- don't permit programs with slashes to be entered into the hash table
at all, even with the -p option. Inconsistency pointed out by
Jan Schampera <jan.schampera@web.de>
+
+ 6/6
+ ---
+lib/readline/vi_mode.c
+ - finish restructuring rl_vi_domove and the functions that call it so
+ it works in callback mode, including numeric arguments. Requested
+ a long time ago by Bob Rossi
+
+lib/readline/callback.c
+ - arrange to call appropriate callback when readline state indicates
+ RL_STATE_VIMOTION, so vi motion commands like `cw' and `d2w' are
+ handled in callback mode
+
+lib/sh/wcswidth.c
+ - replacement wcswidth implementation
+
+aclocal.m4
+ - add REPLACE_FUNCS(wcswidth) to BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - fix select_query and print_index_and_element to compute correct
+ display width of select list elements in presence of multibyte
+ characters. Bug reported by Bernd Eggink <monoped@sudrala.de>
+
+builtins/cd.def
+ - add posix-mandated -e option; currently ignored in most circumstances
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - document new `cd -e' option
+
- document new %(datefmt)T printf format specifier and special
arguments
+builtins/hash.def
+ - don't permit programs with slashes to be entered into the hash table
+ at all, even with the -p option. Inconsistency pointed out by
+ Jan Schampera <jan.schampera@web.de>
+
+ 6/6
+ ---
+lib/readline/vi_mode.c
+ - finish restructuring rl_vi_domove and the functions that call it so
+ it works in callback mode, including numeric arguments. Requested
+ a long time ago by Bob Rossi
+
+lib/readline/callback.c
+ - arrange to call appropriate callback when readline state indicates
+ RL_STATE_VIMOTION, so vi motion commands like `cw' and `d2w' are
+ handled in callback mode
+
+lib/sh/wcswidth.c
+ - replacement wcswidth implementation
+
+aclocal.m4
+ - add REPLACE_FUNCS(wcswidth) to BASH_CHECK_MULTIBYTE
+
+execute_cmd.c
+ - fix select_query and print_index_and_element to compute correct
+ display width of select list elements in presence of multibyte
+ characters. Bug reported by Bernd Eggink <monoped@sudrala.de>
+
lib/sh/unicode.c f
lib/sh/vprint.c f
lib/sh/wcsdup.c f
+lib/sh/wcswidth.c f
lib/sh/winsize.c f
lib/sh/zcatfd.c f
lib/sh/zgetline.c f
po/sv.po f
po/tr.gmo f
po/tr.po f
+po/uk.gmo f
+po/uk.po f
po/vi.gmo f
po/vi.po f
po/zh_CN.gmo f
po/sv.po f
po/tr.gmo f
po/tr.po f
+po/uk.gmo f
+po/uk.po f
po/vi.gmo f
po/vi.po f
po/zh_CN.gmo f
tests/precedence f
tests/printf.tests f
tests/printf.right f
+tests/printf1.sub f
tests/printf2.sub f
tests/printf3.sub f
tests/quote.tests f
${SH_LIBSRC}/casemod.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/uconvert.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/ufuncs.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/dprintf.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/input_avail.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/mbscasecmp.c \
- ${SH_LIBSRC}/fnxform.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/unicode.c
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/fnxform.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/unicode.c \
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/wcswidth.c
SHLIB_LIB = -lsh
SHLIB_LIBNAME = libsh.a
${SH_LIBSRC}/casemod.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/uconvert.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/ufuncs.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/dprintf.c \
${SH_LIBSRC}/input_avail.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/mbscasecmp.c \
- ${SH_LIBSRC}/fnxform.c
+ ${SH_LIBSRC}/fnxform.c ${SH_LIBSRC}/unicode.c
SHLIB_LIB = -lsh
SHLIB_LIBNAME = libsh.a
subst.o: shell.h syntax.h config.h bashjmp.h ${BASHINCDIR}/posixjmp.h command.h ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h error.h
subst.o: general.h xmalloc.h bashtypes.h variables.h arrayfunc.h conftypes.h array.h hashlib.h
subst.o: quit.h ${BASHINCDIR}/maxpath.h unwind_prot.h dispose_cmd.h
-subst.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h
+subst.o: make_cmd.h subst.h sig.h pathnames.h externs.h parser.h
subst.o: flags.h jobs.h siglist.h execute_cmd.h ${BASHINCDIR}/filecntl.h trap.h pathexp.h
subst.o: mailcheck.h input.h $(DEFSRC)/getopt.h $(DEFSRC)/common.h
subst.o: bashline.h bashhist.h ${GLOB_LIBSRC}/strmatch.h
AC_CHECK_FUNC(wcwidth, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCWIDTH))
AC_CHECK_FUNC(wctype, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCTYPE))
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(wcswidth)
+
dnl checks for both mbrtowc and mbstate_t
AC_FUNC_MBRTOWC
if test $ac_cv_func_mbrtowc = yes; then
AC_CHECK_FUNC(mbrlen, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_MBRLEN))
AC_CHECK_FUNC(mbscasecmp, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_MBSCMP))
AC_CHECK_FUNC(mbscmp, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_MBSCMP))
+AC_CHECK_FUNC(mbsnrtowcs, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_MBSNRTOWCS))
AC_CHECK_FUNC(mbsrtowcs, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_MBSRTOWCS))
+
AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(mbschr)
AC_CHECK_FUNC(wcrtomb, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCRTOMB))
AC_CHECK_FUNC(wcscoll, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCSCOLL))
AC_CHECK_FUNC(wcsdup, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCSDUP))
+AC_CHECK_FUNC(wcswidth, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCSWIDTH))
AC_CHECK_FUNC(wcwidth, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCWIDTH))
AC_CHECK_FUNC(wctype, AC_DEFINE(HAVE_WCTYPE))
+AC_REPLACE_FUNCS(wcswidth)
+
dnl checks for both mbrtowc and mbstate_t
AC_FUNC_MBRTOWC
if test $ac_cv_func_mbrtowc = yes; then
+for ac_func in wcswidth
+do
+as_ac_var=`$as_echo "ac_cv_func_$ac_func" | $as_tr_sh`
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for $ac_func" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for $ac_func... " >&6; }
+if { as_var=$as_ac_var; eval "test \"\${$as_var+set}\" = set"; }; then
+ $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+ cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* confdefs.h. */
+_ACEOF
+cat confdefs.h >>conftest.$ac_ext
+cat >>conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* end confdefs.h. */
+/* Define $ac_func to an innocuous variant, in case <limits.h> declares $ac_func.
+ For example, HP-UX 11i <limits.h> declares gettimeofday. */
+#define $ac_func innocuous_$ac_func
+
+/* System header to define __stub macros and hopefully few prototypes,
+ which can conflict with char $ac_func (); below.
+ Prefer <limits.h> to <assert.h> if __STDC__ is defined, since
+ <limits.h> exists even on freestanding compilers. */
+
+#ifdef __STDC__
+# include <limits.h>
+#else
+# include <assert.h>
+#endif
+
+#undef $ac_func
+
+/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
+ Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
+ builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+#endif
+char $ac_func ();
+/* The GNU C library defines this for functions which it implements
+ to always fail with ENOSYS. Some functions are actually named
+ something starting with __ and the normal name is an alias. */
+#if defined __stub_$ac_func || defined __stub___$ac_func
+choke me
+#endif
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+return $ac_func ();
+ ;
+ return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_link"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+ *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+ *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+ (eval "$ac_link") 2>conftest.er1
+ ac_status=$?
+ grep -v '^ *+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err
+ rm -f conftest.er1
+ cat conftest.err >&5
+ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+ (exit $ac_status); } && {
+ test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
+ test ! -s conftest.err
+ } && test -s conftest$ac_exeext && {
+ test "$cross_compiling" = yes ||
+ $as_test_x conftest$ac_exeext
+ }; then
+ eval "$as_ac_var=yes"
+else
+ $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+ eval "$as_ac_var=no"
+fi
+
+rm -rf conftest.dSYM
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest_ipa8_conftest.oo \
+ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+ac_res=`eval 'as_val=${'$as_ac_var'}
+ $as_echo "$as_val"'`
+ { $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $ac_res" >&5
+$as_echo "$ac_res" >&6; }
+as_val=`eval 'as_val=${'$as_ac_var'}
+ $as_echo "$as_val"'`
+ if test "x$as_val" = x""yes; then
+ cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
+@%:@define `$as_echo "HAVE_$ac_func" | $as_tr_cpp` 1
+_ACEOF
+
+else
+ case " $LIB@&t@OBJS " in
+ *" $ac_func.$ac_objext "* ) ;;
+ *) LIB@&t@OBJS="$LIB@&t@OBJS $ac_func.$ac_objext"
+ ;;
+esac
+
+fi
+done
+
+
+
+
{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking whether mbrtowc and mbstate_t are properly declared" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking whether mbrtowc and mbstate_t are properly declared... " >&6; }
if test "${ac_cv_func_mbrtowc+set}" = set; then
'configure.in'
],
{
- '_LT_AC_TAGCONFIG' => 1,
'AM_PROG_F77_C_O' => 1,
- 'AC_INIT' => 1,
+ '_LT_AC_TAGCONFIG' => 1,
'm4_pattern_forbid' => 1,
- '_AM_COND_IF' => 1,
+ 'AC_INIT' => 1,
'AC_CANONICAL_TARGET' => 1,
- 'AC_SUBST' => 1,
+ '_AM_COND_IF' => 1,
'AC_CONFIG_LIBOBJ_DIR' => 1,
- 'AC_FC_SRCEXT' => 1,
+ 'AC_SUBST' => 1,
'AC_CANONICAL_HOST' => 1,
+ 'AC_FC_SRCEXT' => 1,
'AC_PROG_LIBTOOL' => 1,
'AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE' => 1,
'AC_CONFIG_SUBDIRS' => 1,
'AM_AUTOMAKE_VERSION' => 1,
'LT_CONFIG_LTDL_DIR' => 1,
- 'AC_REQUIRE_AUX_FILE' => 1,
'AC_CONFIG_LINKS' => 1,
- 'm4_sinclude' => 1,
+ 'AC_REQUIRE_AUX_FILE' => 1,
'LT_SUPPORTED_TAG' => 1,
+ 'm4_sinclude' => 1,
'AM_MAINTAINER_MODE' => 1,
'AM_GNU_GETTEXT_INTL_SUBDIR' => 1,
'_m4_warn' => 1,
'AC_CANONICAL_BUILD' => 1,
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'AH_OUTPUT' => 1,
- '_AM_SUBST_NOTMAKE' => 1,
'AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR' => 1,
- 'sinclude' => 1,
- 'm4_pattern_allow' => 1,
+ '_AM_SUBST_NOTMAKE' => 1,
'AM_PROG_CC_C_O' => 1,
- 'AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM' => 1,
+ 'm4_pattern_allow' => 1,
+ 'sinclude' => 1,
'AM_CONDITIONAL' => 1,
+ 'AC_CANONICAL_SYSTEM' => 1,
'AC_CONFIG_HEADERS' => 1,
'AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL' => 1,
'm4_include' => 1,
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-aclocal.m4:2782: AM_LC_MESSAGES is expanded from...
-aclocal.m4:2371: AM_INTL_SUBDIR is expanded from...
-aclocal.m4:2083: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from...
+aclocal.m4:2784: AM_LC_MESSAGES is expanded from...
+aclocal.m4:2373: AM_INTL_SUBDIR is expanded from...
+aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from...
configure.in:651: the top level])
m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_LC_MESSAGES])
m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_LC_MESSAGES$])
../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1994: AC_CACHE_CHECK is expanded from...
-aclocal.m4:2083: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from...
+aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from...
configure.in:651: the top level])
m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete.
You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2527: AC_TRY_LINK is expanded from...
../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1994: AC_CACHE_CHECK is expanded from...
-aclocal.m4:2083: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from...
+aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from...
configure.in:651: the top level])
m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- _m4_warn([obsolete], [The macro `AC_TRY_LINK' is obsolete.
You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2527: AC_TRY_LINK is expanded from...
../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1994: AC_CACHE_CHECK is expanded from...
-aclocal.m4:2083: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from...
+aclocal.m4:2085: AM_GNU_GETTEXT is expanded from...
configure.in:651: the top level])
m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([ENABLE_NLS])
m4trace:configure.in:651: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^ENABLE_NLS$])
m4trace:configure.in:805: -2- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_WCWIDTH$])
m4trace:configure.in:805: -2- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_WCTYPE])
m4trace:configure.in:805: -2- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_WCTYPE$])
+m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AC_LIBSOURCE([wcswidth.c])
+m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_WCSWIDTH], [/* Define to 1 if you have the `wcswidth\' function. */
+#undef HAVE_WCSWIDTH])
+m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AC_SUBST([LIB@&t@OBJS], ["$LIB@&t@OBJS $ac_func.$ac_objext"])
+m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AC_SUBST_TRACE([LIB@&t@OBJS])
+m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^LIB@&t@OBJS$])
m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_MBRTOWC])
m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_MBRTOWC$])
m4trace:configure.in:805: -1- AH_OUTPUT([HAVE_MBRTOWC], [/* Define to 1 if mbrtowc and mbstate_t are properly declared. */
You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2592: AC_TRY_RUN is expanded from...
../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from...
-aclocal.m4:1892: BASH_FUNC_CTYPE_NONASCII is expanded from...
+aclocal.m4:1894: BASH_FUNC_CTYPE_NONASCII is expanded from...
configure.in:886: the top level])
m4trace:configure.in:886: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([CTYPE_NON_ASCII])
m4trace:configure.in:886: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^CTYPE_NON_ASCII$])
../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1994: AC_CACHE_CHECK is expanded from...
-aclocal.m4:4037: BASH_FUNC_SNPRINTF is expanded from...
+aclocal.m4:4039: BASH_FUNC_SNPRINTF is expanded from...
configure.in:932: the top level])
m4trace:configure.in:932: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_SNPRINTF])
m4trace:configure.in:932: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_SNPRINTF$])
../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1994: AC_CACHE_CHECK is expanded from...
-aclocal.m4:4065: BASH_FUNC_VSNPRINTF is expanded from...
+aclocal.m4:4067: BASH_FUNC_VSNPRINTF is expanded from...
configure.in:933: the top level])
m4trace:configure.in:933: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([HAVE_VSNPRINTF])
m4trace:configure.in:933: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^HAVE_VSNPRINTF$])
You should run autoupdate.], [../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:2592: AC_TRY_RUN is expanded from...
../../lib/m4sugar/m4sh.m4:505: AS_IF is expanded from...
../../lib/autoconf/general.m4:1974: AC_CACHE_VAL is expanded from...
-aclocal.m4:1936: BASH_CHECK_WCONTINUED is expanded from...
+aclocal.m4:1938: BASH_CHECK_WCONTINUED is expanded from...
configure.in:961: the top level])
m4trace:configure.in:961: -1- AC_DEFINE_TRACE_LITERAL([WCONTINUED_BROKEN])
m4trace:configure.in:961: -1- m4_pattern_allow([^WCONTINUED_BROKEN$])
int cdable_vars;
+static int eflag; /* file scope so bindpwd() can see it */
+
$BUILTIN cd
$FUNCTION cd_builtin
-$SHORT_DOC cd [-L|-P] [dir]
+$SHORT_DOC cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir]
Change the shell working directory.
Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the
-L force symbolic links to be followed
-P use the physical directory structure without following symbolic
links
+ -e if the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory
+ cannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status
The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.
Exit Status:
-Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise.
+Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when
+-P is used; non-zero otherwise.
$END
/* Just set $PWD, don't change OLDPWD. Used by `pwd -P' in posix mode. */
}
setpwd (dirname);
+ if (dirname == 0 && eflag)
+ r = EXECUTION_FAILURE;
if (dirname && dirname != the_current_working_directory)
free (dirname);
}
#endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */
+ eflag = 0;
no_symlinks = no_symbolic_links;
reset_internal_getopt ();
while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "LP")) != -1)
case 'L':
no_symlinks = 0;
break;
+ case 'e':
+ eflag = 1;
+ break;
default:
builtin_usage ();
return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
This file is cd.def, from which is created cd.c. It implements the
builtins "cd" and "pwd" in Bash.
-Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1987-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
$BUILTIN cd
$FUNCTION cd_builtin
-$SHORT_DOC cd [-L|-P] [dir]
+$SHORT_DOC cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [dir]
Change the shell working directory.
Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the
-L force symbolic links to be followed
-P use the physical directory structure without following symbolic
links
+ -e if the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory
+ cannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status
The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.
Exit Status:
-Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise.
+Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when
+-P is used; non-zero otherwise.
$END
/* Just set $PWD, don't change OLDPWD. Used by `pwd -P' in posix mode. */
WORD_LIST *list;
{
char *dirname, *cdpath, *path, *temp;
- int path_index, no_symlinks, opt, lflag;
+ int path_index, no_symlinks, opt, lflag, eflag;
#if defined (RESTRICTED_SHELL)
if (restricted)
}
#endif /* RESTRICTED_SHELL */
+ eflag = 0;
no_symlinks = no_symbolic_links;
reset_internal_getopt ();
while ((opt = internal_getopt (list, "LP")) != -1)
case 'L':
no_symlinks = 0;
break;
+ case 'e':
+ eflag = 1;
+ break;
default:
builtin_usage ();
return (EXECUTION_FAILURE);
/* Define if you have the wctype function. */
#undef HAVE_WCTYPE
+/* Define if you have the wcswidth function. */
+#undef HAVE_WCSWIDTH
+
/* Define if you have the wcwidth function. */
#undef HAVE_WCWIDTH
/* Define if you have the eaccess function. */
#undef HAVE_EACCESS
+/* Define if you have the faccessat function. */
+#undef HAVE_FACCESSAT
+
/* Define if you have the fcntl function. */
#undef HAVE_FCNTL
+for ac_func in wcswidth
+do
+as_ac_var=`$as_echo "ac_cv_func_$ac_func" | $as_tr_sh`
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking for $ac_func" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for $ac_func... " >&6; }
+if { as_var=$as_ac_var; eval "test \"\${$as_var+set}\" = set"; }; then
+ $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+ cat >conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* confdefs.h. */
+_ACEOF
+cat confdefs.h >>conftest.$ac_ext
+cat >>conftest.$ac_ext <<_ACEOF
+/* end confdefs.h. */
+/* Define $ac_func to an innocuous variant, in case <limits.h> declares $ac_func.
+ For example, HP-UX 11i <limits.h> declares gettimeofday. */
+#define $ac_func innocuous_$ac_func
+
+/* System header to define __stub macros and hopefully few prototypes,
+ which can conflict with char $ac_func (); below.
+ Prefer <limits.h> to <assert.h> if __STDC__ is defined, since
+ <limits.h> exists even on freestanding compilers. */
+
+#ifdef __STDC__
+# include <limits.h>
+#else
+# include <assert.h>
+#endif
+
+#undef $ac_func
+
+/* Override any GCC internal prototype to avoid an error.
+ Use char because int might match the return type of a GCC
+ builtin and then its argument prototype would still apply. */
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+#endif
+char $ac_func ();
+/* The GNU C library defines this for functions which it implements
+ to always fail with ENOSYS. Some functions are actually named
+ something starting with __ and the normal name is an alias. */
+#if defined __stub_$ac_func || defined __stub___$ac_func
+choke me
+#endif
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+return $ac_func ();
+ ;
+ return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+rm -f conftest.$ac_objext conftest$ac_exeext
+if { (ac_try="$ac_link"
+case "(($ac_try" in
+ *\"* | *\`* | *\\*) ac_try_echo=\$ac_try;;
+ *) ac_try_echo=$ac_try;;
+esac
+eval ac_try_echo="\"\$as_me:$LINENO: $ac_try_echo\""
+$as_echo "$ac_try_echo") >&5
+ (eval "$ac_link") 2>conftest.er1
+ ac_status=$?
+ grep -v '^ *+' conftest.er1 >conftest.err
+ rm -f conftest.er1
+ cat conftest.err >&5
+ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: \$? = $ac_status" >&5
+ (exit $ac_status); } && {
+ test -z "$ac_c_werror_flag" ||
+ test ! -s conftest.err
+ } && test -s conftest$ac_exeext && {
+ test "$cross_compiling" = yes ||
+ $as_test_x conftest$ac_exeext
+ }; then
+ eval "$as_ac_var=yes"
+else
+ $as_echo "$as_me: failed program was:" >&5
+sed 's/^/| /' conftest.$ac_ext >&5
+
+ eval "$as_ac_var=no"
+fi
+
+rm -rf conftest.dSYM
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext conftest_ipa8_conftest.oo \
+ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+ac_res=`eval 'as_val=${'$as_ac_var'}
+ $as_echo "$as_val"'`
+ { $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: result: $ac_res" >&5
+$as_echo "$ac_res" >&6; }
+as_val=`eval 'as_val=${'$as_ac_var'}
+ $as_echo "$as_val"'`
+ if test "x$as_val" = x""yes; then
+ cat >>confdefs.h <<_ACEOF
+#define `$as_echo "HAVE_$ac_func" | $as_tr_cpp` 1
+_ACEOF
+
+else
+ case " $LIBOBJS " in
+ *" $ac_func.$ac_objext "* ) ;;
+ *) LIBOBJS="$LIBOBJS $ac_func.$ac_objext"
+ ;;
+esac
+
+fi
+done
+
+
+
+
{ $as_echo "$as_me:$LINENO: checking whether mbrtowc and mbstate_t are properly declared" >&5
$as_echo_n "checking whether mbrtowc and mbstate_t are properly declared... " >&6; }
if test "${ac_cv_func_mbrtowc+set}" = set; then
string that specifies how the timing information should be displayed;
see the description of T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs below.
- Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in
+ When the shell is in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by a newline. In
+ this case, the shell displays the total user and system time consumed
+ by the shell and its children. The T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable may be used to
+ specify the format of the time information.
+
+ Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in
a subshell).
L\bLi\bis\bst\bts\bs
- A _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the
+ A _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the
operators ;\b;, &\b&, &\b&&\b&, or |\b||\b|, and optionally terminated by one of ;\b;, &\b&, or
<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>.
Of these list operators, &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| have equal precedence, followed by ;\b;
and &\b&, which have equal precedence.
- A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt instead of a
+ A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt instead of a
semicolon to delimit commands.
- If a command is terminated by the control operator &\b&, the shell exe-
- cutes the command in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd in a subshell. The shell does not
- wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0. Commands
- separated by a ;\b; are executed sequentially; the shell waits for each
- command to terminate in turn. The return status is the exit status of
+ If a command is terminated by the control operator &\b&, the shell exe-
+ cutes the command in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd in a subshell. The shell does not
+ wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0. Commands
+ separated by a ;\b; are executed sequentially; the shell waits for each
+ command to terminate in turn. The return status is the exit status of
the last command executed.
- AND and OR lists are sequences of one of more pipelines separated by
- the &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| control operators, respectively. AND and OR lists are
+ AND and OR lists are sequences of one of more pipelines separated by
+ the &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| control operators, respectively. AND and OR lists are
executed with left associativity. An AND list has the form
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 &\b&&\b& _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if, and only if, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns an exit status
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if, and only if, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns an exit status
of zero.
An OR list has the form
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 |\b||\b| _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if and only if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns a non-zero exit
- status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if and only if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns a non-zero exit
+ status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of
the last command executed in the list.
C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs
A _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is one of the following:
- (_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt) _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in a subshell environment (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bU-\b-
- T\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT below). Variable assignments and builtin com-
- mands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in
- effect after the command completes. The return status is the
+ (_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt) _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in a subshell environment (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bU-\b-
+ T\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT below). Variable assignments and builtin com-
+ mands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in
+ effect after the command completes. The return status is the
exit status of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
{ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; }
- _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is simply executed in the current shell environment. _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- must be terminated with a newline or semicolon. This is known
- as a _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. The return status is the exit status of
- _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. Note that unlike the metacharacters (\b( and )\b), {\b{ and }\b} are
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is simply executed in the current shell environment. _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
+ must be terminated with a newline or semicolon. This is known
+ as a _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. The return status is the exit status of
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. Note that unlike the metacharacters (\b( and )\b), {\b{ and }\b} are
_\br_\be_\bs_\be_\br_\bv_\be_\bd _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs and must occur where a reserved word is permitted
- to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word break, they
- must be separated from _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt by whitespace or another shell
+ to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word break, they
+ must be separated from _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt by whitespace or another shell
metacharacter.
((_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn))
- The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is evaluated according to the rules described
- below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If the value of the expres-
- sion is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return
+ The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is evaluated according to the rules described
+ below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If the value of the expres-
+ sion is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return
status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to l\ble\bet\bt "\b"_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn"\b".
[\b[[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn ]\b]]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described below under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
- Word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the
- words between the [\b[[\b[ and ]\b]]\b]; tilde expansion, parameter and
- variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution,
- process substitution, and quote removal are performed. Condi-
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described below under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ Word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the
+ words between the [\b[[\b[ and ]\b]]\b]; tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution,
+ process substitution, and quote removal are performed. Condi-
tional operators such as -\b-f\bf must be unquoted to be recognized as
primaries.
- When used with [\b[[\b[, The <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically
+ When used with [\b[[\b[, The <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically
using the current locale.
- When the =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b= operators are used, the string to the right
+ When the =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b= operators are used, the string to the right
of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according to
- the rules described below under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg. If the shell
- option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh is enabled, the match is performed without
- regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The return value
- is 0 if the string matches (=\b==\b=) or does not match (!\b!=\b=) the pat-
+ the rules described below under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg. If the shell
+ option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh is enabled, the match is performed without
+ regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The return value
+ is 0 if the string matches (=\b==\b=) or does not match (!\b!=\b=) the pat-
tern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to
force it to be matched as a string.
- An additional binary operator, =\b=~\b~, is available, with the same
- precedence as =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b=. When it is used, the string to the
- right of the operator is considered an extended regular expres-
+ An additional binary operator, =\b=~\b~, is available, with the same
+ precedence as =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b=. When it is used, the string to the
+ right of the operator is considered an extended regular expres-
sion and matched accordingly (as in _\br_\be_\bg_\be_\bx(3)). The return value
is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the
- regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
+ regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
expression's return value is 2. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of
alphabetic characters. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to
- force it to be matched as a string. Substrings matched by
- parenthesized subexpressions within the regular expression are
- saved in the array variable B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH. The element of
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH with index 0 is the portion of the string matching
+ force it to be matched as a string. Substrings matched by
+ parenthesized subexpressions within the regular expression are
+ saved in the array variable B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH. The element of
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH with index 0 is the portion of the string matching
the entire regular expression. The element of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH with
- index _\bn is the portion of the string matching the _\bnth parenthe-
+ index _\bn is the portion of the string matching the _\bnth parenthe-
sized subexpression.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence:
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. This may be used to
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. This may be used to
override the normal precedence of operators.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn
True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is false.
True if either _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b2 is true.
The &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| operators do not evaluate _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b2 if the value
- of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 is sufficient to determine the return value of
+ of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 is sufficient to determine the return value of
the entire conditional expression.
f\bfo\bor\br _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [ [ i\bin\bn [ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\b._\b._\b. ] ] ; ] d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
The list of words following i\bin\bn is expanded, generating a list of
items. The variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to each element of this list in
- turn, and _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed each time. If the i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is omit-
- ted, the f\bfo\bor\br command executes _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt once for each positional
+ turn, and _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed each time. If the i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is omit-
+ ted, the f\bfo\bor\br command executes _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt once for each positional
parameter that is set (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below). The return status
- is the exit status of the last command that executes. If the
+ is the exit status of the last command that executes. If the
expansion of the items following i\bin\bn results in an empty list, no
commands are executed, and the return status is 0.
f\bfo\bor\br (( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ; _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 ; _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b3 )) ; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
First, the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 is evaluated according to
- the rules described below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. The
- arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 is then evaluated repeatedly until
- it evaluates to zero. Each time _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 evaluates to a non-zero
- value, _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed and the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b3 is
- evaluated. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it
+ the rules described below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. The
+ arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 is then evaluated repeatedly until
+ it evaluates to zero. Each time _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 evaluates to a non-zero
+ value, _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed and the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b3 is
+ evaluated. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it
evaluates to 1. The return value is the exit status of the last
command in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt that is executed, or false if any of the expres-
sions is invalid.
s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [ i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd ] ; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
The list of words following i\bin\bn is expanded, generating a list of
- items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard
- error, each preceded by a number. If the i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is omitted,
- the positional parameters are printed (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below).
- The P\bPS\bS3\b3 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the stan-
- dard input. If the line consists of a number corresponding to
- one of the displayed words, then the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to
- that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt are dis-
+ items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard
+ error, each preceded by a number. If the i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is omitted,
+ the positional parameters are printed (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below).
+ The P\bPS\bS3\b3 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the stan-
+ dard input. If the line consists of a number corresponding to
+ one of the displayed words, then the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to
+ that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt are dis-
played again. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other
- value read causes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be set to null. The line read is
- saved in the variable R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed after each
+ value read causes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be set to null. The line read is
+ saved in the variable R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed after each
selection until a b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk command is executed. The exit status of
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt is the exit status of the last command executed in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt is the exit status of the last command executed in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
or zero if no commands were executed.
c\bca\bas\bse\be _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd i\bin\bn [ [(] _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn [ |\b| _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn ] ... ) _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ;; ] ... e\bes\bsa\bac\bc
A c\bca\bas\bse\be command first expands _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and tries to match it against
each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in turn, using the same matching rules as for path-
- name expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn below). The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
- expanded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expan-
- sion, arithmetic substitution, command substitution, process
- substitution and quote removal. Each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn examined is
+ name expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn below). The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
expanded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expan-
+ sion, arithmetic substitution, command substitution, process
+ substitution and quote removal. Each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn examined is
+ expanded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expan-
sion, arithmetic substitution, command substitution, and process
- substitution. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh is enabled, the
- match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic
- characters. When a match is found, the corresponding _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is
+ substitution. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh is enabled, the
+ match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic
+ characters. When a match is found, the corresponding _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is
executed. If the ;\b;;\b; operator is used, no subsequent matches are
- attempted after the first pattern match. Using ;\b;&\b& in place of
- ;\b;;\b; causes execution to continue with the _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt associated with
- the next set of patterns. Using ;\b;;\b;&\b& in place of ;\b;;\b; causes the
- shell to test the next pattern list in the statement, if any,
+ attempted after the first pattern match. Using ;\b;&\b& in place of
+ ;\b;;\b; causes execution to continue with the _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt associated with
+ the next set of patterns. Using ;\b;;\b;&\b& in place of ;\b;;\b; causes the
+ shell to test the next pattern list in the statement, if any,
and execute any associated _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt on a successful match. The exit
status is zero if no pattern matches. Otherwise, it is the exit
status of the last command executed in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
i\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; t\bth\bhe\ben\bn _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b; [ e\bel\bli\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; t\bth\bhe\ben\bn _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; ] ... [ e\bel\bls\bse\be _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; ] f\bfi\bi
- The i\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. If its exit status is zero, the t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
- _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. Otherwise, each e\bel\bli\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in
- turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
+ The i\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. If its exit status is zero, the t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. Otherwise, each e\bel\bli\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in
+ turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed and the command completes. Otherwise, the e\bel\bls\bse\be
- _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit sta-
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit sta-
tus of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested
true.
w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
- The w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be command continuously executes the d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt as long as
- the last command in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt returns an exit status of zero. The
+ The w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be command continuously executes the d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt as long as
+ the last command in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt returns an exit status of zero. The
u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl command is identical to the w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be command, except that the
- test is negated; the d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed as long as the last
+ test is negated; the d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed as long as the last
command in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt returns a non-zero exit status. The exit status
- of the w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be and u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl commands is the exit status of the last
+ of the w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be and u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl commands is the exit status of the last
d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt command executed, or zero if none was executed.
C\bCo\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bse\bes\bs
A _\bc_\bo_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs is a shell command preceded by the c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc reserved word. A
- coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
- had been terminated with the &\b& control operator, with a two-way pipe
+ coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
+ had been terminated with the &\b& control operator, with a two-way pipe
established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
The format for a coprocess is:
c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc [_\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs]
- This creates a coprocess named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE. If _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is not supplied, the
+ This creates a coprocess named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE. If _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is not supplied, the
default name is _\bC_\bO_\bP_\bR_\bO_\bC. _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE must not be supplied if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\b-
_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word
- of the simple command. When the coproc is executed, the shell creates
- an array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE in the context of the
- executing shell. The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a
- pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file
- descriptor is assigned to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[0]. The standard input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and
- that file descriptor is assigned to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[1]. This pipe is established
- before any redirections specified by the command (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell
- commands and redirections using standard word expansions. The process
- id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the
- value of the variable _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE_PID. The w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin command may be used
+ of the simple command. When the coproc is executed, the shell creates
+ an array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE in the context of the
+ executing shell. The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a
+ pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file
+ descriptor is assigned to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[0]. The standard input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and
+ that file descriptor is assigned to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[1]. This pipe is established
+ before any redirections specified by the command (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell
+ commands and redirections using standard word expansions. The process
+ id of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the
+ value of the variable _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE_PID. The w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin command may be used
to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl F\bFu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn D\bDe\bef\bfi\bin\bni\bit\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
- A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and
- executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters.
+ A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and
+ executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters.
Shell functions are declared as follows:
[ f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn ] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be () _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn]
- This defines a function named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The reserved word f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
- is optional. If the f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn reserved word is supplied, the
- parentheses are optional. The _\bb_\bo_\bd_\by of the function is the com-
- pound command _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above).
- That command is usually a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt of commands between { and }, but
- may be any command listed under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ This defines a function named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The reserved word f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ is optional. If the f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn reserved word is supplied, the
+ parentheses are optional. The _\bb_\bo_\bd_\by of the function is the com-
+ pound command _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above).
+ That command is usually a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt of commands between { and }, but
+ may be any command listed under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed whenever _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is specified as the name
- of a simple command. Any redirections (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below)
- specified when a function is defined are performed when the
- function is executed. The exit status of a function definition
+ of a simple command. Any redirections (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below)
+ specified when a function is defined are performed when the
+ function is executed. The exit status of a function definition
is zero unless a syntax error occurs or a readonly function with
the same name already exists. When executed, the exit status of
- a function is the exit status of the last command executed in
+ a function is the exit status of the last command executed in
the body. (See F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below.)
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\br-\b-
- a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin is enabled (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), a word beginning with #\b# causes that word and
- all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive
- shell without the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option enabled does not allow
+ a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin is enabled (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), a word beginning with #\b# causes that word and
+ all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive
+ shell without the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option enabled does not allow
comments. The i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option is on by default in interac-
tive shells.
Q\bQU\bUO\bOT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
- _\bQ_\bu_\bo_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or
- words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment
+ _\bQ_\bu_\bo_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or
+ words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment
for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized
as such, and to prevent parameter expansion.
- Each of the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs listed above under D\bDE\bEF\bFI\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS has special
+ Each of the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs listed above under D\bDE\bEF\bFI\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS has special
meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself.
- When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
+ When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below), the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, usually !\b!, must
be quoted to prevent history expansion.
- There are three quoting mechanisms: the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br, single
+ There are three quoting mechanisms: the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br, single
quotes, and double quotes.
- A non-quoted backslash (\\b\) is the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br. It preserves the
+ A non-quoted backslash (\\b\) is the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br. It preserves the
literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of
- <newline>. If a \\b\<newline> pair appears, and the backslash is not
- itself quoted, the \\b\<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that
+ <newline>. If a \\b\<newline> pair appears, and the backslash is not
+ itself quoted, the \\b\<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that
is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored).
- Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of
+ Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of
each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur between
single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
- Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of
- all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $\b$, `\b`, \\b\, and,
- when history expansion is enabled, !\b!. The characters $\b$ and `\b` retain
- their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its
- special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters:
- $\b$, `\b`, "\b", \\b\, or <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>. A double quote may be quoted within double
+ Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of
+ all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $\b$, `\b`, \\b\, and,
+ when history expansion is enabled, !\b!. The characters $\b$ and `\b` retain
+ their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its
+ special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters:
+ $\b$, `\b`, "\b", \\b\, or <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>. A double quote may be quoted within double
quotes by preceding it with a backslash. If enabled, history expansion
- will be performed unless an !\b! appearing in double quotes is escaped
+ will be performed unless an !\b! appearing in double quotes is escaped
using a backslash. The backslash preceding the !\b! is not removed.
- The special parameters *\b* and @\b@ have special meaning when in double
+ The special parameters *\b* and @\b@ have special meaning when in double
quotes (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below).
Words of the form $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' are treated specially. The word expands to
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the
- ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the
+ ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded
as follows:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\\\b\ backslash
\\b\'\b' single quote
\\b\"\b" double quote
- \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
+ \\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
\\b\c\bc_\bx a control-_\bx character
- The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
+ The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
been present.
A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg") will cause
- the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the
- current locale is C\bC or P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the
+ the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the
+ current locale is C\bC or P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the
string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.
P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS
- A _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an entity that stores values. It can be a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a num-
+ A _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an entity that stores values. It can be a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a num-
ber, or one of the special characters listed below under S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bm-\b-
- e\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be is a parameter denoted by a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. A variable has a
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be and zero or more _\ba_\bt_\bt_\br_\bi_\bb_\bu_\bt_\be_\bs. Attributes are assigned using the
- d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin command (see d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be below in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS).
+ e\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be is a parameter denoted by a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. A variable has a
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be and zero or more _\ba_\bt_\bt_\br_\bi_\bb_\bu_\bt_\be_\bs. Attributes are assigned using the
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin command (see d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be below in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS).
A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
- a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
+ a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be may be assigned to by a statement of the form
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=[_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be]
- If _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\bs undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bN-\b-
+ If _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\bs undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com-
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bN-\b-
S\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). If the variable has its i\bin\bnt\bte\beg\bge\ber\br attribute set, then _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) expansion
- is not used (see A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn below). Word splitting is not
- performed, with the exception of "\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" as explained below under S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl
- P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment state-
- ments may also appear as arguments to the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt,
+ is not used (see A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn below). Word splitting is not
+ performed, with the exception of "\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" as explained below under S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment state-
+ ments may also appear as arguments to the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt,
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt, r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by, and l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin commands.
- In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a
+ In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a
shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to
or add to the variable's previous value. When += is applied to a vari-
- able for which the integer attribute has been set, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is evaluated
- as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value,
+ able for which the integer attribute has been set, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is evaluated
+ as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value,
which is also evaluated. When += is applied to an array variable using
- compound assignment (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below), the variable's value is not
+ compound assignment (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below), the variable's value is not
unset (as it is when using =), and new values are appended to the array
- beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed
+ beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed
arrays) or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array.
- When applied to a string-valued variable, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is expanded and
+ When applied to a string-valued variable, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is expanded and
appended to the variable's value.
P\bPo\bos\bsi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- A _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a parameter denoted by one or more digits,
+ A _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a parameter denoted by one or more digits,
other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are assigned from
- the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using
- the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
- with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily
+ the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using
+ the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
+ with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily
replaced when a shell function is executed (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below).
- When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is
+ When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is
expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below).
S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
+ The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
- *\b* Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
- the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a sin-
+ *\b* Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
+ the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a sin-
gle word with the value of each parameter separated by the first
character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. That is, "$\b$*\b*" is equiva-
lent to "$\b$1\b1_\bc$\b$2\b2_\bc.\b..\b..\b.", where _\bc is the first character of the value
- of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, the parameters are sepa-
- rated by spaces. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, the parameters are joined
+ of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, the parameters are sepa-
+ rated by spaces. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, the parameters are joined
without intervening separators.
- @\b@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
+ @\b@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter
expands to a separate word. That is, "$\b$@\b@" is equivalent to "$\b$1\b1"
- "$\b$2\b2" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word,
- the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin-
- ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last
- parameter is joined with the last part of the original word.
- When there are no positional parameters, "$\b$@\b@" and $\b$@\b@ expand to
+ "$\b$2\b2" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word,
+ the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin-
+ ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last
+ parameter is joined with the last part of the original word.
+ When there are no positional parameters, "$\b$@\b@" and $\b$@\b@ expand to
nothing (i.e., they are removed).
#\b# Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
- ?\b? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore-
+ ?\b? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore-
ground pipeline.
- -\b- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca-
- tion, by the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, or those set by the shell
+ -\b- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca-
+ tion, by the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, or those set by the shell
itself (such as the -\b-i\bi option).
- $\b$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it
- expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub-
+ $\b$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it
+ expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub-
shell.
- !\b! Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed back-
+ !\b! Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed back-
ground (asynchronous) command.
- 0\b0 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set
+ 0\b0 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set
at shell initialization. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with a file of com-
- mands, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of that file. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started
- with the -\b-c\bc option, then $\b$0\b0 is set to the first argument after
- the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is
- set to the file name used to invoke b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, as given by argument
+ mands, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of that file. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started
+ with the -\b-c\bc option, then $\b$0\b0 is set to the first argument after
+ the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is
+ set to the file name used to invoke b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, as given by argument
zero.
- _\b_ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke
- the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi-
- ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last
- argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to
- the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and
+ _\b_ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke
+ the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi-
+ ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last
+ argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to
+ the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and
placed in the environment exported to that command. When check-
- ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur-
+ ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur-
rently being checked.
S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
The following variables are set by the shell:
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH Expands to the full file name used to invoke this instance of
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
- the list is a valid argument for the -\b-s\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+ the list is a valid argument for the -\b-s\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The options
- appearing in B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt. If
- this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
- shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
+ appearing in B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt. If
+ this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
+ shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
startup files. This variable is read-only.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD
- Expands to the process id of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh process. This
- differs from $\b$$\b$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells
+ Expands to the process id of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh process. This
+ differs from $\b$$\b$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells
that do not require b\bba\bas\bsh\bh to be re-initialized.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
- An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
- internal list of aliases as maintained by the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin.
+ An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
+ internal list of aliases as maintained by the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin.
Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting
- array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
+ array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC
- An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in
+ An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in
each frame of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh execution call stack. The number
- of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or
- script executed with .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) is at the top of the stack.
- When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed
+ of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or
+ script executed with .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) is at the top of the stack.
+ When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed
is pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC. The shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC only when in
- extended debugging mode (see the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
+ extended debugging mode (see the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below)
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV
- An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur-
+ An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur-
rent b\bba\bas\bsh\bh execution call stack. The final parameter of the last
- subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter
+ subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter
of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is exe-
- cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV. The
- shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV only when in extended debugging mode (see
- the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
+ cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV. The
+ shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV only when in extended debugging mode (see
+ the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
below)
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS
- An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
- internal hash table of commands as maintained by the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh
+ An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
+ internal hash table of commands as maintained by the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh
builtin. Elements added to this array appear in the hash table;
- unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed from the
+ unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed from the
hash table.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- The command currently being executed or about to be executed,
+ The command currently being executed or about to be executed,
unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
- in which case it is the command executing at the time of the
+ in which case it is the command executing at the time of the
trap.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN_\b_S\bST\bTR\bRI\bIN\bNG\bG
The command argument to the -\b-c\bc invocation option.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO
- An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source
- files corresponding to each member of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE.
- $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is the line number in the source file where
- $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called (or $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b-_\b1]\b]}\b} if refer-
- enced within another shell function). The corresponding source
- file name is $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b}. Use L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO to obtain the cur-
+ An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source
+ files corresponding to each member of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE.
+ $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is the line number in the source file where
+ $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called (or $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b-_\b1]\b]}\b} if refer-
+ enced within another shell function). The corresponding source
+ file name is $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b}. Use L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO to obtain the cur-
rent line number.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH
- An array variable whose members are assigned by the =\b=~\b~ binary
- operator to the [\b[[\b[ conditional command. The element with index
- 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular
- expression. The element with index _\bn is the portion of the
+ An array variable whose members are assigned by the =\b=~\b~ binary
+ operator to the [\b[[\b[ conditional command. The element with index
+ 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular
+ expression. The element with index _\bn is the portion of the
string matching the _\bnth parenthesized subexpression. This vari-
able is read-only.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE
- An array variable whose members are the source filenames corre-
+ An array variable whose members are the source filenames corre-
sponding to the elements in the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE array variable.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment
+ Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell environment
is spawned. The initial value is 0.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO
A readonly array variable whose members hold version information
- for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The values assigned to the array
+ for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The values assigned to the array
members are as follows:
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[0]\b] The major version number (the _\br_\be_\bl_\be_\ba_\bs_\be).
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[1]\b] The minor version number (the _\bv_\be_\br_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn).
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[0]\b] The major version number (the _\br_\be_\bl_\be_\ba_\bs_\be).
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[1]\b] The minor version number (the _\bv_\be_\br_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn).
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[2]\b] The patch level.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[3]\b] The build version.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[4]\b] The release status (e.g., _\bb_\be_\bt_\ba_\b1).
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[5]\b] The value of M\bMA\bAC\bCH\bHT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
+ Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
- An index into $\b${\b{C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS}\b} of the word containing the current
+ An index into $\b${\b{C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS}\b} of the word containing the current
cursor position. This variable is available only in shell func-
- tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
+ tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY
rent completion function.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
- The current command line. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
- grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ The current command line. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
+ grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT
- The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin-
- ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is
+ The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin-
+ ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is
at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is
- equal to $\b${\b{#\b#C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE}\b}. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
- grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ equal to $\b${\b{#\b#C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE}\b}. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
+ grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion
- attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _\bT_\bA_\bB,
- for normal completion, _\b?, for listing completions after succes-
- sive tabs, _\b!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple-
- tion, _\b@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or
- _\b%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
- grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion
+ attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _\bT_\bA_\bB,
+ for normal completion, _\b?, for listing completions after succes-
+ sive tabs, _\b!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple-
+ tion, _\b@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or
+ _\b%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
+ grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
- The set of characters that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library treats as word
- separators when performing word completion. If C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
- is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
+ The set of characters that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library treats as word
+ separators when performing word completion. If C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
+ is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
quently reset.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) consisting of the individ-
- ual words in the current command line. The line is split into
- words as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be would split it, using C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS as
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) consisting of the individ-
+ ual words in the current command line. The line is split into
+ words as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be would split it, using C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS as
described above. This variable is available only in shell func-
- tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
+ tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
- C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the file
- descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess
+ C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the file
+ descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess
(see C\bCo\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bse\bes\bs above).
D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK
An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing the current con-
- tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack
- in the order they are displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin. Assigning
+ tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack
+ in the order they are displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin. Assigning
to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo-
- ries already in the stack, but the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd and p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd builtins must
+ ries already in the stack, but the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd and p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd builtins must
be used to add and remove directories. Assignment to this vari-
- able will not change the current directory. If D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK is
- unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
+ able will not change the current directory. If D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK is
+ unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
quently reset.
- E\bEU\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial-
+ E\bEU\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial-
ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly.
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
- An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
+ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0
is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot-
- tom-most element is "main". This variable exists only when a
- shell function is executing. Assignments to F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE have no
- effect and return an error status. If F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE is unset, it
- loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
-
- G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
- current user is a member. Assignments to G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS have no effect
- and return an error status. If G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS is unset, it loses its
+ tom-most element is "main". This variable exists only when a
+ shell function is executing. Assignments to F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE have no
+ effect and return an error status. If F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE is unset, it
+ loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
+
+ G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
+ current user is a member. Assignments to G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS have no effect
+ and return an error status. If G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS is unset, it loses its
special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD
The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
- command. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD is unset, it loses its special properties,
+ command. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD is unset, it loses its special properties,
even if it is subsequently reset.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
Automatically set to the name of the current host.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type
- of machine on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-
+ Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type
+ of machine on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-
dependent.
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a
- decimal number representing the current sequential line number
- (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
- script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a
+ decimal number representing the current sequential line number
+ (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
+ script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
be meaningful. If L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO is unset, it loses its special proper-
ties, even if it is subsequently reset.
M\bMA\bAC\bCH\bHT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
- type on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing, in the standard GNU _\bc_\bp_\bu_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
+ type on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing, in the standard GNU _\bc_\bp_\bu_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bn_\by_\b-_\bs_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm format. The default is system-dependent.
M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the text
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the text
read by the m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be builtin when no variable name is supplied.
O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD The previous working directory as set by the c\bcd\bd command.
- O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG The value of the last option argument processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG The value of the last option argument processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD The index of the next argument to be processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD The index of the next argument to be processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOS\bST\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys-
- tem on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-depen-
+ O\bOS\bST\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys-
+ tem on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-depen-
dent.
P\bPI\bIP\bPE\bES\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing a list of exit
- status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing a list of exit
+ status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed
foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command).
- P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read-
+ P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read-
only.
P\bPW\bWD\bD The current working directory as set by the c\bcd\bd command.
R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between
0 and 32767 is generated. The sequence of random numbers may be
initialized by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM. If R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is unset,
- it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
+ it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
reset.
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
The position of the insertion point in the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer,
for use with "bind -x" (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY Set to the line of input read by the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin command when
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY Set to the line of input read by the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin command when
no arguments are supplied.
S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS
- Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds
- since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to
- S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the
- number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
+ Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds
+ since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to
+ S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the
+ number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
If S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it
is subsequently reset.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
- the list is a valid argument for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+ the list is a valid argument for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The options
- appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
- this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
- shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
+ appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
+ this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
+ shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
startup files. This variable is read-only.
S\bSH\bHL\bLV\bVL\bL Incremented by one each time an instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started.
U\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell
startup. This variable is readonly.
- The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV
- If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
- its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
+ If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
+ its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
initialize the shell, as in _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc. The value of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV is
- subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and
- arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a file name.
+ subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and
+ arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a file name.
P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used to search for the resultant file name.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD
- If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will write the trace output generated when _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bx is
- enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed
- when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace
- output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting
+ If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will write the trace output generated when _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bx is
+ enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed
+ when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace
+ output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then
unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed.
- C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
- list of directories in which the shell looks for destination
- directories specified by the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
+ list of directories in which the shell looks for destination
+ directories specified by the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
".:~:/usr".
C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS
- Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt builtin command to determine the terminal
- width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon
+ Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt builtin command to determine the terminal
+ width when printing selection lists. Automatically set upon
receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
An array variable from which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads the possible completions
- generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
+ generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
pletion facility (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
- E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
- starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
+ E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
+ starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
an emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
- E\bEN\bNV\bV Similar to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX
+ E\bEN\bNV\bV Similar to B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV; used when the shell is invoked in POSIX
mode.
F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT The default editor for the f\bfc\bc builtin command.
F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
+ A colon-separated list of suffixes to ignore when performing
filename completion (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below). A filename whose suf-
- fix matches one of the entries in F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is excluded from the
+ fix matches one of the entries in F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is excluded from the
list of matched filenames. A sample value is ".o:~".
+ F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT
+ If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum
+ function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this
+ nesting level will cause the current command to abort.
G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames
to be ignored by pathname expansion. If a filename matched by a
- pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in
+ pathname expansion pattern also matches one of the patterns in
G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE, it is removed from the list of matches.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL
- A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
- saved on the history list. If the list of values includes
- _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
- saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
+ A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are
+ saved on the history list. If the list of values includes
+ _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be, lines which begin with a s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be character are not
+ saved in the history list. A value of _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes lines
matching the previous history entry to not be saved. A value of
_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bb_\bo_\bt_\bh is shorthand for _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bs_\bp_\ba_\bc_\be and _\bi_\bg_\bn_\bo_\br_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs. A value
of _\be_\br_\ba_\bs_\be_\bd_\bu_\bp_\bs causes all previous lines matching the current line
- to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
- Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
- unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
+ to be removed from the history list before that line is saved.
+ Any value not in the above list is ignored. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL is
+ unset, or does not include a valid value, all lines read by the
shell parser are saved on the history list, subject to the value
- of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
- compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
+ of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The second and subsequent lines of a multi-line
+ compound command are not tested, and are added to the history
regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
The name of the file in which command history is saved (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
- T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by. If unset,
- the command history is not saved when an interactive shell
+ T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by. If unset,
+ the command history is not saved when an interactive shell
exits.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When
- this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
- cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain
- no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500.
+ this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
+ cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain
+ no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500.
The history file is also truncated to this size after writing it
when an interactive shell exits.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
- lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
- anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com-
- plete line (no implicit `*\b*' is appended). Each pattern is
- tested against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bN-\b-
- T\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern
+ A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
+ lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
+ anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com-
+ plete line (no implicit `*\b*' is appended). Each pattern is
+ tested against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bN-\b-
+ T\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern
matching characters, `&\b&' matches the previous history line. `&\b&'
- may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed
+ may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed
before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a
multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the
history regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
+ The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is 500.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
+ If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to print the time stamp associated
- with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
- this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history
- file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
- the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+ with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
+ this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history
+ file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
+ the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
other history lines.
H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for
the c\bcd\bd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used
when performing tilde expansion.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
- Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
+ Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
- The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
- the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is
- attempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
- the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
- no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
- read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
+ The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
+ the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is
+ attempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
+ the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
+ no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
+ read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
tions. When H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
- I\bIF\bFS\bS The _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd _\bS_\be_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br that is used for word splitting
- after expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS The _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd _\bS_\be_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br that is used for word splitting
+ after expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
builtin command. The default value is ``<space><tab><new-
line>''.
I\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bEE\bEO\bOF\bF
Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an E\bEO\bOF\bF
character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of
- consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
- characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
- exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
- default value is 10. If it does not exist, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the
+ consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
+ characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
+ exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
+ default value is 10. If it does not exist, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the
end of input to the shell.
I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC
- The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the
+ The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the
default of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below).
- L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
+ L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
specifically selected with a variable starting with L\bLC\bC_\b_.
- L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
variable specifying a locale category.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE
- This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
- the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
- of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating
+ This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
+ the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
+ of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating
sequences within pathname expansion and pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
- the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
+ This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
+ the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_M\bME\bES\bSS\bSA\bAG\bGE\bES\bS
- This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
+ This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
quoted strings preceded by a $\b$.
L\bLC\bC_\b_N\bNU\bUM\bME\bER\bRI\bIC\bC
- This variable determines the locale category used for number
+ This variable determines the locale category used for number
formatting.
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt builtin command to determine the column
- length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt builtin command to determine the column
+ length for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon
receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
- M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If this parameter is set to a file name and the M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH vari-
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If this parameter is set to a file name and the M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH vari-
able is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the arrival of mail in
the specified file.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLC\bCH\bHE\bEC\bCK\bK
- Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The
- default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
- shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
- variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+ Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The
+ default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
+ shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
+ variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- A colon-separated list of file names to be checked for mail.
+ A colon-separated list of file names to be checked for mail.
The message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file
- may be specified by separating the file name from the message
+ may be specified by separating the file name from the message
with a `?'. When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to
the name of the current mailfile. Example:
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has
mail!"'
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca-
- tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca-
+ tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent
(e.g., /var/mail/$\b$U\bUS\bSE\bER\bR).
O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR If set to the value 1, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays error messages generated by
- the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
+ the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
shell script is executed.
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
- directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
+ directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
+ E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH indicates the current directory. A null directory
- name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
- trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
- set by the administrator who installs b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. A common value is
+ name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
+ trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
+ set by the administrator who installs b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. A common value is
``/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin''.
P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bXL\bLY\bY_\b_C\bCO\bOR\bRR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bT
- If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
- shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
- the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
- while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
+ If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
+ shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
+ the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
+ while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
command _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bo _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx had been executed.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each
primary prompt.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM
- If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
+ If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding
- the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
+ the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
- P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
- and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
+ P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
``\\b\s\bs-\b-\\b\v\bv\\b\$\b$ ''.
- P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
+ P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>\b> ''.
P\bPS\bS3\b3 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above).
- P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
- value is printed before each command b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays during an
- execution trace. The first character of P\bPS\bS4\b4 is replicated mul-
- tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi-
+ P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
+ value is printed before each command b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays during an
+ execution trace. The first character of P\bPS\bS4\b4 is replicated mul-
+ tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi-
rection. The default is ``+\b+ ''.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari-
- able. If it is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to
+ able. If it is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to
it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
- ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
- t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
- duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
- other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
+ The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
+ ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
+ t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
+ duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
+ other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
as follows; the braces denote optional portions.
%\b%%\b% A literal %\b%.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]R\bR The elapsed time in seconds.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]S\bS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
%\b%P\bP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
- The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
+ The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes
no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places
- after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
- than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
+ after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
+ than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
used.
- The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
- the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
+ The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
+ the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
the fraction is included.
- If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
- $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null, no
- timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added
+ If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
+ $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null, no
+ timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added
when the format string is displayed.
- T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT is treated as the
+ T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT is treated as the
default timeout for the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin. The s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command termi-
nates if input does not arrive after T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT seconds when input is
- coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is
- interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after
- issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting for
+ coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is
+ interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after
+ issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting for
that number of seconds if input does not arrive.
- T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
+ T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh creates temporary files for the shell's use.
a\bau\but\bto\bo_\b_r\bre\bes\bsu\bum\bme\be
This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
- job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com-
+ job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com-
mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump-
tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed;
- if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed,
- the job most recently accessed is selected. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a
- stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
- it. If set to the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the string supplied must match
- the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the
- string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
- stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value provides functionality analo-
- gous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set
- to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a
+ if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed,
+ the job most recently accessed is selected. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a
+ stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
+ it. If set to the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the string supplied must match
+ the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the
+ string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
+ stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value provides functionality analo-
+ gous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set
+ to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a
stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the
%\b%_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg job identifier.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs
- The two or three characters which control history expansion and
+ The two or three characters which control history expansion and
tokenization (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). The first character
- is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
- the start of a history expansion, normally `!\b!'. The second
- character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
- shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
- tuting one string for another in the command. The default is
- `^\b^'. The optional third character is the character which indi-
- cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
- the first character of a word, normally `#\b#'. The history com-
+ is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
+ the start of a history expansion, normally `!\b!'. The second
+ character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
+ shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
+ tuting one string for another in the command. The default is
+ `^\b^'. The optional third character is the character which indi-
+ cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
+ the first character of a word, normally `#\b#'. The history com-
ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
- remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the
+ remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the
shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
- Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
- explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
- an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
- tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
- arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
+ Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
+ explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
+ an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
+ tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
+ arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are
referenced using arbitrary strings.
- An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
+ An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
to using the syntax _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is treated as
an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number greater than or
- equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba
+ equal to zero. To explicitly declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is
also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is ignored.
Associative arrays are created using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-A\bA _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
- Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1 ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Indexed array assignments do not require the bracket
- and subscript. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional
- brackets and subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; other-
+ Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1 ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Indexed array assignments do not require the bracket
+ and subscript. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional
+ brackets and subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; other-
wise the index of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by
the statement plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
- This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
- elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax
+ This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
+ elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax
introduced above.
- Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}.
+ Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}.
The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If
- _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. These
- subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
+ _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. These
+ subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
the word is double-quoted, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[*]} expands to a single word with the
- value of each array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ value of each array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS
special variable, and ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands each element of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to a sep-
- arate word. When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to
- nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the
- expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of
- the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
- with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the
- expansion of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- above). ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, the expansion is the number of ele-
- ments in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript
+ arate word. When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to
+ nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the
+ expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of
+ the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
+ with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the
+ expansion of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
+ above). ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, the expansion is the number of ele-
+ ments in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript
is equivalent to referencing the array with a subscript of 0.
- An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
+ An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
value. The null string is a valid value.
- The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin is used to destroy arrays. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]
- destroys the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. Care must be taken to
- avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
- where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, or u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt], where _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b*
+ The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin is used to destroy arrays. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]
+ destroys the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. Care must be taken to
+ avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, or u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt], where _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b*
or @\b@, removes the entire array.
- The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
- specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative
- array. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words
+ The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
+ specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative
+ array. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words
read from the standard input to an array. The s\bse\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtins
- display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assign-
+ display array values in a way that allows them to be reused as assign-
ments.
E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
- words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
- _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
+ words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
+ _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\ba_\br_\bi_\bt_\bh_\bm_\be_\bt_\bi_\bc _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg, and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn.
- The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame-
- ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done
+ The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame-
+ ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done
in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname expansion.
On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail-
able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn.
Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change
- the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single
- word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions
+ the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single
+ word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions
of "$\b$@\b@" and "$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[@\b@]\b]}\b}" as explained above (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS).
B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
_\bB_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener-
- ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
+ ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the
form of an optional _\bp_\br_\be_\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be, followed by either a series of comma-sep-
- arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
- lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
+ arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
+ lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended
to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
- Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
- are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
+ Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
+ are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
a{\b{d,c,b}\b}e expands into `ade ace abe'.
- A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
- either integers or single characters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment,
- is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to
- each number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre-
- fixed with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx
- or _\by begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated
- terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces-
- sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each
+ A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
+ either integers or single characters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment,
+ is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to
+ each number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre-
+ fixed with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx
+ or _\by begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated
+ terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces-
+ sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each
character lexicographically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Note that both
- _\bx and _\by must be of the same type. When the increment is supplied, it
- is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is
+ _\bx and _\by must be of the same type. When the increment is supplied, it
+ is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is
1 or -1 as appropriate.
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char-
- acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
- strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
+ acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
+ strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
the context of the expansion or the text between the braces.
- A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
- closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence
- expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
+ A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
+ closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence
+ expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
A {\b{ or ,\b, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered
- part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
+ part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
sion, the string $\b${\b{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of
or
chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
- Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
- versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
- when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
- For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
- the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+ Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
+ versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
+ when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
+ For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
+ the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+\b+B\bB option or disable brace expansion with the +\b+B\bB option to the s\bse\bet\bt com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
- characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
- there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
- the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
- tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
- value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
- tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
- wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
+ If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
+ characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
+ there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
+ the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
+ tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+ value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
+ tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
+ wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
with the specified login name.
- If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD
+ If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD
replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of
- the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
- acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
- optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
+ the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
+ acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
+ optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be
displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu-
- ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
+ ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed.
If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is
Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi-
ately following a :\b: or the first =\b=. In these cases, tilde expansion is
- also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in
- assignments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the
+ also performed. Consequently, one may use file names with tildes in
+ assignments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the
expanded value.
P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
The `$\b$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution,
- or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
- may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
- variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
+ or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
+ may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
+ variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
could be interpreted as part of the name.
- When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
- escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
+ When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
+ escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter
expansion.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
- when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
+ The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
+ when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
digit, or when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is followed by a character which is not
to be interpreted as part of its name.
- If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), a
- level of variable indirection is introduced. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of
+ If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), a
+ level of variable indirection is introduced. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of
the variable formed from the rest of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as the name of the vari-
able; this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest
- of the substitution, rather than the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br itself. This
- is known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The exceptions to this are the expan-
- sions of ${!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The exclamation
- point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce
+ of the substitution, rather than the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br itself. This
+ is known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The exceptions to this are the expan-
+ sions of ${!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The exclamation
+ point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce
indirection.
In each of the cases below, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is subject to tilde expansion, parame-
ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
- When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented
- below, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the
+ When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented
+ below, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the
colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:-\b-_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:=\b=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the
+ A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the
expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is assigned to _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
- _\be_\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special
parameters may not be assigned to in this way.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:?\b?_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
- the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
- not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
+ D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
+ the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
+ not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:+\b+_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
+ U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
substituted, otherwise the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt:\b:_\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh}
- S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn.\b. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If
- _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br start-
+ S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn.\b. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If
+ _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br start-
ing at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt are
- arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
- _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
- If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
- used as an offset from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parameters
+ arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
+ _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh must evaluate to a number greater than or equal to zero.
+ If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is
+ used as an offset from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh positional parameters
beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an indexed array name sub-
- scripted by @ or *, the result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the
+ scripted by @ or *, the result is the _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the
array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}. A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is
- taken relative to one greater than the maximum index of the
- specified array. Substring expansion applied to an associative
- array produces undefined results. Note that a negative offset
- must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid
- being confused with the :- expansion. Substring indexing is
- zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in which
- case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and
- the positional parameters are used, $\b$0\b0 is prefixed to the list.
+ taken relative to one greater than the maximum index of the
+ specified array. Substring expansion applied to an associative
+ array produces undefined results. Note that a negative offset
+ must be separated from the colon by at least one space to avoid
+ being confused with the :- expansion. Substring indexing is
+ zero-based unless the positional parameters are used, in which
+ case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and
+ the positional parameters are used, $\b$0\b0 is prefixed to the list.
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*}
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx@\b@}
- N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx.\b. Expands to the names of variables whose
+ N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx.\b. Expands to the names of variables whose
names begin with _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx, separated by the first character of the
- I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
- within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
+ within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
word.
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]}
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]}
- L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs.\b. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
- the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
- When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
+ L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs.\b. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
+ the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
+ When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
each key expands to a separate word.
${#\b#_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh.\b. The length in characters of the value of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
- substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh.\b. The length in characters of the value of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
+ substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
tuted is the number of elements in the array.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b##\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn.\b. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches
- the beginning of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the
- expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
- matching pattern (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pat-
- tern (the ``#\b##\b#'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
- pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
+ the beginning of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the
+ expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
+ matching pattern (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pat-
+ tern (the ``#\b##\b#'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
+ pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
- _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
- removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
+ removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg s\bsu\buf\bff\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn.\b. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches
- a trailing portion of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the
- result of the expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with
- the shortest matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest
- matching pattern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@
- or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi-
- tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
- list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
- *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of
+ a trailing portion of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the
+ result of the expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with
+ the shortest matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest
+ matching pattern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@
+ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi-
+ tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
+ *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of
the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn.\b. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to produce a pat-
- tern just as in pathname expansion. _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
- the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with /\b/, all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are
- replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Normally only the first match is
+ tern just as in pathname expansion. _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
+ the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with /\b/, all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are
+ replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Normally only the first match is
replaced. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with #\b#, it must match at the begin-
ning of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with
- %\b%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
+ %\b%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
If _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted and the /\b/ fol-
lowing _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn may be omitted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the sub-
- stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in
- turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
- an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution
- operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and
+ stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in
+ turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
+ an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution
+ operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and
the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
- C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn.\b. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
- betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
- duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^\b^ operator
- converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to uppercase; the ,\b,
- operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The
- ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
- expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
- the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
- ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
- to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
- resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
- with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
- member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn.\b. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
+ betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
+ duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^\b^ operator
+ converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to uppercase; the ,\b,
+ operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The
+ ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
+ expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
+ the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
+ ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
+ to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
+ resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
+ with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
+ member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
list.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
`\b`_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd`\b`
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh performs the expansion by executing _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd and replacing the com-
- mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any
+ mand substitution with the standard output of the command, with any
trailing newlines deleted. Embedded newlines are not deleted, but they
- may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt
+ may be removed during word splitting. The command substitution $\b$(\b(c\bca\bat\bt
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b) can be replaced by the equivalent but faster $\b$(\b(<\b< _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be)\b).
- When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
- retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
+ When the old-style backquote form of substitution is used, backslash
+ retains its literal meaning except when followed by $\b$, `\b`, or \\b\. The
first backquote not preceded by a backslash terminates the command sub-
- stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
+ stitution. When using the $(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd) form, all characters between the
parentheses make up the command; none are treated specially.
Command substitutions may be nested. To nest when using the backquoted
form, escape the inner backquotes with backslashes.
- If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
+ If the substitution appears within double quotes, word splitting and
pathname expansion are not performed on the results.
A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
- and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
+ Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
+ and the substitution of the result. The format for arithmetic expan-
sion is:
$\b$(\b((\b(_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn)\b))\b)
- The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a
- double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All
+ The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is treated as if it were within double quotes, but a
+ double quote inside the parentheses is not treated specially. All
tokens in the expression undergo parameter expansion, string expansion,
- command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be
+ command substitution, and quote removal. Arithmetic expansions may be
nested.
- The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
+ The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below under
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is invalid, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh prints a message
indicating failure and no substitution occurs.
P\bPr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bs S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
- _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is supported on systems that support named pipes
- (_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd method of naming open files. It takes the form
- of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run with its input or out-
+ _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is supported on systems that support named pipes
+ (_\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO_\bs) or the /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd method of naming open files. It takes the form
+ of <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) or >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b). The process _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is run with its input or out-
put connected to a _\bF_\bI_\bF_\bO or some file in /\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd. The name of this file
- is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
- expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, writing to the file will pro-
- vide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, the file passed as
+ is passed as an argument to the current command as the result of the
+ expansion. If the >\b>(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, writing to the file will pro-
+ vide input for _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. If the <\b<(\b(_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt)\b) form is used, the file passed as
an argument should be read to obtain the output of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
- When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
- parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
+ When available, process substitution is performed simultaneously with
+ parameter and variable expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic
expansion.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd S\bSp\bpl\bli\bit\btt\bti\bin\bng\bg
- The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
- tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
+ The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitu-
+ tion, and arithmetic expansion that did not occur within double quotes
for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg.
