991 -.15(ve m)-.2 H 1.691
-(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.04(without an)144 456 R 3.54
+(ore than one possible completion).15 F 1.039(without an)144 456 R 3.539
(yp)-.15 G 1.039
-(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.54 F
-3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.039(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the match\
-es to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 468 Q F1
-(sho)108 480 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.021
-(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.521 E F0 3.521(,a)C 1.022
-(dd a string to the be)-3.521 F 1.022
+(ossible partial completion \(the possible completions don')-3.539 F
+3.539(ts)-.18 G 1.04(hare a common pre\214x\))-3.539 F(cause the matche\
+s to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.)144 468 Q F1
+(sho)108 480 Q(w\255mode\255in\255pr)-.1 E(ompt \(Off\))-.18 E F0 1.022
+(If set to)144 492 R F1(On)3.522 E F0 3.522(,a)C 1.022
+(dd a string to the be)-3.522 F 1.021
(ginning of the prompt indicating the editing mode: emacs, vi)-.15 F
(command, or vi insertion.)144 504 Q(The mode strings are user)5 E
(-settable \(e.g.,)-.2 E F2(emacs\255mode\255string)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1
-(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .095(If set to)144 528 R
-F1(On)2.595 E F0 2.595(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.595 F .095
-(ault completion beha)-.1 F .094
+(skip\255completed\255text \(Off\))108 516 Q F0 .094(If set to)144 528 R
+F1(On)2.594 E F0 2.594(,t)C .095(his alters the def)-2.594 F .095
+(ault completion beha)-.1 F .095
(vior when inserting a single match into the line.)-.2 F(It')144 540 Q
-2.545(so)-.55 G .045(nly acti)-2.545 F .345 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046
-(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.546(ord. If)-.1
-F .046(enabled, readline does not)2.546 F 1.394(insert characters from \
+2.546(so)-.55 G .046(nly acti)-2.546 F .346 -.15(ve w)-.25 H .046
+(hen performing completion in the middle of a w).15 F 2.545(ord. If)-.1
+F .045(enabled, readline does not)2.545 F 1.394(insert characters from \
the completion that match characters after point in the w)144 552 R
-1.394(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 564 Q
+1.395(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, so portions of the w)144 564 Q
(ord follo)-.1 E(wing the cursor are not duplicated.)-.25 E F1
-(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 576 Q F0 .517(If the)144
-588 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.017 G
-.518(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the)
+(vi\255cmd\255mode\255string \(\(cmd\)\))108 576 Q F0 .518(If the)144
+588 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 -.25(va)3.018 G
+.517(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the)
.25 F .475(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)
-144 600 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .475(nd in command mode.).15 F .475
-(The v)5.475 F(alue)-.25 E 1.235(is e)144 612 R 1.235(xpanded lik)-.15 F
-3.735(eak)-.1 G 1.535 -.15(ey b)-3.835 H 1.236
-(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.236
-(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 624 R -.25(va)
--.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F
-.314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\
+144 600 R .775 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .476(nd in command mode.).15 F .476
+(The v)5.476 F(alue)-.25 E 1.236(is e)144 612 R 1.236(xpanded lik)-.15 F
+3.736(eak)-.1 G 1.536 -.15(ey b)-3.836 H 1.236
+(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.235
+(es and backslash)-.15 F .314(escape sequences is a)144 624 R -.25(va)
+-.2 G 2.814(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.814 F
+.315(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\
an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)
-144 636 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 648 Q F0 .517
-(If the)144 660 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.017 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
--.25(va)3.017 G .518
+144 636 Q F1(vi\255ins\255mode\255string \(\(ins\)\))108 648 Q F0 .518
+(If the)144 660 R F2(show\255mode\255in\255pr)3.018 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
+-.25(va)3.018 G .517
(riable is enabled, this string is displayed immediately before the).25
F .186(last line of the primary prompt when vi editing mode is acti)144
-672 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .186(The v)
-5.186 F .186(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 684 S 1.929(panded lik).15 F
-4.429(eak)-.1 G 2.229 -.15(ey b)-4.529 H 1.929
-(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.93
-(es and backslash)-.15 F .315(escape sequences is a)144 696 R -.25(va)
--.2 G 2.815(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.815 F
-.314(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\
+672 R .486 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .186(nd in insertion mode.).15 F .187(The v)
+5.186 F .187(alue is)-.25 F -.15(ex)144 684 S 1.93(panded lik).15 F 4.43
+(eak)-.1 G 2.23 -.15(ey b)-4.53 H 1.929
+(inding, so the standard set of meta- and control pre\214x).15 F 1.929
+(es and backslash)-.15 F .314(escape sequences is a)144 696 R -.25(va)
+-.2 G 2.814(ilable. Use).25 F .314(the \\1 and \\2 escapes to be)2.814 F
+.315(gin and end sequences of non-print-)-.15 F(ing characters, which c\
an be used to embed a terminal control sequence into the mode string.)
-144 708 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(43)193.45 E 0 Cg
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EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .846(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)
+SF(visible\255stats \(Off\))108 84 Q F0 .847(If set to)144 96 R F1(On)
3.346 E F0 3.346(,ac)C .846(haracter denoting a \214le')-3.346 F 3.346
(st)-.55 G .846(ype as reported by)-3.346 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
(stat)3.346 E F0 .846(\(2\) is appended to the \214lename)B
(when listing possible completions.)144 108 Q F1
(Readline Conditional Constructs)87 124.8 Q F0 .05
(Readline implements a f)108 136.8 R .05(acility similar in spirit to t\
-he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .096
-(which allo)108 148.8 R .096(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096
+he conditional compilation features of the C preprocessor)-.1 F .097
+(which allo)108 148.8 R .097(ws k)-.25 F .396 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .096
(indings and v).15 F .096
-(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .097
+(ariable settings to be performed as the result of tests.)-.25 F .096
(There are four parser)5.096 F(directi)108 160.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 177.6 Q F0(The)144 177.6 Q F1($if)2.963
-E F0 .463(construct allo)2.963 F .462(ws bindings to be made based on t\
+(su).15 G(sed.)-2.5 E F1($if)108 177.6 Q F0(The)144 177.6 Q F1($if)2.962
+E F0 .462(construct allo)2.962 F .463(ws bindings to be made based on t\
he editing mode, the terminal being used,)-.25 F
(or the application using readline.)144 189.6 Q(The te)5 E
(xt of the test, after an)-.15 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(omparison operator)-2.5 E
(,)-.4 E -.15(ex)146.5 201.6 S(tends to the end of the line; unless oth\
erwise noted, no characters are required to isolate it.).15 E F1(mode)
-144 218.4 Q F0(The)180 218.4 Q F1(mode=)3.711 E F0 1.211(form of the)
-3.711 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711
+144 218.4 Q F0(The)180 218.4 Q F1(mode=)3.712 E F0 1.212(form of the)
+3.712 F F1($if)3.711 E F0(directi)3.711 E 1.511 -.15(ve i)-.25 H 3.711
(su).15 G 1.211(sed to test whether readline is in emacs or vi)-3.711 F
3.065(mode. This)180 230.4 R .565(may be used in conjunction with the)
3.065 F F1 .565(set k)3.065 F(eymap)-.1 E F0 .565
F2(emacs\255standar)3.235 E(d)-.37 E F0(and)3.235 E F2(emacs\255ctlx)
3.235 E F0 -.1(ke)3.235 G .735(ymaps only if readline is starting)-.05 F
(out in emacs mode.)180 254.4 Q F1(term)144 271.2 Q F0(The)180 271.2 Q
-F1(term=)3.197 E F0 .696
-(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.197 F .996 -.15
-(ey b)-.1 H .696(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 283.2 R
+F1(term=)3.196 E F0 .696
+(form may be used to include terminal-speci\214c k)3.196 F .996 -.15
+(ey b)-.1 H .697(indings, perhaps to bind).15 F .654(the k)180 283.2 R
.954 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .654(equences output by the terminal').15 F 3.154
(sf)-.55 G .654(unction k)-3.154 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 3.154(s. The).15 F -.1
-(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 295.2 Q F1(=)3.232
-E F0 .732(is tested ag)3.232 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\
+(wo)3.154 G .654(rd on the right side of).1 F(the)180 295.2 Q F1(=)3.231
+E F0 .731(is tested ag)3.231 F .732(ainst both the full name of the ter\
minal and the portion of the terminal)-.05 F(name before the \214rst)180
307.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
(to match both)2.74 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0(and)2.74 E F2(sun\255cmd)2.5 E F0
2.5(,f).77 G(or instance.)-2.5 E F1 -.1(ve)144 324 S(rsion).1 E F0(The)
-180 336 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.108 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608
-(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.108 F .609
+180 336 Q F1 -.1(ve)3.109 G(rsion).1 E F0 .608
+(test may be used to perform comparisons ag)3.109 F .608
(ainst speci\214c readline v)-.05 F(ersions.)-.15 E(The)180 348 Q F1 -.1
-(ve)3.929 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)3.929 G 1.428
-(pands to the current readline v).15 F 3.928(ersion. The)-.15 F 1.428
-(set of comparison operators)3.928 F(includes)180 360 Q F1(=)2.605 E F0
-2.605(,\()C(and)-2.605 E F1(==)2.606 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1
+(ve)3.928 G(rsion).1 E F0 -.15(ex)3.928 G 1.428
+(pands to the current readline v).15 F 3.928(ersion. The)-.15 F 1.429
+(set of comparison operators)3.929 F(includes)180 360 Q F1(=)2.606 E F0
+2.606(,\()C(and)-2.606 E F1(==)2.606 E F0(\),)A F1(!=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1
(<=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(>=)2.606 E F0(,)A F1(<)2.606 E F0 2.606(,a)C(nd)
-2.606 E F1(>)2.606 E F0 5.106(.T)C .106(he v)-5.106 F .106
-(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F 1.472
+(ersion number supplied on the right side)-.15 F 1.471
(of the operator consists of a major v)180 372 R 1.471(ersion number)
--.15 F 3.971(,a)-.4 G 3.971(no)-3.971 G 1.471
-(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.971 F .766(optional minor v)180 384 R
-.766(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)3.266 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B
-.766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.267 E F0(.)A
-1.756(The operator may be separated from the string)180 396 R F1 -.1(ve)
-4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.755(and from the v)4.255 F 1.755(ersion number)
+-.15 F 3.972(,a)-.4 G 3.972(no)-3.972 G 1.472
+(ptional decimal point, and an)-3.972 F .767(optional minor v)180 384 R
+.767(ersion \(e.g.,)-.15 F F1(7.1)3.267 E F0 .766(\). If the minor v)B
+.766(ersion is omitted, it is assumed to be)-.15 F F1(0)3.266 E F0(.)A
+1.755(The operator may be separated from the string)180 396 R F1 -.1(ve)
+4.255 G(rsion).1 E F0 1.756(and from the v)4.256 F 1.756(ersion number)
-.15 F(ar)180 408 Q(gument by whitespace.)-.18 E F1(application)144
424.8 Q F0(The)180 436.8 Q F1(application)3.003 E F0 .503
(construct is used to include application-speci\214c settings.)3.003 F
.503(Each program)5.503 F .114(using the readline library sets the)180
448.8 R F2 .114(application name)2.614 F F0 2.614(,a)C .114
-(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .5(particular v)180
-460.8 R 3(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3 F .801 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H .501(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F .397
-(ci\214c program.)180 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.397 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396
+(nd an initialization \214le can test for a)-2.614 F .501(particular v)
+180 460.8 R 3.001(alue. This)-.25 F .501(could be used to bind k)3.001 F
+.801 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .5(equences to functions useful for a spe-).15 F
+.396(ci\214c program.)180 472.8 R -.15(Fo)5.396 G 2.896(ri).15 G .396
(nstance, the follo)-2.896 F .396(wing command adds a k)-.25 F .696 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H .396(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 484.8
+(ey s)-.1 H .397(equence that quotes the).15 F(current or pre)180 484.8
Q(vious w)-.25 E(ord in)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(:)A F1($if)180 508.8 Q F0
(Bash)2.5 E 2.5(#Q)180 520.8 S(uote the current or pre)-2.5 E(vious w)
-.25 E(ord)-.1 E("\\C\255xq": "\\eb\\"\\ef\\"")180 532.8 Q F1($endif)180
-544.8 Q F2(variable)144 561.6 Q F0(The)180 573.6 Q F2(variable)3.776 E
-F0 1.276(construct pro)3.776 F 1.276
-(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.277(ariables and v)
--.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .08(The permitted comparison operators are)180
+544.8 Q F2(variable)144 561.6 Q F0(The)180 573.6 Q F2(variable)3.777 E
+F0 1.277(construct pro)3.777 F 1.276
+(vides simple equality tests for readline v)-.15 F 1.276(ariables and v)
+-.25 F(alues.)-.25 E .079(The permitted comparison operators are)180
585.6 R F2(=)2.579 E F0(,)A F2(==)2.579 E F0 2.579(,a)C(nd)-2.579 E F2
-(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .079
+(!=)2.579 E F0 5.079(.T)C .079(he v)-5.079 F .08
(ariable name must be sepa-)-.25 F .98(rated from the comparison operat\
-or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 597.6 R .13
-(the v)180 609.6 R .13(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25 F
-.129(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .129(ariables may be)-.25 F
+or by whitespace; the operator may be separated from)180 597.6 R .129
+(the v)180 609.6 R .129(alue on the right hand side by whitespace.)-.25
+F .13(Both string and boolean v)5.129 F .13(ariables may be)-.25 F
(tested. Boolean v)180 621.6 Q(ariables must be tested ag)-.25 E
(ainst the v)-.05 E(alues)-.25 E F2(on)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(of)2.5 E(f)
-.18 E F0(.)A F1($endif)108 638.4 Q F0(This command, as seen in the pre)
(command.)2.5 E F1($else)108 655.2 Q F0(Commands in this branch of the)
144 655.2 Q F1($if)2.5 E F0(directi)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(re e).15 E
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted if the test f).15 E(ails.)-.1 E F1($include)108 672
-Q F0 .356(This directi)144 684 R .656 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .356
-(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .357
+Q F0 .357(This directi)144 684 R .657 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(ak).15 E .357
+(es a single \214lename as an ar)-.1 F .356
(gument and reads commands and bindings from that)-.18 F 2.5(\214le. F)
144 696 R(or e)-.15 E(xample, the follo)-.15 E(wing directi)-.25 E .3
-.15(ve w)-.25 H(ould read).05 E F2(/etc/inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(:)A F1
($include)144 720 Q F2(/etc/inputr)5.833 E(c)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash 5.0)72
-768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(44)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(44)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(Sear)87 84 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .835(Readline pro)108 96 R .835
+SF(Sear)87 84 Q(ching)-.18 E F0 .834(Readline pro)108 96 R .834
(vides commands for searching through the command history \(see)-.15 F
-/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.334 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.084 E
-.834(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 108 Q
+/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.335 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)3.085 E
+.835(w\) for lines)-.25 F(containing a speci\214ed string.)108 108 Q
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(xt entry from the history matching the string typed so f)-.15 F(ar)-.1
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(If that v)108 172.8 R .66(ariable has not been assigned a v)-.25 F .66
(alue the Escape and Control-J characters will terminate an incre-)-.25
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108 213.6 T 1.339(nd other matching entries in the history list, type C\
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H .174
(equence bound to a readline command will terminate the search and e).15
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G .175(cute that command.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.175 G(r).15 E
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-(xe)-.15 G .54(cuting the command from the).15 F(history list.)108 261.6
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(The follo)108 348 R 1.391
(wing is a list of the names of the commands and the def)-.25 F 1.391
(ault k)-.1 F 1.691 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.391(equences to which the).15 F
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(ord \(M\255b\))-.1 E F0(Mo)144 556.8 Q 1.71 -.15(ve b)-.15 H 1.41
(ack to the start of the current or pre).15 F 1.41(vious w)-.25 F 3.91
(orw).15 E .484(ard to the end of the ne)-.1 F .484(xt w)-.15 F 2.984
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%%Page: 46 46
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S(draw\255curr).18 E(ent\255line)-.18 E F0(Refresh the current line.)144
156 Q F1(Commands f)87 172.8 Q(or Manipulating the History)-.25 E
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144 412.8 R .164(ard through the history starting at the current line u\
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H .507(ack through the history list, inserting the last w).15 F .507
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(ument switches the direction).18 F .494
(through the history \(back or forw)144 156 R 2.994(ard\). The)-.1 F
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168 S(rd, as if the "!$" history e).1 E(xpansion had been speci\214ed.)
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(Expand the line as the shell does.)144 192 R .622
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(Perform history e)144 228 R .939(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
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-108 252 Q F0 1.627(Perform history e)144 264 R 1.627
-(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.626 E F2
-(HIST)4.126 E(OR)-.162 E 3.876(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.876 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0
+(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.189 E 3.438(wf)-.25 G .938(or a descrip-)
+-3.438 F(tion of history e)144 240 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(magic\255space)
+108 252 Q F0 1.626(Perform history e)144 264 R 1.626
+(xpansion on the current line and insert a space.)-.15 F(See)6.627 E F2
+(HIST)4.127 E(OR)-.162 E 3.877(YE)-.315 G(XP)-3.877 E(ANSION)-.666 E F0
(belo)144 276 Q 2.5(wf)-.25 G(or a description of history e)-2.5 E
-(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 288 Q F0 .394
-(Perform alias e)144 300 R .394(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
-(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .695 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
-.395(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 312 Q F1
+(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(alias\255expand\255line)108 288 Q F0 .395
+(Perform alias e)144 300 R .395(xpansion on the current line.)-.15 F
+(See)5.395 E F2(ALIASES)2.895 E F0(abo)2.645 E .694 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
+.394(or a description of alias e).15 F(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)144 312 Q F1
(history\255and\255alias\255expand\255line)108 324 Q F0
(Perform history and alias e)144 336 Q(xpansion on the current line.)
-.15 E F1(insert\255last\255ar)108 348 Q(gument \(M\255.)-.1 E 2.5(,M)
.833 G -1.667(\255_ \))-2.5 F F0 2.5(As)144 360 S(ynon)-2.5 E(ym for)
-.15 E F1(yank\255last\255ar)2.5 E(g)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
-(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 372 Q F0 .948
+(operate\255and\255get\255next \(C\255o\))108 372 Q F0 .947
(Accept the current line for e)144 384 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .948
-(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.247 -.15
-(ve t)-.25 H 3.447(ot).15 G .947(he current line from the)-3.447 F .729
-(history for editing.)144 396 R 3.229(An)5.729 G .729(umeric ar)-3.229 F
+(cution and fetch the ne).15 F .948(xt line relati)-.15 F 1.248 -.15
+(ve t)-.25 H 3.448(ot).15 G .948(he current line from the)-3.448 F .73
+(history for editing.)144 396 R 3.23(An)5.73 G .73(umeric ar)-3.23 F
.729
(gument, if supplied, speci\214es the history entry to use instead of)
-.18 F(the current line.)144 408 Q F1
(and)2.25 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(emacs)2.5 E F0(as the editor)2.5 E
2.5(,i)-.4 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(hat order)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(Commands f)87
460.8 Q(or Changing T)-.25 E(ext)-.92 E F4(end\255of\255\214le)108 472.8
-Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .798
+Q F1(\(usually C\255d\))2.5 E F0 .799
(The character indicating end-of-\214le as set, for e)144 484.8 R .799
-(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.299
-(ft)-5.799 G .799(his character is read when)-3.299 F .592
+(xample, by)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(stty)3.299 E F0 5.799(.I)C 3.298
+(ft)-5.799 G .798(his character is read when)-3.298 F .592
(there are no characters on the line, and point is at the be)144 496.8 R
-.592(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F
+.593(ginning of the line, Readline interprets it)-.15 F
(as the end of input and returns)144 508.8 Q F2(EOF)2.5 E F3(.)A F1
-(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 520.8 Q F0 .441
+(delete\255char \(C\255d\))108 520.8 Q F0 .442
(Delete the character at point.)144 532.8 R .442
-(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.441 F F1
-(EOF)2.942 E F0(char)2.942 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 544.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)
+(If this function is bound to the same character as the tty)5.442 F F1
+(EOF)2.941 E F0(char)2.941 E(-)-.2 E(acter)144 544.8 Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(s)
-2.5 E F1(C\255d)2.5 E F0(commonly is, see abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.15 H
(or the ef).15 E(fects.)-.25 E F1(backward\255delete\255char \(Rubout\))
-108 556.8 Q F0 .553(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 568.8 R
+108 556.8 Q F0 .552(Delete the character behind the cursor)144 568.8 R
5.553(.W)-.55 G .553(hen gi)-5.553 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.053(nan).15 G .553
-(umeric ar)-3.053 F .552(gument, sa)-.18 F .852 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .552
-(he deleted te).15 F .552(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 580.8 Q F1
--.25(fo)108 592.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .473
-(Delete the character under the cursor)144 604.8 R 2.973(,u)-.4 G .474
-(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.973 F
+(umeric ar)-3.053 F .553(gument, sa)-.18 F .853 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .553
+(he deleted te).15 F .553(xt on)-.15 F(the kill ring.)144 580.8 Q F1
+-.25(fo)108 592.8 S(rward\255backward\255delete\255char).25 E F0 .474
+(Delete the character under the cursor)144 604.8 R 2.974(,u)-.4 G .474
+(nless the cursor is at the end of the line, in which case the)-2.974 F
(character behind the cursor is deleted.)144 616.8 Q F1
-(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 628.8 Q F0 .779(Add the ne)144
+(quoted\255insert \(C\255q, C\255v\))108 628.8 Q F0 .778(Add the ne)144
640.8 R .779(xt character typed to the line v)-.15 F 3.279
(erbatim. This)-.15 F .779(is ho)3.279 F 3.279(wt)-.25 G 3.279(oi)-3.279
-G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.278 E F0 3.278
-(,f)C(or)-3.278 E -.15(ex)144 652.8 S(ample.).15 E F1
+G .779(nsert characters lik)-3.279 F(e)-.1 E F1(C\255q)3.279 E F0 3.279
+(,f)C(or)-3.279 E -.15(ex)144 652.8 S(ample.).15 E F1
(tab\255insert \(C\255v T)108 664.8 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0
(Insert a tab character)144 676.8 Q(.)-.55 E F1
(self\255insert \(a, b, A, 1, !, ...\))108 688.8 Q F0
(Insert the character typed.)144 700.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 March 15)144.29 E(47)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 June 8)150.675 E(47)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 84 Q F0 .321
+SF(transpose\255chars \(C\255t\))108 84 Q F0 .322
(Drag the character before point forw)144 96 R .321(ard o)-.1 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .322
-(ving point forw)-.15 F .322(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182
+-.15 G 2.821(rt).15 G .321(he character at point, mo)-2.821 F .321
+(ving point forw)-.15 F .321(ard as well.)-.1 F 1.182
(If point is at the end of the line, then this transposes the tw)144 108
-R 3.682(oc)-.1 G 1.182(haracters before point.)-3.682 F(Ne)6.182 E -.05
+R 3.683(oc)-.1 G 1.183(haracters before point.)-3.683 F(Ne)6.183 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ar)144 120 Q(guments ha)-.18 E .3
-.15(ve n)-.2 H 2.5(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.5 G(ect.).25 E F1
-(transpose\255w)108 132 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .023(Drag the w)144
-144 R .023(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
--.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.524(rt).15 G .024(hat w)
--2.524 F .024(ord as well.)-.1 F .024(If point)5.024 F
+(transpose\255w)108 132 Q(ords \(M\255t\))-.1 E F0 .024(Drag the w)144
+144 R .024(ord before point past the w)-.1 F .023(ord after point, mo)
+-.1 F .023(ving point o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.523(rt).15 G .023(hat w)
+-2.523 F .023(ord as well.)-.1 F .023(If point)5.023 F
(is at the end of the line, this transposes the last tw)144 156 Q 2.5
(ow)-.1 G(ords on the line.)-2.6 E F1(upcase\255w)108 168 Q
-(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.699(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 180
+(ord \(M\255u\))-.1 E F0 1.698(Uppercase the current \(or follo)144 180
R 1.698(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.198(ord. W)-.1 F 1.698(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E 1.998 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.698
+-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.999 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.699
(ument, uppercase the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 192 S(rd, b).1 E
(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(do)108 204 Q
-(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 216 Q 1.647
-(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.647(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.147
-(ord. W)-.1 F 1.648(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.948 -.15
-(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.648(ument, lo).18 F 1.648(wercase the pre)
+(wncase\255w)-.1 E(ord \(M\255l\))-.1 E F0(Lo)144 216 Q 1.648
+(wercase the current \(or follo)-.25 F 1.648(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.148
+(ord. W)-.1 F 1.647(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 1.947 -.15
+(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.647(ument, lo).18 F 1.647(wercase the pre)
-.25 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 228 S(rd, b).1 E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3
-.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1(capitalize\255w)108 240 Q
-(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.975(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 252
+(ord \(M\255c\))-.1 E F0 1.974(Capitalize the current \(or follo)144 252
R 1.974(wing\) w)-.25 F 4.474(ord. W)-.1 F 1.974(ith a ne)-.4 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.974
+-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.274 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.975
(ument, capitalize the pre).18 F(vious)-.25 E -.1(wo)144 264 S(rd, b).1
E(ut do not mo)-.2 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.15 H(oint.).15 E F1 -.1(ove)108 276
-S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 288 S .437(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15
-G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.437 G .437(th an e).4 F .437
-(xplicit positi)-.15 F .738 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .438(umeric ar).15 F .438
-(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4
-(Wi)144 300 S .781(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081
--.15(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781
-(gument, switches to insert mode.)-.18 F .78(This command af)5.781 F
-(fects)-.25 E(only)144 312 Q F1(emacs)4.394 E F0(mode;)4.394 E F1(vi)
-4.394 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.394 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15
-F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G 1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.395 G(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.895
-(starts in insert)4.395 F 3.969(mode. In)144 324 R -.15(ove)3.969 G
-1.469(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1(self\255insert)3.969 E
-F0 1.468(replace the te)3.969 F 1.468(xt at point rather than)-.15 F
-.957(pushing the te)144 336 R .957(xt to the right.)-.15 F .958
-(Characters bound to)5.957 F F1(backward\255delete\255char)3.458 E F0
-.958(replace the character)3.458 F(before point with a space.)144 348 Q
-(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87
-364.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 376.8 Q F0
-(Kill the te)144 388.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1
+S(rwrite\255mode).1 E F0 -.8(To)144 288 S .438(ggle o).8 F -.15(ve)-.15
+G .438(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4(Wi)5.438 G .438(th an e).4 F .438
+(xplicit positi)-.15 F .737 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .437(umeric ar).15 F .437
+(gument, switches to o)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .437(rwrite mode.).15 F -.4
+(Wi)144 300 S .78(th an e).4 F .781(xplicit non-positi)-.15 F 1.081 -.15
+(ve n)-.25 H .781(umeric ar).15 F .781(gument, switches to insert mode.)
+-.18 F .781(This command af)5.781 F(fects)-.25 E(only)144 312 Q F1
+(emacs)4.395 E F0(mode;)4.395 E F1(vi)4.395 E F0 1.894(mode does o)4.395
+F -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.894(rwrite dif).15 F(ferently)-.25 E 6.894(.E)-.65 G
+1.894(ach call to)-6.894 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.37(re)4.394 G
+(adline\(\)).37 E F0 1.894(starts in insert)4.394 F 3.968(mode. In)144
+324 R -.15(ove)3.968 G 1.468(rwrite mode, characters bound to).15 F F1
+(self\255insert)3.969 E F0 1.469(replace the te)3.969 F 1.469
+(xt at point rather than)-.15 F .958(pushing the te)144 336 R .958
+(xt to the right.)-.15 F .957(Characters bound to)5.958 F F1
+(backward\255delete\255char)3.457 E F0 .957(replace the character)3.457
+F(before point with a space.)144 348 Q(By def)5 E
+(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87 364.8 Q
+(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 376.8 Q F0(Kill the te)144
+388.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1
(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 400.8 Q F0(Kill backw)
144 412.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1
(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 424.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 436.8
(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)
-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 448.8 Q F0
(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144
-460.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 472.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
-(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 484.8 R .728
-(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
+460.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 472.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 484.8 R .729
+(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729
(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 496.8 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G
(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 508.8 Q
(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 520.8 Q(ord behind point.)
-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1
(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 532.8 Q
-(ord)-.1 E F0 .728(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 544.8
-R .729(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F
-.729(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 556.8 S
+(ord)-.1 E F0 .729(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 544.8
+R .728(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F
+.728(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 556.8 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E
(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)
108 568.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 580.8 R 3.025
(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-)
5.525 E(ward\255w)144 592.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 604.8 Q
-(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 616.8 R .364
-(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1
-F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144
-628.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 640.8 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)
+(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 616.8 R .365
+(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1
+F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
+(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144
+628.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 640.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)
144 652.8 R .166
(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
--.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 664.8 Q
+-.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 664.8 Q
(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)
-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 676.8 Q F0
(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 688.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108
700.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 712.8 Q(xt in the current re)
--.15 E(gion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(48)
-193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+-.15 E(gion.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(48)
+199.835 E 0 Cg EP
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SF(copy\255r)108 84 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)144 96 Q 2.5(yt)
-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2
E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1(copy\255backward\255w)108 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0
-(Cop)144 120 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G 2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3
+(Cop)144 120 Q 4.801(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301
(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55
-G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1
-(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 132 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 144
-Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 156 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008
-(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1 F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25
-F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007
-(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G
+G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)
+4.8 E(ward\255w)144 132 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 144 Q
+(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 156 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007
+(he w)-4.507 F 2.007(ord follo)-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25
+F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.008(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008
+(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G
(ward\255w)144 168 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 180 Q F0 -1
(Ya)144 192 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E
(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 204 Q F0
(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .367
(Add this digit to the ar)144 256.8 R .367
(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 2.867(wa)-.25 G -.18
-(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .367(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05
+(rg)-2.867 G 2.867(ument. M\255\255).18 F .366(starts a ne)2.867 F -.05
(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)144 268.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
(ument.).18 E F1(uni)108 280.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1
-E F0 .779(This is another w)144 292.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
-3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778
+E F0 .778(This is another w)144 292.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F
+3.279(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779
(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
304.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
316.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17
(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 328.8 R .898
-(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 328.8 R .898
+(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898
(wed by a character that is)-.25 F 1.23
(neither a digit nor minus sign, the ar)144 340.8 R 1.23
(gument count for the ne)-.18 F 1.23(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F(.)-.55 E .822(The ar)144 352.8 R .822
+-.15 F(.)-.55 E .823(The ar)144 352.8 R .823
(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .823
-(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .823(es the ar)-.1 F
+(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .822(es the ar)-.1 F
(gument)-.18 E(count four)144 364.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)-2.5
E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1(Completing)
87 381.6 Q(complete \(T)108 393.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 405.6 R 1.137
(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 417.6 Q .532(xt as a v)
--.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
--.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F
-.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 429.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701
-(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701
+(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 417.6 Q .533(xt as a v)
+-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
+-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F
+.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
+144 429.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
+(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702
(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 441.6 Q F1
(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 453.6 Q F0
-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 477.6 Q F0 .783
(Insert all completions of the te)144 489.6 R .783
(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
-.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144
-501.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 513.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144
-525.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629
+.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144
+501.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 513.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144
+525.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628
F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F
-1.193(possible completions.)144 537.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194
-(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829
+1.194(possible completions.)144 537.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193
+(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828
(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 549.6 R .828
(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
(\(subject to the setting of)144 561.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F
.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227
-E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73
+E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73
(positions forw)144 573.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73
(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1
F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 633.6 Q F0 .234
(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 645.6 R
.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)
-2.734 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 657.6 R -.15
+2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 657.6 R -.15
(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1
(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425
(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 669.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1
-.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 705.6 Q
F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 717.6 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72
-768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(49)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(49)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 50 50
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 204 Q F0
(List the possible completions of the te)144 216 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 228 Q F0 .581
+(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 228 Q F0 .58
(Attempt completion on the te)144 240 R .581
-(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .58
-(Command comple-)5.58 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 252 R
+(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581
+(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 252 R
.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F
(\214nally e)144 264 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 276 Q F0
(List the possible completions of the te)144 288 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 300 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .425
+(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 300 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424
(Attempt completion on the te)144 312 R .425
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .424
+(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425
(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
(for possible completion matches.)144 324 Q F1(dab)108 336 Q(br)-.1 E
--.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .61
+-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611
(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 348 R .611
-(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .611(xt ag)-.15 F .611
+(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61
(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 360 Q F1
(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 372 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1
(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 472.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
-E F0(Re-e)144 484.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G .999(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)
--.1 G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro\
- appear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 496.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15
-E F1(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 508.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E
-F0(Print the last k)144 520.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
+E F0(Re-e)144 484.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1
+G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\
+ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 496.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1
+(print\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 508.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(\))-2.5 E F0
+(Print the last k)144 520.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
(board macro de\214ned in a format suitable for the).15 E/F2 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1
(Miscellaneous)87 537.6 Q -.18(re)108 549.6 S<ad72>.18 E
-(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.777
-(Read in the contents of the)144 561.6 R F2(inputr)4.277 E(c)-.37 E F0
-1.776(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.276(yb)-.15 G 1.776
-(indings or v)-4.276 F 1.776(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
-573.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 585.6 Q F0 3.248
+(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776
+(Read in the contents of the)144 561.6 R F2(inputr)4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0
+1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)-.15 G 1.777
+(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F(found there.)144
+573.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 585.6 Q F0 3.249
(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 597.6 R
-5.749(sb)-.55 G 3.249(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.749 F F1
+5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1
(bell\255style)144 609.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255lo)108 621.6 Q(wer)-.1 E
(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255A, M\255B, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)
-C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.739(If the meta\214ed character)144 633.6 R F2(x)
-4.239 E F0 1.739
-(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.239
+C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.738(If the meta\214ed character)144 633.6 R F2(x)
+4.238 E F0 1.739
+(is uppercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)4.238
F(meta\214ed lo)144 645.6 Q(wercase character)-.25 E 5(.T)-.55 G
(he beha)-5 E(vior is unde\214ned if)-.2 E F2(x)2.5 E F0(is already lo)
2.5 E(wercase.)-.25 E F1(pr)108 657.6 Q(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0
F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E
F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F
(return the line to its initial state.)144 729.6 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
-(2018 March 15)144.29 E(50)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(2018 June 8)150.675 E(50)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 51 51
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
(Set the mark to the point.)144 120 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1
(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 132 Q F0(Sw)144
-144 Q .283(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
+144 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.782(dp).15 G .282(osition, and the old)-2.782 F(cursor position is sa)
+2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa)
144 156 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
-(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.035(Ac)144 180 S
-.535(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.035 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt)
+(character\255sear)108 168 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 180 S
+.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt)
.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
-(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.536(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
-(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .836 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
+(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
+(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
144 192 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 204 Q
-(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.544(Ac)144 216 S 1.044
-(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.544 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
+(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 216 S 1.043
+(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044
-(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.043(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
+(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 228 Q F1
-(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 240 Q F0 1.826
+(skip\255csi\255sequence)108 240 Q F0 1.827
(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 252 R 2.126 -.15(ey s)
--.1 H 1.827(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-4.327(sl).15 G(ik)-4.327 E(e)-.1 E .791(Home and End.)144 264 R .791
-(Such sequences be)5.791 F .791
+-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
+4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 264 R .791
+(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791
(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F
-.331(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 276 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831
-(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .632 -.15(ve n)
--.2 H 2.832(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.832 G .332(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-)
+.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 276 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831
+(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n)
+-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-)
-.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\
y characters into the editing b)144 288 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)
-.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 300 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108
-312 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 324 S .48(thout a numeric ar).4 F .48(gument, the v)
--.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0
--.25(va)2.981 G .481(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 336 Q .245
-(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.245 F .244
-(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .321
+312 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 324 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481
+(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1
+(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48
+(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 336 Q .244
+(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .245(If a numeric ar)5.244 F .245
+(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if)-.18 F .322
(the characters at the be)144 348 R .321
(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1
-(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.822(,t)C .322(he v)-2.822 F .322(alue is)
--.25 F .832(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 360 R F1
-(comment\255begin)3.332 E F0 .831(are deleted from the be)3.332 F .831
-(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.468
+(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is)
+-.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 360 R F1
+(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832
+(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469
(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 372 R 1.468
-(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.469(The def)6.469 F 1.469(ault v)-.1 F
-1.469(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.969 E(ment\255begin)144 384 Q F0 .84
-(causes this command to mak)3.34 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
-(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .839(If a numeric ar)5.839 F
+(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F
+1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 384 Q F0 .839
+(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
+(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F
(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 396 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 408 Q
-(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .791(The w)144 420 R .791
-(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .792
+(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 420 R .791
+(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791
(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 432
R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214lenames for possib\
le completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 444 Q(ord \(C\255x *\))
--.1 E F0 .176(The w)144 456 R .176
+-.1 E F0 .175(The w)144 456 R .176
(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .176
(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le-)-.15 F .516
(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 468 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
.872(the line is redra)144 516 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
-(ex)144 528 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 540 Q F0 .627
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 552 R .927 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
-.626(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .626(If a numeric ar)
-5.626 F(gu-)-.18 E
+(ex)144 528 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 540 Q F0 .626
+(Print all of the functions and their k)144 552 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
+.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar)
+5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E
(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 564 Q
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 576 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
-1.799(Print all of the settable readline v)144 588 R 1.799
-(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.8(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F 1.8(If a)6.8 F .305(numeric ar)144 600 R .304
+1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 588 R 1.799
+(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.)
+-.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 600 R .304
(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 612 Q(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 624 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .592
-(Print all of the readline k)144 636 R .892 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
-(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.093(yo)-.15 G
-3.093(utput. If)-3.093 F 3.093(an)3.093 G(umeric)-3.093 E(ar)144 648 Q
+(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 624 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593
+(Print all of the readline k)144 636 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
+(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G
+3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 648 Q
.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.027 E(c)-.37 E F0
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0
(\214le.)144 660 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 672 Q
(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 684 Q
(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 700.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .146(When w)108
+F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 700.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108
712.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
-F2(compspec)108 724.8 Q F0 3.829(\)h)C 1.329
-(as been de\214ned using the)-3.829 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
+F2(compspec)108 724.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329
+(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829
-F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.328(w\), the)
--.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(51)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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(programmable completion f)108 84 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
--.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .497(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108
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112.8 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
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-124.8 R .823(for the w)108 136.8 R 3.323(ord. If)-.1 F .823
-(the command w)3.323 F .822(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the \
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no compspec is found for the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214n\
-d a compspec for the portion)2.866 F(follo)108 160.8 Q .299
+d a compspec for the portion)2.867 F(follo)108 160.8 Q .298
(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298
-(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.299 F 2.798(yc)-.15
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-(using brace e)108 324 R .092(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
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-108 472.8 Q(An)108 489.6 Q 2.937(yf)-.15 G .437
-(unction speci\214ed with)-2.93
7 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F
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-(compgen)2.957 E F0 -.2(bu)2.957 G .457(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756
--.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .456
+(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 501.6 Q F1
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+-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457
(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108
513.6 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25
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-R .359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standar\
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(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 571.2 R
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-E F0 .377(option is applied to the)2.877 F 3.182(list. The)108 583.2 R
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-(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .681
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(may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 3.023(db).15 G(efore)-3.023 E .85(attempting a match.)108 607.2 R
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(shell option is enabled, the match is performed without re)2.5 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 E(Finally)108
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+ode as the list of possible completions.)108 660 Q .247(If the pre)108
676.8 R .247(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)
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-(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 261.6 R .666
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-E -.15(Fo)108 302.4 S 2.636(ri).15 G .137
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(On startup, the history is initialized from the \214le named by the v)
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508.8 R .315(alue of)-.25 F F5(HISTFILE)2.815 E F0 .315
(is truncated, if necessary)2.565 F 2.815(,t)-.65 G 2.815(oc)-2.815 G
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-(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 520.8 R .658(alue of)-.25 F F5
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+(lines speci\214ed by the v)108 520.8 R .659(alue of)-.25 F F5
(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F6(.)A F0(If)5.158 E F1(HISTFILESIZE)3.158 E F0
-.659(is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric)3.158 F -.25(va)108 532.8 S
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.142(lue, or a numeric v).25 F .142
(alue less than zero, the history \214le is not truncated.)-.25 F .142
-(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 544.8 Q 1.604
+(When the history \214le is read, lines)5.142 F(be)108 544.8 Q 1.605
(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F 1.604
-(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .151
-(stamps for the follo)108 556.8 R .151(wing history line.)-.25 F .151
+(wed immediately by a digit are interpreted as time-)-.25 F .15
+(stamps for the follo)108 556.8 R .15(wing history line.)-.25 F .151
(These timestamps are optionally displayed depending on the v)5.151 F
-.15(alue of)-.25 F(the)108 568.8 Q F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.558 E(T)-.855 E F0
--.25(va)3.309 G 3.559(riable. When).25 F 3.559(as)3.559 G 1.059
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-(shell option is enabled \(see the description of)2.658 F F1(shopt)108
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(w\), the lines are appended to the history \214le, otherwise the)-.25 F
-.197(history \214le is o)108 604.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(rwritten. If)
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-(If the)108 616.8 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.083 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834
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+(If the)108 616.8 R F5(HISTTIMEFORMA)3.084 E(T)-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.834
G .584
(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25
-F .584(ed with the his-)-.1 F 1.148(tory comment character)108 628.8 R
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-(ay be preserv)-3.648 F 1.147(ed across shell sessions.)-.15 F 1.147
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(character to distinguish timestamps from other history lines.)108 640.8
-R 1.377(After sa)6.377 F 1.377(ving the history)-.2 F 3.877(,t)-.65 G
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-(HISTIGNORE)108 96 Q F0 -.25(va)2.707 G .457
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(shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05
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-(description of the)108 144 R F2(shopt)2.818 E F0 -.2(bu)2.818 G .318
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(for information on setting and)2.568 F(unsetting shell options.)108 156
Q/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)72 172.8 Q(OR)-.197 E 2.738(YE)-.383 G
-(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611(The shell supports a history e)108
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184.8 R .611(xpansion feature that is similar to the history e)-.15 F
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-F .87(describes what syntax features are a)108 196.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G
-3.371(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871
-(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F
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-(commands, insert the ar)108 249.6 R .21(guments to a pre)-.18 F .209
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(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25
-F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 261.6 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108
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278.4 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line i\
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(rds, and is performed on each line indi).1 F .251
-(vidually without taking quoting on pre)-.25 F .251
-(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.251 E(tak)108 302.4 Q .145
-(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.645(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.645 F .146(\214\
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+(vious lines into account.)-.25 F(It)5.252 E(tak)108 302.4 Q .146
+(es place in tw)-.1 F 2.646(op)-.1 G 2.646(arts. The)-2.646 F .146(\214\
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-(The line selected from the)5.766 F .253(history is the)108 326.4 R/F4
-10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.15(ev)2.753 G(ent).15 E F0 2.753(,a)C .253
+r inclusion into the current one.)108 314.4 R .767
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-(able to manipulate the selected w)108 338.4 R 3.039(ords. The)-.1 F
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--.1 F .538(ashion as when reading)-.1 F .572(input, so that se)108 350.4
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(xpansion)-.15 E .789(character is also treated as quoted if it immedia\
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-3.163(ni).25 G 3.163(fi)-3.163 G 3.162(ti)-3.163 G 3.162(su)-3.162 G
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F0(will also inhibit e)108 439.2 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E(Se)108 456 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G .109(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.609
-E F0 -.2(bu)2.609 G .11(iltin may be used to tailor the beha).2 F .11
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+(ve)-.25 G .11(ral shell options settable with the).15 F F2(shopt)2.61 E
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(histv)3.643 E(erify)-.1 E F0 1.143
(shell option is enabled \(see the description of the)3.643 F F2(shopt)
3.643 E F0 -.2(bu)3.643 G 1.143(iltin belo).2 F 1.143(w\), and)-.25 F F2
--.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.642 E .461(being used, history sub\
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-5.461(.I)-.55 G .461(nstead, the e)-5.461 F .461(xpanded line)-.15 F
-1.516(is reloaded into the)108 492 R F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0
-1.516(editing b)4.016 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.)
--.25 F(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 1.515
-(is being used, and the)4.015 F F2(histr)108 504 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202
+-.18(re)3.643 G(adline).18 E F0(is)3.643 E .461(being used, history sub\
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+(.I)-.55 G .46(nstead, the e)-5.46 F .46(xpanded line)-.15 F 1.515
+(is reloaded into the)108 492 R F2 -.18(re)4.015 G(adline).18 E F0 1.515
+(editing b)4.015 F(uf)-.2 E 1.516(fer for further modi\214cation.)-.25 F
+(If)6.516 E F2 -.18(re)4.016 G(adline).18 E F0 1.516
+(is being used, and the)4.016 F F2(histr)108 504 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 1.202
(shell option is enabled, a f)3.702 F 1.202
(ailed history substitution will be reloaded into the)-.1 F F2 -.18(re)
3.702 G(adline).18 E F0(editing)3.702 E -.2(bu)108 516 S -.25(ff).2 G
-1.161(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.161 E F2<ad70>3.661 E F0 1.161
-(option to the)3.661 F F2(history)3.661 E F0 -.2(bu)3.661 G 1.16
+1.16(er for correction.).25 F(The)6.16 E F2<ad70>3.66 E F0 1.16
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(iltin command may be used to see what a history).2 F -.15(ex)108 528 S
-.055(pansion will do before using it.).15 F(The)5.055 E F2<ad73>2.555 E
-F0 .055(option to the)2.555 F F2(history)2.556 E F0 -.2(bu)2.556 G .056
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(iltin may be used to add commands to the).2 F
(end of the history list without actually e)108 540 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
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(ws control of the v)-.25 F 2.2(arious characters used by the history e)
--.25 F 2.2(xpansion mechanism \(see the)-.15 F 1.146(description of)108
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(shell uses the history comment character to)3.646 F
(mark history timestamps when writing the history \214le.)108 580.8 Q F2
-(Ev)87 597.6 Q(ent Designators)-.1 E F0 .205(An e)108 609.6 R -.15(ve)
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-.25 G .204(nt designator is a reference to a command line entry in the\
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108 621.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nts are relati).15 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 2.5
(ot).15 G(he current position in the history list.)-2.5 E F2(!)108 638.4
-Q F0 1.607(Start a history substitution, e)144 638.4 R 1.607
+Q F0 1.608(Start a history substitution, e)144 638.4 R 1.608
(xcept when follo)-.15 F 1.607(wed by a)-.25 F F2(blank)4.107 E F0 4.107
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A F0 .865(Refer to the most recent command preceding the current positi\
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-(^)5 I F0 .784(Quick substitution.)144 132 R .784(Repeat the pre)5.784 F
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(The entire command line typed so f)144 156 Q(ar)-.1 E(.)-.55 E F1 -.75
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($)3.029 E F0(,)A F1(*)3.029 E F0(,)A F1<ad>3.029 E F0 3.029(,o)C(r)
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F .315(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815
-('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316
-(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 345.6 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)
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357.6 Q F0(Abbre)144 357.6 Q(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
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-(Modi\214ers)87 403.2 Q F0 .184(After the optional w)108 415.2 R .184
-(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G .183
-(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F .183
+(Modi\214ers)87 403.2 Q F0 .183(After the optional w)108 415.2 R .183
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(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 427.2 Q F1(h)108
444 Q F0(Remo)144 444 Q .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
(railing \214lename component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1(t)
(Quote the substituted w)144 516 Q(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5
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-F0(Substitute)144 540 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0 .221
-(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221(in the e)
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3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721(yd)-.15 G
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(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)
-5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616
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E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666
(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166
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-F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 576 R(If)
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-(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774(fn)
--2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E
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(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 588 Q F2(string)2.84
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108 600 Q F0(Repeat the pre)144 600 Q(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g)
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-('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 624 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)
--.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219
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-(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089
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(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 636 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09
-(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 648 Q F0(.)A
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F1(G)108 660 Q F0(Apply the follo)144 660 Q(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5
('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(nt line.).15 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 676.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E
-(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 688.8
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R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\
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.577(to signify the end of the options.)3.077 F(The)5.577 E F1(:)3.077 E
F0(,)A F1(true)3.077 E F0(,)A F1(false)3.077 E F0 3.077(,a)C(nd)-3.077 E
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-(iltins do not accept options).2 F .462(and do not treat)108 712.8 R F1
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<adad>2.961 E F0(specially)2.961 E 5.461(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.461 E F1(exit)
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-(guments be)-.18 F .26(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.76 E F0 .261
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1 F F1<adad>2.761 E F0 5.261(.O)C .261(ther b)
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E 0 Cg EP
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3.654 E F0 1.154(as in)3.654 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.154
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Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(nt this interpretation.).15 E F1(:)108 114 Q F0([)2.5 E
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 126 R
-.451(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F
-(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)
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+(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .451(and performing an)
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138 R(return status is zero.)2.5 E F1(.)110.5 154.8 Q F2(\214lename)
6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108 166.8 Q(ce)
-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02
.608(names in)144 202.8 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189
E F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2
(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)
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-R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832
-(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833
-(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982
+-5.608 F F3 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .833(need not be e)144 214.8
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+(is not in)3.333 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .832
+(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .981
(\214le is found in)144 226.8 R F3 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F4 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18
E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
-(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F3 -.666(PA)144
-238.8 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F
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2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2
-(\214lename)144 250.8 Q F0 1.697(is e)4.197 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.197
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(cuted. Otherwise).15 F 1.697(the positional parameters are unchanged.)
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-(enabled,)144 262.8 Q F1(sour)3.617 E(ce)-.18 E F0 1.117(inherits an)
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3.618(;i)C 3.618(fi)-3.618 G 3.618(ti)-3.618 G 3.618(sn)-3.618 G 1.118
-(ot, an)-3.618 F(y)-.15 E F1(DEB)3.618 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.118
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(restored around the call to)144 274.8 R F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0
2.86(,a)C(nd)-2.86 E F1(sour)2.86 E(ce)-.18 E F0 .36(unsets the)2.86 F
F1(DEB)2.86 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .36(trap while it e)2.86 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.86
(cutes. If).15 F F1<ad54>2.86 E F0(is)2.86 E 1.435
(not set, and the sourced \214le changes the)144 286.8 R F1(DEB)3.935 E
(UG)-.1 E F0 1.435(trap, the ne)3.935 F 3.935(wv)-.25 G 1.435
-(alue is retained when)-4.185 F F1(sour)3.935 E(ce)-.18 E F0 3.763
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(completes. The)144 298.8 R 1.262
-(return status is the status of the last command e)3.763 F 1.262
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(xited within the script \(0 if no)-.15 F(commands are e)144 310.8 Q
-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted\), and f).15 E(alse if)-.1 E F2(\214lename)4.41 E
F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 327.6 Q F0([)2.5
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-(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 339.6 Q F0 2.724(with no ar)5.224 F 2.724
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F2(name)144 351.6 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F
.58(When ar)5.58 F .58
(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name)
-3.08 E F0(whose)144 363.6 Q F2(value)2.508 E F0 .009(is gi)2.508 F -.15
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(ve)-.25 G 2.509(n. A).15 F .009(trailing space in)2.509 F F2(value)
2.509 E F0 .009(causes the ne)2.509 F .009(xt w)-.15 F .009
-(ord to be check)-.1 F .009(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579
+(ord to be check)-.1 F .008(ed for alias substi-)-.1 F .579
(tution when the alias is e)144 375.6 R 3.079(xpanded. F)-.15 F .579
(or each)-.15 F F2(name)3.079 E F0 .579(in the ar)3.079 F .579
-(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .578(is sup-)3.078
-F 1.313(plied, the name and v)144 387.6 R 1.314
+(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)3.079 E F0 .579(is sup-)3.079
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(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314
-(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.314(is gi)3.814 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.814(nf).15 G(or)-3.814 E
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(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 399.6 Q F1(bg)108 416.4 Q F0([)
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-(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.245 F F1(&)3.244 E
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-(is not present, the shell')3.481 F 3.171(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the)
--3.171 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1
-(bg)5.672 E F2(jobspec)4.912 E F0 .672(returns 0 unless run)3.482 F .419
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+(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the)
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+(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418
(when job control is disabled or)144 452.4 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419
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-(ot)-2.918 E(found or w)144 464.4 Q(as started without job control.)-.1
+(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G
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E F1(bind)108 481.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0
2.5(][)C F1(\255lpsvPSVX)-2.5 E F0(])A F1(bind)108 493.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad71>-2.5 E F2
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(function\255name)A F1(bind)108 541.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6d>A F2 -.1(ke)
2.5 G(ymap)-.2 E F0(])A F2 -.1(ke)2.5 G(yseq)-.2 E F0(:)A F2 -.37(re)C
-(adline\255command).37 E F0 .238(Display current)144 553.2 R F1 -.18(re)
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-2.739 F .476(macro, or set a)144 565.2 R F1 -.18(re)2.976 G(adline).18 E
-F0 -.25(va)2.976 G 2.976(riable. Each).25 F .476(non-option ar)2.976 F
-.475(gument is a command as it w)-.18 F .475(ould appear in)-.1 F F2
-(.inputr)144 577.2 Q(c)-.37 E F0 2.983(,b).31 G .484
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-.484(gument; e.g., '"\\C\255x\\C\255r":)-.18 F 2.5
+(adline\255command).37 E F0 .239(Display current)144 553.2 R F1 -.18(re)
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(re\255read\255init\255\214le'. Options,)144 589.2 R(if supplied, ha)2.5
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(d, emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255mo)-.37 F(ve)-.1 E(,)-.1 E
-(vi\255command)180 637.2 Q F0 4.114(,a)C(nd)-4.114 E F2(vi\255insert)
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1.613(lent to).25 F F2(vi\255command)4.113 E F0(\()4.113 E F2(vi\255mo)A
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(List the names of all)180 661.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(adline).18 E F0
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%%Page: 57 57
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(shell\255command)A F0(Cause)180 228 Q F2(shell\255command)4.325 E F0
1.825(to be e)4.325 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.825(cuted whene).15 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G(r).15 E F2 -.1(ke)4.325 G(yseq)-.2 E F0 1.825(is entered.)4.325 F
-(When)6.825 E F2(shell\255com-)4.325 E(mand)180 240 Q F0 1.764(is e)
-4.264 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.765(cuted, the shell sets the).15 F/F3 9
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/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE_LINE)4.265 E F0 -.25(va)4.015 G 1.765
(riable to the contents of the).25 F F1 -.18(re)180 252 S(adline).18 E
-F0 1.353(line b)3.853 F(uf)-.2 E 1.353(fer and the)-.25 F F3
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(READLINE_POINT)3.853 E F0 -.25(va)3.603 G 1.353
-(riable to the current location of the).25 F 2.011(insertion point.)180
-264 R 2.011(If the e)7.011 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011
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+264 R 2.011(If the e)7.012 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.011
(cuted command changes the v).15 F 2.011(alue of)-.25 F F3
-(READLINE_LINE)4.512 E F0(or)4.262 E F3(READLINE_POINT)180 276 Q/F4 9
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(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F1<ad58>144 288
-Q F0 .83(List all k)180 288 R 1.13 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829
+Q F0 .829(List all k)180 288 R 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829
(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for)
.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 300 Q(The return v)
144 316.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5
-E F1(br)108 333.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .054
-(Exit from within a)144 345.6 R F1 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F1
-(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F1(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F1
+E F1(br)108 333.6 Q(eak)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .055
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(select)2.555 E F0 2.555(loop. If)2.555 F F2(n)2.555 E F0 .055
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-E F0(1.)2.555 E(If)144 357.6 Q F2(n)3.075 E F0 .215(is greater than the\
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+(xited. The)-.15 F .215(return v)2.715 F(alue)-.25 E(is 0 unless)144
369.6 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0(is not greater than or equal to 1.)2.5 E F1 -.2
(bu)108 386.4 S(iltin).2 E F2(shell\255b)2.5 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0([)2.5 E
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-(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .792(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2
+F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A(Ex)144 398.4 Q .793
+(ecute the speci\214ed shell b)-.15 F .793(uiltin, passing it)-.2 F F2
(ar)3.293 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.293(,a).27 G .793(nd return its e)-3.293
-F .793(xit status.)-.15 F .793(This is useful)5.793 F .616
+F .792(xit status.)-.15 F .792(This is useful)5.792 F .615
(when de\214ning a function whose name is the same as a shell b)144
-410.4 R .615(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144
+410.4 R .616(uiltin, retaining the functionality of)-.2 F .57(the b)144
422.4 R .57(uiltin within the function.)-.2 F(The)5.57 E F1(cd)3.07 E F0
-.2(bu)3.07 G .57(iltin is commonly rede\214ned this w).2 F(ay)-.1 E
5.57(.T)-.65 G .57(he return status)-5.57 F(is f)144 434.4 Q(alse if)-.1
E F2(shell\255b)2.84 E(uiltin)-.2 E F0(is not a shell b)2.74 E
(uiltin command.)-.2 E F1(caller)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)C(pr)
-.2 E F0(])A .254(Returns the conte)144 463.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F
+.2 E F0(])A .253(Returns the conte)144 463.2 R .254(xt of an)-.15 F
2.754(ya)-.15 G(cti)-2.754 E .554 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .254
(ubroutine call \(a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.254(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)2.753 E F0(or)2.753 E F1(sour)144 475.2 Q
-(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.824 G 2.824(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2
-(ex)2.824 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.824 E F0 .324
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+(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G 2.825(iltins\). W).2 F(ithout)-.4 E F2 -.2
+(ex)2.825 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.825 E F0 .324
(displays the line number and source \214lename of the current)2.824 F
-.254(subroutine call.)144 487.2 R .254(If a non-ne)5.254 F -.05(ga)-.15
-G(ti).05 E .554 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(nte).15 E .253(ger is supplied as)-.15
-F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .253
-(displays the line number)2.753 F 2.753(,s)-.4 G(ub-)-2.753 E 1.327(rou\
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+F F2 -.2(ex)2.753 G(pr).2 E F0(,)A F1(caller)2.753 E F0 .254
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tine name, and source \214le corresponding to that position in the curr\
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-(This e)144 511.2 R .001(xtra information may be used, for e)-.15 F .001
-(xample, to print a stack trace.)-.15 F(The current frame is frame)5 E
-3.019(0. The)144 523.2 R .519(return v)3.019 F .519
-(alue is 0 unless the shell is not e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .52
-(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.02 G(pr).2 E F0 .52
-(does not corre-)3.02 F(spond to a v)144 535.2 Q
+ent e)144 499.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.327(cution call stack.).15 F(This e)
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+(cuting a subroutine call or).15 F F2 -.2(ex)3.019 G(pr).2 E F0 .519
+(does not corre-)3.019 F(spond to a v)144 535.2 Q
(alid position in the call stack.)-.25 E F1(cd)108 552 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad4c>A F0(|[)A F1<ad50>A F0([)2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0(]] [\255@]] [)A F2
-(dir)A F0(])A .322(Change the current directory to)144 564 R F2(dir)
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+(dir)A F0(])A .321(Change the current directory to)144 564 R F2(dir)
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124.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255pVv)A F0(])A/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)
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49 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
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5 F F2<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
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-(command)144.2 220.8 Q F0 1.598(cannot be found, the e)4.868 F 1.599
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(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
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-(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 578.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
+(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 614.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
(guments to the)-.18 F F2<ad47>3.055 E F0(,)A F2<ad57>3.055 E F0 3.055
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590.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E
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626.4 R 3.222(,t)-.65 G(he)-3.222 E F2<ad50>3.222 E F0(and)3.222 E
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-(yond the simple)-.15 F(generation of completions.)184 638.4 Q F3
-(comp-option)5 E F0(may be one of:)2.5 E F2(bashdefault)184 650.4 Q F0
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-
288 Q F0(Alias names.)224 288 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>
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60 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad63>2.5
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24 S(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5
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(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
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-F1(echo)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255neE)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)
--.37 E F0(...])2.5 E .425(Output the)144 201.6 R F2(ar)2.925 E(g)-.37 E
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-(error occurs.)144 213.6 R(If)5.307 E F1<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307
-(is speci\214ed, the trailing ne)2.807 F .308(wline is suppressed.)-.25
-F .308(If the)5.308 F F1<ad65>2.808 E F0 .308(option is gi)2.808 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G .308(n, inter).15 F(-)-.2 E 1.349(pretation of the follo)144
-225.6 R 1.348(wing backslash-escaped characters is enabled.)-.25 F(The)
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-(interpretation of these escape characters, e)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.555(no).15 G 3.555(ns)-3.555 G 1.055(ystems where the)-3.555 F 3.555
-(ya)-.15 G 1.055(re interpreted by def)-3.555 F(ault.)-.1 E(The)144
-249.6 Q F1(xpg_echo)3.459 E F0 .959
-(shell option may be used to dynamically determine whether or not)3.459
-F F1(echo)3.458 E F0 -.15(ex)3.458 G(pands).15 E .715
-(these escape characters by def)144 261.6 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.715 E
-F0 .716(does not interpret)3.215 F F1<adad>3.216 E F0 .716
-(to mean the end of options.)3.216 F F1(echo)5.716 E F0
-(interprets the follo)144 273.6 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)
-144 285.6 Q F0(alert \(bell\))180 285.6 Q F1(\\b)144 297.6 Q F0
-(backspace)180 297.6 Q F1(\\c)144 309.6 Q F0(suppress further output)180
-309.6 Q F1(\\e)144 321.6 Q(\\E)144 333.6 Q F0(an escape character)180
-333.6 Q F1(\\f)144 345.6 Q F0(form feed)180 345.6 Q F1(\\n)144 357.6 Q
-F0(ne)180 357.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 369.6 Q F0
-(carriage return)180 369.6 Q F1(\\t)144 381.6 Q F0(horizontal tab)180
-381.6 Q F1(\\v)144 393.6 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 393.6 S(rtical tab).15 E F1
-(\\\\)144 405.6 Q F0(backslash)180 405.6 Q F1(\\0)144 417.6 Q F2(nnn)A
-F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 417.6 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25
+(wline. The)-.25 F .424(return status is 0 unless a write)2.924 F .308
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+(these escape characters by def)144 302.4 R(ault.)-.1 E F1(echo)5.716 E
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+(interprets the follo)144 314.4 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E F1(\\a)
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+(backspace)180 338.4 Q F1(\\c)144 350.4 Q F0(suppress further output)180
+350.4 Q F1(\\e)144 362.4 Q(\\E)144 374.4 Q F0(an escape character)180
+374.4 Q F1(\\f)144 386.4 Q F0(form feed)180 386.4 Q F1(\\n)144 398.4 Q
+F0(ne)180 398.4 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 410.4 Q F0
+(carriage return)180 410.4 Q F1(\\t)144 422.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)180
+422.4 Q F1(\\v)144 434.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)180 434.4 S(rtical tab).15 E F1
+(\\\\)144 446.4 Q F0(backslash)180 446.4 Q F1(\\0)144 458.4 Q F2(nnn)A
+F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 458.4 Q(alue is the octal v)-.25
E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1
-(\\x)144 429.6 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 429.6 Q
+(\\x)144 470.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)180 470.4 Q
(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0
(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1
-(\\u)144 441.6 Q F2(HHHH)A F0 1.507
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 453.6 R 1.506
-(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.506(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)
-4.006 E F0(\(one to four he)180 465.6 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
-(\\U)144 477.6 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .547
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 489.6 R .547
-(alue is the he)-.25 F .548(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)
-3.048 E(HHH)180 501.6 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G
-(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 5
18.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C
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+(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 494.4 R 1.507
+(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)
+4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 506.4 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
+(\\U)144 518.4 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548
+(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 530.4 R .547
+(alue is the he)-.25 F .547(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHHH-)
+3.047 E(HHH)180 542.4 Q F0(\(one to eight he)2.5 E 2.5(xd)-.15 G
+(igits\))-2.5 E F1(enable)108 5
59.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad61>A F0 2.5(][)C
F1(\255dnps)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad66>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .278(Enable and disable b)144 530.4 R
+(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .277(Enable and disable b)144 571.2 R
.278(uiltin shell commands.)-.2 F .278(Disabling a b)5.278 F .278
-(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .833
-(the same name as a shell b)144 542.4 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
+(uiltin allo)-.2 F .278(ws a disk command which has)-.25 F .834
+(the same name as a shell b)144 583.2 R .834(uiltin to be e)-.2 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .834(cuted without specifying a full pathname, e).15 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 3.334(nt).15 G(hough)-3.334 E .99
-(the shell normally searches for b)144 554.4 R .989
-(uiltins before disk commands.)-.2 F(If)5.989 E F1<ad6e>3.489 E F0 .989
-(is used, each)3.489 F F2(name)3.489 E F0 .989(is dis-)3.489 F 1.581
-(abled; otherwise,)144 566.4 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.)