- The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
+ The shell treats each character of I\bIF\bFS\bS as a delimiter, and splits the
results of the other expansions into words on these characters. If I\bIF\bFS\bS
- is unset, or its value is exactly <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the default,
- then sequences of <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>, <\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b>, and <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> at the beginning and
- end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any
- sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the beginning or end serves to
- delimit words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other than the default, then
+ is unset, or its value is exactly <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b><\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b><\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>, the default,
+ then sequences of <\b<s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be>\b>, <\b<t\bta\bab\bb>\b>, and <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> at the beginning and
+ end of the results of the previous expansions are ignored, and any
+ sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS characters not at the beginning or end serves to
+ delimit words. If I\bIF\bFS\bS has a value other than the default, then
sequences of the whitespace characters s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be and t\bta\bab\bb are ignored at the
- beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is
- in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace character). Any character in
- I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace, along with any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace
- characters, delimits a field. A sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters
- is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word
+ beginning and end of the word, as long as the whitespace character is
+ in the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS (an I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace character). Any character in
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS that is not I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace, along with any adjacent I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace
+ characters, delimits a field. A sequence of I\bIF\bFS\bS whitespace characters
+ is also treated as a delimiter. If the value of I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, no word
splitting occurs.
- Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained. Unquoted implicit
+ Explicit null arguments ("\b""\b" or '\b''\b') are retained. Unquoted implicit
null arguments, resulting from the expansion of parameters that have no
- values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within
+ values, are removed. If a parameter with no value is expanded within
double quotes, a null argument results and is retained.
Note that if no expansion occurs, no splitting is performed.
P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
- each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
- appears, then the word is regarded as a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and replaced with an
- alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no
- matching file names are found, and the shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not
- enabled, the word is left unchanged. If the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set,
- and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
- option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed
- and the command is not executed. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
- enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
- betic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the
- character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the start of a name or immediately following a
- slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
- set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be
- matched explicitly. In other cases, the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' character is not
- treated specially. See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, f\bfa\bai\bil\bl-\b-
+ After word splitting, unless the -\b-f\bf option has been set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh scans
+ each word for the characters *\b*, ?\b?, and [\b[. If one of these characters
+ appears, then the word is regarded as a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and replaced with an
+ alphabetically sorted list of file names matching the pattern. If no
+ matching file names are found, and the shell option n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is not
+ enabled, the word is left unchanged. If the n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is set,
+ and no matches are found, the word is removed. If the f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
+ option is set, and no matches are found, an error message is printed
+ and the command is not executed. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
+ enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of alpha-
+ betic characters. When a pattern is used for pathname expansion, the
+ character `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' at the start of a name or immediately following a
+ slash must be matched explicitly, unless the shell option d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb is
+ set. When matching a pathname, the slash character must always be
+ matched explicitly. In other cases, the `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' character is not
+ treated specially. See the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for a description of the n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb, f\bfa\bai\bil\bl-\b-
g\bgl\blo\bob\bb, and d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell options.
- The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
- names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
- name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
+ The G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell variable may be used to restrict the set of file
+ names matching a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn. If G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set, each matching file
+ name that also matches one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is removed
from the list of matches. The file names `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' and `\b``\b`.\b..\b.'\b''\b' are always
- ignored when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bG-\b-
- N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
+ ignored when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is set and not null. However, setting G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bG-\b-
+ N\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE to a non-null value has the effect of enabling the d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell
option, so all other file names beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b' will match. To
- get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b',
- make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is
+ get the old behavior of ignoring file names beginning with a `\b``\b`.\b.'\b''\b',
+ make `\b``\b`.\b.*\b*'\b''\b' one of the patterns in G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. The d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb option is
disabled when G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE is unset.
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg
Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
- characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
- occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
- escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
+ characters described below, matches itself. The NUL character may not
+ occur in a pattern. A backslash escapes the following character; the
+ escaping backslash is discarded when matching. The special pattern
characters must be quoted if they are to be matched literally.
The special pattern characters have the following meanings:
- *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-
+ *\b* Matches any string, including the null string. When the g\bgl\blo\bob\bb-\b-
s\bst\bta\bar\br shell option is enabled, and *\b* is used in a pathname expan-
- sion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a single pattern will
+ sion context, two adjacent *\b*s used as a single pattern will
match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
- If followed by a /\b/, two adjacent *\b*s will match only directories
+ If followed by a /\b/, two adjacent *\b*s will match only directories
and subdirectories.
?\b? Matches any single character.
- [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of charac-
+ [\b[.\b..\b..\b.]\b] Matches any one of the enclosed characters. A pair of charac-
ters separated by a hyphen denotes a _\br_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn; any char-
- acter that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, using
- the current locale's collating sequence and character set, is
- matched. If the first character following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^
- then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order
- of characters in range expressions is determined by the current
- locale and the value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE shell variable, if set.
- A -\b- may be matched by including it as the first or last charac-
+ acter that sorts between those two characters, inclusive, using
+ the current locale's collating sequence and character set, is
+ matched. If the first character following the [\b[ is a !\b! or a ^\b^
+ then any character not enclosed is matched. The sorting order
+ of characters in range expressions is determined by the current
+ locale and the value of the L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE shell variable, if set.
+ A -\b- may be matched by including it as the first or last charac-
ter in the set. A ]\b] may be matched by including it as the first
character in the set.
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using the
- syntax [\b[:\b:_\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs:\b:]\b], where _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs is one of the following classes
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs_\be_\bs can be specified using the
+ syntax [\b[:\b:_\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs:\b:]\b], where _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs is one of the following classes
defined in the POSIX standard:
- a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt p\bpu\bun\bnc\bct\bt
+ a\bal\bln\bnu\bum\bm a\bal\blp\bph\bha\ba a\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bi b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk c\bcn\bnt\btr\brl\bl d\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt g\bgr\bra\bap\bph\bh l\blo\bow\bwe\ber\br p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt p\bpu\bun\bnc\bct\bt
s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be u\bup\bpp\bpe\ber\br w\bwo\bor\brd\bd x\bxd\bdi\big\bgi\bit\bt
A character class matches any character belonging to that class.
- The w\bwo\bor\brd\bd character class matches letters, digits, and the char-
+ The w\bwo\bor\brd\bd character class matches letters, digits, and the char-
acter _.
- Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified using the
- syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with the same colla-
- tion weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character
+ Within [\b[ and ]\b], an _\be_\bq_\bu_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bl_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bc_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bs can be specified using the
+ syntax [\b[=\b=_\bc=\b=]\b], which matches all characters with the same colla-
+ tion weight (as defined by the current locale) as the character
_\bc.
Within [\b[ and ]\b], the syntax [\b[.\b._\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.\b.]\b] matches the collating sym-
bol _\bs_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bl.
If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin, several
- extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following
+ extended pattern matching operators are recognized. In the following
description, a _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\b-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a list of one or more patterns separated
by a |\b|. Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the fol-
lowing sub-patterns:
Q\bQu\buo\bot\bte\be R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bva\bal\bl
After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the charac-
- ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
+ ters \\b\, '\b', and "\b" that did not result from one of the above expansions
are removed.
R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
- using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may
- also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution
+ Before a command is executed, its input and output may be _\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
+ using a special notation interpreted by the shell. Redirection may
+ also be used to open and close files for the current shell execution
environment. The following redirection operators may precede or appear
anywhere within a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or may follow a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. Redirections
are processed in the order they appear, from left to right.
- Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
+ Each redirection that may be preceded by a file descriptor number may
instead be preceded by a word of the form {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}. In this case, for
each redirection operator except >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate a
- file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If >&- or
- <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines the file
+ file descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If >&- or
+ <&- is preceded by {_\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be}, the value of _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be defines the file
descriptor to close.
- In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
- ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
- direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
- first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
+ In the following descriptions, if the file descriptor number is omit-
+ ted, and the first character of the redirection operator is <\b<, the re-
+ direction refers to the standard input (file descriptor 0). If the
+ first character of the redirection operator is >\b>, the redirection
refers to the standard output (file descriptor 1).
- The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
- tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
+ The word following the redirection operator in the following descrip-
+ tions, unless otherwise noted, is subjected to brace expansion, tilde
expansion, parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expan-
- sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it
+ sion, quote removal, pathname expansion, and word splitting. If it
expands to more than one word, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
- Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
+ Note that the order of redirections is significant. For example, the
command
ls >\b> dirlist 2>\b>&\b&1
- directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ directs both standard output and standard error to the file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
while the command
ls 2>\b>&\b&1 >\b> dirlist
- directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
- error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out-
+ directs only the standard output to file _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, because the standard
+ error was duplicated from the standard output before the standard out-
put was redirected to _\bd_\bi_\br_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh handles several filenames specially when they are used in redirec-
tions, as described in the following table:
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/f\bfd\bd/\b/_\bf_\bd
- If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
+ If _\bf_\bd is a valid integer, file descriptor _\bf_\bd is dupli-
cated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/s\bst\btd\bdi\bin\bn
File descriptor 0 is duplicated.
File descriptor 2 is duplicated.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/t\btc\bcp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open a TCP connection to the corresponding socket.
/\b/d\bde\bev\bv/\b/u\bud\bdp\bp/\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt/\b/_\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
If _\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt is a valid hostname or Internet address, and _\bp_\bo_\br_\bt
- is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
+ is an integer port number or service name, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts
to open a UDP connection to the corresponding socket.
A failure to open or create a file causes the redirection to fail.
- Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
- care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
+ Redirections using file descriptors greater than 9 should be used with
+ care, as they may conflict with file descriptors the shell uses inter-
nally.
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg I\bIn\bnp\bpu\but\bt
Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for reading on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified.
The general format for redirecting input is:
[_\bn]<\b<_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the
+ Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from the
expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for writing on file descriptor _\bn, or the
standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified. If the file
- does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
+ does not exist it is created; if it does exist it is truncated to zero
size.
The general format for redirecting output is:
[_\bn]>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
- name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
+ If the redirection operator is >\b>, and the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin has been enabled, the redirection will fail if the file whose
+ name results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists and is a regular file.
If the redirection operator is >\b>|\b|, or the redirection operator is >\b> and
the n\bno\boc\bcl\blo\bob\bbb\bbe\ber\br option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command is not enabled, the re-
direction is attempted even if the file named by _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd exists.
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bte\bed\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt
- Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name
- results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for appending on file
- descriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
+ Redirection of output in this fashion causes the file whose name
+ results from the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for appending on file
+ descriptor _\bn, or the standard output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not
specified. If the file does not exist it is created.
The general format for appending output is:
R\bRe\bed\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bti\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
- This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
- the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be redirected to the
file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
- There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard
+ There are two formats for redirecting standard output and standard
error:
&\b&>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
A\bAp\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd O\bOu\but\btp\bpu\but\bt a\ban\bnd\bd S\bSt\bta\ban\bnd\bda\bar\brd\bd E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br
- This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
- the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
+ This construct allows both the standard output (file descriptor 1) and
+ the standard error output (file descriptor 2) to be appended to the
file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd.
The format for appending standard output and standard error is:
>\b>>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd 2>\b>&\b&1
H\bHe\ber\bre\be D\bDo\boc\bcu\bum\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
- This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
+ This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
current source until a line containing only _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br (with no trailing
- blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
+ blanks) is seen. All of the lines read up to that point are then used
as the standard input for a command.
The format of here-documents is:
_\bh_\be_\br_\be_\b-_\bd_\bo_\bc_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt
_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br
- No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or
+ No parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic expansion, or
pathname expansion is performed on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. If any characters in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd are
- quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and the
- lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is unquoted, all
- lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the
- character sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be used to quote
+ quoted, the _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br is the result of quote removal on _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and the
+ lines in the here-document are not expanded. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is unquoted, all
+ lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, com-
+ mand substitution, and arithmetic expansion. In the latter case, the
+ character sequence \\b\<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b> is ignored, and \\b\ must be used to quote
the characters \\b\, $\b$, and `\b`.
If the redirection operator is <\b<<\b<-\b-, then all leading tab characters are
- stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This
- allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
+ stripped from input lines and the line containing _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt_\be_\br. This
+ allows here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural
fashion.
H\bHe\ber\bre\be S\bSt\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
is used to duplicate input file descriptors. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd expands to one or
- more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
- that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file
- descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evalu-
- ates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, the
+ more digits, the file descriptor denoted by _\bn is made to be a copy of
+ that file descriptor. If the digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file
+ descriptor open for input, a redirection error occurs. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd evalu-
+ ates to -\b-, file descriptor _\bn is closed. If _\bn is not specified, the
standard input (file descriptor 0) is used.
The operator
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
- specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
- digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
- direction error occurs. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
+ is used similarly to duplicate output file descriptors. If _\bn is not
+ specified, the standard output (file descriptor 1) is used. If the
+ digits in _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd do not specify a file descriptor open for output, a re-
+ direction error occurs. As a special case, if _\bn is omitted, and _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
does not expand to one or more digits, the standard output and standard
error are redirected as described previously.
[_\bn]<\b<&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
input (file descriptor 0) if _\bn is not specified. _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt is closed after
being duplicated to _\bn.
[_\bn]>\b>&\b&_\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt-\b-
- moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
+ moves the file descriptor _\bd_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bt to file descriptor _\bn, or the standard
output (file descriptor 1) if _\bn is not specified.
O\bOp\bpe\ben\bni\bin\bng\bg F\bFi\bil\ble\be D\bDe\bes\bsc\bcr\bri\bip\bpt\bto\bor\brs\bs f\bfo\bor\br R\bRe\bea\bad\bdi\bin\bng\bg a\ban\bnd\bd W\bWr\bri\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg
[_\bn]<\b<>\b>_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd
- causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
- both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
+ causes the file whose name is the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd to be opened for
+ both reading and writing on file descriptor _\bn, or on file descriptor 0
if _\bn is not specified. If the file does not exist, it is created.
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
- _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
- the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
- aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
- commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
- simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
- so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
- $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
+ _\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used as
+ the first word of a simple command. The shell maintains a list of
+ aliases that may be set and unset with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs and u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin
+ commands (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The first word of each
+ simple command, if unquoted, is checked to see if it has an alias. If
+ so, that word is replaced by the text of the alias. The characters /\b/,
+ $\b$, `\b`, and =\b= and any of the shell _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs or quoting characters
listed above may not appear in an alias name. The replacement text may
- contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
- first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
- that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
- time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
- last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
+ contain any valid shell input, including shell metacharacters. The
+ first word of the replacement text is tested for aliases, but a word
+ that is identical to an alias being expanded is not expanded a second
+ time. This means that one may alias l\bls\bs to l\bls\bs -\b-F\bF, for instance, and
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not try to recursively expand the replacement text. If the
+ last character of the alias value is a _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk, then the next command
word following the alias is also checked for alias expansion.
Aliases are created and listed with the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command, and removed with
the u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs command.
- There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
- arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
+ There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text. If
+ arguments are needed, a shell function should be used (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
below).
- Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
- e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
+ Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive, unless the
+ e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs shell option is set using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt (see the description of
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
- confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input
- before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are
- expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore,
- an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does
- not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands
+ The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are somewhat
+ confusing. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh always reads at least one complete line of input
+ before executing any of the commands on that line. Aliases are
+ expanded when a command is read, not when it is executed. Therefore,
+ an alias definition appearing on the same line as another command does
+ not take effect until the next line of input is read. The commands
following the alias definition on that line are not affected by the new
- alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
- Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the
- function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com-
+ alias. This behavior is also an issue when functions are executed.
+ Aliases are expanded when a function definition is read, not when the
+ function is executed, because a function definition is itself a com-
pound command. As a consequence, aliases defined in a function are not
- available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always
- put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs in com-
+ available until after that function is executed. To be safe, always
+ put alias definitions on a separate line, and do not use a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs in com-
pound commands.
For almost every purpose, aliases are superseded by shell functions.
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
- stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
- shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
+ A shell function, defined as described above under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR,
+ stores a series of commands for later execution. When the name of a
+ shell function is used as a simple command name, the list of commands
associated with that function name is executed. Functions are executed
- in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to
- interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
- When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
+ in the context of the current shell; no new process is created to
+ interpret them (contrast this with the execution of a shell script).
+ When a function is executed, the arguments to the function become the
positional parameters during its execution. The special parameter #\b# is
- updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 is unchanged. The
- first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
+ updated to reflect the change. Special parameter 0 is unchanged. The
+ first element of the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE variable is set to the name of the func-
tion while the function is executing.
- All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical
+ All other aspects of the shell execution environment are identical
between a function and its caller with these exceptions: the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
- R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
- given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
- below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
- traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
+ R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps (see the description of the t\btr\bra\bap\bp builtin under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) are not inherited unless the function has been
+ given the t\btr\bra\bac\bce\be attribute (see the description of the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin
+ below) or the -\b-o\bo f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell option has been enabled with the s\bse\bet\bt
+ builtin (in which case all functions inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN
+ traps), and the E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not inherited unless the -\b-o\bo e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be shell
option has been enabled.
- Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
+ Variables local to the function may be declared with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin
command. Ordinarily, variables and their values are shared between the
function and its caller.
- If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
- completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
- tion call. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed
+ The F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNE\bES\bST\bT variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0,
+ defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that
+ exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.
+
+ If the builtin command r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is executed in a function, the function
+ completes and execution resumes with the next command after the func-
+ tion call. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed
before execution resumes. When a function completes, the values of the
- positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
+ positional parameters and the special parameter #\b# are restored to the
values they had prior to the function's execution.
- Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
+ Function names and definitions may be listed with the -\b-f\bf option to the
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt builtin commands. The -\b-F\bF option to d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be or t\bty\byp\bpe\be-\b-
- s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
- and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
- may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with
- the -\b-f\bf option to the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. A function definition may be
- deleted using the -\b-f\bf option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin. Note that shell
+ s\bse\bet\bt will list the function names only (and optionally the source file
+ and line number, if the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled). Functions
+ may be exported so that subshells automatically have them defined with
+ the -\b-f\bf option to the e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt builtin. A function definition may be
+ deleted using the -\b-f\bf option to the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin. Note that shell
functions and variables with the same name may result in multiple iden-
- tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil-
+ tically-named entries in the environment passed to the shell's chil-
dren. Care should be taken in cases where this may cause a problem.
- Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of
+ Functions may be recursive. No limit is imposed on the number of
recursive calls.
A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
- circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands and A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc
- E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check
- for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
- The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the
- same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped
- into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in
+ The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, under certain
+ circumstances (see the l\ble\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin commands and A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc
+ E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn). Evaluation is done in fixed-width integers with no check
+ for overflow, though division by 0 is trapped and flagged as an error.
+ The operators and their precedence, associativity, and values are the
+ same as in the C language. The following list of operators is grouped
+ into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed in
order of decreasing precedence.
_\bi_\bd+\b++\b+ _\bi_\bd-\b--\b-
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ,\b, _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
comma
- Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
+ Shell variables are allowed as operands; parameter expansion is per-
formed before the expression is evaluated. Within an expression, shell
- variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
- expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
+ variables may also be referenced by name without using the parameter
+ expansion syntax. A shell variable that is null or unset evaluates to
0 when referenced by name without using the parameter expansion syntax.
- The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
- it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
+ The value of a variable is evaluated as an arithmetic expression when
+ it is referenced, or when a variable which has been given the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br
attribute using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-i\bi is assigned a value. A null value evaluates
- to 0. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on
+ to 0. A shell variable need not have its integer attribute turned on
to be used in an expression.
Constants with a leading 0 are interpreted as octal numbers. A leading
- 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form
- [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal number between 2 and 64
- representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a number in that base. If
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are
- represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _,
- in that order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and
- uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers
+ 0x or 0X denotes hexadecimal. Otherwise, numbers take the form
+ [_\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b#]n, where the optional _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is a decimal number between 2 and 64
+ representing the arithmetic base, and _\bn is a number in that base. If
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be_\b# is omitted, then base 10 is used. The digits greater than 9 are
+ represented by the lowercase letters, the uppercase letters, @, and _,
+ in that order. If _\bb_\ba_\bs_\be is less than or equal to 36, lowercase and
+ uppercase letters may be used interchangeably to represent numbers
between 10 and 35.
- Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
- parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
+ Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in
+ parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence rules
above.
C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
- and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following
- unary or binary primaries. If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
+ Conditional expressions are used by the [\b[[\b[ compound command and the
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt and [\b[ builtin commands to test file attributes and perform string
+ and arithmetic comparisons. Expressions are formed from the following
+ unary or binary primaries. If any _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the pri-
maries is of the form _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bf_\bd_\b/_\bn, then file descriptor _\bn is checked. If
- the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
- _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
+ the _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument to one of the primaries is one of _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bn,
+ _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt, or _\b/_\bd_\be_\bv_\b/_\bs_\bt_\bd_\be_\br_\br, file descriptor 0, 1, or 2, respectively,
is checked.
Unless otherwise specified, primaries that operate on files follow sym-
bolic links and operate on the target of the link, rather than the link
itself.
- When used with [\b[[\b[, The <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically using
+ When used with [\b[[\b[, The <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically using
the current locale.
-\b-a\ba _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
-\b-L\bL _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a symbolic link.
-\b-N\bN _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and has been modified since it was last
read.
-\b-O\bO _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is owned by the effective user id.
-\b-S\bS _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be exists and is a socket.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -\b-e\bef\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 refer to the same device and inode num-
bers.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -n\bnt\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is newer (according to modification date) than
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 does not.
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 -o\bot\bt _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2
- True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
+ True if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 is older than _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2, or if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 exists and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1
does not.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- True if shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
- options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ True if the shell option _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is enabled. See the list of
+ options under the description of the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin below.
+ -\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ True if the shell variable _\bv_\ba_\br_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set (has been assigned a
+ value).
-\b-z\bz _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
True if the length of _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is zero.
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
than or equal to 1.
- d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
file name and line number where the function is defined are dis-
- played as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies -\b-f\bf. The following
- options can be used to restrict output to variables with the
- specified attribute or to give variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ played as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies -\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces
+ variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
+ when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
+ all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
+ output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
+ variables attributes:
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
- -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
- inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
- shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
+ -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
+ inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
+ shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
the exceptions that +\b+a\ba may not be used to destroy an array vari-
- able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
- in a function, makes each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command.
- If a variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the vari-
- able is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The return value is 0 unless an invalid
- option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function
- using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a
- readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an
- array variable without using the compound assignment syntax (see
- A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable
- name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a read-
- only variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for
- an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-exis-
- tent function with -\b-f\bf.
+ able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
+ in a function, makes each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command,
+ unless the -\b-g\bgP\bP o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs s\bsu\bup\bpp\bpl\bli\bie\bed\bd,\b, I\bIf\bf a\ba v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be n\bna\bam\bme\be i\bis\bs f\bfo\bol\bl-\b-
+ l\blo\bow\bwe\bed\bd b\bby\by =\b=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be,\b, t\bth\bhe\be v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be o\bof\bf t\bth\bhe\be v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be i\bis\bs s\bse\bet\bt t\bto\bo _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be.\b. T\bTh\bhe\be
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be i\bis\bs 0\b0 u\bun\bnl\ble\bes\bss\bs a\ban\bn i\bin\bnv\bva\bal\bli\bid\bd o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs e\ben\bnc\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bte\ber\bre\bed\bd,\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo d\bde\bef\bfi\bin\bne\be a\ba f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg `\b``\b`-\b-f\bf f\bfo\boo\bo=\b=b\bba\bar\br'\b''\b',\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ba r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be,\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ban\bn a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be w\bwi\bit\bth\bho\bou\but\bt
+ u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt s\bsy\byn\bnt\bta\bax\bx (\b(s\bse\bee\be A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of
+ the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made
+ to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt
+ is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an
+ attempt is made to display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
- directories. The default display is on a single line with
- directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
- the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
+ directories. The default display is on a single line with
+ directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
+ the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
entries from the list.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
-\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
entries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
- active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br
- is supplied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If
+ Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
+ active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br
+ is supplied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If
the -\b-h\bh option is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the ta-
- ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
- shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
- the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
+ ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
+ shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
+ the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means to remove or mark
- all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
- operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
+ operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
The return status is always 0. If -\b-n\bn is specified, the trailing
- newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option is given, interpreta-
- tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
- The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpretation of these escape char-
- acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
- The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used to dynamically determine
- whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these escape characters by default.
- e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo
+ newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option is given, interpreta-
+ tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
+ The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpretation of these escape char-
+ acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
+ The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used to dynamically determine
+ whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these escape characters by default.
+ e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo
interprets the following escape sequences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
+ \\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
- The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
+ The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
- ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
- is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
- plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
- tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
- output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
- value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
- ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
+ ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
_\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
file cannot be executed. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redi-
rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status
- is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
+ is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
- exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
- export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
- name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
- option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
+ exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
+ export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
+ name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
+ option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a func-
tion.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
- to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
- be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
- with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
+ Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
+ to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
+ be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
+ with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur-
rent command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified it is set to the
- current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
+ current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not spec-
- ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
+ ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, _\bv_\bi is used. When editing is com-
plete, the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
- ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
+ ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com-
mand.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
- invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bs]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
- expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
- by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
- be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
+ expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
+ by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
+ be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
- 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
- option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
- the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
- cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
+ 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
+ option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
+ the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
+ cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame-
ters is to be used.
- When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
- return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
+ When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
+ return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
the first non-option argument, and n\bna\bam\bme\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
arguments are given in _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those instead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option
- causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
- option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
- which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
- hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
+ is used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
+ option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
+ which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
+ hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments
- are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
- bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
+ are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
+ bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
- since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
+ since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines
- appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines
+ appended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
-\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and use them as the
current history.
- -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
+ -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
ing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the previous history line. The return value is 0
- unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
+ unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion supplied as
an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
- status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ status since the user was last notified of their status.
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Restrict output to running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Restrict output to stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, returning its exit status.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
- if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
+ if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
tion and its children. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
- local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
[-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
[-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
-\b-t\bt Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
- array element to be assigned as an additional argument. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\b-
- _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after the line is read but before the array
- element is assigned.
+ array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
- Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
- removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
+ Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+ removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow-
ing meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
- directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
- and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
+ and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis-
tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
fails.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which
- contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are
- simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences,
- which are converted and copied to the standard output, and for-
- mat specifications, each of which causes printing of the next
- successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) for-
- mats, %\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in
- the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt (except that \\b\c\bc terminates output,
- backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal escapes
- beginning with \\b\0\b0 may contain up to four digits), and %\b%q\bq causes
- p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a format that can
- be reused as shell input.
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ standard output.
+
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) format specifications, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
+ interprets the following extensions:
+ %\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
+ corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt (except that \\b\c\bc terminates output,
+ backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal
+ escapes beginning with \\b\0\b0 may contain up to four digits).
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ format that can be reused as shell input.
+ %\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
- _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the standard output.
-
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
- and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
+ and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
if supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
- directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
+ directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
new current working directory.
If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
- fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
- occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
- descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
- second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
- ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
+ second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
+ ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
- are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
- split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
- used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
- and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
+ split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
+ used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
+ and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
ignored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
input line, rather than newline.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
not previously active) editing settings.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
- waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
are read.
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
- following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
- tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
- other special file; it has no effect when reading from
- regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
- input is available on the specified file descriptor,
- failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
+ following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
+ tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
+ other special file; it has no effect when reading from
+ regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
+ input is available on the specified file descriptor,
+ failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
if the timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
- able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
- encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
- greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
+ able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
+ encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
+ greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAp\bpf\bf] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
- arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
- arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
- supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
- option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
- reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
- value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
+ arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
+ arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
+ supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
+ option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
+ reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
+ value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not
- a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
+ a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
- If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
- executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
- during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
+ Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
+ If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
+ executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
+ during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
- _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
- script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
- function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
+ _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
+ script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
+ function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
status is false. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is
- executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
+ executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
- options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
- $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
+ $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
meanings:
- -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
- modified or created for export to the environment of
+ -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
+ modified or created for export to the environment of
subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl command enclosed in
- parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of
- a command list enclosed by braces (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl command enclosed in
+ parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of
+ a command list enclosed by braces (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
- exit if the command that fails is part of the command
- list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test following the i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved
- words, part of any command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list
- except the command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any
- command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
- return value is being inverted with !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ exit if the command that fails is part of the command
+ list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test following the i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved
+ words, part of any command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list
+ except the command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any
+ command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
+ return value is being inverted with !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
- cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
- taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
+ cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
+ taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
tion.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
- unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
ior. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list of all set-
table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
- each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
- form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
+ each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
+ form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec-
- tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
+ tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
(unset) by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
- and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
U\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
mand's =~ operator.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
using the conditional command's < and > operators.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the conditional command's < and > operators and
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the conditional command's < and > operators and
the effect of interrupting a command list.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
- described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
-\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
depends on the number of arguments; see below.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a sim-
ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following
- conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
- is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
- u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
- command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
- value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
+ conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
+ is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
+ u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
+ command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
+ value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
- reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
+ reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
(the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
- able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
- sequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS,
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they
- lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS,
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they
+ lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently
reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
+\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE
_\bs_\bh(1), _\bk_\bs_\bh(1), _\bc_\bs_\bh(1)
_\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs(1), _\bv_\bi(1)
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash-4.1 2010 April 17 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash-4.1 2010 May 30 BASH(1)
call or \fIexpr\fP does not correspond to a valid position in the
call stack.
.TP
-\fBcd\fP [\fB\-L|-P\fP] [\fIdir\fP]
+\fBcd\fP [\fB\-L\fP|[\fB\-P\fP [\fB\-e\fP]]] [\fIdir\fP]
Change the current directory to \fIdir\fP. The variable
.SM
.B HOME
.B set
builtin command); the
.B \-L
-option forces symbolic links to be followed. An argument of
+option forces symbolic links to be followed.
+If the
+.B \-e
+option is supplied with
+.BR \-P ,
+and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
+after a successful directory change, \fBcd\fP will return an unsuccessful
+status.
+An argument of
.B \-
is equivalent to
.SM
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Sat May 29 20:59:17 EDT 2010
+.\" Last Change: Sun May 30 17:03:08 EDT 2010
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2010 May 29" "GNU Bash-4.1"
+.TH BASH 1 "2010 May 30" "GNU Bash-4.1"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 April 17<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 May 30<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
below.
<P>
+When the shell is in <I>posix mode</I>, <B>time</B>
+may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the
+total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.
+The
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>TIMEFORMAT</B>
+
+</FONT>
+variable may be used to specify the format of
+the time information.
+<P>
+
Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in a
subshell).
<A NAME="lbAN"> </A>
<DD>
the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <I>HH</I>
(one or two hex digits)
+<DT><B>\u</B><I>HHHH</I>
+
+<DD>
+the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
+<I>HHHH</I> (one to four hex digits)
+<DT><B>\U</B><I>HHHHHHHH</I>
+
+<DD>
+the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
+<I>HHHHHHHH</I> (one to eight hex digits)
<DT><B>\c</B><I>x</I>
<DD>
A sample value is
<TT>".o:~"</TT>.
+<DT><B>FUNCNEST</B>
+
+<DD>
+If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function
+nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level
+will cause the current command to abort.
<DT><B>GLOBIGNORE</B>
<DD>
are shared between the function and its caller.
<P>
+The <B>FUNCNEST</B> variable, if set to a numeric value greater
+than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function
+invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to
+abort.
+<P>
+
If the builtin command
<B>return</B>
<DT><B>-o </B><I>optname</I>
<DD>
-True if shell option
+True if the shell option
<I>optname</I>
is enabled.
<B>set</B>
builtin below.
+<DT><B>-v </B><I>varname</I>
+
+<DD>
+True if the shell variable
+<I>varname</I>
+
+is set (has been assigned a value).
<DT><B>-z </B><I>string</I>
<DD>
is greater than the number of enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop
(the ``top-level'' loop) is resumed.
The return value is 0 unless <I>n</I> is not greater than or equal to 1.
-<DT><B>declare</B> [<B>-aAfFilrtux</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
+<DT><B>declare</B> [<B>-aAfFgilrtux</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
-<DT><B>typeset</B> [<B>-aAfFilrtux</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
+<DT><B>typeset</B> [<B>-aAfFgilrtux</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>value</I>] ...]<DD>
Declare variables and/or give them attributes.
If no <I>name</I>s are given then display the values of variables.
option implies
<B>-f</B>.
+The
+<B>-g</B>
+
+option forces variables to be created or modified at the global scope,
+even when <B>declare</B> is executed in a shell function.
+It is ignored in all other cases.
The following options can
be used to restrict output to variables with the specified attribute or
to give variables attributes:
with the exceptions that <B>+a</B>
may not be used to destroy an array variable and <B>+r</B> will not
remove the readonly attribute.
-When used in a function,
-makes each
+When used in a function, makes each
<I>name</I> local, as with the
<B>local</B>
-command.
-If a variable name is followed by =<I>value</I>, the value of
+command,
+unless the <B>-gP option is supplied,
+If a variable name is followed by =</B><I>value</I>, the value of
the variable is set to <I>value</I>.
The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered,
an attempt is made to define a function using
<DD>
the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <I>HH</I>
(one or two hex digits)
+<DT><B>\u</B><I>HHHH</I>
+
+<DD>
+the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
+<I>HHHH</I> (one to four hex digits)
+<DT><B>\U</B><I>HHHHHHHH</I>
+
+<DD>
+the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
+<I>HHHHHHHH</I> (one to eight hex digits)
</DL></DL>
the default quantum is 5000.
When <I>callback</I> is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
-array element to be assigned as an additional argument.
+array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element
+as additional arguments.
<I>callback</I> is evaluated after the line is read but before the
array element is assigned.
<P>
<DT><B>printf</B> [<B>-v</B> <I>var</I>] <I>format</I> [<I>arguments</I>]<DD>
Write the formatted <I>arguments</I> to the standard output under the
control of the <I>format</I>.
+The <B>-v</B> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+<I>var</I> rather than being printed to the standard output.
+<P>
The <I>format</I> is a character string which contains three types of objects:
plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character
escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and
format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive
<I>argument</I>.
-In addition to the standard <I>printf</I>(1) formats, <B>%b</B> causes
+In addition to the standard <I>printf</I>(1) format specifications,
+<B>printf</B> interprets the following extensions:
+<DL COMPACT><DT><DD>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><B>%b</B>
+
+<DD>
+causes
<B>printf</B> to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding
<I>argument</I> (except that <B>\c</B> terminates output, backslashes in
<B>\aq</B>, <B>\"</B>, and <B>\?</B> are not removed, and octal escapes
-beginning with <B>\0</B> may contain up to four digits),
-and <B>%q</B> causes <B>printf</B> to output the corresponding
+beginning with <B>\0</B> may contain up to four digits).
+<DT><B>%q</B>
+
+<DD>
+causes <B>printf</B> to output the corresponding
<I>argument</I> in a format that can be reused as shell input.
+<DT><B>%(</B><I>datefmt</I>)T
+
+<DD>
+causes <B>printf</B> to output the date-time string resulting from using
+<I>datefmt</I> as a format string for <I>strftime</I>(3). The corresponding
+<I>argument</I> is an integer representing the number of seconds since the
+epoch. Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current
+time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
+
+</DL>
<P>
+
Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C constants,
except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and if the leading
character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of
the following character.
<P>
-The <B>-v</B> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
-<I>var</I> rather than being printed to the standard output.
-<P>
+
The <I>format</I> is reused as necessary to consume all of the <I>arguments</I>.
If the <I>format</I> requires more <I>arguments</I> than are supplied, the
extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
-appropriate, had been supplied. The return value is zero on success,
-non-zero on failure.
+appropriate, had been supplied.
+The return value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
+</DL>
+
<DT><B>pushd</B> [<B>-n</B>] [+<I>n</I>] [-<I>n</I>]<DD>
<DT><B>pushd</B> [<B>-n</B>] [<I>dir</I>]<DD>
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.1<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 April 17<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash-4.1<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2010 May 30<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 20 May 2010 16:33:15 EDT
+Time: 01 June 2010 11:58:46 EDT
</BODY>
</HTML>
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-(The return status of AND)5.729 F(and OR lists is the e)108 552 Q
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+(va)-.25 G 1.3(luation of the conditional e).25 F(xpression)-.15 E F1
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(xpansion are not performed on the w)-.15 F 1.133(ords between the)-.1 F
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(ilde e)-2.964 F .464(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .464(ariable e)
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(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.081
-(tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 160.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G
+(tution, process substitution, and quote remo)144 196.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G
3.581(la).25 G 1.081(re performed.)-3.581 F 1.081
-(Conditional operators such as)6.081 F F
1<ad66>3.581 E F0
-(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 172.8 Q
-(When used with)144 190.8 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0 2.5(,T)C(he)-2.5 E F1(<)2.5 E
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4<ad66>3.581 E F0
+(must be unquoted to be recognized as primaries.)144 208.8 Q
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(xicographically using the current locale.)-.15 E .503(When the)144
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-220.8 R 3.724(wu)-.25 G(nder)-3.724 E F1 -.1(Pa)3.724 G(tter).1 E 3.725
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-(he shell)-3.725 F(option)144 232.8 Q F1(nocasematch)3.405 E F0 .904
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(is enabled, the match is performed without re)3.405 F -.05(ga)-.15 G
-.904(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.751(characters. The)144 244.8
+.904(rd to the case of alphabetic).05 F 2.751(characters. The)144 280.8
R .251(return v)2.751 F .251(alue is 0 if the string matches \()-.25 F
-F1(==)A F0 2.751(\)o)C 2.751(rd)-2.751 G .251(oes not match \()-2.751 F
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2.5(therwise. An)-2.5 F 2.5(yp)-.15 G(art of the pattern may be quoted \
to force it to be matched as a string.)-2.5 E .243
-(An additional binary operator)144 274.8 R(,)-.4 E F1(=~)2.743 E F0
+(An additional binary operator)144 310.8 R(,)-.4 E F4(=~)2.743 E F0
2.743(,i)C 2.743(sa)-2.743 G -.25(va)-2.943 G .243
-(ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F1(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E
-F1(!=)2.743 E F0 5.243(.W)C .243(hen it is)-5.243 F 1.953
+(ilable, with the same precedence as).25 F F4(==)2.743 E F0(and)2.743 E
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(used, the string to the right of the operator is considered an e)144
-286.8 R 1.954(xtended re)-.15 F 1.954(gular e)-.15 F 1.954
-(xpression and)-.15 F .207(matched accordingly \(as in)144 298.8 R F2
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-.37(re)2.707 G -.1(ge)-.03 G(x)-.1 E F0 2.707(\(3\)\). The)B .207
(return v)2.707 F .207
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Q(Otherwise, it is the e)5 E(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E
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(he dollar sign is ignored.)-2.995 F .496(If the string is trans-)5.496
-F(lated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.)108 273.6 Q/F3
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F2(par)4.593 E(ameter)-.15 E F0 .843(is an entity that stores v)4.073 F
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F0 5.823(.A)C F2(variable)-2.21 E F0 .823(is a parameter denoted by a)
3.503 F F2(name)3.323 E F0 5.823(.A).18 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .823
-(riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 326.4 Q F0 .369(and zero or more)2.869
+(riable has a).25 F F2(value)108 446.4 Q F0 .369(and zero or more)2.869
F F2(attrib)2.869 E(utes)-.2 E F0 5.369(.A)C(ttrib)-5.369 E .369
(utes are assigned using the)-.2 F F1(declar)2.868 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)
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-(belo)108 338.4 Q 2.5(wi)-.25 G(n)-2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)
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2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F0
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(alid v)-.25 F 2.755(alue. Once)-.25 F 2.755(av)2.755 G .255
-(ariable is set, it)-3.005 F(may be unset only by using the)108 367.2 Q
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F2(variable)2.79 E F0(may be assigned to by a statement of the form)2.68
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3.023 E F0 .233(is not gi)2.913 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .233(n, the v).15 F
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3.022 E F0(under)3.002 E .232(go tilde e)-.18 F .232
-(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F .515(and v)108 429.6 R .515(ariable e)-.25 F
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(w\). If)-.25 F .199(the v)2.699 F .199(ariable has its)-.25 F F1
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(luated as an arithmetic e).25 F .198(xpression e)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
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(xpansion is not used \(see)-.15 F F1 .901(Arithmetic Expansion)3.401 F
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2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1(local)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin commands.).2 E
-.377(In the conte)108 506.4 R .377
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(xt where an assignment statement is assigning a v)-.15 F .376
(alue to a shell v)-.25 F .376(ariable or array inde)-.25 F .376
(x, the +=)-.15 F .257
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(description of the)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)2.5 E
-(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G
-(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 96 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668
-(An associati)144 108 R .968 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .668(rray v).15 F .668(ar\
-iable whose members correspond to the internal hash table of commands)
--.25 F .146(as maintained by the)144 120 R F1(hash)2.646 E F0 -.2(bu)
-2.646 G 2.646(iltin. Elements).2 F .146
-(added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting)2.646 F
-(array elements cause commands to be remo)144 132 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5
-(df).15 G(rom the hash table.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 144 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E
-F0 1.243(The command currently being e)144 156 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.3(BA)108 84 S(SH_ARGC).3 E F0 .935
+(An array v)144 96 R .935(ariable whose v)-.25 F .934
+(alues are the number of parameters in each frame of the current)-.25 F
+F1(bash)3.434 E F0 -.15(exe)144 108 S .535(cution call stack.).15 F .535
+(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell function or\
+ script)5.535 F -.15(exe)144 120 S .142(cuted with).15 F F1(.)2.642 E F0
+(or)2.642 E F1(sour)2.642 E(ce)-.18 E F0 2.642(\)i)C 2.642(sa)-2.642 G
+2.642(tt)-2.642 G .142(he top of the stack.)-2.642 F .141
+(When a subroutine is e)5.141 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .141
+(cuted, the number of).15 F 2.63(parameters passed is pushed onto)144
+132 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9
+/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 2.63(The shell sets)7.13 F F2 -.27(BA)5.131 G
+(SH_ARGC).27 E F0 2.631(only when in)4.881 F -.15(ex)144 144 S
+(tended deb).15 E(ugging mode \(see the description of the)-.2 E F1
+(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)
+2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 156 S(SH_ARGV).3 E F0 .98
+(An array v)144 168 R .979
+(ariable containing all of the parameters in the current)-.25 F F1(bash)
+3.479 E F0 -.15(exe)3.479 G .979(cution call stack.).15 F(The)5.979 E
+.275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the\
+ stack; the \214rst parameter of the initial)144 180 R 1.424
+(call is at the bottom.)144 192 R 1.424(When a subroutine is e)6.424 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G 1.424(cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto).15
+F F2 -.27(BA)144 204 S(SH_ARGV).27 E F3(.)A F0 2.197(The shell sets)
+6.697 F F2 -.27(BA)4.697 G(SH_ARGV).27 E F0 2.197(only when in e)4.447 F
+2.197(xtended deb)-.15 F 2.197(ugging mode \(see the)-.2 F
+(description of the)144 216 Q F1(extdeb)2.5 E(ug)-.2 E F0(option to the)
+2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin belo).2 E(w\))-.25 E F1 -.3
+(BA)108 228 S(SH_CMDS).3 E F0 .668(An associati)144 240 R .968 -.15
+(ve a)-.25 H .668(rray v).15 F .668(ariable whose members correspond to\
+ the internal hash table of commands)-.25 F .146(as maintained by the)
+144 252 R F1(hash)2.646 E F0 -.2(bu)2.646 G 2.646(iltin. Elements).2 F
+.146(added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting)2.646 F
+(array elements cause commands to be remo)144 264 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5
+(df).15 G(rom the hash table.)-2.5 E F1 -.3(BA)108 276 S(SH_COMMAND).3 E
+F0 1.243(The command currently being e)144 288 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.243
(cuted or about to be e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242
(cuted, unless the shell is e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.242(cuting a).15 F
(command as the result of a trap, in which case it is the command e)144
-168 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108
-180 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 192 Q
+300 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108
+312 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 324 Q
(gument to the)-.18 E F1<ad63>2.5 E F0(in)2.5 E -.2(vo)-.4 G
-(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 204 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .034
-(An array v)144 216 R .034(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\
-n source \214les corresponding to each mem-)-.25 F 3.491(ber of)144 228
-R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FUNCN)5.991 E(AME)-.18 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)
-A F1(${B)7.991 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A
-F0 3.491(is the line number in the source \214le where)5.991 F F1
-(${FUNCN)144 240 Q(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)3.311 G 3.311
-(sc).1 G .811(alled \(or)-3.311 F F1(${B)3.311 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F4
-($i-1)A F1(]})A F0 .811(if referenced within another shell)3.311 F 4.987
-(function\). The)144 252 R 2.487(corresponding source \214le name is)
+(cation option.).2 E F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_LINENO).3 E F0 .034
+(An array v)144 348 R .034(ariable whose members are the line numbers i\
+n source \214les corresponding to each mem-)-.25 F 3.491(ber of)144 360
+R F2(FUNCN)5.991 E(AME)-.18 E F3(.)A F1(${B)7.991 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E/F4
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF($i)A F1(]})A F0 3.491
+(is the line number in the source \214le where)5.991 F F1(${FUNCN)144
+372 Q(AME[)-.2 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 -.1(wa)3.311 G 3.311(sc).1 G .811
+(alled \(or)-3.311 F F1(${B)3.311 E(ASH_LINENO[)-.3 E F4($i-1)A F1(]})A
+F0 .811(if referenced within another shell)3.311 F 4.987
+(function\). The)144 384 R 2.487(corresponding source \214le name is)
4.987 F F1(${B)4.986 E(ASH_SOURCE[)-.3 E F4($i)A F1(]})A F0 7.486(.U)C
(se)-7.486 E F2(LINENO)4.986 E F0(to)4.736 E
-(obtain the current line number)144 264 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 276 S
-(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 288 R .005
+(obtain the current line number)144 396 Q(.)-.55 E F1 -.3(BA)108 408 S
+(SH_REMA).3 E(TCH)-.95 E F0 .005(An array v)144 420 R .005
(ariable whose members are assigned by the)-.25 F F1(=~)2.506 E F0 .006
(binary operator to the)2.506 F F1([[)2.506 E F0 .006(conditional com-)
-2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 300 R .007(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507
+2.506 F 2.507(mand. The)144 432 R .007(element with inde)2.507 F 2.507
(x0i)-.15 G 2.507(st)-2.507 G .007
(he portion of the string matching the entire re)-2.507 F .006(gular e)
--.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 312 R(x)-.15 E
+-.15 F(xpression.)-.15 E .997(The element with inde)144 444 R(x)-.15 E
F4(n)3.497 E F0 .997(is the portion of the string matching the)3.497 F
F4(n)3.498 E F0 .998(th parenthesized sube)B(xpres-)-.15 E 2.5
-(sion. This)144 324 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E
-F1 -.3(BA)108 336 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .89(An array v)144 348 R .889(ari\
+(sion. This)144 456 R -.25(va)2.5 G(riable is read-only).25 E(.)-.65 E
+F1 -.3(BA)108 468 S(SH_SOURCE).3 E F0 .89(An array v)144 480 R .889(ari\
able whose members are the source \214lenames corresponding to the elem\
-ents in the)-.25 F F2(FUNCN)144 360 Q(AME)-.18 E F0(array v)2.25 E
-(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 372 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .401
-(Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell en)144 384 R .401
+ents in the)-.25 F F2(FUNCN)144 492 Q(AME)-.18 E F0(array v)2.25 E
+(ariable.)-.25 E F1 -.3(BA)108 504 S(SH_SUBSHELL).3 E F0 .401
+(Incremented by one each time a subshell or subshell en)144 516 R .401
(vironment is spa)-.4 F 2.902(wned. The)-.15 F .402(initial v)2.902 F
-.402(alue is)-.25 F(0.)144 396 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 408 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0
-2.645(Ar)144 420 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144
+.402(alue is)-.25 F(0.)144 528 Q F1 -.3(BA)108 540 S(SH_VERSINFO).3 E F0
+2.645(Ar)144 552 S .145(eadonly array v)-2.645 F .144
(ariable whose members hold v)-.25 F .144
(ersion information for this instance of)-.15 F F1(bash)2.644 E F0 5.144
-(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 432 S
+(.T)C(he)-5.144 E -.25(va)144 564 S
(lues assigned to the array members are as follo).25 E(ws:)-.25 E F1 -.3
-(BA)144 450 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)24.74 E
+(BA)144 582 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(0)A F1(])A F0(The major v)24.74 E
(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(lease).37 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3
-(BA)144 462 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)24.74 E
+(BA)144 594 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(1)A F1(])A F0(The minor v)24.74 E
(ersion number \(the)-.15 E F4(ver)2.5 E(sion)-.1 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)
-144 474 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)24.74 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 486 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A
-F0(The b)24.74 E(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 498 S
+144 606 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(2)A F1(])A F0(The patch le)24.74 E -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 618 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(3)A F1(])A
+F0(The b)24.74 E(uild v)-.2 E(ersion.)-.15 E F1 -.3(BA)144 630 S
(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(4)A F1(])A F0(The release status \(e.g.,)24.74 E
-F4(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 510 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1
+F4(beta1)2.5 E F0(\).)A F1 -.3(BA)144 642 S(SH_VERSINFO[).3 E F0(5)A F1
(])A F0(The v)24.74 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(MA)2.5 E(CHTYPE)-.495 E F3(.)A
-F1 -.3(BA)108 526.8 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0
-(Expands to a string describing the v)144 538.8 Q
+F1 -.3(BA)108 658.8 S(SH_VERSION).3 E F0
+(Expands to a string describing the v)144 670.8 Q
(ersion of this instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(COMP_CW)108
-555.6 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 567.6 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896
+687.6 Q(ORD)-.1 E F0 .396(An inde)144 699.6 R 2.896(xi)-.15 G(nto)-2.896
E F1(${COMP_W)2.896 E(ORDS})-.1 E F0 .396(of the w)2.896 F .396
(ord containing the current cursor position.)-.1 F .397(This v)5.397 F
-(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 579.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181
+(ari-)-.25 E 1.181(able is a)144 711.6 R -.25(va)-.2 G 1.181
(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.681
(db).1 G 3.681(yt)-3.681 G 1.18(he programmable completion f)-3.681 F
-1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 591.6 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18
-E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_KEY)108 608.4 Q F0(The k)144 620.4 Q
-.3 -.15(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G
-.3 -.15(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t)
-.2 H(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 637.2 Q F0
-1.207(The current command line.)144 649.2 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208
+1.18(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)144 723.6 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18
+E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E
+(10)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 11 11
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_KEY)108 84 Q F0(The k)144 96 Q .3 -.15
+(ey \()-.1 H(or \214nal k).15 E .3 -.15(ey o)-.1 H 2.5(fak).15 G .3 -.15
+(ey s)-2.6 H(equence\) used to in).15 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .2 -.1(ke t).2 H
+(he current completion function.).1 E F1(COMP_LINE)108 112.8 Q F0 1.207
+(The current command line.)144 124.8 R 1.208(This v)6.208 F 1.208
(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.208
(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 1.208(xternal com-)-.15 F
-2.849(mands in)144 661.2 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349
+2.849(mands in)144 136.8 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.349(db).1 G 5.349
(yt)-5.349 G 2.849(he programmable completion f)-5.349 F 2.849
(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.349 E 2.848(ogrammable Completion)-.18 F
-F0(belo)144 673.2 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 690 Q F0 .666
-(The inde)144 702 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666
+F0(belo)144 148.8 Q(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_POINT)108 165.6 Q F0 .666
+(The inde)144 177.6 R 3.166(xo)-.15 G 3.166(ft)-3.166 G .666
(he current cursor position relati)-3.166 F .966 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 3.166
(ot).15 G .666(he be)-3.166 F .666(ginning of the current command.)-.15
F .667(If the)5.667 F .535
(current cursor position is at the end of the current command, the v)144
-714 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1
-(${#COMP_LINE})144 726 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005
+189.6 R .534(alue of this v)-.25 F .534(ariable is equal to)-.25 F F1
+(${#COMP_LINE})144 201.6 Q F0 7.005(.T)C 2.005(his v)-7.005 F 2.005
(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 2.006
(ilable only in shell functions and e).25 F 2.006(xternal commands)-.15
-F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 April 17)145.955 E(10)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(in)144 84 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G
-(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E
-(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108 100.8 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 112.8 R
-.042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue corresponding to the type of completion att\
-empted that caused a completion)-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144
-124.8 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337
-(or normal completion,)-2.837 F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337
-(or listing completions after successi)-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t)-.25 H
-(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 136.8 Q F0 4.092(,f)C 1.592(or listing alternati)
--4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092(np)-4.092 G 1.592(artial w)
--4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092
-(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)-4.092 F 1.591(ord is not)
--.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 148.8 R F2(%)4.052 E F0 4.052(,f)C
-1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)6.552 F 1.552
-(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552
-(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 160.8 S 2.929
+F(in)144 213.6 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G
+(he programmable completion f)-2.5 E(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E
+(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_TYPE)108
+230.4 Q F0 .042(Set to an inte)144 242.4 R .042(ger v)-.15 F .041(alue \
+corresponding to the type of completion attempted that caused a complet\
+ion)-.25 F .337(function to be called:)144 254.4 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0
+SF -.5(TA)2.837 G(B).5 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or normal completion,)-2.837
+F F2(?)2.837 E F0 2.837(,f)C .337(or listing completions after successi)
+-2.837 F .638 -.15(ve t)-.25 H(abs,).15 E F2(!)144 266.4 Q F0 4.092(,f)C
+1.592(or listing alternati)-4.092 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.092(so).15 G 4.092
+(np)-4.092 G 1.592(artial w)-4.092 F 1.592(ord completion,)-.1 F F2(@)
+4.092 E F0 4.092(,t)C 4.092(ol)-4.092 G 1.592(ist completions if the w)
+-4.092 F 1.591(ord is not)-.1 F 1.552(unmodi\214ed, or)144 278.4 R F2(%)
+4.052 E F0 4.052(,f)C 1.552(or menu completion.)-4.052 F 1.552(This v)
+6.552 F 1.552(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G 1.552
+(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 290.4 S 2.929
(ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429
(yt)-5.429 G 2.929(he programmable completion f)-5.429 F 2.929
(acilities \(see)-.1 F F1(Pr)5.428 E(ogrammable)-.18 E(Completion)144
-172.8 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 189.6 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E
-F0 1.335(The set of characters that the)144 201.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G
+302.4 Q F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COMP_W)108 319.2 Q(ORDBREAKS)-.1 E
+F0 1.335(The set of characters that the)144 331.2 R F1 -.18(re)3.836 G
(adline).18 E F0 1.336(library treats as w)3.836 F 1.336
(ord separators when performing w)-.1 F(ord)-.1 E 3.126(completion. If)
-144 213.6 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626
+144 343.2 R/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)3.126 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0 .626
(is unset, it loses its special properties, e)2.876 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
3.125(ni).15 G 3.125(fi)-3.125 G 3.125(ti)-3.125 G 3.125(ss)-3.125 G
-(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 225.6 Q F1(COMP_W)108 242.4 Q(ORDS)
--.1 E F0 .653(An array v)144 254.4 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1
-(Arrays)3.153 E F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F
-.654(vidual w)-.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333
-(line. The)144 266.4 R 1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)
--.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332 G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832
-(uld split it, using).1 F F3(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082
-E .831(described abo)144 278.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831
-(his v)-5.831 F .831(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832
+(ubse-)-3.125 E(quently reset.)144 355.2 Q F1(COMP_W)108 372 Q(ORDS)-.1
+E F0 .653(An array v)144 384 R .653(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)3.153
+E F0(belo)3.153 E .654(w\) consisting of the indi)-.25 F .654(vidual w)
+-.25 F .654(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.333(line. The)144 396 R
+1.832(line is split into w)4.332 F 1.832(ords as)-.1 F F1 -.18(re)4.332
+G(adline).18 E F0 -.1(wo)4.332 G 1.832(uld split it, using).1 F F3
+(COMP_W)4.332 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E F0(as)4.082 E .831(described abo)144
+408 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.831(.T).15 G .831(his v)-5.831 F .831
+(ariable is a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .832
(ilable only in shell functions in).25 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.332
(db).1 G 3.332(yt)-3.332 G .832(he programmable)-3.332 F(completion f)
-144 290.4 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18
-E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1(COPR)108 307.2 Q(OC)-.3 E F0 .169
-(An array v)144 319.2 R .169(ariable \(see)-.25 F F1(Arrays)2.669 E F0
+144 420 Q(acilities \(see)-.1 E F1(Pr)2.5 E(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E
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+-3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 600 R .868
+(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the)
+-.1 F 26.328(administrator who installs)144 612 R F2(bash)28.828 E F0
+31.329(.A)C 26.329(common v)-2.5 F 26.329(alue is)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0
+SF(/usr/gnu/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/ucb:/bin:/usr/bin)144 624 Q F0(.)A
+F2(POSIXL)108 636 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 648 R .472
+(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F2(bash)2.971 E
+F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F F3 .471(posix mode)2.971 F F0
+.471(before reading)2.971 F .011(the startup \214les, as if the)144 660
+R F2(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011
+(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011
+(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 672 Q F2(bash)2.5
+E F0(enables)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft)
+-2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F5(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15
+(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F2(PR)108 684 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0
+(If set, the v)144 696 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E
+(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(15)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 16 16
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)108 84 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0
+.676(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 96 R .676
(alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923
-(nents to retain when e)144 576 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423
+(nents to retain when e)144 108 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423
E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see)
-3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E
-(Characters remo)144 588 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
-(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 600 Q F0 .064(The v)
+3.423 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E
+(w\).)-.25 E(Characters remo)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
+(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 132 Q F0 .065(The v)
19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15
F F2(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065
-(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 612 R
+(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 144 R
(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0
--.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 624 Q F0 .118(The v)19.33 F .118
-(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .118(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)
-2.617 E F0 .117(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.367 F(The)
-5.117 E(def)144 636 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G
-(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 648 Q F0 1.115(The v)19.33 F 1.115
+-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 156 Q F0 .117(The v)19.33 F .117
+(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)
+2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The)
+5.118 E(def)144 168 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G
+(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 180 Q F0 1.116(The v)19.33 F 1.115
(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select)
-3.615 E F0 1.116(command \(see)3.616 F F2 1.116(SHELL GRAM-)3.616 F(MAR)
-144 660 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 672 Q F0
-.101(The v)19.33 F .101(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .101
-(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .1(and the v)2.35 F .1
-(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 684 Q F0 .291
-(displays during an e)2.791 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F
-.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .292
-(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 696 Q 2.5(,t)
+3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR)
+144 192 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 204 Q F0 .1
+(The v)19.33 F .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1(xpanded as with)
+-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101
+(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 216 Q F0 .292
+(displays during an e)2.792 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F
+.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .291
+(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 228 Q 2.5(,t)
-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0
--.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 April 17)145.955 E(15)
-195.945 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 16 16
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL)108 84 Q F0 .664
-(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 96 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F
-.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .663
-(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 108 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 240 Q F0 .663
+(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 252 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F
+.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664
+(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 264 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55
-G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 120 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .826(The v)144
-132 R .826
+G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 276 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144
+288 R .826
(alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F
-3.327(wt)-.25 G .827(he timing information for)-3.327 F .649
-(pipelines pre\214x)144 144 R .649(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.149 E F0
-(reserv)3.149 E .649(ed w)-.15 F .648(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
-(The)5.648 E F1(%)3.148 E F0 .648(character introduces)3.148 F .711
-(an escape sequence that is e)144 156 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
-.712(alue or other information.)-.25 F .712(The escape sequences)5.712 F
-(and their meanings are as follo)144 168 Q
-(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 186 Q F0 2.5
-(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 198 Q/F2 10
+3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648
+(pipelines pre\214x)144 300 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0
+(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
+(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712
+(an escape sequence that is e)144 312 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
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+(and their meanings are as follo)144 324 Q
+(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 342 Q F0 2.5
+(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 354 Q/F3 10
/Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68
-E F1(%[)144 210 Q F2(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0
-(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 222 Q
-F2(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)
-13.34 E F1(%P)144 234 Q F0
+E F1(%[)144 366 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0
+(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 378 Q
+F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)
+13.34 E F1(%P)144 390 Q F0
(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87
-(The optional)144 250.8 R F2(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
-3.37 F F2(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87
-(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.525(point. A)
-144 262.8 R -.25(va)2.525 G .025
-(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .026
-(At most three places after the)5.025 F .538
-(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 274.8 R .538(alues of)-.25 F F2
-(p)3.038 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.537 E
-F2(p)3.037 E F0 .537(is not speci\214ed,)3.037 F(the v)144 286.8 Q
-(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .667(The optional)144 303.6 R F1(l)3.167 E F0
+(The optional)144 406.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
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+(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A)
+144 418.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025
+(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025
+(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537
+(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 430.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3
+(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E
+F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 442.8 Q
+(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 459.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0
.668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F
-F2(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F2(SS)A F0(.)A F2(FF)A F0 3.168(s. The)B -.25(va)
-3.168 G(lue).25 E(of)144 315.6 Q F2(p)2.5 E F0
-(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E .001
-(If this v)144 332.4 R .001(ariable is not set,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.501 E
-F0 .001(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)2.5 E
-(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .494(If the v)144
-344.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F
+F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va)
+3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 471.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0
+(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E(If this v)144
+488.4 Q(ariable is not set,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.501 E F0 .001
+(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)2.501 E
+(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .495(If the v)144
+500.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F
2.994(At)5.494 G .494(railing ne)-2.994 F .494
(wline is added when the for)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(mat string is displayed.)144
-356.4 Q F1(TMOUT)108 373.2 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 385.2 R .941
-(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMOUT)3.441 E F0
-.941(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1
--.18(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 397.2 Q
-F1(select)2.81 E F0 .31(command terminates if input does not arri)2.81 F
-.611 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F3(TMOUT)2.811 E F0 .311
-(seconds when input is com-)2.561 F .886(ing from a terminal.)144 409.2
-R .886(In an interacti)5.886 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v)
-.15 F .885(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1
-(wa)144 421.2 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F
-F1(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546
+512.4 Q F1(TMOUT)108 529.2 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 541.2 R .941
+(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941
+(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18
+(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 553.2 Q F1
+(select)2.811 E F0 .311(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811
+F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31
+(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F .885(ing from a terminal.)144 565.2 R
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+F .886(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144
+577.2 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1
+(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546
(aiting for that number of)-.1 F(seconds if input does not arri)144
-433.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 450 Q F0 .274(If set,)144
-462 R F1(Bash)2.774 E F0 .274(uses its v)2.774 F .274
-(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(Bash)2.773 E F0 .273
-(creates temporary \214les for the)2.773 F(shell')144 474 Q 2.5(su)-.55
-G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 490.8 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .53(This v)144 502.8
-R .53(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.03(wt)-.25 G .531
-(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.03 F .531
-(If this v)5.531 F .531(ariable is set,)-.25 F .539(single w)144 514.8 R
+589.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 606 Q F0 .273(If set,)144
+618 R F1(Bash)2.773 E F0 .273(uses its v)2.773 F .274
+(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(Bash)2.774 E F0 .274
+(creates temporary \214les for the)2.774 F(shell')144 630 Q 2.5(su)-.55
+G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 646.8 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 658.8
+R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531
+(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53
+(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 670.8 R
.538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\
- for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 526.8 S .366(isting stopped job)
-.15 F 5.366(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.366 F .366
-(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .367(ginning with)-.15 F
-1.125(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144
-538.8 R(The)6.125 E F2(name)3.985 E F0 1.124(of a stopped job, in this)
-3.805 F(conte)144 550.8 Q 1.132
+ for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 682.8 S .367(isting stopped job)
+.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366
+(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F
+1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144
+694.8 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this)
+3.805 F(conte)144 706.8 Q 1.133
(xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v)
-6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F2 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.633(,t).68 G 1.133
-(he string supplied must)-3.633 F .625
-(match the name of a stopped job e)144 562.8 R .624(xactly; if set to)
--.15 F F2(substring)3.124 E F0 3.124(,t).22 G .624
-(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.124 F .884
-(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 574.8 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he)
--5.884 E F2(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .885(lue pro).25 F .885
-(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)144 586.8 Q F1(%?)3.334 E
-F0 .834(job identi\214er \(see)5.834 F F3 .834(JOB CONTR)3.334 F(OL)-.27
-E F0(belo)3.084 E 3.334(w\). If)-.25 F .834(set to an)3.334 F 3.334(yo)
--.15 G .834(ther v)-3.334 F .833(alue, the supplied string)-.25 F .315
-(must be a pre\214x of a stopped job')144 598.8 R 2.816(sn)-.55 G .316
-(ame; this pro)-2.816 F .316(vides functionality analogous to the)-.15 F
-F1(%)2.816 E F2(string)A F0(job)2.816 E(identi\214er)144 610.8 Q(.)-.55
-E F1(histchars)108 627.6 Q F0 2.07(The tw)144 639.6 R 4.57(oo)-.1 G 4.57
-(rt)-4.57 G 2.07(hree characters which control history e)-4.57 F 2.07
-(xpansion and tok)-.15 F 2.07(enization \(see)-.1 F F3(HIST)4.569 E(OR)
--.162 E(Y)-.315 E(EXP)144 651.6 Q(ANSION)-.666 E F0(belo)3.465 E 3.715
-(w\). The)-.25 F 1.215(\214rst character is the)3.715 F F2 1.216
-(history e)3.715 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(character)3.716 E 3.716(,t)-.4 G
-1.216(he character which)-3.716 F .798(signals the start of a history e)
-144 663.6 R .798(xpansion, normally `)-.15 F F1(!)A F0 3.298('. The)B
-.798(second character is the)3.298 F F2(quic)3.298 E 3.298(ks)-.2 G
-(ubstitu-)-3.298 E(tion)144 675.6 Q F0(character)2.739 E 2.739(,w)-.4 G
-.239(hich is used as shorthand for re-running the pre)-2.739 F .24
-(vious command entered, substitut-)-.25 F .576
-(ing one string for another in the command.)144 687.6 R .575(The def)
-5.575 F .575(ault is `)-.1 F F1(^)A F0 3.075('. The)B .575
-(optional third character is the)3.075 F .223(character which indicates\
- that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as the \214rst \
-char)144 699.6 R(-)-.2 E 1.294(acter of a w)144 711.6 R 1.294
-(ord, normally `)-.1 F F1(#)A F0 3.794('. The)B 1.293
-(history comment character causes history substitution to be)3.794 F
-.379(skipped for the remaining w)144 723.6 R .379(ords on the line.)-.1
-F .38(It does not necessarily cause the shell parser to treat)5.379 F
-(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 April 17)145.955 E(16)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
+6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132
+(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624
+(match the name of a stopped job e)144 718.8 R .624(xactly; if set to)
+-.15 F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625
+(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F .885
+(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 730.8 R 5.884(.T)-.4 G(he)
+-5.884 E F3(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604 G .884(lue pro).25 F .884
+(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
+(2010 May 30)147.345 E(16)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(the rest of the line as a comment.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(Arrays)87 100.8 Q(Bash)108 112.8 Q F0(pro)3.391 E .891
-(vides one-dimensional inde)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.391(da).15 G .891
-(nd associati)-3.391 F 1.191 -.15(ve a)-.25 H .891(rray v).15 F 3.391
-(ariables. An)-.25 F 3.391(yv)-.15 G .89(ariable may be used as an)
--3.641 F(inde)108 124.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.573(da).15 G .073(rray; the)
--2.573 F F1(declar)2.573 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.573 G .073(iltin will e)
-.2 F .073(xplicitly declare an array)-.15 F 5.073(.T)-.65 G .074
-(here is no maximum limit on the size of)-5.073 F .329(an array)108
-136.8 R 2.829(,n)-.65 G .329(or an)-2.829 F 2.829(yr)-.15 G .329
-(equirement that members be inde)-2.829 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.829(do).15 G
-2.829(ra)-2.829 G .328(ssigned contiguously)-2.829 F 5.328(.I)-.65 G
-(nde)-5.328 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.828(da).15 G .328(rrays are refer)-2.828
-F(-)-.2 E 1.386(enced using inte)108 148.8 R 1.386
-(gers \(including arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.887(xpressions\) and)-.15 F
-1.387(are zero-based; associati)3.887 F 1.687 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 1.387
-(rrays are refer).15 F(-)-.2 E(enced using arbitrary strings.)108 160.8
-Q 2.463(An inde)108 177.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 4.963(da).15 G 2.463
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-(ssigned to by the statement plus one.)-3.911 F(Inde)108 324 Q
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(xpansion of the \214rst parameter is joined with the be)-.15 F .759
-(ginning part of the original w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E .516(and the e)108
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-F .227(to the e)108 482.4 R .228(xpansion of the special parameters)-.15
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F F1(*)2.728 E F0(and)2.728 E F1(@)2.728 E F0(\(see)2.728 E F1 .228
-(Special P)2.728 F(arameters)-.1 E F0(abo)2.728 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.728
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-(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.487(ords of the)-.1 F -.15
-(ex)108 96 S 1.165(pansion; other e).15 F 1.165(xpansions e)-.15 F 1.165
-(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665(ord. The)
--.1 F 1.164(only e)3.665 F 1.164(xceptions to this are the)-.15 F -.15
-(ex)108 108 S(pansions of ").15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF($@)A F0 2.5("a)C
-(nd ")-2.5 E F1(${)A/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)A F1([@]})A F0 2.5("a)
-C 2.5(se)-2.5 G(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F3 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
-(\).)A F1(Brace Expansion)87 124.8 Q F2(Br)108.58 136.8 Q .606(ace e)
--.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606
+-.35 E(The)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(declar)3.574 E(e)-.18 E F0(,)A
+F1(local)3.574 E F0 3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F1 -.18(re)3.574 G(adonly).18
+E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F F1<ad61>3.573 E F0
+1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.573(da).15 G
+1.073(rray and a)-3.573 F F1<ad41>3.573 E F0 .751
+(option to specify an associati)108 96 R 1.051 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray).15
+E 5.751(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.751 E F1 -.18(re)3.251 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.251 G .752(iltin accepts a).2 F F1<ad61>3.252 E F0 .752
+(option to assign a list of w)3.252 F .752(ords read)-.1 F .502
+(from the standard input to an array)108 108 R 5.502(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.502
+E F1(set)3.002 E F0(and)3.002 E F1(declar)3.002 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.002 G .502(iltins display array v).2 F .502(alues in a w)-.25 F .502
+(ay that allo)-.1 F(ws)-.25 E(them to be reused as assignments.)108 120
+Q/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 136.8 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansio\
+n is performed on the command line after it has been split into w)108
+148.8 R 3.26(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk)
+.15 G .76(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 160.8 S .37(pansion performed:).15
+F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(br)2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0
+(,).24 E F3 .369(tilde e)2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(par)2.869
+E .369(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3 .369
+(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 172.8 Q F0(,).24 E F3(arithmetic e)
+2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F3(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5
+E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F3(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24
+E .47(The order of e)108 189.6 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471
+(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G
+.471(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E
+(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 201.6 Q
+(ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E
+(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 218.4 Q
+(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F3(pr)2.5 E
+(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 235.2 R 1.487
+(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487
+(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15
+(ex)108 247.2 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F
+1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665
+(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the)
+-.15 F -.15(ex)108 259.2 S(pansions of ").15 E F1($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ")
+-2.5 E F1(${)A F3(name)A F1([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G
+(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1
+(Brace Expansion)87 276 Q F3(Br)108.58 288 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)
+-.2 E F0 .606
(is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F
-.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 148.8 Q F2 .415
-(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415
+.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 300 Q F3 .415(pathname e)
+2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415
(ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F
.415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G
-(he)-2.915 E .151(form of an optional)108 160.8 R F2(pr)2.651 E(eamble)
+(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 312 R F3(pr)2.652 E(eamble)
-.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151
(wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25
-F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 172.8 R
-.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G
-.563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659
-(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\
-ch resulting string, e)108 184.8 R .659(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)
-108 196.8 Q .719(Brace e)108 213.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15
-F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
+F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 324 R .563
+(wed by an optional)-.25 F F3(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G .563
+(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659(co\
+ntained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each \
+resulting string, e)108 336 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)108
+348 Q .718(Brace e)108 364.8 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15 F .719
+(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv)
-108 225.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0
-(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.242(As)
-108 242.4 S .742(equence e)-3.242 F .742(xpression tak)-.15 F .742
-(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.242 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A
-F1(]})A F0 3.242(,w)C(here)-3.242 E F2(x)3.242 E F0(and)3.243 E F2(y)
-3.243 E F0 .743(are either inte)3.243 F .743(gers or single characters,)
--.15 F(and)108 254.4 Q F2(incr)3.032 E F0 3.032(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.032 G
+108 376.8 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0
+(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)
+108 393.6 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743
+(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F3(x)A F1(..)A F3(y)A F1([..)A F3(incr)A
+F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F3(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F3(y)
+3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,)
+-.15 F(and)108 405.6 Q F3(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G
.532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G
.532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532
-(xpression e)-.15 F .531(xpands to each)-.15 F .077(number between)108
-266.4 R F2(x)2.577 E F0(and)2.577 E F2(y)2.577 E F0 2.577(,i)C(nclusi)
--2.577 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.077(.S).15 G .077(upplied inte)-5.077 F .077
-(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .078
-(to force each term to ha)2.578 F .378 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .015
-(same width.)108 278.4 R .015(When either)5.015 F F2(x)2.515 E F0(or)
-2.515 E F2(y)2.515 E F0(be)2.515 E .014(gins with a zero, the shell att\
+(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108
+417.6 R F3(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F3(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi)
+-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077
+(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F3(0)2.577 E F0 .077
+(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014
+(same width.)108 429.6 R .014(When either)5.014 F F3(x)2.514 E F0(or)
+2.514 E F3(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\
empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143
-(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 290.4 R
+(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 441.6 R
6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F
-(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 302.4 S .542(pands to each character le)
-.15 F .542(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F2
+(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 453.6 S .541(pands to each character le)
+.15 F .541(xicographically between)-.15 F F3(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.042 E F3
(y)3.042 E F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G
-.542(ote that both)-5.542 F F2(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.041 E F2(y)3.041 E F0
-.541(must be of)3.041 F .182(the same type.)108 314.4 R .182
-(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.182 F .183
-(ference between each term.)-.25 F .183(The def)5.183 F(ault)-.1 E
-(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 326.4 Q .582(Brace e)108 343.2
-R .582(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.082(yo)-.15 G .581
-(ther e)-3.082 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.081(yc)-.15 G .581
-(haracters special to other e)-3.081 F(xpansions)-.15 E .015
-(are preserv)108 355.2 R .015(ed in the result.)-.15 F .015
-(It is strictly te)5.015 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .016
-(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.516(ys)-.15 G .016
-(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.516 F(te)108 367.2 Q
+.542(ote that both)-5.542 F F3(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F3(y)3.042 E F0
+.542(must be of)3.042 F .183(the same type.)108 465.6 R .182
+(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.183 F .182
+(ference between each term.)-.25 F .182(The def)5.182 F(ault)-.1 E
+(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 477.6 Q .581(Brace e)108 494.4
+R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581
+(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582
+(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016
+(are preserv)108 506.4 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
+(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015
+(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015
+(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 518.4 Q
(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)
--.15 E 3.633(Ac)108 384 S 1.133(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.633 F 1.132(\
-xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\
- one)-.15 F 3.44(unquoted comma or a v)108 396 R 3.441(alid sequence e)
--.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
-(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.441(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
-(unchanged. A)108 408 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255
-(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255
-(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.91
-(sion. T)108 420 R 2.91(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.11 G .41
+-.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 535.2 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132
+(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\
+t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 547.2 R 3.441
+(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
+(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
+(unchanged. A)108 559.2 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0
+.255(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255
+(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911
+(sion. T)108 571.2 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411
(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
-F1(${)2.911 E F0 .411(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
-(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 432 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used as\
- shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is)
-108 448.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 460.8 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H
-(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 477.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25
-G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 489.6 Q(cho)144 501.6 Q
+F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
+(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 583.2 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used \
+as shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is)
+108 600 R(longer than in the abo)108 612 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:)
+.15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 628.8 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G
+(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 640.8 Q(cho)144 652.8 Q
(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)
--.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 518.4 R .618
+-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 669.6 R .618
(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
-(does not treat open-)3.118 F .248
-(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 530.4 R 2.748(ya)-.15 G
-.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.748 F .247(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .247
-(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.247 E F0(remo)108 542.4 Q -.15
+(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
+(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 681.6 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
+.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
+(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 693.6 Q -.15
(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03
(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh)
-3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F2(\214le{1,2})108 554.4 Q F0 .515
-(appears identically in the output.)3.015 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515
-(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .514(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .514(after e)
-3.034 F .514(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.014 E F0(.)A .436
-(If strict compatibility with)108 566.4 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
+3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E F3(\214le{1,2})108 705.6 Q F0 .514
+(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F .515
+(ord is output as)-.1 F F3 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e)
+3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437
+(If strict compatibility with)108 717.6 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1
-(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .437
-(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 578.4 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
-(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E F3(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)87 595.2 S
-(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.087(If a w)108 607.2 R 1.087(ord be)-.1 F
-1.087(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.086
-('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\
- \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a)
-108 619.2 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)
--5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .726(in the tilde-pre\214x\
- are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 631.2 R .725
-(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 643.2 Q .522
-(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.522(.I)C 3.022(ft)-5.522 G .522
-(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.022 F .523(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 655.2 Q F4
-(.)A F0(If)4.787 E F3(HOME)2.787 E F0 .287
-(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.537 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .286
-(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.286 E(-)-.2 E(w\
-ise, the tilde-pre\214x is replaced with the home directory associated \
-with the speci\214ed login name.)108 667.2 Q .092
-(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 684 R .092
-(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092
-(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .093(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
-5.093 F 3.404(a`)108 696 S .904(~\255', the v)-3.404 F .904
-(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0
-.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .903(If the characters follo)
-5.903 F .903(wing the)-.25 F 1.641
-(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 708 R F2(N)4.141 E
-F0 4.142(,o)C 1.642(ptionally pre\214x)-4.142 F 1.642
-(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.438(replaced w\
-ith the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it w)108 720
-R 1.437(ould be displayed by the)-.1 F F1(dirs)3.937 E F0(GNU Bash-4.1)
-72 768 Q(2010 April 17)145.955 E(18)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
+(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436
+(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 729.6 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
+(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E F4(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E
+(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
+(2010 May 30)147.345 E(18)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E -.2(bu)108 84 S .454(iltin in).2 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.954
-(dw).1 G .454(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.954 F 2.954(gument. If)
--.18 F .454(the characters follo)2.954 F .455
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(Ti)87 84 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0
+1.086(If a w)108 96 R 1.086(ord be)-.1 F 1.086
+(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0 1.087
+('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(slash\
+ \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are considered a)
+108 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0
+5.185(.I)C 2.685(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(i\
+n the tilde-pre\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x f\
+ollo)108 120 R .726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2
+(lo)108 132 Q .523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
+(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
+-3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(HOME)108 144 Q/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0(If)4.786 E F3(HOME)2.786 E
+F0 .287(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G .287(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)
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-(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .256(are recognized.)108
-262.8 R .256(In the follo)5.256 F .256(wing description, a)-.25 F F3
+ter)144 340.8 Q F2(c)2.5 E F0(.)A -.4(Wi)144 358.8 S(thin).4 E F1([)2.5
+E F0(and)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C(he syntax)-2.5 E F1([.)2.5 E F2
+(symbol)A F1(.])A F0(matches the collating symbol)2.5 E F2(symbol)2.5 E
+F0(.)A .705(If the)108 375.6 R F1(extglob)3.205 E F0 .705
+(shell option is enabled using the)3.205 F F1(shopt)3.205 E F0 -.2(bu)
+3.205 G .704(iltin, se).2 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .704(ral e).15 F .704
+(xtended pattern matching operators)-.15 F .255(are recognized.)108
+387.6 R .255(In the follo)5.255 F .255(wing description, a)-.25 F F2
(pattern-list)2.755 E F0 .255
-(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F2(|)2.755 E
+(is a list of one or more patterns separated by a)2.755 F F1(|)2.756 E
F0(.)A(Composite patterns may be formed using one or more of the follo)
-108 274.8 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F2(?\()144 298.8 Q F3
-(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0
-(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 310.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(*\()144 322.8 Q F3(pattern-list).833 E F2
-(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 334.8 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(+\()144 346.8 Q F3
-(pattern-list).833 E F2(\)).833 E F0
-(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 358.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(@\()144 370.8 Q F3(pattern-list).833 E F2
-(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 382.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np)
-.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(!\()144 394.8 Q F3(pattern-list).833 E F2(\))
-.833 E F0(Matches an)180 406.8 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)
--.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F2(Quote Remo)87 423.6
-Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.112(After the preceding e)108 435.6 R 1.112
-(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F2(\\)
-3.613 E F0(,)A F2<08>3.613 E F0 3.613(,a)C(nd)-3.613 E F2(")4.446 E F0
-1.113(that did not result)4.446 F(from one of the abo)108 447.6 Q .3
+108 399.6 Q(wing sub-patterns:)-.25 E F1(?\()144 423.6 Q F2
+(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0
+(Matches zero or one occurrence of the gi)180 435.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(*\()144 447.6 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
+(\)).833 E F0(Matches zero or more occurrences of the gi)180 459.6 Q
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(+\()144 471.6 Q F2
+(pattern-list).833 E F1(\)).833 E F0
+(Matches one or more occurrences of the gi)180 483.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
+2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(@\()144 495.6 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1
+(\)).833 E F0(Matches one of the gi)180 507.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np)
+.15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(!\()144 519.6 Q F2(pattern-list).833 E F1(\))
+.833 E F0(Matches an)180 531.6 Q(ything e)-.15 E(xcept one of the gi)
+-.15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(atterns)-2.5 E F1(Quote Remo)87 548.4
+Q -.1(va)-.1 G(l).1 E F0 1.113(After the preceding e)108 560.4 R 1.113
+(xpansions, all unquoted occurrences of the characters)-.15 F F1(\\)
+3.613 E F0(,)A F1<08>3.612 E F0 3.612(,a)C(nd)-3.612 E F1(")4.445 E F0
+1.112(that did not result)4.445 F(from one of the abo)108 572.4 Q .3
-.15(ve ex)-.15 H(pansions are remo).15 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E/F4
-10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 464.4 Q F0 .545
-(Before a command is e)108 476.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
-(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F3 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E
-(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .616
-(by the shell.)108 488.4 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open an\
-d close \214les for the current shell e)5.616 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .617
-(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.275(ment. The)108 500.4 R(follo)3.275 E
+10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(REDIRECTION)72 589.2 Q F0 .545
+(Before a command is e)108 601.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .545
+(cuted, its input and output may be).15 F F2 -.37(re)3.045 G(dir).37 E
+(ected)-.37 E F0 .545(using a special notation interpreted)3.815 F .617
+(by the shell.)108 613.2 R .617(Redirection may also be used to open an\
+d close \214les for the current shell e)5.617 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .616
+(cution en).15 F(viron-)-.4 E 3.274(ment. The)108 625.2 R(follo)3.274 E
.774(wing redirection operators may precede or appear an)-.25 F .774
-(ywhere within a)-.15 F F3 .774(simple command)3.614 F F0(or)4.044 E
-(may follo)108 512.4 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F3(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G
+(ywhere within a)-.15 F F2 .775(simple command)3.615 F F0(or)4.045 E
+(may follo)108 637.2 Q 2.5(wa)-.25 G F2(command)A F0 5(.R).77 G
(edirections are processed in the order the)-5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(ppear)
-2.5 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(rom left to right.)-2.5 E .771(Each redirection tha\
t may be preceded by a \214le descriptor number may instead be preceded\
- by a w)108 529.2 R .772(ord of)-.1 F .293(the form {)108 541.2 R F3
+ by a w)108 654 R .771(ord of)-.1 F .292(the form {)108 666 R F2
(varname)A F0 2.793(}. In)B .293
(this case, for each redirection operator e)2.793 F .293
-(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.498<618c>108 553.2
-S .999(le descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to)-3.498 F F3
-(varname)3.499 E F0 5.999(.I)C 3.499(f>)-5.999 G .999
-(&- or <&- is preceded by {)-3.499 F F3(varname)A F0 .999(}, the)B -.25
-(va)108 565.2 S(lue of).25 E F3(varname)2.5 E F0
-(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .284(In the follo)108
-582 R .283(wing descriptions, if the \214le descriptor number is omitte\
-d, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F .512
-(ion operator is)108 594 R F2(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512
+(xcept >&- and <&-, the shell will allocate)-.15 F 3.499<618c>108 678 S
+.999(le descriptor greater than 10 and assign it to)-3.499 F F2(varname)
+3.499 E F0 5.999(.I)C 3.499(f>)-5.999 G .999(&- or <&- is preceded by {)
+-3.499 F F2(varname)A F0 .998(}, the)B -.25(va)108 690 S(lue of).25 E F2
+(varname)2.5 E F0(de\214nes the \214le descriptor to close.)2.5 E .283
+(In the follo)108 706.8 R .284(wing descriptions, if the \214le descrip\
+tor number is omitted, and the \214rst character of the redirect-)-.25 F
+.513(ion operator is)108 718.8 R F1(<)3.012 E F0 3.012(,t)C .512
(he redirection refers to the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\).)