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+(abled; otherwise,)144 607.2 R F2(names)4.082 E F0 1.582(are enabled.)
4.082 F -.15(Fo)6.582 G 4.082(re).15 G 1.582(xample, to use the)-4.232 F
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-G(TH)-.189 E F0 .081(instead of the shell b)144 578.4 R .081(uiltin v)
--.2 F .081(ersion, run)-.15 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .081(enable -n test)
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-(option means to load the ne)2.58 F(w)-.25 E -.2(bu)144 590.4 S 1.524
-(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.384 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F
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+(iltin command).2 F F2(name)4.385 E F0 1.524(from shared object)4.204 F
F2(\214lename)4.024 E F0 4.024(,o).18 G 4.024(ns)-4.024 G 1.524
-(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 6
02.4 Q F1<ad64>
-2.867 E F0 .367(option will delete a b)2.867 F .367(uiltin pre)-.2 F
-.367(viously loaded with)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.866 E F0 5.366(.I)C 2.866(fn)
--5.366 G(o)-2.866 E F2(name)2.866 E F0(ar)2.866 E .366(guments are gi)
--.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .36
6(n, or).15 F .398(if the)144 614.4 R F1<ad70>
-2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399
+(ystems that support dynamic loading.)-4.024 F(The)144 6
43.2 Q F1<ad64>
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7(n, or).15 F .399(if the)144 655.2 R F1<ad70>
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(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4
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-(If)5.098 E F1<ad61>2.598 E F0 1.916
-(is supplied, the list printed includes all b)144 638.4 R 1.916
-(uiltins, with an indication of whether or not each is)-.2 F 2.879
-(enabled. If)144 650.4 R F1<ad73>2.879 E F0 .379
-(is supplied, the output is restricted to the POSIX)2.879 F F2(special)
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-(alue)-.25 E .994(is 0 unless a)144 662.4 R F2(name)3.854 E F0 .994
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--.2 F 3.495(wb)-.25 G .995(uiltin from a shared)-3.695 F(object.)144
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-E F0(...])2.5 E(The)144 703.2 Q F2(ar)3.171 E(g)-.37 E F0 3.171(sa)C
-.671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F
-.67(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 715.2 R -.15(xe)-.15
-G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495
-(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
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-(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(62)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(exec)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(command)-2.5 E F0([)2.5 E
-F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(]])A(If)144 96 Q F2(command)3.006 E F0 .306
-(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.576 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
-(wp)-.25 G .305(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.305 E F2(ar)3.135 E
-(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.075 E .176(the ar)144 108 R .176(guments to)
--.18 F F2(command)2.676 E F0 5.176(.I)C 2.676(ft)-5.176 G(he)-2.676 E F1
-<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
-(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .177
-(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 120 R .5(gument passed to)-.18 F
-F2(command)3 E F0 5.499(.T).77 G .499(his is what)-5.499 F F2(lo)2.999 E
-(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.499 E F1<ad63>2.999 E F0 .499
-(option causes)2.999 F F2(com-)3.199 E(mand)144 132 Q F0 .638(to be e)
-3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
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+(sa)C .671(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)
+-3.17 F .671(This command is then read)5.671 F .495(and e)144 108 R -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495
+(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
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+-2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 120 Q
+(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1
+(exec)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
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+(is speci\214ed, it replaces the shell.)3.575 F .305(No ne)5.305 F 2.805
+(wp)-.25 G .306(rocess is created.)-2.805 F(The)5.306 E F2(ar)3.136 E
+(guments)-.37 E F0(become)3.076 E .177(the ar)144 160.8 R .177
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+(he)-2.676 E F1<ad6c>2.676 E F0 .176
+(option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the be)2.676 F .176
+(ginning of)-.15 F .499(the zeroth ar)144 172.8 R .499(gument passed to)
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+(lo)2.999 E(gin)-.1 E F0 .499(\(1\) does.).24 F(The)5.5 E F1<ad63>3 E F0
+.5(option causes)3 F F2(com-)3.2 E(mand)144 184.8 Q F0 .639(to be e)
+3.909 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
-(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.499 E F0 .639(as the)
-3.319 F 1.078(zeroth ar)144 144 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0 1.077
-(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a).15 F
-(non-interacti)144 156 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F .576
-(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.076 E F0 .577
-(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577
-F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 168 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)-.25
-H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82
-(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 180 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0 -.1
-(fa)2.787 G 2.787(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.987 E F0 .287
-(is not speci\214ed, an)3.557 F 2.788(yr)-.15 G .288(edirections tak)
--2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,)
-.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 192 Q
+(is supplied, the shell passes)3.138 F F2(name)3.498 E F0 .638(as the)
+3.318 F 1.077(zeroth ar)144 196.8 R 1.077(gument to the e)-.18 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0
+1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a)
+.15 F(non-interacti)144 208.8 Q .877 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .577(hell e).15 F
+.577(xits, unless the)-.15 F F1(execfail)3.077 E F0 .577
+(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .576(In that case, it returns f)5.577
+F(ail-)-.1 E 3.32(ure. An)144 220.8 R(interacti)3.32 E 1.12 -.15(ve s)
+-.25 H .82(hell returns f).15 F .82(ailure if the \214le cannot be e)-.1
+F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82
+(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .288(tionally if)144 232.8 R F1(exec)2.788 E F0
+-.1(fa)2.788 G 2.788(ils. If).1 F F2(command)2.988 E F0 .288
+(is not speci\214ed, an)3.558 F 2.787(yr)-.15 G .287(edirections tak)
+-2.787 F 2.787(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.787 G .287(ect in the current shell,)
+.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 244.8 Q
(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G
-(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 208.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 208.8 R .096(xit with a status of)
--.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095
-(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)
--.15 F -.15(exe)144 220.8 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9
+(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 261.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .095(Cause the shell to e)144 261.6 R .095(xit with a status of)
+-.15 F F2(n)2.595 E F0 5.095(.I)C(f)-5.095 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .096
+(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .096(xit status is that of the last command)
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-(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5
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E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E
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-(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 273.6 R(the)2.627 E F1
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(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be)
-144 398.4 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15
-F 2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05
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-(fset from the current command number\).)-.25 F(If)5.19 E F2(last)2.779
-E F0 .189(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the cur)3.369 F(-)-.2 E .948
-(rent command for listing \(so that)144 422.4 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .948
+144 451.2 Q .311(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)
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+(rent command for listing \(so that)144 475.2 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .948
(fc \255l \25510)3.448 F F0 .948(prints the last 10 commands\) and to)
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-144 434.4 R F2<8c72>4.41 E(st)-.1 E F0
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(is not speci\214ed, it is set to the pre)3.18 E
-(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 458.4
+(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 511.2
Q F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
F1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
-(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 470.4 R .438(If the)
+(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 523.2 R .438(If the)
5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
-.335(the editor gi)144 482.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E
-F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is in)3.015 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.835
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(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835
-F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 494.4 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E
-F0 -.25(va)2.88 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)-.25
-F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.131 E F0 .631
-(is not set.)2.881 F .631(If nei-)5.631 F .951(ther v)144 506.4 R .951
-(ariable is set,)-.25 F F2(vi)5.117 E F0 .951(is used.)5.117 F .95
-(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F
--.15(exe)144 518.4 S(cuted.).15 E .788(In the second form,)144 542.4 R
+F(If)5.335 E F2(ename)3.025 E F0 .335(is not gi)3.015 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
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+E F0 -.25(va)2.881 G .631(riable is used, and the v).25 F .631(alue of)
+-.25 F F3(EDIT)3.131 E(OR)-.162 E F0(if)2.881 E F3(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 .63
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+-.15(exe)144 571.2 S(cuted.).15 E .789(In the second form,)144 595.2 R
F2(command)3.288 E F0 .788(is re-e)3.288 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)3.288 E F0 .788
-(is replaced by)3.288 F F2 -.37(re)3.289 G(p).37 E F0(.)A F2(Com-)5.789
-E(mand)144 554.4 Q F0 .172(is interpreted the same as)2.672 F F2<8c72>
-2.672 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.672 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.172(.A).15 G .171
-(useful alias to use with this is)-2.5 F F4 .171(r='fc \255s')2.671 F F0
-2.671(,s)C 2.671(ot)-2.671 G(hat)-2.671 E(typing)144 566.4 Q F4 7.165
-(rc)3.665 G(c)-7.165 E F0 1.165(runs the last command be)3.665 F 1.166
-(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.166(and typing)3.666 F F4(r)
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-(mand.)144 578.4 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144
-602.4 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
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+E(mand)144 607.2 Q F0 .171(is interpreted the same as)2.671 F F2<8c72>
+2.671 E(st)-.1 E F0(abo)2.671 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.171(.A).15 G .172
+(useful alias to use with this is)-2.499 F F4 .172(r='fc \255s')2.672 F
+F0 2.672(,s)C 2.672(ot)-2.672 G(hat)-2.672 E(typing)144 619.2 Q F4 7.166
+(rc)3.666 G(c)-7.166 E F0 1.166(runs the last command be)3.666 F 1.166
+(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)3.666 E F0 1.165(and typing)3.666 F F4(r)
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+(mand.)144 631.2 Q .142(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144
+655.2 R .142(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322
-E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 614.4
+E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 667.2
R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
-(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455
-(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 626.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
-(cuted or f).15 F .787
+(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454
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(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
-.787(If the)5.787 F 1.135
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(second form is used, the return status is that of the command re-e)144
-638.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.136(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.836 E F0 1.136
-(does not)4.406 F(specify a v)144 650.4 Q
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-(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413
-(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0
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-(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
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-(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2
-(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15
-(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 108 R .149
-(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .149(xpected to ha)-.15 F .449
--.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 120 Q .578
-(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579
+SF(fg)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)A F0(])A
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+(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 120 Q .362
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+E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(speci\214es a job that w)2.81 E
+(as started without job control.)-.1 E F1(getopts)108 148.8 Q F2
+(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144
+160.8 Q F0 .793
+(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2
+(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .149
+(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 172.8 R .15
+(wed by a colon, the option is e)-.25 F .15(xpected to ha)-.15 F .45
+-.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 184.8 Q .579
+(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578
(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665
-(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 132 R 1.665
+(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 196.8 R 1.665
(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts)
-4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .796
-(option in the shell v)144 144 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0 3.296
-(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797(if it does not e)
-3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G 3.297(ft)-3.297 G
-.797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 156 Q .085
+4.165 E F0 1.665(places the ne)4.165 F(xt)-.15 E .797
+(option in the shell v)144 208.8 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.297 E F0
+3.297(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.297 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797
+(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G
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(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9
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-4.585 E F0 .085(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845
-(or a shell script is in)144 168 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345
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+(or a shell script is in)144 232.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345
(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1
-(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804
-(into the v)144 180 R(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F4(.)A F0
-.803(The shell does not reset)5.304 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .803
-(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293
-(reset between multiple calls to)144 192 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293
+(getopts)3.345 E F0 .845(places that ar)3.345 F(gument)-.18 E .803
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+F0 .803(The shell does not reset)5.303 F F3(OPTIND)3.303 E F0 .804
+(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294
+(reset between multiple calls to)144 256.8 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293
(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F
-2.793(ws)-.25 G .294(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 204 Q
-2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 228 R F1(getopts)4.543
-E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043
-(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 240 Q F0
+2.793(ws)-.25 G .293(et of parameters)-2.793 F(is to be used.)144 268.8
+Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 292.8 R F1(getopts)
+4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.044
+(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 304.8 Q F0
(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
-(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 264 Q F0 2.392
-(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392
-(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893
-(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144
-276 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 300 Q F0 1.166
-(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F
-1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165
-(is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.07
-(reporting is used.)144 312 R 1.071
-(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.071(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144 324
-R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F(ariable)
+(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 328.8 Q F0 2.393
+(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392
+(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.392(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.892
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-(Each time)144 496.8 R F1(hash)3.358 E F0 .858(is in)3.358 F -.2(vo)-.4
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-(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2
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568.8 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0
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633.6 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0
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<ad6c>3.295 E F0 .795(option causes)3.295 F .934
(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144
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(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
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-/Times-Bold@0 SF(HISTTIMEFOR-)2.88 E(MA)144 192 Q(T)-.855 E F0 .264
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3.519(oi)-6.019 G(nterv)-3.519 E 1.019
(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176
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2.676 E F0 .176
(is supplied, it is used as the name of the history \214le; if)2.676 F
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-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 240 Q F0
-(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 240 Q F1<ad64>
-144 252 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39
-(Delete the history entry at position)180 264 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18
-E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)2.889
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-(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 288 Q 2.5(,a)
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+(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 297.6 Q F1
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+(Delete the history entry at position)180 321.6 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)
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-<ad64>144 300 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .758
-(Delete the history entries between positions)180 312 R F2(start)3.258 E
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--.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 324 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(alues for)-.1 E
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-144 336 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 336 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064('h)
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-(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 348 Q
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(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E
-(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 360 Q
-F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214le\
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-.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E
-(sion.)180 384 Q F1<ad72>144 396 Q F0(Read the contents of the history \
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-144 408 Q F0(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180
-408 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G
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-(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 420 R(wing)-.25 E F2(ar)
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+(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 429.6 R
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+<ad77>144 465.6 Q F0
+(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 465.6 Q
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+(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 477.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2
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(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar)
2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
-(normal history e)180 444 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 456 Q F0 .363
-(Store the)180 456 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
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--.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
-(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 484.8 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)
+(normal history e)180 501.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 513.6 Q F0
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+(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 525.6 Q -.15
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(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
-.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 496.8 R .669
-(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668
-(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 508.8 R .956
-(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956
-(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796
-(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 520.8 R 1.795
+.25 F .668(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 554.4 R .669
+(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669
+(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 566.4 R .956
+(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955
+(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.795
+(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 578.4 R 1.795
(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F
-1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 532.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \
+1.796(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 590.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \
option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\
-tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 544.8 Q(fset)
--.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1
+tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 602.4 Q(fset)
+-.18 E F0 1.031(is supplied as an ar)3.531 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1
<ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531
-F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1
-<ad70>3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 556.8 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 573.6 Q F0([)
+F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.032(gument to)-.18 F F1
+<ad70>3.532 E F0 -.1(fa)144 614.4 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 631.2 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1
-(jobs \255x)108 585.6 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37
-E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 597.6 Q .3 -.15
+(jobs \255x)108 643.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37
+E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 655.2 Q .3 -.15
(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 609.6 Q F0
-(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 609.6 Q F1
-<ad6e>144 621.6 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha)
-180 621.6 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15
-F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 633.6 Q F1<ad70>
-144 645.6 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 645.6 Q 2.5(sp)
--.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 657.6 Q F0
-(Display only running jobs.)180 657.6 Q F1<ad73>144 669.6 Q F0
-(Display only stopped jobs.)180 669.6 Q(If)144 686.4 Q F2(jobspec)4.554
-E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
-(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T)
--.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 698.4 Q -.25
-(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
-E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 715.2 R F1
-<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)2.894 E F0
-.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)
-3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395
-(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 727.2 Q
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F2(ar)
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+F .193(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 691.2 Q F1<ad70>
+144 703.2 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 703.2 Q 2.5(sp)
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+(Display only running jobs.)180 715.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
+(2018 June 8)150.675 E(65)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 66 66
%%BeginPageSetup
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
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-SF(kill)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(sigspec)
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-(sigspec)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 96 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2
-(sigspec)A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12
-(Send the signal named by)144 108 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2
-(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E
-F0(or)3.389 E F2(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)
-2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 120 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
-.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0
-.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319
-(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 132 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0
-1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
+SF<ad73>144 84 Q F0(Display only stopped jobs.)180 84 Q(If)144 100.8 Q
+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.553 E F0 .313(is gi)3.123 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G .313(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F
+5.314(.T)-.4 G .314(he return status is 0 unless)-5.314 F(an in)144
+112.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)
+-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .395(If the)144
+129.6 R F1<ad78>2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)
+2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394
+(found in)3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37
+E F0 .394(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144
+141.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E
+F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)
+-.15 E F1(kill)108 158.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)
+2.5 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A
+F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)
+-2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 170.4 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)
+A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .119
+(Send the signal named by)144 182.4 R F2(sigspec)2.959 E F0(or)2.929 E
+F2(signum)2.959 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.87
+E F0(or)3.39 E F2(jobspec)2.62 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.46 E F0(is)2.93
+E .319(either a case-insensiti)144 194.4 R .619 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .319
+(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.819 E F0 .318
+(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.818 E F0 .318
+(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.568 F(number;)144 206.4 Q F2(signum)4.188 E F0
+1.349(is a signal number)4.168 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0
-1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 144 Q .522(gument of)-.18 F
-F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523
-F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when).18 F
-F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names)
-.15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 156 R .28
-(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2
--.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 168 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1
-<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378
-(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 180 R
-(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)-.25
-G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962
+1.349(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.349 E(ar)144 218.4 Q .523(gument of)-.18
+F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)
+5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when)
+.18 F F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523
+(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 230.4
+R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E
+F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 242.4 Q .378(gument to)-.18 F
+F1<ad6c>2.878 E F0 .378
+(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.878 F .377
+(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .962(nated by a signal.)144 254.4
+R(The)5.962 E F1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)
+
-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962
(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E
-(successfully sent, or f)144 192 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)-.1
-E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 208.8 Q F2
-(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144
-220.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197
-(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197
-(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)
-2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 232.8 Q F2(ar)
+(successfully sent, or f)144 266.4 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)
+-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 283.2 Q
+F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144
+295.2 Q F2(ar)3.027 E(g)-.37 E F0 .197(is an arithmetic e)2.917 F .197
+(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .196(luated \(see).25 F F3 .196
+(ARITHMETIC EV)2.696 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)
+2.446 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.696(\). If).15 F(the last)144 307.2 Q F2(ar)
2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0
-(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5
-E F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 261.6 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F
+(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 324 Q F0([)2.5 E
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+(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 336 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F
.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0
.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)
--5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 273.6 Q 3.152(yo)
--.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)
-3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653
+-5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 348 Q 3.153(yo)-.15
+G 3.153(ft)-3.153 G .653(he options accepted by)-3.153 F F1(declar)3.153
+E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .652
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
-285.6 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
-.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F
-(If)5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461
-(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 297.6 R F1
-(local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462
-(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 309.6 R F1(set)4.063
-E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563
-(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562
-(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 321.6 R 1.243
-(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243
-(writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244
-(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42
-(error to use)144 333.6 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42
+360 Q F2(name)3.281 E F0 .421(to ha)3.101 F .721 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422
+(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F(If)
+5.422 E F2(name)2.922 E F0 .422(is \255, the set)2.922 F 1.461
+(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 372 R F1
+(local)3.961 E F0 1.461(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.461
+(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.562(using the)144 384 R F1(set)4.062 E
+F0 -.2(bu)4.062 G 1.563
+(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.563
+(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.744(returns. W)144 396 R 1.244
+(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.744 E F0 1.244
+(writes a list of local v)3.744 F 1.243
+(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.243(It is an)6.243 F .42
+(error to use)144 408 R F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42
(when not within a function.)2.92 F .42(The return status is 0 unless)
5.42 F F1(local)2.92 E F0 .42(is used outside a)2.92 F(function, an in)
-144 345.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)
-2.68 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)
-108 362.4 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 362.4 Q F1(map\214le)108 379.2 Q
-
F0([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)
+144 420 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is supplied, or)2.68
+E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(logout)108
+436.8 Q F0(Exit a login shell.)144 436.8 Q F1(map\214le)108 453.6 Q F0
+([)2.5 E F1<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)
2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>
-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>
-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E
F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E
-(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 391.2 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F1 -.18(re)108 465.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
<ad64>A F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(count)2.5 E F0 2.5
(][)C F1<ad4f>-2.5 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad73>-2.5 E F2
(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad74>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2
(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad43>-2.5 E F2(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)
C F1<ad63>-2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
-(])A .179(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 403.2 R
+(])A .18(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 477.6 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G 2.679(da).15 G .179(rray v)-2.679 F(ariable)-.25 E F2
-(arr)2.68 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.68(,o).32 G 2.68(rf)-2.68 G .18
-(rom \214le descriptor)-2.68 F F2(fd)4.65 E F0 1.249(if the)144 415.2 R
-F1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249 F
-(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1
-E F2(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C 1.248(ptions, if supplied,)
--6.248 F(ha)144 427.2 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 439.2 Q F0 .91
-(The \214rst character of)180 439.2 R F2(delim)3.41 E F0 .911
-(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.41 F 3.411
-(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 451.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1
+(arr)2.679 E(ay)-.15 E F0 2.679(,o).32 G 2.679(rf)-2.679 G .179
+(rom \214le descriptor)-2.679 F F2(fd)4.649 E F0 1.248(if the)144 489.6
+R F1<ad75>3.748 E F0 1.248(option is supplied.)3.748 F 1.249(The v)6.249
+F(ariable)-.25 E F3(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1
+E F2(arr)3.749 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.249(.O)C 1.249(ptions, if supplied,)
+-6.249 F(ha)144 501.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad64>144 513.6 Q F0 .911
+(The \214rst character of)180 513.6 R F2(delim)3.411 E F0 .911
+(is used to terminate each input line, rather than ne)3.411 F 3.41
+(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 525.6 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1
(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will terminate a line when it reads a NUL character)
-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 463.2 Q F0(Cop)180 463.2 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5
+2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad6e>144 537.6 Q F0(Cop)180 537.6 Q 2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5
(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F2(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)3.18 F F2(count)
-2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 475.2 Q F0(Be)180
-475.2 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82
+2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144 549.6 Q F0(Be)180
+549.6 Q(gin assigning to)-.15 E F2(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0(at inde)2.82
E(x)-.15 E F2(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5
-(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F1<ad73>144 487.2 Q F0
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-(wline\) from each line read.)-.25 E F1<ad75>144 511.2 Q F0
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-Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)180 535.2 Q
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-(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
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.467(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2
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-(luated, it is sup-).25 F .261(plied the inde)144 564 R 2.761(xo)-.15 G
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-SF(+)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(Remo)180 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15
-G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0 .14
-(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F F1
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-(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.259(wn by)-.25 F
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-E F0 .416(returns f)144 148.8 R .416(alse if an in)-.1 F -.25(va)-.4 G
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-(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 160.8 Q
-(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 177.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0
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+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)
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s a character string which contains three types of objects: plain chara\
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-(xtensions:)-.15 E F1(%b)144 297.6 Q F0(causes)180 297.6 Q F1(printf)
-2.595 E F0 .096(to e)2.595 F .096
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(xpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding)-.15 F F2(ar)
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F1(printf)2.51 E F0 .01(to output the corresponding)2.51 F F2(ar)2.51 E
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(strftime)2.881 E F0 2.881(\(3\). The)B(corresponding)2.881 E F2(ar)
2.881 E(gument)-.37 E F0 .381(is an inte)2.881 F .381
-(ger representing the number)-.15 F .292(of seconds since the epoch.)180
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-(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 393.6 R
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+(current time, and \2552 represents the time the shell w)180 465.6 R
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(ve)-.4 G .21(rsion beha).15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.71(sa).15 G 2.71(si)-2.71
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G 2.71(n. This).15 F .21(is an e)2.71 F .21(xception to the usual)-.15 F
-F1(printf)2.71 E F0(beha)180 417.6 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E(Ar)144 434.4 Q
-.464(guments to non-string format speci\214ers are treated as C constan\
-ts, e)-.18 F .463(xcept that a leading plus or)-.15 F 1.258
-(minus sign is allo)144 446.4 R 1.259
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+(minus sign is allo)144 518.4 R 1.259
(wed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote, the v)
--.25 F 1.259(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 458.4 Q(alue of the follo)
--.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 475.2 Q F2(format)3.424 E
-F0 .923(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423
+-.25 F 1.258(alue is the)-.25 F(ASCII v)144 530.4 Q(alue of the follo)
+-.25 E(wing character)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(The)144 547.2 Q F2(format)3.423 E
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E(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format)
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-F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033
+3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 559.2 Q(guments)-.37 E
+F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033
(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si)
-.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,)
--.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 499.2 Q(The return v)5 E
+.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,)
+-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 571.2 Q(The return v)5 E
(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd)
-108 5
16 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
-<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108
528 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the direc\
-tory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 540 R 3.139(wt)-.25
-G .639(op of the)-3.139 F .416(stack the current w)144 552 R .416
+108 5
88 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
+<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A F1(pushd)108
600 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5
+(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of the dire\
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(orking directory)-.1 F 5.416(.W)-.65 G .416(ith no ar)-5.816 F
(guments,)-.18 E F1(pushd)2.916 E F0 -.15(ex)2.916 G .416
-(changes the top tw).15 F 2.917(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.917 E 1.625
-(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 564 R 6.625(.A)
+(changes the top tw).15 F 2.916(od)-.1 G(irectories)-2.916 E 1.625
+(and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 636 R 6.625(.A)
-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.625 G 1.625(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.925 -.15
-(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 576 Q F1
-<ad6e>144 588 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\
- rotating or adding directories to the)180 588 R
-(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 600 Q F1(+)144 612 Q
-F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)180 612 R F2(n)3.768 E F0
-1.267(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267
-(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 624 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
-(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 636 Q F2(n)A F0 .92
-(Rotates the stack so that the)180 636 R F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
+(ve t)-.2 H 1.625(he follo).15 F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 648 Q F1
+<ad6e>144 660 Q F0 1.811(Suppresses the normal change of directory when\
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+(stack, so that only the stack is manipulated.)180 672 Q F1(+)144 684 Q
+F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)180 684 R F2(n)3.767 E F0
+1.268(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268
+(wn by)-.25 F F1(dirs)180 696 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
+(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 708 Q F2(n)A F0 .92
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+(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .561
+(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 722.4 R F1(timeout)3.061 E
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-SF<ad75>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 84 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476
-(If no)144 100.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476
-(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
-F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 112.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad)
-.18 E F0 .772
-(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F
--.25(va)144 124.8 S 2.004
-(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005
-(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F
-(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 136.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 153.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E
+(with a fractional portion follo)180 84 Q(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E
+(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E/F1
+10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is reading input from\
+ a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 96 R .505
+(fect when reading)-.25 F .589(from re)180 108 R .589(gular \214les.)
+-.15 F(If)5.589 E F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0 .589(times out,)3.089 F
+F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.089(sa).15 G
+.889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .59(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F
+-.25(va)180 120 S(riable).25 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.77 E F0
+5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)
+2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77 F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27
+(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12
+(The e)180 132 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G
+1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 3.62(,n)-.4 G
+1.12(on-zero other)-3.62 F(-)-.2 E 2.5(wise. The)180 144 R -.15(ex)2.5 G
+(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e).15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E
+F1<ad75>144 156 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)180
+156 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .477(If no)144 172.8 R F2(names)3.337 E F0 .477
+(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.247 F(ariable)-.25 E
+/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.976 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
+F0 .476(The e)4.976 F .476(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .772
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 184.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.272 G(ad)
+.18 E F0 .773
+(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.272 F
+-.25(va)144 196.8 S 2.004
+(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.004
+(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.004(lid \214le).25 F
+(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 208.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>
+2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 225.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A
F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A
-(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 165.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 237.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)
-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 177.6 R
-1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 189.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 249.6 R
+1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097
+(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
+(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 261.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 201.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
-(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.27
6 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
-F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name)
-3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 213.6 R -.15(ve)
+-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 273.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
+(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.27
7 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
+F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name)
+3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 285.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
-.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 225.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
-<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
+.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 297.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
+<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 237.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-249.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
+144 309.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
+321.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 261.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
+144 333.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 273.6 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 290.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 302.4 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
-(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
-5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 314.4 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
-F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 326.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238
+(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 345.6 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 362.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 374.4 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
+(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
+(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .596
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 386.4 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .597(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.597(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.597 E
+F1 -.18(re)3.097 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .597(is e)3.097 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G(cuted).15 E 1.239(by a trap handler)144 398.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
--3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144
-338.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E
-F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)
-3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389
-(determine the status is the last command e)144 350.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4
-G(d.).1 E(If)144 362.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.584 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .084
-(is used outside a function, b)2.584 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E
-F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588
-(causes the shell to stop e)144 374.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .588
-(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .589
-(or the e)3.329 F .589(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .326(mand e)
-144 386.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .326(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
-.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325
-(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .325(alue is)-.25 F .444
-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 398.4 R .444
-(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
-(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 410.4 R -.15
+-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.032(before the trap handler)144
+410.4 R 6.032(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.032 E F1 -.18(re)3.532 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E
+F0 1.032(is e)3.532 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.032(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)
+3.533 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.033(trap, the last command used to)3.533 F .39
+(determine the status is the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.889 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.889 G 2.889(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.889 H -.1(ke)
+.4 G(d.).1 E(If)144 434.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.583 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0
+.084(is used outside a function, b)2.583 F .084(ut during e)-.2 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084
+E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.584(\)c)C .084(ommand, it)-2.584 F .589
+(causes the shell to stop e)144 446.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .589
+(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)3.448 E F0 .588
+(or the e)3.328 F .588(xit status of the last com-)-.15 F .325(mand e)
+144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .325(cuted within the script as the e).15 F
+.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .326
+(is supplied, the return v)2.826 F .326(alue is)-.25 F .445
+(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 470.4 R .444
+(The return status is non-zero if)5.445 F F1 -.18(re)2.944 G(tur).18 E
+(n)-.15 E F0 .444(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.944 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
+(ment, or is used outside a function and not during e)144 482.4 R -.15
(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
-F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E
-.749(mand associated with the)144 422.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
+F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.381(.A)C .681 -.15(ny c)-5.381 H(om-).15
+E .75(mand associated with the)144 494.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 434.4 Q F1
-(set)108 451.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C
+G .749(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 506.4 Q F1
+(set)108 523.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C
F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E
-F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0
+F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0
2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E
-(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 475.2 S .836
+(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 547.2 S .835
(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
-.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
-(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 487.2
-R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784
-(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 499.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0
-.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412
-(The output is sorted according to the current)5.412 F 3.53
-(locale. When)144 511.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F
-3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.531(utes. An)
--.2 F 3.531(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.531 G 1.031(uments remaining).18 F
-1.624(after option processing are treated as v)144 523.2 R 1.623
+.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
+(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 559.2
+R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783
+(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 571.2 R F2 .447(posix mode)
+2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
+(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447
+(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531
+(locale. When)144 583.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F
+3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)
+-.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623
+(after option processing are treated as v)144 595.2 R 1.624
(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order)
-144 535.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
+144 607.2 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A
F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
--.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 547.2 Q
-F0 1.377(Each v)184 547.2 R 1.377
+-.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 619.2 Q
+F0 1.378(Each v)184 619.2 R 1.377
(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F
-1.378(ute and)-.2 F(mark)184 559.2 Q(ed for e)-.1 E(xport to the en)-.15
-E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 571.2 Q F0 .132
-(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 571.2 R
-2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 583.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
--.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 595.2 Q F0
-.087(Exit immediately if a)184 595.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
-(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F
-F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 607.2 Q
-F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F
-1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184
-619.2 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F .08
-(ails is part of the command list immediately)-.1 F(follo)184 631.2 Q
-1.655(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)4.155 E F0(or)4.155 E F1(until)4.155 E F0
--.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654
-(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv)
-4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 643.2 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc)
--.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1
-(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582
-(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 655.2 R
-F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c)
--3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917
-(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E
--.25(va)184 667.2 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66
-(rted with).15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661
-(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113
-(non-zero status because a command f)184 679.2 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
-F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112
-(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 691.2 R 2.677
-(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678
-(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
-(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178
-(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 703.2 R .617
-(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see)
--.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 715.2 R(ONMENT)
--.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643
-(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 727.2
-Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(69)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.377(xport attrib)-.15 F
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+(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15
+(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462
+(user \(group\) id, and the)184 366 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
+(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461
+(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 378 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
-2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 318 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
-.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886
-F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 330 Q F1<ad74>144 342 Q F0
-(Exit after reading and e)184 342 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.)
-.15 E F1<ad75>144 354 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 354 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044
+2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
+E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 390 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
+.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886
+F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F
+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 402 Q F1<ad74>144 414 Q F0
+(Exit after reading and e)184 414 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.)
+.15 E F1<ad75>144 426 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 426 S .043(eat unset v).35 F .044
(ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \
-as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 366 R 2.682
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183
+as an)-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 438 R 2.683
+(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182
(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746
-(able or parameter)184 378 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
+(able or parameter)184 450 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184
-390 Q F1<ad76>144 402 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 402 Q 2.5
-(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 414 Q F0 .315(After e)184 414 R
+462 Q F1<ad76>144 474 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 474 Q 2.5
+(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 486 Q F0 .315(After e)184 486 R
.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25
(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)
-2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184
-426 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F
+2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184
+498 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F
1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0
-(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 438 Q
+(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 510 Q
(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
-<ad42>144 450 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 450 R 2.578
+<ad42>144 522 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)184 522 R 2.578
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 462 Q
-(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 474 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 474 R F1(bash)2.714 E
-F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 534 Q
+(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 546 Q F0 .213(If set,)184 546 R F1(bash)2.713 E
+F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
-2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F
-3.053(tors. This)184 486 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F
+3.054(tors. This)184 558 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 498 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 510 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 510 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
-(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
-(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
-F .838(mands e)184 522 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
-F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 534 Q F1
-<ad48>144 546 Q F0(Enable)184 546 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
-(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 558 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 570 Q F0 .959
-(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 570 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
-(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
-(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822
-(that change the current w)184 582 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
-(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 594 R(def)2.685
+.15 F(tor)184 570 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 582 Q F0 .103(If set, an)184 582 R 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103
+(rap on)-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
+(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
+F .839(mands e)184 594 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 606 Q F1
+<ad48>144 618 Q F0(Enable)184 618 Q F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
+(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
+F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 630 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 642 Q F0 .96
+(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 642 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
+(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959
+(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821
+(that change the current w)184 654 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
+(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 666 R(def)2.686
E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184 6
06 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-618 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 618 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184 6
78 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+690 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 690 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 702 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 642 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 654 Q
-F0 .401(If no ar)184 654 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G
-.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 666 Q F2
-(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
-(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
-678 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 678 R
-F2(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G
-1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 690 R
-F1<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945
-(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
-3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B
-(parameters remain unchanged.)184 702 Q .425(The options are of)144
-718.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
-(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
-(to be turned of)144 730.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
-(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E(71)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 714 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72
+768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(71)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 72 72
%%BeginPageSetup
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
-(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 84 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-<24ad>2.566 E F0 5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)
--.1 G .066(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 96 Q F1(shift)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144
-124.8 R F2(n)2.929 E F0 .429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)
-2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F
-(bers)144 136.8 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)
-2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082
-(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H
-.083(umber less than or equal to).15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)
--5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 148.8
-R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06
-(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06
-(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143
-(positional parameters are not changed.)144 160.8 R .144
-(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0 .144
-(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 172.8 Q F1(shopt)108 189.6 Q F0([)
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF<adad>144 84 Q F0 .4(If no ar)184 84 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901
+(wt)-.25 G .401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)
+-2.901 F(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184
+96 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G
+2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1
+<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 108 Q F0 1.945
+(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 108 R F2(ar)4.444 E
+(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944
+(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 120 R F1
+<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945
+(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)
+3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B
+(parameters remain unchanged.)184 132 Q .425(The options are of)144
+148.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
+(to be turned of)144 160.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
+-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
+(current set of options may be found in)144 172.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
+(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
+(is encountered.)144 184.8 Q F1(shift)108 201.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 213.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
+.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 225.6 Q F1($#)2.583
+E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
+(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
+.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 237.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
+(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 249.6 R
+.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
+.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 261.6 Q F1(shopt)108 278.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 201.6 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 290.4 S .639(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
-5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374
-(listed belo)144 213.6 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
-2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375
+5.639(.T)-.55 G .64(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .375
+(listed belo)144 302.4 R 1.675 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.175 -.4(r, i).65 H
+2.875(ft).4 G(he)-2.875 E F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
-F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 225.6 R .826
-(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825
-(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F
-.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 237.6 R F2
-(optnames)3.052 E F0 .552
-(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55
-(options. The)144 249.6 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\
-o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049
-E(options ha)144 261.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 273.6 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
-273.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 285.6 Q F0
-(Disable \(unset\) each)180
285.6 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
-297.6 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
-tus indicates whether the)180 297.6 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E
-.256(set or unset.)180 309.6 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756
-E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
-(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255
-(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 321.6 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
-F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 333.6 Q F0
-(Restricts the v)180 333.6 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
+F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .374(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.874 E F0 -.2
+(bu)2.874 G .374(iltin com-).2 F 3.325(mand. W)144 314.4 R .825
+(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.325 E F0 .826
+(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.325 F
+.552(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 326.4 R F2
+(optnames)3.052 E F0 .551
+(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.549
+(options. The)144 338.4 R F1<ad70>2.549 E F0 .049(option causes output \
+to be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.549 F(Other)
+5.05 E(options ha)144 350.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 362.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
+362.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 374.4 Q F0
+(Disable \(unset\) each)180
374.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
+386.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
+tus indicates whether the)180 386.4 R F2(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E
+.255(set or unset.)180 398.4 R .255(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755
+E F0(ar)2.755 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
+(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256
+(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F(all)180 410.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
+F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 422.4 Q F0
+(Restricts the v)180 422.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 350.4 R F1
-<ad73>3.12
4 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625(If either)144 439.2 R F1
+<ad73>3.12
5 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124
-E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234
-(set or unset, respecti)144 362.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)
+E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233
+(set or unset, respecti)144 451.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)
-.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0
-2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 374.4 Q(ault.)
+2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 463.2 Q(ault.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-391.2 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
-4.045 F .696
+480 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
+4.044 F .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 403.2 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695
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-120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 132 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5
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-(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180 156
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-E F1(times)108 190.8 Q F0 1.229(Print the accumulated user and system t\
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-(The return status is 0.)144 202.8 Q F1(trap)108 219.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
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+(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 144 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
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(ach speci\214ed signal is reset to its original disposition)-3.108 F
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+(is ignored by the shell and by the commands it in)3.391 F -.2(vo)-.4 G
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E F0 .86(is gi)3.36 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(n,).15 E F1(trap)3.36 E F0 .86
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03.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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-(If a)144 345.6 R F2(sigspec)4.489 E F0(is)4.459 E F3(EXIT)4.149 E F0
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-(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.168(simple command)
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-(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 369.6 Q F2(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)
-2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.647 E F0 .146
-(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
-(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 381.6 R F3 .145
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
-F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0
-.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 393.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201
-G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F2(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E
-F3(RETURN)3.2 E F4(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 405.6 Q F2(ar)
-3.473 E(g)-.37 E F0 .643(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643
+(signal. The)144 3
63.6 R F1<ad6c>2.83 E F0 .33(option causes the shell \
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+(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E
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+(If a)144 405.6 R F2(sigspec)4.488 E F0(is)4.458 E F3(EXIT)4.148 E F0
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+4.369 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.649(xit from the shell.)
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+(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command)
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+(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 429.6 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)
+2.646 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .146(ry arithmetic).15 F F2(for)2.646 E F0 .147
+(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147
+(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 441.6 R F3 .146
+(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
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(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.644(cuted with the).15 F F1(.)3.144 E F0(or)3.144 E F1(sour)3.144 E(ce)
--.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 417.6 Q -.15(xe)
--.15 G(cuting.).15 E .961(If a)144 435.6 R F2(sigspec)3.801 E F0(is)
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-(g)-.37 E F0 .961(is e)3.681 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .961(cuted whene).15 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.461(ra).15 G .96(pipeline \(which may consist of a)
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-(the follo)144 459.6 R .452(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)5.452 E F3(ERR)
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-(cuted if the f).15 F .451(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .387
-(mand list immediately follo)144 471.6 R .387(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)
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-(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.898 E F0 .388
-(statement, part)4.848 F .778(of a command e)144 483.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
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+(ailed command is part of the com-)-.1 F .388
+(mand list immediately follo)144 531.6 R .388(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)
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+(ord, part of the test in an)-.1 F F2(if)2.897 E F0 .387
+(statement, part)4.847 F .777(of a command e)144 543.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
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(list e)3.278 F .778(xcept the command follo)-.15 F .778
-(wing the \214nal)-.25 F F1(&&)3.278 E F0(or)3.278 E F1(||)3.277 E F0
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1.28(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.78(sr)-.55 G 1.28(eturn v)
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-F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 507.6 Q
+F1(!)3.78 E F0(.)A(These are the same conditions obe)144 567.6 Q
(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(\()2.5 E F1<ad65>A F0 2.5
(\)o)C(ption.)-2.5 E 1.095
(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
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-(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 537.6 R .662
-(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is)
--.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 549.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)
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-.1 E(y)-.15 E F2(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108
-566.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
-(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 578.4 S .174
-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F2(name)
-3.034 E F0 -.1(wo)2.854 G .173
-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
-F1<ad74>144 590.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0
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+(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 638.4 S .173
+(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)
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+(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
+F1<ad74>144 650.4 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0
.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0
-(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F2
-(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F2(name)144.36 602.4 Q F0 .087
-(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F2
-(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 614.4 R .118
-(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
-F1<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F1(type)2.619 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 626.4 R .855
+(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2
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+(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
+(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2
+(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 674.4 R .118
+(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
+F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 686.4 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
-.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144
-638.4 R/F5 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)3.14 F F0 -.1(wo)3.14 G .641
-(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F1
-<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F3 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)
--.189 E F0 .113(search for each)144 650.4 R F2(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)
-C -.15(ve)-2.863 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F5 .113(type -t name)2.613
-F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113
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-F .731
-(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
-F F3 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F1<ad61>
-144 674.4 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F1(type)4.248 E F0 1.748
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-(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 686.4 R F1<ad70>
-3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744
-(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
-144 698.4 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0
-1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the)
-144 710.4 R F1(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)
-5.325 E F0 .325(returns true if all of the ar)2.825 F .326
-(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326
-(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 722.4 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)
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+.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if)
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+(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E(77)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 78 78
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
-SF(ulimit)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)
-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 96 Q .244
-(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244
-(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
+SF<ad61>144 84 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F1(type)4.248 E F0
+1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+1.748(cutable named).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)4.249 E F0 6.749
+(.T).18 G(his)-6.749 E .744
+(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144 96 R F1<ad70>
+3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743
+(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
+144 108 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0
+1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)
+144 120 R F1(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5.326
+E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325
+(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325
+(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 132 Q F1(ulimit)108 148.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+(\255HSabcde\214klmnpqrstuvxPT)A F0([)2.5 E F2(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144
+160.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243
+(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.943(that allo)144 108 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F(The)
-5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
+.944(that allo)144 172.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
+(The)5.944 E F1<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208(\
-hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a sof\
-t limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 132 R .425
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E
-F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-144 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+144 184.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
+ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 196.8 R .426
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F1<ad48>2.925 E
+F0(nor)2.925 E F1<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
+(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
+208.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.741(of the special v)144 156 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1
+.742(of the special v)144 220.8 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F1
(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 168 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 232.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144 180 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0 .499
-(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
+F .499(resource is printed, unless the)144 244.8 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
+.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 192 Q 2.5(alue. Other)
--.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 204
-Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 204 Q F1<ad62>144 216 Q F0
-(The maximum sock)180 216 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>
-144 228 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 228 Q F1<ad64>
-144 240 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 240 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G
-(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 252 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 252 Q F1<ad66>144 264 Q
-F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
-264 Q F1<ad69>144 276 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180 276
-Q F1<ad6b>144 288 Q F0
-(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 288 Q F1<ad6c>
-144 300 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 300 Q(ed into memory)
--.1 E F1<ad6d>144 312 Q F0(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 312 Q
-2.5(ys)-.15 G(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 324 Q
-F0 .791(The maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do\
- not allo)180 324 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 336 Q F1<ad70>144 348 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 348 Q F1
-<ad71>144 360 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
-180 360 Q F1<ad72>144 372 Q F0
-(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 372 Q F1<ad73>144 384 Q
-F0(The maximum stack size)180 384 Q F1<ad74>144 396 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 396 Q F1<ad75>144 408 Q
-F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 408 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 420 Q F0 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 420 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 432
-Q F1<ad78>144 444 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 444 Q F1
-<ad50>144 456 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 456 Q F1
-<ad54>144 468 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 468 Q(If)144 484.8
-Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(n, and the)
-.15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968
-E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044
-(no option is gi)144 496.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
-2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
-<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144
-508.8 R F1<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 256.8 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
+<ad61>144 268.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)180 268.8 Q F1
+<ad62>144 280.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)180 280.8 Q(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E
+(fer size)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 292.8 Q F0
+(The maximum size of core \214les created)180 292.8 Q F1<ad64>144 304.8
+Q F0(The maximum size of a process')180 304.8 Q 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)
+-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 316.8 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))180 316.8 Q F1<ad66>144
+328.8 Q F0
+(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)180
+328.8 Q F1<ad69>144 340.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)180
+340.8 Q F1<ad6b>144 352.8 Q F0
+(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 352.8 Q F1
+<ad6c>144 364.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 364.8 Q
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 376.8 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 376.8 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 388.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
+e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
+180 388.8 R 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
+(be set\))180 400.8 Q F1<ad70>144 412.8 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 412.8 Q F1
+<ad71>144 424.8 Q F0
+(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 424.8 Q F1
+<ad72>144 436.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 436.8
+Q F1<ad73>144 448.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 448.8 Q F1<ad74>144
+460.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 460.8 Q F1
+<ad75>144 472.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 472.8 Q -.25
+(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 484.8 Q F0 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 484.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
+496.8 Q F1<ad78>144 508.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180
+508.8 Q F1<ad50>144 520.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180
+520.8 Q F1<ad54>144 532.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 532.8 Q
+(If)144 549.6 Q F2(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+.468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968
+F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
+(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .045
+(no option is gi)144 561.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>
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+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F F1
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+573.6 R F1<ad70>4.088 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589
(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F1<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F1
<ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F1
-<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F1<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C
-1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 520.8 R 1.438
-(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E
-F1<ad66>3.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.)
--3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 532.8 R
+<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F1<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C
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+(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.976 E F0(and)3.976 E
+F1<ad66>3.976 E F0 3.976(,w)C 1.476(hich are in 512-byte increments.)
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-.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144
-544.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 561.6 Q F0([)2.5 E
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F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A
-.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 573.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 638.4 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 585.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-597.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+pted by)144 650.4 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
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(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 609.6 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 674.4 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 621.6 Q F0 .551
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 633.6 Q
+(mode)144.38 686.4 Q F0 .552
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 698.4 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
-(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 650.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 662.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
-4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
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-F(remo)144 674.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
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-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 691.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
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-3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327
-(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327
-(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 715.2 Q F0 1.551
-(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551
-(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
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-(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F
-2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188(tion with that name is unset.)144 120
-R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F 1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G 1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E
-3.206(passed to subsequent commands.)144 132 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0
+SF(unalias)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 96 Q 1.955 -.15
+(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)4.155 E F0 1.655
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+(ilable from).25 F F1(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 463.2 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37
+E F0(.)A .411(Once you ha)108 480 R .711 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .411
+(etermined that a b).15 F .411(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the)
+-.15 F F1(bashb)3.18 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .41(command to submit a b)3.13 F .41
+(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.41 E .594(you ha)108 492 R .894 -.15(ve a \214)
+-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .595
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+(be mailed to)108 504 Q F1 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0
(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F3(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug)
--.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 436.8 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)
-108 453.6 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 465.6
-Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 477.6
-Q 2.5(Ad)108 489.6 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2
-E 2.5(As)108 501.6 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15
-G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F1(bashb)108.27 518.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0
+-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 520.8 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)
+108 537.6 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F3(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 549.6
+Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 561.6
+Q 2.5(Ad)108 573.6 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2
+E 2.5(As)108 585.6 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15
+G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F1(bashb)108.27 602.4 Q(ug)-.2 E F0
(inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro)
2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108
-535.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2
+619.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2
E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.)
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-(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868
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+.25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 636 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 648 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G
+(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869
+(There are some subtle dif)108 664.8 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F F3
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-/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 592.8 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E
-(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 609.6 Q(Shell b)108 626.4 Q
+F3(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 676.8 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E
+(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 693.6 Q(Shell b)108 710.4 Q
(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E
1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\
-re not handled gracefully when)108 643.2 R .389
-(process suspension is attempted.)108 655.2 R .389
-(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.)
-108 667.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\
-ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F
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-(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
-(There may be only one acti)108 712.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
-(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 March 15)144.29 E
-(80)193.45 E 0 Cg EP
+re not handled gracefully when)108 727.2 R(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
+(2018 June 8)150.675 E(80)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 81 81
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 137.14(SH\(1\) General).35 F
+(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)139.64 G(SH\(1\)).35 E .39
+(process suspension is attempted.)108 84 R .389
+(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192
+(mand in the sequence.)108 96 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to pla\
+ce the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25
+F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 108 Q(Array v)108 124.8
+Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
+(There may be only one acti)108 141.6 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
+(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2018 June 8)150.675 E
+(81)199.835 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018).
+the Bash shell (version 5.0, 8 June 2018).
-This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018,
+This is Edition 5.0, last updated 8 June 2018,
of The GNU Bash Reference Manual,
for Bash, Version 5.0.
<h1 class="top">Bash Features</h1>
<p>This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018).
+the Bash shell (version 5.0, 8 June 2018).
The Bash home page is <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/">http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/</a>.
</p>
-<p>This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018,
+<p>This is Edition 5.0, last updated 8 June 2018,
of <cite>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</cite>,
for <code>Bash</code>, Version 5.0.
</p>
<p>The syntax of the <code>case</code> command is:
</p>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">case <var>word</var> in [ [(] <var>pattern</var> [| <var>pattern</var>]…) <var>command-list</var> ;;]… esac
+<pre class="example">case <var>word</var> in
+ [ [(] <var>pattern</var> [| <var>pattern</var>]…) <var>command-list</var> ;;]…
+esac
</pre></div>
<p><code>case</code> will selectively execute the <var>command-list</var> corresponding to
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
The return value is 0 if the string matches (‘<samp>==</samp>’) or does not
-match (‘<samp>!=</samp>’)the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
+match (‘<samp>!=</samp>’) the pattern, and 1 otherwise.
Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion
to be matched as a string.
</p>
<p>with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:
</p><div class="example">
-<pre class="example">cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | process-output
+<pre class="example">cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" |
+ process-output
</pre></div>
<p>Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which
<p>If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in
the output. For instance, the following command
</p><div class="example">
-<pre class="example">{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute
+<pre class="example">{
+ echo foss.org.my ;
+ echo debian.org ;
+ echo freenetproject.org ;
+} | parallel traceroute
</pre></div>
<p>will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first.
Adding the <samp>-k</samp> option
</p><div class="example">
-<pre class="example">{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute
+<pre class="example">{
+ echo foss.org.my ;
+ echo debian.org ;
+ echo freenetproject.org ;
+} | parallel -k traceroute
</pre></div>
<p>will ensure that the output of <code>traceroute foss.org.my</code> is displayed first.
</p>
<a name="index-_0040"></a>
</dt>
<dd><a name="index-_0024_0040"></a>
-<p>($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When the
-expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands to a
+<p>($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one.
+In contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each
+positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double
+quotes, these words are subject to word splitting.
+In contexts where word splitting is not performed,
+this expands to a single word
+with each positional parameter separated by a space.
+When the
+expansion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting is performed,
+each parameter expands to a
separate word. That is, <code>"$@"</code> is equivalent to
<code>"$1" "$2" …</code>.
If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of
<dt><code>mapfile</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-mapfile"></a>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">mapfile [-d <var>delim</var>] [-n <var>count</var>] [-O <var>origin</var>] [-s <var>count</var>] [-t] [-u <var>fd</var>]
- [-C <var>callback</var>] [-c <var>quantum</var>] [<var>array</var>]
+<pre class="example">mapfile [-d <var>delim</var>] [-n <var>count</var>] [-O <var>origin</var>] [-s <var>count</var>]
+ [-t] [-u <var>fd</var>] [-C <var>callback</var>] [-c <var>quantum</var>] [<var>array</var>]
</pre></div>
<p>Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <var>array</var>,
<dt><code>readarray</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-readarray"></a>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">readarray [-d <var>delim</var>] [-n <var>count</var>] [-O <var>origin</var>] [-s <var>count</var>] [-t] [-u <var>fd</var>]
- [-C <var>callback</var>] [-c <var>quantum</var>] [<var>array</var>]
+<pre class="example">readarray [-d <var>delim</var>] [-n <var>count</var>] [-O <var>origin</var>] [-s <var>count</var>]
+ [-t] [-u <var>fd</var>] [-C <var>callback</var>] [-c <var>quantum</var>] [<var>array</var>]
</pre></div>
<p>Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable <var>array</var>,
of consecutive <code>EOF</code> characters that can be read as the
first character on an input line
before the shell will exit. If the variable exists but does not
-have a numeric value (or has no value) then the default is 10.
+have a numeric value, or has no value, then the default is 10.
If the variable does not exist, then <code>EOF</code> signifies the end of
input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells.
</p>
<h3 class="section">6.1 Invoking Bash</h3>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example">bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>] [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] [<var>argument</var> …]
-bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>] [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] -c <var>string</var> [<var>argument</var> …]
-bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>] [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] [<var>argument</var> …]
+<pre class="example">bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>]
+ [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] [<var>argument</var> …]
+bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>]
+ [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] -c <var>string</var> [<var>argument</var> …]
+bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <var>option</var>]
+ [-O <var>shopt_option</var>] [<var>argument</var> …]
</pre></div>
<p>All of the single-character options used with the <code>set</code> builtin
(see <a href="#Signals">Signals</a>).
</li><li> In the absence of any traps, <code>SIGINT</code> is caught and handled
-(
(see <a href="#Signals">Signals</a>).
+(see <a href="#Signals">Signals</a>).
<code>SIGINT</code> will interrupt some shell builtins.
</li><li> An interactive login shell sends a <code>SIGHUP</code> to all jobs on exit
<p>After the string is decoded, it is expanded via
parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
-<code>promptvars</code> shell option (see <a href="#Bash-Builtins">Bash Builtins</a>).
+<code>promptvars</code> shell option (see <a href="#The-Shopt-Builtin">The Shopt Builtin</a>).
</p>
<hr>
<a name="The-Restricted-Shell"></a>
<p>If set to ‘<samp>on</samp>’, and <var>completion-ignore-case</var> is enabled, Readline
treats hyphens (‘<samp>-</samp>’) and underscores (‘<samp>_</samp>’) as equivalent when
performing case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
+The default value is ‘<samp>off</samp>’.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>completion-prefix-display-length</code></dt>
Control-o: "> output"
</pre></div>
-<p>In the above example, <kbd>C-u</kbd> is bound to the function
+<p>In the example above, <kbd>C-u</kbd> is bound to the function
<code>universal-argument</code>,
<kbd>M-DEL</kbd> is bound to the function <code>backward-kill-word</code>, and
<kbd>C-o</kbd> is bound to run the macro
sequence sent by some terminals, and such a binding is assigned by default.
It allows Readline to insert the pasted text as a single unit without treating
each character as if it had been read from the keyboard. The characters
-are inserted as if each one was bound to <code>self-insert</code>) instead of
+are inserted as if each one was bound to <code>self-insert</code> instead of
executing any editing commands.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>complete</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-complete"></a>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example"><code>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <var>comp-option</var>] [-DE] [-A <var>action</var>] [-G <var>globpat</var>] [-W <var>wordlist</var>]
-[-F <var>function</var>] [-C <var>command</var>] [-X <var>filterpat</var>]
+<pre class="example"><code>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <var>comp-option</var>] [-DEI] [-A <var>action</var>] [-G <var>globpat</var>]
+[-W <var>wordlist</var>] [-F <var>function</var>] [-C <var>command</var>] [-X <var>filterpat</var>]
[-P <var>prefix</var>] [-S <var>suffix</var>] <var>name</var> [<var>name</var> …]</code>
-<code>complete -pr [-DE] [<var>name</var> …]</code>
+<code>complete -pr [-DEI] [<var>name</var> …]</code>
</pre></div>
<p>Specify how arguments to each <var>name</var> should be completed.
The <samp>-E</samp> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
apply to “empty” command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
blank line.
+The <samp>-I</samp> option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a
+command delimiter such as ‘<samp>;</samp>’ or ‘<samp>|</samp>’, which is usually command
+name completion.
+If multiple options are supplied, the <samp>-D</samp> option takes precedence
+over <samp>-E</samp>, and both take precedence over <samp>-I</samp>.
</p>
<p>The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
-is attempted is described above (see <a href="#Programmable-Completion">Programmable Completion</a>). The
-<samp>-D</samp> option takes precedence over <samp>-E</samp>.
+is attempted is described above (see <a href="#Programmable-Completion">Programmable Completion</a>).
</p>
<p>Other options, if specified, have the following meanings.
The arguments to the <samp>-G</samp>, <samp>-W</samp>, and <samp>-X</samp> options
</dd>
<dt><code>filenames</code></dt>
<dd><p>Tell Readline that the compspec generates filenames, so it can perform any
-filename-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names
+filename-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names,
quoting special characters, or suppressing trailing spaces).
This option is intended to be used with shell functions specified
with <samp>-F</samp>.