-3.012 F .512(If the \214rst character of the)5.512 F
-(redirection operator is)108 606 Q F2(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
+(redirection operator is)108 730.8 Q F1(>)2.5 E F0 2.5(,t)C
(he redirection refers to the standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\).)
--2.5 E .825(The w)108 622.8 R .825(ord follo)-.1 F .824
-(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .824
-(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .772
-(jected to brace e)108 634.8 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773
-(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .773
-(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .844
-(sion, quote remo)108 646.8 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F
-.843(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843
-F .843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E F2(bash)3.343 E F0
-(reports an error)108 658.8 Q(.)-.55 E
-(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 675.6 Q -.15
-(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 692.4 Q F2(>)2.5
-E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A
-(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 709.2
-Q F3(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 726
-Q F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(>)2.5 E F0(dirlist)2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
-(2010 April 17)145.955 E(23)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
+-2.5 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(23)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E .527(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 84 R/F1 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)3.027 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527
-(ecause the standard error w)-3.027 F .527
-(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F
-(output before the standard output w)108 96 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F1
-(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Bash)108 112.8 Q F0 .599
-(handles se)3.099 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .599
-(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)-.15 G .598
-(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F(wing)-.25 E
-(table:)108 124.8 Q F2(/de)144 141.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F1(fd)A F0(If)180
-153.6 Q F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15 E 2.5
-<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5 E F2
-(/de)144 165.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)180
-177.6 Q F2(/de)144 189.6 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0
-(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 201.6 Q F2(/de)144 213.6 Q
-(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 225.6 Q F2(/de)
-144 237.6 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)180 249.6 Q
-F1(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.997 E F0 .497
-(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 261.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0
-(attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.)
--.1 E F2(/de)144 273.6 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F1(host)A F2(/)A F1(port)A F0(If)
-180 285.6 Q F1(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
-(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F1(port)2.996 E F0 .496
+-.35 E .824(The w)108 84 R .824(ord follo)-.1 F .824
+(wing the redirection operator in the follo)-.25 F .825
+(wing descriptions, unless otherwise noted, is sub-)-.25 F .773
+(jected to brace e)108 96 R .773(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .773
+(xpansion, parameter e)-.15 F .772
+(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F(xpan-)-.15 E .843
+(sion, quote remo)108 108 R -.25(va)-.15 G .843(l, pathname e).25 F .843
+(xpansion, and w)-.15 F .843(ord splitting.)-.1 F .843(If it e)5.843 F
+.843(xpands to more than one w)-.15 F(ord,)-.1 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
+(bash)3.344 E F0(reports an error)108 120 Q(.)-.55 E
+(Note that the order of redirections is signi\214cant.)108 136.8 Q -.15
+(Fo)5 G 2.5(re).15 G(xample, the command)-2.65 E(ls)144 153.6 Q F1(>)2.5
+E F0(dirlist 2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A
+(directs both standard output and standard error to the \214le)108 170.4
+Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(dirlist)2.5 E F0 2.5(,w).68 G
+(hile the command)-2.5 E(ls 2)144 187.2 Q F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(>)2.5 E F0
+(dirlist)2.5 E .527(directs only the standard output to \214le)108 204 R
+F2(dirlist)3.027 E F0 3.027(,b).68 G .527(ecause the standard error w)
+-3.027 F .527(as duplicated from the standard)-.1 F
+(output before the standard output w)108 216 Q(as redirected to)-.1 E F2
+(dirlist)2.5 E F0(.).68 E F1(Bash)108 232.8 Q F0 .598(handles se)3.098 F
+-.15(ve)-.25 G .598(ral \214lenames specially when the).15 F 3.099(ya)
+-.15 G .599(re used in redirections, as described in the follo)-3.099 F
+(wing)-.25 E(table:)108 244.8 Q F1(/de)144 261.6 Q(v/fd/)-.15 E F2(fd)A
+F0(If)180 273.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is a v)2.5 E(alid inte)-.25 E(ger)-.15
+E 2.5<2c8c>-.4 G(le descriptor)-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(is duplicated.)2.5
+E F1(/de)144 285.6 Q(v/stdin)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 0 is duplicated.)
+180 297.6 Q F1(/de)144 309.6 Q(v/stdout)-.15 E F0
+(File descriptor 1 is duplicated.)180 321.6 Q F1(/de)144 333.6 Q
+(v/stderr)-.15 E F0(File descriptor 2 is duplicated.)180 345.6 Q F1(/de)
+144 357.6 Q(v/tcp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)180 369.6 Q
+F2(host)2.997 E F0 .497(is a v)2.997 F .497
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.996 E F0 .496
(is an inte)2.996 F .496(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(vice name,)180 297.6 Q F2(bash)2.5 E F0
+(vice name,)180 381.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(attempts to open a TCP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.)
+-.1 E F1(/de)144 393.6 Q(v/udp/)-.15 E F2(host)A F1(/)A F2(port)A F0(If)
+180 405.6 Q F2(host)2.996 E F0 .496(is a v)2.996 F .496
+(alid hostname or Internet address, and)-.25 F F2(port)2.997 E F0 .497
+(is an inte)2.997 F .497(ger port number or ser)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
+(vice name,)180 417.6 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(attempts to open a UDP connection to the corresponding sock)2.5 E(et.)
--.1 E 2.5(Af)108 314.4 S
+-.1 E 2.5(Af)108 434.4 S
(ailure to open or create a \214le causes the redirection to f)-2.6 E
-(ail.)-.1 E .946(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\
-hould be used with care, as the)108 331.2 R 3.447(ym)-.15 G .947
-(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.447 F
-(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 343.2 Q(.)-.65 E F2(Redir)87
-360 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
+(ail.)-.1 E .947(Redirections using \214le descriptors greater than 9 s\
+hould be used with care, as the)108 451.2 R 3.446(ym)-.15 G .946
+(ay con\215ict with \214le)-3.446 F
+(descriptors the shell uses internally)108 463.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1(Redir)87
+480 Q(ecting Input)-.18 E F0 .391
(Redirection of input causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 372 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
-(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 384 Q F1(n)
+108 492 R .391(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.231 E(d)-.37 E F0 .391
+(to be opened for read-)3.661 F(ing on \214le descriptor)108 504 Q F2(n)
2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(rt)-2.5 G
-(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0
+(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0
(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
-(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 400.8 Q([)144 417.6 Q
-F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 434.4 Q
-(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174
+(The general format for redirecting input is:)108 520.8 Q([)144 537.6 Q
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 554.4 Q
+(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .175
(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
-108 446.4 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175
-(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 458.4
-R F1(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F1(n)3.684 E F0
-.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F
--.15(ex)108 470.4 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
+108 566.4 R .174(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.014 E(d)-.37 E F0 .174
+(to be opened for writ-)3.444 F .824(ing on \214le descriptor)108 578.4
+R F2(n)3.324 E F0 3.324(,o).24 G 3.324(rt)-3.324 G .824
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.324 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
+.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .825(If the \214le does not)5.825 F
+-.15(ex)108 590.4 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E
-(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 487.2 Q([)144 504 Q
-F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154
-(If the redirection operator is)108 520.8 R F2(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C
-.154(nd the)-2.654 F F2(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
-2.654 F F2(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155
-(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 532.8 R
-.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657
-(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-)
-5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 544.8 R F2(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
-2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F2(>)2.909 E
-F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F2(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409
-(option to the)2.909 F F2(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409
+(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 607.2 Q([)144 624 Q
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .155
+(If the redirection operator is)108 640.8 R F1(>)2.655 E F0 2.655(,a)C
+.155(nd the)-2.655 F F1(noclob)2.655 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
+2.654 F F1(set)2.654 E F0 -.2(bu)2.654 G .154
+(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .657(will f)108 652.8 R
+.657(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .658
+(ists and is a re).15 F .658(gular \214le.)-.15 F .658(If the redi-)
+5.658 F .409(rection operator is)108 664.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
+2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E
+F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409
+(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.908 G .408
(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108
-556.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
--2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87
-573.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642
-(Redirection of output in this f)108 585.6 R .642
-(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473
-(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 597.6 R F1(n)2.973 E F0
+676.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
+-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87
+693.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641
+(Redirection of output in this f)108 705.6 R .642
+(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474
+(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 717.6 R F2(n)2.974 E F0
2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.334 E F0
-.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108
-609.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
-(The general format for appending output is:)108 626.4 Q([)144 643.2 Q
-F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 664.8 Q
-(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
-(This construct allo)108 676.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
-\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
--.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-688.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
-(There are tw)108 705.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
-(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2
-(&>)144 722.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
-(2010 April 17)145.955 E(24)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.333 E F0
+.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108
+729.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)
+147.345 E(24)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(and)108 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>&)144 96 Q/F2 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 112.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+-.35 E(The general format for appending output is:)108 84 Q([)144 100.8
+Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>>)A F1(wor)A
+(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 122.4 Q(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)
+-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248(This construct allo)108 134.4 R .249(ws both t\
+he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error outpu\
+t \(\214le descrip-)-.25 F
+(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108 146.4 Q
+(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E(There are tw)108
+163.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2
+(&>)144 180 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 192 Q F2(>&)144 204 Q F1(wor)
+A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 220.8 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E
--.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 129.6 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
-E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1 -.25(Ap)87 151.2 S
-(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
-(This construct allo)108 163.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
+-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 237.6 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5
+E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2 -.25(Ap)87 259.2 S
+(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
+(This construct allo)108 271.2 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-175.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
-(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 192
-Q F1(&>>)144 208.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(This is semantically equi)108
-225.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>>)144 242.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E
-F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A F1(Her)87 259.2 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5
+283.2 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
+(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108 300
+Q F2(&>>)144 316.8 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(This is semantically equi)108
+333.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>>)144 350.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E
+F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A F2(Her)87 367.2 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5
E F0 .33(This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input fro\
-m the current source until a line containing only)108 271.2 R F2
-(delimiter)108.35 283.2 Q F0 .614(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)
-3.844 F .615
+m the current source until a line containing only)108 379.2 R F1
+(delimiter)108.35 391.2 Q F0 .615(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)
+3.845 F .615
(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615
-F(dard input for a command.)108 295.2 Q
-(The format of here-documents is:)108 312 Q F1(<<)144 328.8 Q F0([)A F1
-<ad>A F0(])A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 340.8 Q(e-document)-.37 E
-(delimiter)144 352.8 Q F0 .128(No parameter e)108 369.6 R .127
+F(dard input for a command.)108 403.2 Q
+(The format of here-documents is:)108 420 Q F2(<<)144 436.8 Q F0([)A F2
+<ad>A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 448.8 Q(e-document)-.37 E
+(delimiter)144 460.8 Q F0 .127(No parameter e)108 477.6 R .127
(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15 F .127
-(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .127(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108
-381.6 Q F2(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.774(.I).77 G 3.274(fa)-5.774 G
-1.074 -.15(ny c)-3.274 H .774(haracters in).15 F F2(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E
-F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F2(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774
-(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.275(lo).25 G(n)
--3.275 E F2(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.275(,a).77 G(nd)-3.275 E .905
-(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 393.6 R 3.405(xpanded. If)
--.15 F F2(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .904
-(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .694
-(subjected to parameter e)108 405.6 R .695
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.195
-(xpansion. In)-.15 F .695(the latter case, the)3.195 F
-(character sequence)108 417.6 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)
-2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)
-2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602
-(If the redirection operator is)108 434.4 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101
+(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F .128(xpansion is performed)-.15 F(on)108
+489.6 Q F1(wor)3.275 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.775(.I).77 G 3.275(fa)-5.775 G
+1.075 -.15(ny c)-3.275 H .774(haracters in).15 F F1(wor)3.614 E(d)-.37 E
+F0 .774(are quoted, the)4.044 F F1(delimiter)3.624 E F0 .774
+(is the result of quote remo)4.004 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.274(lo).25 G(n)
+-3.274 E F1(wor)3.274 E(d)-.37 E F0 3.274(,a).77 G(nd)-3.274 E .904
+(the lines in the here-document are not e)108 501.6 R 3.405(xpanded. If)
+-.15 F F1(wor)3.405 E(d)-.37 E F0 .905
+(is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are)3.405 F .695
+(subjected to parameter e)108 513.6 R .695
+(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.194
+(xpansion. In)-.15 F .694(the latter case, the)3.194 F
+(character sequence)108 525.6 Q F2(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0(is ignored, and)
+2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)
+2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601
+(If the redirection operator is)108 542.4 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101
(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\
- and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 446.4 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5
+ and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 554.4 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5
(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E
(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f)
--.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 463.2 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0
-2.5(Av)108 475.2 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1
-(<<<)144 492 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 508.8 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37
+-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F2(Her)87 571.2 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0
+2.5(Av)108 583.2 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F2
+(<<<)144 600 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 616.8 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37
E F0(is e)2.5 E
-(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E F1
-(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 525.6 Q F0(The redirection operator)108
-537.6 Q([)144 554.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .126
-(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 571.2 R(If)5.127 E
-F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127
+(xpanded and supplied to the command on its standard input.)-.15 E F2
+(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 633.6 Q F0(The redirection operator)108
+645.6 Q([)144 662.4 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127
+(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 679.2 R(If)5.127 E
+F1(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126
(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-583.2 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G
-2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
-2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0
-.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 595.2 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor)
-2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E
-F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.)
-2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F
-(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 607.2 Q
-(The operator)108 624 Q([)144 640.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A(d)
--.37 E F0 .444
-(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 657.6 R
-(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443
-(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 669.6 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)
-4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
-utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.597(occurs. As)108 681.6 R 2.597
-(as)2.597 G .097(pecial case, if)-2.597 F F2(n)2.596 E F0 .096
-(is omitted, and)2.596 F F2(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)
-2.596 F .096(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F
-(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 693.6 Q
-(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 April 17)145.955 E
-(25)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
+691.2 Q F1(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
+2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
+2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F1(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0
+.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15
+(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 703.2 R(If)5.15 E F1(wor)
+2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F2<ad>2.65 E F0
+2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149
+(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F1(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)
+2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 715.2 Q
+(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(25)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Mo)87 84 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0
-(The redirection operator)108 96 Q([)144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 129.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.035(st).15 G .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2(digit)3.035 E F0
-.535(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0 3.035(,o).24 G 3.035
-(rt)-3.035 G .536(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F
-F2(n)3.036 E F0 .536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 141.6 Q F2(digit)
-5 E F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(Similarly)108 158.4 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
-144 175.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 192 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2
-(digit)2.786 E F0 .286(to \214le descriptor)2.786 F F2(n)2.786 E F0
-2.786(,o).24 G 2.786(rt)-2.786 G .285
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F F2(n)2.785 E F0
-.285(is not speci-)2.785 F(\214ed.)108 204 Q F1
-(Opening File Descriptors f)87 220.8 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
-(The redirection operator)108 232.8 Q([)144 249.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)
-A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
-266.4 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349
+-.35 E(The operator)108 84 Q([)144 100.8 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A
+F0(])A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(>&)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .443
+(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 117.6 R
+(If)5.443 E F1(n)3.304 E F0 .444
+(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358
+(tor 1\) is used.)108 129.6 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F1(wor)
+4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
+utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.596(occurs. As)108 141.6 R 2.596
+(as)2.596 G .096(pecial case, if)-2.596 F F1(n)2.596 E F0 .096
+(is omitted, and)2.596 F F1(wor)2.596 E(d)-.37 E F0 .096(does not e)
+2.596 F .096(xpand to one or more digits, the standard out-)-.15 F
+(put and standard error are redirected as described pre)108 153.6 Q
+(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F2(Mo)87 170.4 Q(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0
+(The redirection operator)108 182.4 Q([)144 199.2 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<&)
+A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 216 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536
+(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F1(digit)3.036 E F0 .536
+(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F1(n)3.036 E F0 3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)
+-3.036 G .535(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F1
+(n)3.035 E F0 .535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 228 Q F1(digit)5 E
+F0(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F1(n)2.5 E F0(.)A
+(Similarly)108 244.8 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)
+144 261.6 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>&)A F1(digit)A F2<ad>A F0(mo)108 278.4 Q
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F1
+(digit)2.785 E F0 .285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F1(n)2.785 E F0
+2.785(,o).24 G 2.785(rt)-2.785 G .286
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F F1(n)2.786 E F0
+.286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 290.4 Q F2
+(Opening File Descriptors f)87 307.2 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
+(The redirection operator)108 319.2 Q([)144 336 Q F1(n)A F0(])A F2(<>)A
+F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
+352.8 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349
(to be opened for both reading and writing on \214le)4.619 F(descriptor)
-108 278.4 Q F2(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G
-(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F2(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
+108 364.8 Q F1(n)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o).24 G 2.5(ro)-2.5 G 2.5<6e8c>-2.5 G
+(le descriptor 0 if)-2.5 E F1(n)2.86 E F0(is not speci\214ed.)2.74 E
(If the \214le does not e)5 E(xist, it is created.)-.15 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 295.2 Q F2(Aliases)108 307.2 Q F0(allo)3.174
-E 3.174(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.174 F .674
-(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .673
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(ALIASES)72 381.6 Q F1(Aliases)108 393.6 Q F0(allo)3.173
+E 3.173(was)-.25 G .674(tring to be substituted for a w)-3.173 F .674
+(ord when it is used as the \214rst w)-.1 F .674
(ord of a simple command.)-.1 F .394(The shell maintains a list of alia\
-ses that may be set and unset with the)108 319.2 R F1(alias)2.894 E F0
-(and)2.894 E F1(unalias)2.894 E F0 -.2(bu)2.894 G .394(iltin commands).2
-F(\(see)108 331.2 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.98(SHELL B)4.48 F(UIL)-.09 E
-1.98(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.23 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
-(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.979(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1
-F(check)108 343.2 Q .472(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .472
-(If so, that w)5.472 F .473(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .473
-(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .473(The characters)5.473 F F1(/)2.973 E F0(,)A
-F1($)2.973 E F0(,)A F1<92>2.973 E F0(,)A(and)108 355.2 Q F1(=)3.612 E F0
-1.112(and an)3.612 F 3.612(yo)-.15 G 3.612(ft)-3.612 G 1.112(he shell)
--3.612 F F2(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
-(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.411 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.111
-(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.619(name. The)108 367.2 R 1.119
-(replacement te)3.619 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
-1.119(alid shell input, including shell metacharacters.)-3.869 F 1.12
-(The \214rst)6.12 F -.1(wo)108 379.2 S .514(rd of the replacement te).1
-F .514(xt is tested for aliases, b)-.15 F .514(ut a w)-.2 F .513
-(ord that is identical to an alias being e)-.1 F .513(xpanded is)-.15 F
-.295(not e)108 391.2 R .295(xpanded a second time.)-.15 F .296
-(This means that one may alias)5.295 F F1(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F1
-.296(ls \255F)2.796 F F0 2.796(,f)C .296(or instance, and)-2.796 F F1
-(bash)2.796 E F0 .296(does not try)2.796 F .543(to recursi)108 403.2 R
--.15(ve)-.25 G .543(ly e).15 F .543(xpand the replacement te)-.15 F
-3.043(xt. If)-.15 F .543(the last character of the alias v)3.043 F .542
-(alue is a)-.25 F F2(blank)3.042 E F0 3.042(,t).67 G .542(hen the ne)
--3.042 F(xt)-.15 E(command w)108 415.2 Q(ord follo)-.1 E
+ses that may be set and unset with the)108 405.6 R F2(alias)2.893 E F0
+(and)2.893 E F2(unalias)2.893 E F0 -.2(bu)2.893 G .393(iltin commands).2
+F(\(see)108 417.6 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.979(SHELL B)4.479 F(UIL)-.09
+E 1.979(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)4.229 E 4.48(w\). The)-.25 F 1.98
+(\214rst w)4.48 F 1.98(ord of each simple command, if unquoted, is)-.1 F
+(check)108 429.6 Q .473(ed to see if it has an alias.)-.1 F .473
+(If so, that w)5.473 F .472(ord is replaced by the te)-.1 F .472
+(xt of the alias.)-.15 F .472(The characters)5.472 F F2(/)2.972 E F0(,)A
+F2($)2.972 E F0(,)A F2<92>2.972 E F0(,)A(and)108 441.6 Q F2(=)3.611 E F0
+1.111(and an)3.611 F 3.611(yo)-.15 G 3.611(ft)-3.611 G 1.111(he shell)
+-3.611 F F1(metac)3.612 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.112
+(or quoting characters listed abo)3.612 F 1.412 -.15(ve m)-.15 H 1.112
+(ay not appear in an alias).15 F 3.62(name. The)108 453.6 R 1.12
+(replacement te)3.62 F 1.119(xt may contain an)-.15 F 3.619(yv)-.15 G
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+(The \214rst)6.119 F -.1(wo)108 465.6 S .513(rd of the replacement te).1
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+(This means that one may alias)5.296 F F2(ls)2.796 E F0(to)2.796 E F2
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+(bash)2.795 E F0 .295(does not try)2.795 F .542(to recursi)108 489.6 R
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+(alue is a)-.25 F F1(blank)3.043 E F0 3.043(,t).67 G .543(hen the ne)
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(wing the alias is also check)-.25 E(ed for alias e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15
-E(Aliases are created and listed with the)108 432 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0
-(command, and remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith the)-2.5 E F1
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-(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 448.8 R .284
+(There is no mechanism for using ar)108 535.2 R .284
(guments in the replacement te)-.18 F 2.784(xt. If)-.15 F(ar)2.784 E
.284(guments are needed, a shell func-)-.18 F(tion should be used \(see)
-108 460.8 Q F4(FUNCTIONS)2.5 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E 1.22
-(Aliases are not e)108 477.6 R 1.22
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(xpanded when the shell is not interacti)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.72(,u)
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-(shell option is set)3.72 F(using)108 489.6 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(\(see the description of)2.5 E F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(under)2.5 E F4
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(The rules concerning the de\214nition and use of aliases are some)108
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-(one complete line of input before e)108 518.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338
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+(one complete line of input before e)108 604.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .338
(cuting an).15 F 2.838(yo)-.15 G 2.838(ft)-2.838 G .338
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+(he commands on that line.)-2.838 F .338(Aliases are e)5.338 F .338
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-(an alias de\214nition appearing on the same line as)3.404 F 1.162
-(another command does not tak)108 542.4 R 3.662(ee)-.1 G -.25(ff)-3.662
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-(because a function de\214nition is itself a compound command.)108 578.4
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--.1(wa)-.1 G .084(ys put alias de\214nitions on a sepa-).1 F
-(rate line, and do not use)108 602.4 Q F1(alias)2.5 E F0
-(in compound commands.)2.5 E -.15(Fo)108 619.2 S 2.5(ra).15 G(lmost e)
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(w\) are not inherited unless the function has been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)
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-(alue of a parameter in the)-.25 F(en)108 352.8 Q .64
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+(re\214x matches more than one job,)-3.463 F F2(bash)3.463 E F0 .963
+(reports an error)3.463 F 5.963(.U)-.55 G(sing)-5.963 E F2(%?ce)3.463 E
F0 3.464(,o)C 3.464(nt)-3.464 G .964(he other)-3.464 F .087
-(hand, refers to an)108 96 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087
-(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F1(ce)2.587 E F0 .087
+(hand, refers to an)108 220.8 R 2.587(yj)-.15 G .087
+(ob containing the string)-2.587 F F2(ce)2.587 E F0 .087
(in its command line.)2.587 F .087
-(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 108 Q F1(bash)
-2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018
-(he symbols)-5.018 F F1(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F1(%+)2.518 E F0 .018
+(If the substring matches more than one)5.087 F(job,)108 232.8 Q F2
+(bash)2.518 E F0 .018(reports an error)2.518 F 5.018(.T)-.55 G .018
+(he symbols)-5.018 F F2(%%)2.518 E F0(and)2.518 E F2(%+)2.518 E F0 .018
(refer to the shell')2.518 F 2.518(sn)-.55 G .018(otion of the)-2.518 F
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w)
-.23 G .018(hich is)-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 120
-R .495(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)
--.15 F(The)5.494 E F2(pr)4.244 E -.15(ev)-.37 G .494(ious job).15 F F0
-.494(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 132 R F1<25ad>3.287 E F0
-5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F1
-(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F1<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788
+F1(curr)2.518 E .018(ent job)-.37 F F0 2.518(,w).23 G .018(hich is)
+-2.518 F .495(the last job stopped while it w)108 244.8 R .495
+(as in the fore)-.1 F .495(ground or started in the background.)-.15 F
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+(may be)3.224 F .787(referenced using)108 256.8 R F2<25ad>3.287 E F0
+5.787(.I)C 3.287(ft)-5.787 G .787(here is only a single job,)-3.287 F F2
+(%+)3.287 E F0(and)3.287 E F2<25ad>3.287 E F0 .788
(can both be used to refer to that job)3.287 F 5.788(.I)-.4 G(n)-5.788 E
-.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 144 R F1
+.257(output pertaining to jobs \(e.g., the output of the)108 268.8 R F2
(jobs)2.756 E F0 .256(command\), the current job is al)2.756 F -.1(wa)
--.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F1(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre)
-108
156 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F1<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411
+-.1 G .256(ys \215agged with a).1 F F2(+)2.756 E F0(,)A .41(and the pre)
+108
280.8 R .41(vious job with a)-.25 F F2<ad>2.91 E F0 5.41(.A)C .411
(single % \(with no accompan)-2.5 F .411
(ying job speci\214cation\) also refers to the cur)-.15 F(-)-.2 E
-(rent job)108 168 Q(.)-.4 E .444
-(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 184.8 R
-(ground:)-.15 E F1(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for)
--.15 F F1 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C
+(rent job)108 292.8 Q(.)-.4 E .444
+(Simply naming a job can be used to bring it into the fore)108 309.6 R
+(ground:)-.15 E F2(%1)2.943 E F0 .443(is a synon)2.943 F .443(ym for)
+-.15 F F2 -.63(``)2.943 G .443(fg %1').63 F(')-.63 E F0 2.943(,b)C
(ringing)-2.943 E 1.472(job 1 from the background into the fore)108
-196.8 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F1 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473
+321.6 R 3.972(ground. Similarly)-.15 F(,)-.65 E F2 -.63(``)3.973 G 1.473
(%1 &').63 F(')-.63 E F0 1.473(resumes job 1 in the background,)3.973 F
-(equi)108 208.8 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
-.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 225.6
+(equi)108 333.6 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2 -.63(``)2.5 G(bg %1')
+.63 E(')-.63 E F0(.)A .131(The shell learns immediately whene)108 350.4
R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.631(raj).15 G .131(ob changes state.)-2.631 F
-(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13
+(Normally)5.131 E(,)-.65 E F2(bash)2.631 E F0 -.1(wa)2.63 G .13
(its until it is about to print a).1 F .157
-(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 237.6 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G
+(prompt before reporting changes in a job')108 362.4 R 2.657(ss)-.55 G
.157(tatus so as to not interrupt an)-2.657 F 2.658(yo)-.15 G .158
-(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F
1<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158
-(option to)2.658 F(the)108 249.6 Q F1(set)3.952 E F0 -.2(bu)3.952 G
-1.452(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F1(bash)3.952 E F0 1.451
+(ther output.)-2.658 F .158(If the)5.158 F F
2<ad62>2.658 E F0 .158
+(option to)2.658 F(the)108 374.4 Q F2(set)3.952 E F0 -.2(bu)3.952 G
+1.452(iltin command is enabled,).2 F F2(bash)3.952 E F0 1.451
(reports such changes immediately)3.952 F 6.451(.A)-.65 G 1.751 -.15
(ny t)-6.451 H 1.451(rap on).15 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SIGCHLD)3.951 E
-F0(is)3.701 E -.15(exe)108 261.6 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E
-(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 278.4 R(xit)-.15 E F1(bash)
+F0(is)3.701 E -.15(exe)108 386.4 S(cuted for each child that e).15 E
+(xits.)-.15 E .032(If an attempt to e)108 403.2 R(xit)-.15 E F2(bash)
2.532 E F0 .032(is made while jobs are stopped \(or)2.532 F 2.533(,i)-.4
-G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F1(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033
-(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 290.4 R F1
+G 2.533(ft)-2.533 G(he)-2.533 E F2(checkjobs)2.533 E F0 .033
+(shell option has been enabled)2.533 F 2.02(using the)108 415.2 R F2
(shopt)4.52 E F0 -.2(bu)4.52 G 2.02
(iltin, running\), the shell prints a w).2 F 2.019
-(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F1(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019
+(arning message, and, if the)-.1 F F2(checkjobs)4.519 E F0 2.019
(option is)4.519 F .458(enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.)108
-302.4 R(The)5.458 E F1(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459
+427.2 R(The)5.458 E F2(jobs)2.958 E F0 .459
(command may then be used to inspect their status.)2.958 F .459(If a)
-5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 314.4 R .604
+5.459 F .604(second attempt to e)108 439.2 R .604
(xit is made without an interv)-.15 F .604
(ening command, the shell does not print another w)-.15 F(arning,)-.1 E
-(and an)108 326.4 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4
-10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 343.2 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108
-355.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15
-E(,)-.65 E F1(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F
-F3(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.826
-(and the secondary prompt)108 367.2 R F3(PS2)4.326 E F0 1.825
-(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.076 F F1(Bash)6.825 E
+(and an)108 451.2 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(topped jobs are terminated.)-2.5 E/F4
+10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)72 468 Q(OMPTING)-.329 E F0 .644(When e)108 480
+R -.15(xe)-.15 G .644(cuting interacti).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E(,)
+-.65 E F2(bash)3.144 E F0 .645(displays the primary prompt)3.145 F F3
+(PS1)3.145 E F0 .645(when it is ready to read a command,)2.895 F 1.826
+(and the secondary prompt)108 492 R F3(PS2)4.326 E F0 1.825
+(when it needs more input to complete a command.)4.076 F F2(Bash)6.825 E
F0(allo)4.325 E 1.825(ws these)-.25 F 1.499(prompt strings to be custom\
ized by inserting a number of backslash-escaped special characters that\
- are)108 379.2 R(decoded as follo)108 391.2 Q(ws:)-.25 E F1(\\a)144
-403.2 Q F0(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F1(\\d)144 415.2 Q F0
+ are)108 504 R(decoded as follo)108 516 Q(ws:)-.25 E F2(\\a)144 528 Q F0
+(an ASCII bell character \(07\))28.22 E F2(\\d)144 540 Q F0
(the date in "W)27.66 E(eekday Month Date" format \(e.g., "T)-.8 E
-(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F1(\\D{)144 427.2 Q F2(format)A F1(})A F0(the)180
-439.2 Q F2(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F2(strftime)
-3.927 E F0 1.427
-(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B(empty)180
-451.2 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0
+(ue May 26"\))-.45 E F2(\\D{)144 552 Q F1(format)A F2(})A F0(the)180 564
+Q F1(format)3.927 E F0 1.427(is passed to)3.927 F F1(strftime)3.927 E F0
+1.427(\(3\) and the result is inserted into the prompt string; an)B
+(empty)180 576 Q F1(format)2.5 E F0
(results in a locale-speci\214c time representation.)2.5 E
-(The braces are required)5 E F1(\\e)144 463.2 Q F0
-(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F1(\\h)144 475.2 Q F0
-(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F1(\\H)144 487.2 Q F0
-(the hostname)25.44 E F1(\\j)144 499.2 Q F0
-(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E F1(\\l)144
-511.2 Q F0(the basename of the shell')30.44 E 2.5(st)-.55 G(erminal de)
--2.5 E(vice name)-.25 E F1(\\n)144 523.2 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1
-(\\r)144 535.2 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\s)144 547.2 Q F0
-(the name of the shell, the basename of)29.33 E F1($0)2.5 E F0
-(\(the portion follo)2.5 E(wing the \214nal slash\))-.25 E F1(\\t)144
-559.2 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM:SS format)29.89 E F1(\\T)
-144 571.2 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour HH:MM:SS format)26.55 E F1
-(\\@)144 583.2 Q F0(the current time in 12-hour am/pm format)23.92 E F1
-(\\A)144 595.2 Q F0(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1
-(\\u)144 607.2 Q F0(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144
-619.2 Q F0(the v)28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
-(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)144 631.2 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)
-2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G
-(e.g., 2.00.0\))-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 643.2 Q F0 .115(the current w)26 F
-.115(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E F3($HOME)2.615
-E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)-.25 F .116
-(alue of the)-.25 F F3(PR)180 655.2 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36 E F0
--.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 667.2 Q F0
-(the basename of the current w)23.22 E(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)
--.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F3($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)
--.25 E F1(\\!)144 679.2 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E
-F1(\\#)144 691.2 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)
-144 703.2 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H
-(ID is 0, a).15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E
-(\\)144 715.2 Q F2(nnn)A F0
-(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
-(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 April 17)145.955 E(33)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
+(The braces are required)5 E F2(\\e)144 588 Q F0
+(an ASCII escape character \(033\))28.78 E F2(\\h)144 600 Q F0
+(the hostname up to the \214rst `.)27.66 E(')-.7 E F2(\\H)144 612 Q F0
+(the hostname)25.44 E F2(\\j)144 624 Q F0
+(the number of jobs currently managed by the shell)29.89 E F2(\\l)144
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%%Page: 34 34
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\\\)144 84 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)
--2.5 E F1(\\[)144 96 Q F0(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printi\
-ng characters, which could be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F
-(control sequence into the prompt)180 108 Q F1(\\])144 120 Q F0
-(end a sequence of non-printing characters)29.89 E .119
-(The command number and the history number are usually dif)108 136.8 R
-.12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F 1.585(positio\
-n in the history list, which may include commands restored from the his\
-tory \214le \(see)108 148.8 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162
-E(Y)-.315 E F0(belo)108 160.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is t\
-he position in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541
-(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 172.8 R
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\A)144 84 Q F0
+(the current time in 24-hour HH:MM format)26 E F1(\\u)144 96 Q F0
+(the username of the current user)27.66 E F1(\\v)144 108 Q F0(the v)
+28.22 E(ersion of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(\(e.g., 2.00\))2.5 E F1(\\V)
+144 120 Q F0(the release of)26 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0 2.5(,v)C
+(ersion + patch le)-2.65 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(l\().15 G(e.g., 2.00.0\))
+-2.5 E F1(\\w)144 132 Q F0 .115(the current w)26 F .115
+(orking directory)-.1 F 2.615(,w)-.65 G(ith)-2.615 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF($HOME)2.615 E F0(abbre)2.365 E .116(viated with a tilde \(uses the v)
+-.25 F .116(alue of the)-.25 F F2(PR)180 144 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.27 E(TRIM)-.36
+E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable\)).25 E F1(\\W)144 156 Q F0
+(the basename of the current w)23.22 E(orking directory)-.1 E 2.5(,w)
+-.65 G(ith)-2.5 E F2($HOME)2.5 E F0(abbre)2.25 E(viated with a tilde)
+-.25 E F1(\\!)144 168 Q F0(the history number of this command)29.89 E F1
+(\\#)144 180 Q F0(the command number of this command)28.22 E F1(\\$)144
+192 Q F0(if the ef)28.22 E(fecti)-.25 E .3 -.15(ve U)-.25 H(ID is 0, a)
+.15 E F1(#)2.5 E F0 2.5(,o)C(therwise a)-2.5 E F1($)2.5 E(\\)144 204 Q
+/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0
+(the character corresponding to the octal number)18.22 E F3(nnn)2.5 E F1
+(\\\\)144 216 Q F0 2.5(ab)30.44 G(ackslash)-2.5 E F1(\\[)144 228 Q F0
+(be)29.89 E 1.257(gin a sequence of non-printing characters, which coul\
+d be used to embed a terminal)-.15 F(control sequence into the prompt)
+180 240 Q F1(\\])144 252 Q F0(end a sequence of non-printing characters)
+29.89 E .119(The command number and the history number are usually dif)
+108 268.8 R .12(ferent: the history number of a command is its)-.25 F
+1.585(position in the history list, which may include commands restored\
+ from the history \214le \(see)108 280.8 R F2(HIST)4.084 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)
+-.315 E F0(belo)108 292.8 Q .541(w\), while the command number is the p\
+osition in the sequence of commands e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .541
+(cuted during the cur).15 F(-)-.2 E .546(rent shell session.)108 304.8 R
.546(After the string is decoded, it is e)5.546 F .546
(xpanded via parameter e)-.15 F .546(xpansion, command substitu-)-.15 F
-.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 184.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
+.351(tion, arithmetic e)108 316.8 R .352(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
-.25(va)-.15 G .352(l, subject to the v).25 F .352(alue of the)-.25 F F1
(pr)2.852 E(omptv)-.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 .352(shell option \(see the)2.852
-F(description of the)108 196.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
+F(description of the)108 328.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0(command under)2.5 E
F2(SHELL B)2.5 E(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)
--.25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 213.6 Q F0 .151
+-.25 E/F4 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)72 345.6 Q F0 .151
(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
-108 225.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1
-(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 237.6 R -.15
+108 357.6 R .45 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .15(hell, unless the).15 F F1
+(\255\255noediting)2.65 E F0(option)2.65 E 1.208(is gi)108 369.6 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.708(na).15 G 3.708(ts)-3.708 G 1.208(hell in)-3.708 F -.2
(vo)-.4 G 3.708(cation. Line).2 F 1.208
(editing is also used when using the)3.708 F F1<ad65>3.709 E F0 1.209
(option to the)3.709 F F1 -.18(re)3.709 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.709 G
-3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 249.6 Q .95
+3.709(iltin. By).2 F(def)108 381.6 Q .95
(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.)-.1 F
3.449(Av)5.949 G .949(i-style line editing interf)-3.449 F .949
-(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 261.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
+(ace is also)-.1 F -.2(av)108 393.6 S 3.35(ailable. Line)-.05 F .85
(editing can be enabled at an)3.35 F 3.35(yt)-.15 G .85(ime using the)
-3.35 F F1 .85(\255o emacs)3.35 F F0(or)3.35 E F1 .85(\255o vi)3.35 F F0
.85(options to the)3.35 F F1(set)3.35 E F0 -.2(bu)3.35 G(iltin).2 E
-(\(see)108 273.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS)
+(\(see)108 405.6 Q F2 .763(SHELL B)3.263 F(UIL)-.09 E .763(TIN COMMANDS)
-.828 F F0(belo)3.013 E 3.263(w\). T)-.25 F 3.263(ot)-.8 G .763(urn of)
-3.263 F 3.263(fl)-.25 G .763
(ine editing after the shell is running, use the)-3.263 F F1(+o)3.262 E
-(emacs)108 285.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
-(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 302.4 Q
+(emacs)108 417.6 Q F0(or)2.5 E F1(+o vi)2.5 E F0(options to the)2.5 E F1
+(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(Readline Notation)87 434.4 Q
F0 .567(In this section, the emacs-style notation is used to denote k)
-108 314.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.068(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
-3.068 G .568(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.1
-(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A 1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 326.4 R
-(Similarly)6.153 E(,)-.65 E F4(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153
-(ys are denoted by M\255)-.05 F F4 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652
-(oM)-3.652 G 1.152(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)
-108 338.4 S .83(yboards without a)-.05 F F4(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G
-2.13 -.65(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F4(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F4(x)3.33
-E F0 3.33(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1
-H .831(hen the).15 F F4(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05
-H .831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 350.4 R F4 .6(meta pr)3.1 F
-(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F4(x)A F0
-.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F4(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)
+108 446.4 R -.15(ey)-.1 G(strok).15 E 3.068(es. Control)-.1 F -.1(ke)
+3.068 G .568(ys are denoted by C\255)-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0(,)A
+1.153(e.g., C\255n means Control\255N.)108 458.4 R(Similarly)6.153 E(,)
+-.65 E F3(meta)4.033 E F0 -.1(ke)3.913 G 1.153(ys are denoted by M\255)
+-.05 F F3 -.1(ke)C(y)-.2 E F0 3.652(,s)C 3.652(oM)-3.652 G 1.152
+(\255x means Meta\255X.)-3.652 F(\(On)6.152 E -.1(ke)108 470.4 S .83
+(yboards without a)-.05 F F3(meta)3.71 E F0 -.1(ke)3.59 G 2.13 -.65
+(y, M)-.05 H<ad>.65 E F3(x)A F0 .83(means ESC)3.33 F F3(x)3.33 E F0 3.33
+(,i)C .831(.e., press the Escape k)-3.33 F 1.131 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .831
+(hen the).15 F F3(x)4.101 E F0 -.1(ke)3.861 G 4.631 -.65(y. T)-.05 H
+.831(his mak).65 F(es)-.1 E .6(ESC the)108 482.4 R F3 .6(meta pr)3.1 F
+(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.6(.T)C .6(he combination M\255C\255)-5.6 F F3(x)A F0
+.599(means ESC\255Control\255)3.099 F F3(x)A F0 3.099(,o)C 3.099(rp)
-3.099 G .599(ress the Escape k)-3.099 F .899 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .599
-(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 362.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
-(hile pressing the).15 E F4(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\))
-.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 379.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119
-(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F4(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G
+(hen hold).15 F(the Control k)108 494.4 Q .3 -.15(ey w)-.1 H
+(hile pressing the).15 E F3(x)3.27 E F0 -.1(ke)3.03 G -.65(y.)-.05 G(\))
+.65 E .619(Readline commands may be gi)108 511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.119
+(nn).15 G(umeric)-3.119 E F3(ar)3.119 E(guments)-.37 E F0 3.119(,w).27 G
.619(hich normally act as a repeat count.)-3.119 F(Sometimes,)5.62 E(ho)
-108 391.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G
+108 523.2 Q(we)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.419 -.4(r, i).15 H 3.119(ti).4 G
3.119(st)-3.119 G .619(he sign of the ar)-3.119 F .619
(gument that is signi\214cant.)-.18 F -.15(Pa)5.619 G .619(ssing a ne)
.15 F -.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .919 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G .619
-(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 403.2 R 1.018
+(ument to a command that).18 F 1.018(acts in the forw)108 535.2 R 1.018
(ard direction \(e.g.,)-.1 F F1(kill\255line)3.518 E F0 3.518(\)c)C
1.018(auses that command to act in a backw)-3.518 F 1.019
-(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 415.2 Q
+(ard direction.)-.1 F(Com-)6.019 E(mands whose beha)108 547.2 Q
(vior with ar)-.2 E(guments de)-.18 E(viates from this are noted belo)
--.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 432 R F4
+-.25 E -.65(w.)-.25 G .812(When a command is described as)108 564 R F3
(killing)3.311 E F0(te)3.311 E .811(xt, the te)-.15 F .811
(xt deleted is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.311(df).15 G .811
-(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F4
-(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 444 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F
-.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F4
+(or possible future retrie)-3.311 F -.25(va)-.25 G 3.311(l\().25 G F3
+(yank-)-3.311 E(ing)108 576 Q F0 2.529(\). The)B .029(killed te)2.529 F
+.029(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.529(di).15 G 2.529(na)-2.529 G F3
.029(kill ring)B F0 5.029(.C)C(onsecuti)-5.029 E .329 -.15(ve k)-.25 H
.029(ills cause the te).15 F .029(xt to be accumulated into one unit,)
--.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 456 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567
+-.15 F .567(which can be yank)108 588 R .567(ed all at once.)-.1 F .567
(Commands which do not kill te)5.567 F .567
(xt separate the chunks of te)-.15 F .567(xt on the kill)-.15 F(ring.)
-108 468 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 484.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\
-tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 496.8
-R F4(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092
-(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 508.8 R .196(en from the v)
+108 600 Q F1(Readline Initialization)87 616.8 Q F0 .091(Readline is cus\
+tomized by putting commands in an initialization \214le \(the)108 628.8
+R F3(inputr)2.591 E(c)-.37 E F0 2.591(\214le\). The)2.591 F .092
+(name of this \214le)2.591 F .197(is tak)108 640.8 R .196(en from the v)
-.1 F .196(alue of the)-.25 F F2(INPUTRC)2.696 E F0 -.25(va)2.446 G
2.696(riable. If).25 F .196(that v)2.696 F .196
-(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F4(~/.inputr)2.696
+(ariable is unset, the def)-.25 F .196(ault is)-.1 F F3(~/.inputr)2.696
E(c)-.37 E F0 5.196(.W).31 G .196(hen a)-5.196 F 1.034(program which us\
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-nd the k)108 520.8 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25
-(va)108 532.8 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe)
+nd the k)108 652.8 R 1.335 -.15(ey b)-.1 H 1.035(indings and).15 F -.25
+(va)108 664.8 S 1.15(riables are set.).25 F 1.15(There are only a fe)
6.15 F 3.649(wb)-.25 G 1.149(asic constructs allo)-3.649 F 1.149
(wed in the readline initialization \214le.)-.25 F(Blank)6.149 E .736
-(lines are ignored.)108 544.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737
+(lines are ignored.)108 676.8 R .737(Lines be)5.737 F .737
(ginning with a)-.15 F F1(#)3.237 E F0 .737(are comments.)3.237 F .737
(Lines be)5.737 F .737(ginning with a)-.15 F F1($)3.237 E F0 .737
-(indicate conditional)3.237 F 2.5(constructs. Other)108 556.8 R
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(lines denote k)2.5 E .3 -.15(ey b)-.1 H(indings and v).15 E
-(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 573.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F
--.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F4(inputr)
+(ariable settings.)-.25 E .987(The def)108 705.6 R .987(ault k)-.1 F
+-.15(ey)-.1 G .987(-bindings may be changed with an).15 F F3(inputr)
3.497 E(c)-.37 E F0 3.487(\214le. Other)3.797 F .987
-(programs that use this library may)3.487 F(add their o)108 585.6 Q
-(wn commands and bindings.)-.25 E -.15(Fo)108 602.4 S 2.5(re).15 G
-(xample, placing)-2.65 E(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 619.2 Q -.15(ve)-.25
-G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(or)108 631.2 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144
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-(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute the readline command).15 E F4
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--.4(RU)3.761 G(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F4(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F4(ESC)
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--.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 712.8 Q F4(macr)2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A
-(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 April 17)145.955 E(34)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
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%%Page: 35 35
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-.366(The syntax for controlling k)108 96 R .666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366
-(indings in the).15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37 E F0
-.366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366
+-.35 E -.15(Fo)108 84 S 2.5(re).15 G(xample, placing)-2.65 E
+(M\255Control\255u: uni)144 100.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E
+(gument)-.18 E(or)108 112.8 Q(C\255Meta\255u: uni)144 124.8 Q -.15(ve)
+-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(into the)108 136.8 Q/F1 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)2.51 E(c)-.37 E F0 -.1(wo)2.81 G(uld mak).1 E
+2.5(eM)-.1 G(\255C\255u e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cute the readline command).15 E F1(univer)2.5 E(sal\255ar)-.1 E(gument)
+-.37 E F0(.).68 E 1.26(The follo)108 153.6 R 1.261
+(wing symbolic character names are recognized:)-.25 F F1 -.4(RU)3.761 G
+(BOUT).4 E F0(,)1.27 E F1(DEL)3.761 E F0(,).53 E F1(ESC)3.761 E F0(,).72
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+F0(,)1.27 E F1(RETURN)108 165.6 Q F0(,)1.1 E F1(SPC)2.5 E F0(,).72 E F1
+(SP)2.5 E -.3(AC)-.9 G(E).3 E F0 2.5(,a).73 G(nd)-2.5 E F1 -.5(TA)2.5 G
+(B).5 E F0(.).27 E .209(In addition to command names, readline allo)108
+182.4 R .209(ws k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.709(st).15 G 2.709(ob)-2.709 G
+2.709(eb)-2.709 G .209(ound to a string that is inserted when the k)
+-2.709 F .509 -.15(ey i)-.1 H(s).15 E(pressed \(a)108 194.4 Q F1(macr)
+2.5 E(o)-.45 E F0(\).)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Readline K)87 211.2 Q
+(ey Bindings)-.25 E F0 .366(The syntax for controlling k)108 223.2 R
+.666 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .366(indings in the).15 F F1(inputr)2.876 E(c)-.37
+E F0 .366(\214le is simple.)3.176 F .366
(All that is required is the name of the)5.366 F .383(command or the te)
-108 108 R .383(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383
+108 235.2 R .383(xt of a macro and a k)-.15 F .683 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .383
(equence to which it should be bound. The name may be speci-).15 F .853
-(\214ed in one of tw)108 120 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853(ays: as a symbolic k)
--3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853(ame, possibly with).15 F F2
-(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F2(Contr)3.353 E(ol\255)-.45 E F0
-(pre\214x)3.353 E .853(es, or as a k)-.15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108
-132 Q 1.542(When using the form)108 148.8 R F1 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E
-F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042 E F2(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E
-F0(,)A F2 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542(is the name of a k)4.222 F
-1.841 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.541(pelled out in).15 F 2.5(English. F)108 160.8
-R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E(Control-u: uni)144 184.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 196.8 Q
-(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E(Control-o: "> output")144 208.8 Q .698
-(In the abo)108 225.6 R .998 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F2(C\255u)
-3.038 E F0 .698(is bound to the function)3.448 F F1(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)
--.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F2(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698
-(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 237.6 Q F1
-(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F2
+(\214ed in one of tw)108 247.2 R 3.353(ow)-.1 G .853
+(ays: as a symbolic k)-3.453 F 1.153 -.15(ey n)-.1 H .853
+(ame, possibly with).15 F F1(Meta\255)3.353 E F0(or)3.353 E F1(Contr)
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+(ey)-.1 G(sequence.)108 259.2 Q 1.542(When using the form)108 276 R F2
+-.1(ke)4.042 G(yname).1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)4.042
+E F1(macr)4.042 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)4.042 G(yname)-.2 E F0 1.542
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+.15 F 2.5(English. F)108 288 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E
+(Control-u: uni)144 312 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E
+(Meta-Rubout: backw)144 324 Q(ard-kill-w)-.1 E(ord)-.1 E
+(Control-o: "> output")144 336 Q .698(In the abo)108 352.8 R .998 -.15
+(ve ex)-.15 H(ample,).15 E F1(C\255u)3.038 E F0 .698
+(is bound to the function)3.448 F F2(uni)3.198 E -.1(ve)-.1 G
+(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(,)A F1(M\255DEL)3.878 E F0 .698
+(is bound to the func-)3.728 F(tion)108 364.8 Q F2
+(backward\255kill\255w)2.759 E(ord)-.1 E F0 2.759(,a)C(nd)-2.759 E F1
(C\255o)2.599 E F0 .258(is bound to run the macro e)2.939 F .258
(xpressed on the right hand side \(that is, to)-.15 F(insert the te)108
-249.6 Q(xt)-.15 E/F3 10/Courier@0 SF 6(>o)2.5 G(utput)-6 E F0
-(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 266.4 R F1("k)2.555
-E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F2(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F2(macr)
-2.555 E(o)-.45 E F0(,)A F1 -.1(ke)2.555 G(yseq).1 E F0(dif)2.556 E .056
-(fers from)-.25 F F1 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15
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+(into the line\).)2.5 E .055(In the second form,)108 393.6 R F2("k)2.555
+E(eyseq")-.1 E F0(:)A F1(function\255name).833 E F0(or)2.555 E F1(macr)
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+(fers from)-.25 F F2 -.1(ke)2.556 G(yname).1 E F0(abo)2.556 E .356 -.15
(ve i)-.15 H 2.556(nt).15 G .056(hat strings)-2.556 F 1.284
-(denoting an entire k)108 278.4 R 1.584 -.15(ey s)-.1 H 1.284(equence m\
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ay be speci\214ed by placing the sequence within double quotes.).15 F
-(Some)6.284 E .385(GNU Emacs style k)108 290.4 R .685 -.15(ey e)-.1 H
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.385(scapes can be used, as in the follo).15 F .385(wing e)-.25 F .386
(xample, b)-.15 F .386(ut the symbolic character names)-.2 F
-(are not recognized.)108 302.4 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 326.4 Q -.15(ve)
+(are not recognized.)108 429.6 Q("\\C\255u": uni)144 453.6 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G(rsal\255ar).15 E(gument)-.18 E
-("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 338.4 Q
-("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 350.4 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315
-(In this e)108 367.2 R(xample,)-.15 E F2(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag)
-3.065 F .315(ain bound to the function)-.05 F F1(uni)2.815 E -.1(ve)-.1
-G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F2 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0
-.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 379.2 Q F1 -.18(re)2.5 G
-<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2
+("\\C\255x\\C\255r": re\255read\255init\255\214le)144 465.6 Q
+("\\e[11~": "Function K)144 477.6 Q .3 -.15(ey 1)-.25 H(").15 E .315
+(In this e)108 494.4 R(xample,)-.15 E F1(C\255u)2.655 E F0 .315(is ag)
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+G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(.)A F1 .315(C\255x C\255r)5.155 F F0
+.314(is bound to the func-)3.544 F(tion)108 506.4 Q F2 -.18(re)2.5 G
+<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le)-.18 E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1
(ESC [ 1 1 ~)3.01 E F0(is bound to insert the te)3.94 E(xt)-.15 E F3
(Function Key 1)2.5 E F0(.)A
-(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 396 Q F1
-<5c43ad>144 408 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F1<5c4dad>144 420 Q F0
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-27.67 E F1<5c08>144 468 Q F0(literal \010)30.44 E(In addition to the GN\
-U Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash escapes is a)
-108 484.8 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(\\a)144 496.8 Q F0
-(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 508.8 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\d)
-144 520.8 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F1(\\f)144 532.8 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F1
-(\\n)144 544.8 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 556.8 Q F0
-(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 568.8 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1
-(\\v)144 580.8 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 592.8 Q
-F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)
--.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)
-144 604.8 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E
-(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0
-(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141
-(When entering the te)108 621.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\
- quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09
-(Unquoted te)108 633.6 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F
-.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089
-(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108
-645.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G
-(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E
-F1(Bash)108 662.4 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25
-F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429
+(The full set of GNU Emacs style escape sequences is)108 523.2 Q F2
+<5c43ad>144 535.2 Q F0(control pre\214x)20.3 E F2<5c4dad>144 547.2 Q F0
+(meta pre\214x)18.08 E F2(\\e)144 559.2 Q F0(an escape character)28.78 E
+F2(\\\\)144 571.2 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F2(\\")144 583.2 Q F0
+(literal ")27.67 E F2<5c08>144 595.2 Q F0(literal \010)30.44 E(In addit\
+ion to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second set of backslash \
+escapes is a)108 612 Q -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(\\a)144 624 Q F0
+(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F2(\\b)144 636 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F2(\\d)144
+648 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F2(\\f)144 660 Q F0(form feed)29.89 E F2(\\n)144
+672 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F2(\\r)144 684 Q F0(carriage return)
+28.78 E F2(\\t)144 696 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F2(\\v)144 708 Q F0
+-.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(\\)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A
+F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E
+(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 96
+Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25
+E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5
+(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141(When entering the te)
+108 112.8 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double quotes must be used t\
+o indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09(Unquoted te)108 124.8 R .09
+(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F .089(In the macro body)
+5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108 136.8 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F
+(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E
+(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E F1(Bash)108 153.6 Q F0(allo)2.929 E
+.429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F .729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429
(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0
-.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046
-(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 674.4 R .346 -.15
+(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 165.6 R .346 -.15
(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045
(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045
-(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 686.4 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
+(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 177.6 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
-(Readline V)87 703.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 715.2
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R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043
-(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 727.2 Q(c)-.37 E
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(set)144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 218.4 Q(c)-.37 E
+F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 235.2 Q F2
(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108
-100.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F
-(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79
-(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)
-5.79 E .448(nized v)108 112.8 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F
-.448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448
-(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)
--.25 F(ti)108 124.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(\), and "1" are equi).15 F
--.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468
-(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468
-(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467(he v)-5.468 F .467
-(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 136.8 S(lues are:)
-.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 153.6 Q F0 .01
-(Controls what happens when readline w)144 165.6 R .011
+252 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F(alues)
+-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79(\(without re)3.29
+F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)5.79 E .448(nized v)
+108 264 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F .448(When a v)5.448 F
+.448(ariable v)-.25 F .448(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449
+(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)-.25 F(ti)108 276 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468
+(\), and "1" are equi).15 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)
+2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25
+F -.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467
+(he v)-5.468 F .467(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108
+288 S(lues are:).25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 304.8 Q F0 .01
+(Controls what happens when readline w)144 316.8 R .011
(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none)
2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E
-.94(rings the bell.)144 177.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E
+.94(rings the bell.)144 328.8 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E
F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25
(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0
-(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 189.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G
-(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 201.6 Q F0
-.055(If set to)144 213.6 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\
+(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 340.8 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G
+(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 352.8 Q F0
+.055(If set to)144 364.8 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\
empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F
-(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 225.6 Q -.15
+(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 376.8 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)
--.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 237.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))
--.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 249.6 R
+-.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 388.8 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))
+-.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 400.8 R
F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 261.6 Q F1
+3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 412.8 Q F1
(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0
-(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 273.6 Q
-(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 285.6 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5
+(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 424.8 Q
+(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 436.8 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5
(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\
insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr)
-108 297.6 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\
+108 448.8 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\
in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions\
- that is displayed)144 309.6 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 321.6 R
+ that is displayed)144 460.8 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 472.8 R
1.275(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274
(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.274
-(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 333.6 S(lue are replaced with a\
+(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 484.8 S(lue are replaced with a\
n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1
-(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 345.6 Q F0 .529
-(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 357.6 R .53
+(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 496.8 Q F0 .529
+(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 508.8 R .53
(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the)
-144 369.6 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)
+144 520.8 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)
3.061 F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56
(ger v)-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144
-381.6 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\
-qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 393.6 S .237
+532.8 R .783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or e\
+qual to the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 544.8 S .237
(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)
-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G
-.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 405.6 Q F1(con)108
-417.6 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 429.6
+.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 556.8 Q F1(con)108
+568.8 Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 580.8
R F1(On)3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4
G .613(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913
-.15(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541
(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
-144 441.6 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041
-F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 453.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))
-108 465.6 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 477.6 R F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C
+144 592.8 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F F2 .541(meta pr)3.041
+F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 604.8 Q F0(\).)A F1(disable\255completion \(Off\))
+108 616.8 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 628.8 R F1(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C
.038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038(ord completion.)-.1 F .038
(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the)
-144 489.6 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 501.6 Q F0 .253
-(Controls whether readline be)144 513.6 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15
+144 640.8 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 652.8 Q F0 .253
+(Controls whether readline be)144 664.8 R .253(gins with a set of k)-.15
F .553 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .253(indings similar to).15 F F2(emacs)2.752 E F0
(or)2.752 E F2(vi)2.752 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.252 E F0
-(can be set to either)144 525.6 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 537.6 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0
-1.21(When set to)144 549.6 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G
+(can be set to either)144 676.8 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 688.8 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0
+1.21(When set to)144 700.8 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G
1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211
(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F
-(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 561.6 Q -.15(ey)-.1
-G(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 573.6 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893
-(When set to)144 585.6 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
+(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 712.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1
+G(board.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(36)197.335 E
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(enable\255k)108 84 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0
+.893(When set to)144 96 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F
-(tems need this to enable the arro)144 597.6 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)
--2.6 G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 609.6 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0
-.64(When set to)144 621.6 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
+(tems need this to enable the arro)144 108 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
+G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 120 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
+(When set to)144 132 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
(eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64
(eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64
-(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 633.6 Q
+(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 144 Q
(On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H
2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1
-(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 645.6 Q F0(If set to)144 657.6 Q F1(on)2.5
-E F0 2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E
-(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)-.15 E(ord completion.)