<dt><code>compopt</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-compopt"></a>
<div class="example">
-<pre class="example"><code>compopt</code> [-o <var>option</var>] [-DE] [+o <var>option</var>] [<var>name</var>]
+<pre class="example"><code>compopt</code> [-o <var>option</var>] [-DEI] [+o <var>option</var>] [<var>name</var>]
</pre></div>
<p>Modify completion options for each <var>name</var> according to the
<var>option</var>s, or for the currently-executing completion if no <var>name</var>s
The <samp>-E</samp> option indicates that the remaining options should
apply to “empty” command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
blank line.
+The <samp>-I</samp> option indicates that the remaining options should
+apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a
+command delimiter such as ‘<samp>;</samp>’ or ‘<samp>|</samp>’, which is usually command
+name completion.
</p>
-<p>The <samp>-D</samp> option takes precedence over <samp>-E</samp>.
+<p>If multiple options are supplied, the <samp>-D</samp> option takes precedence
+over <samp>-E</samp>, and both take precedence over <samp>-I</samp>
</p>
<p>The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt
is made to modify the options for a <var>name</var> for which no completion
local cur _skipdot _cdpath
local i j k
- # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname
+ # Tilde expansion, which also expands tilde to full pathname
case "$2" in
\~*) eval cur="$2" ;;
*) cur=$2 ;;
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>--enable-largefile</code></dt>
-<dd><p>Enable support for <a href="http://www.sas.com/standards/large_file/x_open.20Mar96.html">large files</a> if the operating system requires special compiler options
+<dd><p>Enable support for <a href="http://www.unix.org/version2/whatsnew/lfs20mar.html">large files</a> if the operating system requires special compiler options
to build programs which can access large files. This is enabled by
default, if the operating system provides large file support.
</p>
bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018).
+Bash shell (version 5.0, 8 June 2018).
- This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.0, last updated 8 June 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0.
Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in the
-Bash shell (version 5.0, 15 March 2018). The Bash home page is
+Bash shell (version 5.0, 8 June 2018). The Bash home page is
<http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/>.
- This is Edition 5.0, last updated 15 March 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 5.0, last updated 8 June 2018, of 'The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for 'Bash', Version 5.0.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
'case'
The syntax of the 'case' command is:
- case WORD in [ [(] PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND-LIST ;;]... esac
+ case WORD in
+ [ [(] PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMAND-LIST ;;]...
+ esac
'case' will selectively execute the COMMAND-LIST corresponding to
the first PATTERN that matches WORD. The match is performed
'shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is enabled, the match is
performed without regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The
return value is 0 if the string matches ('==') or does not match
- ('!=')the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may be
- quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string.
+ ('!=') the pattern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may
+ be quoted to force the quoted portion to be matched as a string.
An additional binary operator, '=~', is available, with the same
precedence as '==' and '!='. When it is used, the string to the
done < file | process-output
with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:
- cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | process-output
+ cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" |
+ process-output
Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions,
which lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming:
If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input
order in the output. For instance, the following command
- { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute
+ {
+ echo foss.org.my ;
+ echo debian.org ;
+ echo freenetproject.org ;
+ } | parallel traceroute
will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first.
Adding the '-k' option
- { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute
+ {
+ echo foss.org.my ;
+ echo debian.org ;
+ echo freenetproject.org ;
+ } | parallel -k traceroute
will ensure that the output of 'traceroute foss.org.my' is displayed
first.
is null, the parameters are joined without intervening separators.
'@'
- ($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
- the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter expands
- to a separate word. That is, '"$@"' is equivalent to '"$1" "$2"
- ...'. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the
- expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part
- of the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is
- joined with the last part of the original word. When there are no
- positional parameters, '"$@"' and '$@' expand to nothing (i.e.,
- they are removed).
+ ($@) Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. In
+ contexts where word splitting is performed, this expands each
+ positional parameter to a separate word; if not within double
+ quotes, these words are subject to word splitting. In contexts
+ where word splitting is not performed, this expands to a single
+ word with each positional parameter separated by a space. When the
+ expansion occurs within double quotes, and word splitting is
+ performed, each parameter expands to a separate word. That is,
+ '"$@"' is equivalent to '"$1" "$2" ...'. If the double-quoted
+ expansion occurs within a word, the expansion of the first
+ parameter is joined with the beginning part of the original word,
+ and the expansion of the last parameter is joined with the last
+ part of the original word. When there are no positional
+ parameters, '"$@"' and '$@' expand to nothing (i.e., they are
+ removed).
'#'
($#) Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
Exit a login shell, returning a status of N to the shell's parent.
'mapfile'
- mapfile [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD]
- [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
+ mapfile [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT]
+ [-t] [-u FD] [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable
ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the '-u' option is supplied.
Read input from file descriptor FD.
'readarray'
- readarray [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT] [-t] [-u FD]
- [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
+ readarray [-d DELIM] [-n COUNT] [-O ORIGIN] [-s COUNT]
+ [-t] [-u FD] [-C CALLBACK] [-c QUANTUM] [ARRAY]
Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable
ARRAY, or from file descriptor FD if the '-u' option is supplied.
as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number of
consecutive 'EOF' characters that can be read as the first
character on an input line before the shell will exit. If the
- variable exists but does not have a numeric value (or has no value)
+ variable exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value,
then the default is 10. If the variable does not exist, then 'EOF'
signifies the end of input to the shell. This is only in effect
for interactive shells.
6.1 Invoking Bash
=================
- bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...]
- bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] -c STRING [ARGUMENT ...]
- bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION] [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...]
+ bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION]
+ [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...]
+ bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION]
+ [-O SHOPT_OPTION] -c STRING [ARGUMENT ...]
+ bash [long-opt] -s [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o OPTION]
+ [-O SHOPT_OPTION] [ARGUMENT ...]
All of the single-character options used with the 'set' builtin
(*note The Set Builtin::) can be used as options when the shell is
9. In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores 'SIGTERM' (*note
Signals::).
- 10. In the absence of any traps, 'SIGINT' is caught and handled
- ((*note Signals::). 'SIGINT' will interrupt some shell builtins.
+ 10. In the absence of any traps, 'SIGINT' is caught and handled (*note
+ Signals::). 'SIGINT' will interrupt some shell builtins.
11. An interactive login shell sends a 'SIGHUP' to all jobs on exit if
the 'huponexit' shell option has been enabled (*note Signals::).
After the string is decoded, it is expanded via parameter expansion,
command substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal, subject
-to the value of the 'promptvars' shell option (*note Bash Builtins::).
+to the value of the 'promptvars' shell option (*note The Shopt
+Builtin::).
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: The Restricted Shell, Next: Bash POSIX Mode, Prev: Controlling the Prompt, Up: Bash Features
If set to 'on', and COMPLETION-IGNORE-CASE is enabled,
Readline treats hyphens ('-') and underscores ('_') as
equivalent when performing case-insensitive filename matching
- and completion.
+ and completion. The default value is 'off'.
'completion-prefix-display-length'
The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of
Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
Control-o: "> output"
- In the above example, 'C-u' is bound to the function
+ In the example above, 'C-u' is bound to the function
'universal-argument', 'M-DEL' is bound to the function
'backward-kill-word', and 'C-o' is bound to run the macro
expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text
assigned by default. It allows Readline to insert the pasted text
as a single unit without treating each character as if it had been
read from the keyboard. The characters are inserted as if each one
- was bound to 'self-insert') instead of executing any editing
+ was bound to 'self-insert' instead of executing any editing
commands.
'transpose-chars (C-t)'
no matches were generated.
'complete'
- complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o COMP-OPTION] [-DE] [-A ACTION] [-G GLOBPAT] [-W WORDLIST]
- [-F FUNCTION] [-C COMMAND] [-X FILTERPAT]
+ complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o COMP-OPTION] [-DEI] [-A ACTION] [-G GLOBPAT]
+ [-W WORDLIST] [-F FUNCTION] [-C COMMAND] [-X FILTERPAT]
[-P PREFIX] [-S SUFFIX] NAME [NAME ...]
- complete -pr [-DE] [NAME ...]
+ complete -pr [-DEI] [NAME ...]
Specify how arguments to each NAME should be completed. If the
'-p' option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
completion has previously been defined. The '-E' option indicates
that the remaining options and actions should apply to "empty"
command completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
+ The '-I' option indicates that the remaining options and actions
+ should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the
+ line, or after a command delimiter such as ';' or '|', which is
+ usually command name completion. If multiple options are supplied,
+ the '-D' option takes precedence over '-E', and both take
+ precedence over '-I'.
The process of applying these completion specifications when word
completion is attempted is described above (*note Programmable
- Completion::). The '-D' option takes precedence over '-E'.
+ Completion::).
Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
arguments to the '-G', '-W', and '-X' options (and, if necessary,
'filenames'
Tell Readline that the compspec generates filenames, so
it can perform any filename-specific processing (like
- adding a slash to directory names quoting special
+ adding a slash to directory names, quoting special
characters, or suppressing trailing spaces). This option
is intended to be used with shell functions specified
with '-F'.
completion specification.
'compopt'
- compopt [-o OPTION] [-DE] [+o OPTION] [NAME]
+ compopt [-o OPTION] [-DEI] [+o OPTION] [NAME]
Modify completion options for each NAME according to the OPTIONs,
or for the currently-executing completion if no NAMEs are supplied.
If no OPTIONs are given, display the completion options for each
command for which no completion has previously been defined. The
'-E' option indicates that the remaining options should apply to
"empty" command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
- blank line.
+ blank line. The '-I' option indicates that the remaining options
+ should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the
+ line, or after a command delimiter such as ';' or '|', which is
+ usually command name completion.
- The '-D' option takes precedence over '-E'.
+ If multiple options are supplied, the '-D' option takes precedence
+ over '-E', and both take precedence over '-I'
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an
attempt is made to modify the options for a NAME for which no
local cur _skipdot _cdpath
local i j k
- # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname
+ # Tilde expansion, which also expands tilde to full pathname
case "$2" in
\~*) eval cur="$2" ;;
*) cur=$2 ;;
'--enable-largefile'
Enable support for large files
- (http://www.sas.com/standards/large_file/x_open.20Mar96.html) if
- the operating system requires special compiler options to build
+ (http://www.unix.org/version2/whatsnew/lfs20mar.html) if the
+ operating system requires special compiler options to build
programs which can access large files. This is enabled by default,
if the operating system provides large file support.
* complete: Programmable Completion Builtins.
(line 30)
* compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins.
- (line 229)
+ (line 235)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 85)
* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 148)
* !: Pipelines. (line 9)
* [[: Conditional Constructs.
- (line 122)
+ (line 124)
* ]]: Conditional Constructs.
- (line 122)
+ (line 124)
* {: Command Grouping. (line 21)
* }: Command Grouping. (line 21)
* case: Conditional Constructs.
* in: Conditional Constructs.
(line 28)
* select: Conditional Constructs.
- (line 80)
+ (line 82)
* then: Conditional Constructs.
(line 7)
* time: Pipelines. (line 9)
\0\b[index\0\b]
* Menu:
-* !: Special Parameters. (line 50)
-* #: Special Parameters. (line 33)
-* $: Special Parameters. (line 45)
-* $!: Special Parameters. (line 51)
-* $#: Special Parameters. (line 34)
-* $$: Special Parameters. (line 46)
+* !: Special Parameters. (line 56)
+* #: Special Parameters. (line 39)
+* $: Special Parameters. (line 51)
+* $!: Special Parameters. (line 57)
+* $#: Special Parameters. (line 40)
+* $$: Special Parameters. (line 52)
* $*: Special Parameters. (line 10)
-* $-: Special Parameters. (line 41)
-* $0: Special Parameters. (line 56)
-* $?: Special Parameters. (line 37)
+* $-: Special Parameters. (line 47)
+* $0: Special Parameters. (line 62)
+* $?: Special Parameters. (line 43)
* $@: Special Parameters. (line 23)
-* $_: Special Parameters. (line 65)
+* $_: Special Parameters. (line 71)
* *: Special Parameters. (line 9)
-* -: Special Parameters. (line 40)
-* 0: Special Parameters. (line 55)
-* ?: Special Parameters. (line 36)
+* -: Special Parameters. (line 46)
+* 0: Special Parameters. (line 61)
+* ?: Special Parameters. (line 42)
* @: Special Parameters. (line 22)
-* _: Special Parameters. (line 64)
+* _: Special Parameters. (line 70)
* auto_resume: Job Control Variables.
(line 6)
* BASH: Bash Variables. (line 13)
* installation: Basic Installation. (line 6)
* interaction, readline: Readline Interaction.
(line 6)
-* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 128)
+* interactive shell: Invoking Bash. (line 131)
* interactive shell <1>: Interactive Shells. (line 6)
* internationalization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
* job: Definitions. (line 38)
* killing text: Readline Killing Commands.
(line 6)
* localization: Locale Translation. (line 6)
-* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 125)
+* login shell: Invoking Bash. (line 128)
* matching, pattern: Pattern Matching. (line 6)
* metacharacter: Definitions. (line 46)
* name: Definitions. (line 51)
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f891
-Node: Introduction\7f2805
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3021
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4135
-Node: Definitions\7f6673
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9624
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f10843
-Node: Shell Operation\7f11869
-Node: Quoting\7f13162
-Node: Escape Character\7f14462
-Node: Single Quotes\7f14947
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15295
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16573
-Node: Locale Translation\7f17832
-Node: Comments\7f18728
-Node: Shell Commands\7f19346
-Node: Simple Commands\7f20218
-Node: Pipelines\7f20849
-Node: Lists\7f23781
-Node: Compound Commands\7f25520
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f26532
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f29027
-Node: Command Grouping\7f40082
-Node: Coprocesses\7f41561
-Node: GNU Parallel\7f43464
-Node: Shell Functions\7f47438
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f54521
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f58934
-Node: Special Parameters\7f59834
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f63171
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f65294
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f68018
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f70366
-Node: Command Substitution\7f84849
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f86204
-Node: Process Substitution\7f87136
-Node: Word Splitting\7f88256
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f90200
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f92730
-Node: Quote Removal\7f96716
-Node: Redirections\7f97011
-Node: Executing Commands\7f106569
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f107239
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f109169
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f111545
-Node: Environment\7f114529
-Node: Exit Status\7f116188
-Node: Signals\7f117858
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f119825
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f122340
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f124378
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f145036
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f173944
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f174289
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f184702
-Node: Special Builtins\7f201572
-Node: Shell Variables\7f202551
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f202988
-Node: Bash Variables\7f205092
-Node: Bash Features\7f235106
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f236005
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f241991
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f247094
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f247504
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-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f252456
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f256822
-Node: Aliases\7f259639
-Node: Arrays\7f262187
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f267553
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f268337
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f271305
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f274067
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f275892
-Node: Job Control\7f286243
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f286703
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f291671
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f296398
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f297554
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f299225
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f300848
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f302039
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f303822
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f304782
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f306700
-Node: Searching\7f307744
-Node: Readline Init File\7f309930
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f311077
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f331448
-Node: Sample Init File\7f335644
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f338761
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f339965
-Node: Commands For History\7f341814
-Node: Commands For Text\7f346109
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f349498
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f351979
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f353118
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f357309
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f357996
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f363949
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f364856
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f372450
-Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f382336
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f387587
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f388271
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f391276
-Node: History Interaction\7f395807
-Node: Event Designators\7f398874
-Node: Word Designators\7f400093
-Node: Modifiers\7f401730
-Node: Installing Bash\7f403132
-Node: Basic Installation\7f404269
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f407527
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f408268
-Node: Installation Names\7f409961
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f410779
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f411495
-Node: Operation Controls\7f412168
-Node: Optional Features\7f413126
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f423652
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f424846
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f441698
-Node: Indexes\7f466875
-Node: Builtin Index\7f467329
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f474156
-Node: Variable Index\7f476604
-Node: Function Index\7f492282
-Node: Concept Index\7f505585
+Node: Top\7f887
+Node: Introduction\7f2797
+Node: What is Bash?\7f3013
+Node: What is a shell?\7f4127
+Node: Definitions\7f6665
+Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9616
+Node: Shell Syntax\7f10835
+Node: Shell Operation\7f11861
+Node: Quoting\7f13154
+Node: Escape Character\7f14454
+Node: Single Quotes\7f14939
+Node: Double Quotes\7f15287
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16565
+Node: Locale Translation\7f17824
+Node: Comments\7f18720
+Node: Shell Commands\7f19338
+Node: Simple Commands\7f20210
+Node: Pipelines\7f20841
+Node: Lists\7f23773
+Node: Compound Commands\7f25512
+Node: Looping Constructs\7f26524
+Node: Conditional Constructs\7f29019
+Node: Command Grouping\7f40099
+Node: Coprocesses\7f41578
+Node: GNU Parallel\7f43481
+Node: Shell Functions\7f47539
+Node: Shell Parameters\7f54622
+Node: Positional Parameters\7f59035
+Node: Special Parameters\7f59935
+Node: Shell Expansions\7f63649
+Node: Brace Expansion\7f65772
+Node: Tilde Expansion\7f68496
+Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f70844
+Node: Command Substitution\7f85327
+Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f86682
+Node: Process Substitution\7f87614
+Node: Word Splitting\7f88734
+Node: Filename Expansion\7f90678
+Node: Pattern Matching\7f93208
+Node: Quote Removal\7f97194
+Node: Redirections\7f97489
+Node: Executing Commands\7f107047
+Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f107717
+Node: Command Search and Execution\7f109647
+Node: Command Execution Environment\7f112023
+Node: Environment\7f115007
+Node: Exit Status\7f116666
+Node: Signals\7f118336
+Node: Shell Scripts\7f120303
+Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f122818
+Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f124856
+Node: Bash Builtins\7f145514
+Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f174422
+Node: The Set Builtin\7f174767
+Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f185180
+Node: Special Builtins\7f202050
+Node: Shell Variables\7f203029
+Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f203466
+Node: Bash Variables\7f205570
+Node: Bash Features\7f235584
+Node: Invoking Bash\7f236483
+Node: Bash Startup Files\7f242496
+Node: Interactive Shells\7f247599
+Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f248009
+Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f248658
+Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f249473
+Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f252960
+Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f257326
+Node: Aliases\7f260143
+Node: Arrays\7f262691
+Node: The Directory Stack\7f268057
+Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f268841
+Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f271809
+Node: The Restricted Shell\7f274575
+Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f276400
+Node: Job Control\7f286751
+Node: Job Control Basics\7f287211
+Node: Job Control Builtins\7f292179
+Node: Job Control Variables\7f296906
+Node: Command Line Editing\7f298062
+Node: Introduction and Notation\7f299733
+Node: Readline Interaction\7f301356
+Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f302547
+Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f304330
+Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f305290
+Node: Readline Arguments\7f307208
+Node: Searching\7f308252
+Node: Readline Init File\7f310438
+Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f311585
+Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f331985
+Node: Sample Init File\7f336181
+Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f339298
+Node: Commands For Moving\7f340502
+Node: Commands For History\7f342351
+Node: Commands For Text\7f346646
+Node: Commands For Killing\7f350034
+Node: Numeric Arguments\7f352515
+Node: Commands For Completion\7f353654
+Node: Keyboard Macros\7f357845
+Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f358532
+Node: Readline vi Mode\7f364485
+Node: Programmable Completion\7f365392
+Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f372986
+Node: A Programmable Completion Example\7f383514
+Node: Using History Interactively\7f388754
+Node: Bash History Facilities\7f389438
+Node: Bash History Builtins\7f392443
+Node: History Interaction\7f396974
+Node: Event Designators\7f400041
+Node: Word Designators\7f401260
+Node: Modifiers\7f402897
+Node: Installing Bash\7f404299
+Node: Basic Installation\7f405436
+Node: Compilers and Options\7f408694
+Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f409435
+Node: Installation Names\7f411128
+Node: Specifying the System Type\7f411946
+Node: Sharing Defaults\7f412662
+Node: Operation Controls\7f413335
+Node: Optional Features\7f414293
+Node: Reporting Bugs\7f424811
+Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f426005
+Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f442857
+Node: Indexes\7f468034
+Node: Builtin Index\7f468488
+Node: Reserved Word Index\7f475315
+Node: Variable Index\7f477763
+Node: Function Index\7f493441
+Node: Concept Index\7f506744
\1f
End Tag Table
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-[149] [150] [151] Appendix A [152] Appendix B [153] [154] [155] [156] [157]
-[158] Appendix C [159]
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%%Page: 35 41
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%%Page: 113 119
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%%Page: 114 120
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(:)31 b Fb(21)150 2526 y Fe($_)16 b Fc(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)31 b Fb(21)150 2613 y Fe($0)16 b Fc(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
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(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(21)146 2876 y Fs(*)150 2994 y Fe(*)19
+(:)g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(22)146 2876 y Fs(*)150 2994 y Fe(*)19
b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
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g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)33 b
Fb(21)146 3248 y Fs({)150 3366 y Fe(-)19 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
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+g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)33 b Fb(22)146 3620 y Fs(?)150 3738
y Fe(?)19 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)33
156 4364 41 6 v 150 4482 a Fe(_)19 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
-(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)33 b Fb(21)146 4736 y Fs(0)150 4854 y
+(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)33 b Fb(22)146 4736 y Fs(0)150 4854 y
Fe(0)19 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)33
-b Fb(21)146 5108 y Fs(A)150 5226 y Fe(auto_resume)8 b
+b Fb(22)146 5108 y Fs(A)150 5226 y Fe(auto_resume)8 b
Fc(:)16 b(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
23 b Fb(105)2021 954 y Fs(B)2025 1074 y Fe(BASH)11 b
f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)30 b Fb(80)2025
602 y Fe(input-meta)11 b Fc(:)k(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
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Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)35 b Fb(80)2025 780 y Fe(isearch-terminators)26
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)36 b Fb(113)2025 3450
y Fe(match-hidden-files)7 b Fc(:)17 b(:)d(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)22
-b Fb(113)2025 3541 y Fe(menu-complete-display-prefix)17
+b Fb(114)2025 3541 y Fe(menu-complete-display-prefix)17
b Fc(:)h(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)31
b Fb(114)2025 3628 y Fe(meta-flag)13 b Fc(:)i(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)28 b Fb(112)2021
+g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)28 b Fb(113)2021
3947 y Fs(O)2025 4074 y Fe(OLDPWD)6 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21
g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37
b Fb(114)2025 347 y Fe(skip-completed-text)26 b Fc(:)13
b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(114)2021 675 y Fs(T)2025
+(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(115)2021 675 y Fs(T)2025
803 y Fe(TEXTDOMAIN)15 b Fc(:)g(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)30 b Fb(7)2025 894 y
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)37 b Fb(91)150 4832 y(arithmetic)26
b(expansion)11 b Fc(:)j(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26
-b Fb(30)150 4923 y(arithmetic,)h(shell)6 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
+b Fb(31)150 4923 y(arithmetic,)h(shell)6 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)20 b Fb(91)150 5010
y(arra)n(ys)h Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)35 b
Fb(5)2025 5008 y(brace)26 b(expansion)9 b Fc(:)k(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(22)2025 5095 y(builtin)15
+(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(23)2025 5095 y(builtin)15
b Fc(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)30 b Fb(3)p eop end
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(38)150 597 y(command)g(expansion)c
Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)36 b Fb(37)150
+(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)36 b Fb(38)150
687 y(command)26 b(history)18 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)33 b Fb(140)150 777 y(command)26 b(searc)n(h)16
f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)32 b Fb(107)150 3046 y(en)n(vironmen)n(t)18
b Fc(:)12 b(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
-f(:)32 b Fb(39)150 3136 y(ev)l(aluation,)26 b(arithmetic)12
+f(:)32 b Fb(40)150 3136 y(ev)l(aluation,)26 b(arithmetic)12
b Fc(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(91)150 3226
y(ev)n(en)n(t)f(designators)c Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)h(:)34 b Fb(143)150 3316 y(execution)26 b(en)n(vironmen)n(t)17
b Fc(:)12 b(:)h(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
-(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)31 b Fb(38)150 3405
+(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)31 b Fb(39)150 3405
y(exit)25 b(status)7 b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fb(3,)k(40)150 3495 y(expansion)9
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)24 b Fb(22)150 3585 y(expansion,)i(arithmetic)18
b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)32 b Fb(30)150 3674
+g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)32 b Fb(31)150 3674
y(expansion,)26 b(brace)16 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
-f(:)g(:)g(:)30 b Fb(22)150 3764 y(expansion,)c(\014lename)18
+f(:)g(:)g(:)30 b Fb(23)150 3764 y(expansion,)c(\014lename)18
b Fc(:)13 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)32 b Fb(31)150
+(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)32 b Fb(32)150
3854 y(expansion,)26 b(parameter)21 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
g(:)34 b Fb(24)150 3944 y(expansion,)26 b(pathname)7
b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
-(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fb(31)150
+(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)22 b Fb(32)150
4033 y(expansion,)k(tilde)14 b Fc(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28 b Fb(23)150 4123 y(expressions,)f(arithmetic)13
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)36
b Fb(3)2025 593 y(\014lename)26 b(expansion)11 b Fc(:)i(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(31)2025 682 y(foreground)9
+g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(32)2025 682 y(foreground)9
b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)24 b Fb(102)2025 769 y(functions,)i(shell)9 b
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)37 b Fb(19)150
1475 y(parameters,)27 b(p)r(ositional)7 b Fc(:)15 b(:)e(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
-f(:)g(:)21 b Fb(20)150 1562 y(parameters,)27 b(sp)r(ecial)7
+f(:)g(:)21 b Fb(21)150 1562 y(parameters,)27 b(sp)r(ecial)7
b Fc(:)14 b(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)21
b Fb(21)150 1649 y(pathname)k(expansion)18 b Fc(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-h(:)f(:)g(:)32 b Fb(31)150 1736 y(pattern)25 b(matc)n(hing)c
+h(:)f(:)g(:)32 b Fb(32)150 1736 y(pattern)25 b(matc)n(hing)c
Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)34
b Fb(32)150 1824 y(pip)r(eline)12 b Fc(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)26 b Fb(3)150 2259 y(pro)r(cess)h(substitution)11
b Fc(:)h(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(30)150
+h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)25 b Fb(31)150
2347 y(programmable)i(completion)8 b Fc(:)14 b(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)23
b Fb(131)150 2434 y(prompting)17 b Fc(:)c(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g
g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)26 b Fb(105)150 3325
y(redirection)13 b Fc(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fb(33)150 3412 y(reserv)n(ed)f(w)n
+g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)27 b Fb(34)150 3412 y(reserv)n(ed)f(w)n
(ord)13 b Fc(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)28 b Fb(3)150 3499 y(restricted)e(shell)14
g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)28
b Fb(4)2025 984 y(signal)f(handling)6 b Fc(:)13 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)
-g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fb(40)2025 1077
+g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)21 b Fb(41)2025 1077
y(sp)r(ecial)27 b(builtin)16 b Fc(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
g(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)31 b Fb(4,)26 b(71)2025 1170 y(startup)f(\014les)10
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
[-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
- attempted on a blank line.
-
- The process of applying these completion specifications when
- word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bm-\b-
+ attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option indicates that the
+ remaining options and actions should apply to completion on the
+ inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a command
+ delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name comple-
+ tion. If multiple options are supplied, the -\b-D\bD option takes
+ precedence over -\b-E\bE, and both take precedence of -\b-I\bI.
+
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bm-\b-
m\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
- -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (like adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
- if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
+ n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
+ if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
default).
- n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
+ n\bno\bos\bso\bor\brt\bt Tell readline not to sort the list of possible
completions alphabetically.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
- default) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
+ default) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
- generated, directory name completion is
- attempted and any matches are added to the
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ generated, directory name completion is
+ attempted and any matches are added to the
results of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
output is used as the possible completions.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When the function is executed, the
- first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose
- arguments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2)
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When the function is executed, the
+ first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose
+ arguments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2)
is the word being completed, and the third argument ($\b$3\b3)
- is the word preceding the word being completed on the
- current command line. When it finishes, the possible
- completions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bE-\b-
+ is the word preceding the word being completed on the
+ current command line. When it finishes, the possible
+ completions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bE-\b-
P\bPL\bLY\bY array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. Shell quoting is honored within _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
in order to provide a mechanism for the words to contain
- shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
- The possible completions are the members of the resul-
+ shell metacharacters or characters in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS.
+ The possible completions are the members of the resul-
tant list which match the word being completed.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
- an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bEI\bI] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
- are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
- options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
- described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
+ are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
+ options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
+ described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
- has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
- remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
- that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
-
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
+ remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ that is, completion attempted on a blank line. The -\b-I\bI option
+ indicates that the remaining options should apply to completion
+ on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a com-
+ mand delimiter such as ;\b; or |\b|, which is usually command name
+ completion.
+
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
- enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
+ enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
than or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\bln\bnr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
- with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
- are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
- will display the attributes and values of all variables having
+ with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options, other than -\b-f\bf and -\b-F\bF,
+ are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it
+ will display the attributes and values of all variables having
the attributes specified by the additional options. If no other
- options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the
- attributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option
- will restrict the display to shell functions. The -\b-F\bF option
- inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function
- name and attributes are printed. If the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option
- is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number
+ options are supplied with -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the
+ attributes and values of all shell variables. The -\b-f\bf option
+ will restrict the display to shell functions. The -\b-F\bF option
+ inhibits the display of function definitions; only the function
+ name and attributes are printed. If the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option
+ is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source file name and line number
where each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is defined are displayed as well. The -\b-F\bF option
- implies -\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces variables to be created or
+ implies -\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces variables to be created or
modified at the global scope, even when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a
- shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow-
+ shell function. It is ignored in all other cases. The follow-
ing options can be used to restrict output to variables with the
specified attribute or to give variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
- reference to another variable. That other variable is
- defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
- ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
- using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
- on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
+ -\b-n\bn Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute, making it a name
+ reference to another variable. That other variable is
+ defined by the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. All references, assign-
+ ments, and attribute modifications to _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, except those
+ using or changing the -\b-n\bn attribute itself, are performed
+ on the variable referenced by _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be's value. The nameref
attribute cannot be applied to array variables.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
- -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
- inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
- shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
+ -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
+ inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
+ shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
the exceptions that +\b+a\ba may not be used to destroy an array vari-
- able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
+ able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
in a function, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt make each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with
the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a vari-
- able name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable is
- set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assignment
- syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not
+ able name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable is
+ set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. When using -\b-a\ba or -\b-A\bA and the compound assignment
+ syntax to create array variables, additional attributes do not
take effect until subsequent assignments. The return value is 0
- unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to
- define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to
- assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to
- assign a value to an array variable without using the compound
- assignment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
- valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
- only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
+ unless an invalid option is encountered, an attempt is made to
+ define a function using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to
+ assign a value to a readonly variable, an attempt is made to
+ assign a value to an array variable without using the compound
+ assignment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a
+ valid shell variable name, an attempt is made to turn off read-
+ only status for a readonly variable, an attempt is made to turn
off array status for an array variable, or an attempt is made to
display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b] [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
- directories. The default display is on a single line with
- directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
- the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
- entries from the list. The current directory is always the
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
+ directories. The default display is on a single line with
+ directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
+ the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
+ entries from the list. The current directory is always the
first directory in the stack.