--.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 669.6 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1(ve)-.1 G
-(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.493(If set to)144 681.6 R F1(on)3.993 E F0
-3.993(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at the same lo\
-cation on each history line)-3.993 F(retrie)144 693.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G(ious-history).15 E F0
-(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history\255size \(0\))108
-705.6 Q F0 .462(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 717.6 R
--.15(ve)-.2 G 2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)
--2.963 F .463(If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F
-(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 729.6 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(horizontal\255scr)108 84 Q
-(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449(When set to)144 96 R F1(On)2.949 E
-F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448
+(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 156 Q F0(If set to)144 168 Q F1(on)2.5 E F0
+2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)
+-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 180 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
+(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.493(If set to)144 192 R F1(on)
+3.993 E F0 3.993(,t)C 1.493(he history code attempts to place point at \
+the same location on each history line)-3.993 F(retrie)144 204 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G
+(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+(history\255size \(0\))108 216 Q F0 .462
+(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 228 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
+2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 F .463
+(If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F
+(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 240 Q F1
+(horizontal\255scr)108 252 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449
+(When set to)144 264 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448
(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448
(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\
when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\
- ne)144 108 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 120 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 132
-Q F0 .228(If set to)144 144 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \
+ ne)144 276 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 288 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 300
+Q F0 .228(If set to)144 312 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \
will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\
-rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 156 R -.05
+rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 324 R -.05
(ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F
.957(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.457 E F0 .957(is a)3.457 F
-(synon)144 168 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 180 Q
+(synon)144 336 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 348 Q
(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\
The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\
-thout subsequently e)144 192 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934
-(ing the character as a command.)144 204 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935
+thout subsequently e)144 360 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .934
+(ing the character as a command.)144 372 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935
(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.435(nav).15 G .935
(alue, the characters)-3.685 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ESC)3.435 E F0
-(and)144 216 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)
-2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 228 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021
-(Set the current readline k)144 240 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F
+(and)144 384 Q F2(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)
+2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)108 396 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.021
+(Set the current readline k)144 408 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F
2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021
(map names is).15 F F2 2.02(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.52 F(d,)-.37 E
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319.2 Q F1<ad>2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(his allo)-5 E(ws)-.25 E F2(sun)2.84 E F0
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(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E
-F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 448.8 Q
-(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 460.8 Q
+F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 592.8 Q
+(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 604.8 Q
(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642
-(Add this digit to the ar)144 472.8 R .641
+(Add this digit to the ar)144 616.8 R .641
(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18
(rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-)
--.15 E(ati)144 484.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
-(uni)108 496.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778
-(This is another w)144 508.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
+-.15 E(ati)144 628.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
+(uni)108 640.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778
+(This is another w)144 652.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779
(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
-520.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
-532.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
+664.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
+676.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17
(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 544.8 R .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 688.8 R .898
(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898
(wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243
-(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 556.8 R .243
+(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 700.8 R .243
(gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 568.8 Q .378
+-.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 712.8 Q .378
(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378
(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F
-.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 580.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)
--2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1
-(Completing)87 597.6 Q(complete \(T)108 609.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
-(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 621.6 R 1.137
-(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 633.6 Q .533(xt as a v)
--.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
--.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F
-.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 645.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
-(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702
-(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
-(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 657.6 Q F1
-(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 669.6 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 681.6 Q(xt before point.)
--.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 693.6 Q F0 .783
-(Insert all completions of the te)144 705.6 R .783
-(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
-.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144
-717.6 Q F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 April 17)145.955 E(42)195.945
-E 0 Cg EP
+.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 724.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)
+-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E
+(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(42)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(menu\255complete)108 84 Q F0 .928
-(Similar to)144 96 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929
-(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Completing)87 84 Q(complete \(T)108 96 Q
+(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 108 R
+1.137(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
+(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 120 Q .533(xt as a v)
+-.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
+-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F
+.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
+144 132 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
+(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702
+(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
+(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 144 Q F1
+(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 156 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q(xt before point.)-.15
+E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 180 Q F0 .783
+(Insert all completions of the te)144 192 R .783(xt before point that w)
+-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .783(een generated by)
+.15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144 204 Q F0(.)A F1
+(menu\255complete)108 216 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144 228 R F1(complete)
+3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628 F .929
(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F 1.194
-(possible completions.)144 108 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(possible completions.)144 240 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193
(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828
-(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 120 R .828
+(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 252 R .828
(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
-(\(subject to the setting of)144 132 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227
+(\(subject to the setting of)144 264 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0 3.227
(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F .727
(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227 E
F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73
-(positions forw)144 144 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
+(positions forw)144 276 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73
(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1
-E(through the list.)144 156 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5
+E(through the list.)144 288 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)5
E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E(ault.)
--.1 E F1(menu\255complete-)108 168 Q(w)10 I(k)-7.22 -10 M(c)-5.56 -10 M
-(rd)2.78 10 M F0 .82(Identical to)144 180 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E
+-.1 E F1(menu\255complete-)108 300 Q(w)10 I(k)-7.22 -10 M(c)-5.56 -10 M
+(rd)2.78 10 M F0 .82(Identical to)144 312 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E
F0 3.32(,b)C .82(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E
.82(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1
-(menu\255complete)144 192 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan)
+(menu\255complete)144 324 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan)
.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1
-(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 204 Q F0 .234
-(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 216 R .234
+(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 336 Q F0 .234
+(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 348 R .234
(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.735
-E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 228 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
+E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 360 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions)
2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144
-240 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 252 Q F0
-(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 264 Q(xt before point.)-.15
-E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 276 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 288 Q
+372 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 384 Q F0
+(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 396 Q(xt before point.)-.15
+E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 408 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 420 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255user)108 300 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 312 Q
+(complete\255user)108 432 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 444 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user)
-108 324 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 336 Q
+108 456 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 468 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108
-348 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 360 Q
+480 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 492 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(possible\255v)108 372 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 384 Q
+(possible\255v)108 504 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 516 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 396 Q F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 408 Q
+(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 528 Q F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 540 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 420 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 432 Q
+(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 552 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 564 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 444 Q F0 .58
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 456 R .581
+(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 576 Q F0 .58
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 588 R .581
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581
-(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 468 R
+(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 600 R
.715(xt ag)-.15 F .715(ainst aliases, reserv)-.05 F .715(ed w)-.15 F
.715(ords, shell functions, shell b)-.1 F .715(uiltins, and)-.2 F
-(\214nally e)144 480 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(\214nally e)144 612 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutable \214lenames, in that order).15 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 492 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 504 Q
+(possible\255command\255completions \(C\255x !\))108 624 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 636 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 E F1
-(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 516 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 528 R .425
+(dynamic\255complete\255history \(M\255T)108 648 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 .424
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 660 R .425
(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .425(xt ag)-.15 F .425
(ainst lines from the history list)-.05 F
-(for possible completion matches.)144 540 Q F1(dab)108 552 Q(br)-.1 E
+(for possible completion matches.)144 672 Q F1(dab)108 684 Q(br)-.1 E
-.15(ev)-.18 G(\255expand).15 E F0 .611
-(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 564 R .611
+(Attempt menu completion on the te)144 696 R .611
(xt before point, comparing the te)-.15 F .61(xt ag)-.15 F .61
(ainst lines from the his-)-.05 F
-(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 576 Q F1
-(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108 588 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lena\
-me completion and insert the list of possible completions enclosed with\
-in braces so)144 600 R(the list is a)144 612 Q -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 628.8 S(yboard Macr).25 E(os)-.18
-E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 640.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\))
-.833 E F0(Be)144 652.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
-(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 664.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
-(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 676.8 Q
-(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1
-(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 688.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
-E F0(Re-e)144 700.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1
-G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\
-ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 712.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E
-(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 April 17)145.955 E(43)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
+(tory list for possible completion matches.)144 708 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72
+768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(43)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Miscellaneous)87 84 Q -.18(re)108 96 S
-<ad72>.18 E(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776
-(Read in the contents of the)144 108 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255into\255braces \(M\255{\))108
+84 Q F0 .4(Perform \214lename completion and insert the list of possibl\
+e completions enclosed within braces so)144 96 R(the list is a)144 108 Q
+-.25(va)-.2 G(ilable to the shell \(see).25 E F1(Brace Expansion)2.5 E
+F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1 -.25(Ke)87 124.8 S(yboard Macr)
+.25 E(os)-.18 E(start\255kbd\255macr)108 136.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
+(C\255x \()-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Be)144 148.8 Q(gin sa)-.15 E
+(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
+(board macro.).15 E F1(end\255kbd\255macr)108 160.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G
+(C\255x \))-2.5 E(\)).833 E F0(Stop sa)144 172.8 Q
+(ving the characters typed into the current k)-.2 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
+(board macro and store the de\214nition.).15 E F1
+(call\255last\255kbd\255macr)108 184.8 Q 2.5(o\()-.18 G(C\255x e\))-2.5
+E F0(Re-e)144 196.8 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G 1(cute the last k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1
+G .999(board macro de\214ned, by making the characters in the macro app\
+ear as if).15 F(typed at the k)144 208.8 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G(board.).15 E F1
+(Miscellaneous)87 225.6 Q -.18(re)108 237.6 S<ad72>.18 E
+(ead\255init\255\214le \(C\255x C\255r\))-.18 E F0 1.776
+(Read in the contents of the)144 249.6 R/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
4.276 E(c)-.37 E F0 1.777(\214le, and incorporate an)4.276 F 4.277(yb)
-.15 G 1.777(indings or v)-4.277 F 1.777(ariable assignments)-.25 F
-(found there.)144 120 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 132 Q F0 3.249
-(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 144 R
+(found there.)144 261.6 Q F1(abort \(C\255g\))108 273.6 Q F0 3.249
+(Abort the current editing command and ring the terminal')144 285.6 R
5.748(sb)-.55 G 3.248(ell \(subject to the setting of)-5.748 F F1
-(bell\255style)144 156 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 168 Q(case\255v)
--.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)C(..\))-2.5
-E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 180 R F2(x)4.255 E F0 1.755
-(is lo)4.255 F 1.756
+(bell\255style)144 297.6 Q F0(\).)A F1(do\255upper)108 309.6 Q
+(case\255v)-.18 E(ersion \(M\255a, M\255b, M\255)-.1 E F2(x)A F1 2.5(,.)
+C(..\))-2.5 E F0 1.755(If the meta\214ed character)144 321.6 R F2(x)
+4.255 E F0 1.755(is lo)4.255 F 1.756
(wercase, run the command that is bound to the corresponding)-.25 F
-(uppercase character)144 192 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 204 Q
-(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 216 Q
+(uppercase character)144 333.6 Q(.)-.55 E F1(pr)108 345.6 Q
+(e\214x\255meta \(ESC\))-.18 E F0(Metafy the ne)144 357.6 Q
(xt character typed.)-.15 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ESC)5 E F1(f)2.25 E F0
(is equi)2.5 E -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(Meta\255f)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 228 Q F0
-(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 240 Q F1
--2.29 -.18(re v)108 252 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095
-(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 264 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095 F
-3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E
+(undo \(C\255_, C\255x C\255u\))108 369.6 Q F0
+(Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.)144 381.6 Q F1
+-2.29 -.18(re v)108 393.6 T(ert\255line \(M\255r\)).08 E F0 1.095
+(Undo all changes made to this line.)144 405.6 R 1.095(This is lik)6.095
+F 3.595(ee)-.1 G -.15(xe)-3.745 G 1.095(cuting the).15 F F1(undo)3.595 E
F0 1.095(command enough times to)3.595 F
-(return the line to its initial state.)144 276 Q F1
-(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 288 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 300 Q
+(return the line to its initial state.)144 417.6 Q F1
+(tilde\255expand \(M\255&\))108 429.6 Q F0(Perform tilde e)144 441.6 Q
(xpansion on the current w)-.15 E(ord.)-.1 E F1
-(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 312 Q F0
-(Set the mark to the point.)144 324 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
+(set\255mark \(C\255@, M\255<space>\))108 453.6 Q F0
+(Set the mark to the point.)144 465.6 Q(If a numeric ar)5 E
(gument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.)-.18 E F1
-(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 336 Q F0(Sw)144
-348 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
+(exchange\255point\255and\255mark \(C\255x C\255x\))108 477.6 Q F0(Sw)
+144 489.6 Q .282(ap the point with the mark.)-.1 F .283
(The current cursor position is set to the sa)5.283 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
2.783(dp).15 G .283(osition, and the old)-2.783 F(cursor position is sa)
-144 360 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
-(character\255sear)108 372 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144 384 S
-.536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(dt)
-.15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
+144 501.6 Q -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(da).15 G 2.5(st)-2.5 G(he mark.)-2.5 E F1
+(character\255sear)108 513.6 Q(ch \(C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.036(Ac)144
+525.6 S .536(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.036 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
+3.035(dt).15 G 3.035(ot)-3.035 G .535(he ne)-3.035 F .535
(xt occurrence of that character)-.15 F 5.535(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E -.05
(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E .835 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(ount).15 E(searches for pre)
-144 396 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 408 Q
-(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 420 S 1.043
+144 537.6 Q(vious occurrences.)-.25 E F1(character\255sear)108 549.6 Q
+(ch\255backward \(M\255C\255]\))-.18 E F0 3.543(Ac)144 561.6 S 1.043
(haracter is read and point is mo)-3.543 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.544(dt).15 G
3.544(ot)-3.544 G 1.044(he pre)-3.544 F 1.044
(vious occurrence of that character)-.25 F 6.044(.A)-.55 G(ne)-2.5 E
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 432 Q F1
-(skip\255csi\255sequence \(\))108 444 Q F0 1.827
-(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 456 R 2.126 -.15(ey s)
--.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 468 R .791
-(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791
+(count searches for subsequent occurrences.)144 573.6 Q F1
+(skip\255csi\255sequence \(\))108 585.6 Q F0 1.827
+(Read enough characters to consume a multi-k)144 597.6 R 2.126 -.15
+(ey s)-.1 H 1.826(equence such as those de\214ned for k).15 F -.15(ey)
+-.1 G 4.326(sl).15 G(ik)-4.326 E(e)-.1 E .79(Home and End.)144 609.6 R
+.791(Such sequences be)5.79 F .791
(gin with a Control Sequence Indicator \(CSI\), usually ESC\255[.)-.15 F
-.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 480 R -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.831
-(sp).15 G .331(roducing such sequences will ha)-2.831 F .631 -.15(ve n)
--.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F(xplic-)
--.15 E .026(itly bound to a readline command, instead of inserting stra\
-y characters into the editing b)144 492 R(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.026(.T)
--.55 G(his)-5.026 E(is unbound by def)144 504 Q(ault, b)-.1 E
+.332(If this sequence is bound to "\\[", k)144 621.6 R -.15(ey)-.1 G
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+(ve n)-.2 H 2.831(oe).15 G -.25(ff)-2.831 G .331(ect unless e).25 F
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(ut usually bound to ESC\255[.)-.2 E F1(insert\255comment \(M\255#\))108
-516 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 528 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481
+657.6 Q F0 -.4(Wi)144 669.6 S .481(thout a numeric ar).4 F .481
(gument, the v)-.18 F .481(alue of the readline)-.25 F F1
(comment\255begin)2.981 E F0 -.25(va)2.981 G .48
-(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 540 Q .097
+(riable is inserted at the).25 F(be)144 681.6 Q .097
(ginning of the current line.)-.15 F .098(If a numeric ar)5.097 F .098
(gument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle:)-.18 F(if)5.098 E
-.322(the characters at the be)144 552 R .321
+.322(the characters at the be)144 693.6 R .321
(ginning of the line do not match the v)-.15 F .321(alue of)-.25 F F1
(comment\255begin)2.821 E F0 2.821(,t)C .321(he v)-2.821 F .321(alue is)
--.25 F .831(inserted, otherwise the characters in)144 564 R F1
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(comment\255begin)3.331 E F0 .832(are deleted from the be)3.331 F .832
(ginning of the line.)-.15 F 1.469
-(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 576 R 1.468
+(In either case, the line is accepted as if a ne)144 717.6 R 1.468
(wline had been typed.)-.25 F 1.468(The def)6.468 F 1.468(ault v)-.1 F
-1.468(alue of)-.25 F F1(com-)3.968 E(ment\255begin)144 588 Q F0 .839
-(causes this command to mak)3.339 F 3.339(et)-.1 G .839
-(he current line a shell comment.)-3.339 F .84(If a numeric ar)5.84 F
-(gu-)-.18 E(ment causes the comment character to be remo)144 600 Q -.15
-(ve)-.15 G(d, the line will be e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted by the shell.).15 E F1(glob\255complete\255w)108 612 Q
-(ord \(M\255g\))-.1 E F0 .792(The w)144 624 R .791
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+(causes this command to mak)5.072 F 5.072(et)-.1 G 2.572
+(he current line a shell comment.)-5.072 F 2.573(If a numeric)7.572 F
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(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .791
-(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 636
+(xpansion, with an asterisk implicitly)-.15 F 2.5(appended. This)144 120
R(pattern is used to generate a list of matching \214le names for possi\
-ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 648 Q
-(ord \(C\255x *\))-.1 E F0 .371(The w)144 660 R .372
+ble completions.)2.5 E F1(glob\255expand\255w)108 132 Q
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(ord before point is treated as a pattern for pathname e)-.1 F .372
(xpansion, and the list of matching \214le)-.15 F .516
-(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 672 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
+(names is inserted, replacing the w)144 156 R 3.016(ord. If)-.1 F 3.016
(an)3.016 G .516(umeric ar)-3.016 F .516
(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended)-.18 F(before pathname e)
-144 684 Q(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(glob\255list\255expansions \(C\255x g\))
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.923(ould ha)-.1 F 1.223 -.15(ve b)-.2 H .923(een generated by).15 F F1
(glob\255expand\255w)3.423 E(ord)-.1 E F0 .923(is displayed, and)3.423 F
-.872(the line is redra)144 720 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
+.872(the line is redra)144 204 R 3.372(wn. If)-.15 F 3.372(an)3.372 G
.872(umeric ar)-3.372 F .872
-(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F
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--.35 E -.15(ex)144 84 S(pansion.).15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(dump\255functions)108 96 Q F0 .626
-(Print all of the functions and their k)144 108 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
+(gument is supplied, an asterisk is appended before pathname)-.18 F -.15
+(ex)144 216 S(pansion.).15 E F1(dump\255functions)108 228 Q F0 .626
+(Print all of the functions and their k)144 240 R .926 -.15(ey b)-.1 H
.627(indings to the readline output stream.).15 F .627(If a numeric ar)
5.627 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 120 Q
+(ment is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)144 252 Q
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(inputr)
-2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 132 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
-1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 144 R 1.799
+2.5 E(c)-.37 E F0(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255v)108 264 Q(ariables)-.1 E F0
+1.8(Print all of the settable readline v)144 276 R 1.799
(ariables and their v)-.25 F 1.799(alues to the readline output stream.)
--.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 156 R .304
+-.25 F 1.799(If a)6.799 F .304(numeric ar)144 288 R .304
(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .304
-(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 168 Q(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 180 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593
-(Print all of the readline k)144 192 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
+(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)144 300 Q(c)-.37 E F0
+(\214le.)2.5 E F1(dump\255macr)108 312 Q(os)-.18 E F0 .593
+(Print all of the readline k)144 324 R .893 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .592
(equences bound to macros and the strings the).15 F 3.092(yo)-.15 G
-3.092(utput. If)-3.092 F 3.092(an)3.092 G(umeric)-3.092 E(ar)144 204 Q
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.528(gument is supplied, the output is formatted in such a w)-.18 F .528
(ay that it can be made part of an)-.1 F F2(inputr)3.028 E(c)-.37 E F0
-(\214le.)144 216 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 228 Q
-(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 240 Q
+(\214le.)144 348 Q F1(display\255shell\255v)108 360 Q
+(ersion \(C\255x C\255v\))-.1 E F0(Display v)144 372 Q
(ersion information about the current instance of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 256.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108
-268.8 R .147(ord completion is attempted for an ar)-.1 F .147
+F0(.)A F1(Pr)87 388.8 Q(ogrammable Completion)-.18 E F0 .147(When w)108
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(gument to a command for which a completion speci\214cation \(a)-.18 F
-F2(compspec)108 280.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329
+F2(compspec)108 412.8 Q F0 3.828(\)h)C 1.329
(as been de\214ned using the)-3.828 F F1(complete)3.829 E F0 -.2(bu)
3.829 G 1.329(iltin \(see).2 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 1.329(SHELL B)3.829
F(UIL)-.09 E 1.329(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)3.579 E 1.329(w\), the)
--.25 F(programmable completion f)108 292.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
+-.25 F(programmable completion f)108 424.8 Q(acilities are in)-.1 E -.2
(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d.).1 E .498
-(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 309.6 R .498
+(First, the command name is identi\214ed.)108 441.6 R .498
(If the command w)5.498 F .497
(ord is the empty string \(completion attempted at)-.1 F .233(the be)108
-321.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
+453.6 R .233(ginning of an empty line\), an)-.15 F 2.733(yc)-.15 G .233
(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.733 F F1<ad45>2.733 E F0 .233(option to)
2.733 F F1(complete)2.733 E F0 .233(is used.)2.733 F .234(If a comp-)
5.234 F .481(spec has been de\214ned for that command, the compspec is \
-used to generate the list of possible completions)108 333.6 R .822
-(for the w)108 345.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F
+used to generate the list of possible completions)108 465.6 R .822
+(for the w)108 477.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F
.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\
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r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\
-rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 369.6 Q .421(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .422
+rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 501.6 Q .421(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .422
(If those searches to not result in a compspec, an)5.421 F 2.922(yc)-.15
G .422(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.922 F F1<ad44>2.922 E F0(option to)
-108 381.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E
+108 513.6 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E
.817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\
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-(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 410.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)
+ matching w)108 530.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817
+(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 542.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)
2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15
E F1(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463
-(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 427.2 R
+(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 559.2 R
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-.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 439.2 R .596
+.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 571.2 R .596
(When the)5.596 F F1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595
(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F
-(shell v)108 451.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
-(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 468 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
+(shell v)108 583.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
+(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 600 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584
(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584
-(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 480 S
+(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 612 S
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(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554
(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E
-(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 492 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
-(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 508.8 Q
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+(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 640.8 Q
.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F
F1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321
(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the)
-108 520.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412
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(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F
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-(using brace e)108 532.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
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(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092
(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108
-544.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
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(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108
-556.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209
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(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209
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-(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 568.8 Q
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(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238
-(After these matches ha)108 585.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238
+(After these matches ha)108 717.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238
(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237
(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F1<ad46>3.737 E
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(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375
(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375
-(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F4(,)A F3
-(COMP_KEY)108 609.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25
-(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157
-(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157
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-(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .609
-(the function or command is in)108 633.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608
-(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608(gument is the name of the command whose ar)
--.18 F .608(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108
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-(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607
-(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 669.6 Q .093
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+(When)5.986 E .609(the function or command is in)108 108 R -.2(vo)-.4 G
+-.1(ke).2 G .608(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608
+(gument is the name of the command whose ar)-.18 F .608(guments are)-.18
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+-.18 F .073(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073
+(gument is the w)-.18 F .073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 132 R
+.607(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607
+(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 144 Q .093
(ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\
or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108
-681.6 Q(An)108 698.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with)
--2.938 F F
1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
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+-2.938 F F
3<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F
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-(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 710.4 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2
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(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956
(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457
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(shell option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to sa)3.25 F 1.05
-.15(ve e)-.2 H .75(ach line of a multi-line command in).15 F 1.077
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(dding semicolons where necessary to preserv)-3.577 F 3.577(es)-.15 G
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(wlines instead of semicolons.)-.25 F .373(See the)5.373 F .318
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--.383 G(XP)-2.738 E(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .611
-(The shell supports a history e)108 350.4 R .611
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(ilable. This).25 F .871(feature is enabled by def)3.371 F .871
(ault for interacti)-.1 F 1.171 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .871(hells, and).15 F
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-(option to the)4.514 F F3(set)4.514 E F0 -.2(bu)4.514 G 2.014
-(iltin command \(see).2 F F1 2.013(SHELL B)4.513 F(UIL)-.09 E 2.013
-(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 386.4 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F
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+(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)108 523.2 Q 2.5(w\). Non-interacti)-.25 F
.3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells do not perform history e).15 E
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(vious command into the current input line, or \214x errors in pre)-.25
-F(vious)-.25 E(commands quickly)108 427.2 Q(.)-.65 E 1.163(History e)108
-444 R 1.163(xpansion is performed immediately after a complete line is \
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(rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2
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(\214rst is to determine which line from the history list to use during)
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-(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 480 R/F5 10
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-(nd the portions of that line that are acted upon are)-3.163 F F5(wor)
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+(The line)6.868 F .663(selected from the history is the)108 616.8 R F3
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--.25 G(ral).15 E F5(metac)2.852 E(har)-.15 E(acter)-.15 E F0 .351
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(-separated w)B .351(ords surrounded by quotes are considered)-.1 F .624
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-(xpansion character)-.15 F 3.125(,w)-.4 G(hich)-3.125 E(is)108 528 Q F3
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--2.5 E(xpansion character)-.15 E(.)-.55 E(Se)108 544.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
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(xpansion if found immediately follo)-.15 F .03(wing the history e)-.25
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+(viates `0\255)-.25 E F2(y)A F0('.)A F1(*)108 552 Q F0 .315
(All of the w)31 F .315(ords b)-.1 F .315(ut the zeroth.)-.2 F .315
(This is a synon)5.315 F .315(ym for `)-.15 F F2(1\255$)A F0 2.815
('. It)B .315(is not an error to use)2.815 F F1(*)2.816 E F0 .316
-(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 434.4 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)
+(if there is)2.816 F(just one w)144 564 Q(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(nt; the empty string is returned in that case.).15 E F1(x*)108
-446.4 Q F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108
-458.4 Q F0(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1
-E F1(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)
-108 475.2 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+576 Q F0(Abbre)26 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<78ad>108 588
+Q F0(Abbre)25.3 E(viates)-.25 E F2(x\255$)2.5 E F0(lik)2.5 E(e)-.1 E F1
+(x*)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut omits the last w)-2.7 E(ord.)-.1 E(If a w)108
+604.8 Q(ord designator is supplied without an e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(nt speci\214cation, the pre).15 E(vious command is used as the e)-.25 E
--.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 492 Q F0 .184
-(After the optional w)108 504 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4 G
-.183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F
-.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 516 Q F1(h)108
-532.8 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
+-.15(ve)-.25 G(nt.).15 E F1(Modi\214ers)87 621.6 Q F0 .184
+(After the optional w)108 633.6 R .184(ord designator)-.1 F 2.684(,t)-.4
+G .183(here may appear a sequence of one or more of the follo)-2.684 F
+.183(wing modi\214ers,)-.25 F(each preceded by a `:'.)108 645.6 Q F1(h)
+108 662.4 Q F0(Remo)30.44 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H
(railing \214le name component, lea).15 E(ving only the head.)-.2 E F1
-(t)108 544.8 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
+(t)108 674.4 Q F0(Remo)32.67 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.15 H
(ll leading \214le name components, lea).15 E(ving the tail.)-.2 E F1(r)
-108 556.8 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
+108 686.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing suf).15 E
(\214x of the form)-.25 E F2(.xxx)2.5 E F0 2.5(,l)C(ea)-2.5 E
-(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 568.8 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a)
--.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 580.8
+(ving the basename.)-.2 E F1(e)108 698.4 Q F0(Remo)31.56 E .3 -.15(ve a)
+-.15 H(ll b).15 E(ut the trailing suf)-.2 E(\214x.)-.25 E F1(p)108 710.4
Q F0(Print the ne)30.44 E 2.5(wc)-.25 G(ommand b)-2.5 E(ut do not e)-.2
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E F1(q)108 592.8 Q F0
-(Quote the substituted w)30.44 E(ords, escaping further substitutions.)
--.1 E F1(x)108 604.8 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1
-E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)
-2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 616.8 Q F2(old)A F1(/)A
-F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 628.8 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E
-F0 .221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221
+E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute it.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)
+147.345 E(48)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(q)108 84 Q F0(Quote the substituted w)30.44
+E(ords, escaping further substitutions.)-.1 E F1(x)108 96 Q F0
+(Quote the substituted w)31 E(ords as with)-.1 E F1(q)2.5 E F0 2.5(,b)C
+(ut break into w)-2.7 E(ords at)-.1 E F1(blanks)2.5 E F0(and ne)2.5 E
+(wlines.)-.25 E F1(s/)108 108 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(old)A F1(/)A F2
+(ne)A(w)-.15 E F1(/)A F0(Substitute)144 120 Q F2(ne)3.081 E(w)-.15 E F0
+.221(for the \214rst occurrence of)3.031 F F2(old)2.951 E F0 .221
(in the e)3.491 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .221(nt line.).15 F(An)5.221 E 2.721
(yd)-.15 G .221(elimiter can be used in place)-2.721 F .617(of /.)144
-640.8 R .617
+132 R .617
(The \214nal delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)
5.617 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .617(nt line.).15 F .616(The delimiter may)5.616
-F .666(be quoted in)144 652.8 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)
-3.526 E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666
+F .666(be quoted in)144 144 R F2(old)3.396 E F0(and)3.936 E F2(ne)3.526
+E(w)-.15 E F0 .666(with a single backslash.)3.476 F .666
(If & appears in)5.666 F F2(ne)3.166 E(w)-.15 E F0 3.166(,i).31 G 3.166
(ti)-3.166 G 3.166(sr)-3.166 G .666(eplaced by)-3.166 F F2(old)3.166 E
-F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 664.8 R
-(If)5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544
-F F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774
-(fn)-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E
-(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 676.8 Q F2(string)
-2.84 E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1
-(&)108 688.8 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1
-(g)108 700.8 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-2.897(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.)
-.15 F .398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898
-('\()C(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 712.8 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)
--.15 E F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219
-(used with `)3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218
+F0 5.666(.A).77 G .275(single backslash will quote the &.)144 156 R(If)
+5.275 E F2(old)3.004 E F0 .274(is null, it is set to the last)3.544 F F2
+(old)3.004 E F0 .274(substituted, or)3.544 F 2.774(,i)-.4 G 2.774(fn)
+-2.774 G 2.774(op)-2.774 G(re)-2.774 E(vi-)-.25 E
+(ous history substitutions took place, the last)144 168 Q F2(string)2.84
+E F0(in a)2.72 E F1(!?)2.5 E F2(string)A F1([?])A F0(search.)5 E F1(&)
+108 180 Q F0(Repeat the pre)27.67 E(vious substitution.)-.25 E F1(g)108
+192 Q F0 .397(Cause changes to be applied o)31 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.897
+(rt).15 G .398(he entire e)-2.897 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .398(nt line.).15 F
+.398(This is used in conjunction with `)5.398 F F1(:s)A F0 2.898('\()C
+(e.g.,)-2.898 E(`)144 204 Q F1(:gs/)A F2(old)A F1(/)A F2(ne)A(w)-.15 E
+F1(/)A F0 1.219('\) or `)B F1(:&)A F0 3.719('. If)B 1.219(used with `)
+3.719 F F1(:s)A F0 1.218(', an)B 3.718(yd)-.15 G 1.218
(elimiter can be used in place of /, and the \214nal)-3.718 F .089
-(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 724.8 R
+(delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the e)144 216 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G .09(nt line.).15 F(An)5.09 E F1(a)2.59 E F0 .09
-(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
-(2010 April 17)145.955 E(48)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(g)144 84 Q F0(.)A F1(G)108 96 Q F0
-(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5('m)C
-(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(nt line.).15 E/F2 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 112.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E
-(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 124.8
+(may be used as a synon)2.59 F .09(ym for)-.15 F F1(g)144 228 Q F0(.)A
+F1(G)108 240 Q F0(Apply the follo)28.22 E(wing `)-.25 E F1(s)A F0 2.5
+('m)C(odi\214er once to each w)-2.5 E(ord in the e)-.1 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
+(nt line.).15 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)72 256.8 Q(UIL)-.11 E
+(TIN COMMANDS)-1.007 E F0 .063(Unless otherwise noted, each b)108 268.8
R .062(uiltin command documented in this section as accepting options p\
-receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108
136.8 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F1<adad>2.533 E F0
+receded by)-.2 F F1<ad>108
280.8 Q F0(accepts)2.533 E F1<adad>2.533 E F0
.034(to signify the end of the options.)2.533 F(The)5.034 E F1(:)2.534 E
F0(,)A F1(true)2.534 E F0(,)A F1(false)2.534 E F0 2.534(,a)C(nd)-2.534 E
F1(test)2.534 E F0 -.2(bu)2.534 G .034(iltins do not accept options and)
-.2 F .078(do not treat)108
148.8 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E
+.2 F .078(do not treat)108
292.8 R F1<adad>2.577 E F0(specially)2.577 E
5.077(.T)-.65 G(he)-5.077 E F1(exit)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(logout)2.577 E F0
(,)A F1(br)2.577 E(eak)-.18 E F0(,)A F1(continue)2.577 E F0(,)A F1(let)
2.577 E F0 2.577(,a)C(nd)-2.577 E F1(shift)2.577 E F0 -.2(bu)2.577 G
.077(iltins accept and process ar).2 F(gu-)-.18 E .319(ments be)108
-
160.8 R .319(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.819 E F0 .319
+
304.8 R .319(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>2.819 E F0 .319
(without requiring)2.819 F F1<adad>2.819 E F0 5.319(.O)C .319(ther b)
-5.319 F .319(uiltins that accept ar)-.2 F .32(guments b)-.18 F .32
(ut are not speci\214ed as)-.2 F 1.144(accepting options interpret ar)
-108
172.8 R 1.144(guments be)-.18 F 1.144(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>
+108
316.8 R 1.144(guments be)-.18 F 1.144(ginning with)-.15 F F1<ad>
3.643 E F0 1.143(as in)3.643 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.143
(lid options and require).25 F F1<adad>3.643 E F0 1.143(to pre)3.643 F
--.15(ve)-.25 G 1.143(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 184.8 Q F1(:)108
-202.8 Q F0([)2.5 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A
-.451(No ef)144 214.8 R .451(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F
-.452(yond e)-.15 F(xpanding)-.15 E F3(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452
-(and performing an)3.222 F 2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5
-(redirections. A)144 226.8 R(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E
-F1(.)110.5 243.6 Q F3(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F3(ar)A(guments)-.37
-E F0(])A F1(sour)108 255.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F3(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3
-(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 267.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.02(cute commands from).15 F F3(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02
+-.15(ve)-.25 G 1.143(nt this).15 F(interpretation.)108 328.8 Q F1(:)108
+346.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .451(No ef)144 358.8 R
+.451(fect; the command does nothing be)-.25 F .452(yond e)-.15 F
+(xpanding)-.15 E F2(ar)3.282 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .452(and performing an)
+3.222 F 2.952(ys)-.15 G(peci\214ed)-2.952 E 2.5(redirections. A)144
+370.8 R(zero e)2.5 E(xit code is returned.)-.15 E F1(.)110.5 387.6 Q F2
+(\214lename)6.666 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A F1(sour)108
+399.6 Q(ce)-.18 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E
+F0(])A 1.02(Read and e)144 411.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.02
+(cute commands from).15 F F2(\214lename)5.43 E F0 1.02
(in the current shell en)3.7 F 1.02(vironment and return the e)-.4 F
-(xit)-.15 E 1.68(status of the last command e)144 279.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.68(cuted from).15 F F3(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F3
+(xit)-.15 E 1.68(status of the last command e)144 423.6 R -.15(xe)-.15 G
+1.68(cuted from).15 F F2(\214lename)4.18 E F0 6.68(.I).18 G(f)-6.68 E F2
(\214lename)6.09 E F0 1.68(does not contain a slash, \214le)4.36 F .608
-(names in)144 291.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E
-F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F3
+(names in)144 435.6 R/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E
+F0 .608(are used to \214nd the directory containing)2.858 F F2
(\214lename)3.108 E F0 5.608(.T).18 G .608(he \214le searched for in)
--5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 303.6
+-5.608 F F4 -.666(PA)3.108 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .832(need not be e)144 447.6
R -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.332(cutable. When).15 F F1(bash)3.332 E F0 .832
-(is not in)3.332 F F3 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833
+(is not in)3.332 F F2 .832(posix mode)3.332 F F0 3.332(,t)C .833
(he current directory is searched if no)-3.332 F .982
-(\214le is found in)144 315.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9
+(\214le is found in)144 459.6 R F4 -.666(PA)3.481 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9
/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .981(If the)5.481 F F1(sour)3.481 E(cepath)-.18
E F0 .981(option to the)3.481 F F1(shopt)3.481 E F0 -.2(bu)3.481 G .981
(iltin command is turned of).2 F .981(f, the)-.25 F F4 -.666(PA)144
-327.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F
-(y)-.15 E F3(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F
-2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F3
-(\214lename)144 339.6 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842
+471.6 S(TH)-.189 E F0 .112(is not searched.)2.362 F .112(If an)5.112 F
+(y)-.15 E F2(ar)2.612 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .112(are supplied, the)2.612 F
+2.612(yb)-.15 G .112(ecome the positional parameters when)-2.612 F F2
+(\214lename)144 483.6 Q F0 .342(is e)2.842 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.842
(cuted. Otherwise).15 F .342(the positional parameters are unchanged.)
2.842 F .341(The return status is the)5.341 F .716
-(status of the last command e)144 351.6 R .716
+(status of the last command e)144 495.6 R .716
(xited within the script \(0 if no commands are e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F3(\214lename)145.91 363.6
-Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 380.4 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F3(value)A F0 2.5(].)
-C(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 392.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724
+.716(cuted\), and f).15 F .716(alse if)-.1 F F2(\214lename)145.91 507.6
+Q F0(is not found or cannot be read.)2.68 E F1(alias)108 524.4 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)
+C(..])-2.5 E F1(Alias)144 536.4 Q F0 2.725(with no ar)5.225 F 2.724
(guments or with the)-.18 F F1<ad70>5.224 E F0 2.724
(option prints the list of aliases in the form)5.224 F F1(alias)5.224 E
-F3(name)144 404.4 Q F0(=)A F3(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F
+F2(name)144 548.4 Q F0(=)A F2(value)A F0 .58(on standard output.)3.08 F
.58(When ar)5.58 F .58
-(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F3(name)
-3.08 E F0(whose)144 416.4 Q F3(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F3(value)
+(guments are supplied, an alias is de\214ned for each)-.18 F F2(name)
+3.08 E F0(whose)144 560.4 Q F2(value)2.895 E F0 .395(is gi)2.895 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G 2.895(n. A).15 F .395(trailing space in)2.895 F F2(value)
5.395 E F0 .395(causes the ne)2.895 F .395(xt w)-.15 F .395
(ord to be check)-.1 F .395(ed for alias sub-)-.1 F .054
-(stitution when the alias is e)144 428.4 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054
-(or each)-.15 F F3(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054
-(gument list for which no)-.18 F F3(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554
-F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 440.4 R 1.314
+(stitution when the alias is e)144 572.4 R 2.554(xpanded. F)-.15 F .054
+(or each)-.15 F F2(name)2.554 E F0 .054(in the ar)2.554 F .054
+(gument list for which no)-.18 F F2(value)2.554 E F0 .054(is sup-)2.554
+F 1.314(plied, the name and v)144 584.4 R 1.314
(alue of the alias is printed.)-.25 F F1(Alias)6.314 E F0 1.314
-(returns true unless a)3.814 F F3(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F
+(returns true unless a)3.814 F F2(name)3.814 E F0 1.313(is gi)3.814 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 3.813(nf).15 G(or)-3.813 E
-(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 452.4 Q F1(bg)108 469.2 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F3(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144
-481.2 R F3(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745
+(which no alias has been de\214ned.)144 596.4 Q F1(bg)108 613.2 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(...])2.5 E .744(Resume each suspended job)144
+625.2 R F2(jobspec)3.244 E F0 .745
(in the background, as if it had been started with)3.244 F F1(&)3.245 E
-F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F3(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 493.2 Q F0 .672
+F0 5.745(.I)C(f)-5.745 E F2(job-)4.985 E(spec)144 637.2 Q F0 .672
(is not present, the shell')3.482 F 3.172(sn)-.55 G .672(otion of the)
--3.172 F F3(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1
-(bg)5.671 E F3(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418
-(when job control is disabled or)144 505.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419
+-3.172 F F2(curr)3.172 E .672(ent job)-.37 F F0 .672(is used.)3.172 F F1
+(bg)5.671 E F2(jobspec)4.911 E F0 .671(returns 0 unless run)3.481 F .418
+(when job control is disabled or)144 649.2 R 2.919(,w)-.4 G .419
(hen run with job control enabled, an)-2.919 F 2.919(ys)-.15 G
-(peci\214ed)-2.919 E F3(jobspec)2.919 E F0 -.1(wa)2.919 G 2.919(sn).1 G
-(ot)-2.919 E(found or w)144 517.2 Q(as started without job control.)-.1
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504 Q F0(File names.)27.22 E(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad66>2.5
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(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad67>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(helptopic)184
-384 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 396 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
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+552 Q F0(Help topics as accepted by the)224 564 Q F1(help)2.5 E F0 -.2
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Q(en from the \214le speci\214ed by the)-.1 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 432 Q F0
+(HOSTFILE)2.5 E F0(shell v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(job)184 600 Q F0
(Job names, if job control is acti)26.11 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5(.M).15 G
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-.1 F(also be speci\214ed as)2.5 E F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(running)184
-468 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve)
--.25 G(.).15 E F1(ser)184 480 Q(vice)-.1 E F0(Service names.)10.67 E
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+636 Q F0(Names of running jobs, if job control is acti)5.54 E -.15(ve)
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F0 -1.11(Va)14.45 G(lid ar)1.11 E(guments for the)-.18 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E
F0(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1
-(shopt)184 504 Q F0(Shell option names as accepted by the)16.66 E F1
-(shopt)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E F1(signal)184 516 Q F0
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(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.)
-.15 E F1(user)184 540 Q F0(User names.)21.67 E
-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 552 S
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-184 588 Q F1<ad46>144 600 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.181
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--.15(xe)-.15 G 1.181(cuted in the current shell en).15 F 3.68
-(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.18(it \214n-)3.68 F .932
-(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 624 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-3.432(df).15 G .932(rom the v)-3.432 F .932(alue of the)-.25 F F3
-(COMPREPL)3.432 E(Y)-.828 E F0(array)3.182 E -.25(va)184 636 S(riable.)
-.25 E F1<ad47>144 648 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 660
-R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507 E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F
-1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)-.15 F(tions.)184 672 Q
-F1<ad50>144 684 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)184 696 Q(e\214x)-.37 E
-F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
-(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 708 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
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%%Page: 53 53
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad53>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(suf)
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+F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.055(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 1.056
+(vironment, and its output is used as the possible)-.4 F(completions.)
+184 120 Q F1<ad46>144 132 Q F2(function)2.5 E F0 1.181
+(The shell function)184 144 R F2(function)3.681 E F0 1.181(is e)3.681 F
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+(vironment. When)-.4 F 1.18(it \214n-)3.68 F .932
+(ishes, the possible completions are retrie)184 156 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
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+168 S(riable.).25 E F1<ad47>144 180 Q F2(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008
+(The pathname e)184 192 R 1.008(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507
+E F0 1.007(is e)3.507 F 1.007(xpanded to generate the possible comple-)
+-.15 F(tions.)184 204 Q F1<ad50>144 216 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(e\214x)-.37 E(pr)
+184 228 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .534(is added at the be)3.034 F .534
+(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 240 Q F1<ad53>144 252 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
+2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 96 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 108 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
-(is split using the characters in the)3.64 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)
-3.64 E F0 1.139(special v)3.39 F 1.139(ariable as delimiters, and)-.25 F
-2.007(each resultant w)184 120 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507
-(xpanded. The)-.15 F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)
-4.507 F(resultant list which match the w)184 132 Q(ord being completed.)
--.1 E F1<ad58>144 144 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 156 Q F0
-.456(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15
-F .455(is applied to the list of possible)2.956 F 1.596
-(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 168 R 1.596
-(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 180 Q F2(\214lterpat)
+E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 264 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
+(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 276 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
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+(each resultant w)184 288 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15
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+F1<ad58>144 312 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 324 Q F0 .456
+(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15 F
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+(completions generated by the preceding options and ar)184 336 R 1.596
+(guments, and each completion)-.18 F(matching)184 348 Q F2(\214lterpat)
3.205 E F0 .705(is remo)3.205 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.205(df).15 G .704
(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 192 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
+(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 360 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching)-2.5 E F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E F0(is remo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 208.8 R .466
+-.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 376.8 R .466
(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
(or)2.967 E F1<ad72>2.967 E F0 .467(is sup-)2.967 F 1.362
-(plied without a)144 220.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
+(plied without a)144 388.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
(gument, an attempt is made to remo)-.18 F 1.661 -.15(ve a c)-.15 H
-1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 232.8 Q F0
+1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 400.8 Q F0
(for which no speci\214cation e)2.5 E
(xists, or an error occurs adding a completion speci\214cation.)-.15 E
-F1(compopt)108
249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
+F1(compopt)108
417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2
-(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 261.6 R
+(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 429.6 R
F2(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F2(option)2.947 E F0
.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
-(completion if no)144 273.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
+(completion if no)144 441.6 R F2(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F2(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 285.6 Q F2(name)
+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 453.6 Q F2(name)
3.223 E F0 .723(or the current completion.)3.223 F .724(The possible v)
5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
-F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 297.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
+F .724(alid for the)-.25 F F1(com-)3.224 E(plete)144 465.6 Q F0 -.2(bu)
2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he)
-5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297
(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F
-1.227(the `)144 309.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
+1.227(the `)144 477.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
mmand completion; that is, completion attempted on a command for which \
-no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 321.6 R 2.178
+no)-3.727 F 2.178(completion has pre)144 489.6 R 2.178
(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177
(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `)
-144 333.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G
+144 501.6 Q(`empty')-.74 E 2.5('c)-.74 G
(ommand completion; that is, completion attempted on a blank line.)-2.5
-E 1.387(The return v)144 357.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F
+E 1.387(The return v)144 525.6 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.388
(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F
-(options for a)144 369.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
+(options for a)144 537.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
-(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 386.4 Q F0([)
-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 398.4 R 1.754
+(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 554.4 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144 566.4 R 1.754
(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1
(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F2(n)4.613 E F0 1.753
-(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 410.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0
+(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 578.4 R F2(n)3.709 E F0
1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10
/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209
(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514
-(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 422.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
+(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 590.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513
(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is)
-3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 434.4 Q F1(declar)108 451.2
-Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0
+3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 602.4 Q F1(declar)108 619.2
+Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfF
gilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0
2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1
-(typeset)108 463.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>
--2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])
--2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 475.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F 1.564
--.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)3.765 E
-F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.765
-(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F -.25
-
(va)144 487.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
+(typeset)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
+(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 643.2 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F
+1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)
+3.765 E F2(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25
+G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F
+
-.25(va)144 655.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982
(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1
-<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 499.2 Q F2(name)3.579 E
+<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 667.2 Q F2(name)3.579 E
F0(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F
(When)6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2
(name)3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151
-(ments, it will display the attrib)144 511.2 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F
+(ments, it will display the attrib)144 679.2 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F
.151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib)
-.2 F .15(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144
-
523.2 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F1<ad70>2.547
+
691.2 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F1<ad70>2.547
E F0(,)A F1(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib)
-2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 535.2 S 1.363
+2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 703.2 S 1.363
(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.863 E F0
1.362(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The)
6.362 E F1<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of functio\
-n de\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 547.2 R 2.423
-(utes are)-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 559.2 R(the)2.664 E F1(extdeb)
+n de\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 715.2 R 2.423
+(utes are)-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 727.2 R(the)2.664 E F1(extdeb)
2.664 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F1(shopt)
2.664 E F0 2.664(,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664
-F 1.382(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 571.2
-R(The)6.382 E F1<ad46>3.882 E F0 1.382(option implies)3.882 F F1<ad66>
-3.882 E F0 6.382(.T)C 1.382(he follo)-6.382 F(wing)-.25 E .794
-(options can be used to restrict output to v)144 583.2 R .794
-(ariables with the speci\214ed attrib)-.25 F .793(ute or to gi)-.2 F
-1.093 -.15(ve v)-.25 H(ariables)-.1 E(attrib)144 595.2 Q(utes:)-.2 E F1
-<ad61>144 607.2 Q F0(Each)25.3 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray v)-2.5 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5
-E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad41>144 619.2 Q F0(Each)
-23.08 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(is an associati)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H
-(rray v).15 E(ariable \(see)-.25 E F1(Arrays)2.5 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G(\).).15 E F1<ad66>144 631.2 Q F0(Use function names only)26.97 E
-(.)-.65 E F1<ad69>144 643.2 Q F0 .557(The v)27.52 F .558
-(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25
-(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F F3 .558(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)
--1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 655.2 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5
-(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E
-(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 E(alue.)-.25 E F1<ad6c>144 667.2 Q F0 .91
-(When the v)27.52 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
-(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4
-G .909(rted to lo).15 F(wer)-.25 E(-)-.2 E 2.5(case. The)180 679.2 R
-(upper)2.5 E(-case attrib)-.2 E(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad72>144 691.2
-Q F0(Mak)25.86 E(e)-.1 E F2(name)5.046 E F0 5.046(sr)C(eadonly)-5.046 E
-7.546(.T)-.65 G 2.546(hese names cannot then be assigned v)-7.546 F
-2.547(alues by subsequent)-.25 F(assignment statements or unset.)180
-703.2 Q F1<ad74>144 715.2 Q F0(Gi)26.97 E .73 -.15(ve e)-.25 H(ach).15 E
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244.8 Q F1<ad64>
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484.8 Q F1<ad64>
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508.8 R 2.598(uiltins. If)-.2 F F1<ad6e>2.598 E F0 .098
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386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255cl)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad61>-2.5 E F2
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(option suppresses the command numbers when listing.)2.522 F(The)5.022 E
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-(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 120 R .438(If the)5.438
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5.438 F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
-.335(the editor gi)144 132 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E/F2
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-(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0
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-(alue of the)-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FCEDIT)3.13 E F0 -.25(va)2.88 G
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-(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)5.951 F
--.15(exe)144 168 S(cuted.).15 E .039(In the second form,)144 192 R F2
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-(cuted after each instance of).15 F F2(pat)2.54 E F0 .04(is replaced by)
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-(r='fc \255s')2.906 F F0 2.906(,s)C 2.906(ot)-2.906 G .406(hat typing)
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-(runs the last command be)2.906 F .406(ginning with)-.15 F F4(cc)144 216
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-(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 240 R .142
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+(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 482.4 R .142
(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322
-E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 252 R
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-(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454
-(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 264 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787
-(cuted or f).15 F .788
+E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .454(specify history lines out of range.)144 494.4
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R .454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
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(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
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-276 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135
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(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413
(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0
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-(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 340.8 Q
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-(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363
-(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 352.8 Q
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+(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362
+(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 595.2 Q
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4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004
-(as started without job control.)-.1 F F1(getopts)108 369.6 Q F2
+(as started without job control.)-.1 F F1(getopts)108 612 Q F2
(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144
-381.6 Q F0 .793
-(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2
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--.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 405.6 Q .578
-(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579
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+(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F2
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(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665
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(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts)
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(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OPTIND)2.585
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(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F
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-(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 525.6 Q F0
-(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
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-(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 549.6 Q F0 2.392
-(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392
-(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893
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-(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F
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+(When the end of options is encountered,)144 108 R/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
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--.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.851 E
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(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551
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F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F2(n)2.64 E F0
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-H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.89
+(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89
+(be used to remo)144 604.8 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
+1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891
(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
-(Options, if supplied, ha)144 285.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 297.6 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049
-(The w)180 309.6 R 1.049
+(Options, if supplied, ha)144 616.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 628.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
+180 640.8 R 1.049
(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
--.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2
-(aname)180.33 321.6 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25
-(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5
-E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 333.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
-(The \214rst character of)180 345.6 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
+-.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
+F2(aname)180.33 652.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
+-.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
+(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 664.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
+F0(The \214rst character of)180 676.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E
-F1<ad65>144 357.6 Q F0 .373
+F1<ad65>144 688.8 Q F0 .372
(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re)
-2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E .218
-(to obtain the line.)180 369.6 R .218
+2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218
+(to obtain the line.)180 700.8 R .218
(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E
-(acti)180 381.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E
-F1<ad69>144 393.6 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.716
-G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.716 F F2(te)
-2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E
-.215(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 405.6 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144
-417.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 429.6 S(ad).18 E
-F0 1.394(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E
-F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395
-(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 441.6 Q
-(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E
-(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
-<ad4e>144 453.6 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 465.6 S
-(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
-3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F
-1.269(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 477.6 R F1 -.18(re)
-2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .275(times out.)2.775 F .275
-(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.275 F 1.003
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 489.6
-R F1 -.18(re)3.502 G(ad).18 E F0 1.002(to return until)3.502 F F2(nc)
-3.502 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 501.6 Q F1<ad70>
-144 513.6 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 525.6 Q F2(pr)3.66 E
-(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161
+(acti)180 712.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E
+(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(60)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 61 61
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad69>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(te)
+2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715 G(adline).18 E F0 .216
+(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216
+(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E .216(fer before edit-)
+-.25 F(ing be)180 96 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 108 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)
+-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 120 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395
+(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
+(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of)
+-.1 F(input, b)180 132 Q(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25
+E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0
+(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1<ad4e>144 144
+Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 156 S(ad).18 E F0 1.269
+(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E
+(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
+(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 168 R F1 -.18(re)2.775
+G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-)
+5.274 F 1.002
+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 180 R
+F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503
+E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 192 Q F1<ad70>144 204 Q
+F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 216 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E
+F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161
(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)
--.25 F(an)180 537.6 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
+-.25 F(an)180 228 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 549.6 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F(the line.)180 561.6 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
+<ad72>144 240 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
+-5.543 F(the line.)180 252 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 573.6 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 264 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 585.6 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 597.6 Q F1 -.18(re)3.548
-G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048
+<ad74>144 276 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 288 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G
+(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048
(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
-180 609.6 Q F0(seconds.)3.497 E F2(timeout)5.997 E F0 .997
-(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.497 F(wing)
--.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 621.6 R .576(This option is only ef)
+180 300 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
+(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing)
+-.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 312 R .576(This option is only ef)
5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G
-(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .142
-(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 633.6 R .142
-(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.141 E
-F2(timeout)2.641 E F0 .141(is 0,)2.641 F F1 -.18(re)180 645.6 S(ad).18 E
-F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.613 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113
-(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .114
-(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 657.6 Q
+(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141
+(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 324 R .142
+(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E
+F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad).18 E
+F0 .113(returns success if input is a)2.614 F -.25(va)-.2 G .113
+(ilable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor).25 F 2.613(,f)-.4 G .113
+(ailure otherwise.)-2.713 F(The e)180 348 Q
(xit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is e)-.15 E(xceeded.)-.15
-E F1<ad75>144 669.6 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)
-14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192(If no)144 686.4 R F2(names)3.052 E F0
-.192(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable)
--.25 E F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191
-(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 698.4 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad)
+E F1<ad75>144 360 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0(Read input from \214le descriptor)
+14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191(If no)144 376.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0
+.191(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable)
+-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
+(.)A F0 .192(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 388.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad)
.18 E F0 1.343
-(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F
-(128\), or an in)144 710.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
+(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.844 F
+(128\), or an in)144 400.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1
-<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 April 17)145.955 E(60)
-195.945 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 61 61
-%%BeginPageSetup
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.18(re)108 84 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
-(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0
-([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 96 R -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77
-(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0
-.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144 108
-R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 120 Q 3.334(ed. The)-.1
-F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
+<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 417.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+(\255aA)A(pf)-.25 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E
+F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 429.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(n).15 E F2
+(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77
+(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0 .77
+(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144 441.6 R
+1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097
+(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
+(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 453.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .537(ables to associati)144 132 R .837 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.037
+-.25 E .538(ables to associati)144 465.6 R .838 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.038
(rrays. If).15 F(no)3.038 E F2(name)3.398 E F0(ar)3.218 E .538
(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .538(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>
-3.038 E F0 .538(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .081
-(of all readonly names is printed.)144 144 R(The)5.081 E F1<ad70>2.581 E
-F0 .08(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.581 F
-1.176(be reused as input.)144 156 R 1.176(If a v)6.176 F 1.176
+3.038 E F0 .537(option is supplied, a list)3.038 F .08
+(of all readonly names is printed.)144 477.6 R(The)5.08 E F1<ad70>2.58 E
+F0 .081(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may)2.58 F
+1.177(be reused as input.)144 489.6 R 1.177(If a v)6.177 F 1.176
(ariable name is follo)-.25 F 1.176(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
-3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.177(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.177
-(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 168 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.206(.T)C 1.206
-(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.206 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.205
-(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.065 E F0 1.205
-(is not a)3.975 F -.25(va)144 180 S(lid shell v).25 E(ariable name, or)
--.25 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 196.8 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .586(Causes a function to e)144 208.8 R .587
-(xit with the return v)-.15 F .587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087
-E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587 E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .587
-(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335
-(that of the last command e)144 220.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335
+3.676(,t)C 1.176(he v)-3.676 F 1.176(alue of the v)-.25 F 1.176
+(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)144 501.6 Q(d)-.37 E F0 6.205(.T)C
+1.205(he return status is 0 unless an in)-6.205 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.206
+(lid option is encountered, one of the).25 F F2(names)4.066 E F0 1.206
+(is not a)3.976 F -.25(va)144 513.6 S(lid shell v).25 E
+(ariable name, or)-.25 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(is supplied with a)2.5 E F2
+(name)2.86 E F0(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 530.4 S
+(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .587
+(Causes a function to e)144 542.4 R .587(xit with the return v)-.15 F
+.587(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)3.087 E F0 5.587(.I).24 G(f)-5.587
+E F2(n)3.447 E F0 .586(is omitted, the return status is)3.327 F 1.335
+(that of the last command e)144 554.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.335
(cuted in the function body).15 F 6.335(.I)-.65 G 3.835(fu)-6.335 G
1.335(sed outside a function, b)-3.835 F 1.335(ut during)-.2 F -.15(exe)
-144 232.8 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\()
+144 566.4 S .794(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)3.294 E F0(\()
5.794 E F1(sour)A(ce)-.18 E F0 3.294(\)c)C .794
-(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .795
-(cuting that script).15 F .246(and return either)144 244.8 R F2(n)3.106
-E F0 .246(or the e)2.986 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .245
-(xit sta-)-.15 F .081(tus of the script.)144 256.8 R .082
+(ommand, it causes the shell to stop e)-3.294 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .794
+(cuting that script).15 F .245(and return either)144 578.4 R F2(n)3.105
+E F0 .246(or the e)2.985 F .246(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .246(cuted within the script as the e).15 F .246
+(xit sta-)-.15 F .082(tus of the script.)144 590.4 R .082
(If used outside a function and not during e)5.082 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .082
-(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.582(,t).833 G .082
-(he return sta-)-2.582 F 2.306(tus is f)144 268.8 R 4.806(alse. An)-.1 F
-4.806(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.806 F F1(RETURN)
-4.805 E F0 2.305(trap is e)4.805 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.305(cuted before e)
+(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.582 E F0 2.581(,t).833 G .081
+(he return sta-)-2.581 F 2.305(tus is f)144 602.4 R 4.805(alse. An)-.1 F
+4.805(yc)-.15 G 2.305(ommand associated with the)-4.805 F F1(RETURN)
+4.805 E F0 2.306(trap is e)4.806 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.306(cuted before e)
.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution).15 E(resumes after the function or script.)
-144 280.8 Q F1(set)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+144 614.4 Q F1(set)108 631.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F2(option)2.5
-E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 309.6 Q F0
+E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E F1(set)108 643.2 Q F0
([)2.5 E F1(+abefhkmnptuvxBCEHPT)A F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F2(option)
-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 321.6 S
-.835(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
-.836(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
-(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 333.6
-R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .783
-(riables cannot be).25 F 2.946(reset. In)144 345.6 R F2 .447(posix mode)
-2.946 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
+2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 655.2 S
+.836(thout options, the name and v).4 F .835(alue of each shell v)-.25 F
+.835(ariable are displayed in a format that can be)-.25 F .784
+(reused as input for setting or resetting the currently-set v)144 667.2
+R 3.284(ariables. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)3.284 G .784
+(riables cannot be).25 F 2.947(reset. In)144 679.2 R F2 .447(posix mode)
+2.947 F F0 2.947(,o)C .447(nly shell v)-2.947 F .447
(ariables are listed.)-.25 F .447
-(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.531
-(locale. When)144 357.6 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.531 F
-3.531(ys)-.15 G 1.031(et or unset shell attrib)-3.531 F 3.53(utes. An)
--.2 F 3.53(ya)-.15 G -.18(rg)-3.53 G 1.03(uments remaining).18 F 1.623
-(after option processing are treated as v)144 369.6 R 1.624
+(The output is sorted according to the current)5.447 F 3.53
+(locale. When)144 691.2 R 1.031(options are speci\214ed, the)3.53 F
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+(commands to recreate the current)3.571 F
+(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
318 Q F1<ad70>
+144 330 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.071(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.821 E -.1
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378 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
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+(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 390 Q .695 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .395
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
-2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 702 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
-.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886
-F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 714 Q(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q
-(2010 April 17)145.955 E(62)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
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--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad74>144 84 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)
-30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 96 Q F0
--.35(Tr)28.74 G .043(eat unset v).35 F .044(ariables and parameters oth\
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-(error when performing parameter e)184 108 R 2.683(xpansion. If)-.15 F
--.15(ex)2.683 G .182(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25
-E .746(able or parameter)184 120 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
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+E -.15(ve)-.25 G .386(user id is not reset.)184 402 R -.45(Tu)5.386 G
+.386(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .387(auses the ef)-2.886
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+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 414 Q F1<ad74>144 426 Q F0
+(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15
+E F1<ad75>144 438 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\
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+-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 450 R 2.682
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+(able or parameter)184 462 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184
-132 Q F1<ad76>144 144 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya)
--.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 156 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315
-(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command)2.815
-F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E
-F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235
-(or arithmetic)184 168 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236
-(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)
--.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0
-(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 180 Q
+474 Q F1<ad76>144 486 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya)
+-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 498 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315
+(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)
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+-.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236
+(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)
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(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
-<ad42>144 192 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
+<ad42>144 534 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 204 Q
-(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 216 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E
-F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 546 Q
+(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 558 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E
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(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
-2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F
-3.054(tors. This)184 228 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
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+3.053(tors. This)184 570 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 240 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 252 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on)
--2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
-(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
-F .839(mands e)184 264 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
-F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 276 Q F1
-<ad48>144 288 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
-(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 300 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 312 Q F0 1.165
+.15 F(tor)184 582 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 594 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
+-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
+(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
+F .838(mands e)184 606 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 618 Q F1
+<ad48>144 630 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 642 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 654 Q F0 1.164
(If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164
-(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.164
-(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821
-(that change the current w)184 324 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
-(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 336 R(def)2.686
+(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165
+(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822
+(that change the current w)184 666 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
+(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 678 R(def)2.685
E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184
348 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-360 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184
690 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+702 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
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(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 384 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 396 Q
-F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 726 Q F0
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+(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 408 Q
-F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
-(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
-420 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
-(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G
-1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 432 R
-F1<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945
-(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)
-3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B
-(parameters remain unchanged.)184 444 Q .425(The options are of)144
-460.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 96 Q/F2
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+.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1<ad>144 108 Q F0 1.944
+(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g)
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+(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 120 R F1
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+(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
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+(parameters remain unchanged.)184 132 Q .425(The options are of)144
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(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 472.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 160.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 484.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
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+(current set of options may be found in)144 172.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 496.8 Q F1(shift)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 525.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
-.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
-.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 537.6 Q F1($#)2.583
-E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
-(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 549.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
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+(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 213.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
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+E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
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+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 237.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 561.6 R
-.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
-.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 573.6 Q F1(shopt)108 590.4 Q F0([)
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 249.6 R
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+.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 261.6 Q F1(shopt)108 278.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 602.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 290.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
(alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1
<ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\
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-144 626.4 Q F1<ad70>2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
-d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options)
-5.328 F(ha)144 638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 650.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
-E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 662.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
-(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 674.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
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+144 314.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
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+5.327 F(ha)144 326.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 338.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
+E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 350.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
+(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 362.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2
-(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 686.4 R .255
-(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256
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(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
-<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F
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-2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 710.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
+<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F
+(all)180 386.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
+2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 398.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0
-(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .128
-(If either)144 727.2 R F1<ad73>2.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F1<ad75>2.628 E F0
+(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127
+(If either)144 415.2 R F1<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1<ad75>2.627 E F0
.127(is used with no)2.627 F F2(optname)2.627 E F0(ar)2.627 E .127
-(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F
-(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 April 17)145.955 E(63)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
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--.35 E 1.023(are set or unset, respecti)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-6.023(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.023 F/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)3.524 E F0 1.024
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 96 Q(ault.)-.1 E
-1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 112.8 R
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544
-(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F .696
+(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024
+(are set or unset, respecti)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024
+(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0
+1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 439.2 Q(ault.)
+-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
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(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
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H .967(hell \(see).15 F F2(COMMENTS)3.467 E F0(abo)3.217 E -.15(ve)-.15
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-(rride the normal precedence of opera-).15 F(tors.)180 618 Q F3 -.2(ex)
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630 S(pr1).2 E F0<ad>2.5 E F1(a)A F3 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.35
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+E 2.5(2a)144 472.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .37(If the \214rst ar)
+180 484.8 R .37(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.87 E F0 2.87(,t)C .37(he e)-2.87
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+(gument is null.)-.18 F .379(If the \214rst ar)180 496.8 R .38
+(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F .68
+-.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CONDI-)2.88 E(TION)180 508.8 Q .553
+(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F4(,)A F0 .552(the e)2.802 F .552
+(xpression is true if the unary test is true.)-.15 F .552
+(If the \214rst ar)5.552 F(gu-)-.18 E(ment is not a v)180 520.8 Q
(alid unary conditional operator)-.25 E 2.5(,t)-.4 G(he e)-2.5 E
-(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 168 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .024(If the second ar)180 180 R .023
+(xpression is f)-.15 E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(3a)144 532.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G
+(uments).18 E .023(If the second ar)180 544.8 R .023
(gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed abo)-.18 F
-.323 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.523 E(DITION)180 192 Q 1.477
-(AL EXPRESSIONS)-.18 F F3(,)A F0 1.477(the result of the e)3.727 F 1.477
-(xpression is the result of the binary test)-.15 F .513
-(using the \214rst and third ar)180 204 R .513(guments as operands.)-.18
-F(The)5.513 E F1<ad61>3.013 E F0(and)3.013 E F1<ad6f>3.013 E F0 .512
-(operators are considered)3.013 F .972
-(binary operators when there are three ar)180 216 R 3.472(guments. If)
+.324 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2(CON-)2.524 E(DITION)180 556.8 Q
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+(using the \214rst and third ar)180 568.8 R .513(guments as operands.)
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+(binary operators when there are three ar)180 580.8 R 3.472(guments. If)
-.18 F .972(the \214rst ar)3.472 F .972(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.472 E F0
-3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .884(the ne)180 228 R
--.05(ga)-.15 G .884(tion of the tw).05 F(o-ar)-.1 E .884
-(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.383(guments. If)-.18
-F .883(the \214rst)3.383 F(ar)180 240 Q .874(gument is e)-.18 F(xactly)
--.15 E F1(\()3.374 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.374 F .875(gument is e)
--.18 F(xactly)-.15 E F1(\))3.375 E F0 3.375(,t)C .875
-(he result is the one-ar)-3.375 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar)
-180 252 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f)-.15
-E(alse.)-.1 E 2.5(4a)144 264 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .385
-(If the \214rst ar)180 276 R .385(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.885 E F0 2.885
-(,t)C .385(he result is the ne)-2.885 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .384
-(tion of the three-ar).05 F .384(gument e)-.18 F .384(xpression com-)
--.15 F 1.647(posed of the remaining ar)180 288 R 4.147
-(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F 1.647(the e)4.147 F 1.648
+3.472(,t)C .972(he v)-3.472 F .972(alue is)-.25 F .883(the ne)180 592.8
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+(gument test using the second and third ar)-.18 F 3.384(guments. If)-.18
+F .884(the \214rst)3.384 F(ar)180 604.8 Q .875(gument is e)-.18 F
+(xactly)-.15 E F1(\()3.375 E F0 .875(and the third ar)3.375 F .875
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+(he result is the one-ar)-3.374 F(gument)-.18 E(test of the second ar)
+180 616.8 Q 2.5(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F(the e)2.5 E(xpression is f)
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+(If the \214rst ar)180 640.8 R .384(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)2.884 E F0
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+(tion of the three-ar).05 F .385(gument e)-.18 F .385(xpression com-)
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(xpression is parsed and e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luated).25 E
-(according to precedence using the rules listed abo)180 300 Q -.15(ve)
--.15 G(.).15 E 2.5(5o)144 312 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(ore ar)-2.5 E(guments)-.18
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--.25 G 1.635(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F
-(abo)180 336 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E F1(times)108 352.8 Q F0 1.229(Pri\
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-(cuted when the shell recei).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.202(ss).15 G
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+(luated according to precedence using the rules listed).25 F(abo)180
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-(>, or a signal number)B 6.811(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.811 E
-(names are case insensiti)144 489.6 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E
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--.15(xe)-.15 G 1.649(cuted on e).15 F 1.648(xit from the shell.)-.15 F
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-(UG)-.09 E F3(,)A F0 1.167(the command)3.417 F F4(ar)3.997 E(g)-.37 E F0
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--.25 G(ry).15 E F4 1.168(simple command)3.667 F F0(,)A F4(for)3.668 E F0
-(command,)3.668 E F4(case)3.668 E F0(com-)3.668 E(mand,)144 531.6 Q F4
-(select)2.647 E F0 .147(command, e)2.647 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .147
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-(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.647 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .146
-(cutes in a).15 F .145(shell function \(see)144 543.6 R F2 .145
-(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.645 F F0(abo)2.395 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
-F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.646 E(ug)-.2 E F0
-.146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 555.6 Q F1(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2(bu)3.201
-G .7(iltin for details of its ef).2 F .7(fect on the)-.25 F F1(DEB)3.2 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E F4(sigspec)3.54 E F0(is)3.51 E
-F2(RETURN)3.2 E F3(,)A F0 .7(the com-)2.95 F(mand)144 567.6 Q F4(ar)
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+(>, or a signal number)B 6.81(.S)-.55 G(ignal)-6.81 E
+(names are case insensiti)144 192 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(nd the).15 E/F3
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+(cuted before e).15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(ry).15 E F2 1.167(simple command)
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+(com-)3.667 E(mand,)144 234 Q F2(select)2.646 E F0 .146(command, e)2.646
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+(command, and before the \214rst command e)2.646 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .147
+(cutes in a).15 F .146(shell function \(see)144 246 R F3 .146
+(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
+F .146(to the description of the)2.646 F F1(extdeb)2.645 E(ug)-.2 E F0
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--.15 G(cuting.).15 E .929(If a)144 597.6 R F4(sigspec)3.769 E F0(is)
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--.15(ve)-.25 G 3.429(ras).15 G .928(imple command has a non\255zero)
--3.429 F -.15(ex)144 609.6 S 1.008(it status, subject to the follo).15 F
-1.009(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F2(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009
-(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.009(cuted if the f).15 F 1.009
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+G(cuting.).15 E .928(If a)144 300 R F2(sigspec)3.768 E F0(is)3.738 E F3
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+G 3.429(ras).15 G .929(imple command has a non\255zero)-3.429 F -.15(ex)
+144 312 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F 1.009
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(ailed com-)-.1 F .324
-(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 621.6 R .324
+(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 324 R .324
(wing a)-.25 F F1(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F1(until)2.824 E F0 -.1
-(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F 1.128(in an)144
-633.6 R F4(if)3.639 E F0 1.129(statement, part of a command e)5.589 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G 1.129(cuted in a).15 F F1(&&)3.629 E F0(or)3.629 E/F5 10
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+(sr)-.55 G(eturn)-3.628 E -.25(va)144 348 S(lue is being in).25 E -.15
(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F1(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C
(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F1(err)2.5 E
(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095
(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
-663.6 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
-(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 675.6 R .662
-(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is)
--.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 687.6 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)
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(lid; otherwise).25 E F1(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F1(type)108
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-(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 716.4 S .174
-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F4(name)
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-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
-F1<ad74>144 728.4 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F1(type)3.342 E F0
-.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F4(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
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-(,).24 E F4 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F4
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--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)144.36 84 Q F0 .087
-(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F1
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-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 96 R .118(xit status of f)
--.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F/F2 10
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-(mand name, or nothing if)144 120 R/F3 10/Courier@0 SF .64(type -t name)
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-(search for each)144 132 R F1(name)2.613 E F0 2.613(,e)C -.15(ve)-2.863
-G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F3 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0 -.1(wo)2.613
-G .113(uld not return).1 F F1(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)
--5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F2<ad70>2.612 E F0(and)144 144
-Q F2<ad50>2.944 E F0 .444(print the hashed v)2.944 F .444
-(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F4
--.666(PA)2.945 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .445(If the)
-4.945 F F2<ad61>2.945 E F0(option)2.945 E .265(is used,)144 156 R F2
-(type)2.765 E F0 .265(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .265(cutable named).15 F F1(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18
-G .265(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .426
-(and functions, if and only if the)144 168 R F2<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426
-(option is not also used.)2.926 F .427
-(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .549(consulted when using)
-144 180 R F2<ad61>3.049 E F0 5.549(.T)C(he)-5.549 E F2<ad66>3.049 E F0
-.548(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.049 F F2
-(command)3.048 E F0 -.2(bu)144 192 S(iltin.).2 E F2(type)5 E F0
+406.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2
+(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 418.8 S .173
+(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F2(name)
+3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
+(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
+F1<ad74>144 430.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F1(type)3.343 E F0
+.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F2(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
+F2 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F2(function)3.343 E F0
+(,).24 E F2 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F2
+(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F2(name)144.36 442.8 Q F0 .086
+(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
+(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F2
+(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 454.8 R .118
+(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
+F1<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F1(type)2.618 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 466.8 R .855
+(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F2(name)3.715 E F0
+.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if)
+144 478.8 R/F6 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
+G .641(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E
+F1<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F3 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189
+E F0 .112(search for each)144 490.8 R F2(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
+(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F6 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0
+-.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F2(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
+.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F1<ad70>2.613 E
+F0(and)144 502.8 Q F1<ad50>2.945 E F0 .445(print the hashed v)2.945 F
+.444(alue, not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25 F F3
+-.666(PA)2.944 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .444(If the)4.944 F F1<ad61>2.944
+E F0(option)2.944 E .265(is used,)144 514.8 R F1(type)2.765 E F0 .265
+(prints all of the places that contain an e)2.765 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .265
+(cutable named).15 F F2(name)2.765 E F0 5.265(.T).18 G .265
+(his includes aliases)-5.265 F .427(and functions, if and only if the)
+144 526.8 R F1<ad70>2.926 E F0 .426(option is not also used.)2.926 F
+.426(The table of hashed commands is not)5.426 F .548
+(consulted when using)144 538.8 R F1<ad61>3.048 E F0 5.548(.T)C(he)
+-5.548 E F1<ad66>3.048 E F0 .549
+(option suppresses shell function lookup, as with the)3.048 F F1
+(command)3.049 E F0 -.2(bu)144 550.8 S(iltin.).2 E F1(type)5 E F0
(returns true if all of the ar)2.5 E(guments are found, f)-.18 E
-(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F2(ulimit)108 208.8
-Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F1
-(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 220.8 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.743(rt).15 G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
+(alse if an)-.1 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(re not found.)-2.5 E F1(ulimit)108 567.6
+Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F2
+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 579.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
+-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 232.8 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F2<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
+.943(that allo)144 591.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
+(The)5.943 E F1<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F1<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 244.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 603.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 256.8 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F2<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F2<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-268.8 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 615.6 R .425
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F1<ad48>2.926 E
+F0(nor)2.926 E F1<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
+(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
+627.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F2(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 280.8 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.741(of the special v)144 639.6 R(alues)-.25 E F1(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F1
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F1(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 292.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 651.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F2(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .49
9(resource is printed, unless the)144 304.8 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0
-.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498
+F .49
8(resource is printed, unless the)144 663.6 R F1<ad48>2.999 E F0
+.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 316.8 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
-<ad61>144 328.8 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2<ad62>144
-340.8 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
-F2<ad63>144 352.8 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
-F2<ad64>144 364.8 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
--.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 376.8 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 388.8 Q
-F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
-26.97 E F2<ad69>144 400.8 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
-27.52 E F2<ad6c>144 412.8 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 424.8 Q F0
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 675.6 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F1
+<ad61>144 687.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F1<ad62>144
+699.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
+F1<ad63>144 711.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
+(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E(68)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>144 84 Q F0
+(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E
+(gment)-.15 E F1<ad65>144 96 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F1<ad66>144 108 Q F0
+(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)26.97
+E F1<ad69>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)27.52 E F1
+<ad6c>144 132 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F1<ad6d>144 144 Q F0
(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 436.8 Q F0 .791(Th\
-e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 448.8 Q F2<ad70>144 460.8 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2
-<ad71>144 472.8 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F2<ad72>144
-484.8 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F2<ad73>144
-496.8 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2<ad74>144 508.8 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2<ad75>144 520.8 Q
-F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 532.8 Q F0 .47
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 156 Q F0 .791(The \
+maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
+24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
+168 Q F1<ad70>144 180 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F1
+<ad71>144 192 Q F0(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)
+24.74 E F1<ad72>144 204 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)
+25.86 E F1<ad73>144 216 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F1<ad74>144
+228 Q F0(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144
+240 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 252 Q F0 .47
(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
-544.8 Q F2<ad78>144 556.8 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E
-F2<ad54>144 568.8 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144
-585.6 Q F1(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343
-(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F
2<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
-(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .176(option is gi)
-144 597.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F2<ad66>2.676 E F0 .175
-(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F2
-<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 609.6
-Q F2<ad70>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.51
5 F F2<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
-A F2<ad62>2.516 E F0(,)A F2<ad6e>2.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F2
-<ad75>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E
-3.788(ues. The)144 621.6 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 264
+Q F1<ad78>144 276 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1
+<ad54>144 288 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 304.8 Q
+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
+(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F
1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
+(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi)
+144 316.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175
+(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1
+<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 328.8
+Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.51
6 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
+A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1
+<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E
+3.787(ues. The)144 340.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
-.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-633.6 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F2(umask)108 650.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
-<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 662.4 R F1(mode)2.7 E F0
-5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F1(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
+352.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 381.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 674.4 R F1 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-686.4 Q F1(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
-(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F
2<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
+pted by)144 393.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+405.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
+(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F
1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 698.4 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 417.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
-(he)-3.047 E F2<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F1
-(mode)144.38 710.4 Q F0 .551
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 722.4 Q
-(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F1(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
-(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E
-(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 April 17)145.955 E(68)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unalias)108 84 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0
-2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 96 Q
-1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)4.155 E F0 1.655
-(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E F1<ad61>4.155 E
-F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155 F(remo)144 108 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
+(mode)144.38 429.6 Q F0 .552
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 441.6 Q
+(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
+(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
+(unalias)108 458.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 470.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
+F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
+F(remo)144 482.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 124.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 136.8 S 3.106
-(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F2(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E
-.906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607
-(ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the)
-5.607 F F1<ad76>144 148.8 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.305(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
-2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304
-(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1<ad66>144 160.8 Q F0 .459
-(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F2(name)3.319 E F0 .459
-(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 172.8 R .903
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 499.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 511.2 S 3.107
+(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E
+.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607
+(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the)
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-523.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2
-E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E F2 -.11(BU)72 540 S
-(GS).11 E F0(It')108 552 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65
-(w.)-.25 G 1.868(There are some subtle dif)108 568.8 R 1.868
-(ferences between)-.25 F F3(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)
-4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F F3(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869
-(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 580.8 Q F0
-(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 597.6 Q
-(Shell b)108 614.4 Q
+223.2 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2
+E F1 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et@po.cwru.edu).15 E F0(.).25 E/F3 10.95/Times-Bold@0
+SF -.11(BU)72 240 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 252 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G
+(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.869
+(There are some subtle dif)108 268.8 R 1.869(ferences between)-.25 F F2
+(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F
+F2(sh)4.368 E F0 4.368(,m)C 1.868(ostly because of the)-4.368 F/F4 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 280.8 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E
+(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 297.6 Q(Shell b)108 314.4 Q
(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E
1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\
-re not handled gracefully when)108 631.2 R .389
-(process suspension is attempted.)108 643.2 R .389
-(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15
-G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.)
-108 655.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\
-ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F
-(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 667.2 Q(Array v)108 684 Q
-(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
-(There may be only one acti)108 700.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
-(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 April 17)145.955 E
-(70)195.945 E 0 Cg EP
+re not handled gracefully when)108 331.2 R .39
+(process suspension is attempted.)108 343.2 R .389
+(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.39 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G .389(cutes the ne).15 F .389(xt com-)-.15 F .192
+(mand in the sequence.)108 355.2 R .192(It suf)5.192 F .192(\214ces to \
+place the sequence of commands between parentheses to force it into a)
+-.25 F(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 367.2 Q(Array v)108
+384 Q(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
+(There may be only one acti)108 400.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
+(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash-4.1)72 768 Q(2010 May 30)147.345 E
+(71)197.335 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
@xrdef{Comments-snt}{Section@tie 3.1.3}
@xrdef{Shell Commands-title}{Shell Commands}
@xrdef{Shell Commands-snt}{Section@tie 3.2}
-@xrdef{Simple Commands-title}{Simple Commands}
-@xrdef{Simple Commands-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.1}
@xrdef{Locale Translation-pg}{7}
@xrdef{Comments-pg}{7}
-@xrdef{Shell Commands-pg}{7}
+@xrdef{Simple Commands-title}{Simple Commands}
+@xrdef{Simple Commands-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.1}
@xrdef{Pipelines-title}{Pipelines}
@xrdef{Pipelines-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.2}
-@xrdef{Lists-title}{Lists of Commands}
-@xrdef{Lists-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.3}
+@xrdef{Shell Commands-pg}{8}
@xrdef{Simple Commands-pg}{8}
@xrdef{Pipelines-pg}{8}
-@xrdef{Lists-pg}{8}
+@xrdef{Lists-title}{Lists of Commands}
+@xrdef{Lists-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.3}
@xrdef{Compound Commands-title}{Compound Commands}
@xrdef{Compound Commands-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.4}
@xrdef{Looping Constructs-title}{Looping Constructs}
@xrdef{Looping Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.4.1}
+@xrdef{Lists-pg}{9}
@xrdef{Compound Commands-pg}{9}
-@xrdef{Looping Constructs-pg}{9}
@xrdef{Conditional Constructs-title}{Conditional Constructs}
@xrdef{Conditional Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.4.2}
+@xrdef{Looping Constructs-pg}{10}
@xrdef{Conditional Constructs-pg}{10}
@xrdef{Command Grouping-title}{Grouping Commands}
@xrdef{Command Grouping-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.4.3}
+@xrdef{Command Grouping-pg}{13}
@xrdef{Coprocesses-title}{Coprocesses}
@xrdef{Coprocesses-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.5}
-@xrdef{Command Grouping-pg}{13}
+@xrdef{GNU Parallel-title}{GNU Parallel}
+@xrdef{GNU Parallel-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.6}
+@xrdef{Coprocesses-pg}{14}
+@xrdef{GNU Parallel-pg}{14}
@xrdef{Shell Functions-title}{Shell Functions}
@xrdef{Shell Functions-snt}{Section@tie 3.3}
-@xrdef{Coprocesses-pg}{14}
-@xrdef{Shell Functions-pg}{14}
+@xrdef{Shell Functions-pg}{15}
@xrdef{Shell Parameters-title}{Shell Parameters}
@xrdef{Shell Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4}
-@xrdef{Shell Parameters-pg}{15}
@xrdef{Positional Parameters-title}{Positional Parameters}
@xrdef{Positional Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.1}
@xrdef{Special Parameters-title}{Special Parameters}
@xrdef{Special Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.2}
-@xrdef{Positional Parameters-pg}{16}
-@xrdef{Special Parameters-pg}{16}
+@xrdef{Shell Parameters-pg}{17}
+@xrdef{Positional Parameters-pg}{17}
@xrdef{Shell Expansions-title}{Shell Expansions}
@xrdef{Shell Expansions-snt}{Section@tie 3.5}
-@xrdef{Shell Expansions-pg}{17}
+@xrdef{Special Parameters-pg}{18}
+@xrdef{Shell Expansions-pg}{18}
@xrdef{Brace Expansion-title}{Brace Expansion}
@xrdef{Brace Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.1}
+@xrdef{Brace Expansion-pg}{19}
@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-title}{Tilde Expansion}
@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.2}
-@xrdef{Brace Expansion-pg}{18}
+@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-pg}{20}
@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-title}{Shell Parameter Expansion}
@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.3}
-@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-pg}{19}
-@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-pg}{19}
+@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-pg}{21}
@xrdef{Command Substitution-title}{Command Substitution}
@xrdef{Command Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.4}
-@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{22}
@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-title}{Arithmetic Expansion}
@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.5}
@xrdef{Process Substitution-title}{Process Substitution}
@xrdef{Process Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.6}
@xrdef{Word Splitting-title}{Word Splitting}
@xrdef{Word Splitting-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.7}
-@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{23}
-@xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{23}
-@xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{23}
+@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{24}
+@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{24}
+@xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{24}
@xrdef{Filename Expansion-title}{Filename Expansion}
@xrdef{Filename Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8}
@xrdef{Pattern Matching-title}{Pattern Matching}
@xrdef{Pattern Matching-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8.1}
-@xrdef{Filename Expansion-pg}{24}
-@xrdef{Pattern Matching-pg}{24}
+@xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{25}
+@xrdef{Filename Expansion-pg}{25}
+@xrdef{Pattern Matching-pg}{26}
@xrdef{Quote Removal-title}{Quote Removal}
@xrdef{Quote Removal-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.9}
@xrdef{Redirections-title}{Redirections}
@xrdef{Redirections-snt}{Section@tie 3.6}
-@xrdef{Quote Removal-pg}{25}
-@xrdef{Redirections-pg}{26}
+@xrdef{Quote Removal-pg}{27}
+@xrdef{Redirections-pg}{27}
@xrdef{Executing Commands-title}{Executing Commands}
@xrdef{Executing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 3.7}
@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-title}{Simple Command Expansion}
@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.1}
-@xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{29}
-@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{29}
+@xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{30}
+@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{30}
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-title}{Command Search and Execution}
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.2}
+@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{31}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-title}{Command Execution Environment}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.3}
-@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{30}
-@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{30}
+@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{32}
@xrdef{Environment-title}{Environment}
@xrdef{Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.4}
-@xrdef{Environment-pg}{31}
@xrdef{Exit Status-title}{Exit Status}
@xrdef{Exit Status-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.5}
+@xrdef{Environment-pg}{33}
+@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{33}
@xrdef{Signals-title}{Signals}
@xrdef{Signals-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.6}
-@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{32}
-@xrdef{Signals-pg}{32}
@xrdef{Shell Scripts-title}{Shell Scripts}
@xrdef{Shell Scripts-snt}{Section@tie 3.8}
-@xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{33}
+@xrdef{Signals-pg}{34}
+@xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{34}
@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-title}{Shell Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-snt}{Chapter@tie 4}
@xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-title}{Bourne Shell Builtins}
@xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.1}
-@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-pg}{35}
-@xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-pg}{35}
+@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-pg}{37}
+@xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-pg}{37}
@xrdef{Bash Builtins-title}{Bash Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Bash Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.2}
-@xrdef{Bash Builtins-pg}{41}
+@xrdef{Bash Builtins-pg}{43}
@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-title}{Modifying Shell Behavior}
@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 4.3}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-title}{The Set Builtin}
@xrdef{The Set Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.1}
-@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{51}
-@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{51}
+@xrdef{Modifying Shell Behavior-pg}{53}
+@xrdef{The Set Builtin-pg}{53}
@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-title}{The Shopt Builtin}
@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-snt}{Section@tie 4.3.2}
-@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{55}
+@xrdef{The Shopt Builtin-pg}{57}
@xrdef{Special Builtins-title}{Special Builtins}
@xrdef{Special Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 4.4}
-@xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{59}
+@xrdef{Special Builtins-pg}{62}
@xrdef{Shell Variables-title}{Shell Variables}
@xrdef{Shell Variables-snt}{Chapter@tie 5}
@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-title}{Bourne Shell Variables}
@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-snt}{Section@tie 5.1}
@xrdef{Bash Variables-title}{Bash Variables}
@xrdef{Bash Variables-snt}{Section@tie 5.2}
-@xrdef{Shell Variables-pg}{61}
-@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-pg}{61}
-@xrdef{Bash Variables-pg}{61}
+@xrdef{Shell Variables-pg}{63}
+@xrdef{Bourne Shell Variables-pg}{63}
+@xrdef{Bash Variables-pg}{63}
@xrdef{Bash Features-title}{Bash Features}
@xrdef{Bash Features-snt}{Chapter@tie 6}
@xrdef{Invoking Bash-title}{Invoking Bash}
@xrdef{Invoking Bash-snt}{Section@tie 6.1}
-@xrdef{Bash Features-pg}{71}
-@xrdef{Invoking Bash-pg}{71}
+@xrdef{Bash Features-pg}{73}
+@xrdef{Invoking Bash-pg}{73}
@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-title}{Bash Startup Files}
@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-snt}{Section@tie 6.2}
-@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-pg}{73}
+@xrdef{Bash Startup Files-pg}{75}
@xrdef{Interactive Shells-title}{Interactive Shells}
@xrdef{Interactive Shells-snt}{Section@tie 6.3}
@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-title}{What is an Interactive Shell?}
@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.1}
-@xrdef{Interactive Shells-pg}{74}
+@xrdef{Interactive Shells-pg}{76}
@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-title}{Is this Shell Interactive?}
@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.2}
@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-title}{Interactive Shell Behavior}
@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-snt}{Section@tie 6.3.3}
-@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-pg}{75}
-@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-pg}{75}
-@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-pg}{75}
+@xrdef{What is an Interactive Shell?-pg}{77}
+@xrdef{Is this Shell Interactive?-pg}{77}
+@xrdef{Interactive Shell Behavior-pg}{77}
@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-title}{Bash Conditional Expressions}
@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-snt}{Section@tie 6.4}
-@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-pg}{76}
+@xrdef{Bash Conditional Expressions-pg}{78}
@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-title}{Shell Arithmetic}
@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-snt}{Section@tie 6.5}
-@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-pg}{78}
+@xrdef{Shell Arithmetic-pg}{80}
@xrdef{Aliases-title}{Aliases}
@xrdef{Aliases-snt}{Section@tie 6.6}
-@xrdef{Aliases-pg}{79}
+@xrdef{Aliases-pg}{81}
@xrdef{Arrays-title}{Arrays}
@xrdef{Arrays-snt}{Section@tie 6.7}
-@xrdef{Arrays-pg}{80}
+@xrdef{Arrays-pg}{82}
@xrdef{The Directory Stack-title}{The Directory Stack}
@xrdef{The Directory Stack-snt}{Section@tie 6.8}
@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-title}{Directory Stack Builtins}
@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 6.8.1}
-@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{81}
-@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{81}
+@xrdef{The Directory Stack-pg}{83}
+@xrdef{Directory Stack Builtins-pg}{83}
@xrdef{Printing a Prompt-title}{Controlling the Prompt}
@xrdef{Printing a Prompt-snt}{Section@tie 6.9}
-@xrdef{Printing a Prompt-pg}{82}
+@xrdef{Printing a Prompt-pg}{84}
@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-title}{The Restricted Shell}
@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-snt}{Section@tie 6.10}
@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-title}{Bash POSIX Mode}
@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-snt}{Section@tie 6.11}
-@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{84}
-@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{84}
+@xrdef{The Restricted Shell-pg}{86}
+@xrdef{Bash POSIX Mode-pg}{86}
@xrdef{Job Control-title}{Job Control}
@xrdef{Job Control-snt}{Chapter@tie 7}
@xrdef{Job Control Basics-title}{Job Control Basics}
@xrdef{Job Control Basics-snt}{Section@tie 7.1}
-@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{89}
-@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{89}
+@xrdef{Job Control-pg}{91}
+@xrdef{Job Control Basics-pg}{91}
@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-title}{Job Control Builtins}
@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 7.2}
-@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{90}
+@xrdef{Job Control Builtins-pg}{92}
@xrdef{Job Control Variables-title}{Job Control Variables}
@xrdef{Job Control Variables-snt}{Section@tie 7.3}
-@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{92}
+@xrdef{Job Control Variables-pg}{94}
@xrdef{Command Line Editing-title}{Command Line Editing}
@xrdef{Command Line Editing-snt}{Chapter@tie 8}
@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-title}{Introduction to Line Editing}
@xrdef{Readline Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 8.2}
@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-title}{Readline Bare Essentials}
@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.1}
-@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{93}
-@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{93}
-@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{93}
+@xrdef{Command Line Editing-pg}{95}
+@xrdef{Introduction and Notation-pg}{95}
+@xrdef{Readline Interaction-pg}{95}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-title}{Readline Movement Commands}
@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.2}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-title}{Readline Killing Commands}
@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.3}
-@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{94}
-@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{94}
+@xrdef{Readline Bare Essentials-pg}{96}
+@xrdef{Readline Movement Commands-pg}{96}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-title}{Readline Arguments}
@xrdef{Readline Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.4}
@xrdef{Searching-title}{Searching for Commands in the History}
@xrdef{Searching-snt}{Section@tie 8.2.5}
-@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{95}
-@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{95}
-@xrdef{Searching-pg}{95}
+@xrdef{Readline Killing Commands-pg}{97}
+@xrdef{Readline Arguments-pg}{97}
+@xrdef{Searching-pg}{97}
@xrdef{Readline Init File-title}{Readline Init File}
@xrdef{Readline Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3}
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-title}{Readline Init File Syntax}
@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.1}
-@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{96}
-@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{96}
+@xrdef{Readline Init File-pg}{98}
+@xrdef{Readline Init File Syntax-pg}{98}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-title}{Conditional Init Constructs}
@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.2}
-@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{102}
+@xrdef{Conditional Init Constructs-pg}{104}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-title}{Sample Init File}
@xrdef{Sample Init File-snt}{Section@tie 8.3.3}
-@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{103}
+@xrdef{Sample Init File-pg}{105}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-title}{Bindable Readline Commands}
@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-title}{Commands For Moving}
@xrdef{Commands For Moving-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.1}
@xrdef{Commands For History-title}{Commands For Manipulating The History}
@xrdef{Commands For History-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.2}
-@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{106}
-@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{106}
-@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{107}
+@xrdef{Bindable Readline Commands-pg}{108}
+@xrdef{Commands For Moving-pg}{108}
+@xrdef{Commands For History-pg}{109}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-title}{Commands For Changing Text}
@xrdef{Commands For Text-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.3}
-@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{108}
+@xrdef{Commands For Text-pg}{110}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-title}{Killing And Yanking}
@xrdef{Commands For Killing-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.4}
-@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{109}
+@xrdef{Commands For Killing-pg}{111}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-title}{Specifying Numeric Arguments}
@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.5}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-title}{Letting Readline Type For You}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.6}
-@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{110}
-@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{110}
+@xrdef{Numeric Arguments-pg}{112}
+@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{112}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-title}{Keyboard Macros}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.7}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-title}{Some Miscellaneous Commands}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.8}
-@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{112}
-@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{112}
+@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{114}
+@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{114}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-title}{Readline vi Mode}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-snt}{Section@tie 8.5}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion-title}{Programmable Completion}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion-snt}{Section@tie 8.6}
-@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{115}
-@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{115}
+@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-pg}{117}
+@xrdef{Programmable Completion-pg}{117}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-title}{Programmable Completion Builtins}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 8.7}
-@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{117}
+@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{119}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-title}{Using History Interactively}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-snt}{Chapter@tie 9}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-title}{Bash History Facilities}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-snt}{Section@tie 9.1}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-title}{Bash History Builtins}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 9.2}
-@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{121}
-@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{121}
-@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{121}
+@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{123}
+@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{123}
+@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{123}
@xrdef{History Interaction-title}{History Expansion}
@xrdef{History Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 9.3}
@xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators}
@xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1}
-@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{123}
-@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{123}
+@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{125}
+@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{125}
@xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators}
@xrdef{Word Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.2}
-@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{124}
+@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{126}
@xrdef{Modifiers-title}{Modifiers}
@xrdef{Modifiers-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.3}
-@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{125}
+@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{127}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-title}{Installing Bash}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-snt}{Chapter@tie 10}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-title}{Basic Installation}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2}
-@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{127}
-@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{127}
+@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{129}
+@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{129}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3}
@xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names}
@xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5}
-@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{128}
-@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{128}
-@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{128}
-@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{128}
+@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{130}
+@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{130}
+@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{130}
+@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{130}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-snt}{Section@tie 10.6}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-title}{Operation Controls}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7}
@xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features}
@xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8}
-@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{129}
-@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{129}
-@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{129}
+@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{131}
+@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{131}
+@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{131}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}}
-@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{135}
+@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{137}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}}
-@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{137}
+@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{139}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}}
-@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{143}
+@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{145}
@xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes}
@xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1}
-@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{151}
-@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{151}
+@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{153}
+@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{153}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2}
@xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index}
@xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3}
-@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{152}
-@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{152}
+@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{154}
+@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{154}
@xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index}
@xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4}
-@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{154}
+@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{156}
@xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index}
@xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5}
-@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{156}
+@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{158}
-\entry{:}{35}{\code {:}}
-\entry{.}{35}{\code {.}}
-\entry{break}{35}{\code {break}}
-\entry{cd}{36}{\code {cd}}
-\entry{continue}{36}{\code {continue}}
-\entry{eval}{36}{\code {eval}}
-\entry{exec}{36}{\code {exec}}
-\entry{exit}{36}{\code {exit}}
-\entry{export}{36}{\code {export}}
-\entry{getopts}{37}{\code {getopts}}
-\entry{hash}{37}{\code {hash}}
-\entry{pwd}{38}{\code {pwd}}
-\entry{readonly}{38}{\code {readonly}}
-\entry{return}{38}{\code {return}}
-\entry{shift}{38}{\code {shift}}
-\entry{test}{39}{\code {test}}
-\entry{[}{39}{\code {[}}
-\entry{times}{40}{\code {times}}
-\entry{trap}{40}{\code {trap}}
-\entry{umask}{41}{\code {umask}}
-\entry{unset}{41}{\code {unset}}
-\entry{alias}{41}{\code {alias}}
-\entry{bind}{41}{\code {bind}}
-\entry{builtin}{43}{\code {builtin}}
-\entry{caller}{43}{\code {caller}}
-\entry{command}{43}{\code {command}}
-\entry{declare}{43}{\code {declare}}
-\entry{echo}{45}{\code {echo}}
-\entry{enable}{45}{\code {enable}}
-\entry{help}{46}{\code {help}}
-\entry{let}{46}{\code {let}}
-\entry{local}{46}{\code {local}}
-\entry{logout}{46}{\code {logout}}
-\entry{mapfile}{46}{\code {mapfile}}
-\entry{printf}{47}{\code {printf}}
-\entry{read}{47}{\code {read}}
-\entry{readarray}{49}{\code {readarray}}
-\entry{source}{49}{\code {source}}
-\entry{type}{49}{\code {type}}
-\entry{typeset}{49}{\code {typeset}}
-\entry{ulimit}{50}{\code {ulimit}}
-\entry{unalias}{51}{\code {unalias}}
-\entry{set}{51}{\code {set}}
-\entry{shopt}{55}{\code {shopt}}
-\entry{dirs}{81}{\code {dirs}}
-\entry{popd}{82}{\code {popd}}
-\entry{pushd}{82}{\code {pushd}}
-\entry{bg}{90}{\code {bg}}
-\entry{fg}{90}{\code {fg}}
-\entry{jobs}{90}{\code {jobs}}
-\entry{kill}{91}{\code {kill}}
-\entry{wait}{91}{\code {wait}}
-\entry{disown}{91}{\code {disown}}
-\entry{suspend}{91}{\code {suspend}}
-\entry{compgen}{117}{\code {compgen}}
-\entry{complete}{117}{\code {complete}}
-\entry{compopt}{120}{\code {compopt}}
-\entry{fc}{121}{\code {fc}}
-\entry{history}{122}{\code {history}}
+\entry{:}{37}{\code {:}}
+\entry{.}{37}{\code {.}}
+\entry{break}{37}{\code {break}}
+\entry{cd}{38}{\code {cd}}
+\entry{continue}{38}{\code {continue}}
+\entry{eval}{38}{\code {eval}}
+\entry{exec}{38}{\code {exec}}
+\entry{exit}{38}{\code {exit}}
+\entry{export}{38}{\code {export}}
+\entry{getopts}{39}{\code {getopts}}
+\entry{hash}{39}{\code {hash}}
+\entry{pwd}{40}{\code {pwd}}
+\entry{readonly}{40}{\code {readonly}}
+\entry{return}{40}{\code {return}}
+\entry{shift}{40}{\code {shift}}
+\entry{test}{41}{\code {test}}
+\entry{[}{41}{\code {[}}
+\entry{times}{42}{\code {times}}
+\entry{trap}{42}{\code {trap}}
+\entry{umask}{43}{\code {umask}}
+\entry{unset}{43}{\code {unset}}
+\entry{alias}{43}{\code {alias}}
+\entry{bind}{43}{\code {bind}}
+\entry{builtin}{45}{\code {builtin}}
+\entry{caller}{45}{\code {caller}}
+\entry{command}{45}{\code {command}}
+\entry{declare}{45}{\code {declare}}
+\entry{echo}{47}{\code {echo}}
+\entry{enable}{47}{\code {enable}}
+\entry{help}{48}{\code {help}}
+\entry{let}{48}{\code {let}}
+\entry{local}{48}{\code {local}}
+\entry{logout}{48}{\code {logout}}
+\entry{mapfile}{49}{\code {mapfile}}
+\entry{printf}{49}{\code {printf}}
+\entry{read}{50}{\code {read}}
+\entry{readarray}{51}{\code {readarray}}
+\entry{source}{51}{\code {source}}
+\entry{type}{51}{\code {type}}
+\entry{typeset}{52}{\code {typeset}}
+\entry{ulimit}{52}{\code {ulimit}}
+\entry{unalias}{53}{\code {unalias}}
+\entry{set}{53}{\code {set}}
+\entry{shopt}{57}{\code {shopt}}
+\entry{dirs}{83}{\code {dirs}}
+\entry{popd}{84}{\code {popd}}
+\entry{pushd}{84}{\code {pushd}}
+\entry{bg}{92}{\code {bg}}
+\entry{fg}{92}{\code {fg}}
+\entry{jobs}{92}{\code {jobs}}
+\entry{kill}{93}{\code {kill}}
+\entry{wait}{93}{\code {wait}}
+\entry{disown}{93}{\code {disown}}
+\entry{suspend}{93}{\code {suspend}}
+\entry{compgen}{119}{\code {compgen}}
+\entry{complete}{119}{\code {complete}}
+\entry{compopt}{122}{\code {compopt}}
+\entry{fc}{123}{\code {fc}}
+\entry{history}{124}{\code {history}}
\initial {.}
-\entry {\code {.}}{35}
+\entry {\code {.}}{37}
\initial {:}
-\entry {\code {:}}{35}
+\entry {\code {:}}{37}
\initial {[}
-\entry {\code {[}}{39}
+\entry {\code {[}}{41}
\initial {A}
-\entry {\code {alias}}{41}
+\entry {\code {alias}}{43}
\initial {B}
-\entry {\code {bg}}{90}
-\entry {\code {bind}}{41}
-\entry {\code {break}}{35}
-\entry {\code {builtin}}{43}
+\entry {\code {bg}}{92}
+\entry {\code {bind}}{43}
+\entry {\code {break}}{37}
+\entry {\code {builtin}}{45}
\initial {C}
-\entry {\code {caller}}{43}
-\entry {\code {cd}}{36}
-\entry {\code {command}}{43}
-\entry {\code {compgen}}{117}
-\entry {\code {complete}}{117}
-\entry {\code {compopt}}{120}
-\entry {\code {continue}}{36}
+\entry {\code {caller}}{45}
+\entry {\code {cd}}{38}
+\entry {\code {command}}{45}
+\entry {\code {compgen}}{119}
+\entry {\code {complete}}{119}
+\entry {\code {compopt}}{122}
+\entry {\code {continue}}{38}
\initial {D}
-\entry {\code {declare}}{43}
-\entry {\code {dirs}}{81}
-\entry {\code {disown}}{91}
+\entry {\code {declare}}{45}
+\entry {\code {dirs}}{83}
+\entry {\code {disown}}{93}
\initial {E}
-\entry {\code {echo}}{45}
-\entry {\code {enable}}{45}
-\entry {\code {eval}}{36}
-\entry {\code {exec}}{36}
-\entry {\code {exit}}{36}
-\entry {\code {export}}{36}
+\entry {\code {echo}}{47}
+\entry {\code {enable}}{47}
+\entry {\code {eval}}{38}
+\entry {\code {exec}}{38}
+\entry {\code {exit}}{38}
+\entry {\code {export}}{38}
\initial {F}
-\entry {\code {fc}}{121}
-\entry {\code {fg}}{90}
+\entry {\code {fc}}{123}
+\entry {\code {fg}}{92}
\initial {G}
-\entry {\code {getopts}}{37}
+\entry {\code {getopts}}{39}
\initial {H}
-\entry {\code {hash}}{37}
-\entry {\code {help}}{46}
-\entry {\code {history}}{122}
+\entry {\code {hash}}{39}
+\entry {\code {help}}{48}
+\entry {\code {history}}{124}
\initial {J}
-\entry {\code {jobs}}{90}
+\entry {\code {jobs}}{92}
\initial {K}
-\entry {\code {kill}}{91}
+\entry {\code {kill}}{93}
\initial {L}
-\entry {\code {let}}{46}
-\entry {\code {local}}{46}
-\entry {\code {logout}}{46}
+\entry {\code {let}}{48}
+\entry {\code {local}}{48}
+\entry {\code {logout}}{48}
\initial {M}
-\entry {\code {mapfile}}{46}
+\entry {\code {mapfile}}{49}
\initial {P}
-\entry {\code {popd}}{82}
-\entry {\code {printf}}{47}
-\entry {\code {pushd}}{82}
-\entry {\code {pwd}}{38}
+\entry {\code {popd}}{84}
+\entry {\code {printf}}{49}
+\entry {\code {pushd}}{84}
+\entry {\code {pwd}}{40}
\initial {R}
-\entry {\code {read}}{47}
-\entry {\code {readarray}}{49}
-\entry {\code {readonly}}{38}
-\entry {\code {return}}{38}
+\entry {\code {read}}{50}
+\entry {\code {readarray}}{51}
+\entry {\code {readonly}}{40}
+\entry {\code {return}}{40}
\initial {S}
-\entry {\code {set}}{51}
-\entry {\code {shift}}{38}
-\entry {\code {shopt}}{55}
-\entry {\code {source}}{49}
-\entry {\code {suspend}}{91}
+\entry {\code {set}}{53}
+\entry {\code {shift}}{40}
+\entry {\code {shopt}}{57}
+\entry {\code {source}}{51}
+\entry {\code {suspend}}{93}
\initial {T}
-\entry {\code {test}}{39}
-\entry {\code {times}}{40}
-\entry {\code {trap}}{40}
-\entry {\code {type}}{49}
-\entry {\code {typeset}}{49}
+\entry {\code {test}}{41}
+\entry {\code {times}}{42}
+\entry {\code {trap}}{42}
+\entry {\code {type}}{51}
+\entry {\code {typeset}}{52}
\initial {U}
-\entry {\code {ulimit}}{50}
-\entry {\code {umask}}{41}
-\entry {\code {unalias}}{51}
-\entry {\code {unset}}{41}
+\entry {\code {ulimit}}{52}
+\entry {\code {umask}}{43}
+\entry {\code {unalias}}{53}
+\entry {\code {unset}}{43}
\initial {W}
-\entry {\code {wait}}{91}
+\entry {\code {wait}}{93}
\entry{native languages}{7}{native languages}
\entry{translation, native languages}{7}{translation, native languages}
\entry{comments, shell}{7}{comments, shell}
-\entry{commands, shell}{7}{commands, shell}
+\entry{commands, shell}{8}{commands, shell}
\entry{commands, simple}{8}{commands, simple}
\entry{pipeline}{8}{pipeline}
\entry{commands, pipelines}{8}{commands, pipelines}
\entry{command timing}{8}{command timing}
-\entry{commands, lists}{8}{commands, lists}
+\entry{commands, lists}{9}{commands, lists}
\entry{commands, compound}{9}{commands, compound}
-\entry{commands, looping}{9}{commands, looping}
+\entry{commands, looping}{10}{commands, looping}
\entry{commands, conditional}{10}{commands, conditional}
\entry{commands, grouping}{13}{commands, grouping}
\entry{coprocess}{14}{coprocess}
-\entry{shell function}{14}{shell function}
-\entry{functions, shell}{14}{functions, shell}
-\entry{parameters}{15}{parameters}
-\entry{variable, shell}{15}{variable, shell}
-\entry{shell variable}{15}{shell variable}
-\entry{parameters, positional}{16}{parameters, positional}
-\entry{parameters, special}{16}{parameters, special}
-\entry{expansion}{17}{expansion}
-\entry{brace expansion}{18}{brace expansion}
-\entry{expansion, brace}{18}{expansion, brace}
-\entry{tilde expansion}{19}{tilde expansion}
-\entry{expansion, tilde}{19}{expansion, tilde}
-\entry{parameter expansion}{19}{parameter expansion}
-\entry{expansion, parameter}{19}{expansion, parameter}
-\entry{command substitution}{22}{command substitution}
-\entry{expansion, arithmetic}{23}{expansion, arithmetic}
-\entry{arithmetic expansion}{23}{arithmetic expansion}
-\entry{process substitution}{23}{process substitution}
-\entry{word splitting}{23}{word splitting}
-\entry{expansion, filename}{24}{expansion, filename}
-\entry{expansion, pathname}{24}{expansion, pathname}
-\entry{filename expansion}{24}{filename expansion}
-\entry{pathname expansion}{24}{pathname expansion}
-\entry{pattern matching}{24}{pattern matching}
-\entry{matching, pattern}{24}{matching, pattern}
-\entry{redirection}{26}{redirection}
-\entry{command expansion}{29}{command expansion}
-\entry{command execution}{30}{command execution}
-\entry{command search}{30}{command search}
-\entry{execution environment}{30}{execution environment}
-\entry{environment}{31}{environment}
-\entry{exit status}{32}{exit status}
-\entry{signal handling}{32}{signal handling}
-\entry{shell script}{33}{shell script}
-\entry{special builtin}{59}{special builtin}
-\entry{login shell}{73}{login shell}
-\entry{interactive shell}{73}{interactive shell}
-\entry{startup files}{73}{startup files}
-\entry{interactive shell}{74}{interactive shell}
-\entry{shell, interactive}{74}{shell, interactive}
-\entry{expressions, conditional}{76}{expressions, conditional}
-\entry{arithmetic, shell}{78}{arithmetic, shell}
-\entry{shell arithmetic}{78}{shell arithmetic}
-\entry{expressions, arithmetic}{78}{expressions, arithmetic}
-\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{78}{evaluation, arithmetic}
-\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{78}{arithmetic evaluation}
-\entry{alias expansion}{79}{alias expansion}
-\entry{arrays}{80}{arrays}
-\entry{directory stack}{81}{directory stack}
-\entry{prompting}{82}{prompting}
-\entry{restricted shell}{84}{restricted shell}
-\entry{POSIX Mode}{84}{POSIX Mode}
-\entry{job control}{89}{job control}
-\entry{foreground}{89}{foreground}
-\entry{background}{89}{background}
-\entry{suspending jobs}{89}{suspending jobs}
-\entry{Readline, how to use}{92}{Readline, how to use}
-\entry{interaction, readline}{93}{interaction, readline}
-\entry{notation, readline}{94}{notation, readline}
-\entry{command editing}{94}{command editing}
-\entry{editing command lines}{94}{editing command lines}
-\entry{killing text}{95}{killing text}
-\entry{yanking text}{95}{yanking text}
-\entry{kill ring}{95}{kill ring}
-\entry{initialization file, readline}{96}{initialization file, readline}
-\entry{variables, readline}{97}{variables, readline}
-\entry{programmable completion}{115}{programmable completion}
-\entry{completion builtins}{117}{completion builtins}
-\entry{History, how to use}{120}{History, how to use}
-\entry{command history}{121}{command history}
-\entry{history list}{121}{history list}
-\entry{history builtins}{121}{history builtins}
-\entry{history expansion}{123}{history expansion}
-\entry{event designators}{123}{event designators}
-\entry{history events}{123}{history events}
-\entry{installation}{127}{installation}
-\entry{configuration}{127}{configuration}
-\entry{Bash installation}{127}{Bash installation}
-\entry{Bash configuration}{127}{Bash configuration}
+\entry{shell function}{15}{shell function}
+\entry{functions, shell}{15}{functions, shell}
+\entry{parameters}{17}{parameters}
+\entry{variable, shell}{17}{variable, shell}
+\entry{shell variable}{17}{shell variable}
+\entry{parameters, positional}{17}{parameters, positional}
+\entry{parameters, special}{18}{parameters, special}
+\entry{expansion}{18}{expansion}
+\entry{brace expansion}{19}{brace expansion}
+\entry{expansion, brace}{19}{expansion, brace}
+\entry{tilde expansion}{20}{tilde expansion}
+\entry{expansion, tilde}{20}{expansion, tilde}
+\entry{parameter expansion}{21}{parameter expansion}
+\entry{expansion, parameter}{21}{expansion, parameter}
+\entry{command substitution}{24}{command substitution}
+\entry{expansion, arithmetic}{24}{expansion, arithmetic}
+\entry{arithmetic expansion}{24}{arithmetic expansion}
+\entry{process substitution}{24}{process substitution}
+\entry{word splitting}{25}{word splitting}
+\entry{expansion, filename}{25}{expansion, filename}
+\entry{expansion, pathname}{25}{expansion, pathname}
+\entry{filename expansion}{25}{filename expansion}
+\entry{pathname expansion}{25}{pathname expansion}
+\entry{pattern matching}{26}{pattern matching}
+\entry{matching, pattern}{26}{matching, pattern}
+\entry{redirection}{27}{redirection}
+\entry{command expansion}{30}{command expansion}
+\entry{command execution}{31}{command execution}
+\entry{command search}{31}{command search}
+\entry{execution environment}{32}{execution environment}
+\entry{environment}{33}{environment}
+\entry{exit status}{33}{exit status}
+\entry{signal handling}{34}{signal handling}
+\entry{shell script}{34}{shell script}
+\entry{special builtin}{62}{special builtin}
+\entry{login shell}{75}{login shell}
+\entry{interactive shell}{75}{interactive shell}
+\entry{startup files}{75}{startup files}
+\entry{interactive shell}{76}{interactive shell}
+\entry{shell, interactive}{76}{shell, interactive}
+\entry{expressions, conditional}{78}{expressions, conditional}
+\entry{arithmetic, shell}{80}{arithmetic, shell}
+\entry{shell arithmetic}{80}{shell arithmetic}
+\entry{expressions, arithmetic}{80}{expressions, arithmetic}
+\entry{evaluation, arithmetic}{80}{evaluation, arithmetic}
+\entry{arithmetic evaluation}{80}{arithmetic evaluation}
+\entry{alias expansion}{81}{alias expansion}
+\entry{arrays}{82}{arrays}
+\entry{directory stack}{83}{directory stack}
+\entry{prompting}{84}{prompting}
+\entry{restricted shell}{86}{restricted shell}
+\entry{POSIX Mode}{86}{POSIX Mode}
+\entry{job control}{91}{job control}
+\entry{foreground}{91}{foreground}
+\entry{background}{91}{background}
+\entry{suspending jobs}{91}{suspending jobs}
+\entry{Readline, how to use}{94}{Readline, how to use}
+\entry{interaction, readline}{95}{interaction, readline}
+\entry{notation, readline}{96}{notation, readline}
+\entry{command editing}{96}{command editing}
+\entry{editing command lines}{96}{editing command lines}
+\entry{killing text}{97}{killing text}
+\entry{yanking text}{97}{yanking text}
+\entry{kill ring}{97}{kill ring}
+\entry{initialization file, readline}{98}{initialization file, readline}
+\entry{variables, readline}{99}{variables, readline}
+\entry{programmable completion}{117}{programmable completion}
+\entry{completion builtins}{119}{completion builtins}
+\entry{History, how to use}{122}{History, how to use}
+\entry{command history}{123}{command history}
+\entry{history list}{123}{history list}
+\entry{history builtins}{123}{history builtins}
+\entry{history expansion}{125}{history expansion}
+\entry{event designators}{125}{event designators}
+\entry{history events}{125}{history events}
+\entry{installation}{129}{installation}
+\entry{configuration}{129}{configuration}
+\entry{Bash installation}{129}{Bash installation}
+\entry{Bash configuration}{129}{Bash configuration}
\initial {A}
-\entry {alias expansion}{79}
-\entry {arithmetic evaluation}{78}
-\entry {arithmetic expansion}{23}
-\entry {arithmetic, shell}{78}
-\entry {arrays}{80}
+\entry {alias expansion}{81}
+\entry {arithmetic evaluation}{80}
+\entry {arithmetic expansion}{24}
+\entry {arithmetic, shell}{80}
+\entry {arrays}{82}
\initial {B}
-\entry {background}{89}
-\entry {Bash configuration}{127}
-\entry {Bash installation}{127}
+\entry {background}{91}
+\entry {Bash configuration}{129}
+\entry {Bash installation}{129}
\entry {Bourne shell}{5}
-\entry {brace expansion}{18}
+\entry {brace expansion}{19}
\entry {builtin}{3}
\initial {C}
-\entry {command editing}{94}
-\entry {command execution}{30}
-\entry {command expansion}{29}
-\entry {command history}{121}
-\entry {command search}{30}
-\entry {command substitution}{22}
+\entry {command editing}{96}
+\entry {command execution}{31}
+\entry {command expansion}{30}
+\entry {command history}{123}
+\entry {command search}{31}
+\entry {command substitution}{24}
\entry {command timing}{8}
\entry {commands, compound}{9}
\entry {commands, conditional}{10}
\entry {commands, grouping}{13}
-\entry {commands, lists}{8}
-\entry {commands, looping}{9}
+\entry {commands, lists}{9}
+\entry {commands, looping}{10}
\entry {commands, pipelines}{8}
-\entry {commands, shell}{7}
+\entry {commands, shell}{8}
\entry {commands, simple}{8}
\entry {comments, shell}{7}
-\entry {completion builtins}{117}
-\entry {configuration}{127}
+\entry {completion builtins}{119}
+\entry {configuration}{129}
\entry {control operator}{3}
\entry {coprocess}{14}
\initial {D}
-\entry {directory stack}{81}
+\entry {directory stack}{83}
\initial {E}
-\entry {editing command lines}{94}
-\entry {environment}{31}
-\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{78}
-\entry {event designators}{123}
-\entry {execution environment}{30}
-\entry {exit status}{3, 32}
-\entry {expansion}{17}
-\entry {expansion, arithmetic}{23}
-\entry {expansion, brace}{18}
-\entry {expansion, filename}{24}
-\entry {expansion, parameter}{19}
-\entry {expansion, pathname}{24}
-\entry {expansion, tilde}{19}
-\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{78}
-\entry {expressions, conditional}{76}
+\entry {editing command lines}{96}
+\entry {environment}{33}
+\entry {evaluation, arithmetic}{80}
+\entry {event designators}{125}
+\entry {execution environment}{32}
+\entry {exit status}{3, 33}
+\entry {expansion}{18}
+\entry {expansion, arithmetic}{24}
+\entry {expansion, brace}{19}
+\entry {expansion, filename}{25}
+\entry {expansion, parameter}{21}
+\entry {expansion, pathname}{25}
+\entry {expansion, tilde}{20}
+\entry {expressions, arithmetic}{80}
+\entry {expressions, conditional}{78}
\initial {F}
\entry {field}{3}
\entry {filename}{3}
-\entry {filename expansion}{24}
-\entry {foreground}{89}
-\entry {functions, shell}{14}
+\entry {filename expansion}{25}
+\entry {foreground}{91}
+\entry {functions, shell}{15}
\initial {H}
-\entry {history builtins}{121}
-\entry {history events}{123}
-\entry {history expansion}{123}
-\entry {history list}{121}
-\entry {History, how to use}{120}
+\entry {history builtins}{123}
+\entry {history events}{125}
+\entry {history expansion}{125}
+\entry {history list}{123}
+\entry {History, how to use}{122}
\initial {I}
\entry {identifier}{3}
-\entry {initialization file, readline}{96}
-\entry {installation}{127}
-\entry {interaction, readline}{93}
-\entry {interactive shell}{73, 74}
+\entry {initialization file, readline}{98}
+\entry {installation}{129}
+\entry {interaction, readline}{95}
+\entry {interactive shell}{75, 76}
\entry {internationalization}{7}
\initial {J}
\entry {job}{3}
-\entry {job control}{3, 89}
+\entry {job control}{3, 91}
\initial {K}
-\entry {kill ring}{95}
-\entry {killing text}{95}
+\entry {kill ring}{97}
+\entry {killing text}{97}
\initial {L}
\entry {localization}{7}
-\entry {login shell}{73}
+\entry {login shell}{75}
\initial {M}
-\entry {matching, pattern}{24}
+\entry {matching, pattern}{26}
\entry {metacharacter}{3}
\initial {N}
\entry {name}{3}
\entry {native languages}{7}
-\entry {notation, readline}{94}
+\entry {notation, readline}{96}
\initial {O}
\entry {operator, shell}{3}
\initial {P}
-\entry {parameter expansion}{19}
-\entry {parameters}{15}
-\entry {parameters, positional}{16}
-\entry {parameters, special}{16}
-\entry {pathname expansion}{24}
-\entry {pattern matching}{24}
+\entry {parameter expansion}{21}
+\entry {parameters}{17}
+\entry {parameters, positional}{17}
+\entry {parameters, special}{18}
+\entry {pathname expansion}{25}
+\entry {pattern matching}{26}
\entry {pipeline}{8}
\entry {POSIX}{3}
-\entry {POSIX Mode}{84}
+\entry {POSIX Mode}{86}
\entry {process group}{3}
\entry {process group ID}{3}
-\entry {process substitution}{23}
-\entry {programmable completion}{115}
-\entry {prompting}{82}
+\entry {process substitution}{24}
+\entry {programmable completion}{117}
+\entry {prompting}{84}
\initial {Q}
\entry {quoting}{6}
\entry {quoting, ANSI}{6}
\initial {R}
-\entry {Readline, how to use}{92}
-\entry {redirection}{26}
+\entry {Readline, how to use}{94}
+\entry {redirection}{27}
\entry {reserved word}{3}
-\entry {restricted shell}{84}
+\entry {restricted shell}{86}
\entry {return status}{4}
\initial {S}
-\entry {shell arithmetic}{78}
-\entry {shell function}{14}
-\entry {shell script}{33}
-\entry {shell variable}{15}
-\entry {shell, interactive}{74}
+\entry {shell arithmetic}{80}
+\entry {shell function}{15}
+\entry {shell script}{34}
+\entry {shell variable}{17}
+\entry {shell, interactive}{76}
\entry {signal}{4}
-\entry {signal handling}{32}
-\entry {special builtin}{4, 59}
-\entry {startup files}{73}
-\entry {suspending jobs}{89}
+\entry {signal handling}{34}
+\entry {special builtin}{4, 62}
+\entry {startup files}{75}
+\entry {suspending jobs}{91}
\initial {T}
-\entry {tilde expansion}{19}
+\entry {tilde expansion}{20}
\entry {token}{4}
\entry {translation, native languages}{7}
\initial {V}
-\entry {variable, shell}{15}
-\entry {variables, readline}{97}
+\entry {variable, shell}{17}
+\entry {variables, readline}{99}
\initial {W}
\entry {word}{4}
-\entry {word splitting}{23}
+\entry {word splitting}{25}
\initial {Y}
-\entry {yanking text}{95}
+\entry {yanking text}{97}
-\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{106}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
-\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{106}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
-\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{106}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
-\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{106}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
-\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{106}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
-\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{106}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
-\entry{shell-forward-word ()}{106}{\code {shell-forward-word ()}}
-\entry{shell-backward-word ()}{106}{\code {shell-backward-word ()}}
-\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{106}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
-\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{106}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
-\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{107}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
-\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{107}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
-\entry{next-history (C-n)}{107}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
-\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{107}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
-\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{107}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
-\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{107}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
-\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{107}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
-\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{107}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
-\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{107}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
-\entry{history-search-forward ()}{107}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
-\entry{history-search-backward ()}{107}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
-\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{107}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
-\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{108}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
-\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{108}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
-\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{108}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
-\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{108}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
-\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{108}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
-\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{108}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
-\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{108}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
-\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{108}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
-\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{108}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
-\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{108}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
-\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{109}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
-\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{109}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
-\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{109}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
-\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{109}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
-\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{109}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
-\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{109}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
-\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{109}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
-\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{109}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
-\entry{shell-kill-word ()}{109}{\code {shell-kill-word ()}}
-\entry{backward-kill-word ()}{109}{\code {backward-kill-word ()}}
-\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{109}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
-\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{109}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
-\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{109}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
-\entry{kill-region ()}{110}{\code {kill-region ()}}
-\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{110}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
-\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{110}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
-\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{110}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
-\entry{yank (C-y)}{110}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
-\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{110}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
-\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{110}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
-\entry{universal-argument ()}{110}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
-\entry{complete (TAB)}{110}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
-\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{110}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
-\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{111}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
-\entry{menu-complete ()}{111}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
-\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{111}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}
-\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{111}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
-\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{111}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}
-\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{111}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}
-\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{111}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}
-\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{111}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}
-\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{111}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}
-\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{111}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}
-\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{111}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}
-\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{111}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}
-\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{111}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}
-\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{112}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}
-\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{112}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}
-\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{112}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}
-\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}{112}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}
-\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{112}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
-\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{112}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
-\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{112}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
-\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{112}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
-\entry{abort (C-g)}{112}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
-\entry{do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...{})}{112}{\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
-\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{112}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
-\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{112}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
-\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{113}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
-\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{113}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}
-\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{113}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
-\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{113}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
-\entry{character-search (C-])}{113}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
-\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{113}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
-\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{113}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}
-\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{113}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
-\entry{dump-functions ()}{113}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
-\entry{dump-variables ()}{113}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
-\entry{dump-macros ()}{114}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
-\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{114}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}
-\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{114}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}
-\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{114}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}
-\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{114}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}
-\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{114}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}
-\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{114}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}
-\entry{magic-space ()}{114}{\code {magic-space ()}}
-\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{114}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}
-\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{114}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}
-\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{114}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}
-\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{114}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}
-\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}{114}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}
+\entry{beginning-of-line (C-a)}{108}{\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}
+\entry{end-of-line (C-e)}{108}{\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}
+\entry{forward-char (C-f)}{108}{\code {forward-char (C-f)}}
+\entry{backward-char (C-b)}{108}{\code {backward-char (C-b)}}
+\entry{forward-word (M-f)}{108}{\code {forward-word (M-f)}}
+\entry{backward-word (M-b)}{108}{\code {backward-word (M-b)}}
+\entry{shell-forward-word ()}{108}{\code {shell-forward-word ()}}
+\entry{shell-backward-word ()}{108}{\code {shell-backward-word ()}}
+\entry{clear-screen (C-l)}{108}{\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}
+\entry{redraw-current-line ()}{108}{\code {redraw-current-line ()}}
+\entry{accept-line (Newline or Return)}{109}{\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}
+\entry{previous-history (C-p)}{109}{\code {previous-history (C-p)}}
+\entry{next-history (C-n)}{109}{\code {next-history (C-n)}}
+\entry{beginning-of-history (M-<)}{109}{\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}
+\entry{end-of-history (M->)}{109}{\code {end-of-history (M->)}}
+\entry{reverse-search-history (C-r)}{109}{\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}
+\entry{forward-search-history (C-s)}{109}{\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}
+\entry{non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}{109}{\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}
+\entry{non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}{109}{\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}
+\entry{history-search-forward ()}{109}{\code {history-search-forward ()}}
+\entry{history-search-backward ()}{109}{\code {history-search-backward ()}}
+\entry{yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}{109}{\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}
+\entry{yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}{110}{\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}
+\entry{delete-char (C-d)}{110}{\code {delete-char (C-d)}}
+\entry{backward-delete-char (Rubout)}{110}{\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}
+\entry{forward-backward-delete-char ()}{110}{\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}
+\entry{quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}{110}{\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}
+\entry{self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...{})}{110}{\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}
+\entry{transpose-chars (C-t)}{110}{\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}
+\entry{transpose-words (M-t)}{110}{\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}
+\entry{upcase-word (M-u)}{110}{\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}
+\entry{downcase-word (M-l)}{110}{\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}
+\entry{capitalize-word (M-c)}{111}{\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}
+\entry{overwrite-mode ()}{111}{\code {overwrite-mode ()}}
+\entry{kill-line (C-k)}{111}{\code {kill-line (C-k)}}
+\entry{backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}{111}{\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}
+\entry{unix-line-discard (C-u)}{111}{\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}
+\entry{kill-whole-line ()}{111}{\code {kill-whole-line ()}}
+\entry{kill-word (M-d)}{111}{\code {kill-word (M-d)}}
+\entry{backward-kill-word (M-DEL)}{111}{\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}
+\entry{shell-kill-word ()}{111}{\code {shell-kill-word ()}}
+\entry{backward-kill-word ()}{111}{\code {backward-kill-word ()}}
+\entry{unix-word-rubout (C-w)}{111}{\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}
+\entry{unix-filename-rubout ()}{111}{\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}
+\entry{delete-horizontal-space ()}{111}{\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}
+\entry{kill-region ()}{112}{\code {kill-region ()}}
+\entry{copy-region-as-kill ()}{112}{\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}
+\entry{copy-backward-word ()}{112}{\code {copy-backward-word ()}}
+\entry{copy-forward-word ()}{112}{\code {copy-forward-word ()}}
+\entry{yank (C-y)}{112}{\code {yank (C-y)}}
+\entry{yank-pop (M-y)}{112}{\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}
+\entry{digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ...{} M--)}{112}{\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}
+\entry{universal-argument ()}{112}{\code {universal-argument ()}}
+\entry{complete (TAB)}{112}{\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}
+\entry{possible-completions (M-?)}{112}{\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}
+\entry{insert-completions (M-*)}{113}{\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}
+\entry{menu-complete ()}{113}{\code {menu-complete ()}}
+\entry{menu-complete-backward ()}{113}{\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}
+\entry{delete-char-or-list ()}{113}{\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}
+\entry{complete-filename (M-/)}{113}{\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}
+\entry{possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}{113}{\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}
+\entry{complete-username (M-~)}{113}{\code {complete-username (M-~)}}
+\entry{possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}{113}{\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}
+\entry{complete-variable (M-$)}{113}{\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}
+\entry{possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}{113}{\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}
+\entry{complete-hostname (M-@)}{113}{\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}
+\entry{possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}{113}{\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}
+\entry{complete-command (M-!)}{113}{\code {complete-command (M-!)}}
+\entry{possible-command-completions (C-x !)}{114}{\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}
+\entry{dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)}{114}{\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}
+\entry{dabbrev-expand ()}{114}{\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}
+\entry{complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}{114}{\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}
+\entry{start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}{114}{\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}
+\entry{end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}{114}{\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}
+\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{114}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
+\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{114}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
+\entry{abort (C-g)}{114}{\code {abort (C-g)}}
+\entry{do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-x, ...{})}{114}{\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}
+\entry{prefix-meta (ESC)}{114}{\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}
+\entry{undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}{114}{\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}
+\entry{revert-line (M-r)}{115}{\code {revert-line (M-r)}}
+\entry{tilde-expand (M-&)}{115}{\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}
+\entry{set-mark (C-@)}{115}{\code {set-mark (C-@)}}
+\entry{exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}{115}{\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}
+\entry{character-search (C-])}{115}{\code {character-search (C-])}}
+\entry{character-search-backward (M-C-])}{115}{\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}
+\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{115}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}
+\entry{insert-comment (M-#)}{115}{\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}
+\entry{dump-functions ()}{115}{\code {dump-functions ()}}
+\entry{dump-variables ()}{115}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
+\entry{dump-macros ()}{116}{\code {dump-macros ()}}
+\entry{glob-complete-word (M-g)}{116}{\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}
+\entry{glob-expand-word (C-x *)}{116}{\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}
+\entry{glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}{116}{\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}
+\entry{display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}{116}{\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}
+\entry{shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}{116}{\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}
+\entry{history-expand-line (M-^)}{116}{\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}
+\entry{magic-space ()}{116}{\code {magic-space ()}}
+\entry{alias-expand-line ()}{116}{\code {alias-expand-line ()}}
+\entry{history-and-alias-expand-line ()}{116}{\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}
+\entry{insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}{116}{\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}
+\entry{operate-and-get-next (C-o)}{116}{\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}
+\entry{edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}{116}{\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}
\initial {A}
-\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{112}
-\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{107}
-\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{114}
+\entry {\code {abort (C-g)}}{114}
+\entry {\code {accept-line (Newline or Return)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {alias-expand-line ()}}{116}
\initial {B}
-\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{106}
-\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{109}
-\entry {\code {backward-kill-word ()}}{109}
-\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{109}
-\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{106}
-\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{107}
-\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{106}
+\entry {\code {backward-char (C-b)}}{108}
+\entry {\code {backward-delete-char (Rubout)}}{110}
+\entry {\code {backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)}}{111}
+\entry {\code {backward-kill-word ()}}{111}
+\entry {\code {backward-kill-word (M-\key {DEL})}}{111}
+\entry {\code {backward-word (M-b)}}{108}
+\entry {\code {beginning-of-history (M-<)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {beginning-of-line (C-a)}}{108}
\initial {C}
-\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{112}
-\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{109}
-\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{113}
-\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{113}
-\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{106}
-\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{110}
-\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{111}
-\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{111}
-\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{111}
-\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{112}
-\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{111}
-\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{111}
-\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{110}
-\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{110}
-\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{110}
+\entry {\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}{114}
+\entry {\code {capitalize-word (M-c)}}{111}
+\entry {\code {character-search (C-])}}{115}
+\entry {\code {character-search-backward (M-C-])}}{115}
+\entry {\code {clear-screen (C-l)}}{108}
+\entry {\code {complete (\key {TAB})}}{112}
+\entry {\code {complete-command (M-!)}}{113}
+\entry {\code {complete-filename (M-/)}}{113}
+\entry {\code {complete-hostname (M-@)}}{113}
+\entry {\code {complete-into-braces (M-{\tt \char 123})}}{114}
+\entry {\code {complete-username (M-~)}}{113}
+\entry {\code {complete-variable (M-$)}}{113}
+\entry {\code {copy-backward-word ()}}{112}
+\entry {\code {copy-forward-word ()}}{112}
+\entry {\code {copy-region-as-kill ()}}{112}
\initial {D}
-\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{112}
-\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{111}
-\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{109}
-\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{110}
-\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{114}
-\entry {\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{112}
-\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{113}
-\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{114}
-\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{113}
-\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{112}
+\entry {\code {dabbrev-expand ()}}{114}
+\entry {\code {delete-char (C-d)}}{110}
+\entry {\code {delete-char-or-list ()}}{113}
+\entry {\code {delete-horizontal-space ()}}{111}
+\entry {\code {digit-argument (\kbd {M-0}, \kbd {M-1}, \dots {} \kbd {M--})}}{112}
+\entry {\code {display-shell-version (C-x C-v)}}{116}
+\entry {\code {do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-\var {x}, \dots {})}}{114}
+\entry {\code {downcase-word (M-l)}}{110}
+\entry {\code {dump-functions ()}}{115}
+\entry {\code {dump-macros ()}}{116}
+\entry {\code {dump-variables ()}}{115}
+\entry {\code {dynamic-complete-history (M-\key {TAB})}}{114}
\initial {E}
-\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}{114}
-\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{112}
-\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{107}
-\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{106}
-\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{113}
+\entry {\code {edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)}}{116}
+\entry {\code {end-kbd-macro (C-x ))}}{114}
+\entry {\code {end-of-history (M->)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {end-of-line (C-e)}}{108}
+\entry {\code {exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)}}{115}
\initial {F}
-\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{108}
-\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{106}
-\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{107}
-\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{106}
+\entry {\code {forward-backward-delete-char ()}}{110}
+\entry {\code {forward-char (C-f)}}{108}
+\entry {\code {forward-search-history (C-s)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {forward-word (M-f)}}{108}
\initial {G}
-\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{114}
-\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{114}
-\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{114}
+\entry {\code {glob-complete-word (M-g)}}{116}
+\entry {\code {glob-expand-word (C-x *)}}{116}
+\entry {\code {glob-list-expansions (C-x g)}}{116}
\initial {H}
-\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{114}
-\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{114}
-\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{107}
-\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{107}
+\entry {\code {history-and-alias-expand-line ()}}{116}
+\entry {\code {history-expand-line (M-^)}}{116}
+\entry {\code {history-search-backward ()}}{109}
+\entry {\code {history-search-forward ()}}{109}
\initial {I}
-\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{113}
-\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{111}
-\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{114}
+\entry {\code {insert-comment (M-#)}}{115}
+\entry {\code {insert-completions (M-*)}}{113}
+\entry {\code {insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)}}{116}
\initial {K}
-\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{109}
-\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{110}
-\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{109}
-\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {kill-line (C-k)}}{111}
+\entry {\code {kill-region ()}}{112}
+\entry {\code {kill-whole-line ()}}{111}
+\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{111}
\initial {M}
-\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{114}
-\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{111}
-\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{111}
+\entry {\code {magic-space ()}}{116}
+\entry {\code {menu-complete ()}}{113}
+\entry {\code {menu-complete-backward ()}}{113}
\initial {N}
-\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{107}
-\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{107}
-\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{107}
+\entry {\code {next-history (C-n)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)}}{109}
\initial {O}
-\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{114}
-\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{109}
+\entry {\code {operate-and-get-next (C-o)}}{116}
+\entry {\code {overwrite-mode ()}}{111}
\initial {P}
-\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{112}
-\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{110}
-\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{111}
-\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{111}
-\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{111}
-\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{111}
-\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{112}
-\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{107}
+\entry {\code {possible-command-completions (C-x !)}}{114}
+\entry {\code {possible-completions (M-?)}}{112}
+\entry {\code {possible-filename-completions (C-x /)}}{113}
+\entry {\code {possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)}}{113}
+\entry {\code {possible-username-completions (C-x ~)}}{113}
+\entry {\code {possible-variable-completions (C-x $)}}{113}
+\entry {\code {prefix-meta (\key {ESC})}}{114}
+\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{109}
\initial {Q}
-\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{108}
+\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{110}
\initial {R}
-\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{112}
-\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{106}
-\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{107}
-\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{113}
+\entry {\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}{114}
+\entry {\code {redraw-current-line ()}}{108}
+\entry {\code {reverse-search-history (C-r)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {revert-line (M-r)}}{115}
\initial {S}
-\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{108}
-\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{113}
-\entry {\code {shell-backward-word ()}}{106}
-\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{114}
-\entry {\code {shell-forward-word ()}}{106}
-\entry {\code {shell-kill-word ()}}{109}
-\entry {\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{113}
-\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{112}
+\entry {\code {self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, \dots {})}}{110}
+\entry {\code {set-mark (C-@)}}{115}
+\entry {\code {shell-backward-word ()}}{108}
+\entry {\code {shell-expand-line (M-C-e)}}{116}
+\entry {\code {shell-forward-word ()}}{108}
+\entry {\code {shell-kill-word ()}}{111}
+\entry {\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}{115}
+\entry {\code {start-kbd-macro (C-x ()}}{114}
\initial {T}
-\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{113}
-\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{108}
+\entry {\code {tilde-expand (M-&)}}{115}
+\entry {\code {transpose-chars (C-t)}}{110}
+\entry {\code {transpose-words (M-t)}}{110}
\initial {U}
-\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{112}
-\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{110}
-\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{109}
-\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{109}
-\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{109}
-\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{108}
+\entry {\code {undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)}}{114}
+\entry {\code {universal-argument ()}}{112}
+\entry {\code {unix-filename-rubout ()}}{111}
+\entry {\code {unix-line-discard (C-u)}}{111}
+\entry {\code {unix-word-rubout (C-w)}}{111}
+\entry {\code {upcase-word (M-u)}}{110}
\initial {Y}
-\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{110}
-\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{108}
-\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{107}
-\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{110}
+\entry {\code {yank (C-y)}}{112}
+\entry {\code {yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)}}{110}
+\entry {\code {yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)}}{109}
+\entry {\code {yank-pop (M-y)}}{112}
<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<!-- Created on May, 20 2010 by texi2html 1.64 -->
+<!-- Created on June, 1 2010 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P>
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.1, 17 April 2010).