-\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
entries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ... | _\bp_\bi_\bd ... ]
- Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
- jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
- option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
- is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
- marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell
- receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option
- means to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return
+ Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
+ jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br
+ option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh option
+ is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but is
+ marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell
+ receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option
+ means to remove or mark all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts operation to running jobs. The return
value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
- The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option
- is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
- characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
- tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
- interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
- to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these
- escape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to
- mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape
+ is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
+ characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
+ tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
+ interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
+ to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these
+ escape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to
+ mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape
sequences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
- The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
+ The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
- ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
- is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
- plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
- tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
- output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
- value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
- ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
+ ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
_\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
- file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
- effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ file cannot be executed. A subshell exits unconditionally if
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redirections take
+ effect in the current shell, and the return status is 0. If
there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
- variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
+ variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable name is followed by
=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns
an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one
- of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
+ of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
plied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
- from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
- them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
- the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
- index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
- an offset from the current command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not
+ The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
+ from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+ them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
+ the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
+ an offset from the current command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not
specified, it is set to the current command for listing (so that
- ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt other-
+ ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt other-
wise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified, it is set to the previous com-
mand for editing and -16 for listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
- so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted the same as
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
+ so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
- invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bs]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
- expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
- by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
- be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
+ expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
+ by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
+ be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
- 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
- option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
- the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
- cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
+ 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
+ option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
+ the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
+ cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame-
ters is to be used.
- When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
- return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
+ When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
+ return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
the first non-option argument, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
arguments are given in _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those instead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
- causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
- option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
- which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
- hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
+ is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
+ option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
+ which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
+ hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments
- are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
- bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
+ are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
+ bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
- Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
+ Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
is negative, it is interpreted as relative to one greater
than the last history position, so negative indices count
- back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
+ back from the end of the history, and an index of -1
refers to the current h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-d\bd command.
-\b-d\bd _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt-_\be_\bn_\bd
- Delete the history entries between positions _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and
- _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt
+ Delete the history entries between positions _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt and
+ _\be_\bn_\bd, inclusive. Positive and negative values for _\bs_\bt_\ba_\br_\bt
and _\be_\bn_\bd are interpreted as described above.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
- These are history lines entered since the beginning of
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines to the history file.
+ These are history lines entered since the beginning of
the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session, but not already appended to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines
- appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines
+ appended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
- -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
the current history list.
-\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the following history entry. The return value is
0 unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion supplied as
an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, returning its exit status.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl|-\b-L\bL [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
- equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
- successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. The -\b-L\bL option is
+ equivalent to -\b-l\bl. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true if at least one signal was
+ successfully sent, or false if an error occurs or an invalid
option is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ... | - ]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
- tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
- is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
- options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function are
- restored to their original values when the function returns.
- With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables to the
- standard output. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ tion and its children. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is -, the set of shell options
+ is made local to the function in which l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is invoked: shell
+ options changed using the s\bse\bet\bt builtin inside the function are
+ restored to their original values when the function returns.
+ With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of local variables to the
+ standard output. It is an error to use l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a
function. The return status is 0 unless l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a
- function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly
+ function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied, or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly
variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk] [-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
- input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ -\b-d\bd The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate each
+ input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
string, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
- -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
+ -\b-t\bt Remove a trailing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm (default newline) from each line
read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
- Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
- removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
+ Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+ removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow-
ing meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
- directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
- and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
+ and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis-
tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
fails.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) format specifications, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
interprets the following extensions:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in the same way as e\bec\bch\bho\bo -\b-e\be.
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
- -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no
- argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had
- been given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked. If no
+ argument is specified, conversion behaves as if -1 had
+ been given. This is an exception to the usual p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
behavior.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
- directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two
- directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ directory. With no arguments, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd exchanges the top two
+ directories and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty.
Arguments, if supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
- or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when rotating
+ or adding directories to the stack, so that only the
stack is manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
- new current working directory as if it had been supplied
+ new current working directory as if it had been supplied
as the argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin.
If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
- fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
- occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
- descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split
- into words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, split
+ into words as described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on. If there are more words than names, the
remaining words and their intervening delimiters are assigned to
- the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
- stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
- ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
+ the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer words read from the input
+ stream than names, the remaining names are assigned empty val-
+ ues. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to split the line into
words using the same rules the shell uses for expansion
(described above under W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg). The backslash character
(\\b\) may be used to remove any special meaning for the next char-
- acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
+ acter read and for line continuation. Options, if supplied,
have the following meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
ignored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
- input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
- string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ input line, rather than newline. If _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is the empty
+ string, r\bre\bea\bad\bd will terminate a line when it reads a NUL
character.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
- not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read-
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ not previously active) editing settings, but uses Read-
line's default filename completion.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input, but honors a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- are read. The result is not split on the characters in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ are read. The result is not split on the characters in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS; the intent is that the variable is assigned exactly
the characters read (with the exception of backslash; see
the -\b-r\br option below).
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
- not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
- mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
- mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
- reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
- file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input (or a specified number of characters) is
+ not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt may be a deci-
+ mal number with a fractional portion following the deci-
+ mal point. This option is only effective if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is
+ reading input from a terminal, pipe, or other special
+ file; it has no effect when reading from regular files.
If r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, r\bre\bea\bad\bd saves any partial input read into
- the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- returns immediately, without trying to read any data.
- The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
- fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta-
+ the specified variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ returns immediately, without trying to read any data.
+ The exit status is 0 if input is available on the speci-
+ fied file descriptor, non-zero otherwise. The exit sta-
tus is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
- able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is
+ able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The exit status is zero, unless end-of-file is
encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the status is greater
- than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a
+ than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a
readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is sup-
plied as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
- arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
- arrays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If
- no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
+ arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
+ arrays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If
+ no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
- used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
- names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+ used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
+ names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+ that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
- fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
- that of the last command executed in the function body. If
- r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to
- determine the status is the last command executed before the
- trap handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the
- last command used to determine the status is the last command
- executed by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If
- r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is used outside a function, but during execution of a
- script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop
- executing that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of
- the last command executed within the script as the exit status
- of the script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least
- significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is
- supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function
- and not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any com-
- mand associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execu-
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed by a trap handler, the last command used to
+ determine the status is the last command executed before the
+ trap handler. If r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed during a D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap, the
+ last command used to determine the status is the last command
+ executed by the trap handler before r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn was invoked. If
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is used outside a function, but during execution of a
+ script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop
+ executing that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of
+ the last command executed within the script as the exit status
+ of the script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least
+ significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is
+ supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function
+ and not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any com-
+ mand associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execu-
tion resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
- options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
- $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
+ $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
meanings:
-\b-a\ba Each variable or function that is created or modified is
- given the export attribute and marked for export to the
+ given the export attribute and marked for export to the
environment of subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
(see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero status.
- The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
- part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
- or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
- e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
- &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
+ The shell does not exit if the command that fails is
+ part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be
+ or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the i\bif\bf or
+ e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed in a
+ &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the final &\b&&\b&
or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last, or if the
- command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
- compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
- zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
- ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
- set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
+ command's return value is being inverted with !\b!. If a
+ compound command other than a subshell returns a non-
+ zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was being
+ ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if
+ set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
- If a compound command or shell function executes in a
- context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
- executed within the compound command or function body
- will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
- and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
- command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
- context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
- any effect until the compound command or the command
+ If a compound command or shell function executes in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is being ignored, none of the commands
+ executed within the compound command or function body
+ will be affected by the -\b-e\be setting, even if -\b-e\be is set
+ and a command returns a failure status. If a compound
+ command or shell function sets -\b-e\be while executing in a
+ context where -\b-e\be is ignored, that setting will not have
+ any effect until the compound command or the command
containing the function call completes.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
- match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be). See S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
below for a reference to a document that details
how posix mode affects bash's behavior.
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
- unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
- ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
+ Toggle the values of settings controlling optional shell behav-
+ ior. The settings can be either those listed below, or, if the
-\b-o\bo option is used, those available with the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list
- of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
+ of all settable options is displayed, with an indication of
whether or not each is set; if _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the output
- is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
- be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other
+ is restricted to those options. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to
+ be displayed in a form that may be reused as input. Other
options have the following meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
a\bas\bss\bso\boc\bc_\b_e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_o\bon\bnc\bce\be
- If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of
- associative array subscripts during arithmetic expres-
- sion evaluation and while executing builtins that can
+ If set, the shell suppresses multiple evaluation of
+ associative array subscripts during arithmetic expres-
+ sion evaluation and while executing builtins that can
perform variable assignments.
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
- (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each external
+ (non-builtin) command and, if necessary, updates the
values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
- easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
- enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ easy re-editing of multi-line commands. This option is
+ enabled by default, but only has an effect if command
history is enabled, as described above under H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
- with respect to quoted arguments to the [\b[[\b[ conditional
+ with respect to quoted arguments to the [\b[[\b[ conditional
command's =\b=~\b~ operator and locale-specific string compar-
- ison when using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b>
- operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII
+ ison when using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b>
+ operators. Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII
collation and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the cur-
rent locale's collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
- (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
- command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue
- with the next command in the list after one terminates
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
+ (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
+ command list. Bash versions 3.2 and earlier continue
+ with the next command in the list after one terminates
due to an interrupt.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
- (see description of c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1) and the effect of inter-
- rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later
- interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter-
- rupt; previous versions continue with the next command
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
+ (see description of c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1) and the effect of inter-
+ rupting a command list. Bash versions 4.0 and later
+ interrupt the list as if the shell received the inter-
+ rupt; previous versions continue with the next command
in the list.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, treats a single quote
- in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
- character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
- ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
- considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
- through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, treats a single quote
+ in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
+ character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
+ ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
+ considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
+ through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
as in previous versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b42\b2
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not process the replacement string in
- the pattern substitution word expansion using quote
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not process the replacement string in
+ the pattern substitution word expansion using quote
removal.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b43\b3
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not print a warning message if an
- attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign-
- ment as an argument to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, makes word expansion
- errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command
- to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not print a warning message if an
+ attempt is made to use a quoted compound array assign-
+ ment as an argument to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, makes word expansion
+ errors non-fatal errors that cause the current command
+ to fail (the default behavior is to make them fatal
errors that cause the shell to exit), and does not reset
- the loop state when a shell function is executed (this
- allows b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in a shell function to affect
+ the loop state when a shell function is executed (this
+ allows b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk or c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be in a shell function to affect
loops in the caller's context).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b44\b4
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh saves the positional parameters to
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh saves the positional parameters to
BASH_ARGV and BASH_ARGC before they are used, regardless
of whether or not extended debugging mode is enabled.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that
- expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that
+ expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
- This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
- fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ This changes the contents of the readline editing buf-
+ fer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
- the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
- and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ the results of pathname expansion. The filenames `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b'
+ and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' must always be matched explicitly, even if
d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is set.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the
- debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to
- the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set after invocation, behav-
+ If set at shell invocation, arrange to execute the
+ debugger profile before the shell starts, identical to
+ the -\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br option. If set after invocation, behav-
ior intended for use by debuggers is enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), the shell
simulates a call to r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
- bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
- as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching
+ bracket expressions (see P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave
+ as if in the traditional C locale when performing com-
parisons. That is, the current locale's collating
- sequence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not col-
- late between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case
+ sequence is not taken into account, so b\bb will not col-
+ late between A\bA and B\bB, and upper-case and lower-case
ASCII characters will collate together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt_\b_e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt
- If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
- e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
- environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
+ If set, command substitution inherits the value of the
+ e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option, instead of unsetting it in the subshell
+ environment. This option is enabled when _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is
enabled.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\blv\bva\bar\br_\b_i\bin\bnh\bhe\ber\bri\bit\bt
If set, local variables inherit the value and attributes
of a variable of the same name that exists at a previous
- scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref
+ scope before any new value is assigned. The nameref
attribute is not inherited.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands, when performing pattern substi-
- tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
+ tution word expansions, or when filtering possible com-
pletions as part of programmable completion.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and op-
- erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
- depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
ishes executing.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a
pipeline (which may consist of a single simple command), a list,
or a compound command returns a non-zero exit status, subject to
- the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
+ the following conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the
failed command is part of the command list immediately following
- a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
+ a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement,
part of a command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command
- following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
- last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
- !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be)
+ following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the
+ last, or if the command's return value is being inverted using
+ !\b!. These are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt (-\b-e\be)
option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
- reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
+ reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
- ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
- used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
+ ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
+ used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
the -\b-p\bp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
- not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
+ not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
function lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true
if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bSa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bik\bkl\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bxP\bPT\bT [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-k\bk The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-P\bP The maximum number of pseudoterminals
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
- new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
- then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
- for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte
- blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values;
- and, when in Posix mode, -\b-c\bc and -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte incre-
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte
+ blocks; -\b-P\bP, -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-k\bk, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values;
+ and, when in posix mode, -\b-c\bc and -\b-f\bf, which are in 512-byte incre-
ments. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argu-
ment is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [-n\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
- is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
- has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
- unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bN-\b-
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. If the -\b-n\bn option
+ is supplied, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a variable with the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\br_\be_\bf attribute,
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be will be unset rather than the variable it references. -\b-n\bn
+ has no effect if the -\b-f\bf option is supplied. If no options are
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
+ unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bN-\b-
D\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bi_\bd _\b._\b._\b.]
Wait for each specified child process and return its termination
- status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
- a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ status. Each _\bi_\bd may be a process ID or a job specification; if
+ a job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
waited for. If _\bi_\bd is not given, all currently active child pro-
cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If the -\b-n\bn
- option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for any job to terminate and
- returns its exit status. If the -\b-f\bf option is supplied, and job
+ option is supplied, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt waits for any job to terminate and
+ returns its exit status. If the -\b-f\bf option is supplied, and job
control is enabled, w\bwa\bai\bit\bt forces _\bi_\bd to terminate before returning
- its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If _\bi_\bd
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ its status, instead of returning when it changes status. If _\bi_\bd
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.22.3
-%%CreationDate: Mon Mar 19 09:43:23 2018
+%%CreationDate: Fri Jun 8 16:15:59 2018
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
(will be displayed.)2.5 E(The return v)144 489.6 Q
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid option is supplied, or no matches were generated.).25 E F2
-(complete)108 506.4 Q F0([)3.728 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.728(][)C
-F2<ad6f>-3.728 E F3(comp-option)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2(\255DE)-3.728 E
-F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad41>-3.728 E F3(action)3.728 E F0 3.728(][)C F2<ad47>
--3.728 E F3(globpat)3.728 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad57>-3.729 E F3(wor)3.729
-E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.729(][)C F2<ad46>-3.729 E F3(func-)3.729 E(tion)108
-518.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)144 530.4 Q
-F2<ad58>A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F3(pr)2.5 E
-(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78>-.18 E F0(])
-A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name ...)A F0(])A F2(complete \255pr)108
-542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DE)A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E
-.634(Specify ho)144 554.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G -.18(rg)-3.134 G .634
-(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.134 E F0 .634(should be completed.)3.134
-F .633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0 .633
-(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)144
-566.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)-.15
-F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31(reused as input.)
-144 578.4 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3
-(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C 1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E
-F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346
+(complete)108 506.4 Q F0([)3.404 E F2(\255abcdefgjksuv)A F0 3.404(][)C
+F2<ad6f>-3.404 E F3(comp-option)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2(\255DEI)-3.404
+E F0 3.404(][)C F2<ad41>-3.404 E F3(action)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2
+<ad47>-3.404 E F3(globpat)3.404 E F0 3.404(][)C F2<ad57>-3.404 E F3(wor)
+3.404 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 3.405(][)C F2<ad46>-3.405 E F3(func-)3.405 E
+(tion)108 518.4 Q F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F3(command)2.5 E F0(])A([)
+144 530.4 Q F2<ad58>A F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad50>-2.5 E F3
+(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F3(suf)2.5 E<8c78>
+-.18 E F0(])A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(name ...)A F0(])A F2
+(complete \255pr)108 542.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255DEI)A F0 2.5(][)C F3
+(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .634(Specify ho)144 554.4 R 3.134(wa)-.25 G
+-.18(rg)-3.134 G .634(uments to each).18 F F3(name)3.134 E F0 .634
+(should be completed.)3.134 F .633(If the)5.634 F F2<ad70>3.133 E F0
+.633(option is supplied, or if no)3.133 F .139(options are supplied, e)
+144 566.4 R .139(xisting completion speci\214cations are printed in a w)
+-.15 F .14(ay that allo)-.1 F .14(ws them to be)-.25 F .31
+(reused as input.)144 578.4 R(The)5.31 E F2<ad72>2.81 E F0 .31
+(option remo)2.81 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.81(sac).15 G .31
+(ompletion speci\214cation for each)-2.81 F F3(name)2.81 E F0 2.81(,o)C
+1.11 -.4(r, i)-2.81 H 2.81(fn).4 G(o)-2.81 E F3(name)2.81 E F0(s)A 1.346
(are supplied, all completion speci\214cations.)144 590.4 R(The)6.347 E
F2<ad44>3.847 E F0 1.347(option indicates that the remaining options)
3.847 F .5(and actions should apply to the `)144 602.4 R(`def)-.74 E
(option indicates that)3.455 F .065
(the remaining options and actions should apply to `)144 626.4 R
(`empty')-.74 E 2.564('c)-.74 G .064
-(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F
-(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 638.4 Q 1.437
+(ommand completion; that is, comple-)-2.564 F 1.373
+(tion attempted on a blank line.)144 638.4 R(The)6.373 E F2<ad49>3.873 E
+F0 1.374(option indicates that the remaining options and actions)3.873 F
+1.335(should apply to completion on the inital non-assignment w)144
+650.4 R 1.334(ord on the line, or after a command)-.1 F .43
+(delimiter such as)144 662.4 R F2(;)2.93 E F0(or)2.93 E F2(|)2.93 E F0
+2.93(,w)C .431(hich is usually command name completion.)-2.93 F .431
+(If multiple options are sup-)5.431 F(plied, the)144 674.4 Q F2<ad44>2.5
+E F0(option tak)2.5 E(es precedence o)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(r).15 E F2
+<ad45>2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd both tak)-2.5 E 2.5(ep)-.1 G(recedence of)
+-2.5 E F2<ad49>2.5 E F0(.)A 1.438
(The process of applying these completion speci\214cations when w)144
-662.4 R 1.438(ord completion is attempted is)-.1 F(described abo)144
-674.4 Q .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(Pr)2.5 E
-(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(.)A .556
-(Other options, if speci\214ed, ha)144 698.4 R .856 -.15(ve t)-.2 H .555
-(he follo).15 F .555(wing meanings.)-.25 F .555(The ar)5.555 F .555
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384 Q F0(Alias names.)224 384 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>
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420 Q F0(Alias names.)224 420 Q(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad61>
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(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
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-(The shell function)184 180 R F2(function)2.614 E F0 .114(is e)2.614 F
+184 192 Q F1<ad46>144 204 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 .114
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-(vironment. When)-.4 F .114(the func-)2.614 F .817(tion is e)184 192 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .817(cuted, the \214rst ar).15 F .817(gument \()-.18 F F1
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-(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .101(mand line.)184 228 R
-.101(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.101 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.602(df).15 G .102(rom the v)-2.602 F .102(alue of the)
--.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 240 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25
-E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 252 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008
-(The pathname e)184 264 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507
-E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)
--.15 F(tions.)184 276 Q F1<ad50>144 288 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
-184 300 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
+(ord being completed, and the)-.1 F .103(third ar)184 252 R .103
+(gument \()-.18 F F1($3)A F0 2.603(\)i)C 2.603(st)-2.603 G .103(he w)
+-2.603 F .104(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .104
+(ord being completed on the current com-)-.1 F .102(mand line.)184 264 R
+.102(When it \214nishes, the possible completions are retrie)5.102 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the)
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+E(ariable.)-.25 E F1<ad47>144 288 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.007
+(The pathname e)184 300 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507
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+-.15 F(tions.)184 312 Q F1<ad50>144 324 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
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(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 312 Q F1<ad53>144 324 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
-<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 324 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 348 Q F1<ad53>144 360 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
+<8c78>-.18 E(suf)184 360 Q<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 336 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 348 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
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-(each resultant w)184 360 R .98(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)-.15
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-(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .765
+E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 372 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
+(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 384 Q F2(wor)3.639 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
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+(each resultant w)184 396 R .981(ord is e)-.1 F 3.481(xpanded. Shell)
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+E F0 3.48(,i)C 3.48(no)-3.48 G .98(rder to)-3.48 F(pro)184 408 Q .765
+(vide a mechanism for the w)-.15 F .766
(ords to contain shell metacharacters or characters in the)-.1 F -.25
-(va)184 384 S 1.964(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.464 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
+(va)184 420 S 1.965(lue of).25 F F3(IFS)4.465 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
A F0 1.964
(The possible completions are the members of the resultant list which)
-6.464 F(match the w)184 396 Q(ord being completed.)-.1 E F1<ad58>144 408
-Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 420 Q F0 .456
-(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
-.455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 432 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 444 Q F2(\214lterpat)
-3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
-(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
-(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 456 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
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+Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 456 Q F0 .455
+(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.955 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
+.456(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
+(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 468 R 1.596
+(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 480 Q F2(\214lterpat)
+3.204 E F0 .704(is remo)3.204 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.204(df).15 G .704
+(rom the list.)-3.204 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
+(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.205 E F0(ne)3.205 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .705
+(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 492 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 472.8 R .466
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .467(The return v)144 508.8 R .467
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
-(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
-(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
-(plied without a)144 484.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
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703.2 Q F1<ad64>
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715.2 R F1<ad70>
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180 R F1<ad70>
2.898 E F0 .399(option is supplied, a list of shell b)2.899 F .399
(uiltins is printed.)-.2 F -.4(Wi)5.399 G .399(th no other option ar).4
F .399(guments, the)-.18 F .099(list consists of all enabled shell b)144
-
727.2 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098
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192 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098
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(re read and concatenated together into a single command.)-3.171 F .67
-(This command is then read)5.67 F .495(and e)144 160.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
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.495(cuted by the shell, and its e).15 F .495
(xit status is returned as the v)-.15 F .495(alue of)-.25 F F1 -2.3 -.15
(ev a)2.995 H(l).15 E F0 5.495(.I)C 2.995(ft)-5.495 G .495(here are no)
--2.995 F F2(ar)2.995 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E(or only null ar)144 172.8 Q
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(guments,)-.18 E F1 -2.3 -.15(ev a)2.5 H(l).15 E F0(returns 0.)2.5 E F1
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189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
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309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
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-(ginning of)-.15 F .5(the zeroth ar)144 225.6 R .5(gument passed to)-.18
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(to be e)3.908 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .638(cuted with an empty en).15 F 3.138
(vironment. If)-.4 F F1<ad61>3.138 E F0 .638
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(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted command.).15 F(If)6.077 E F2(command)3.777 E F0
1.077(cannot be e)4.347 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.077(cuted for some reason, a)
-.15 F(non-interacti)144 261.6 Q .876 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .576(hell e).15 F
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(shell option is enabled.)3.077 F .577(In that case, it returns f)5.577
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F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.32(cuted. A).15 F .82(subshell e)3.32 F .82
-(xits uncondi-)-.15 F .287(tionally if)144 285.6 R F1(exec)2.787 E F0
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-2.788 F 2.788(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-2.788 G .288(ect in the current shell,)
-.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 297.6 Q
+.25 F(and the return status is 0.)144 417.6 Q
(If there is a redirection error)5 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G
-(he return status is 1.)-2.5 E F1(exit)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .096(Cause the shell to e)144 314.4 R .096(xit with a status of)
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-.15 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 5.096(.I)C(f)-5.096 E F2(n)2.955 E F0 .095
(is omitted, the e)2.835 F .095(xit status is that of the last command)
--.15 F -.15(exe)144 326.4 S 2.5(cuted. A).15 F(trap on)2.5 E/F3 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXIT)2.5 E F0(is e)2.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted before the shell terminates.).15 E F1(export)108 343.2 Q F0([)2.5
-E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][).833 G F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E
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-(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 2.627(commands. If)144 379.2 R(the)2.627 E F1
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-.15 F F2(names)2.987 E F0 .127(refer to functions.)2.897 F .127(If no)
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-(option is supplied, a list of names of all e)2.547 F .048(xported v)
--.15 F .048(ariables is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.048 E F1<ad6e>2.548 E F0
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F F1<ad66>2.531 E F0 .031(is supplied with a)2.531 F F2(name)2.891 E F0
-(that)2.711 E(is not a function.)144 439.2 Q F1(fc)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E
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-492 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .142(cutes them.).15 F F2 -.45(Fi)5.141 G -.1(rs)
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.45 G(t).1 E F0(and)3.321 E F2(last)2.731 E F0 .141
(may be speci\214ed as a string \(to locate the last command)3.321 F(be)
-144 504 Q .31(ginning with that string\) or as a number \(an inde)-.15 F
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2.811(xi)-.15 G .311(nto the history list, where a ne)-2.811 F -.05(ga)
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-(vious command for editing and \25516 for listing.)-.25 E(The)144 564 Q
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F1<ad6e>2.522 E F0 .022
(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
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-(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 576 R .438(If the)5.438
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F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
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-(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F