+the Bash shell (version 4.1, 30 May 2010).
</P><P>
-This is Edition 4.1, last updated 17 April 2010,
+This is Edition 4.1, last updated 30 May 2010,
of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>,
for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.1.
</P><P>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Some definitions used in the rest of this
manual.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell "building blocks".</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands that are a part of the shell.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables used or set by Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Features found only in Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What job control is and how Bash allows you
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands that are a part of the shell.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5. Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables used or set by Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6. Bash Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Features found only in Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What job control is and how Bash allows you
to use it.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Chapter describing the command line
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Chapter describing the command line
editing features.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences
between Bash and historical
versions of /bin/sh.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="Introduction"></A>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.1 What is Bash? </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.2 What is a shell? </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 2. Definitions </H1>
<DT><CODE>operator</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX12"></A>
A <CODE>control operator</CODE> or a <CODE>redirection operator</CODE>.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>, for a list of redirection operators.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>, for a list of redirection operators.
Operators contain at least one unquoted <CODE>metacharacter</CODE>.
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 3. Basic Shell Features </H1>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC6">3.1 Shell Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What your input means to the shell.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">3.2 Shell Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The types of commands you can use.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Grouping commands by name.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell stores values.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands parameters and the various
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Grouping commands by name.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell stores values.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands parameters and the various
expansions available.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to control where input and output go.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when you run a command.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Executing files of shell commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to control where input and output go.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7 Executing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when you run a command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Executing files of shell commands.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.1 Shell Syntax </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.1 Shell Operation </H3>
<OL>
<LI>
-Reads its input from a file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), from a string
+Reads its input from a file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), from a string
supplied as an argument to the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> invocation option
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), or from the user's terminal.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>), or from the user's terminal.
<P>
<LI>
Breaks the input into words and operators, obeying the quoting rules
described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A>. These tokens are separated by
<CODE>metacharacters</CODE>. Alias expansion is performed by this step
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<P>
<LI>
-Performs the various shell expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>), breaking
-the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>)
+Performs the various shell expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>), breaking
+the expanded tokens into lists of filenames (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>)
and commands and arguments.
<P>
<LI>
-Performs any necessary redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) and removes
+Performs any necessary redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>) and removes
the redirection operators and their operands from the argument list.
<P>
<LI>
-Executes the command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A>).
+Executes the command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7 Executing Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Optionally waits for the command to complete and collects its exit
-status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>).
+status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>).
<P>
</OL>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.2 Quoting </H3>
has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to
represent itself.
When the command history expansion facilities are being used
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the
<VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, usually <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, must be quoted
-to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for
+to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for
more details concerning history expansion.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.1 Escape Character </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.2 Single Quotes </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.3 Double Quotes </H4>
<SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, <SAMP>``'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>,
and, when history expansion is enabled, <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>.
The characters <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> and <SAMP>``'</SAMP>
-retain their special meaning within double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
+retain their special meaning within double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
The backslash retains its special meaning only when followed by one of
the following characters:
<SAMP>`$'</SAMP>, <SAMP>``'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`"'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\'</SAMP>, or <CODE>newline</CODE>.
</P><P>
The special parameters <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> have special meaning
-when in double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+when in double quotes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
</P><P>
<A NAME="ANSI-C Quoting"></A>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting </H4>
<DT><CODE>\x<VAR>HH</VAR></CODE>
<DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <VAR>HH</VAR>
(one or two hex digits)
+<DT><CODE>\u<VAR>HHHH</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
+<VAR>HHHH</VAR> (one to four hex digits)
+<DT><CODE>\U<VAR>HHHHHHHH</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
+<VAR>HHHHHHHH</VAR> (one to eight hex digits)
<DT><CODE>\c<VAR>x</VAR></CODE>
<DD>a control-<VAR>x</VAR> character
</DL>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.3 Comments </H3>
In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the
<CODE>interactive_comments</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
-builtin is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>),
+builtin is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>),
a word beginning with <SAMP>`#'</SAMP>
causes that word and all remaining characters on that line to
be ignored. An interactive shell without the <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE>
option enabled does not allow comments. The <CODE>interactive_comments</CODE>
option is on by default in interactive shells.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for a description of what makes
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for a description of what makes
a shell interactive.
</P><P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.2 Shell Commands </H2>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to execute commands sequentially.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Shell commands for control flow.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Two-way communication between commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.2.6 GNU Parallel</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Running commands in parallel.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.1 Simple Commands </H3>
rest of the words being that command's arguments.
</P><P>
-The return status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>) of a simple command is
+The return status (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>) of a simple command is
its exit status as provided
by the POSIX 1003.1 <CODE>waitpid</CODE> function, or 128+<VAR>n</VAR> if
the command was terminated by signal <VAR>n</VAR>.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.2 Pipelines </H3>
by POSIX.
The <CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable may be set to a format string that
specifies how the timing information should be displayed.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of the available formats.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of the available formats.
The use of <CODE>time</CODE> as a reserved word permits the timing of
shell builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external
<CODE>time</CODE> command cannot time these easily.
</P><P>
+When the shell is in POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>), <CODE>time</CODE>
+may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the
+total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children.
+The <CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable may be used to specify the format of
+the time information.
+</P><P>
+
If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC18">3.2.3 Lists of Commands</A>), the
shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete.
</P><P>
Each command in a pipeline is executed in its own subshell
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>). The exit
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>). The exit
status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command in the
pipeline, unless the <CODE>pipefail</CODE> option is enabled
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
If <CODE>pipefail</CODE> is enabled, the pipeline's return status is the
value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a non-zero status,
or zero if all commands exit successfully.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.3 Lists of Commands </H3>
This is known as executing the command in the <VAR>background</VAR>.
The shell does not wait for the command to finish, and the return
status is 0 (true).
-When job control is not active (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>),
+When job control is not active (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>),
the standard input for asynchronous commands, in the absence of any
explicit redirections, is redirected from <CODE>/dev/null</CODE>.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.4 Compound Commands </H3>
Compound commands are the shell programming constructs.
Each construct begins with a reserved word or control operator and is
terminated by a corresponding reserved word or operator.
-Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with a compound command
+Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with a compound command
apply to all commands within that compound command unless explicitly overridden.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs </H4>
If <SAMP>`in <VAR>words</VAR>'</SAMP> is not present, the <CODE>for</CODE> command
executes the <VAR>commands</VAR> once for each positional parameter that is
set, as if <SAMP>`in "$@"'</SAMP> had been specified
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>).
The return status is the exit status of the last command that executes.
If there are no items in the expansion of <VAR>words</VAR>, no commands are
executed, and the return status is zero.
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>for (( <VAR>expr1</VAR> ; <VAR>expr2</VAR> ; <VAR>expr3</VAR> )) ; do <VAR>commands</VAR> ; done
</pre></td></tr></table>First, the arithmetic expression <VAR>expr1</VAR> is evaluated according
-to the rules described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+to the rules described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
The arithmetic expression <VAR>expr2</VAR> is then evaluated repeatedly
until it evaluates to zero.
Each time <VAR>expr2</VAR> evaluates to a non-zero value, <VAR>commands</VAR> are
</DL>
<P>
-The <CODE>break</CODE> and <CODE>continue</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+The <CODE>break</CODE> and <CODE>continue</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
may be used to control loop execution.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs </H4>
<CODE>case</CODE> will selectively execute the <VAR>command-list</VAR> corresponding to
the first <VAR>pattern</VAR> that matches <VAR>word</VAR>.
If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
-(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
The <SAMP>`|'</SAMP> is used to separate multiple patterns, and the <SAMP>`)'</SAMP>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
The arithmetic <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the rules
-described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
If the value of the expression is non-zero, the return status is 0;
otherwise the return status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let "<VAR>expression</VAR>"
-</pre></td></tr></table>See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a full description of the <CODE>let</CODE> builtin.
+</pre></td></tr></table>See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a full description of the <CODE>let</CODE> builtin.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>[[<small>...</small>]]</CODE>
Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of
the conditional expression <VAR>expression</VAR>.
Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
Word splitting and filename expansion are not performed on the words
between the <SAMP>`[['</SAMP> and <SAMP>`]]'</SAMP>; tilde expansion, parameter and
variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution, process
When the <SAMP>`=='</SAMP> and <SAMP>`!='</SAMP> operators are used, the string to the
right of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according
-to the rules described below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>.
+to the rules described below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>.
If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
-(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
The return value is 0 if the string matches (<SAMP>`=='</SAMP>) or does not
If the regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
expression's return value is 2.
If the shell option <CODE>nocasematch</CODE>
-(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+(see the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case
of alphabetic characters.
Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force it to be matched as a
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands </H4>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Placing a list of commands between parentheses causes a subshell
-environment to be created (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and each
+environment to be created (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and each
of the commands in <VAR>list</VAR> to be executed in that subshell. Since the
<VAR>list</VAR> is executed in a subshell, variable assignments do not remain in
effect after the subshell completes.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.5 Coprocesses </H3>
</P><P>
When the coproc is executed, the shell creates an array variable
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>)
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>)
named <VAR>NAME</VAR> in the context of the executing shell.
The standard output of <VAR>command</VAR>
is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
is connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell,
and that file descriptor is assigned to <VAR>NAME</VAR>[1].
This pipe is established before any redirections specified by the
-command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>).
The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell commands
and redirections using standard word expansions.
</P><P>
The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of <VAR>command</VAR>.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="Shell Functions"></A>
+<A NAME="GNU Parallel"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC24"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H3> 3.2.6 GNU Parallel </H3>
+<!--docid::SEC24::-->
+<P>
+
+GNU Parallel, as its name suggests, can be used to build and run commands
+in parallel. You may run the same command with different arguments, whether
+they are filenames, usernames, hostnames, or lines read from files.
+</P><P>
+
+For a complete description, refer to the GNU Parallel documentation. A few
+examples should provide a brief introduction to its use.
+</P><P>
+
+For example, it is easy to prefix each line in a text file with a specified
+string:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cat file | parallel -k echo prefix_string
+</pre></td></tr></table>The <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is required to preserve the lines' order.
+</P><P>
+
+Similarly, you can append a specified string to each line in a text file:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cat file | parallel -k echo {} append_string
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+You can use Parallel to move files from the current directory when the
+number of files is too large to process with one <CODE>mv</CODE> invocation:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls | parallel mv {} destdir
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+As you can see, the {} is replaced with each line read from standard input.
+This will run as many <CODE>mv</CODE> commands as there are files in the current
+directory. You can emulate a parallel <CODE>xargs</CODE> by adding the <SAMP>`-X'</SAMP>
+option:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls | parallel -X mv {} destdir
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+GNU Parallel can replace certain common idioms that operate on lines read
+from a file (in this case, filenames):
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre> for x in $(cat list); do
+ do-something1 $x config-$x
+ do-something2 < $x
+ done | process-output
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | process-output
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename extensions, which
+lends itself to batch file transformations or renaming:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 "zcat {} | bzip2 >{.}.bz2 && rm {}"
+</pre></td></tr></table>This will recompress all files in the current directory with names ending
+in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel.
+</P><P>
+
+If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input order in
+the output. For instance, the following command
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute
+</pre></td></tr></table>will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. Using
+the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option, as we saw above
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute
+</pre></td></tr></table>will ensure that the output of <CODE>traceroute foss.org.my</CODE> is displayed first.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Shell Functions"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC25"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.3 Shell Functions </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC24::-->
+<!--docid::SEC25::-->
<P>
Shell functions are a way to group commands for later execution
may be any compound command listed above.
<VAR>compound-command</VAR> is executed whenever <VAR>name</VAR> is specified as the
name of a command.
-Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with the shell function
+Any redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>) associated with the shell function
are performed when the function is executed.
</P><P>
A function definition may be deleted using the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the
-<CODE>unset</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+<CODE>unset</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
</P><P>
The exit status of a function definition is zero unless a syntax error
When a function is executed, the arguments to the
function become the positional parameters
-during its execution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>).
+during its execution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>).
The special parameter <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> that expands to the number of
positional parameters is updated to reflect the change.
Special parameter <CODE>0</CODE> is unchanged.
(in which case all functions inherit the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> and <CODE>RETURN</CODE> traps),
and the <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap is not inherited unless the <CODE>-o errtrace</CODE>
shell option has been enabled.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>, for the description of the
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>, for the description of the
<CODE>trap</CODE> builtin.
</P><P>
+The <CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE> variable, if set to a numeric value greater
+than 0, defines a maximum function nesting level. Function
+invocations that exceed the limit cause the entire command to
+abort.
+</P><P>
+
If the builtin command <CODE>return</CODE>
is executed in a function, the function completes and
execution resumes with the next command after the function
Function names and definitions may be listed with the
<SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE>
-builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to <CODE>declare</CODE> or <CODE>typeset</CODE>
will list the function names only
(and optionally the source file and line number, if the <CODE>extdebug</CODE>
Functions may be exported so that subshells
automatically have them defined with the
<SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>export</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
Note that shell functions and variables with the same name may result
in multiple identically-named entries in the environment passed to the
shell's children.
<A NAME="Shell Parameters"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC25"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC26"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.4 Shell Parameters </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC25::-->
+<!--docid::SEC26::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell's command-line arguments.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Parameters denoted by special characters.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The shell's command-line arguments.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Parameters denoted by special characters.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
A <VAR>variable</VAR> is a parameter denoted by a <CODE>name</CODE>.
A variable has a <VAR>value</VAR> and zero or more <VAR>attributes</VAR>.
Attributes are assigned using the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin command
-(see the description of the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+(see the description of the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
</P><P>
A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
removal (detailed below). If the variable has its <CODE>integer</CODE>
attribute set, then <VAR>value</VAR>
is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the <CODE>$((<small>...</small>))</CODE>
-expansion is not used (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>).
+expansion is not used (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>).
Word splitting is not performed, with the exception
of <CODE>"$@"</CODE> as explained below.
Filename expansion is not performed.
</P><P>
In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value
-to a shell variable or array index (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), the <SAMP>`+='</SAMP>
+to a shell variable or array index (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>), the <SAMP>`+='</SAMP>
operator can be used to
append to or add to the variable's previous value.
When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to a variable for which the integer attribute
has been set, <VAR>value</VAR> is evaluated as an arithmetic expression and
added to the variable's current value, which is also evaluated.
When <SAMP>`+='</SAMP> is applied to an array variable using compound assignment
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), the
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>), the
variable's value is not unset (as it is when using <SAMP>`='</SAMP>), and new
values are appended to the array beginning at one greater than the array's
maximum index (for indexed arrays), or added as additional key-value pairs
<A NAME="Positional Parameters"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC26"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC27"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.4.1 Positional Parameters </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC26::-->
+<!--docid::SEC27::-->
<P>
A <VAR>positional parameter</VAR> is a parameter denoted by one or more
as <CODE>$N</CODE> when <CODE>N</CODE> consists of a single digit.
Positional parameters may not be assigned to with assignment statements.
The <CODE>set</CODE> and <CODE>shift</CODE> builtins are used to set and
-unset them (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>).
+unset them (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>).
The positional parameters are
temporarily replaced when a shell function is executed
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
</P><P>
When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single
<A NAME="Special Parameters"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC27"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC28"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.4.2 Special Parameters </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC27::-->
+<!--docid::SEC28::-->
<P>
The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
<DD><A NAME="IDX61"></A>
Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set at
shell initialization. If Bash is invoked with a file of commands
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of that file.
-If Bash is started with the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the name of that file.
+If Bash is started with the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
then <CODE>$0</CODE> is set to the first argument after the string to be
executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is set
to the filename used to invoke Bash, as given by argument zero.
<A NAME="Shell Expansions"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC28"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC29"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.5 Shell Expansions </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC28::-->
+<!--docid::SEC29::-->
<P>
Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of expressions within braces.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of the ~ character.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands variables to their values.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Using the output of a command as an argument.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to use arithmetic in shell expansions.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to write and read to and from a
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of expressions within braces.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Expansion of the ~ character.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands variables to their values.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Using the output of a command as an argument.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to use arithmetic in shell expansions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A way to write and read to and from a
command.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the results of expansion are split into separate
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the results of expansion are split into separate
arguments.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How and when quote characters are removed from
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A shorthand for specifying filenames matching patterns.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How and when quote characters are removed from
words.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
can change the number of words of the expansion; other expansions
expand a single word to a single word.
The only exceptions to this are the expansions of
-<CODE>"$@"</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>) and <CODE>"${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}"</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+<CODE>"$@"</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>) and <CODE>"${<VAR>name</VAR>[@]}"</CODE>
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>).
</P><P>
-After all expansions, <CODE>quote removal</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>)
+After all expansions, <CODE>quote removal</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>)
is performed.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Brace Expansion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC29"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC30"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.1 Brace Expansion </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC29::-->
+<!--docid::SEC30::-->
<P>
Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.
This mechanism is similar to
-<VAR>filename expansion</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>),
+<VAR>filename expansion</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>),
but the file names generated need not exist.
Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional <VAR>preamble</VAR>,
followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a seqeunce expression
<A NAME="Tilde Expansion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC30"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC31"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.2 Tilde Expansion </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC30::-->
+<!--docid::SEC31::-->
<P>
If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (<SAMP>`~'</SAMP>), all of the
the tilde-prefix is replaced with the
corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be displayed
by the <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtin invoked with the characters following tilde
-in the tilde-prefix as an argument (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
+in the tilde-prefix as an argument (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
If the tilde-prefix, sans the tilde, consists of a number without a
leading <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`+'</SAMP> is assumed.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Shell Parameter Expansion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC31"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC32"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC31::-->
+<!--docid::SEC32::-->
<P>
The <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> character introduces parameter expansion,
If <VAR>length</VAR> is omitted, expands to the substring of
<VAR>parameter</VAR> starting at the character specified by <VAR>offset</VAR>.
<VAR>length</VAR> and <VAR>offset</VAR> are arithmetic expressions
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
This is referred to as Substring Expansion.
<P>
<DD><DT><CODE>${<VAR>parameter</VAR>##<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE>
<DD>The <VAR>word</VAR>
is expanded to produce a pattern just as in filename
-expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). If the pattern matches
+expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>). If the pattern matches
the beginning of the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>,
then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR>
with the shortest matching pattern (the <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> case) or the
<A NAME="Command Substitution"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC32"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC33"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.4 Command Substitution </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC32::-->
+<!--docid::SEC33::-->
<P>
Command substitution allows the output of a command to replace
<A NAME="Arithmetic Expansion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC33"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC34"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC33::-->
+<!--docid::SEC34::-->
<P>
Arithmetic expansion allows the evaluation of an arithmetic expression
</P><P>
The evaluation is performed according to the rules listed below
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
If the expression is invalid, Bash prints a message indicating
failure to the standard error and no substitution occurs.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Process Substitution"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC34"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC35"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.6 Process Substitution </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC34::-->
+<!--docid::SEC35::-->
<P>
Process substitution is supported on systems that support named
<A NAME="Word Splitting"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC35"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC36"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.7 Word Splitting </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC35::-->
+<!--docid::SEC36::-->
<P>
The shell scans the results of parameter expansion, command substitution,
<A NAME="Filename Expansion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC36"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC37"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.8 Filename Expansion </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC36::-->
+<!--docid::SEC37::-->
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell matches patterns.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How the shell matches patterns.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<A NAME="IDX64"></A>
<A NAME="IDX65"></A>
<P>
After word splitting, unless the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> option has been set
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), Bash scans each word for the characters
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), Bash scans each word for the characters
<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`?'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`['</SAMP>.
If one of these characters appears, then the word is
regarded as a <VAR>pattern</VAR>,
In other cases, the <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> character is not treated specially.
</P><P>
-See the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>,
+See the description of <CODE>shopt</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>,
for a description of the <CODE>nocaseglob</CODE>, <CODE>nullglob</CODE>,
<CODE>failglob</CODE>, and <CODE>dotglob</CODE> options.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Pattern Matching"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC37"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC38"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC37::-->
+<!--docid::SEC38::-->
<P>
Any character that appears in a pattern, other than the special pattern
<A NAME="Quote Removal"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC38"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC39"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.9 Quote Removal </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC38::-->
+<!--docid::SEC39::-->
<P>
After the preceding expansions, all unquoted occurrences of the
<A NAME="Redirections"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC39"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC40"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.6 Redirections </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC39::-->
+<!--docid::SEC40::-->
<P>
Before a command is executed, its input and output
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC40"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC41"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.1 Redirecting Input </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC40::-->
+<!--docid::SEC41::-->
Redirection of input causes the file whose name results from
the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
to be opened for reading on file descriptor <CODE>n</CODE>,
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC41"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC42"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.2 Redirecting Output </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC41::-->
+<!--docid::SEC42::-->
Redirection of output causes the file whose name results from
the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
to be opened for writing on file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR>,
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC42"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC43"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC42::-->
+<!--docid::SEC43::-->
Redirection of output in this fashion
causes the file whose name results from
the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC43"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC44"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC43::-->
+<!--docid::SEC44::-->
This construct allows both the
standard output (file descriptor 1) and
the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC44"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC45"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC43"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC44::-->
+<!--docid::SEC45::-->
This construct allows both the
standard output (file descriptor 1) and
the standard error output (file descriptor 2)
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC45"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC46"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC44"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.6 Here Documents </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC45::-->
+<!--docid::SEC46::-->
This type of redirection instructs the shell to read input from the
current source until a line containing only <VAR>word</VAR>
(with no trailing blanks) is seen. All of
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC46"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC47"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC45"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.7 Here Strings </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC46::-->
+<!--docid::SEC47::-->
A variant of here documents, the format is:
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><<< <VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC47"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC48"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC46"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC47::-->
+<!--docid::SEC48::-->
The redirection operator
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<&<VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table>is used to duplicate input file descriptors.
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC48"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC49"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC47"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC48::-->
+<!--docid::SEC49::-->
The redirection operator
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<&<VAR>digit</VAR>-
</pre></td></tr></table>moves the file descriptor <VAR>digit</VAR> to file descriptor <VAR>n</VAR>,
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC49"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC50"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC48"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC41"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC42"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC49::-->
+<!--docid::SEC50::-->
The redirection operator
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[<VAR>n</VAR>]<><VAR>word</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table>causes the file whose name is the expansion of <VAR>word</VAR>
<A NAME="Executing Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC50"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC51"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC49"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC50"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.7 Executing Commands </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC50::-->
+<!--docid::SEC51::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands simple commands before
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash expands simple commands before
executing them.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash finds commands and runs them.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment in which Bash
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash finds commands and runs them.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment in which Bash
executes commands that are not
shell builtins.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment given to a command.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The status returned by commands and how Bash
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The environment given to a command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The status returned by commands and how Bash
interprets it.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when Bash or a command it runs
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What happens when Bash or a command it runs
receives a signal.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Simple Command Expansion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC51"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC52"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC51::-->
+<!--docid::SEC52::-->
<P>
When a simple command is executed, the shell performs the following
<LI>
The words that are not variable assignments or redirections are
-expanded (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
+expanded (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
If any words remain after expansion, the first word
is taken to be the name of the command and the remaining words are
the arguments.
<P>
<LI>
-Redirections are performed as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+Redirections are performed as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<A NAME="Command Search and Execution"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC52"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC53"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.2 Command Search and Execution </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC52::-->
+<!--docid::SEC53::-->
<P>
After a command has been split into words, if it results in a
<LI>
If the command name contains no slashes, the shell attempts to
locate it. If there exists a shell function by that name, that
-function is invoked as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>.
+function is invoked as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A>.
<P>
<LI>
<CODE>$PATH</CODE> for a directory containing an executable file
by that name. Bash uses a hash table to remember the full
pathnames of executable files to avoid multiple <CODE>PATH</CODE> searches
-(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
A full search of the directories in <CODE>$PATH</CODE>
is performed only if the command is not found in the hash table.
If the search is unsuccessful, the shell searches for a defined shell
If this execution fails because the file is not in executable
format, and the file is not a directory, it is assumed to be a
<VAR>shell script</VAR> and the shell executes it as described in
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>.
<P>
<LI>
<A NAME="Command Execution Environment"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC53"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC54"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.3 Command Execution Environment </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC53::-->
+<!--docid::SEC54::-->
<P>
The shell has an <VAR>execution environment</VAR>, which consists of the
<P>
<LI>
-options enabled by <CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
+options enabled by <CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>)
<P>
<LI>
-shell aliases defined with <CODE>alias</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>)
+shell aliases defined with <CODE>alias</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>)
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables
-exported for the command, passed in the environment (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A>)
+exported for the command, passed in the environment (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A>)
<P>
<LI>
<A NAME="Environment"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC54"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC55"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.4 Environment </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC54::-->
+<!--docid::SEC55::-->
<P>
When a program is invoked it is given an array of strings
The environment for any simple command
or function may be augmented temporarily by prefixing it with
-parameter assignments, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>.
+parameter assignments, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>.
These assignment statements affect only the environment seen
by that command.
</P><P>
-If the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), then all
+If the <SAMP>`-k'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), then all
parameter assignments are placed in the environment for a command,
not just those that precede the command name.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Exit Status"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC55"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC56"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.5 Exit Status </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC55::-->
+<!--docid::SEC56::-->
<P>
The exit status of an executed command is the value returned by the
<A NAME="Signals"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC56"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC57"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.6 Signals </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC56::-->
+<!--docid::SEC57::-->
<P>
When Bash is interactive, in the absence of any traps, it ignores
is caught and handled (so that the <CODE>wait</CODE> builtin is interruptible).
When Bash receives a <CODE>SIGINT</CODE>, it breaks out of any executing loops.
In all cases, Bash ignores <CODE>SIGQUIT</CODE>.
-If job control is in effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>), Bash
+If job control is in effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>), Bash
ignores <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>.
</P><P>
To prevent the shell from sending the <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> signal to a
particular job, it should be removed
from the jobs table with the <CODE>disown</CODE>
-builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or marked
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or marked
to not receive <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> using <CODE>disown -h</CODE>.
</P><P>
If the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been set with <CODE>shopt</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), Bash sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), Bash sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when
an interactive login shell exits.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Shell Scripts"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC57"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC58"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.8 Shell Scripts </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC57::-->
+<!--docid::SEC58::-->
<P>
A shell script is a text file containing shell commands. When such
a file is used as the first non-option argument when invoking Bash,
and neither the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> nor <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option is supplied
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>),
Bash reads and executes commands from the file, then exits. This
mode of operation creates a non-interactive shell. The shell first
searches for the file in the current directory, and looks in the
This subshell reinitializes itself, so that the effect is as if a
new shell had been invoked to interpret the script, with the
exception that the locations of commands remembered by the parent
-(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+(see the description of <CODE>hash</CODE> in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
are retained by the child.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Shell Builtin Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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+<A NAME="SEC59"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 4. Shell Builtin Commands </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC58::-->
+<!--docid::SEC59::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands inherited from the Bourne
Shell.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Table of builtins specific to Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtins to modify shell attributes and
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Table of builtins specific to Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtins to modify shell attributes and
optional behavior.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands classified specially by
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands classified specially by
POSIX.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
Several builtin commands are described in other chapters: builtin
commands which provide the Bash interface to the job control
-facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>), the directory stack
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>), the command history
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion
-facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>).
+facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>), the directory stack
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>), the command history
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion
+facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>).
</P><P>
Many of the builtins have been extended by POSIX or Bash.
<A NAME="Bourne Shell Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC59"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC60"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC59::-->
+<!--docid::SEC60::-->
<P>
The following shell builtin commands are inherited from the Bourne Shell.
Evaluate a conditional expression <VAR>expr</VAR>.
Each operator and operand must be a separate argument.
Expressions are composed of the primaries described below in
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>.
<CODE>test</CODE> does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of <SAMP>`--'</SAMP> as signifying the end of options.
<P>
<DD>If the first argument is <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, the expression is true if and
only if the second argument is null.
If the first argument is one of the unary conditional operators
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the expression
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the expression
is true if the unary test is true.
If the first argument is not a valid unary operator, the expression is
false.
<DT>3 arguments
<DD>If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
-operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the
+operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>), the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test using the
first and third arguments as operands.
The <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> operators are considered binary operators
<CODE>select</CODE> command, every arithmetic <CODE>for</CODE> command, and before
the first command executes in a shell function.
Refer to the description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the
-<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) for details of its
+<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>) for details of its
effect on the <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap.
If a <VAR>sigspec</VAR> is <CODE>RETURN</CODE>, the command <VAR>arg</VAR> is executed
each time a shell function or a script executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or
<A NAME="Bash Builtins"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> > </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.2 Bash Builtin Commands </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC60::-->
+<!--docid::SEC61::-->
<P>
This section describes builtin commands which are unique to
If arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each <VAR>name</VAR>
whose <VAR>value</VAR> is given. If no <VAR>value</VAR> is given, the name
and value of the alias is printed.
-Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>.
+Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>bind</CODE>
bind <VAR>readline-command</VAR>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
-Display current Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
+Display current Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
key and function bindings,
bind a key sequence to a Readline function or macro,
or set a Readline variable.
Each non-option argument is a command as it would appear in a
-Readline initialization file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A>),
+Readline initialization file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A>),
but each binding or command must be passed as a separate argument; e.g.,
<SAMP>`"\C-x\C-r":re-read-init-file'</SAMP>.
</P><P>
The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option inhibits the display of function definitions;
only the function name and attributes are printed.
If the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> shell option is enabled using <CODE>shopt</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the source file name and line number where
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the source file name and line number where
the function is defined are displayed as well.
<SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> implies <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>.
+</P><P>
+
+The <SAMP>`-g'</SAMP> option forces variables to be created or modified at
+the global scope, even when \fBdeclare\fP is executed in a shell function.
+It is ignored in all other cases.
+</P><P>
+
The following options can be used to restrict output to variables with
the specified attributes or to give variables attributes:
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>-a</CODE>
-<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an indexed array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an indexed array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-A</CODE>
-<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an associative array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+<DD>Each <VAR>name</VAR> is an associative array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-f</CODE>
<DT><CODE>-i</CODE>
<DD>The variable is to be treated as
-an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) is
+an integer; arithmetic evaluation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) is
performed when the variable is assigned a value.
<P>
may not be used to destroy an array variable and <SAMP>`+r'</SAMP> will not
remove the readonly attribute.
When used in a function, <CODE>declare</CODE> makes each <VAR>name</VAR> local,
-as with the <CODE>local</CODE> command. If a variable name is followed by
-=<VAR>value</VAR>, the value of the variable is set to <VAR>value</VAR>.
+as with the <CODE>local</CODE> command, unless the <SAMP>`-g'</SAMP> option is used.
+If a variable name is followed by =<VAR>value</VAR>, the value of the variable
+is set to <VAR>value</VAR>.
</P><P>
The return status is zero unless an invalid option is encountered,
an attempt is made to define a function using <SAMP>`-f foo=bar'</SAMP>,
an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly variable,
an attempt is made to assign a value to an array variable without
-using the compound assignment syntax (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>),
+using the compound assignment syntax (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>),
one of the <VAR>names</VAR> is not a valid shell variable name,
an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable,
an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array variable,
<DT><CODE>\x<VAR>HH</VAR></CODE>
<DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <VAR>HH</VAR>
(one or two hex digits)
+<DT><CODE>\u<VAR>HHHH</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
+<VAR>HHHH</VAR> (one to four hex digits)
+<DT><CODE>\U<VAR>HHHHHHHH</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the hexadecimal value
+<VAR>HHHHHHHH</VAR> (one to eight hex digits)
</DL>
<P>
If there are no options, a list of the shell builtins is displayed.
The <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option restricts <CODE>enable</CODE> to the POSIX special
builtins. If <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is used with <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP>, the new builtin becomes
-a special builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A>).
+a special builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A>).
</P><P>
The return status is zero unless a <VAR>name</VAR> is not a shell builtin
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>let <VAR>expression</VAR> [<VAR>expression</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>The <CODE>let</CODE> builtin allows arithmetic to be performed on shell
variables. Each <VAR>expression</VAR> is evaluated according to the
-rules given below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>. If the
+rules given below in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>. If the
last <VAR>expression</VAR> evaluates to 0, <CODE>let</CODE> returns 1;
otherwise 0 is returned.
<P>
If <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> is specified without <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP>,
the default quantum is 5000.
When <VAR>callback</VAR> is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
-array element to be assigned as an additional argument.
+array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that element
+as additional arguments.
<VAR>callback</VAR> is evaluated after the line is read but before the
array element is assigned.
</P><P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>printf [-v <VAR>var</VAR>] <VAR>format</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Write the formatted <VAR>arguments</VAR> to the standard output under the
control of the <VAR>format</VAR>.
+The <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+<VAR>var</VAR> rather than being printed to the standard output.
+<P>
+
The <VAR>format</VAR> is a character string which contains three types of objects:
plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character
escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and
format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive
<VAR>argument</VAR>.
-In addition to the standard <CODE>printf(1)</CODE> formats, <SAMP>`%b'</SAMP> causes
-<CODE>printf</CODE> to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding
-<VAR>argument</VAR>,
+In addition to the standard <CODE>printf(1)</CODE> formats, <CODE>printf</CODE>
+interprets the following extensions:
+</P><P>
+
+<DL COMPACT>
+<DT><CODE>%b</CODE>
+<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to expand backslash escape sequences in the
+corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR>,
(except that <SAMP>`\c'</SAMP> terminates output, backslashes in
<SAMP>`\''</SAMP>, <SAMP>`\"'</SAMP>, and <SAMP>`\?'</SAMP> are not removed, and octal escapes
-beginning with <SAMP>`\0'</SAMP> may contain up to four digits),
-and <SAMP>`%q'</SAMP> causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the
+beginning with <SAMP>`\0'</SAMP> may contain up to four digits).
+<DT><CODE>%q</CODE>
+<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the
corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR> in a format that can be reused as shell input.
+<DT><CODE>%(<VAR>datefmt</VAR>)T</CODE>
+<DD>causes <CODE>printf</CODE> to output the date-time string resulting from using
+<VAR>datefmt</VAR> as a format string for <CODE>strftime</CODE>(3). The corresponding
+<VAR>argument</VAR> is an integer representing the number of seconds since the
+epoch. Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current
+time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
+</DL>
<P>
Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C language constants,
the following character.
</P><P>
-The <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
-<VAR>var</VAR> rather than being printed to the standard output.
-</P><P>
-
The <VAR>format</VAR> is reused as necessary to consume all of the <VAR>arguments</VAR>.
If the <VAR>format</VAR> requires more <VAR>arguments</VAR> than are supplied, the
extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
<P>
<DT><CODE>-e</CODE>
-<DD>Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to obtain the line.
+<DD>Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to obtain the line.
Readline uses the current (or default, if line editing was not previously
active) editing settings.
<P>
<DT><CODE>source</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX105"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>source <VAR>filename</VAR>
-</pre></td></tr></table>A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+</pre></td></tr></table>A synonym for <CODE>.</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>type</CODE>
Remove each <VAR>name</VAR> from the list of aliases. If <SAMP>`-a'</SAMP> is
supplied, all aliases are removed.
-Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>.
+Aliases are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>.
</P><P>
</DL>
<A NAME="Modifying Shell Behavior"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC61"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC62"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC61::-->
+<!--docid::SEC62::-->
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Change the values of shell attributes and
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Change the values of shell attributes and
positional parameters.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modify shell optional behavior.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modify shell optional behavior.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="The Set Builtin"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC62"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC63"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 4.3.1 The Set Builtin </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC62::-->
+<!--docid::SEC63::-->
<P>
This builtin is so complicated that it deserves its own section. <CODE>set</CODE>
<P>
This option applies to the shell environment and each subshell environment
-separately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and may cause
+separately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>), and may cause
subshells to exit before executing all the commands in the subshell.
</P><P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-m</CODE>
-<DD>Job control is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>).
+<DD>Job control is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-n</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>emacs</CODE>
-<DD>Use an <CODE>emacs</CODE>-style line editing interface (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
+<DD>Use an <CODE>emacs</CODE>-style line editing interface (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
This also affects the editing interface used for <CODE>read -e</CODE>.
<P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>history</CODE>
-<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>.
+<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>.
This option is on by default in interactive shells.
<P>
<DT><CODE>posix</CODE>
<DD>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
from the POSIX standard to match the standard
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
This is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
standard.
<P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-B</CODE>
-<DD>The shell will perform brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>).
+<DD>The shell will perform brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>).
This option is on by default.
<P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-H</CODE>
-<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
This option is on by default for interactive shells.
<P>
<A NAME="The Shopt Builtin"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC63"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC64"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> > </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC63::-->
+<!--docid::SEC64::-->
<P>
This builtin allows you to change additional shell optional behavior.
<DT><CODE>-o</CODE>
<DD>Restricts the values of
<VAR>optname</VAR> to be those defined for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the
-<CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
</DL>
<P>
<DD>If set, Bash lists the status of any stopped and running jobs before
exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs are running, this causes
the exit to be deferred until a second exit is attempted without an
-intervening command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>).
+intervening command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>).
The shell always postpones exiting if any jobs are stopped.
<P>
<DT><CODE>expand_aliases</CODE>
<DD>If set, aliases are expanded as described below under Aliases,
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>.
This option is enabled by default for interactive shells.
<P>
<OL>
<LI>
-The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
+The <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>declare</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
displays the source file name and line number corresponding to each function
name supplied as an argument.
<P>
<LI>
<CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE> and <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE> are updated as described in their
-descriptions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+descriptions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<DT><CODE>extglob</CODE>
<DD>If set, the extended pattern matching features described above
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>) are enabled.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>) are enabled.
<P>
<DT><CODE>extquote</CODE>
<DD>If set, the suffixes specified by the <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> shell variable
cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even if
the ignored words are the only possible completions.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
This option is enabled by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>hostcomplete</CODE>
<DD>If set, and Readline is being used, Bash will attempt to perform
hostname completion when a word containing a <SAMP>`@'</SAMP> is being
-completed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>). This option is enabled
+completed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>). This option is enabled
by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>huponexit</CODE>
<DD>If set, Bash will send <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs when an interactive
-login shell exits (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+login shell exits (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>interactive_comments</CODE>
<DT><CODE>login_shell</CODE>
<DD>The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
The value may not be changed.
<P>
<DT><CODE>progcomp</CODE>
<DD>If set, the programmable completion facilities
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>) are enabled.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>) are enabled.
This option is enabled by default.
<P>
<DD>If set, prompt strings undergo
parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
expansion, and quote removal after being expanded
-as described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
+as described below (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
This option is enabled by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>restricted_shell</CODE>
<DD>The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
The value may not be changed.
This is not reset when the startup files are executed, allowing
the startup files to discover whether or not a shell is restricted.
<A NAME="Special Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC64"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC65"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63"> < </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.4 Special Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC64::-->
+<!--docid::SEC65::-->
<P>
For historical reasons, the POSIX standard has classified
When Bash is not executing in POSIX mode, these builtins behave no
differently than the rest of the Bash builtin commands.
-The Bash POSIX mode is described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>.
+The Bash POSIX mode is described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>.
</P><P>
These are the POSIX special builtins:
<A NAME="Shell Variables"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC65"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC66"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 5. Shell Variables </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC65::-->
+<!--docid::SEC66::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables which Bash uses in the same way
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables which Bash uses in the same way
as the Bourne Shell.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">List of variables that exist in Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">List of variables that exist in Bash.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Bourne Shell Variables"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC66"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC67"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> < </A>]</TD>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 5.1 Bourne Shell Variables </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC66::-->
+<!--docid::SEC67::-->
<P>
Bash uses certain shell variables in the same way as the Bourne shell.
The current user's home directory; the default for the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin
command.
The value of this variable is also used by tilde expansion
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX116"></A>
<DT><CODE>PS1</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX129"></A>
The primary prompt string. The default value is <SAMP>`\s-\v\$ '</SAMP>.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for the complete list of escape
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for the complete list of escape
sequences that are expanded before <CODE>PS1</CODE> is displayed.
<P>
<A NAME="Bash Variables"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC67"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC68"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 5.2 Bash Variables </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC67::-->
+<!--docid::SEC68::-->
<P>
These variables are set or used by Bash, but other shells
A few variables used by Bash are described in different chapters:
variables for controlling the job control facilities
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>).
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DD><A NAME="IDX135"></A>
A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
the list is a valid argument for the <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> option to the
-<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
The options appearing in <CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE> are those reported
as <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by <SAMP>`shopt'</SAMP>.
If this variable is in the environment when Bash
<DD><A NAME="IDX139"></A>
An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
list of aliases as maintained by the <CODE>alias</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting array
elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
<P>
subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed is pushed onto
<CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE>.
The shell sets <CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE> only when in extended debugging mode
-(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
builtin).
<P>
at the bottom. When a subroutine is executed, the parameters supplied
are pushed onto <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE>.
The shell sets <CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE> only when in extended debugging mode
-(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+(see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
builtin).
<P>
<DD><A NAME="IDX145"></A>
An associative array variable whose members correspond to the internal
hash table of commands as maintained by the <CODE>hash</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
Elements added to this array appear in the hash table; unsetting array
elements cause commands to be removed from the hash table.
<P>
<DD><A NAME="IDX149"></A>
If this variable is set when Bash is invoked to execute a shell
script, its value is expanded and used as the name of a startup file
-to read before executing the script. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
+to read before executing the script. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX150"></A>
<A NAME="IDX160"></A>
<DT><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX161"></A>
-A readonly array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>)
+A readonly array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>)
whose members hold version information for this instance of Bash.
The values assigned to the array members are as follows:
<P>
An index into <CODE>${COMP_WORDS}</CODE> of the word containing the current
cursor position.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX170"></A>
The current command line.
This variable is available only in shell functions and external
commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX172"></A>
the value of this variable is equal to <CODE>${#COMP_LINE}</CODE>.
This variable is available only in shell functions and external
commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX174"></A>
<SAMP>`%'</SAMP>, for menu completion.
This variable is available only in shell functions and external
commands invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX176"></A>
The line is split into words as Readline would split it, using
<CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE> as described above.
This variable is available only in shell functions invoked by the
-programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+programmable completion facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX182"></A>
<DD><A NAME="IDX183"></A>
An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions
generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
-facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX184"></A>
<DT><CODE>ENV</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX191"></A>
Similar to <CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE>; used when the shell is invoked in
-POSIX Mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+POSIX Mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
<P>
<A NAME="IDX192"></A>
<P>
<A NAME="IDX200"></A>
-<DT><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
+<DT><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX201"></A>
+If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum function
+nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this nesting level
+will cause the current command to abort.
+<P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX202"></A>
+<DT><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX203"></A>
A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to
be ignored by filename expansion.
If a filename matched by a filename expansion pattern also matches one
of matches.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX202"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX204"></A>
<DT><CODE>GROUPS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX203"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX205"></A>
An array variable containing the list of groups of which the current
user is a member.
Assignments to <CODE>GROUPS</CODE> have no effect and return an error status.
subsequently reset.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX204"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX206"></A>
<DT><CODE>histchars</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX205"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX207"></A>
Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
-substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
The first character is the
<VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, that is, the character which signifies the
start of a history expansion, normally <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>. The second character is the
parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX206"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX208"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX207"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX209"></A>
The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
command. If <CODE>HISTCMD</CODE> is unset, it loses its special properties,
even if it is subsequently reset.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX208"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX210"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX209"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX211"></A>
A colon-separated list of values controlling how commands are saved on
the history list.
If the list of values includes <SAMP>`ignorespace'</SAMP>, lines which begin
<CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX210"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX212"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX211"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX213"></A>
The name of the file to which the command history is saved. The
default value is <TT>`~/.bash_history'</TT>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX212"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX214"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX213"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX215"></A>
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this
variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
necessary, by removing the oldest entries,
The default value is 500.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX214"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX216"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX215"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX217"></A>
A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the complete
provides the functionality of <CODE>ignoreboth</CODE>.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX216"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX218"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX217"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX219"></A>
The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list.
The default value is 500.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX218"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX220"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX219"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX221"></A>
If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a format string
for <VAR>strftime</VAR> to print the time stamp associated with each history
entry displayed by the <CODE>history</CODE> builtin.
other history lines.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX220"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX222"></A>
<DT><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX221"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX223"></A>
Contains the name of a file in the same format as <TT>`/etc/hosts'</TT> that
should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while the shell
When <CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX222"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX224"></A>
<DT><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX223"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX225"></A>
The name of the current host.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX224"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX226"></A>
<DT><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX225"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX227"></A>
A string describing the machine Bash is running on.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX226"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX228"></A>
<DT><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX227"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX229"></A>
Controls the action of the shell on receipt of an <CODE>EOF</CODE> character
as the sole input. If set, the value denotes the number
of consecutive <CODE>EOF</CODE> characters that can be read as the
input to the shell. This is only in effect for interactive shells.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX228"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX230"></A>
<DT><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX229"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX231"></A>
The name of the Readline initialization file, overriding the default
of <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX230"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX232"></A>
<DT><CODE>LANG</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX231"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX233"></A>
Used to determine the locale category for any category not specifically
selected with a variable starting with <CODE>LC_</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX232"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX234"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX233"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX235"></A>
This variable overrides the value of <CODE>LANG</CODE> and any other
<CODE>LC_</CODE> variable specifying a locale category.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX234"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX236"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX235"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX237"></A>
This variable determines the collation order used when sorting the
results of filename expansion, and
determines the behavior of range expressions, equivalence classes,
and collating sequences within filename expansion and pattern matching
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX236"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX238"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX237"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX239"></A>
This variable determines the interpretation of characters and the
behavior of character classes within filename expansion and pattern
-matching (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
+matching (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX238"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX240"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX239"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX241"></A>
This variable determines the locale used to translate double-quoted
strings preceded by a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX240"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX242"></A>
<DT><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX241"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX243"></A>
This variable determines the locale category used for number formatting.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX242"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX244"></A>
<DT><CODE>LINENO</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX243"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX245"></A>
The line number in the script or shell function currently executing.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX244"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX246"></A>
<DT><CODE>LINES</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX245"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX247"></A>
Used by the <CODE>select</CODE> builtin command to determine the column length
for printing selection lists. Automatically set upon receipt of a
<CODE>SIGWINCH</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX246"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX248"></A>
<DT><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX247"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX249"></A>
A string that fully describes the system type on which Bash
is executing, in the standard GNU <VAR>cpu-company-system</VAR> format.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX248"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX250"></A>
<DT><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX249"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX251"></A>
How often (in seconds) that the shell should check for mail in the
files specified in the <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE> or <CODE>MAIL</CODE> variables.
The default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check
greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX250"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX252"></A>
<DT><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX251"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX253"></A>
An array variable created to hold the text read by the
<CODE>mapfile</CODE> builtin when no variable name is supplied.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX252"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX254"></A>
<DT><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX253"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX255"></A>
The previous working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX254"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX256"></A>
<DT><CODE>OPTERR</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX255"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX257"></A>
If set to the value 1, Bash displays error messages
generated by the <CODE>getopts</CODE> builtin command.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX256"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX258"></A>
<DT><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX257"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX259"></A>
A string describing the operating system Bash is running on.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX258"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX260"></A>
<DT><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX259"></A>
-An array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>)
+<DD><A NAME="IDX261"></A>
+An array variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>)
containing a list of exit status values from the processes
in the most-recently-executed foreground pipeline (which may
contain only a single command).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX260"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX262"></A>
<DT><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX261"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX263"></A>
If this variable is in the environment when <CODE>bash</CODE> starts, the shell
-enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the
+enters POSIX mode (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>) before reading the
startup files, as if the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> invocation option had been supplied.
If it is set while the shell is running, <CODE>bash</CODE> enables POSIX mode,
as if the command
</pre></td></tr></table>had been executed.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX262"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX264"></A>
<DT><CODE>PPID</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX263"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX265"></A>
The process ID of the shell's parent process. This variable
is readonly.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX264"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX266"></A>
<DT><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX265"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX267"></A>
If set, the value is interpreted as a command to execute
before the printing of each primary prompt (<CODE>$PS1</CODE>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX266"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX268"></A>
<DT><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX267"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX269"></A>
If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of
trailing directory components to retain when expanding the <CODE>\w</CODE> and
-<CODE>\W</CODE> prompt string escapes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
+<CODE>\W</CODE> prompt string escapes (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX268"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX270"></A>
<DT><CODE>PS3</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX269"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX271"></A>
The value of this variable is used as the prompt for the
<CODE>select</CODE> command. If this variable is not set, the
<CODE>select</CODE> command prompts with <SAMP>`#? '</SAMP>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX270"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX272"></A>
<DT><CODE>PS4</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX271"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX273"></A>
The value is the prompt printed before the command line is echoed
-when the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+when the <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
The first character of <CODE>PS4</CODE> is replicated multiple times, as
necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indirection.
The default is <SAMP>`+ '</SAMP>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX272"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX274"></A>
<DT><CODE>PWD</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX273"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX275"></A>
The current working directory as set by the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX274"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX276"></A>
<DT><CODE>RANDOM</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX275"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX277"></A>
Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer
between 0 and 32767 is generated. Assigning a value to this
variable seeds the random number generator.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX276"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX278"></A>
<DT><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX277"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX279"></A>
The contents of the Readline line buffer, for use
-with <SAMP>`bind -x'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+with <SAMP>`bind -x'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX278"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX280"></A>
<DT><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX279"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX281"></A>
The position of the insertion point in the Readline line buffer, for use
-with <SAMP>`bind -x'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+with <SAMP>`bind -x'</SAMP> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX280"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX282"></A>
<DT><CODE>REPLY</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX281"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX283"></A>
The default variable for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX282"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX284"></A>
<DT><CODE>SECONDS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX283"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX285"></A>
This variable expands to the number of seconds since the
shell was started. Assignment to this variable resets
the count to the value assigned, and the expanded value
since the assignment.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX284"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX286"></A>
<DT><CODE>SHELL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX285"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX287"></A>
The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment variable.
If it is not set when the shell starts,
Bash assigns to it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX286"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX288"></A>
<DT><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX287"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX289"></A>
A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
the list is a valid argument for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the
-<CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>set</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
The options appearing in <CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE> are those reported
as <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by <SAMP>`set -o'</SAMP>.
If this variable is in the environment when Bash
reading any startup files. This variable is readonly.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX288"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX290"></A>
<DT><CODE>SHLVL</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX289"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX291"></A>
Incremented by one each time a new instance of Bash is started. This is
intended to be a count of how deeply your Bash shells are nested.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX290"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX292"></A>
<DT><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX291"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX293"></A>
The value of this parameter is used as a format string specifying
how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the <CODE>time</CODE>
reserved word should be displayed.
A trailing newline is added when the format string is displayed.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX292"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX294"></A>
<DT><CODE>TMOUT</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX293"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX295"></A>
If set to a value greater than zero, <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> is treated as the
-default timeout for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+default timeout for the <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
The <CODE>select</CODE> command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>) terminates
if input does not arrive after <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> seconds when input is coming
from a terminal.
not arrive.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX294"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX296"></A>
<DT><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX295"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX297"></A>
If set, Bash uses its value as the name of a directory in which
Bash creates temporary files for the shell's use.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX296"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX298"></A>
<DT><CODE>UID</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX297"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX299"></A>
The numeric real user id of the current user. This variable is readonly.
<P>
<A NAME="Bash Features"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC68"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC69"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 6. Bash Features </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC68::-->
+<!--docid::SEC69::-->
<P>
This section describes features unique to Bash.
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command line options that you can give
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command line options that you can give
to Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">When and how Bash executes scripts.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What an interactive shell is.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Primitives used in composing expressions for
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">When and how Bash executes scripts.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What an interactive shell is.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Primitives used in composing expressions for
the <CODE>test</CODE> builtin.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Arithmetic on shell variables.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Substituting one command for another.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Array Variables.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">History of visited directories.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Controlling the PS1 string.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A more controlled mode of shell execution.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Making Bash behave more closely to what
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Arithmetic on shell variables.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Substituting one command for another.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Array Variables.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">History of visited directories.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Controlling the PS1 string.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A more controlled mode of shell execution.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Making Bash behave more closely to what
the POSIX standard specifies.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Invoking Bash"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC69"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC70"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.1 Invoking Bash </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC69::-->
+<!--docid::SEC70::-->
<P>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-O <VAR>shopt_option</VAR>] [<VAR>argument</VAR> <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
All of the single-character options used with the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>) can be used as options when the shell is invoked.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>) can be used as options when the shell is invoked.
In addition, there are several multi-character
options that you can use. These options must appear on the command
line before the single-character options to be recognized.
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>--debugger</CODE>
<DD>Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
-starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
for a description of the <CODE>extdebug</CODE> option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
builtin).
<P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>--noediting</CODE>
-<DD>Do not use the GNU Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
+<DD>Do not use the GNU Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>)
to read command lines when the shell is interactive.
<P>
<DD>Change the behavior of Bash where the default operation differs
from the POSIX standard to match the standard. This
is intended to make Bash behave as a strict superset of that
-standard. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>, for a description of the Bash
+standard. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>, for a description of the Bash
POSIX mode.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--restricted</CODE>
-<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
+<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--verbose</CODE>
<DT><CODE>-i</CODE>
<DD>Force the shell to run interactively. Interactive shells are
-described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
+described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-l</CODE>
be executed.
<SAMP>`exec bash -l'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`exec bash --login'</SAMP>
will replace the current shell with a Bash login shell.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>, for a description of the special behavior
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>, for a description of the special behavior
of a login shell.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-r</CODE>
-<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
+<DD>Make the shell a restricted shell (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-s</CODE>
<DT><CODE>[-+]O [<VAR>shopt_option</VAR>]</CODE>
<DD><VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is one of the shell options accepted by the
-<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
If <VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is present, <SAMP>`-O'</SAMP> sets the value of that option;
<SAMP>`+O'</SAMP> unsets it.
If <VAR>shopt_option</VAR> is not supplied, the names and values of the shell
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX298"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX300"></A>
A <EM>login</EM> shell is one whose first character of argument zero is
<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>, or one invoked with the <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> option.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX299"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX301"></A>
An <EM>interactive</EM> shell is one started without non-option arguments,
unless <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP> is specified,
without specifying the <SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> option, and whose input and output are both
connected to terminals (as determined by <CODE>isatty(3)</CODE>), or one
-started with the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for more
+started with the <SAMP>`-i'</SAMP> option. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>, for more
information.
</P><P>
If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the
<SAMP>`-c'</SAMP> nor the <SAMP>`-s'</SAMP>
option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to
-be the name of a file containing shell commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>).
+be the name of a file containing shell commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>).
When Bash is invoked in this fashion, <CODE>$0</CODE>
is set to the name of the file, and the positional parameters
are set to the remaining arguments.
<A NAME="Bash Startup Files"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC70"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC71"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.2 Bash Startup Files </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC70::-->
+<!--docid::SEC71::-->
<P>
This section describes how Bash executes its startup files.
If any of the files exist but cannot be read, Bash reports an error.
Tildes are expanded in file names as described above under
-Tilde Expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
+Tilde Expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
</P><P>
-Interactive shells are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
+Interactive shells are described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC71"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC72"></A>
<H4> Invoked as an interactive login shell, or with <SAMP>`--login'</SAMP> </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC71::-->
+<!--docid::SEC72::-->
<P>
When Bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a
the file <TT>`~/.bash_logout'</TT>, if it exists.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC72"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC73"></A>
<H4> Invoked as an interactive non-login shell </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC72::-->
+<!--docid::SEC73::-->
<P>
When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, Bash
</pre></td></tr></table>after (or before) any login-specific initializations.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC73"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC74"></A>
<H4> Invoked non-interactively </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC73::-->
+<!--docid::SEC74::-->
<P>
When Bash is started non-interactively, to run a shell script,
login shell startup files.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC74"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC75"></A>
<H4> Invoked with name <CODE>sh</CODE> </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC74::-->
+<!--docid::SEC75::-->
<P>
If Bash is invoked with the name <CODE>sh</CODE>, it tries to mimic the
the startup files are read.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC75"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC76"></A>
<H4> Invoked in POSIX mode </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC75::-->
+<!--docid::SEC76::-->
<P>
When Bash is started in POSIX mode, as with the
No other startup files are read.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC76"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC77"></A>
<H4> Invoked by remote shell daemon </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC76::-->
+<!--docid::SEC77::-->
<P>
Bash attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
allow them to be specified.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="SEC77"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC78"></A>
<H4> Invoked with unequal effective and real UID/GIDs </H4>
-<!--docid::SEC77::-->
+<!--docid::SEC78::-->
<P>
If Bash is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to the
<A NAME="Interactive Shells"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC78"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC79"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.3 Interactive Shells </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC78::-->
+<!--docid::SEC79::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What determines whether a shell is Interactive.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to tell if a shell is interactive.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What changes in a interactive shell?</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What determines whether a shell is Interactive.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to tell if a shell is interactive.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What changes in a interactive shell?</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="What is an Interactive Shell?"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC79"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC80"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell? </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC79::-->
+<!--docid::SEC80::-->
<P>
An interactive shell
<A NAME="Is this Shell Interactive?"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC80"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC81"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive? </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC80::-->
+<!--docid::SEC81::-->
<P>
To determine within a startup script whether or not Bash is
<A NAME="Interactive Shell Behavior"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC81"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC82"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC80"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC81::-->
+<!--docid::SEC82::-->
<P>
When the shell is running interactively, it changes its behavior in
<OL>
<LI>
-Startup files are read and executed as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
+Startup files are read and executed as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>.
<P>
<LI>
-Job Control (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>) is enabled by default. When job
+Job Control (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>) is enabled by default. When job
control is in effect, Bash ignores the keyboard-generated job control
signals <CODE>SIGTTIN</CODE>, <CODE>SIGTTOU</CODE>, and <CODE>SIGTSTP</CODE>.
<P>
<LI>
Bash executes the value of the <CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> variable as a command
before printing the primary prompt, <CODE>$PS1</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to read commands from
+Readline (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>) is used to read commands from
the user's terminal.
<P>
<LI>
Bash inspects the value of the <CODE>ignoreeof</CODE> option to <CODE>set -o</CODE>
instead of exiting immediately when it receives an <CODE>EOF</CODE> on its
-standard input when reading a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+standard input when reading a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
-and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>)
+Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
+and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>)
are enabled by default.
Bash will save the command history to the file named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>
when an interactive shell exits.
<P>
<LI>
-Alias expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>) is performed by default.
+Alias expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>) is performed by default.