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(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665
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(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392
(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893
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1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F1(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165
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-(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 345.6 Q F1
-<ad64>144 357.6 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39
-(Delete the history entry at position)180 369.6 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad63>144 482.4 Q F0
+(Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.)180 482.4 Q F1
+<ad64>144 494.4 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .39
+(Delete the history entry at position)180 506.4 R F2(of)2.889 E(fset)
-.18 E F0 5.389(.I)C(f)-5.389 E F2(of)2.889 E(fset)-.18 E F0 .389(is ne)
2.889 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.889(,i).15 G 2.889(ti)
-2.889 G 2.889(si)-2.889 G .389(nterpreted as relati)-2.889 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G .598(to one greater than the last history position, so ne)180
-381.6 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599
-(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 393.6 Q 2.5(,a)
+518.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .899 -.15(ve i)-.25 H .599
+(ndices count back from the end).15 F(of the history)180 530.4 Q 2.5(,a)
-.65 G(nd an inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5<66ad>-2.5 G 2.5(1r)-2.5 G
(efers to the current)-2.5 E F1(history -d)2.5 E F0(command.)2.5 E F1
-<ad64>144
405.6 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .758
-(Delete the history entries between positions)180 417.6 R F2(start)3.258
+<ad64>144
542.4 Q F2(start)2.5 E F0<ad>A F2(end)A F0 .758
+(Delete the history entries between positions)180 554.4 R F2(start)3.258
E F0(and)3.257 E F2(end)3.257 E F0 3.257(,i)C(nclusi)-3.257 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G 5.757(.P).15 G(ositi)-5.757 E 1.057 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .757(nd ne)
-.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 429.6 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H
+.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(-).05 E(ti)180 566.4 Q .3 -.15(ve v)-.25 H
(alues for)-.1 E F2(start)2.5 E F0(and)2.5 E F2(end)2.5 E F0
(are interpreted as described abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1<ad61>
-144 441.6 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 441.6 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064
+144 578.4 Q F0 .564(Append the `)180 578.4 R(`ne)-.74 E(w')-.25 E 3.064
('h)-.74 G .564(istory lines to the history \214le.)-3.064 F .565
-(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 453.6 Q
+(These are history lines entered since)5.564 F(the be)180 590.4 Q
(ginning of the current)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(session, b)2.5 E
-(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 465.6
+(ut not already appended to the history \214le.)-.2 E F1<ad6e>144 602.4
Q F0 .854(Read the history lines not already read from the history \214\
-le into the current history list.)180 465.6 R .772
-(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 477.6 R
+le into the current history list.)180 602.4 R .772
+(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 614.4 R
.773(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)3.273 E F0(ses-)3.273 E
-(sion.)180 489.6 Q F1<ad72>144 501.6 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\
-ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 501.6 Q F1
-<ad77>144 513.6 Q F0
-(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 513.6 Q
+(sion.)180 626.4 Q F1<ad72>144 638.4 Q F0(Read the contents of the hist\
+ory \214le and append them to the current history list.)180 638.4 Q F1
+<ad77>144 650.4 Q F0
+(Write the current history list to the history \214le, o)180 650.4 Q
-.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the history \214le').15 E 2.5(sc)-.55 G
-(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 525.6 Q F0 .626
-(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 525.6 R(wing)-.25 E F2
+(ontents.)-2.5 E F1<ad70>144 662.4 Q F0 .626
+(Perform history substitution on the follo)180 662.4 R(wing)-.25 E F2
(ar)3.125 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .625(and display the result on the standard)
-3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 537.6 R .475
+3.125 F 2.975(output. Does)180 674.4 R .475
(not store the results in the history list.)2.975 F(Each)5.475 E F2(ar)
2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
-(normal history e)180 549.6 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 561.6 Q F0
-.363(Store the)180 561.6 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
+(normal history e)180 686.4 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1<ad73>144 698.4 Q F0
+.363(Store the)180 698.4 R F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
(in the history list as a single entry)3.133 F 5.363(.T)-.65 G .362
-(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 573.6 Q -.15
+(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 710.4 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
-(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 590.4 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)
+(are added.)2.77 E .145(If the)144 727.2 R F3(HISTTIMEFORMA)2.645 E(T)
-.855 E F0 -.25(va)2.395 G .145
(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
-.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 602.4 R .669
-(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668
-(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 614.4 R .956
-(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956
-(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796
-(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 626.4 R 1.795
-(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F
-1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 638.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid \
-option is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the his\
-tory \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E F2(of)144 650.4 Q(fset)
--.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1
-<ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531
-F 1.031(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F1
-<ad70>3.531 E F0 -.1(fa)144 662.4 S(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 679.2 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1
-(jobs \255x)108 691.2 Q F2(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37
-E F0(... ])2.5 E(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 703.2 Q .3 -.15
-(ve j)-.25 H 2.5(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 715.2 Q F0
-(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 715.2 Q
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+.25 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(10)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 11 11
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad6e>144 84 Q F0 .193
-(Display information only about jobs that ha)180 84 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2
-H .194(hanged status since the user w).15 F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F
-(\214ed of their status.)180 96 Q F1<ad70>144 108 Q F0
-(List only the process ID of the job')180 108 Q 2.5(sp)-.55 G
-(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad72>144 120 Q F0
-(Display only running jobs.)180 120 Q F1<ad73>144 132 Q F0
-(Display only stopped jobs.)180 132 Q(If)144 148.8 Q/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(jobspec)4.554 E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.314(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313
-(.T)-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 160.8 Q
--.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G
-(lid).25 E F2(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144
-177.6 R F1<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F1(jobs)
-2.894 E F0 .394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F2(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394
-(found in)3.204 F F2(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F2(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37
-E F0 .395(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144
-189.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E
-F2(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)
--.15 E F1(kill)108 206.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)
-2.5 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A
-F0 2.5(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)
--2.5 E F1(kill \255l)108 218.4 Q F0(|)A F1<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F2(sigspec)
-A F0(|)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12
-(Send the signal named by)144 230.4 R F2(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F2
-(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F2(pid)3.869 E
-F0(or)3.389 E F2(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F2(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)
-2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 242.4 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .669
+(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 84 R .669
+(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668
+(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 96 R .956
+(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956
+(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F 1.796
+(are interpreted as timestamps for the follo)144 108 R 1.795
+(wing history entry)-.25 F 6.795(.T)-.65 G 1.795(he return v)-6.795 F
+1.795(alue is 0 unless an)-.25 F(in)144 120 Q -.25(va)-.4 G .768(lid op\
+tion is encountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the histo\
+ry \214le, an in).25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+(of)144 132 Q(fset)-.18 E F0 1.032(is supplied as an ar)3.532 F 1.031
+(gument to)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>3.531 E F0 3.531(,o)C 3.531
+(rt)-3.531 G 1.031(he history e)-3.531 F 1.031
+(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 F 1.031(gument to)-.18 F F2<ad70>3.531
+E F0 -.1(fa)144 144 S(ils.).1 E F2(jobs)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
+(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F2(jobs \255x)108
+172.8 Q F1(command)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0(... ])2.5 E
+(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 184.8 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5
+(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6c>144 196.8 Q F0
+(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)180 196.8 Q F2
+<ad6e>144 208.8 Q F0 .193(Display information only about jobs that ha)
+180 208.8 R .494 -.15(ve c)-.2 H .194(hanged status since the user w).15
+F .194(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 220.8 Q F2<ad70>
+144 232.8 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')180 232.8 Q 2.5(sp)
+-.55 G(rocess group leader)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E F2<ad72>144 244.8 Q F0
+(Display only running jobs.)180 244.8 Q F2<ad73>144 256.8 Q F0
+(Display only stopped jobs.)180 256.8 Q(If)144 273.6 Q F1(jobspec)4.554
+E F0 .314(is gi)3.124 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .314
+(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T)
+-.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 285.6 Q -.25
+(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
+E F1(jobspec)4.24 E F0(is supplied.)2.81 E .394(If the)144 302.4 R F2
+<ad78>2.894 E F0 .394(option is supplied,)2.894 F F2(jobs)2.894 E F0
+.394(replaces an)2.894 F(y)-.15 E F1(jobspec)4.634 E F0 .394(found in)
+3.204 F F1(command)3.094 E F0(or)3.664 E F1(ar)3.224 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .395
+(with the corre-)3.164 F(sponding process group ID, and e)144 314.4 Q
+-.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F1(command)2.7 E F0(passing it)3.27 E F1(ar)
+2.5 E(gs)-.37 E F0 2.5(,r).27 G(eturning its e)-2.5 E(xit status.)-.15 E
+F2(kill)108 331.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2<ad73>A F1(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2
+<ad6e>2.5 E F1(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2<ad>2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0 2.5
+(][)C F1(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F2
+(kill \255l)108 343.2 Q F0(|)A F2<ad4c>A F0([)2.5 E F1(sigspec)A F0(|)
+2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(it_status).2 E F0(])A .12
+(Send the signal named by)144 355.2 R F1(sigspec)2.96 E F0(or)2.93 E F1
+(signum)2.96 E F0 .119(to the processes named by)2.939 F F1(pid)3.869 E
+F0(or)3.389 E F1(jobspec)2.619 E F0(.).31 E F1(sigspec)5.459 E F0(is)
+2.929 E .318(either a case-insensiti)144 367.2 R .618 -.15(ve s)-.25 H
.318(ignal name such as).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0
.319(\(with or without the)2.569 F F3(SIG)2.819 E F0 .319
-(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 254.4 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0
-1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
+(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 379.2 Q F1(signum)4.189 E F0
+1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F1(sigspec)
4.189 E F0 1.349(is not present, then)4.159 F F3(SIGTERM)3.849 E F0
-1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 266.4 Q .522(gument of)-.18
-F F
1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)
+1.348(is assumed.)3.599 F(An)6.348 E(ar)144 391.2 Q .522(gument of)-.18
+F F
2<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)
5.523 F 3.023(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.023 G .523(uments are supplied when)
-.18 F F
1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523
-(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 278.4
+.18 F F
2<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523
+(n, the names).15 F .28(of the signals corresponding to the ar)144 403.2
R .28(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E
-F2 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 290.4 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F
+F1 -.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 415.2 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F
(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 302.4
-R(The)5.962 E F
1<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)
--.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F1<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F1(kill)5.962 E F0 .962
+(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .963(nated by a signal.)144 427.2
+R(The)5.962 E F
2<ad4c>3.462 E F0 .962(option is equi)3.462 F -.25(va)
+-.25 G .962(lent to).25 F F2<ad6c>3.462 E F0(.)A F2(kill)5.962 E F0 .962
(returns true if at least one signal w)3.462 F(as)-.1 E
-(successfully sent, or f)144 314.4 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)
--.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F1(let)108 331.2 Q
-F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144
-343.2 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197
+(successfully sent, or f)144 439.2 Q(alse if an error occurs or an in)
+-.1 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25 E F2(let)108 456 Q F1
+(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E(Each)144
+468 Q F1(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197
(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .197(luated \(see).25 F F3 .197
(ARITHMETIC EV)2.697 F(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)-.54 G(ION).855 E F0(abo)
-2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 355.2 Q F2(ar)
-2.83 E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F1(let)2.5 E F0
-(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F1(local)108 372 Q F0([)2.5 E
-F2(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 384 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F
-.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F2(name)2.92 E F0
-.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F2(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)
--5.06 E F2(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 396 Q 3.152(yo)-.15
-G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F1(declar)3.152
-E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F1(local)3.152 E F0 .653
+2.447 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.697(\). If).15 F(the last)144 480 Q F1(ar)2.83
+E(g)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)2.72 G(luates to 0,).25 E F2(let)2.5 E F0
+(returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.)2.5 E F2(local)108 496.8 Q F0([)2.5
+E F1(option)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
+(.. | \255 ])-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 508.8 S 2.56(re).15 G .06(ach ar)-2.56 F
+.06(gument, a local v)-.18 F .06(ariable named)-.25 F F1(name)2.92 E F0
+.06(is created, and assigned)2.74 F F1(value)2.56 E F0 5.06(.T).18 G(he)
+-5.06 E F1(option)2.56 E F0 .06(can be)2.56 F(an)144 520.8 Q 3.152(yo)
+-.15 G 3.152(ft)-3.152 G .652(he options accepted by)-3.152 F F2(declar)
+3.152 E(e)-.18 E F0 5.652(.W)C(hen)-5.652 E F2(local)3.152 E F0 .653
(is used within a function, it causes the v)3.152 F(ari-)-.25 E(able)144
-408 Q F2(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H .422
-(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F(If)
-5.421 E F2(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461
-(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 420 R F1
+532.8 Q F1(name)3.282 E F0 .422(to ha)3.102 F .722 -.15(ve a v)-.2 H
+.422(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F
+(If)5.421 E F1(name)2.921 E F0 .421(is \255, the set)2.921 F 1.461
+(of shell options is made local to the function in which)144 544.8 R F2
(local)3.961 E F0 1.462(is in)3.961 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 1.462
-(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 432 R F1(set)4.063 E
-F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563
+(d: shell options changed).1 F 1.563(using the)144 556.8 R F2(set)4.063
+E F0 -.2(bu)4.063 G 1.563
(iltin inside the function are restored to their original v).2 F 1.562
-(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 444 R 1.243
-(ith no operands,)-.4 F F1(local)3.743 E F0 1.243
+(alues when the function)-.25 F 3.743(returns. W)144 568.8 R 1.243
+(ith no operands,)-.4 F F2(local)3.743 E F0 1.243
(writes a list of local v)3.743 F 1.244
(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.244(It is an)6.244 F .42
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424.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0
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374.4 R(the)3.264 E F2<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
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1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad6e>
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F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from th\
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302.4 Q F1<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348
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451.2 Q F2<ad75>3.848 E F0 1.348
(option, split into w)3.848 F 1.348(ords as described abo)-.1 F 1.647
--.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)3.847 G 1.347(rd Splitting).75 F
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-(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)144 338.4 Q F0
+(ening delimiters are assigned to the last)-.15 F F1(name)144 487.2 Q F0
5.722(.I).18 G 3.222(ft)-5.722 G .722(here are fe)-3.222 F .722(wer w)
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(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names are)-.1
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-(xpansion \(described abo)-.15 F .497 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
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C .157(ay be used to remo)-2.657 F .457 -.15(ve a)-.15 H .457 -.15(ny s)
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(xt character read and for line continu-)-.15 F 2.5(ation. Options,)144
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-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 398.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049
-(The w)180 410.4 R 1.049
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(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
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-(aname)180.33 422.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25
-(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5
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-(wline. If)-.25 F F2(delim)180 458.4 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F1
+(wline. If)-.25 F F1(delim)180 607.2 Q F0(is the empty string,)2.5 E F2
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-<ad65>144 470.4 Q F0 .372
-(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)180 470.4 R F1 -.18
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(re)2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)
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-.218(to obtain the line.)180 482.4 R .218
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-(acti)180 494.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings, b)-2.5 E
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-(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F1<ad69>144 506.4 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)
--.2 E F0(If)180 506.4 Q F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
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+(ault \214lename completion.)-.1 E F2<ad69>144 655.2 Q F1(te)2.5 E(xt)
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-(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
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+(returns after reading)3.895 F F1(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of)
--.1 F(input, b)180 554.4 Q(ut honors a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)
--.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0
-(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad4e>144
-566.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 578.4 S(ad).18 E
-F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E
-(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
-(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 590.4 R F1 -.18(re)
-2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274
-(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 602.4
-R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)
-3.503 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 .609(characters are read.)180 614.4 R .608
-(The result is not split on the characters in)5.609 F F1(IFS)3.108 E F0
-3.108(;t)C .608(he intent is that the)-3.108 F -.25(va)180 626.4 S .669
-(riable is assigned e).25 F .669
-(xactly the characters read \(with the e)-.15 F .67
-(xception of backslash; see the)-.15 F F1<ad72>180 638.4 Q F0
-(option belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1<ad70>144 650.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45
-E F0(Display)180 662.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
-(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
--3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 674.4 Q
-2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
-(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 686.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
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-(he backslash is considered to be part of)-5.543 F(the line.)180 698.4 Q
-(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E
-(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)-.25 E F1<ad73>144
-710.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 710.4 Q
-(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E
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-/Times-Italic@0 SF(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 96 Q F1 -.18(re)2.929 G
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+(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 108 R F1 -.18(re)2.775
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+(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 192 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5
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+<ad72>144 204 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+180 204 R 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
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+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 228 Q F0(Silent mode.)180 228 Q
+(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
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(ad).18 E F0 .428(to time out and return f)2.929 F .428
(ailure if a complete line of input \(or a speci\214ed num-)-.1 F .56
-(ber of characters\) is not read within)180 108 R F2(timeout)3.061 E F0
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(seconds.)3.061 E F2(timeout)5.561 E F0 .561(may be a decimal number)
-3.061 F(with a fractional portion follo)180 120 Q
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(wing the decimal point.)-.25 E(This option is only ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E
.3 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad).18 E F0 .506(is readin\
g input from a terminal, pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180
-132 R .506(fect when reading)-.25 F .59(from re)180 144 R .59
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(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.59 E F1 -.18(re)3.09 G(ad).18 E F0 .589
(times out,)3.09 F F1 -.18(re)3.089 G(ad).18 E F0(sa)3.089 E -.15(ve)-.2
G 3.089(sa).15 G .889 -.15(ny p)-3.089 H .589
-(artial input read into the speci\214ed).15 F -.25(va)180 156 S(riable)
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.25 E F2(name)2.77 E F0 5.27(.I)C(f)-5.27 E F2(timeout)2.77 E F0 .27
(is 0,)2.77 F F1 -.18(re)2.77 G(ad).18 E F0 .27(returns immediately)2.77
F 2.77(,w)-.65 G .27(ithout trying to read an)-2.77 F 2.77(yd)-.15 G
-(ata.)-2.77 E 1.12(The e)180 168 R 1.12(xit status is 0 if input is a)
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-.15 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.12(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)
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-180 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)
-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 192 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476
-(If no)144 208.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476
+336 R -.15(ex)2.5 G(it status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)
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+(Read input from \214le descriptor)180 348 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .476
+(If no)144 364.8 R F2(names)3.336 E F0 .476
(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)3.246 F(ariable)-.25 E
/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.977 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
F0 .477(The e)4.977 F .477(xit status is zero,)-.15 F .773
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 220.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad)
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 376.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.273 G(ad)
.18 E F0 .772
(times out \(in which case the status is greater than 128\), a)3.273 F
--.25(va)144 232.8 S 2.004
+-.25(va)144 388.8 S 2.004
(riable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v).25 F 2.005
(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G 2.005(lid \214le).25 F
-(descriptor is supplied as the ar)144
244.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 261.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAf)A
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400.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad75>
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F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A
-(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 273.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
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(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)
-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77
-(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 285.6 R
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1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 297.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
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(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
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--.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 309.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
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(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.276 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name)
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-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 333.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 489.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
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-357.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
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3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
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-144 369.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
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-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 381.6 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 398.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 410.4 R
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+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 566.4 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .597
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 422.4 R -.15(xe)
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 578.4 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G .596(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.596(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.596 E
F1 -.18(re)3.096 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .596(is e)3.096 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 434.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238
+G(cuted).15 E 1.238(by a trap handler)144 590.4 R 3.738(,t)-.4 G 1.238
(he last command used to determine the status is the last command e)
-3.738 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E 1.033(before the trap handler)144
-446.4 R 6.033(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.033 E F1 -.18(re)3.533 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E
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F0 1.033(is e)3.533 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.033(cuted during a).15 F F1(DEB)
3.532 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.032(trap, the last command used to)3.532 F .389
-(determine the status is the last command e)144 458.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(determine the status is the last command e)144 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
.389(cuted by the trap handler before).15 F F1 -.18(re)2.89 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 -.1(wa)2.89 G 2.89(si).1 G -1.9 -.4(nv o)-2.89 H -.1(ke).4
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-.15 G .084(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.584 E F0(\()5.084 E
F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.583(\)c)C .083(ommand, it)-2.583 F .588
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.326(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.326 E F2(n)2.826 E F0 .325
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-(its least signi\214cant 8 bits.)144 506.4 R .444
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(The return status is non-zero if)5.444 F F1 -.18(re)2.945 G(tur).18 E
(n)-.15 E F0 .445(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.945 F(gu-)-.18 E .381
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(xe)-.15 G .381(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.881 E F0(or)3.714 E
F1(sour)2.881 E(ce)-.18 E F0 5.38(.A)C .68 -.15(ny c)-5.38 H(om-).15 E
-.749(mand associated with the)144 530.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
+.749(mand associated with the)144 686.4 R F1(RETURN)3.249 E F0 .749
(trap is e)3.249 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .749(cuted before e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 542.4 Q F1
-(set)108 559.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C
-F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E
-F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 571.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0
+G .75(cution resumes after the function).15 F(or script.)144 698.4 Q
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2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E
-(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 583.2 S .836
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(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
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-(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 595.2
-R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784
-(riables cannot be).25 F 2.912(reset. In)144 607.2 R F2(posix)2.912 E F0
-.412(mode, only shell v)2.912 F .412(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .412
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(alues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in)-.25 F(order)
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-F1 2.5(... $)2.5 F F2(n)A F0 5(.O)C(ptions, if speci\214ed, ha)-5 E .3
--.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 655.2 Q
-F0 1.377(Each v)184 655.2 R 1.377
+144 168 Q 2.5(,t)-.4 G(o)-2.5 E F1($1)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($2)2.5 E F0(,)A F1
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(ariable or function that is created or modi\214ed is gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
-.25 G 3.877(nt).15 G 1.377(he e)-3.877 F 1.378(xport attrib)-.15 F
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-E(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4 E F1<ad62>144 679.2 Q F0 .132
-(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 679.2 R
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+(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)184 204 R
2.632(,r)-.65 G .131(ather than before the ne)-2.632 F(xt)-.15 E
-(primary prompt.)184 691.2 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)
--.25 H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 703.2 Q F0
-.087(Exit immediately if a)184 703.2 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
+(primary prompt.)184 216 Q(This is ef)5 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25
+H(nly when job control is enabled.).15 E F1<ad65>144 228 Q F0 .087
+(Exit immediately if a)184 228 R F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F
-F0 .088(\), a)B F2(list)2.588 E F0 2.588(,o)C(r)-2.588 E(a)184 715.2 Q
-F2 1.521(compound command)4.021 F F0(\(see)4.021 E F3 1.521
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)4.021 F F0(abo)3.771 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 1.521(\), e).15 F
-1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079(The shell does not e)184
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+.15 F 1.521(xits with a non-zero status.)-.15 F .079
+(The shell does not e)184 252 R .079(xit if the command that f)-.15 F
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(wing the)-.25 F F1(if)4.154 E F0(or)4.154 E F1(elif)4.154 E F0(reserv)
-4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 96 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc)
+4.154 E(ed)-.15 E -.1(wo)184 276 S .581(rds, part of an).1 F 3.081(yc)
-.15 G .581(ommand e)-3.081 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .581(cuted in a).15 F F1
(&&)3.081 E F0(or)3.081 E F1(||)3.081 E F0 .582(list e)3.082 F .582
-(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 108 R
+(xcept the command follo)-.15 F(wing)-.25 E .918(the \214nal)184 288 R
F1(&&)3.418 E F0(or)3.418 E F1(||)3.418 E F0 3.418(,a)C 1.218 -.15(ny c)
-3.418 H .918(ommand in a pipeline b).15 F .917
(ut the last, or if the command')-.2 F 3.417(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.417 E
--.25(va)184 120 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66(rted with)
+-.25(va)184 300 S .66(lue is being in).25 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .66(rted with)
.15 F F1(!)3.16 E F0 5.661(.I)C 3.161(fac)-5.661 G .661
(ompound command other than a subshell returns a)-3.161 F 1.113
-(non-zero status because a command f)184 132 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
+(non-zero status because a command f)184 312 R 1.112(ailed while)-.1 F
F1<ad65>3.612 E F0 -.1(wa)3.612 G 3.612(sb).1 G 1.112
-(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 144 R 2.677
+(eing ignored, the shell does)-3.612 F .177(not e)184 324 R 2.677
(xit. A)-.15 F .177(trap on)2.677 F F1(ERR)2.677 E F0 2.677(,i)C 2.678
(fs)-2.677 G .178(et, is e)-2.678 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .178
(cuted before the shell e).15 F 2.678(xits. This)-.15 F .178
-(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 156 R .617
+(option applies to)2.678 F .618(the shell en)184 336 R .617
(vironment and each subshell en)-.4 F .617(vironment separately \(see)
--.4 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)
-184 168 R(ONMENT)-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643
+-.4 F F3 .617(COMMAND EXE-)3.117 F .642(CUTION ENVIR)184 348 R(ONMENT)
+-.27 E F0(abo)2.893 E -.15(ve)-.15 G .643
(\), and may cause subshells to e).15 F .643(xit before e)-.15 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 180 Q
-2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 198 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(xe)-.15 G .643(cuting all).15 F(the commands in the subshell.)184 360 Q
+2.042(If a compound command or shell function e)184 378 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
2.042(cutes in a conte).15 F 2.042(xt where)-.15 F F1<ad65>4.542 E F0
-2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 210 R
+2.042(is being)4.542 F 1.435(ignored, none of the commands e)184 390 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.436(cuted within the compound command or function).15 F
-.194(body will be af)184
222 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E
+.194(body will be af)184
402 R .194(fected by the)-.25 F F1<ad65>2.694 E
F0 .193(setting, e)2.693 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.693(ni).15 G(f)-2.693 E F1
<ad65>2.693 E F0 .193(is set and a command returns a f)2.693 F(ailure)
--.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 234 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89
+-.1 E 3.39(status. If)184 414 R 3.39(ac)3.39 G .89
(ompound command or shell function sets)-3.39 F F1<ad65>3.39 E F0 .89
(while e)3.39 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .89(cuting in a conte).15 F(xt)-.15 E
-(where)184
246 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654
+(where)184
426 Q F1<ad65>3.154 E F0 .654
(is ignored, that setting will not ha)3.154 F .953 -.15(ve a)-.2 H .953
-.15(ny e).15 H -.25(ff).15 G .653(ect until the compound command).25 F
-(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 258 Q F1
-<ad66>144 270 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 270 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
-<ad68>144 282 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184
-282 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F
+(or the command containing the function call completes.)184 438 Q F1
+<ad66>144 450 Q F0(Disable pathname e)184 450 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1
+<ad68>144 462 Q F0 2.238(Remember the location of commands as the)184
+462 R 4.738(ya)-.15 G 2.239(re look)-4.738 F 2.239(ed up for e)-.1 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G 4.739(cution. This).15 F(is)4.739 E(enabled by def)184
-294 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 306 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 306 R .514
+474 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad6b>144 486 Q F0 .514(All ar)184 486 R .514
(guments in the form of assignment statements are placed in the en)-.18
F .513(vironment for a)-.4 F
-(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 318 Q F1
-<ad6d>144 330 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 330 R .148
+(command, not just those that precede the command name.)184 498 Q F1
+<ad6d>144 510 Q F0 .148(Monitor mode.)184 510 R .148
(Job control is enabled.)5.148 F .149(This option is on by def)5.148 F
.149(ault for interacti)-.1 F .449 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells).15 E .651
-(on systems that support it \(see)184 342 R F2 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F
+(on systems that support it \(see)184 522 R F3 .651(JOB CONTR)3.151 F
(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)2.901 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.151(\). All).15 F .65
-(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 354 R .679
+(processes run in a separate)3.151 F .678(process group.)184 534 R .679
(When a background job completes, the shell prints a line containing it\
-s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 366 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 378 Q F0 .653
-(Read commands b)184 378 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653
+s)5.678 F -.15(ex)184 546 S(it status.).15 E F1<ad6e>144 558 Q F0 .653
+(Read commands b)184 558 R .653(ut do not e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653
(cute them.).15 F .652(This may be used to check a shell script for)
-5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 390 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3
--.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 402 Q/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(option\255name)2.5 E F0(The)184 414 Q F3(option\255name)2.5 E F0
-(can be one of the follo)2.5 E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 426 Q F0
-(Same as)224 438 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 450 Q F0
-(Same as)224 462 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(emacs)184 474 Q F0 .089
-(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 474 R 2.589
+5.653 F(syntax errors.)184 570 Q(This is ignored by interacti)5 E .3
+-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1<ad6f>144 582 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E
+F0(The)184 594 Q F2(option\255name)2.5 E F0(can be one of the follo)2.5
+E(wing:)-.25 E F1(allexport)184 606 Q F0(Same as)224 618 Q F1<ad61>2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(braceexpand)184 630 Q F0(Same as)224 642 Q F1<ad42>2.5 E F0(.)
+A F1(emacs)184 654 Q F0 .089
+(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)224 654 R 2.589
(ace. This)-.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95
-(when the shell is interacti)224 486 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95
+(when the shell is interacti)224 666 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95
(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E
-F0 2.5(option. This)224 498 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf)
+F0 2.5(option. This)224 678 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf)
-.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)
-184 510 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 510 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(errtrace)184 522 Q F0(Same as)224 522 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(functrace)184 534 Q F0(Same as)224 546 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(hashall)184 558 Q F0(Same as)224 558 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(histexpand)184 570 Q F0(Same as)224 582 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(history)184 594 Q F0 .586(Enable command history)224 594 R 3.087(,a)
--.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15
-H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
-(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 606 Q
-(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184
-618 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 630 R 1.657
-(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10)
-4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224
-642 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).)
-.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 654 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 666 Q F1
-<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 678 Q F0(Same as)224 678 Q F1<ad6d>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 690 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 702 Q F1<ad43>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 714 Q F0(Same as)224 714 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A
+184 690 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)224 690 Q F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(errtrace)184 702 Q F0(Same as)224 702 Q F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A
(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 16 16
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
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-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(noglob)184 84 Q F0
-(Same as)224 84 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 96 Q F0
-(Currently ignored.)224 96 Q F1(notify)184 108 Q F0(Same as)224 108 Q F1
-<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 120 Q F0(Same as)224 120 Q F1<ad75>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 132 Q F0(Same as)224 132 Q F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A
-F1(ph)184 144 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 144 Q F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A
-F1(pipefail)184 156 Q F0 1.029(If set, the return v)224 156 R 1.029
-(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.03
-(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 168 R
-1.136
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(functrace)184 84 Q F0
+(Same as)224 96 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 108 Q F0(Same as)
+224 108 Q F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 120 Q F0(Same as)224
+132 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 144 Q F0 .586
+(Enable command history)224 144 R 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587
+(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
+(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 156 Q
+(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184
+168 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.657(The ef)224 180 R 1.657
+(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10)
+4.156 E F0 1.656(had been e)4.156 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224
+192 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).)
+.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 204 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 216 Q F1
+<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 228 Q F0(Same as)224 228 Q F1<ad6d>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 240 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 252 Q F1<ad43>2.5
+E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 264 Q F0(Same as)224 264 Q F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A
+F1(noglob)184 276 Q F0(Same as)224 276 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)
+184 288 Q F0(Currently ignored.)224 288 Q F1(notify)184 300 Q F0
+(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 312 Q F0(Same as)
+224 312 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 324 Q F0(Same as)224 324 Q
+F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 336 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)224 336 Q
+F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 348 Q F0 1.029
+(If set, the return v)224 348 R 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F
+1.03(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.137(mand to e)224 360
+R 1.136
(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
--.15 F -.15(ex)224 180 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
-(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 192 Q F0
-2.09(Change the beha)224 192 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
+-.15 F -.15(ex)224 372 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
+(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 384 Q F0
+2.09(Change the beha)224 384 R 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
(fers from the)-.25 F 1.212(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224
-204 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.212(posix mode)B F0 3.712(\). See)B/F3 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.212(SEE ALSO)3.712 F F0(belo)3.462 E(w)-.25 E 2.306
-(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 216 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G
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+(for a reference to a document that details ho)224 408 R 4.807(wp)-.25 G
2.307(osix mode af)-4.807 F 2.307(fects bash')-.25 F(s)-.55 E(beha)224
-228 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 240 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224
-252 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 264 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224
-264 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 276 Q F0 1.466
-(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 276 R 3.965(ace. This)
+420 Q(vior)-.2 E(.)-.55 E F1(pri)184 432 Q(vileged)-.1 E F0(Same as)224
+444 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 456 S(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)224
+456 Q F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 468 Q F0 1.466
+(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)224 468 R 3.965(ace. This)
-.1 F 1.465(also af)3.965 F 1.465(fects the editing)-.25 F(interf)224
-288 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1
-(xtrace)184 300 Q F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 318 Q
-F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F2(option\255name)
+480 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1
+(xtrace)184 492 Q F0(Same as)224 492 Q F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184 510 Q
+F1<ad6f>3.052 E F0 .552(is supplied with no)3.052 F F5(option\255name)
3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .553
(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.553 E F1(+o)184
-330 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F2(option\255name)3.572 E F0
+522 Q F0 1.072(is supplied with no)3.572 F F5(option\255name)3.572 E F0
3.572(,a)C 1.071(series of)-.001 F F1(set)3.571 E F0 1.071
(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F
-(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
342 Q F1<ad70>
-144 354 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 354 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1
+(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
534 Q F1<ad70>
+144 546 Q F0 -.45(Tu)184 546 S 1.071(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.821 E -.1
(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.341 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
-F3($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072
+F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.072
(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.501
-(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 366 R 1.5
-(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3
--.27(BA)184 378 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H)
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-.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F
-(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 390 R .38
+(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 558 R 1.5
+(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 570 S
+(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.774 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0
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+(riables, if the).25 F 3.025(ya)-.15 G .525(ppear in the en)-3.025 F
+(vironment,)-.4 E .38(are ignored.)184 582 R .38
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.38 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15(ve u)
-.25 H .379(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .461
-(user \(group\) id, and the)184
402 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
+(user \(group\) id, and the)184
594 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .462
-(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 414 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
+(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 606 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
2.895 E F0 .394(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 426 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
+E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 618 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886
F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 438 Q F1<ad74>144 450 Q F0
-(Exit after reading and e)184 450 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.)
-.15 E F1<ad75>144 462 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 462 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044
+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 630 Q F1<ad74>144 642 Q F0
+(Exit after reading and e)184 642 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.)