<P>
<LI>
In the absence of any traps, Bash ignores <CODE>SIGTERM</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
<P>
<LI>
In the absence of any traps, <CODE>SIGINT</CODE> is caught and handled
-((see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+((see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
<CODE>SIGINT</CODE> will interrupt some shell builtins.
<P>
<LI>
An interactive login shell sends a <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to all jobs on exit
-if the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
+if the <CODE>huponexit</CODE> shell option has been enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <SAMP>`-n'</SAMP> invocation option is ignored, and <SAMP>`set -n'</SAMP> has
-no effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+no effect (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash will check for mail periodically, depending on the values of the
<CODE>MAIL</CODE>, <CODE>MAILPATH</CODE>, and <CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE> shell variables
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Expansion errors due to references to unbound shell variables after
<SAMP>`set -u'</SAMP> has been enabled will not cause the shell to exit
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The shell will not exit on expansion errors caused by <VAR>var</VAR> being unset
or null in <CODE>${<VAR>var</VAR>:?<VAR>word</VAR>}</CODE> expansions
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
When running in POSIX mode, a special builtin returning an error
-status will not cause the shell to exit (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+status will not cause the shell to exit (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
<P>
<LI>
A failed <CODE>exec</CODE> will not cause the shell to exit
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
Simple spelling correction for directory arguments to the <CODE>cd</CODE>
builtin is enabled by default (see the description of the <CODE>cdspell</CODE>
-option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+option to the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The shell will check the value of the <CODE>TMOUT</CODE> variable and exit
if a command is not read within the specified number of seconds after
-printing <CODE>$PS1</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+printing <CODE>$PS1</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
</OL>
<A NAME="Bash Conditional Expressions"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC82"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC83"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC81"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC82::-->
+<!--docid::SEC83::-->
<P>
Conditional expressions are used by the <CODE>[[</CODE> compound command
<P>
<DT><CODE>-o <VAR>optname</VAR></CODE>
-<DD>True if shell option <VAR>optname</VAR> is enabled.
+<DD>True if the shell option <VAR>optname</VAR> is enabled.
The list of options appears in the description of the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP>
-option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-v <VAR>varname</VAR></CODE>
+<DD>True if the shell variable <VAR>varname</VAR> is set (has been assigned a value).
<P>
<DT><CODE>-z <VAR>string</VAR></CODE>
<A NAME="Shell Arithmetic"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC83"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC84"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.5 Shell Arithmetic </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC83::-->
+<!--docid::SEC84::-->
<P>
The shell allows arithmetic expressions to be evaluated, as one of
<A NAME="Aliases"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC84"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC85"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.6 Aliases </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC84::-->
+<!--docid::SEC85::-->
<P>
<VAR>Aliases</VAR> allow a string to be substituted for a word when it is used
There is no mechanism for using arguments in the replacement text,
as in <CODE>csh</CODE>.
If arguments are needed, a shell function should be used
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
</P><P>
Aliases are not expanded when the shell is not interactive,
unless the <CODE>expand_aliases</CODE> shell option is set using
-<CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>shopt</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
</P><P>
The rules concerning the definition and use of aliases are
<A NAME="Arrays"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC85"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC86"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.7 Arrays </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC85::-->
+<!--docid::SEC86::-->
<P>
Bash provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
limit on the size of an array, nor any requirement that members
be indexed or assigned contiguously.
Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including arithmetic
-expressions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) and are zero-based;
+expressions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>) and are zero-based;
associative arrays use arbitrary strings.
</P><P>
<A NAME="The Directory Stack"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC86"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC87"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.8 The Directory Stack </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC86::-->
+<!--docid::SEC87::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands to manipulate
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands to manipulate
the directory stack.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Directory Stack Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC87"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC88"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC87::-->
+<!--docid::SEC88::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>dirs</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX300"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX302"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>dirs [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-clpv]
</pre></td></tr></table>Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories
are added to the list with the <CODE>pushd</CODE> command; the
<P>
<DT><CODE>popd</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX301"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX303"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>popd [+<VAR>N</VAR> | -<VAR>N</VAR>] [-n]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX302"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX304"></A>
<DT><CODE>pushd</CODE>
<DD><TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pushd [-n] [<VAR>+N</VAR> | <VAR>-N</VAR> | <VAR>dir</VAR> ]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
<A NAME="Printing a Prompt"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC88"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC89"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.9 Controlling the Prompt </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC88::-->
+<!--docid::SEC89::-->
<P>
The value of the variable <CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE> is examined just before
The command number and the history number are usually different:
the history number of a command is its position in the history
list, which may include commands restored from the history file
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is
the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current
shell session.
</P><P>
After the string is decoded, it is expanded via
parameter expansion, command substitution, arithmetic
expansion, and quote removal, subject to the value of the
-<CODE>promptvars</CODE> shell option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<CODE>promptvars</CODE> shell option (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
</P><P>
<A NAME="The Restricted Shell"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC89"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC90"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.10 The Restricted Shell </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC89::-->
+<!--docid::SEC90::-->
<P>
If Bash is started with the name <CODE>rbash</CODE>, or the
</P><P>
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>rbash</CODE> turns off any restrictions in
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>), <CODE>rbash</CODE> turns off any restrictions in
the shell spawned to execute the script.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Bash POSIX Mode"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC90"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC91"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.11 Bash POSIX Mode </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC90::-->
+<!--docid::SEC91::-->
<P>
Starting Bash with the <SAMP>`--posix'</SAMP> command-line option or executing
results in an invalid expression.
<P>
+<LI>
+Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script read
+with the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins, or in a string processed by
+the <CODE>eval</CODE> builtin.
+<P>
+
<LI>
Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
in the redirection unless the shell is interactive.
during command lookup.
<P>
+<LI>
+The <CODE>time</CODE> reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When
+used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and its
+completed children. The <CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable controls the format
+of the timing information.
+<P>
+
+<LI>
+When parsing and expanding a ${<small>...</small>} expansion that appears within
+double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be used to
+quote a closing brace or other special character, unless the operator is
+one of those defined to perform pattern removal. In this case, they do
+not have to appear as matched pairs.
+<P>
+
<LI>
If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in
Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by specifying
the <SAMP>`--enable-strict-posix-default'</SAMP> to <CODE>configure</CODE> when building
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A>).
</P><P>
<A NAME="Job Control"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC91"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC92"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 7. Job Control </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC91::-->
+<!--docid::SEC92::-->
<P>
This chapter discusses what job control is, how it works, and how
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How job control works.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands used to interact
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How job control works.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Bash builtin commands used to interact
with job control.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables Bash uses to customize job
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Variables Bash uses to customize job
control.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Job Control Basics"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC92"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC93"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.1 Job Control Basics </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC92::-->
+<!--docid::SEC93::-->
<P>
Job control
before reporting changes in a job's status so as to not interrupt
any other output.
If the <SAMP>`-b'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is enabled,
-Bash reports such changes immediately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+Bash reports such changes immediately (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
Any trap on <CODE>SIGCHLD</CODE> is executed for each child process
that exits.
</P><P>
If an attempt to exit Bash is made while jobs are stopped, (or running, if
-the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is enabled -- see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the
+the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is enabled -- see <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), the
shell prints a warning message, and if the <CODE>checkjobs</CODE> option is
enabled, lists the jobs and their statuses.
The <CODE>jobs</CODE> command may then be used to inspect their status.
<A NAME="Job Control Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC93"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC94"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.2 Job Control Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC93::-->
+<!--docid::SEC94::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>bg</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX303"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX305"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Resume each suspended job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the background, as if it
had been started with <SAMP>`&'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>fg</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX304"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX306"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>fg [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Resume the job <VAR>jobspec</VAR> in the foreground and make it the current job.
If <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is not supplied, the current job is used.
<P>
<DT><CODE>jobs</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX305"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX307"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>jobs [-lnprs] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR>]
jobs -x <VAR>command</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>kill</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX306"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX308"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>kill [-s <VAR>sigspec</VAR>] [-n <VAR>signum</VAR>] [-<VAR>sigspec</VAR>] <VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR>
kill -l [<VAR>exit_status</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Send a signal specified by <VAR>sigspec</VAR> or <VAR>signum</VAR> to the process
<P>
<DT><CODE>wait</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX307"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX309"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>wait [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> or <VAR>pid</VAR> ...]
</pre></td></tr></table>Wait until the child process specified by each process ID <VAR>pid</VAR>
or job specification <VAR>jobspec</VAR> exits and return the exit status of the
<P>
<DT><CODE>disown</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX308"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX310"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>disown [-ar] [-h] [<VAR>jobspec</VAR> <small>...</small>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Without options, each <VAR>jobspec</VAR> is removed from the table of
active jobs.
<P>
<DT><CODE>suspend</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX309"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX311"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>suspend [-f]
</pre></td></tr></table>Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a
<CODE>SIGCONT</CODE> signal.
<A NAME="Job Control Variables"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC94"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC95"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.3 Job Control Variables </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC94::-->
+<!--docid::SEC95::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX310"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX312"></A>
<DT><CODE>auto_resume</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX311"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX313"></A>
This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
job control. If this variable exists then single word simple
commands without redirections are treated as candidates for resumption
if set to <SAMP>`substring'</SAMP>,
the string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
stopped job. The <SAMP>`substring'</SAMP> value provides functionality
-analogous to the <SAMP>`%?'</SAMP> job ID (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>).
+analogous to the <SAMP>`%?'</SAMP> job ID (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>).
If set to any other value, the supplied string must
be a prefix of a stopped job's name; this provides functionality
analogous to the <SAMP>`%'</SAMP> job ID.
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX312"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX314"></A>
</P><P>
<A NAME="Command Line Editing"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC95"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC96"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 8. Command Line Editing </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC95::-->
+<!--docid::SEC96::-->
<P>
This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU
Command line editing is enabled by default when using an interactive shell,
unless the <SAMP>`--noediting'</SAMP> option is supplied at shell invocation.
Line editing is also used when using the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option to the
-<CODE>read</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<CODE>read</CODE> builtin command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
By default, the line editing commands are similar to those of emacs.
A vi-style line editing interface is also available.
Line editing can be enabled at any time using the <SAMP>`-o emacs'</SAMP> or
<SAMP>`-o vi'</SAMP> options to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin command
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), or disabled using the <SAMP>`+o emacs'</SAMP> or
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>), or disabled using the <SAMP>`+o emacs'</SAMP> or
<SAMP>`+o vi'</SAMP> options to <CODE>set</CODE>.
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands
available for binding</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline
behave like the vi editor.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify the possible completions for
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify the possible completions for
a specific command.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands to specify how to
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands to specify how to
complete arguments for a particular command.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Introduction and Notation"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC96"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC97"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.1 Introduction to Line Editing </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC96::-->
+<!--docid::SEC97::-->
<P>
The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically,
<KBD>DEL</KBD>, <KBD>ESC</KBD>, <KBD>LFD</KBD>, <KBD>SPC</KBD>, <KBD>RET</KBD>, and <KBD>TAB</KBD> all
stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A>).
If your keyboard lacks a <KBD>LFD</KBD> key, typing <KBD>C-j</KBD> will
produce the desired character.
The <KBD>RET</KBD> key may be labeled <KBD>Return</KBD> or <KBD>Enter</KBD> on
<A NAME="Readline Interaction"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC97"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC98"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.2 Readline Interaction </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC97::-->
+<!--docid::SEC98::-->
<P>
Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text,
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Readline Bare Essentials"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC98"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC99"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC98::-->
+<!--docid::SEC99::-->
<P>
In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed
<A NAME="Readline Movement Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC99"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC100"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC99::-->
+<!--docid::SEC100::-->
<P>
The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need
<A NAME="Readline Killing Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC100"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC101"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC100::-->
+<!--docid::SEC101::-->
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX313"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX314"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX315"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX316"></A>
</P><P>
<EM>Killing</EM> text means to delete the text from the line, but to save
ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously
typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing
another line.
-<A NAME="IDX315"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX317"></A>
</P><P>
Here is the list of commands for killing text.
<A NAME="Readline Arguments"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC101"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC102"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.4 Readline Arguments </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC101::-->
+<!--docid::SEC102::-->
<P>
You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the
<A NAME="Searching"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC102"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC103"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC102::-->
+<!--docid::SEC103::-->
<P>
Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
for lines containing a specified string.
There are two search modes: <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Readline Init File"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC103"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC104"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.3 Readline Init File </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC103::-->
+<!--docid::SEC104::-->
<P>
Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<br>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<br>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Readline Init File Syntax"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC104"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC105"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC104::-->
+<!--docid::SEC105::-->
<P>
There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the
Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored.
Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> are comments.
Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> indicate conditional
-constructs (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines
+constructs (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines
denote variable settings and key bindings.
</P><P>
</P><P>
The <CODE>bind -V</CODE> command lists the current Readline variable names
-and values. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
+and values. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
</P><P>
A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following
variables.
</P><P>
-<A NAME="IDX316"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX318"></A>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>bell-style</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX317"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX319"></A>
Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
If set to <SAMP>`none'</SAMP>, Readline never rings the bell. If set to
<SAMP>`visible'</SAMP>, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
<P>
<DT><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX318"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX320"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline attempts to bind the control characters
treated specially by the kernel's terminal driver to their Readline
equivalents.
<P>
<DT><CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX319"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX321"></A>
The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the
<CODE>insert-comment</CODE> command is executed. The default value
is <CODE>"#"</CODE>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX320"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX322"></A>
The number of screen columns used to display possible matches
when performing completion.
The value is ignored if it is less than 0 or greater than the terminal
<P>
<DT><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX321"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX323"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion
in a case-insensitive fashion.
The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX324"></A>
+If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, and <VAR>completion-ignore-case</VAR> is enabled, Readline
+treats hyphens (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>) and underscores (<SAMP>`_'</SAMP>) as equivalent when
+performing case-insensitive filename matching and completion.
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX322"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX325"></A>
The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of possible
completions that is displayed without modification. When set to a
value greater than zero, common prefixes longer than this value are
<P>
<DT><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX323"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX326"></A>
The number of possible completions that determines when the user is
asked whether the list of possibilities should be displayed.
If the number of possible completions is greater than this value,
<P>
<DT><CODE>convert-meta</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX324"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX327"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will convert characters with the
eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth
bit and prefixing an <KBD>ESC</KBD> character, converting them to a
<P>
<DT><CODE>disable-completion</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX325"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX328"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will inhibit word completion.
Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had
been mapped to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>editing-mode</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX326"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX329"></A>
The <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable controls which default set of
key bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing
mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be
<P>
<DT><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX327"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX330"></A>
When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable the application
keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
arrow keys. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX328"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX331"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, tilde expansion is performed when Readline
attempts word completion. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX329"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX332"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, the history code attempts to place the point (the
current cursor position) at the
same location on each history line retrieved with <CODE>previous-history</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>history-size</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX330"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX333"></A>
Set the maximum number of history entries saved in the history list. If
set to zero, the number of entries in the history list is not limited.
<P>
<DT><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX331"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX334"></A>
This variable can be set to either <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. Setting it
to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll
horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width
<P>
<DT><CODE>input-meta</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX332"></A>
-<A NAME="IDX333"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX335"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX336"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it
will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads),
regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The
<P>
<DT><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX334"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX337"></A>
The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without
-subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>).
+subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>).
If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and
<KBD>C-J</KBD> will terminate an incremental search.
<P>
<DT><CODE>keymap</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX335"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX338"></A>
Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands.
Acceptable <CODE>keymap</CODE> names are
<CODE>emacs</CODE>,
<P>
<DT><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX336"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX339"></A>
This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to display an
asterisk (<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>) at the start of history lines which have been modified.
This variable is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX337"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX340"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed names which are symbolic links
to directories have a slash appended (subject to the value of
<CODE>mark-directories</CODE>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX338"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX341"></A>
This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to match files whose
names begin with a <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> (hidden files) when performing filename
completion.
<P>
<DT><CODE>output-meta</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX339"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX342"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display characters with the
eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
sequence. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>page-completions</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX340"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX343"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline uses an internal <CODE>more</CODE>-like pager
to display a screenful of possible completions at a time.
This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default.
<P>
<DT><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX341"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX344"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will undo all changes to history lines
before returning when <CODE>accept-line</CODE> is executed. By default,
history lines may be modified and retain individual undo lists across
<P>
<DT><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX342"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX345"></A>
This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If
set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>,
words which have more than one possible completion cause the
<P>
<DT><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX343"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX346"></A>
This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in
a fashion similar to <VAR>show-all-if-ambiguous</VAR>.
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>,
<P>
<DT><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX344"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX347"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, this alters the default completion behavior when
inserting a single match into the line. It's only active when
performing completion in the middle of a word. If enabled, readline
<P>
<DT><CODE>visible-stats</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX345"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX348"></A>
If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, a character denoting a file's type
is appended to the filename when listing possible
completions. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>.
The <CODE>bind -p</CODE> command displays Readline function names and
bindings in a format that can put directly into an initialization file.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="Conditional Init Constructs"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC105"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC106"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC105::-->
+<!--docid::SEC106::-->
<P>
Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
<A NAME="Sample Init File"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC106"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC107"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.3 Sample Init File </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC106::-->
+<!--docid::SEC107::-->
<P>
Here is an example of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This illustrates key
<A NAME="Bindable Readline Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC107"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC108"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC106"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.4 Bindable Readline Commands </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC107::-->
+<!--docid::SEC108::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
sequences.
You can list your key bindings by executing
<CODE>bind -P</CODE> or, for a more terse format, suitable for an
-<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, <CODE>bind -p</CODE>. (See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.)
+<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, <CODE>bind -p</CODE>. (See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>.)
Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Commands For Moving"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC108"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC109"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.1 Commands For Moving </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC108::-->
+<!--docid::SEC109::-->
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX346"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX349"></A>
<DT><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX347"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX350"></A>
Move to the start of the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX348"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX351"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX349"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX352"></A>
Move to the end of the line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX350"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX353"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX351"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX354"></A>
Move forward a character.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX352"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX355"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX353"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX356"></A>
Move back a character.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX354"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX357"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX355"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX358"></A>
Move forward to the end of the next word.
Words are composed of letters and digits.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX356"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX359"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX357"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX360"></A>
Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
Words are composed of letters and digits.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX358"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX361"></A>
<DT><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX359"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX362"></A>
Move forward to the end of the next word.
Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX360"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX363"></A>
<DT><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX361"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX364"></A>
Move back to the start of the current or previous word.
Words are delimited by non-quoted shell metacharacters.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX362"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX365"></A>
<DT><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX363"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX366"></A>
Clear the screen and redraw the current line,
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX364"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX367"></A>
<DT><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX365"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX368"></A>
Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound.
<P>
<A NAME="Commands For History"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC109"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC110"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC109::-->
+<!--docid::SEC110::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX366"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX369"></A>
<DT><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX367"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX370"></A>
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is.
If this line is
non-empty, add it to the history list according to the setting of
to its original state.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX368"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX371"></A>
<DT><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX369"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX372"></A>
Move `back' through the history list, fetching the previous command.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX370"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX373"></A>
<DT><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX371"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX374"></A>
Move `forward' through the history list, fetching the next command.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX372"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX375"></A>
<DT><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-<)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX373"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX376"></A>
Move to the first line in the history.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX374"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX377"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-of-history (M->)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX375"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX378"></A>
Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
being entered.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX376"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX379"></A>
<DT><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX377"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX380"></A>
Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through
the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX378"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX381"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX379"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX382"></A>
Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through
the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX380"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX383"></A>
<DT><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX381"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX384"></A>
Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
for a string supplied by the user.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX382"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX385"></A>
<DT><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX383"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX386"></A>
Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
for a string supplied by the user.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX384"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX387"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX385"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX388"></A>
Search forward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point.
This is a non-incremental search.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX386"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX389"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX387"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX390"></A>
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
between the start of the current line and the point. This
is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX388"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX391"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX389"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX392"></A>
Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually
the second word on the previous line) at point.
With an argument <VAR>n</VAR>,
as if the <SAMP>`!<VAR>n</VAR>'</SAMP> history expansion had been specified.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX390"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX393"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX391"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX394"></A>
Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the
previous history entry). With an
argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>.
<A NAME="Commands For Text"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC110"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC111"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC110::-->
+<!--docid::SEC111::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX392"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX395"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX393"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX396"></A>
Delete the character at point. If point is at the
beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and
the last character typed was not bound to <CODE>delete-char</CODE>, then
return EOF.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX394"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX397"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX395"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX398"></A>
Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means
to kill the characters instead of deleting them.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX396"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX399"></A>
<DT><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX397"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX400"></A>
Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the
end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is
deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX398"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX401"></A>
<DT><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX399"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX402"></A>
Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is
how to insert key sequences like <KBD>C-q</KBD>, for example.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX400"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX403"></A>
<DT><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX401"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX404"></A>
Insert yourself.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX402"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX405"></A>
<DT><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX403"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX406"></A>
Drag the character before the cursor forward over
the character at the cursor, moving the
cursor forward as well. If the insertion point
Negative arguments have no effect.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX404"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX407"></A>
<DT><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX405"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX408"></A>
Drag the word before point past the word after point,
moving point past that word as well.
If the insertion point is at the end of the line, this transposes
the last two words on the line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX406"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX409"></A>
<DT><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX407"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX410"></A>
Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX408"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX411"></A>
<DT><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX409"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX412"></A>
Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX410"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX413"></A>
<DT><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX411"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX414"></A>
Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX412"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX415"></A>
<DT><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX413"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX416"></A>
Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument,
switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric
argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only
<A NAME="Commands For Killing"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC111"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC112"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.4 Killing And Yanking </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC111::-->
+<!--docid::SEC112::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX414"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX417"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX415"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX418"></A>
Kill the text from point to the end of the line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX416"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX419"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX417"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX420"></A>
Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX418"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX421"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX419"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX422"></A>
Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX420"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX423"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX421"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX424"></A>
Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.
By default, this is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX422"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX425"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX423"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX426"></A>
Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
words, to the end of the next word.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX424"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX427"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX425"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX428"></A>
Kill the word behind point.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX426"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX429"></A>
<DT><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX427"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX430"></A>
Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between
words, to the end of the next word.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>shell-forward-word</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX428"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX431"></A>
<DT><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX429"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX432"></A>
Kill the word behind point.
Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>shell-backward-word</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX430"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX433"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX431"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX434"></A>
Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary.
The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX432"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX435"></A>
<DT><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX433"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX436"></A>
Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character
as the word boundaries.
The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX434"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX437"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX435"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX438"></A>
Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX436"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX439"></A>
<DT><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX437"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX440"></A>
Kill the text in the current region.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX438"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX441"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX439"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX442"></A>
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked
right away. By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX440"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX443"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX441"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX444"></A>
Copy the word before point to the kill buffer.
The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX442"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX445"></A>
<DT><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX443"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX446"></A>
Copy the word following point to the kill buffer.
The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>.
By default, this command is unbound.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX444"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX447"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX445"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX448"></A>
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX446"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX449"></A>
<DT><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX447"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX450"></A>
Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if
the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>.
</DL>
<A NAME="Numeric Arguments"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC112"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC113"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC112::-->
+<!--docid::SEC113::-->
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX448"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX451"></A>
<DT><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX449"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX452"></A>
Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new
argument. <KBD>M--</KBD> starts a negative argument.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX450"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX453"></A>
<DT><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX451"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX454"></A>
This is another way to specify an argument.
If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a
leading minus sign, those digits define the argument.
<A NAME="Commands For Completion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC113"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC114"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> > </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC113::-->
+<!--docid::SEC114::-->
<P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX452"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX455"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX453"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX456"></A>
Attempt to perform completion on the text before point.
The actual completion performed is application-specific.
Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the
of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX454"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX457"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX455"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX458"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point.
When displaying completions, Readline sets the number of columns used
for display to the value of <CODE>completion-display-width</CODE>, the value of
the environment variable <CODE>COLUMNS</CODE>, or the screen width, in that order.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX456"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX459"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX457"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX460"></A>
Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
been generated by <CODE>possible-completions</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX458"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX461"></A>
<DT><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX459"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX462"></A>
Similar to <CODE>complete</CODE>, but replaces the word to be completed
with a single match from the list of possible completions.
Repeated execution of <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> steps through the list
by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX460"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX463"></A>
<DT><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX461"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX464"></A>
Identical to <CODE>menu-complete</CODE>, but moves backward through the list
of possible completions, as if <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> had been given a
negative argument.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX462"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX465"></A>
<DT><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX463"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX466"></A>
Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or
end of the line (like <CODE>delete-char</CODE>).
If at the end of the line, behaves identically to
This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX464"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX467"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX465"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX468"></A>
Attempt filename completion on the text before point.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX466"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX469"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX467"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX470"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a filename.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX468"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX471"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX469"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX472"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
it as a username.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX470"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX473"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX471"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX474"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a username.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX472"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX475"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX473"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX476"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
it as a shell variable.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX474"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX477"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX475"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX478"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a shell variable.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX476"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX479"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX477"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX480"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
it as a hostname.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX478"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX481"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX479"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX482"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a hostname.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX480"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX483"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX481"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX484"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
it as a command name. Command completion attempts to
match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell
in that order.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX482"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX485"></A>
<DT><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX483"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX486"></A>
List the possible completions of the text before point,
treating it as a command name.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX484"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX487"></A>
<DT><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX485"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX488"></A>
Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing
the text against lines from the history list for possible
completion matches.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX486"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX489"></A>
<DT><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX487"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX490"></A>
Attempt menu completion on the text before point, comparing
the text against lines from the history list for possible
completion matches.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX488"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX491"></A>
<DT><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX489"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX492"></A>
Perform filename completion and insert the list of possible completions
enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>).
<P>
</DL>
<A NAME="Keyboard Macros"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC114"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC115"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.7 Keyboard Macros </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC114::-->
+<!--docid::SEC115::-->
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX490"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX493"></A>
<DT><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX491"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX494"></A>
Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX492"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX495"></A>
<DT><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX493"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX496"></A>
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
and save the definition.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX494"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX497"></A>
<DT><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX495"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX498"></A>
Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters
in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
<P>
<A NAME="Miscellaneous Commands"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC115"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC116"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC115::-->
+<!--docid::SEC116::-->
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX496"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX499"></A>
<DT><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX497"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX500"></A>
Read in the contents of the <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, and incorporate
any bindings or variable assignments found there.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX498"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX501"></A>
<DT><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX499"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX502"></A>
Abort the current editing command and
ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of
<CODE>bell-style</CODE>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX500"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX503"></A>
<DT><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX501"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX504"></A>
If the metafied character <VAR>x</VAR> is lowercase, run the command
that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX502"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX505"></A>
<DT><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX503"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX506"></A>
Metafy the next character typed. This is for keyboards
without a meta key. Typing <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> f'</SAMP> is equivalent to typing
<KBD>M-f</KBD>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX504"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX507"></A>
<DT><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX505"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX508"></A>
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX506"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX509"></A>
<DT><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX507"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX510"></A>
Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the <CODE>undo</CODE>
command enough times to get back to the beginning.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX508"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX511"></A>
<DT><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX509"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX512"></A>
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX510"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX513"></A>
<DT><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX511"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX514"></A>
Set the mark to the point. If a
numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX512"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX515"></A>
<DT><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX513"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX516"></A>
Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to
the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX514"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX517"></A>
<DT><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX515"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX518"></A>
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that
character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX516"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX519"></A>
<DT><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX517"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX520"></A>
A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence
of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent
occurrences.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX518"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX521"></A>
<DT><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX519"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX522"></A>
Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those
defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a
Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this sequence is
but usually bound to ESC-[.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX520"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX523"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX521"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX524"></A>
Without a numeric argument, the value of the <CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.
If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if
will be executed by the shell.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX522"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX525"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX523"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX526"></A>
Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the
Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX524"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX527"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX525"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX528"></A>
Print all of the settable variables and their values to the
Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX526"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX529"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX527"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX530"></A>
Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX528"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX531"></A>
<DT><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX529"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX532"></A>
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is used to
generate a list of matching file names for possible completions.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX530"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX533"></A>
<DT><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX531"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX534"></A>
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
and the list of matching file names is inserted, replacing the word.
If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before
pathname expansion.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX532"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX535"></A>
<DT><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX533"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX536"></A>
The list of expansions that would have been generated by
<CODE>glob-expand-word</CODE> is displayed, and the line is redrawn.
If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before
pathname expansion.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX534"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX537"></A>
<DT><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX535"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX538"></A>
Display version information about the current instance of Bash.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX536"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX539"></A>
<DT><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX537"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX540"></A>
Expand the line as the shell does.
This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell
-word expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
+word expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX538"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX541"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX539"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX542"></A>
Perform history expansion on the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX540"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX543"></A>
<DT><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX541"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX544"></A>
Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX542"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX545"></A>
<DT><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX543"></A>
-Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+<DD><A NAME="IDX546"></A>
+Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX544"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX547"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX545"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX548"></A>
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX546"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX549"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX547"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX550"></A>
A synonym for <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX548"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX551"></A>
<DT><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX549"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX552"></A>
Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
argument is ignored.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX550"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX553"></A>
<DT><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX551"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX554"></A>
Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell
commands.
Bash attempts to invoke
<A NAME="Readline vi Mode"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC116"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC117"></A>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.5 Readline vi Mode </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC116::-->
+<!--docid::SEC117::-->
<P>
While the Readline library does not have a full set of <CODE>vi</CODE>
In order to switch interactively between <CODE>emacs</CODE> and <CODE>vi</CODE>
editing modes, use the <SAMP>`set -o emacs'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`set -o vi'</SAMP>
-commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
The Readline default is <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Programmable Completion"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC117"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC118"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.6 Programmable Completion </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC117::-->
+<!--docid::SEC118::-->
<P>
When word completion is attempted for an argument to a command for
which a completion specification (a <VAR>compspec</VAR>) has been defined
-using the <CODE>complete</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>),
+using the <CODE>complete</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>),
the programmable completion facilities are invoked.
</P><P>
Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of
matching words.
If a compspec is not found, the default Bash completion
-described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>) is performed.
+described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>) is performed.
</P><P>
First, the actions specified by the compspec are used.
When the <SAMP>`-f'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`-d'</SAMP> option is used for filename or
directory name completion, the shell variable <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE> is
used to filter the matches.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>, for a description of <CODE>FIGNORE</CODE>.
</P><P>
Any completions specified by a filename expansion pattern to the
Each word is then expanded using
brace expansion, tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion,
command substitution, and arithmetic expansion,
-as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
+as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
The results are split using the rules described above
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>).
The results of the expansion are prefix-matched against the word being
completed, and the matching words become the possible completions.
</P><P>
specified with the <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> options is invoked.
When the command or function is invoked, the <CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE>,
<CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE>, <CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE>, and <CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE> variables are
-assigned values as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+assigned values as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
If a shell function is being invoked, the <CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE> and
<CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE> variables are also set.
When the function or command is invoked, the first argument is the
Any function specified with <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> is invoked first.
The function may use any of the shell facilities, including the
<CODE>compgen</CODE> and <CODE>compopt</CODE> builtins described below
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), to generate the matches.
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), to generate the matches.
It must put the possible completions in the <CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE> array
variable.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Programmable Completion Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC118::-->
+<!--docid::SEC119::-->
<P>
Two builtin commands are available to manipulate the programmable completion
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>compgen</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX552"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX555"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compgen [<VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>word</VAR>]</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>complete</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX553"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX556"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <VAR>comp-option</VAR>] [-DE] [-A <VAR>action</VAR>] [-G <VAR>globpat</VAR>] [-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR>]
[-F <VAR>function</VAR>] [-C <VAR>command</VAR>] [-X <VAR>filterpat</VAR>]
[-P <VAR>prefix</VAR>] [-S <VAR>suffix</VAR>] <VAR>name</VAR> [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]</CODE>
</P><P>
The process of applying these completion specifications when word completion
-is attempted is described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). The
+is attempted is described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>). The
<SAMP>`-D'</SAMP> option takes precedence over <SAMP>`-E'</SAMP>.
</P><P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>binding</CODE>
-<DD>Readline key binding names (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>).
+<DD>Readline key binding names (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>builtin</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>helptopic</CODE>
-<DD>Help topics as accepted by the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<DD>Help topics as accepted by the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>hostname</CODE>
<DD>Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by the
-<CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> shell variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
+<CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE> shell variable (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>job</CODE>
<DT><CODE>setopt</CODE>
<DD>Valid arguments for the <SAMP>`-o'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>shopt</CODE>
<DD>Shell option names as accepted by the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>signal</CODE>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>compopt</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX554"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX557"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compopt</CODE> [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-DE] [+o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Modify completion options for each <VAR>name</VAR> according to the
<VAR>option</VAR>s, or for the currently-executing completion if no <VAR>name</VAR>s
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX555"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX558"></A>
</P><P>
<A NAME="Using History Interactively"></A>
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+<A NAME="SEC120"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 9. Using History Interactively </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC119::-->
+<!--docid::SEC120::-->
<P>
This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command
history.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate
the command history.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Bash History Facilities"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> > </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.1 Bash History Facilities </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC120::-->
+<!--docid::SEC121::-->
<P>
When the <SAMP>`-o history'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin
-is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>),
+is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>),
the shell provides access to the <EM>command history</EM>,
the list of commands previously typed.
The value of the <CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE> shell variable is used as the
When an interactive shell exits, the last
<CODE>$HISTSIZE</CODE> lines are copied from the history list to the file
named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>.
-If the <CODE>histappend</CODE> shell option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>),
+If the <CODE>histappend</CODE> shell option is set (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>),
the lines are appended to the history file,
otherwise the history file is overwritten.
If <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE>
list and manipulate the history file.
When using command-line editing, search commands
are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
-history list (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>).
+history list (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>).
</P><P>
The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
shell option causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines
instead of semicolons.
The <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin is used to set these options.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of <CODE>shopt</CODE>.
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of <CODE>shopt</CODE>.
</P><P>
<A NAME="Bash History Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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+<A NAME="SEC122"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.2 Bash History Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC121::-->
+<!--docid::SEC122::-->
<P>
Bash provides two builtin commands which manipulate the
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>fc</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX556"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX559"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>fc [-e <VAR>ename</VAR>] [-lnr] [<VAR>first</VAR>] [<VAR>last</VAR>]</CODE>
<CODE>fc -s [<VAR>pat</VAR>=<VAR>rep</VAR>] [<VAR>command</VAR>]</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
A useful alias to use with the <CODE>fc</CODE> command is <CODE>r='fc -s'</CODE>, so
that typing <SAMP>`r cc'</SAMP> runs the last command beginning with <CODE>cc</CODE>
-and typing <SAMP>`r'</SAMP> re-executes the last command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+and typing <SAMP>`r'</SAMP> re-executes the last command (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>).
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>history</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX557"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX560"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>history [<VAR>n</VAR>]
history -c
history -d <VAR>offset</VAR>
<A NAME="History Interaction"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC122"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC123"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.3 History Expansion </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC122::-->
+<!--docid::SEC123::-->
<P>
The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar
</P><P>
Several shell options settable with the <CODE>shopt</CODE>
-builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) may be used to tailor
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>) may be used to tailor
the behavior of history expansion. If the
<CODE>histverify</CODE> shell option is enabled, and Readline
is being used, history substitutions are not immediately passed to
The shell allows control of the various characters used by the
history expansion mechanism with the <CODE>histchars</CODE> variable,
-as explained above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). The shell uses
+as explained above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>). The shell uses
the history comment character to mark history timestamps when
writing the history file.
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Event Designators"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC123"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC124"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 9.3.1 Event Designators </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC123::-->
+<!--docid::SEC124::-->
<P>
An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
history list.
-<A NAME="IDX558"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX561"></A>
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="Word Designators"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC124"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC125"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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<H3> 9.3.2 Word Designators </H3>
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Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.
<A NAME="Modifiers"></A>
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<H3> 9.3.3 Modifiers </H3>
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<P>
After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more
<A NAME="Installing Bash"></A>
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<H1> 10. Installing Bash </H1>
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<P>
This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various
systems.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more
than one kind of system from
the same source tree.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU
programs.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when
building Bash.</TD></TR>
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<P>
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<H2> 10.1 Basic Installation </H2>
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<P>
These are installation instructions for Bash.
<A NAME="Compilers and Options"></A>
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<H2> 10.2 Compilers and Options </H2>
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Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking
<A NAME="Compiling For Multiple Architectures"></A>
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<H2> 10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures </H2>
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<P>
You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the
<A NAME="Installation Names"></A>
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<H2> 10.4 Installation Names </H2>
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<P>
By default, <SAMP>`make install'</SAMP> will install into
<A NAME="Specifying the System Type"></A>
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<H2> 10.5 Specifying the System Type </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC131::-->
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<P>
There may be some features <CODE>configure</CODE> can not figure out
<A NAME="Sharing Defaults"></A>
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<H2> 10.6 Sharing Defaults </H2>
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<P>
If you want to set default values for <CODE>configure</CODE> scripts to
<A NAME="Operation Controls"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.7 Operation Controls </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC133::-->
+<!--docid::SEC134::-->
<P>
<CODE>configure</CODE> recognizes the following options to control how it
<A NAME="Optional Features"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC134"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC135"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.8 Optional Features </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC134::-->
+<!--docid::SEC135::-->
<P>
The Bash <CODE>configure</CODE> has a number of <SAMP>`--enable-<VAR>feature</VAR>'</SAMP>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>--enable-alias</CODE>
<DD>Allow alias expansion and include the <CODE>alias</CODE> and <CODE>unalias</CODE>
-builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-arith-for-command</CODE>
<DT><CODE>--enable-array-variables</CODE>
<DD>Include support for one-dimensional array shell variables
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-bang-history</CODE>
<DD>Include support for <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history substitution
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-brace-expansion</CODE>
<DD>Include <CODE>csh</CODE>-like brace expansion
( <CODE>b{a,b}c</CODE> ==> <CODE>bac bbc</CODE> ).
-See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>, for a complete description.
+See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>, for a complete description.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-casemod-attributes</CODE>
<DT><CODE>--enable-directory-stack</CODE>
<DD>Include support for a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack and the
<CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-disabled-builtins</CODE>
<DD>Allow builtin commands to be invoked via <SAMP>`builtin xxx'</SAMP>
even after <CODE>xxx</CODE> has been disabled using <SAMP>`enable -n xxx'</SAMP>.
-See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for details of the <CODE>builtin</CODE> and
+See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for details of the <CODE>builtin</CODE> and
<CODE>enable</CODE> builtin commands.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-extended-glob</CODE>
<DD>Include support for the extended pattern matching features described
-above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>.
+above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-extended-glob-default</CODE>
<DD>Set the default value of the <VAR>extglob</VAR> shell option described
-above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> to be enabled.
+above under <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A> to be enabled.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-help-builtin</CODE>
<DD>Include the <CODE>help</CODE> builtin, which displays help on shell builtins and
-variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-history</CODE>
<DD>Include command history and the <CODE>fc</CODE> and <CODE>history</CODE>
-builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>).
+builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-job-control</CODE>
-<DD>This enables the job control features (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>),
+<DD>This enables the job control features (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>),
if the operating system supports them.
<P>
<DD>This enables the special handling of filenames of the form
<CODE>/dev/tcp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE> and
<CODE>/dev/udp/<VAR>host</VAR>/<VAR>port</VAR></CODE>
-when used in redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+when used in redirections (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-process-substitution</CODE>
-<DD>This enables process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>) if
+<DD>This enables process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>) if
the operating system provides the necessary support.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-progcomp</CODE>
<DD>Enable the programmable completion facilities
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
If Readline is not enabled, this option has no effect.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-prompt-string-decoding</CODE>
<DD>Turn on the interpretation of a number of backslash-escaped characters
in the <CODE>$PS1</CODE>, <CODE>$PS2</CODE>, <CODE>$PS3</CODE>, and <CODE>$PS4</CODE> prompt
-strings. See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for a complete list of prompt
+strings. See <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>, for a complete list of prompt
string escape sequences.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-readline</CODE>
<DD>Include support for command-line editing and history with the Bash
-version of the Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
+version of the Readline library (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-restricted</CODE>
<DD>Include support for a <EM>restricted shell</EM>. If this is enabled, Bash,
when called as <CODE>rbash</CODE>, enters a restricted mode. See
-<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>, for a description of restricted mode.
+<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>, for a description of restricted mode.
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-select</CODE>
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-strict-posix-default</CODE>
-<DD>Make Bash POSIX-conformant by default (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+<DD>Make Bash POSIX-conformant by default (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-usg-echo-default</CODE>
This sets the default value of the <CODE>xpg_echo</CODE> shell option to <CODE>on</CODE>,
which makes the Bash <CODE>echo</CODE> behave more like the version specified in
the Single Unix Specification, version 3.
-See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of the escape sequences that
+See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>, for a description of the escape sequences that
<CODE>echo</CODE> recognizes.
<P>
<A NAME="Reporting Bugs"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC135"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC136"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> A. Reporting Bugs </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC135::-->
+<!--docid::SEC136::-->
<P>
Please report all bugs you find in Bash.
<A NAME="Major Differences From The Bourne Shell"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC136"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC137"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC136::-->
+<!--docid::SEC137::-->
<P>
Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and
<LI>
Bash is POSIX-conformant, even where the POSIX specification
-differs from traditional <CODE>sh</CODE> behavior (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
+differs from traditional <CODE>sh</CODE> behavior (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has multi-character invocation options (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
+Bash has multi-character invocation options (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has command-line editing (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>) and
+Bash has command-line editing (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>) and
the <CODE>bind</CODE> builtin.
<P>
<LI>
Bash provides a programmable word completion mechanism
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>), and builtin commands
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>), and builtin commands
<CODE>complete</CODE>, <CODE>compgen</CODE>, and <CODE>compopt</CODE>, to
manipulate it.
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the
+Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the
<CODE>history</CODE> and <CODE>fc</CODE> builtins to manipulate it.
The Bash history list maintains timestamp information and uses the
value of the <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable to display it.
<LI>
Bash implements <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history expansion
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has one-dimensional array variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>), and the
+Bash has one-dimensional array variables (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>), and the
appropriate variable expansions and assignment syntax to use them.
Several of the Bash builtins take options to act on arrays.
Bash provides a number of built-in array variables.
<P>
<LI>
-Bash includes brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>) and tilde
-expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
+Bash includes brace expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>) and tilde
+expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash implements command aliases and the <CODE>alias</CODE> and <CODE>unalias</CODE>
-builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>).
+builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash provides shell arithmetic, the <CODE>((</CODE> compound command
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A>),
-and arithmetic expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
+and arithmetic expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
Bash includes the POSIX pattern removal <SAMP>`%'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`#'</SAMP>, <SAMP>`%%'</SAMP>
and <SAMP>`##'</SAMP> expansions to remove leading or trailing substrings from
-variable values (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+variable values (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The expansion <CODE>${#xx}</CODE>, which returns the length of <CODE>${xx}</CODE>,
-is supported (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+is supported (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The expansion <CODE>${var:</CODE><VAR>offset</VAR><CODE>[:</CODE><VAR>length</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>,
which expands to the substring of <CODE>var</CODE>'s value of length
<VAR>length</VAR>, beginning at <VAR>offset</VAR>, is present
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The expansion
<CODE>${var/[/]</CODE><VAR>pattern</VAR><CODE>[/</CODE><VAR>replacement</VAR><CODE>]}</CODE>,
which matches <VAR>pattern</VAR> and replaces it with <VAR>replacement</VAR> in
-the value of <CODE>var</CODE>, is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+the value of <CODE>var</CODE>, is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The expansion <CODE>${!<VAR>prefix}*</VAR></CODE> expansion, which expands to
the names of all shell variables whose names begin with <VAR>prefix</VAR>,
-is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+is available (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash has <VAR>indirect</VAR> variable expansion using <CODE>${!word}</CODE>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
The POSIX <CODE>$()</CODE> form of command substitution
-is implemented (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>),
+is implemented (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>),
and preferred to the Bourne shell's <CODE>"</CODE> (which
is also implemented for backwards compatibility).
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>).
+Bash has process substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>).
<P>
<LI>
current user (<CODE>UID</CODE>, <CODE>EUID</CODE>, and <CODE>GROUPS</CODE>), the current host
(<CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE>, <CODE>OSTYPE</CODE>, <CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE>, and <CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE>),
and the instance of Bash that is running (<CODE>BASH</CODE>,
-<CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>, and <CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>). See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>,
+<CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE>, and <CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE>). See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>,
for details.
<P>
<LI>
The <CODE>IFS</CODE> variable is used to split only the results of expansion,
-not all words (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>).
+not all words (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>).
This closes a longstanding shell security hole.
<P>
<LI>
Bash implements the full set of POSIX filename expansion operators,
including <VAR>character classes</VAR>, <VAR>equivalence classes</VAR>, and
-<VAR>collating symbols</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
+<VAR>collating symbols</VAR> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash implements extended pattern matching features when the <CODE>extglob</CODE>
-shell option is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>).
+shell option is enabled (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
Bash functions are permitted to have local variables using the
<CODE>local</CODE> builtin, and thus useful recursive functions may be written
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Variable assignments preceding commands affect only that command, even
-builtins and functions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A>).
+builtins and functions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A>).
In <CODE>sh</CODE>, all variable assignments
preceding commands are global unless the command is executed from the
file system.
<LI>
Bash performs filename expansion on filenames specified as operands
-to input and output redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+to input and output redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash contains the <SAMP>`<>'</SAMP> redirection operator, allowing a file to be
opened for both reading and writing, and the <SAMP>`&>'</SAMP> redirection
operator, for directing standard output and standard error to the same
-file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+file (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>).
<P>
<LI>
<LI>
Bash treats a number of filenames specially when they are
-used in redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+used in redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash can open network connections to arbitrary machines and services
-with the redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>).
+with the redirection operators (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <CODE>noclobber</CODE> option is available to avoid overwriting existing
-files with output redirection (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+files with output redirection (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
The <SAMP>`>|'</SAMP> redirection operator may be used to override <CODE>noclobber</CODE>.
<P>
<LI>
-The Bash <CODE>cd</CODE> and <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+The Bash <CODE>cd</CODE> and <CODE>pwd</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
each take <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> options to switch between logical and
physical modes.
<P>
<LI>
Bash allows a function to override a builtin with the same name, and provides
access to that builtin's functionality within the function via the
-<CODE>builtin</CODE> and <CODE>command</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+<CODE>builtin</CODE> and <CODE>command</CODE> builtins (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <CODE>command</CODE> builtin allows selective disabling of functions
-when command lookup is performed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+when command lookup is performed (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Individual builtins may be enabled or disabled using the <CODE>enable</CODE>
-builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The Bash <CODE>exec</CODE> builtin takes additional options that allow users
to control the contents of the environment passed to the executed
command, and what the zeroth argument to the command is to be
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Shell functions may be exported to children via the environment
-using <CODE>export -f</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
+using <CODE>export -f</CODE> (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The Bash <CODE>hash</CODE> builtin allows a name to be associated with
an arbitrary filename, even when that filename cannot be found by
searching the <CODE>$PATH</CODE>, using <SAMP>`hash -p'</SAMP>
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash includes a <CODE>help</CODE> builtin for quick reference to shell
-facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <CODE>printf</CODE> builtin is available to display formatted output
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-The Bash <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
+The Bash <CODE>read</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>)
will read a line ending in <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> with
the <SAMP>`-r'</SAMP> option, and will use the <CODE>REPLY</CODE> variable as a
default if no non-option arguments are supplied.
<LI>
The <CODE>return</CODE> builtin may be used to abort execution of scripts
executed with the <CODE>.</CODE> or <CODE>source</CODE> builtins
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash includes the <CODE>shopt</CODE> builtin, for finer control of shell
-optional capabilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), and allows these options
-to be set and unset at shell invocation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
+optional capabilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>), and allows these options
+to be set and unset at shell invocation (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash has much more optional behavior controllable with the <CODE>set</CODE>
-builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The <SAMP>`-x'</SAMP> (<CODE>xtrace</CODE>) option displays commands other than
simple commands when performing an execution trace
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-The <CODE>test</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
+The <CODE>test</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>)
is slightly different, as it implements the POSIX algorithm,
which specifies the behavior based on the number of arguments.
<P>
<P>
<LI>
-The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
<CODE>DEBUG</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE>.
Commands specified with a <CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap are executed before every
simple command, <CODE>for</CODE> command, <CODE>case</CODE> command,
<CODE>DEBUG</CODE> trap.
<P>
-The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows an
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows an
<CODE>ERR</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to <CODE>EXIT</CODE> and <CODE>DEBUG</CODE>.
Commands specified with an <CODE>ERR</CODE> trap are executed after a simple
command fails, with a few exceptions.
<CODE>-o errtrace</CODE> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin is enabled.
</P><P>
-The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
+The <CODE>trap</CODE> builtin (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>) allows a
<CODE>RETURN</CODE> pseudo-signal specification, similar to
<CODE>EXIT</CODE> and <CODE>DEBUG</CODE>.
Commands specified with an <CODE>RETURN</CODE> trap are executed before
<LI>
The Bash <CODE>type</CODE> builtin is more extensive and gives more information
-about the names it finds (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
+about the names it finds (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>).
<P>
<LI>
The Bash <CODE>umask</CODE> builtin permits a <SAMP>`-p'</SAMP> option to cause
the output to be displayed in the form of a <CODE>umask</CODE> command
-that may be reused as input (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
+that may be reused as input (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>).
<P>
<LI>
Bash implements a <CODE>csh</CODE>-like directory stack, and provides the
<CODE>pushd</CODE>, <CODE>popd</CODE>, and <CODE>dirs</CODE> builtins to manipulate it
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>).
Bash also makes the directory stack visible as the value of the
<CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE> shell variable.
<P>
<LI>
Bash interprets special backslash-escaped characters in the prompt
-strings when interactive (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
+strings when interactive (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>).
<P>
<LI>
-The Bash restricted mode is more useful (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>);
+The Bash restricted mode is more useful (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>);
the SVR4.2 shell restricted mode is too limited.
<P>
<LI>
The <CODE>disown</CODE> builtin can remove a job from the internal shell
-job table (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or suppress the sending
+job table (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>) or suppress the sending
of <CODE>SIGHUP</CODE> to a job when the shell exits as the result of a
<CODE>SIGHUP</CODE>.
<P>
</UL>
<P>
-More features unique to Bash may be found in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A>.
+More features unique to Bash may be found in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6. Bash Features</A>.
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC137"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC138"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC137::-->
+<!--docid::SEC138::-->
<P>
Since Bash is a completely new implementation, it does not suffer from
<A NAME="GNU Free Documentation License"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC138"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC139"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> C. GNU Free Documentation License </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC138::-->
+<!--docid::SEC139::-->
<P>
<center>
</OL>
<P>
-<A NAME="SEC139"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC140"></A>
<H2> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC139::-->
+<!--docid::SEC140::-->
<P>
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
<A NAME="Indexes"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC140"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC141"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> D. Indexes </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC140::-->
+<!--docid::SEC141::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the
variable you want.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in
this manual.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Builtin Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC141"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC142"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC141::-->
+<!--docid::SEC142::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_:" style="text-decoration:none"><b>:</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_."></A>.</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX69"><CODE>.</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX69"><CODE>.</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_:"></A>:</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX68"><CODE>:</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX68"><CODE>:</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_["></A>[</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX84"><CODE>[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX84"><CODE>[</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX89"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX89"><CODE>alias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX90"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX70"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX91"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX305"><CODE>bg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX90"><CODE>bind</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX70"><CODE>break</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX91"><CODE>builtin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX552"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX553"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX554"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX555"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX556"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX557"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX94"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX308"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX94"><CODE>declare</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302"><CODE>dirs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX310"><CODE>disown</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX95"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX96"><CODE>enable</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX73"><CODE>eval</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX74"><CODE>exec</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX75"><CODE>exit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX95"><CODE>echo</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX96"><CODE>enable</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX73"><CODE>eval</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX74"><CODE>exec</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX75"><CODE>exit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX556"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX559"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX77"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX77"><CODE>getopts</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX557"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX560"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX305"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX308"><CODE>kill</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX98"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX99"><CODE>local</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX100"><CODE>logout</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX98"><CODE>let</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX99"><CODE>local</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX100"><CODE>logout</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX101"><CODE>mapfile</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX101"><CODE>mapfile</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX102"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX302"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX79"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX303"><CODE>popd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX102"><CODE>printf</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX304"><CODE>pushd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX79"><CODE>pwd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX103"><CODE>read</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX104"><CODE>readarray</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX80"><CODE>readonly</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX81"><CODE>return</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX103"><CODE>read</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX104"><CODE>readarray</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX80"><CODE>readonly</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX81"><CODE>return</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX110"><CODE>set</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX82"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX111"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX105"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX309"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX110"><CODE>set</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX82"><CODE>shift</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX111"><CODE>shopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX105"><CODE>source</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX311"><CODE>suspend</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX83"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX85"><CODE>times</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX86"><CODE>trap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX106"><CODE>type</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX107"><CODE>typeset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX83"><CODE>test</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX85"><CODE>times</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX86"><CODE>trap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX106"><CODE>type</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX107"><CODE>typeset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX108"><CODE>ulimit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX87"><CODE>umask</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX109"><CODE>unalias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX88"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX108"><CODE>ulimit</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX87"><CODE>umask</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX109"><CODE>unalias</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX88"><CODE>unset</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX309"><CODE>wait</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A>
<A NAME="Reserved Word Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC142"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC143"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC142::-->
+<!--docid::SEC143::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#rw_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_[" style="text-decoration:none"><b>[</b></A>
<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX36"><CODE>fi</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX31"><CODE>for</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC20">3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX45"><CODE>function</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX45"><CODE>function</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="rw_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX32"><CODE>if</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
<A NAME="Variable Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC143"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC144"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.3 Parameter and Variable Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC143::-->
+<!--docid::SEC144::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_#" style="text-decoration:none"><b>#</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_!"></A>!</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX58"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX59"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX58"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX59"><CODE>!</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_#"></A>#</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51"><CODE>#</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_$"></A>$</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX57"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX57"><CODE>$</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_*"></A>*</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX46"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX47"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX46"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX47"><CODE>*</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_-"></A>-</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55"><CODE>-</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_0"></A>0</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX60"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX61"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX60"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX61"><CODE>0</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_?"></A>?</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53"><CODE>?</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_@"></A>@</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX48"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX49"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX48"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX49"><CODE>@</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr__"></A>_</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX62"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX63"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX62"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX63"><CODE>_</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX310"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX311"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX312"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX313"><CODE>auto_resume</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX132"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX133"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX138"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX139"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX140"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX141"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX142"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX143"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX144"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX134"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX135"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX136"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX137"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX317"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX318"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX132"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX133"><CODE>BASH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX138"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX139"><CODE>BASH_ALIASES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX140"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX141"><CODE>BASH_ARGC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX142"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX143"><CODE>BASH_ARGV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX144"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX145"><CODE>BASH_CMDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX146"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX147"><CODE>BASH_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX148"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX149"><CODE>BASH_ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX150"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX151"><CODE>BASH_EXECUTION_STRING</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX152"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX153"><CODE>BASH_LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX154"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX155"><CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX156"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX157"><CODE>BASH_SOURCE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX158"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX159"><CODE>BASH_SUBSHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX160"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX161"><CODE>BASH_VERSINFO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX162"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX163"><CODE>BASH_VERSION</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX164"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX165"><CODE>BASH_XTRACEFD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX134"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX135"><CODE>BASHOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX136"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX137"><CODE>BASHPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319"><CODE>bell-style</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320"><CODE>bind-tty-special-chars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX112"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX113"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX319"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX320"><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321"><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX112"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX113"><CODE>CDPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX166"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX167"><CODE>COLUMNS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX321"><CODE>comment-begin</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX168"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX169"><CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX176"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX177"><CODE>COMP_KEY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX170"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX171"><CODE>COMP_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX172"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX173"><CODE>COMP_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX174"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX175"><CODE>COMP_TYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX178"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX179"><CODE>COMP_WORDBREAKS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX180"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX181"><CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX322"><CODE>completion-display-width</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX323"><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX324"><CODE>completion-map-case</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>completion-prefix-display-length</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX182"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX183"><CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>convert-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX184"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX185"><CODE>COPROC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX325"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX186"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX187"><CODE>DIRSTACK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX328"><CODE>disable-completion</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX326"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX327"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX328"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX329"><CODE>editing-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX188"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX189"><CODE>EMACS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX330"><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX190"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX191"><CODE>ENV</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX192"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX193"><CODE>EUID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX331"><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX199"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX194"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX195"><CODE>FCEDIT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX196"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX197"><CODE>FIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX198"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX199"><CODE>FUNCNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX200"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX201"><CODE>FUNCNEST</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX200"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX201"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX202"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX203"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX202"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX203"><CODE>GLOBIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX204"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX205"><CODE>GROUPS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX204"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX205"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX206"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX207"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX208"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX209"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX210"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX211"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX212"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX213"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX214"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX215"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX329"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX330"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX216"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX217"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX218"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX219"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX114"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX115"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX331"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX220"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX221"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX222"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX223"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX224"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX225"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX206"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX207"><CODE>histchars</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX208"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX209"><CODE>HISTCMD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX210"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX211"><CODE>HISTCONTROL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX212"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX213"><CODE>HISTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX214"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX215"><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX216"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX217"><CODE>HISTIGNORE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>history-preserve-point</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>history-size</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX218"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX219"><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX220"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX221"><CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX114"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX115"><CODE>HOME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX222"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX223"><CODE>HOSTFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX224"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX225"><CODE>HOSTNAME</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX226"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX227"><CODE>HOSTTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX116"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX117"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX226"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX227"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX332"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX228"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX229"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX334"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX116"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX117"><CODE>IFS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX228"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX229"><CODE>IGNOREEOF</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>input-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX230"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX231"><CODE>INPUTRC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX335"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>keymap</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX230"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX231"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX232"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX233"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX234"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX235"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX236"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX237"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX232"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX233"><CODE>LANG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX234"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX235"><CODE>LC_ALL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX236"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX237"><CODE>LC_COLLATE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX238"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX239"><CODE>LC_CTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX21"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX238"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX239"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX240"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX241"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX242"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX243"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX244"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX245"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX240"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX241"><CODE>LC_MESSAGES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX242"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX243"><CODE>LC_NUMERIC</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX244"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX245"><CODE>LINENO</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX246"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX247"><CODE>LINES</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX246"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX247"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX118"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX119"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX248"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX249"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX120"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX121"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX250"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX251"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX337"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX338"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX333"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX248"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX249"><CODE>MACHTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX118"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX119"><CODE>MAIL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX250"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX251"><CODE>MAILCHECK</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX120"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX121"><CODE>MAILPATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX252"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX253"><CODE>MAPFILE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX336"><CODE>meta-flag</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX252"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX253"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX122"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX123"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX254"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX255"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX124"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX125"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX256"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX257"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX339"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX254"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX255"><CODE>OLDPWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX122"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX123"><CODE>OPTARG</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX256"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX257"><CODE>OPTERR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX124"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX125"><CODE>OPTIND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX258"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX259"><CODE>OSTYPE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX342"><CODE>output-meta</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX340"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX126"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX127"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX258"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX259"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX260"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX261"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX262"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX263"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX264"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX265"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX266"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX267"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX128"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX129"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX130"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX131"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX268"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX269"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX270"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX271"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX272"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX273"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX343"><CODE>page-completions</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX126"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX127"><CODE>PATH</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX260"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX261"><CODE>PIPESTATUS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX262"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX263"><CODE>POSIXLY_CORRECT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX264"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX265"><CODE>PPID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX266"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX267"><CODE>PROMPT_COMMAND</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX268"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX269"><CODE>PROMPT_DIRTRIM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX128"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX129"><CODE>PS1</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX130"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX131"><CODE>PS2</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX270"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX271"><CODE>PS3</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX272"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX273"><CODE>PS4</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX274"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX275"><CODE>PWD</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX274"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX275"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX276"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX277"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX278"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX279"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX280"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX281"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX341"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX276"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX277"><CODE>RANDOM</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX278"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX279"><CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX280"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX281"><CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX282"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX283"><CODE>REPLY</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX344"><CODE>revert-all-at-newline</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX282"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX283"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX342"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX343"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX344"><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX284"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX285"><CODE>SECONDS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX286"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX287"><CODE>SHELL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX288"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX289"><CODE>SHELLOPTS</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291"><CODE>SHLVL</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX345"><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>skip-completed-text</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX22"><CODE>TEXTDOMAIN</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX23"><CODE>TEXTDOMAINDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX290"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX291"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX292"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX293"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX294"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX295"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX292"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX293"><CODE>TIMEFORMAT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX294"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX295"><CODE>TMOUT</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX296"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297"><CODE>TMPDIR</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX296"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX297"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299"><CODE>UID</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="vr_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX345"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>visible-stats</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A NAME="Function Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC144"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC145"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.4 Function Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC144::-->
+<!--docid::SEC145::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX542"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX543"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX502"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX545"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX546"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX395"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX428"><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX429"><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX424"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX425"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX357"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX346"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX347"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX355"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX397"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX398"><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX432"><CODE>backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX427"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX428"><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX375"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX376"><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-&#60;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX349"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX350"><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX494"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX514"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX515"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX452"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX453"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX481"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX476"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX477"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX488"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX489"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX469"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX472"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX473"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX441"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX442"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX438"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX439"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX414"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX517"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX518"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX519"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX520"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX455"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX484"><CODE>complete-command (M-!)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>complete-filename (M-/)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX480"><CODE>complete-hostname (M-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>complete-into-braces (M-{)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX472"><CODE>complete-username (M-~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX476"><CODE>complete-variable (M-$)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX444"><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX445"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX446"><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX441"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX442"><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX392"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX462"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX463"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX448"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX449"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX534"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX535"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX522"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX523"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX526"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX527"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX524"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX525"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX484"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX485"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX489"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX490"><CODE>dabbrev-expand ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX395"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX396"><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX438"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX451"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX452"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX537"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX538"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX525"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX526"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX529"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX530"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX527"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX528"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX487"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX488"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX550"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX551"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX374"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX375"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX348"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX349"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX512"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX513"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX553"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX554"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX495"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX377"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX351"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX515"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX516"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX396"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX397"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX350"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX351"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX354"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX355"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX399"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX400"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX354"><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX382"><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX357"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX358"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX528"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX529"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX530"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX531"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX532"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX533"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX531"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX532"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX533"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX534"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX535"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX536"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX544"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX545"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX538"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX539"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX386"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX384"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX547"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX548"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX541"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX542"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX387"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX520"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX521"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX546"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX547"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX523"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX524"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX549"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX550"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX414"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX423"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX439"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX423"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX424"><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX425"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX426"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX540"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX541"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX461"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX543"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX544"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX461"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX462"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX463"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX382"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX383"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX374"><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX386"><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX383"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX384"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX548"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX549"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX551"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX552"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX415"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX454"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX455"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX471"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX475"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX502"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX485"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX486"><CODE>possible-command-completions (C-x !)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX469"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX470"><CODE>possible-filename-completions (C-x /)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX481"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>possible-hostname-completions (C-x @)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX473"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX474"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX477"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX478"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX398"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX399"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX401"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX402"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX496"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX497"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX376"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX377"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX506"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX509"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX510"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX400"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX401"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX510"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX511"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX360"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX536"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX537"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX358"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX426"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX427"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX518"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX519"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX490"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX491"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX513"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX514"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX539"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX540"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX361"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX429"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX430"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX521"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX522"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX494"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX509"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX402"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX403"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX511"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX512"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX405"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX450"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX451"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX432"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX433"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX430"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX507"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX508"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX453"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX454"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX433"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX444"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX445"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX389"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX446"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX447"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX447"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX448"><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX394"><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX392"><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX449"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX450"><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A NAME="Concept Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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+<A NAME="SEC146"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ > ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
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<H2> D.5 Concept Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC145::-->
+<!--docid::SEC146::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">alias expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">arithmetic evaluation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">arithmetic expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">arithmetic, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">arrays</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">alias expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">arithmetic evaluation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">arithmetic expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">arithmetic, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">arrays</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">background</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">background</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">Bourne shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">brace expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">brace expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2">builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_C"></A>C</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">command editing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command execution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">command expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command search</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">command substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">command editing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">command execution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">command search</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">command substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX26">command timing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">commands, compound</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC19">3.2.4 Compound Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">commands, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC21">3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">commands, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15">3.2 Shell Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">commands, simple</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">comments, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">3.1.3 Comments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">completion builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">completion builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3">control operator</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">coprocess</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">directory stack</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">directory stack</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">editing command lines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">evaluation, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">execution environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">editing command lines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">evaluation, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">execution environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">expansion, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">expansion, brace</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX64">expansion, filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">expansion, parameter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX65">expansion, pathname</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">expansion, tilde</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">expressions, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">expressions, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">expansion, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">expansion, brace</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX64">expansion, filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">expansion, parameter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX65">expansion, pathname</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">expansion, tilde</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">expressions, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">expressions, conditional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5">field</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX6">filename</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX66">filename expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">foreground</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">functions, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX66">filename expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">foreground</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">functions, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX558">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX555">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX561">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX558">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX11">identifier</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX299">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">internationalization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX7">job</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX8">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">job control</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX315">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX313">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX317">kill ring</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX315">killing text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_L"></A>L</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">localization</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX298">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX300">login shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">matching, pattern</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">matching, pattern</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX9">metacharacter</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_N"></A>N</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX10">name</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">native languages</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">notation, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">notation, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX12">operator, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_P"></A>P</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">parameter expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">parameters</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">parameters, positional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">parameters, special</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX67">pathname expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">pattern matching</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">parameter expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">parameters</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">parameters, positional</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">parameters, special</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX67">pathname expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">pattern matching</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">pipeline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX1">POSIX</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">POSIX Mode</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX13">process group</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX14">process group ID</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">process substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">programmable completion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">prompting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">process substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">programmable completion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">prompting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">quoting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC8">3.1.2 Quoting</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">quoting, ANSI</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC12">3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX312">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">redirection</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX314">Readline, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">redirection</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX15">reserved word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">restricted shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">restricted shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX16">return status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">shell arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">shell function</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">shell script</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">shell variable</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">shell, interactive</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">shell arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">shell function</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">shell script</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">shell variable</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">shell, interactive</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX17">signal</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">signal handling</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">signal handling</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX18">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">startup files</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">suspending jobs</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">special builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">startup files</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">suspending jobs</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">tilde expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">tilde expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX19">token</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">translation, native languages</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC13">3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_V"></A>V</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">variable, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX316">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">variable, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX318">variables, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_W"></A>W</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX20">word</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">word splitting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">word splitting</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_Y"></A>Y</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX314">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX316">yanking text</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
</TABLE><P></P><table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
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<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Table of Contents</H1>
</UL>
<A NAME="TOC23" HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A>
<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC24" HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.2.6 GNU Parallel</A>
+<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC24" HREF="bashref.html#SEC24">3.3 Shell Functions</A>
+<A NAME="TOC25" HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC25" HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>
+<A NAME="TOC26" HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4 Shell Parameters</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC26" HREF="bashref.html#SEC26">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>
+<A NAME="TOC27" HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.1 Positional Parameters</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC27" HREF="bashref.html#SEC27">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>
+<A NAME="TOC28" HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.4.2 Special Parameters</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC28" HREF="bashref.html#SEC28">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>
+<A NAME="TOC29" HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC29" HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC30" HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC30" HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC31" HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC31" HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC32" HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC32" HREF="bashref.html#SEC32">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>
+<A NAME="TOC33" HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC33" HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC34" HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC34" HREF="bashref.html#SEC34">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>
+<A NAME="TOC35" HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.6 Process Substitution</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC35" HREF="bashref.html#SEC35">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>
+<A NAME="TOC36" HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.7 Word Splitting</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC36" HREF="bashref.html#SEC36">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC37" HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC37" HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>
+<A NAME="TOC38" HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC38" HREF="bashref.html#SEC38">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>
+<A NAME="TOC39" HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.5.9 Quote Removal</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC39" HREF="bashref.html#SEC39">3.6 Redirections</A>
+<A NAME="TOC40" HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6 Redirections</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC40" HREF="bashref.html#SEC40">3.6.1 Redirecting Input</A>
+<A NAME="TOC41" HREF="bashref.html#SEC41">3.6.1 Redirecting Input</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC41" HREF="bashref.html#SEC41">3.6.2 Redirecting Output</A>
+<A NAME="TOC42" HREF="bashref.html#SEC42">3.6.2 Redirecting Output</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC42" HREF="bashref.html#SEC42">3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output</A>
+<A NAME="TOC43" HREF="bashref.html#SEC43">3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC43" HREF="bashref.html#SEC43">3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A>
+<A NAME="TOC44" HREF="bashref.html#SEC44">3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC44" HREF="bashref.html#SEC44">3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A>
+<A NAME="TOC45" HREF="bashref.html#SEC45">3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC45" HREF="bashref.html#SEC45">3.6.6 Here Documents</A>
+<A NAME="TOC46" HREF="bashref.html#SEC46">3.6.6 Here Documents</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC46" HREF="bashref.html#SEC46">3.6.7 Here Strings</A>
+<A NAME="TOC47" HREF="bashref.html#SEC47">3.6.7 Here Strings</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC47" HREF="bashref.html#SEC47">3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors</A>
+<A NAME="TOC48" HREF="bashref.html#SEC48">3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC48" HREF="bashref.html#SEC48">3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors</A>
+<A NAME="TOC49" HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC49" HREF="bashref.html#SEC49">3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A>
+<A NAME="TOC50" HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC50" HREF="bashref.html#SEC50">3.7 Executing Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC51" HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7 Executing Commands</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC51" HREF="bashref.html#SEC51">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC52" HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC52" HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A>
+<A NAME="TOC53" HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC53" HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>
+<A NAME="TOC54" HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC54" HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.4 Environment</A>
+<A NAME="TOC55" HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC55" HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>
+<A NAME="TOC56" HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC56" HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.6 Signals</A>
+<A NAME="TOC57" HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.7.6 Signals</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC57" HREF="bashref.html#SEC57">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>
+<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">3.8 Shell Scripts</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC60" HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC60" HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC61" HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC61" HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A>
+<A NAME="TOC62" HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC62" HREF="bashref.html#SEC62">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>
+<A NAME="TOC63" HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.1 The Set Builtin</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC63" HREF="bashref.html#SEC63">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
+<A NAME="TOC64" HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC64" HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.4 Special Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">4.4 Special Builtins</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5. Shell Variables</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC67" HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.1 Bourne Shell Variables</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC67" HREF="bashref.html#SEC67">5.2 Bash Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A>
+<A NAME="TOC69" HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6. Bash Features</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC69" HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>
+<A NAME="TOC70" HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC70" HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>
+<A NAME="TOC71" HREF="bashref.html#SEC71">6.2 Bash Startup Files</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC78" HREF="bashref.html#SEC78">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>
+<A NAME="TOC79" HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC79" HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A>
+<A NAME="TOC80" HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell?</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC80" HREF="bashref.html#SEC80">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A>
+<A NAME="TOC81" HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive?</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC81" HREF="bashref.html#SEC81">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A>
+<A NAME="TOC82" HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC82" HREF="bashref.html#SEC82">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>
+<A NAME="TOC83" HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC83" HREF="bashref.html#SEC83">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>
+<A NAME="TOC84" HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC84" HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.6 Aliases</A>
+<A NAME="TOC85" HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC85" HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.7 Arrays</A>
+<A NAME="TOC86" HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.7 Arrays</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC86" HREF="bashref.html#SEC86">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>
+<A NAME="TOC87" HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8 The Directory Stack</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC87" HREF="bashref.html#SEC87">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC88" HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC88" HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>
+<A NAME="TOC89" HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.9 Controlling the Prompt</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC89" HREF="bashref.html#SEC89">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC90" HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.10 The Restricted Shell</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC90" HREF="bashref.html#SEC90">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>
+<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">6.11 Bash POSIX Mode</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>
+<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>
+<A NAME="TOC93" HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC93" HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC94" HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC94" HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">7.3 Job Control Variables</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>
+<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A>
+<A NAME="TOC97" HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC97" HREF="bashref.html#SEC97">8.2 Readline Interaction</A>
+<A NAME="TOC98" HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2 Readline Interaction</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC98" HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A>
+<A NAME="TOC99" HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC99" HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC100" HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC100" HREF="bashref.html#SEC100">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC101" HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC101" HREF="bashref.html#SEC101">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A>
+<A NAME="TOC102" HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.4 Readline Arguments</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC102" HREF="bashref.html#SEC102">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>
+<A NAME="TOC103" HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC103" HREF="bashref.html#SEC103">8.3 Readline Init File</A>
+<A NAME="TOC104" HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC104" HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A>
+<A NAME="TOC105" HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC105" HREF="bashref.html#SEC105">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>
+<A NAME="TOC106" HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC106" HREF="bashref.html#SEC106">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A>
+<A NAME="TOC107" HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.3.3 Sample Init File</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC107" HREF="bashref.html#SEC107">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC108" HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC108" HREF="bashref.html#SEC108">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A>
+<A NAME="TOC109" HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC109" HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>
+<A NAME="TOC110" HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC110" HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A>
+<A NAME="TOC111" HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC111" HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A>
+<A NAME="TOC112" HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC112" HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A>
+<A NAME="TOC113" HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC113" HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>
+<A NAME="TOC114" HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC114" HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A>
+<A NAME="TOC115" HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC115" HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC116" HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC116" HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A>
+<A NAME="TOC117" HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.5 Readline vi Mode</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC117" HREF="bashref.html#SEC117">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC118" HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC118" HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A>
+<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>
+<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.3 History Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3.1 Event Designators</A>
+<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.2 Word Designators</A>
+<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.2 Word Designators</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.3 Modifiers</A>
+<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.3 Modifiers</A>
<BR>
</UL>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A>
+<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10.1 Basic Installation</A>
+<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.2 Compilers and Options</A>
+<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.2 Compilers and Options</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A>
+<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.4 Installation Names</A>
+<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.4 Installation Names</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A>
+<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A>
+<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.7 Operation Controls</A>
+<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.7 Operation Controls</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.8 Optional Features</A>
+<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
+<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
+<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A>
+<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A>
+<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.4 Function Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC145" HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.4 Function Index</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC145" HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.5 Concept Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC146" HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.5 Concept Index</A>
<BR>
</UL>
</UL>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Short Table of Contents</H1>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC5" HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC58" HREF="bashref.html#SEC58">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC59" HREF="bashref.html#SEC59">4. Shell Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC65" HREF="bashref.html#SEC65">5. Shell Variables</A>
+<A NAME="TOC66" HREF="bashref.html#SEC66">5. Shell Variables</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC68" HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">6. Bash Features</A>
+<A NAME="TOC69" HREF="bashref.html#SEC69">6. Bash Features</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC91" HREF="bashref.html#SEC91">7. Job Control</A>
+<A NAME="TOC92" HREF="bashref.html#SEC92">7. Job Control</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC95" HREF="bashref.html#SEC95">8. Command Line Editing</A>
+<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">9. Using History Interactively</A>
+<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">10. Installing Bash</A>
+<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
+<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
+<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">D. Indexes</A>
+<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A>
<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>May, 20 2010</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>June, 1 2010</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>May, 20 2010</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>June, 1 2010</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.1, 17 April 2010).