+.15 E F1<ad75>144 654 Q F0 -.35(Tr)184 654 S .044(eat unset v).35 F .044
(ariables and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" \
-as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 474 R 2.682
+as an)-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 666 R 2.682
(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183
(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746
-(able or parameter)184 486 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
+(able or parameter)184 678 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184
-498 Q F1<ad76>144 510 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 510 Q 2.5
-(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 522 Q F0 .315(After e)184 522 R
-.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25
+690 Q F1<ad76>144 702 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)184 702 Q 2.5
+(ya)-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 714 Q F0 .315(After e)184 714 R
+.315(xpanding each)-.15 F F5 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25
(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)
-2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184
-534 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F
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-(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 546 Q
-(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
-<ad42>144 558 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 558 R 2.578
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+R F1 -.25(fo)5.76 G(r).25 E F0 3.26(command, display the e)5.76 F 3.26
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+(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(command and its e)184 84 Q(xpanded ar)-.15
+E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+<ad42>144 96 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)184 96 R 2.578
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 570 Q
-(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 582 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 582 R F1(bash)2.714 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 108 Q
+(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 120 Q F0 .214(If set,)184 120 R F1(bash)2.714 E
F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
2.713(,a)C(nd)-2.713 E F1(<>)2.713 E F0 .213(redirection opera-)2.713 F
-3.053(tors. This)184 594 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+3.053(tors. This)184 132 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 606 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 618 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 618 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
+.15 F(tor)184 144 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 156 Q F0 .104(If set, an)184 156 R 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104
(rap on)-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
-F .838(mands e)184 630 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F .838(mands e)184 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 642 Q F1
-<ad48>144 654 Q F0(Enable)184 654 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 180 Q F1
+<ad48>144 192 Q F0(Enable)184 192 Q F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
-F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 666 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 678 Q F0 .959
-(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 678 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 204 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 216 Q F0 .959
+(If set, the shell does not resolv)184 216 R 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822
-(that change the current w)184 690 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
+(that change the current w)184 228 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 702 R(def)2.685
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 240 R(def)2.685
E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184 714 Q(.)-.65 E
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
-(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad54>144 84 Q F0 .89
-(If set, an)184 84 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1(DEB)3.39 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
+(mands which change the current directory)184 252 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+264 Q F0 .89(If set, an)184 264 R 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 96 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 108 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 120 Q
-F0 .401(If no ar)184 120 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 288 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 300 Q
+F0 .401(If no ar)184 300 R .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G
.401(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 132 Q/F2
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 312 Q/F2
10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni)
.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1<ad>144 144 Q F0 1.944
-(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 144 R F2(ar)4.444 E
+F0(.)A F1<ad>144 324 Q F0 1.944
+(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)184 324 R F2(ar)4.444 E
(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945
-(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 156 R F1
+(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 336 R F1
<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945
(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B
-(parameters remain unchanged.)184 168 Q .425(The options are of)144
-184.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+(parameters remain unchanged.)184 348 Q .425(The options are of)144
+364.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
-(to be turned of)144 196.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 376.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 208.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+(current set of options may be found in)144 388.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 220.8 Q F1(shift)108 237.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 249.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
+(is encountered.)144 400.8 Q F1(shift)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 429.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
-.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 261.6 Q F1($#)2.582
+.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 441.6 Q F1($#)2.582
E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 273.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 453.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 285.6 R
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 465.6 R
.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 297.6 Q F1(shopt)108 314.4 Q F0([)
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 477.6 Q F1(shopt)108 494.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 326.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 506.4 S .64(ggle the v).8 F .639
(alues of settings controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F(vior)-.2 E
5.639(.T)-.55 G .639(he settings can be either those)-5.639 F .374
-(listed belo)144 338.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
+(listed belo)144 518.4 R 1.674 -.65(w, o)-.25 H 1.174 -.4(r, i).65 H
2.874(ft).4 G(he)-2.874 E F1<ad6f>2.874 E F0 .375
(option is used, those a)2.875 F -.25(va)-.2 G .375(ilable with the).25
F F1<ad6f>2.875 E F0 .375(option to the)2.875 F F1(set)2.875 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 350.4 R .826
+(bu)2.875 G .375(iltin com-).2 F 3.326(mand. W)144 530.4 R .826
(ith no options, or with the)-.4 F F1<ad70>3.326 E F0 .825
(option, a list of all settable options is displayed, with an)3.326 F
-.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 362.4 R F2
+.551(indication of whether or not each is set; if)144 542.4 R F2
(optnames)3.052 E F0 .552
(are supplied, the output is restricted to those)3.052 F 2.55
-(options. The)144
374.4 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\
+(options. The)144
554.4 R F1<ad70>2.55 E F0 .049(option causes output t\
o be displayed in a form that may be reused as input.)2.55 F(Other)5.049
-E(options ha)144 386.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 398.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
-398.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 410.4 Q F0
-(Disable \(unset\) each)180
410.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
-422.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
-tus indicates whether the)180 422.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E
-.256(set or unset.)180 434.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756
+E(options ha)144 566.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad73>144 578.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)180
+578.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 590.4 Q F0
+(Disable \(unset\) each)180
590.4 Q F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144
+602.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\); the return sta\
+tus indicates whether the)180 602.4 R F2(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E
+.256(set or unset.)180 614.4 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756
E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G
(ith)-2.756 E F1<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255
-(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 446.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
-F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 458.4 Q F0
-(Restricts the v)180 458.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
+(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 626.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
+F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 638.4 Q F0
+(Restricts the v)180 638.4 Q(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
-E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 475.2 R F1
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624(If either)144 655.2 R F1
<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0 .624(is used with no)
3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124
E F0(sho)3.124 E .624(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234
-(set or unset, respecti)144 487.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)
+(set or unset, respecti)144 667.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)
-.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0
-2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 499.2 Q(ault.)
+2.234(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 679.2 Q(ault.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-516 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
+696 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
4.045 F .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 528 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
--.25 F(option.)144 540 Q(The list of)144 556.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 574.8 Q F0 1.944
-(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 586.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G
+144 708 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
+-.25 F(option.)144 720 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(17)
+198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 18 18
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
+(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E(The list of)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(shopt)2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(assoc_expand_once)144 102 Q F0
+1.944(If set, the shell suppresses multiple e)184 114 R -.25(va)-.25 G
1.945(luation of associati).25 F 2.245 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.945
-(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 598.8 R .857
+(rray subscripts during).15 F .857(arithmetic e)184 126 R .857
(xpression e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .857(luation and while e).25 F -.15
(xe)-.15 G .857(cuting b).15 F .857(uiltins that can perform v)-.2 F
-(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 610.8 Q F1(autocd)144 622.8 Q F0 .199
-(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 622.8 R
+(ariable)-.25 E(assignments.)184 138 Q F1(autocd)144 150 Q F0 .199
+(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)184 150 R
-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 634.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(ment to the)184 162 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 646.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 658.8 R .156
+F1(cdable_v)144 174 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 186 R .156
(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 670.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 682.8 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 198 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 210 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)184
-682.8 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
-(corrected. The)184 694.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
+210 R F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
+(corrected. The)184 222 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 706.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
+-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 234 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 718.8 Q
-(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(17)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 18 18
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
-(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkhash)144 84 Q F0
-.737(If set,)184 96 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736
+(the command proceeds.)184 246 Q(This option is only used by interacti)5
+E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(checkhash)144 258 Q F0 .737
+(If set,)184 270 R F1(bash)3.237 E F0 .736
(checks that a command found in the hash table e)3.237 F .736
-(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 108
+(xists before trying to e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(-).15 E(cute it.)184 282
Q(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 120 Q
-F0 .448(If set,)184 132 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 294 Q
+F0 .448(If set,)184 306 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449
(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 144 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 318 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.439 F .938
(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .938(xit is)-.15 F 2.203
-(attempted without an interv)184 156 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F
+(attempted without an interv)184 330 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F
/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 168 Q -.1(wa)-.1
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 342 Q -.1(wa)-.1
G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
-(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 180 Q F0 1.09(If set,)184
-192 R F1(bash)3.59 E F0 1.09(checks the windo)3.59 F 3.59(ws)-.25 G 1.09
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(ize after each e)-3.59 F 1.09(xternal \(non-b)-.15 F 1.09
-(uiltin\) command and, if)-.2 F(necessary)184 204 Q 2.5(,u)-.65 G
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(pdates the v)-2.5 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E F0(and)2.25 E F2
-(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 216 Q F0 1.202
-(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502
+(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144 390 Q F0 1.202
+(If set,)184 390 R F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502
-.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-228 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133
+402 Q 6.133(.T)-.65 G 1.133(his allo)-6.133 F 1.133
(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 F 1.132
-(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 240 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613
+(This option is enabled by)6.132 F(def)184 414 Q .613(ault, b)-.1 F .613
(ut only has an ef)-.2 F .614
(fect if command history is enabled, as described abo)-.25 F .914 -.15
-(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 252 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1
-(compat31)144 264 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 276 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42
+(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(HIST)184 426 Q(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E F3(.)A F1
+(compat31)144 438 Q F0 .42(If set,)184 450 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42
(changes its beha)2.92 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .419
(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E .461(to the)
-184 288 R F1([[)2.961 E F0 .462(conditional command')2.962 F(s)-.55 E F1
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(=~)2.962 E F0 .462
(operator and locale-speci\214c string comparison when)2.962 F .71
-(using the)184 300 R F1([[)3.21 E F0 .71(conditional command')3.21 F(s)
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3.21 F -.15(ve)3.21 G .71(rsions prior to bash-4.1).15 F .82
-(use ASCII collation and)184 312 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E
+(use ASCII collation and)184 486 R/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.321 E
(cmp)-.37 E F0 .821(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale')
-.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 324 Q F4(str)
-2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 336 Q F0 1.41(If set,)
-184 348 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409
+.19 F 3.321(sc)-.55 G(ollation)-3.321 E(sequence and)184 498 Q F4(str)
+2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat32)144 510 Q F0 1.41(If set,)
+184 522 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409
(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409
(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .422
-(string comparison when using the)184 360 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422
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(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>)
2.923 E F0 .423(operators \(see pre-)2.923 F .481
-(vious item\) and the ef)184 372 R .481
+(vious item\) and the ef)184 546 R .481
(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .48(Bash v)5.481 F .48
-(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 384 Q
+(ersions 3.2 and earlier)-.15 F(continue with the ne)184 558 Q
(xt command in the list after one terminates due to an interrupt.)-.15 E
-F1(compat40)144 396 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 408 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0
+F1(compat40)144 570 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 582 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0
1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41
(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 2.008
-(string comparison when using the)184 420 R F1([[)4.508 E F0 2.007
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(conditional command')4.508 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)4.507 E F0(and)4.507 E F1(>)
-4.507 E F0 2.007(operators \(see)4.507 F .769(description of)184 432 R
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F1(compat31)3.269 E F0 3.269(\)a)C .769(nd the ef)-3.269 F .769
(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 F .77(Bash v)5.77 F(ersions)
-.15 E .087(4.0 and later interrupt the list as if the shell recei)184
-444 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.586(dt).15 G .086(he interrupt; pre)-2.586 F .086
-(vious v)-.25 F .086(ersions con-)-.15 F(tinue with the ne)184 456 Q
-(xt command in the list.)-.15 E F1(compat41)144 468 Q F0 1.483(If set,)
-184 480 R F1(bash)3.983 E F0 3.983(,w)C 1.483(hen in)-3.983 F F4(posix)
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-(mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)3.983 F -.15
-(ex)184 492 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G
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-(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 504
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+666 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F 5.959(.T)-.55 G .958
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+(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 678
R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59
-(posix mode through v)184 516 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def)
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5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589
-(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 528 Q F1(compat42)144 540 Q
-F0 1.796(If set,)184 552 R F1(bash)4.296 E F0 1.796
+(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 702 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
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(does not process the replacement string in the pattern substitution w)
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-(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 576 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 588 R F1
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+(va)-.15 G(l.).25 E F1(compat43)144 120 Q F0 .141(If set,)184 132 R F1
(bash)2.641 E F0 .141(does not print a w)2.641 F .14
(arning message if an attempt is made to use a quoted com-)-.1 F .912
-(pound array assignment as an ar)184 600 R .912(gument to)-.18 F F1
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(declar)3.413 E(e)-.18 E F0 3.413(,m)C(ak)-3.413 E .913(es w)-.1 F .913
-(ord e)-.1 F .913(xpansion errors non-)-.15 F -.1(fa)184 612 S .353
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(tal errors that cause the current command to f).1 F .353(ail \(the def)
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--2.852 E -.1(fa)184 624 S 1.057(tal errors that cause the shell to e).1
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F 1.058(xit\), and does not reset the loop state when a shell)-.15 F
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(ws)-.25 E F1(br)2.875 E(eak)-.18 E F0(or)2.875 E F1(continue)2.875 E F0
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-(the caller')184 648 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(onte)-2.5 E(xt\).)-.15 E F1
-(compat44)144 660 Q F0 .441(If set,)184 672 R F1(bash)2.941 E F0(sa)
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2.942 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.942(st).15 G .442(he positional parameters to B)
-2.942 F .442(ASH_ARGV and B)-.35 F .442(ASH_ARGC before)-.35 F(the)184
-684 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re used, re)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G
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(rdless of whether or not e).05 E(xtended deb)-.15 E
-(ugging mode is enabled.)-.2 E F1(complete_fullquote)144 696 Q F0 .654
-(If set,)184 708 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\
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+(If set,)184 252 R F1(bash)3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharact\
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-(forming completion.)184 720 R 1.524(If not set,)6.524 F F1(bash)4.024 E
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F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524
-(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
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-(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 96 R .028(ariable references in w)
--.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029(This means)5.029 F 1.073
-(that dollar signs in v)184 108 R 1.073(ariable names that e)-.25 F
-1.073(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15
--.25(ev e)184 120 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
+(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F 2.667(from the set of c\
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+276 R .028(metacharacters appear in shell v)184 288 R .028
+(ariable references in w)-.25 F .029(ords to be completed.)-.1 F .029
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+(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25
+(ev e)184 312 T 1.922 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.422 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F
6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.123(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59
(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184
-132 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 144 Q
+324 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 336 Q
(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E
-(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)144 156 Q(expand)
--.18 E F0 .486(If set,)184 168 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486
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+(If set,)184 360 R F1(bash)2.986 E F0 .486
(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F
.487(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .18(ing \214lename completion.)184
-180 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.18 F
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(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.179(.I)-.55 G 2.679(fn)-5.179 G(ot)-2.679 E(set,)
-184 192 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G
-(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 204 Q F0 .858(If set,)184
-204 R F1(bash)3.358 E F0 .858
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(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.358 F .859
(ord completion if)-.1 F
-(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 216 Q(xist.)-.15 E
-F1(dotglob)144 228 Q F0 .165(If set,)184 228 R F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165
+(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 408 Q(xist.)-.15 E
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(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i)
-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F
-(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 240 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63
+(xpansion.)-.15 E(The \214lenames)184 432 Q F1 -.63(``)2.5 G -.55(.').63
G(')-.08 E F0(and)5 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(..).63 E -.63('')-.55 G F0
(must al)5.63 E -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys be matched e).1 E(xplicitly)-.15 E 2.5
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-(is set.)2.5 E F1(execfail)144 252 Q F0 1.386(If set, a non-interacti)
-184 252 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386
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+184 444 R 1.686 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386(hell will not e).15 F 1.386
(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.387
-(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 264 Q(gument to the)-.18
+(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 456 Q(gument to the)-.18
E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E(An interacti)5 E .3
-.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0
--.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 276 Q F0 .717
-(If set, aliases are e)184 288 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F
+-.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 468 Q F0 .717
+(If set, aliases are e)184 480 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15 F
1.017 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)3.217 E
/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .716(This option is enabled)5.217 F
-(by def)184 300 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F1(extdeb)144 312 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 324 R
+(by def)184 492 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
+.15 E F1(extdeb)144 504 Q(ug)-.2 E F0 .671(If set at shell in)184 516 R
-.2(vo)-.4 G .671(cation, arrange to e).2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .671
(cute the deb).15 F .672(ugger pro\214le before the shell starts,)-.2 F
-.221(identical to the)184
336 R F1<adad646562>2.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0
+.221(identical to the)184
528 R F1<adad646562>2.721 E(ugger)-.2 E F0
2.721(option. If)2.721 F .221(set after in)2.721 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .221
-(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 348 Q
-(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184
360 Q F0(The)220 360 Q F1<ad46>4.25
+(cation, beha).2 F .22(vior intended for use by)-.2 F(deb)184 540 Q
+(uggers is enabled:)-.2 E F1(1.)184
552 Q F0(The)220 552 Q F1<ad46>4.25
E F0 1.75(option to the)4.25 F F1(declar)4.251 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)
4.251 G 1.751(iltin displays the source \214le name and line).2 F
-(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 372 Q
-(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 384 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220
-384 R F1(DEB)4.167 E(UG)-.1 E F0 1.667(trap returns a non-zero v)4.167 F
-1.667(alue, the ne)-.25 F(xt)-.15 E(command is skipped and not e)220 396
-Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 408 Q F0 .84
-(If the command run by the)220 408 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841
+(number corresponding to each function name supplied as an ar)220 564 Q
+(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 576 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)220
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+Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(3.)184 600 Q F0 .84
+(If the command run by the)220 600 R F1(DEB)3.34 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841
(trap returns a v)3.341 F .841(alue of 2, and the shell is)-.25 F -.15
-(exe)220 420 S .488
+(exe)220 612 S .488
(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .488(cuted by the).15 F F1(.)2.988 E F0(or)2.988 E F1
-(sour)220 432 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
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(iltins\), the shell simulates a call to).2 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E
-(n)-.15 E F0(.)A F1(4.)184 444 Q F2 -.27(BA)220 444 S(SH_ARGC).27 E F0
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(and)3.153 E F2 -.27(BA)3.403 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 .904
-(are updated as described in their descriptions)3.154 F(abo)220 456 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(5.)184 468 Q F0 1.637(Function tracing is ena\
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-(shells in)220 480 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1
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(\()2.5 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(command)2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0
(inherit the)2.5 E F1(DEB)2.5 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)2.5 E F1(RETURN)2.5 E F0
-(traps.)2.5 E F1(6.)184 492 Q F0 1.082(Error tracing is enabled: comman\
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-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(dw).1 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(\()2.5 E F4(command)
2.5 E F1(\))2.5 E F0(inherit the)2.5 E F1(ERR)2.5 E F0(trap.)2.5 E F1
-(extglob)144 516 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 516 R .4
+(extglob)144 708 Q F0 .4(If set, the e)184 708 R .4
(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u)
--.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 528 Q
-F0(are enabled.)2.5 E F1(extquote)144 540 Q F0 2.473(If set,)184 552 R
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(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
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156 R F3<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F3<ad66>3.723 E F0
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346.8 R F4<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F4<ad66>3.723 E F0
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-F .498(resource is printed, unless the)144
292.8 R F3<ad48>2.999 E F0
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483.6 R F4<ad48>2.999 E F0
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364.8 Q F3<ad66>144
-376.8 Q F0
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555.6 Q F4<ad66>144
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+(The maximum number of kqueues that may be allocated)180 591.6 Q F4
+<ad6c>144 603.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)180 603.6 Q
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F4<ad6d>144 615.6 Q F0
+(The maximum resident set size \(man)180 615.6 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4<ad6e>144 627.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-180 436.8 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 448.8 Q F3<ad70>144 460.8 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 460.8 Q F3
-<ad71>144 472.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 472.8 Q F3
-<ad72>144 484.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 484.8
-Q F3<ad73>144 496.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 496.8 Q F3<ad74>144
-508.8 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 508.8 Q F3
-<ad75>144 520.8 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 520.8 Q -.25
-(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F3<ad76>144 532.8 Q F0 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 532.8 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
-544.8 Q F3<ad78>144 556.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180
-556.8 Q F3<ad50>144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180
-568.8 Q F3<ad54>144 580.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 580.8 Q
-(If)144 597.6 Q F1(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.468(n, and the).15 F F3<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468(option is not used,)2.968
-F F1(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F 2.968(wv)-.25 G .468
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468 E .044
-(no option is gi)144 609.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F3<ad66>
-2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F3
+180 627.6 R 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F
+(be set\))180 639.6 Q F4<ad70>144 651.6 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))180 651.6 Q F4
+<ad71>144 663.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)180 663.6 Q F4
+<ad72>144 675.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)180 675.6
+Q F4<ad73>144 687.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)180 687.6 Q F4<ad74>144
+699.6 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)180 699.6 Q F4
+<ad75>144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)180 711.6 Q -.25
+(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q
+(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 24 24
+%%BeginPageSetup
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+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
+(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
+E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad76>144 84 Q F0 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)180 84 R -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 96
+Q F1<ad78>144 108 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)180 108 Q F1
+<ad50>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of pseudoterminals)180 120 Q F1
+<ad54>144 132 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)180 132 Q(If)144 148.8
+Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468
+(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F
+2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468
+E .044(no option is gi)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1
+<ad66>2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F 1.589(in seconds;)144
-
621.6 R F3<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F3<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F3
-<ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F3<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F3<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F3
-<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F
3<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C
-1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.438(unscaled v)144 633.6 R 1.438
-(alues; and, when in Posix mode,)-.25 F F3<ad63>3.939 E F0(and)3.939 E
-F3<ad66>3.939 E F0 3.939(,w)C 1.439(hich are in 512-byte increments.)
--3.939 F(The)6.439 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 645.6 R
+
172.8 R F1<ad70>4.089 E F0 4.089(,w)C 1.589
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks;)-4.089 F F1<ad50>4.089 E F0(,)A F1
+<ad54>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad62>4.089 E F0(,)A F1<ad6b>4.089 E F0(,)A F1
+<ad6e>4.089 E F0 4.089(,a)C(nd)-4.089 E F
1<ad75>4.089 E F0 4.088(,w)C
+1.588(hich are)-4.088 F 1.476(unscaled v)144 184.8 R 1.476
+(alues; and, when in posix mode,)-.25 F F1<ad63>3.976 E F0(and)3.976 E
+F1<ad66>3.976 E F0 3.976(,w)C 1.476(hich are in 512-byte increments.)
+-3.976 F(The)6.476 E .404(return status is 0 unless an in)144 196.8 R
-.25(va)-.4 G .404(lid option or ar).25 F .404
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting)-.18 F 2.5(an)144
-657.6 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F3(umask)108 674.4 Q F0([)2.5 E
-F3<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A
-.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 686.4 R F1(mode)2.7 E F0
-5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F1(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
+208.8 S .5 -.25(ew l)-2.5 H(imit.).25 E F1(umask)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E
+F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A
+.2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 237.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 698.4 R F1 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-710.4 Q F1(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
-(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F
3<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
+pted by)144 249.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+261.6 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F
1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 722.4 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 273.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
-(he)-3.047 E F3<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F
-(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)149.565 E(23)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 24 24
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 87.61
-(TINS\(1\) General)-.92 F(Commands Manual)2.5 E -.35(BA)90.11 G(SH_B).35
-E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)144.38 84 Q F0
-.551(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)
-3.231 F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 96 Q
-(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
-(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E/F2 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 112.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
-(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 124.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach)
-.15 E F1(name)4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155
-F(If)6.655 E F2<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655
-(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 136.8 Q -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
-(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F1(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F2(unset)108 153.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
-2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 165.6 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F1(name)3.827 E F0
+(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
+(mode)144.38 285.6 Q F0 .551
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
+F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 297.6 Q
+(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
+(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
+(unalias)108 314.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 326.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
+F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
+F(remo)144 338.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 355.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])
+2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 367.2 S 3.827(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0
3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E 1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327
(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327
-(If the)6.327 F F
2<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve)
--.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F1(name)144.36 177.6 Q F0 1.551
+(If the)6.327 F F
1<ad76>3.828 E F0 1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)144.36 379.2 Q F0 1.551
(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551
(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)
-4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 189.6 R F2
-<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F1(name)5.001 E F0
+4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F 4.641(unset. If)144 391.2 R F1
+<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0
2.141(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821
-F(remo)144
201.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F2<ad6e>
-2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F1(name)2.537 E F0 .037
-(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F1(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E
-F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F1(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492
-(be unset rather than the v)144 213.6 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25
-F F2<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F2
+F(remo)144
403.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.538(d. If).15 F(the)2.537 E F1<ad6e>
+2.537 E F0 .037(option is supplied, and)2.537 F F2(name)2.537 E F0 .037
+(is a v)2.537 F .037(ariable with the)-.25 F F2(namer)2.537 E(ef)-.37 E
+F0(attrib)2.537 E(ute,)-.2 E F2(name)2.537 E F0(will)2.537 E .492
+(be unset rather than the v)144 415.2 R .492(ariable it references.)-.25
+F F1<ad6e>5.492 E F0 .492(has no ef)2.992 F .492(fect if the)-.25 F F1
<ad66>2.992 E F0 .492(option is supplied.)2.992 F .493(If no)5.493 F
-.221(options are supplied, each)144 225.6 R F1(name)2.721 E F0 .221
+.221(options are supplied, each)144 427.2 R F2(name)2.721 E F0 .221
(refers to a v)2.721 F .22(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .22
(ariable by that name, an)-.25 F 2.72(yf)-.15 G(unc-)-2.72 E 1.188
-(tion with that name is unset.)144 237.6 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F
+(tion with that name is unset.)144 439.2 R 1.189(Each unset v)6.189 F
1.189(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.689(df).15 G
1.189(rom the en)-3.689 F(vironment)-.4 E 3.206
-(passed to subsequent commands.)144 249.6 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706
+(passed to subsequent commands.)144 451.2 R 3.206(If an)8.206 F 5.706
(yo)-.15 G(f)-5.706 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)5.706 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09
E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)5.455 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)5.455 E
-F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 261.6 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
+F4(,)A F3(LINENO)144 463.2 Q F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)4.347 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)
4.347 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)4.347 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)4.348 E
F3(DIRST)4.598 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 2.098(are unset, the)4.348
F 4.598(yl)-.15 G 2.098(ose their special)-4.598 F(properties, e)144
-273.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15
+475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15
G(re subsequently reset.)-2.5 E(The e)5 E(xit status is true unless a)
--.15 E F1(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F2(wait)108 290.4 Q
-F0([)2.5 E F2(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144
-302.4 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termi\
-nation status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F1(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)
-3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 314.4
-R -.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55
-G .009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)
--5.009 E F1(id)144.01 326.4 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+-.15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 492 Q
+F0([)2.5 E F1(\255fn)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(id ...)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144
+504 S .659(it for each speci\214ed child process and return its termina\
+tion status.).8 F(Each)5.659 E F2(id)3.169 E F0 .658(may be a process)
+3.928 F .008(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 516 R
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .009(n, all processes in that job').15 F 2.509(sp)-.55 G
+.009(ipeline are w)-2.509 F .009(aited for)-.1 F 5.009(.I)-.55 G(f)
+-5.009 E F2(id)144.01 528 Q F0 .522(is not gi)3.792 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
.521(n, all currently acti).15 F .821 -.15(ve c)-.25 H .521
(hild processes are w).15 F .521(aited for)-.1 F 3.021(,a)-.4 G .521
-(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 338.4 Q F2
-<ad6e>3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F2(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1
+(nd the return status is zero.)-3.021 F(If)5.521 E(the)144 540 Q F1
+<ad6e>3.056 E F0 .556(option is supplied,)3.056 F F1(wait)3.057 E F0 -.1
(wa)3.057 G .557(its for an).1 F 3.057(yj)-.15 G .557
(ob to terminate and returns its e)-3.057 F .557(xit status.)-.15 F .557
-(If the)5.557 F F
2<ad66>3.057 E F0 .587
-(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 350.4 R F2(wait)
-3.086 E F0(forces)3.086 E F1(id)3.086 E F0 .586
+(If the)5.557 F F
1<ad66>3.057 E F0 .587
+(option is supplied, and job control is enabled,)144 552 R F1(wait)3.086
+E F0(forces)3.086 E F2(id)3.086 E F0 .586
(to terminate before returning its sta-)3.086 F .755
-(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 362.4 R(If)5.756
-E F1(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756
-(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 374.4
-R .365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365
-(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144
-386.4 Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 403.2 Q F0
-(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 415.2 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
+(tus, instead of returning when it changes status.)144 564 R(If)5.756 E
+F2(id)3.266 E F0 .756(speci\214es a non-e)4.026 F .756
+(xistent process or job, the)-.15 F .365(return status is 127.)144 576 R
+.365(Otherwise, the return status is the e)5.365 F .365
+(xit status of the last process or job w)-.15 F(aited)-.1 E(for)144 588
+Q(.)-.55 E/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 604.8 Q F0
+(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 616.8 Q(GNU Bash 5.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)
149.565 E(24)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.22.3
-%%CreationDate: Mon Mar 19 09:43:23 2018
+%%CreationDate: Fri Jun 8 16:16:00 2018
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.22 3
Copyright (C) 1988-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Sat May 19 21:47:36 EDT 2018
+@set LASTCHANGE Fri Jun 8 15:40:43 EDT 2018
@set EDITION 5.0
@set VERSION 5.0
-@set UPDATED 19 May 2018
-@set UPDATED-MONTH May 2018
+@set UPDATED 8 June 2018
+@set UPDATED-MONTH June 2018
@item complete
@btindex complete
@example
-@code{complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o @var{comp-option}] [-DE] [-A @var{action}] [-G @var{globpat}] [-W @var{wordlist}]
-[-F @var{function}] [-C @var{command}] [-X @var{filterpat}]
+@code{complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o @var{comp-option}] [-DEI] [-A @var{action}] [-G @var{globpat}]
+[-W @var{wordlist}] [-F @var{function}] [-C @var{command}] [-X @var{filterpat}]
[-P @var{prefix}] [-S @var{suffix}] @var{name} [@var{name} @dots{}]}
-@code{complete -pr [-DE] [@var{name} @dots{}]}
+@code{complete -pr [-DEI] [@var{name} @dots{}]}
@end example
Specify how arguments to each @var{name} should be completed.
The @option{-E} option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
blank line.
+The @option{-I} option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a
+command delimiter such as @samp{;} or @samp{|}, which is usually command
+name completion.
+If multiple options are supplied, the @option{-D} option takes precedence
+over @option{-E}, and both take precedence over @option{-I}.
The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
-is attempted is described above (@pxref{Programmable Completion}). The
-@option{-D} option takes precedence over @option{-E}.
+is attempted is described above (@pxref{Programmable Completion}).
Other options, if specified, have the following meanings.
The arguments to the @option{-G}, @option{-W}, and @option{-X} options
@item compopt
@btindex compopt
@example
-@code{compopt} [-o @var{option}] [-DE] [+o @var{option}] [@var{name}]
+@code{compopt} [-o @var{option}] [-DEI] [+o @var{option}] [@var{name}]
@end example
Modify completion options for each @var{name} according to the
@var{option}s, or for the currently-executing completion if no @var{name}s
The @option{-E} option indicates that the remaining options should
apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion attempted on a
blank line.
+The @option{-I} option indicates that the remaining options should
+apply to completion on the inital non-assignment word on the line, or after a
+command delimiter such as @samp{;} or @samp{|}, which is usually command
+name completion.
-The @option{-D} option takes precedence over @option{-E}.
+If multiple options are supplied, the @option{-D} option takes precedence
+over @option{-E}, and both take precedence over @option{-I}
The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied, an attempt
is made to modify the options for a @var{name} for which no completion
/* histfile.c - functions to manipulate the history file. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1989-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1989-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file contains the GNU History Library (History), a set of
routines for managing the text of previously typed lines.
{
if (HIST_TIMESTAMP_START(line_start) == 0)
{
- if (last_ts == NULL && history_multiline_entries)
+ if (last_ts == NULL && history_length > 0 && history_multiline_entries)
_hs_append_history_line (history_length - 1, line_start);
else
add_history (line_start);
#define EMPTYCMD "_EmptycmD_"
#define DEFAULTCMD "_DefaultCmD_"
+#define INITIALWORD "_InitialWorD_"
extern HASH_TABLE *prog_completes;
-BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/bash/bash-current
+BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current
THIS_SH=$BUILD_DIR/bash
PATH=$PATH:$BUILD_DIR
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