+the Bash shell (version 4.1, 30 May 2010).
- This is Edition 4.1, last updated 17 April 2010, of `The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.1, last updated 30 May 2010, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.1.
Copyright (C) 1988-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.1, 17 April 2010).
+the Bash shell (version 4.1, 30 May 2010).
- This is Edition 4.1, last updated 17 April 2010, of `The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.1, last updated 30 May 2010, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.1.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value HH
(one or two hex digits)
+`\uHHHH'
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ hexadecimal value HHHH (one to four hex digits)
+
+`\UHHHHHHHH'
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ hexadecimal value HHHHHHHH (one to eight hex digits)
+
`\cX'
a control-X character
* Lists:: How to execute commands sequentially.
* Compound Commands:: Shell commands for control flow.
* Coprocesses:: Two-way communication between commands.
+* GNU Parallel:: Running commands in parallel.
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Simple Commands, Next: Pipelines, Up: Shell Commands
builtins, shell functions, and pipelines. An external `time' command
cannot time these easily.
+ When the shell is in POSIX mode (*note Bash POSIX Mode::), `time'
+may be followed by a newline. In this case, the shell displays the
+total user and system time consumed by the shell and its children. The
+`TIMEFORMAT' variable may be used to specify the format of the time
+information.
+
If the pipeline is not executed asynchronously (*note Lists::), the
shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to complete.
LIST.
\1f
-File: bashref.info, Node: Coprocesses, Prev: Compound Commands, Up: Shell Commands
+File: bashref.info, Node: Coprocesses, Next: GNU Parallel, Prev: Compound Commands, Up: Shell Commands
3.2.5 Coprocesses
-----------------
The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of COMMAND.
+\1f
+File: bashref.info, Node: GNU Parallel, Prev: Coprocesses, Up: Shell Commands
+
+3.2.6 GNU Parallel
+------------------
+
+GNU Parallel, as its name suggests, can be used to build and run
+commands in parallel. You may run the same command with different
+arguments, whether they are filenames, usernames, hostnames, or lines
+read from files.
+
+ For a complete description, refer to the GNU Parallel documentation.
+A few examples should provide a brief introduction to its use.
+
+ For example, it is easy to prefix each line in a text file with a
+specified string:
+ cat file | parallel -k echo prefix_string
+ The `-k' option is required to preserve the lines' order.
+
+ Similarly, you can append a specified string to each line in a text
+file:
+ cat file | parallel -k echo {} append_string
+
+ You can use Parallel to move files from the current directory when
+the number of files is too large to process with one `mv' invocation:
+ ls | parallel mv {} destdir
+
+ As you can see, the {} is replaced with each line read from standard
+input. This will run as many `mv' commands as there are files in the
+current directory. You can emulate a parallel `xargs' by adding the
+`-X' option:
+ ls | parallel -X mv {} destdir
+
+ GNU Parallel can replace certain common idioms that operate on lines
+read from a file (in this case, filenames):
+ for x in $(cat list); do
+ do-something1 $x config-$x
+ do-something2 < $x
+ done | process-output
+
+with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:
+ cat list | parallel "do-something1 {} config-{} ; do-something2 < {}" | process-output
+
+ Parallel provides a built-in mechanism to remove filename
+extensions, which lends itself to batch file transformations or
+renaming:
+ ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 "zcat {} | bzip2 >{.}.bz2 && rm {}"
+ This will recompress all files in the current directory with names
+ending in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel.
+
+ If a command generates output, you may want to preserve the input
+order in the output. For instance, the following command
+ { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel traceroute
+ will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes
+first. Using the `-k' option, as we saw above
+ { echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; } | parallel -k traceroute
+ will ensure that the output of `traceroute foss.org.my' is displayed
+first.
+
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Shell Functions, Next: Shell Parameters, Prev: Shell Commands, Up: Basic Shell Features
*Note Bourne Shell Builtins::, for the description of the `trap'
builtin.
+ The `FUNCNEST' variable, if set to a numeric value greater than 0,
+defines a maximum function nesting level. Function invocations that
+exceed the limit cause the entire command to abort.
+
If the builtin command `return' is executed in a function, the
function completes and execution resumes with the next command after
the function call. Any command associated with the `RETURN' trap is
the function name and attributes are printed. If the `extdebug'
shell option is enabled using `shopt' (*note The Shopt Builtin::),
the source file name and line number where the function is defined
- are displayed as well. `-F' implies `-f'. The following options
- can be used to restrict output to variables with the specified
- attributes or to give variables attributes:
+ are displayed as well. `-F' implies `-f'.
+
+ The `-g' option forces variables to be created or modified at the
+ global scope, even when \fBdeclare\fP is executed in a shell
+ function. It is ignored in all other cases.
+
+ The following options can be used to restrict output to variables
+ with the specified attributes or to give variables attributes:
`-a'
Each NAME is an indexed array variable (*note Arrays::).
exceptions that `+a' may not be used to destroy an array variable
and `+r' will not remove the readonly attribute. When used in a
function, `declare' makes each NAME local, as with the `local'
- command. If a variable name is followed by =VALUE, the value of
- the variable is set to VALUE.
+ command, unless the `-g' option is used. If a variable name is
+ followed by =VALUE, the value of the variable is set to VALUE.
The return status is zero unless an invalid option is encountered,
an attempt is made to define a function using `-f foo=bar', an
the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value
HH (one or two hex digits)
+ `\uHHHH'
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ hexadecimal value HHHH (one to four hex digits)
+
+ `\UHHHHHHHH'
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ hexadecimal value HHHHHHHH (one to eight hex digits)
+
`enable'
enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f FILENAME] [NAME ...]
Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
If `-C' is specified without `-c', the default quantum is 5000.
When CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
- array element to be assigned as an additional argument. CALLBACK
- is evaluated after the line is read but before the array element
- is assigned.
+ array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
+ element as additional arguments. CALLBACK is evaluated after the
+ line is read but before the array element is assigned.
If not supplied with an explicit origin, `mapfile' will clear ARRAY
before assigning to it.
`printf'
printf [-v VAR] FORMAT [ARGUMENTS]
Write the formatted ARGUMENTS to the standard output under the
- control of the FORMAT. The FORMAT is a character string which
- contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are
- simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences,
- which are converted and copied to the standard output, and format
- specifications, each of which causes printing of the next
- successive ARGUMENT. In addition to the standard `printf(1)'
- formats, `%b' causes `printf' to expand backslash escape sequences
- in the corresponding ARGUMENT, (except that `\c' terminates
- output, backslashes in `\'', `\"', and `\?' are not removed, and
- octal escapes beginning with `\0' may contain up to four digits),
- and `%q' causes `printf' to output the corresponding ARGUMENT in a
- format that can be reused as shell input.
+ control of the FORMAT. The `-v' option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable VAR rather than being printed to the
+ standard output.
+
+ The FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and copied
+ to the standard output, and format specifications, each of which
+ causes printing of the next successive ARGUMENT. In addition to
+ the standard `printf(1)' formats, `printf' interprets the
+ following extensions:
+
+ `%b'
+ causes `printf' to expand backslash escape sequences in the
+ corresponding ARGUMENT, (except that `\c' terminates output,
+ backslashes in `\'', `\"', and `\?' are not removed, and
+ octal escapes beginning with `\0' may contain up to four
+ digits).
+
+ `%q'
+ causes `printf' to output the corresponding ARGUMENT in a
+ format that can be reused as shell input.
+
+ `%(DATEFMT)T'
+ causes `printf' to output the date-time string resulting from
+ using DATEFMT as a format string for `strftime'(3). The
+ corresponding ARGUMENT is an integer representing the number
+ of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument values may
+ be used: -1 represents the current time, and -2 represents
+ the time the shell was invoked.
Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C
language constants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is
allowed, and if the leading character is a single or double quote,
the value is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The `-v' option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
- VAR rather than being printed to the standard output.
-
The FORMAT is reused as necessary to consume all of the ARGUMENTS.
If the FORMAT requires more ARGUMENTS than are supplied, the extra
format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
effect and return an error status. If `FUNCNAME' is unset, it
loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
+`FUNCNEST'
+ If set to a numeric value greater than 0, defines a maximum
+ function nesting level. Function invocations that exceed this
+ nesting level will cause the current command to abort.
+
`GLOBIGNORE'
A colon-separated list of patterns defining the set of filenames to
be ignored by filename expansion. If a filename matched by a
does not.
`-o OPTNAME'
- True if shell option OPTNAME is enabled. The list of options
+ True if the shell option OPTNAME is enabled. The list of options
appears in the description of the `-o' option to the `set' builtin
(*note The Set Builtin::).
+`-v VARNAME'
+ True if the shell variable VARNAME is set (has been assigned a
+ value).
+
`-z STRING'
True if the length of STRING is zero.
13. Non-interactive shells exit if a syntax error in an arithmetic
expansion results in an invalid expression.
- 14. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
+ 14. Non-interactive shells exit if there is a syntax error in a script
+ read with the `.' or `source' builtins, or in a string processed by
+ the `eval' builtin.
+
+ 15. Redirection operators do not perform filename expansion on the word
in the redirection unless the shell is interactive.
- 15. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in
+ 16. Redirection operators do not perform word splitting on the word in
the redirection.
- 16. Function names must be valid shell `name's. That is, they may not
+ 17. Function names must be valid shell `name's. That is, they may not
contain characters other than letters, digits, and underscores, and
may not start with a digit. Declaring a function with an invalid
name causes a fatal syntax error in non-interactive shells.
- 17. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during
+ 18. POSIX special builtins are found before shell functions during
command lookup.
- 18. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
+ 19. The `time' reserved word may be used by itself as a command. When
+ used in this way, it displays timing statistics for the shell and
+ its completed children. The `TIMEFORMAT' variable controls the
+ format of the timing information.
+
+ 20. When parsing and expanding a ${...} expansion that appears within
+ double quotes, single quotes are no longer special and cannot be
+ used to quote a closing brace or other special character, unless
+ the operator is one of those defined to perform pattern removal.
+ In this case, they do not have to appear as matched pairs.
+
+ 21. If a POSIX special builtin returns an error status, a
non-interactive shell exits. The fatal errors are those listed in
the POSIX standard, and include things like passing incorrect
options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for
assignments preceding the command name, and so on.
- 19. If `CDPATH' is set, the `cd' builtin will not implicitly append
+ 22. If `CDPATH' is set, the `cd' builtin will not implicitly append
the current directory to it. This means that `cd' will fail if no
valid directory name can be constructed from any of the entries in
`$CDPATH', even if the a directory with the same name as the name
given as an argument to `cd' exists in the current directory.
- 20. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
+ 23. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment
statements. A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when
trying to assign a value to a readonly variable.
- 21. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
+ 24. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
variable in a `for' statement or the selection variable in a
`select' statement is a readonly variable.
- 22. Process substitution is not available.
+ 25. Process substitution is not available.
- 23. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in
+ 26. Assignment statements preceding POSIX special builtins persist in
the shell environment after the builtin completes.
- 24. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
+ 27. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
shell environment after the function returns, as if a POSIX
special builtin command had been executed.
- 25. The `export' and `readonly' builtin commands display their output
+ 28. The `export' and `readonly' builtin commands display their output
in the format required by POSIX.
- 26. The `trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading `SIG'.
+ 29. The `trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading `SIG'.
- 27. The `trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
+ 30. The `trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of
digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the
handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they
should use `-' as the first argument.
- 28. The `.' and `source' builtins do not search the current directory
+ 31. The `.' and `source' builtins do not search the current directory
for the filename argument if it is not found by searching `PATH'.
- 29. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the
+ 32. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the
value of the `-e' option from the parent shell. When not in POSIX
mode, Bash clears the `-e' option in such subshells.
- 30. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
+ 33. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
- 31. When the `alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
+ 34. When the `alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
display them with a leading `alias ' unless the `-p' option is
supplied.
- 32. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
+ 35. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
display shell function names and definitions.
- 33. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+ 36. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
- 34. When the `cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
+ 37. When the `cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
constructed from `$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an
argument does not refer to an existing directory, `cd' will fail
instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode.
- 35. When the `pwd' builtin is supplied the `-P' option, it resets
+ 38. When the `pwd' builtin is supplied the `-P' option, it resets
`$PWD' to a pathname containing no symlinks.
- 36. The `pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
+ 39. The `pwd' builtin verifies that the value it prints is the same as
the current directory, even if it is not asked to check the file
system with the `-P' option.
- 37. When listing the history, the `fc' builtin does not include an
+ 40. When listing the history, the `fc' builtin does not include an
indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
- 38. The default editor used by `fc' is `ed'.
+ 41. The default editor used by `fc' is `ed'.
- 39. The `type' and `command' builtins will not report a non-executable
+ 42. The `type' and `command' builtins will not report a non-executable
file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to
execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in
`$PATH'.
- 40. The `vi' editing mode will invoke the `vi' editor directly when
+ 43. The `vi' editing mode will invoke the `vi' editor directly when
the `v' command is run, instead of checking `$VISUAL' and
`$EDITOR'.
- 41. When the `xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
+ 44. When the `xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
interpret any arguments to `echo' as options. Each argument is
displayed, after escape characters are converted.
- 42. The `ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the `-c'
+ 45. The `ulimit' builtin uses a block size of 512 bytes for the `-c'
and `-f' options.
- 43. The arrival of `SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on `SIGCHLD' does not
+ 46. The arrival of `SIGCHLD' when a trap is set on `SIGCHLD' does not
interrupt the `wait' builtin and cause it to return immediately.
The trap command is run once for each child that exits.
completion in a case-insensitive fashion. The default value
is `off'.
+ `completion-map-case'
+ If set to `on', and COMPLETION-IGNORE-CASE is enabled,
+ Readline treats hyphens (`-') and underscores (`_') as
+ equivalent when performing case-insensitive filename matching
+ and completion.
+
`completion-prefix-display-length'
The length in characters of the common prefix of a list of
possible completions that is displayed without modification.
(line 7)
* disown: Job Control Builtins.
(line 83)
-* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 221)
-* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 273)
+* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 226)
+* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 286)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 63)
* exec: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 103)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 145)
-* help: Bash Builtins. (line 301)
+* help: Bash Builtins. (line 314)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 39)
* jobs: Job Control Builtins.
(line 25)
* kill: Job Control Builtins.
(line 57)
-* let: Bash Builtins. (line 321)
-* local: Bash Builtins. (line 328)
-* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 338)
-* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 342)
+* let: Bash Builtins. (line 334)
+* local: Bash Builtins. (line 341)
+* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 351)
+* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 355)
* popd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 37)
-* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 388)
+* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 401)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 58)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 164)
-* read: Bash Builtins. (line 418)
-* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 498)
+* read: Bash Builtins. (line 446)
+* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 526)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 173)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 202)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 506)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 534)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 94)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 282)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 287)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 510)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 541)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 547)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 538)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 569)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 575)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 333)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 636)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 664)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 350)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 55)
* completion-ignore-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 62)
-* completion-prefix-display-length: Readline Init File Syntax.
+* completion-map-case: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 67)
+* completion-prefix-display-length: Readline Init File Syntax.
+ (line 73)
* completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 74)
+ (line 80)
* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 193)
* convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 84)
+ (line 90)
* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 198)
* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 202)
* disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 90)
+ (line 96)
* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 95)
+ (line 101)
* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 212)
* enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 106)
+ (line 112)
* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 217)
* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 221)
* expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 117)
+ (line 123)
* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 225)
* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 229)
* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 235)
-* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 244)
-* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 250)
-* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 256)
-* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 271)
-* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 276)
-* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 292)
-* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 296)
-* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 304)
+* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 244)
+* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 249)
+* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 255)
+* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 261)
+* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 276)
+* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 281)
+* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 297)
+* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 301)
+* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 309)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 121)
-* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 127)
-* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 323)
-* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 327)
+* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
+ (line 133)
+* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 328)
+* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 332)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 132)
-* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 336)
-* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 347)
-* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 350)
+ (line 138)
+* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 341)
+* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 352)
+* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 355)
* IFS: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 18)
-* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 353)
+* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 358)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 139)
-* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 363)
+ (line 145)
+* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 368)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 146)
+ (line 152)
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 153)
-* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 367)
-* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 371)
-* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 375)
-* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 382)
+ (line 159)
+* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 372)
+* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 376)
+* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 380)
+* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 387)
* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Locale Translation. (line 11)
-* LC_MESSAGES: Bash Variables. (line 387)
-* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 391)
-* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 395)
-* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 399)
-* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 404)
+* LC_MESSAGES: Bash Variables. (line 392)
+* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 396)
+* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 400)
+* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 404)
+* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 409)
* MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 22)
-* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 408)
+* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 413)
* MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 27)
-* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 416)
+* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 421)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 166)
+ (line 172)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 171)
+ (line 177)
* match-hidden-files: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 176)
+ (line 182)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 139)
-* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 420)
+ (line 145)
+* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 425)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 34)
-* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 423)
+* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 428)
* OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 38)
-* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 427)
+* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 432)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 183)
+ (line 189)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 188)
+ (line 194)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 42)
-* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 430)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 435)
-* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 444)
-* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 448)
-* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 452)
+* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 435)
+* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 440)
+* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 449)
+* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 453)
+* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 457)
* PS1: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 48)
* PS2: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 53)
-* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 458)
-* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 463)
-* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 469)
-* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 472)
-* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 477)
-* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 481)
-* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 485)
+* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 463)
+* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 468)
+* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 474)
+* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 477)
+* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 482)
+* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 486)
+* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 490)
* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 198)
-* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 488)
-* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 494)
-* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 499)
-* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 508)
-* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 204)
-* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
+* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 493)
+* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 499)
+* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 504)
+* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 513)
+* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 210)
+* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
+ (line 216)
* skip-completed-text: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 219)
+ (line 225)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11)
-* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 513)
-* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 551)
-* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 563)
-* UID: Bash Variables. (line 567)
+* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 518)
+* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 556)
+* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 568)
+* UID: Bash Variables. (line 572)
* visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax.
- (line 232)
+ (line 238)
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Function Index, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Variable Index, Up: Indexes
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f1340
-Node: Introduction\7f3173
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3401
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4514
-Node: Definitions\7f7054
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9972
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f11191
-Node: Shell Operation\7f12221
-Node: Quoting\7f13515
-Node: Escape Character\7f14818
-Node: Single Quotes\7f15303
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15651
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16776
-Node: Locale Translation\7f17761
-Node: Comments\7f18657
-Node: Shell Commands\7f19275
-Node: Simple Commands\7f20099
-Node: Pipelines\7f20730
-Node: Lists\7f22986
-Node: Compound Commands\7f24715
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f25519
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f27974
-Node: Command Grouping\7f36087
-Node: Coprocesses\7f37566
-Node: Shell Functions\7f39210
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f43764
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f46180
-Node: Special Parameters\7f47080
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f50044
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f51969
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f54724
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f57075
-Node: Command Substitution\7f65976
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f67309
-Node: Process Substitution\7f68159
-Node: Word Splitting\7f69209
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f70832
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f72971
-Node: Quote Removal\7f76610
-Node: Redirections\7f76905
-Node: Executing Commands\7f85430
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f86100
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f88030
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f90367
-Node: Environment\7f93353
-Node: Exit Status\7f95013
-Node: Signals\7f96634
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f98602
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f101120
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f103148
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f120616
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f145759
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f146104
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f155628
-Node: Special Builtins\7f166962
-Node: Shell Variables\7f167941
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f168381
-Node: Bash Variables\7f170362
-Node: Bash Features\7f194495
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f195378
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f201142
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f206154
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f206564
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f207213
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f208028
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f211308
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f214957
-Node: Aliases\7f217716
-Node: Arrays\7f220288
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f224246
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f224960
-Node: Printing a Prompt\7f227852
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f230604
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f232436
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-Node: Installation Names\7f345165
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**/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi
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Loading texinfo [version 2009-01-18.17]:
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Chapter 2
-[1] [2] [3] Chapter 3 [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
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[]@texttt case @textttsl word @texttt in [ [(] @textttsl pat-tern @texttt [| @
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-[10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]
-[25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] Chapter 4 [33] [34] [35] [36] [37]
-[38] [39] [40] [41]
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+[43]
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@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
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.@texttt c
.etc.
-[42] [43] [44] [45] [46]
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+[44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49]
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[]@texttt read [-ers] [-a @textttsl aname@texttt ] [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt
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-[47] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] Chapter 5 [59]
-[60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] Chapter 6 [70]
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt
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-
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-[71] [72]
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[]@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from
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-Chapter 7 [86] [87] [88] [89] [90] [91]
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-[116]
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-[117] [118]
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-[119]) (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
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[]@textrm Enable sup-port for large files (@texttt http://www.sas.com/standard
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-[130] [131] [132] Appendix A [133] [134] Appendix B [135] [136] [137] [138]
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-37 b Fb(4,)26 b(59)2025 2781 y(startup)f(\014les)d Fc(:)13
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-b Fb(73)2025 2868 y(susp)r(ending)25 b(jobs)6 b Fc(:)14
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-b Fb(97)2025 4114 y Fr(W)2025 4230 y Fb(w)n(ord)21 b
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end
-%%Page: 158 164
-TeXDict begin 158 163 bop eop end
+%%Page: 160 166
+TeXDict begin 160 165 bop eop end
%%Trailer
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
\entry{time}{8}{\code {time}}
\entry{!}{8}{\code {!}}
-\entry{until}{9}{\code {until}}
-\entry{do}{9}{\code {do}}
-\entry{done}{9}{\code {done}}
-\entry{while}{9}{\code {while}}
+\entry{until}{10}{\code {until}}
+\entry{do}{10}{\code {do}}
+\entry{done}{10}{\code {done}}
+\entry{while}{10}{\code {while}}
\entry{for}{10}{\code {for}}
\entry{if}{10}{\code {if}}
\entry{then}{10}{\code {then}}
\entry{else}{10}{\code {else}}
\entry{elif}{10}{\code {elif}}
\entry{fi}{10}{\code {fi}}
-\entry{case}{10}{\code {case}}
-\entry{in}{10}{\code {in}}
-\entry{esac}{10}{\code {esac}}
+\entry{case}{11}{\code {case}}
+\entry{in}{11}{\code {in}}
+\entry{esac}{11}{\code {esac}}
\entry{select}{11}{\code {select}}
\entry{[[}{12}{\code {[[}}
\entry{]]}{12}{\code {]]}}
-\entry{{\tt \char 123}}{13}{\code {{\tt \char 123}}}
-\entry{{\tt \char 125}}{13}{\code {{\tt \char 125}}}
-\entry{function}{14}{\code {function}}
+\entry{{\tt \char 123}}{14}{\code {{\tt \char 123}}}
+\entry{{\tt \char 125}}{14}{\code {{\tt \char 125}}}
+\entry{function}{15}{\code {function}}
\initial {]}
\entry {\code {]]}}{12}
\initial {{\tt \char 123}}
-\entry {\code {{\tt \char 123}}}{13}
+\entry {\code {{\tt \char 123}}}{14}
\initial {{\tt \char 125}}
-\entry {\code {{\tt \char 125}}}{13}
+\entry {\code {{\tt \char 125}}}{14}
\initial {C}
-\entry {\code {case}}{10}
+\entry {\code {case}}{11}
\initial {D}
-\entry {\code {do}}{9}
-\entry {\code {done}}{9}
+\entry {\code {do}}{10}
+\entry {\code {done}}{10}
\initial {E}
\entry {\code {elif}}{10}
\entry {\code {else}}{10}
-\entry {\code {esac}}{10}
+\entry {\code {esac}}{11}
\initial {F}
\entry {\code {fi}}{10}
\entry {\code {for}}{10}
-\entry {\code {function}}{14}
+\entry {\code {function}}{15}
\initial {I}
\entry {\code {if}}{10}
-\entry {\code {in}}{10}
+\entry {\code {in}}{11}
\initial {S}
\entry {\code {select}}{11}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {then}}{10}
\entry {\code {time}}{8}
\initial {U}
-\entry {\code {until}}{9}
+\entry {\code {until}}{10}
\initial {W}
-\entry {\code {while}}{9}
+\entry {\code {while}}{10}
@example
cat file | parallel -k echo prefix_string
@end example
-
+@noindent
The @option{-k} option is required to preserve the lines' order.
Similarly, you can append a specified string to each line in a text file:
done | process-output
@end example
+@noindent
with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:
@example
cat list | parallel "do-something1 @{@} config-@{@} ; do-something2 < @{@}" | process-output
@example
ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 "zcat @{@} | bzip2 >@{.@}.bz2 && rm @{@}"
@end example
-
+@noindent
This will recompress all files in the current directory with names ending
in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel.
@example
@{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; @} | parallel traceroute
@end example
-
+@noindent
will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. Using
the @option{-k} option, as we saw above
@example
@{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; @} | parallel -k traceroute
@end example
+@noindent
will ensure that the output of @code{traceroute foss.org.my} is displayed first.
@node Shell Functions
@item cd
@btindex cd
@example
-cd [-L|-P] [@var{directory}]
+cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [@var{directory}]
@end example
Change the current working directory to @var{directory}.
If @var{directory} is not given, the value of the @env{HOME} shell
The @option{-P} option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic
links are followed by default or with the @option{-L} option.
+If the @option{-e} option is supplied with @option{-P}
+and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
+after a successful directory change, @code{cd} will return an unsuccessful
+status.
If @var{directory} is @samp{-}, it is equivalent to @env{$OLDPWD}.
If a non-empty directory name from @env{CDPATH} is used, or if
@example
cat file | parallel -k echo prefix_string
@end example
-
+@noindent
The @option{-k} option is required to preserve the lines' order.
Similarly, you can append a specified string to each line in a text file:
done | process-output
@end example
+@noindent
with a more compact syntax reminiscent of lambdas:
@example
cat list | parallel "do-something1 @{@} config-@{@} ; do-something2 < @{@}" | process-output
@example
ls *.gz | parallel -j+0 "zcat @{@} | bzip2 >@{.@}.bz2 && rm @{@}"
@end example
-
+@noindent
This will recompress all files in the current directory with names ending
in .gz using bzip2, running one job per CPU (-j+0) in parallel.
@example
@{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; @} | parallel traceroute
@end example
-
+@noindent
will display as output the traceroute invocation that finishes first. Using
the @option{-k} option, as we saw above
@example
@{ echo foss.org.my ; echo debian.org; echo freenetproject.org; @} | parallel -k traceroute
@end example
+@noindent
will ensure that the output of @code{traceroute foss.org.my} is displayed first.
@node Shell Functions
@end example
Write the formatted @var{arguments} to the standard output under the
control of the @var{format}.
+The @option{-v} option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+@var{var} rather than being printed to the standard output.
+
The @var{format} is a character string which contains three types of objects:
plain characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character
escape sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output, and
format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive
@var{argument}.
-In addition to the standard @code{printf(1)} formats, @samp{%b} causes
-@code{printf} to expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding
-@var{argument},
+In addition to the standard @code{printf(1)} formats, @code{printf}
+interprets the following extensions:
+
+@table @code
+@item %b
+causes @code{printf} to expand backslash escape sequences in the
+corresponding @var{argument},
(except that @samp{\c} terminates output, backslashes in
@samp{\'}, @samp{\"}, and @samp{\?} are not removed, and octal escapes
-beginning with @samp{\0} may contain up to four digits),
-and @samp{%q} causes @code{printf} to output the
+beginning with @samp{\0} may contain up to four digits).
+@item %q
+causes @code{printf} to output the
corresponding @var{argument} in a format that can be reused as shell input.
+@item %(@var{datefmt})T
+causes @code{printf} to output the date-time string resulting from using
+@var{datefmt} as a format string for @code{strftime}(3). The corresponding
+@var{argument} is an integer representing the number of seconds since the
+epoch. Two special argument values may be used: -1 represents the current
+time, and -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
+@end table
+@noindent
Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C language constants,
except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and if the leading
character is a single or double quote, the value is the ASCII value of
the following character.
-The @option{-v} option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
-@var{var} rather than being printed to the standard output.
-
The @var{format} is reused as necessary to consume all of the @var{arguments}.
If the @var{format} requires more @var{arguments} than are supplied, the
extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
@numsubsubsecentry{ANSI-C Quoting}{3.1.2.4}{ANSI-C Quoting}{6}
@numsubsubsecentry{Locale-Specific Translation}{3.1.2.5}{Locale Translation}{7}
@numsubsecentry{Comments}{3.1.3}{Comments}{7}
-@numsecentry{Shell Commands}{3.2}{Shell Commands}{7}
+@numsecentry{Shell Commands}{3.2}{Shell Commands}{8}
@numsubsecentry{Simple Commands}{3.2.1}{Simple Commands}{8}
@numsubsecentry{Pipelines}{3.2.2}{Pipelines}{8}
-@numsubsecentry{Lists of Commands}{3.2.3}{Lists}{8}
+@numsubsecentry{Lists of Commands}{3.2.3}{Lists}{9}
@numsubsecentry{Compound Commands}{3.2.4}{Compound Commands}{9}
-@numsubsubsecentry{Looping Constructs}{3.2.4.1}{Looping Constructs}{9}
+@numsubsubsecentry{Looping Constructs}{3.2.4.1}{Looping Constructs}{10}
@numsubsubsecentry{Conditional Constructs}{3.2.4.2}{Conditional Constructs}{10}
@numsubsubsecentry{Grouping Commands}{3.2.4.3}{Command Grouping}{13}
@numsubsecentry{Coprocesses}{3.2.5}{Coprocesses}{14}
-@numsecentry{Shell Functions}{3.3}{Shell Functions}{14}
-@numsecentry{Shell Parameters}{3.4}{Shell Parameters}{15}
-@numsubsecentry{Positional Parameters}{3.4.1}{Positional Parameters}{16}
-@numsubsecentry{Special Parameters}{3.4.2}{Special Parameters}{16}
-@numsecentry{Shell Expansions}{3.5}{Shell Expansions}{17}
-@numsubsecentry{Brace Expansion}{3.5.1}{Brace Expansion}{18}
-@numsubsecentry{Tilde Expansion}{3.5.2}{Tilde Expansion}{19}
-@numsubsecentry{Shell Parameter Expansion}{3.5.3}{Shell Parameter Expansion}{19}
-@numsubsecentry{Command Substitution}{3.5.4}{Command Substitution}{22}
-@numsubsecentry{Arithmetic Expansion}{3.5.5}{Arithmetic Expansion}{23}
-@numsubsecentry{Process Substitution}{3.5.6}{Process Substitution}{23}
-@numsubsecentry{Word Splitting}{3.5.7}{Word Splitting}{23}
-@numsubsecentry{Filename Expansion}{3.5.8}{Filename Expansion}{24}
-@numsubsubsecentry{Pattern Matching}{3.5.8.1}{Pattern Matching}{24}
-@numsubsecentry{Quote Removal}{3.5.9}{Quote Removal}{25}
-@numsecentry{Redirections}{3.6}{Redirections}{26}
-@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Input}{3.6.1}{}{27}
-@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Output}{3.6.2}{}{27}
-@numsubsecentry{Appending Redirected Output}{3.6.3}{}{27}
-@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.4}{}{27}
-@numsubsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.5}{}{28}
-@numsubsecentry{Here Documents}{3.6.6}{}{28}
-@numsubsecentry{Here Strings}{3.6.7}{}{28}
-@numsubsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3.6.8}{}{28}
-@numsubsecentry{Moving File Descriptors}{3.6.9}{}{29}
-@numsubsecentry{Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing}{3.6.10}{}{29}
-@numsecentry{Executing Commands}{3.7}{Executing Commands}{29}
-@numsubsecentry{Simple Command Expansion}{3.7.1}{Simple Command Expansion}{29}
-@numsubsecentry{Command Search and Execution}{3.7.2}{Command Search and Execution}{30}
-@numsubsecentry{Command Execution Environment}{3.7.3}{Command Execution Environment}{30}
-@numsubsecentry{Environment}{3.7.4}{Environment}{31}
-@numsubsecentry{Exit Status}{3.7.5}{Exit Status}{32}
-@numsubsecentry{Signals}{3.7.6}{Signals}{32}
-@numsecentry{Shell Scripts}{3.8}{Shell Scripts}{33}
-@numchapentry{Shell Builtin Commands}{4}{Shell Builtin Commands}{35}
-@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Builtins}{4.1}{Bourne Shell Builtins}{35}
-@numsecentry{Bash Builtin Commands}{4.2}{Bash Builtins}{41}
-@numsecentry{Modifying Shell Behavior}{4.3}{Modifying Shell Behavior}{51}
-@numsubsecentry{The Set Builtin}{4.3.1}{The Set Builtin}{51}
-@numsubsecentry{The Shopt Builtin}{4.3.2}{The Shopt Builtin}{55}
-@numsecentry{Special Builtins}{4.4}{Special Builtins}{59}
-@numchapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{Shell Variables}{61}
-@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5.1}{Bourne Shell Variables}{61}
-@numsecentry{Bash Variables}{5.2}{Bash Variables}{61}
-@numchapentry{Bash Features}{6}{Bash Features}{71}
-@numsecentry{Invoking Bash}{6.1}{Invoking Bash}{71}
-@numsecentry{Bash Startup Files}{6.2}{Bash Startup Files}{73}
-@numsecentry{Interactive Shells}{6.3}{Interactive Shells}{74}
-@numsubsecentry{What is an Interactive Shell?}{6.3.1}{What is an Interactive Shell?}{75}
-@numsubsecentry{Is this Shell Interactive?}{6.3.2}{Is this Shell Interactive?}{75}
-@numsubsecentry{Interactive Shell Behavior}{6.3.3}{Interactive Shell Behavior}{75}
-@numsecentry{Bash Conditional Expressions}{6.4}{Bash Conditional Expressions}{76}
-@numsecentry{Shell Arithmetic}{6.5}{Shell Arithmetic}{78}
-@numsecentry{Aliases}{6.6}{Aliases}{79}
-@numsecentry{Arrays}{6.7}{Arrays}{80}
-@numsecentry{The Directory Stack}{6.8}{The Directory Stack}{81}
-@numsubsecentry{Directory Stack Builtins}{6.8.1}{Directory Stack Builtins}{81}
-@numsecentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6.9}{Printing a Prompt}{82}
-@numsecentry{The Restricted Shell}{6.10}{The Restricted Shell}{84}
-@numsecentry{Bash POSIX Mode}{6.11}{Bash POSIX Mode}{84}
-@numchapentry{Job Control}{7}{Job Control}{89}
-@numsecentry{Job Control Basics}{7.1}{Job Control Basics}{89}
-@numsecentry{Job Control Builtins}{7.2}{Job Control Builtins}{90}
-@numsecentry{Job Control Variables}{7.3}{Job Control Variables}{92}
-@numchapentry{Command Line Editing}{8}{Command Line Editing}{93}
-@numsecentry{Introduction to Line Editing}{8.1}{Introduction and Notation}{93}
-@numsecentry{Readline Interaction}{8.2}{Readline Interaction}{93}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{8.2.1}{Readline Bare Essentials}{94}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Movement Commands}{8.2.2}{Readline Movement Commands}{94}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{8.2.3}{Readline Killing Commands}{95}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Arguments}{8.2.4}{Readline Arguments}{95}
-@numsubsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{8.2.5}{Searching}{95}
-@numsecentry{Readline Init File}{8.3}{Readline Init File}{96}
-@numsubsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{8.3.1}{Readline Init File Syntax}{96}
-@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{102}
-@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{8.3.3}{Sample Init File}{103}
-@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{106}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{106}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{8.4.2}{Commands For History}{107}
-@numsubsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{8.4.3}{Commands For Text}{108}
-@numsubsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{8.4.4}{Commands For Killing}{109}
-@numsubsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{8.4.5}{Numeric Arguments}{110}
-@numsubsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{8.4.6}{Commands For Completion}{110}
-@numsubsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{8.4.7}{Keyboard Macros}{112}
-@numsubsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{8.4.8}{Miscellaneous Commands}{112}
-@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{8.5}{Readline vi Mode}{115}
-@numsecentry{Programmable Completion}{8.6}{Programmable Completion}{115}
-@numsecentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8.7}{Programmable Completion Builtins}{117}
-@numchapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{Using History Interactively}{121}
-@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{121}
-@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{121}
-@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{123}
-@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{123}
-@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{124}
-@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{125}
-@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{127}
-@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{127}
-@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{128}
-@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{128}
-@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{128}
-@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{128}
-@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{129}
-@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{129}
-@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{129}
-@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{135}
-@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{137}
-@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{141}
-@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{143}
-@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{151}
-@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{151}
-@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{152}
-@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{152}
-@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{154}
-@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{156}
+@numsubsecentry{GNU Parallel}{3.2.6}{GNU Parallel}{14}
+@numsecentry{Shell Functions}{3.3}{Shell Functions}{15}
+@numsecentry{Shell Parameters}{3.4}{Shell Parameters}{17}
+@numsubsecentry{Positional Parameters}{3.4.1}{Positional Parameters}{17}
+@numsubsecentry{Special Parameters}{3.4.2}{Special Parameters}{18}
+@numsecentry{Shell Expansions}{3.5}{Shell Expansions}{18}
+@numsubsecentry{Brace Expansion}{3.5.1}{Brace Expansion}{19}
+@numsubsecentry{Tilde Expansion}{3.5.2}{Tilde Expansion}{20}
+@numsubsecentry{Shell Parameter Expansion}{3.5.3}{Shell Parameter Expansion}{21}
+@numsubsecentry{Command Substitution}{3.5.4}{Command Substitution}{24}
+@numsubsecentry{Arithmetic Expansion}{3.5.5}{Arithmetic Expansion}{24}
+@numsubsecentry{Process Substitution}{3.5.6}{Process Substitution}{24}
+@numsubsecentry{Word Splitting}{3.5.7}{Word Splitting}{25}
+@numsubsecentry{Filename Expansion}{3.5.8}{Filename Expansion}{25}
+@numsubsubsecentry{Pattern Matching}{3.5.8.1}{Pattern Matching}{26}
+@numsubsecentry{Quote Removal}{3.5.9}{Quote Removal}{27}
+@numsecentry{Redirections}{3.6}{Redirections}{27}
+@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Input}{3.6.1}{}{28}
+@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Output}{3.6.2}{}{28}
+@numsubsecentry{Appending Redirected Output}{3.6.3}{}{28}
+@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.4}{}{29}
+@numsubsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.5}{}{29}
+@numsubsecentry{Here Documents}{3.6.6}{}{29}
+@numsubsecentry{Here Strings}{3.6.7}{}{29}
+@numsubsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3.6.8}{}{30}
+@numsubsecentry{Moving File Descriptors}{3.6.9}{}{30}
+@numsubsecentry{Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing}{3.6.10}{}{30}
+@numsecentry{Executing Commands}{3.7}{Executing Commands}{30}
+@numsubsecentry{Simple Command Expansion}{3.7.1}{Simple Command Expansion}{30}
+@numsubsecentry{Command Search and Execution}{3.7.2}{Command Search and Execution}{31}
+@numsubsecentry{Command Execution Environment}{3.7.3}{Command Execution Environment}{32}
+@numsubsecentry{Environment}{3.7.4}{Environment}{33}
+@numsubsecentry{Exit Status}{3.7.5}{Exit Status}{33}
+@numsubsecentry{Signals}{3.7.6}{Signals}{34}
+@numsecentry{Shell Scripts}{3.8}{Shell Scripts}{34}
+@numchapentry{Shell Builtin Commands}{4}{Shell Builtin Commands}{37}
+@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Builtins}{4.1}{Bourne Shell Builtins}{37}
+@numsecentry{Bash Builtin Commands}{4.2}{Bash Builtins}{43}
+@numsecentry{Modifying Shell Behavior}{4.3}{Modifying Shell Behavior}{53}
+@numsubsecentry{The Set Builtin}{4.3.1}{The Set Builtin}{53}
+@numsubsecentry{The Shopt Builtin}{4.3.2}{The Shopt Builtin}{57}
+@numsecentry{Special Builtins}{4.4}{Special Builtins}{62}
+@numchapentry{Shell Variables}{5}{Shell Variables}{63}
+@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Variables}{5.1}{Bourne Shell Variables}{63}
+@numsecentry{Bash Variables}{5.2}{Bash Variables}{63}
+@numchapentry{Bash Features}{6}{Bash Features}{73}
+@numsecentry{Invoking Bash}{6.1}{Invoking Bash}{73}
+@numsecentry{Bash Startup Files}{6.2}{Bash Startup Files}{75}
+@numsecentry{Interactive Shells}{6.3}{Interactive Shells}{76}
+@numsubsecentry{What is an Interactive Shell?}{6.3.1}{What is an Interactive Shell?}{77}
+@numsubsecentry{Is this Shell Interactive?}{6.3.2}{Is this Shell Interactive?}{77}
+@numsubsecentry{Interactive Shell Behavior}{6.3.3}{Interactive Shell Behavior}{77}
+@numsecentry{Bash Conditional Expressions}{6.4}{Bash Conditional Expressions}{78}
+@numsecentry{Shell Arithmetic}{6.5}{Shell Arithmetic}{80}
+@numsecentry{Aliases}{6.6}{Aliases}{81}
+@numsecentry{Arrays}{6.7}{Arrays}{82}
+@numsecentry{The Directory Stack}{6.8}{The Directory Stack}{83}
+@numsubsecentry{Directory Stack Builtins}{6.8.1}{Directory Stack Builtins}{83}
+@numsecentry{Controlling the Prompt}{6.9}{Printing a Prompt}{84}
+@numsecentry{The Restricted Shell}{6.10}{The Restricted Shell}{86}
+@numsecentry{Bash POSIX Mode}{6.11}{Bash POSIX Mode}{86}
+@numchapentry{Job Control}{7}{Job Control}{91}
+@numsecentry{Job Control Basics}{7.1}{Job Control Basics}{91}
+@numsecentry{Job Control Builtins}{7.2}{Job Control Builtins}{92}
+@numsecentry{Job Control Variables}{7.3}{Job Control Variables}{94}
+@numchapentry{Command Line Editing}{8}{Command Line Editing}{95}
+@numsecentry{Introduction to Line Editing}{8.1}{Introduction and Notation}{95}
+@numsecentry{Readline Interaction}{8.2}{Readline Interaction}{95}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Bare Essentials}{8.2.1}{Readline Bare Essentials}{96}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Movement Commands}{8.2.2}{Readline Movement Commands}{96}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Killing Commands}{8.2.3}{Readline Killing Commands}{97}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Arguments}{8.2.4}{Readline Arguments}{97}
+@numsubsecentry{Searching for Commands in the History}{8.2.5}{Searching}{97}
+@numsecentry{Readline Init File}{8.3}{Readline Init File}{98}
+@numsubsecentry{Readline Init File Syntax}{8.3.1}{Readline Init File Syntax}{98}
+@numsubsecentry{Conditional Init Constructs}{8.3.2}{Conditional Init Constructs}{104}
+@numsubsecentry{Sample Init File}{8.3.3}{Sample Init File}{105}
+@numsecentry{Bindable Readline Commands}{8.4}{Bindable Readline Commands}{108}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Moving}{8.4.1}{Commands For Moving}{108}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Manipulating The History}{8.4.2}{Commands For History}{109}
+@numsubsecentry{Commands For Changing Text}{8.4.3}{Commands For Text}{110}
+@numsubsecentry{Killing And Yanking}{8.4.4}{Commands For Killing}{111}
+@numsubsecentry{Specifying Numeric Arguments}{8.4.5}{Numeric Arguments}{112}
+@numsubsecentry{Letting Readline Type For You}{8.4.6}{Commands For Completion}{112}
+@numsubsecentry{Keyboard Macros}{8.4.7}{Keyboard Macros}{114}
+@numsubsecentry{Some Miscellaneous Commands}{8.4.8}{Miscellaneous Commands}{114}
+@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{8.5}{Readline vi Mode}{117}
+@numsecentry{Programmable Completion}{8.6}{Programmable Completion}{117}
+@numsecentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8.7}{Programmable Completion Builtins}{119}
+@numchapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{Using History Interactively}{123}
+@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{123}
+@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{123}
+@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{125}
+@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{125}
+@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{126}
+@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{127}
+@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{129}
+@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{129}
+@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{130}
+@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{130}
+@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{130}
+@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{130}
+@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{131}
+@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{131}
+@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{131}
+@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{137}
+@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{139}
+@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{143}
+@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{145}
+@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{153}
+@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{153}
+@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{154}
+@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{154}
+@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{156}
+@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{158}
\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{7}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
\entry{TEXTDOMAIN}{7}{\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}
\entry{TEXTDOMAINDIR}{7}{\code {TEXTDOMAINDIR}}
-\entry{*}{16}{\code {*}}
-\entry{@}{16}{\code {@}}
-\entry{#}{17}{\code {#}}
-\entry{?}{17}{\code {?}}
-\entry{-}{17}{\code {-}}
-\entry{$}{17}{\code {$}}
-\entry{!}{17}{\code {!}}
-\entry{0}{17}{\code {0}}
-\entry{_}{17}{\code {_}}
-\entry{CDPATH}{61}{\code {CDPATH}}
-\entry{HOME}{61}{\code {HOME}}
-\entry{IFS}{61}{\code {IFS}}
-\entry{MAIL}{61}{\code {MAIL}}
-\entry{MAILPATH}{61}{\code {MAILPATH}}
-\entry{OPTARG}{61}{\code {OPTARG}}
-\entry{OPTIND}{61}{\code {OPTIND}}
-\entry{PATH}{61}{\code {PATH}}
-\entry{PS1}{61}{\code {PS1}}
-\entry{PS2}{61}{\code {PS2}}
-\entry{BASH}{61}{\code {BASH}}
-\entry{BASHOPTS}{62}{\code {BASHOPTS}}
-\entry{BASHPID}{62}{\code {BASHPID}}
-\entry{BASH_ALIASES}{62}{\code {BASH_ALIASES}}
-\entry{BASH_ARGC}{62}{\code {BASH_ARGC}}
-\entry{BASH_ARGV}{62}{\code {BASH_ARGV}}
-\entry{BASH_CMDS}{62}{\code {BASH_CMDS}}
-\entry{BASH_COMMAND}{62}{\code {BASH_COMMAND}}
-\entry{BASH_ENV}{62}{\code {BASH_ENV}}
-\entry{BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}{62}{\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}
-\entry{BASH_LINENO}{63}{\code {BASH_LINENO}}
-\entry{BASH_REMATCH}{63}{\code {BASH_REMATCH}}
-\entry{BASH_SOURCE}{63}{\code {BASH_SOURCE}}
-\entry{BASH_SUBSHELL}{63}{\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}
-\entry{BASH_VERSINFO}{63}{\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}
-\entry{BASH_VERSION}{63}{\code {BASH_VERSION}}
-\entry{BASH_XTRACEFD}{63}{\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}
-\entry{COLUMNS}{64}{\code {COLUMNS}}
-\entry{COMP_CWORD}{64}{\code {COMP_CWORD}}
-\entry{COMP_LINE}{64}{\code {COMP_LINE}}
-\entry{COMP_POINT}{64}{\code {COMP_POINT}}
-\entry{COMP_TYPE}{64}{\code {COMP_TYPE}}
-\entry{COMP_KEY}{64}{\code {COMP_KEY}}
-\entry{COMP_WORDBREAKS}{64}{\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}
-\entry{COMP_WORDS}{64}{\code {COMP_WORDS}}
-\entry{COMPREPLY}{65}{\code {COMPREPLY}}
-\entry{COPROC}{65}{\code {COPROC}}
-\entry{DIRSTACK}{65}{\code {DIRSTACK}}
-\entry{EMACS}{65}{\code {EMACS}}
-\entry{ENV}{65}{\code {ENV}}
-\entry{EUID}{65}{\code {EUID}}
-\entry{FCEDIT}{65}{\code {FCEDIT}}
-\entry{FIGNORE}{65}{\code {FIGNORE}}
-\entry{FUNCNAME}{65}{\code {FUNCNAME}}
-\entry{GLOBIGNORE}{65}{\code {GLOBIGNORE}}
-\entry{GROUPS}{65}{\code {GROUPS}}
-\entry{histchars}{65}{\code {histchars}}
-\entry{HISTCMD}{66}{\code {HISTCMD}}
-\entry{HISTCONTROL}{66}{\code {HISTCONTROL}}
-\entry{HISTFILE}{66}{\code {HISTFILE}}
-\entry{HISTFILESIZE}{66}{\code {HISTFILESIZE}}
-\entry{HISTIGNORE}{66}{\code {HISTIGNORE}}
-\entry{HISTSIZE}{66}{\code {HISTSIZE}}
-\entry{HISTTIMEFORMAT}{67}{\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}
-\entry{HOSTFILE}{67}{\code {HOSTFILE}}
-\entry{HOSTNAME}{67}{\code {HOSTNAME}}
-\entry{HOSTTYPE}{67}{\code {HOSTTYPE}}
-\entry{IGNOREEOF}{67}{\code {IGNOREEOF}}
-\entry{INPUTRC}{67}{\code {INPUTRC}}
-\entry{LANG}{67}{\code {LANG}}
-\entry{LC_ALL}{67}{\code {LC_ALL}}
-\entry{LC_COLLATE}{67}{\code {LC_COLLATE}}
-\entry{LC_CTYPE}{67}{\code {LC_CTYPE}}
-\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{67}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
-\entry{LC_NUMERIC}{67}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}}
-\entry{LINENO}{68}{\code {LINENO}}
-\entry{LINES}{68}{\code {LINES}}
-\entry{MACHTYPE}{68}{\code {MACHTYPE}}
-\entry{MAILCHECK}{68}{\code {MAILCHECK}}
-\entry{MAPFILE}{68}{\code {MAPFILE}}
-\entry{OLDPWD}{68}{\code {OLDPWD}}
-\entry{OPTERR}{68}{\code {OPTERR}}
-\entry{OSTYPE}{68}{\code {OSTYPE}}
-\entry{PIPESTATUS}{68}{\code {PIPESTATUS}}
-\entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{68}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}
-\entry{PPID}{68}{\code {PPID}}
-\entry{PROMPT_COMMAND}{68}{\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}
-\entry{PROMPT_DIRTRIM}{68}{\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}
-\entry{PS3}{68}{\code {PS3}}
-\entry{PS4}{69}{\code {PS4}}
-\entry{PWD}{69}{\code {PWD}}
-\entry{RANDOM}{69}{\code {RANDOM}}
-\entry{READLINE_LINE}{69}{\code {READLINE_LINE}}
-\entry{READLINE_POINT}{69}{\code {READLINE_POINT}}
-\entry{REPLY}{69}{\code {REPLY}}
-\entry{SECONDS}{69}{\code {SECONDS}}
-\entry{SHELL}{69}{\code {SHELL}}
-\entry{SHELLOPTS}{69}{\code {SHELLOPTS}}
-\entry{SHLVL}{69}{\code {SHLVL}}
-\entry{TIMEFORMAT}{69}{\code {TIMEFORMAT}}
-\entry{TMOUT}{70}{\code {TMOUT}}
-\entry{TMPDIR}{70}{\code {TMPDIR}}
-\entry{UID}{70}{\code {UID}}
-\entry{auto_resume}{92}{\code {auto_resume}}
-\entry{bell-style}{97}{\code {bell-style}}
-\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{97}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}
-\entry{comment-begin}{97}{\code {comment-begin}}
-\entry{completion-display-width}{97}{\code {completion-display-width}}
-\entry{completion-ignore-case}{97}{\code {completion-ignore-case}}
-\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{97}{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}
-\entry{completion-query-items}{97}{\code {completion-query-items}}
-\entry{convert-meta}{98}{\code {convert-meta}}
-\entry{disable-completion}{98}{\code {disable-completion}}
-\entry{editing-mode}{98}{\code {editing-mode}}
-\entry{enable-keypad}{98}{\code {enable-keypad}}
-\entry{expand-tilde}{98}{\code {expand-tilde}}
-\entry{history-preserve-point}{98}{\code {history-preserve-point}}
-\entry{history-size}{98}{\code {history-size}}
-\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{99}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
-\entry{input-meta}{99}{\code {input-meta}}
-\entry{meta-flag}{99}{\code {meta-flag}}
-\entry{isearch-terminators}{99}{\code {isearch-terminators}}
-\entry{keymap}{99}{\code {keymap}}
-\entry{mark-modified-lines}{99}{\code {mark-modified-lines}}
-\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{99}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}
-\entry{match-hidden-files}{99}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
-\entry{output-meta}{99}{\code {output-meta}}
-\entry{page-completions}{100}{\code {page-completions}}
-\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{100}{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}
-\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{100}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
-\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{100}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
-\entry{skip-completed-text}{100}{\code {skip-completed-text}}
-\entry{visible-stats}{100}{\code {visible-stats}}
+\entry{*}{18}{\code {*}}
+\entry{@}{18}{\code {@}}
+\entry{#}{18}{\code {#}}
+\entry{?}{18}{\code {?}}
+\entry{-}{18}{\code {-}}
+\entry{$}{18}{\code {$}}
+\entry{!}{18}{\code {!}}
+\entry{0}{18}{\code {0}}
+\entry{_}{18}{\code {_}}
+\entry{CDPATH}{63}{\code {CDPATH}}
+\entry{HOME}{63}{\code {HOME}}
+\entry{IFS}{63}{\code {IFS}}
+\entry{MAIL}{63}{\code {MAIL}}
+\entry{MAILPATH}{63}{\code {MAILPATH}}
+\entry{OPTARG}{63}{\code {OPTARG}}
+\entry{OPTIND}{63}{\code {OPTIND}}
+\entry{PATH}{63}{\code {PATH}}
+\entry{PS1}{63}{\code {PS1}}
+\entry{PS2}{63}{\code {PS2}}
+\entry{BASH}{63}{\code {BASH}}
+\entry{BASHOPTS}{64}{\code {BASHOPTS}}
+\entry{BASHPID}{64}{\code {BASHPID}}
+\entry{BASH_ALIASES}{64}{\code {BASH_ALIASES}}
+\entry{BASH_ARGC}{64}{\code {BASH_ARGC}}
+\entry{BASH_ARGV}{64}{\code {BASH_ARGV}}
+\entry{BASH_CMDS}{64}{\code {BASH_CMDS}}
+\entry{BASH_COMMAND}{64}{\code {BASH_COMMAND}}
+\entry{BASH_ENV}{64}{\code {BASH_ENV}}
+\entry{BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}{64}{\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}
+\entry{BASH_LINENO}{65}{\code {BASH_LINENO}}
+\entry{BASH_REMATCH}{65}{\code {BASH_REMATCH}}
+\entry{BASH_SOURCE}{65}{\code {BASH_SOURCE}}
+\entry{BASH_SUBSHELL}{65}{\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}
+\entry{BASH_VERSINFO}{65}{\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}
+\entry{BASH_VERSION}{65}{\code {BASH_VERSION}}
+\entry{BASH_XTRACEFD}{65}{\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}
+\entry{COLUMNS}{66}{\code {COLUMNS}}
+\entry{COMP_CWORD}{66}{\code {COMP_CWORD}}
+\entry{COMP_LINE}{66}{\code {COMP_LINE}}
+\entry{COMP_POINT}{66}{\code {COMP_POINT}}
+\entry{COMP_TYPE}{66}{\code {COMP_TYPE}}
+\entry{COMP_KEY}{66}{\code {COMP_KEY}}
+\entry{COMP_WORDBREAKS}{66}{\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}
+\entry{COMP_WORDS}{66}{\code {COMP_WORDS}}
+\entry{COMPREPLY}{67}{\code {COMPREPLY}}
+\entry{COPROC}{67}{\code {COPROC}}
+\entry{DIRSTACK}{67}{\code {DIRSTACK}}
+\entry{EMACS}{67}{\code {EMACS}}
+\entry{ENV}{67}{\code {ENV}}
+\entry{EUID}{67}{\code {EUID}}
+\entry{FCEDIT}{67}{\code {FCEDIT}}
+\entry{FIGNORE}{67}{\code {FIGNORE}}
+\entry{FUNCNAME}{67}{\code {FUNCNAME}}
+\entry{FUNCNEST}{67}{\code {FUNCNEST}}
+\entry{GLOBIGNORE}{67}{\code {GLOBIGNORE}}
+\entry{GROUPS}{67}{\code {GROUPS}}
+\entry{histchars}{68}{\code {histchars}}
+\entry{HISTCMD}{68}{\code {HISTCMD}}
+\entry{HISTCONTROL}{68}{\code {HISTCONTROL}}
+\entry{HISTFILE}{68}{\code {HISTFILE}}
+\entry{HISTFILESIZE}{68}{\code {HISTFILESIZE}}
+\entry{HISTIGNORE}{68}{\code {HISTIGNORE}}
+\entry{HISTSIZE}{69}{\code {HISTSIZE}}
+\entry{HISTTIMEFORMAT}{69}{\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}
+\entry{HOSTFILE}{69}{\code {HOSTFILE}}
+\entry{HOSTNAME}{69}{\code {HOSTNAME}}
+\entry{HOSTTYPE}{69}{\code {HOSTTYPE}}
+\entry{IGNOREEOF}{69}{\code {IGNOREEOF}}
+\entry{INPUTRC}{69}{\code {INPUTRC}}
+\entry{LANG}{69}{\code {LANG}}
+\entry{LC_ALL}{69}{\code {LC_ALL}}
+\entry{LC_COLLATE}{69}{\code {LC_COLLATE}}
+\entry{LC_CTYPE}{69}{\code {LC_CTYPE}}
+\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{70}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
+\entry{LC_NUMERIC}{70}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}}
+\entry{LINENO}{70}{\code {LINENO}}
+\entry{LINES}{70}{\code {LINES}}
+\entry{MACHTYPE}{70}{\code {MACHTYPE}}
+\entry{MAILCHECK}{70}{\code {MAILCHECK}}
+\entry{MAPFILE}{70}{\code {MAPFILE}}
+\entry{OLDPWD}{70}{\code {OLDPWD}}
+\entry{OPTERR}{70}{\code {OPTERR}}
+\entry{OSTYPE}{70}{\code {OSTYPE}}
+\entry{PIPESTATUS}{70}{\code {PIPESTATUS}}
+\entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{70}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}
+\entry{PPID}{70}{\code {PPID}}
+\entry{PROMPT_COMMAND}{70}{\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}
+\entry{PROMPT_DIRTRIM}{70}{\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}
+\entry{PS3}{71}{\code {PS3}}
+\entry{PS4}{71}{\code {PS4}}
+\entry{PWD}{71}{\code {PWD}}
+\entry{RANDOM}{71}{\code {RANDOM}}
+\entry{READLINE_LINE}{71}{\code {READLINE_LINE}}
+\entry{READLINE_POINT}{71}{\code {READLINE_POINT}}
+\entry{REPLY}{71}{\code {REPLY}}
+\entry{SECONDS}{71}{\code {SECONDS}}
+\entry{SHELL}{71}{\code {SHELL}}
+\entry{SHELLOPTS}{71}{\code {SHELLOPTS}}
+\entry{SHLVL}{71}{\code {SHLVL}}
+\entry{TIMEFORMAT}{71}{\code {TIMEFORMAT}}
+\entry{TMOUT}{72}{\code {TMOUT}}
+\entry{TMPDIR}{72}{\code {TMPDIR}}
+\entry{UID}{72}{\code {UID}}
+\entry{auto_resume}{94}{\code {auto_resume}}
+\entry{bell-style}{99}{\code {bell-style}}
+\entry{bind-tty-special-chars}{99}{\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}
+\entry{comment-begin}{99}{\code {comment-begin}}
+\entry{completion-display-width}{99}{\code {completion-display-width}}
+\entry{completion-ignore-case}{99}{\code {completion-ignore-case}}
+\entry{completion-map-case}{99}{\code {completion-map-case}}
+\entry{completion-prefix-display-length}{99}{\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}
+\entry{completion-query-items}{100}{\code {completion-query-items}}
+\entry{convert-meta}{100}{\code {convert-meta}}
+\entry{disable-completion}{100}{\code {disable-completion}}
+\entry{editing-mode}{100}{\code {editing-mode}}
+\entry{enable-keypad}{100}{\code {enable-keypad}}
+\entry{expand-tilde}{100}{\code {expand-tilde}}
+\entry{history-preserve-point}{100}{\code {history-preserve-point}}
+\entry{history-size}{101}{\code {history-size}}
+\entry{horizontal-scroll-mode}{101}{\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}
+\entry{input-meta}{101}{\code {input-meta}}
+\entry{meta-flag}{101}{\code {meta-flag}}
+\entry{isearch-terminators}{101}{\code {isearch-terminators}}
+\entry{keymap}{101}{\code {keymap}}
+\entry{mark-modified-lines}{101}{\code {mark-modified-lines}}
+\entry{mark-symlinked-directories}{101}{\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}
+\entry{match-hidden-files}{101}{\code {match-hidden-files}}
+\entry{output-meta}{102}{\code {output-meta}}
+\entry{page-completions}{102}{\code {page-completions}}
+\entry{revert-all-at-newline}{102}{\code {revert-all-at-newline}}
+\entry{show-all-if-ambiguous}{102}{\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}
+\entry{show-all-if-unmodified}{102}{\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}
+\entry{skip-completed-text}{102}{\code {skip-completed-text}}
+\entry{visible-stats}{102}{\code {visible-stats}}
\initial {!}
-\entry {\code {!}}{17}
+\entry {\code {!}}{18}
\initial {#}
-\entry {\code {#}}{17}
+\entry {\code {#}}{18}
\initial {$}
-\entry {\code {$}}{17}
+\entry {\code {$}}{18}
\initial {*}
-\entry {\code {*}}{16}
+\entry {\code {*}}{18}
\initial {-}
-\entry {\code {-}}{17}
+\entry {\code {-}}{18}
\initial {?}
-\entry {\code {?}}{17}
+\entry {\code {?}}{18}
\initial {@}
-\entry {\code {@}}{16}
+\entry {\code {@}}{18}
\initial {_}
-\entry {\code {_}}{17}
+\entry {\code {_}}{18}
\initial {0}
-\entry {\code {0}}{17}
+\entry {\code {0}}{18}
\initial {A}
-\entry {\code {auto_resume}}{92}
+\entry {\code {auto_resume}}{94}
\initial {B}
-\entry {\code {BASH}}{61}
-\entry {\code {BASH_ALIASES}}{62}
-\entry {\code {BASH_ARGC}}{62}
-\entry {\code {BASH_ARGV}}{62}
-\entry {\code {BASH_CMDS}}{62}
-\entry {\code {BASH_COMMAND}}{62}
-\entry {\code {BASH_ENV}}{62}
-\entry {\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}{62}
-\entry {\code {BASH_LINENO}}{63}
-\entry {\code {BASH_REMATCH}}{63}
-\entry {\code {BASH_SOURCE}}{63}
-\entry {\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}{63}
-\entry {\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}{63}
-\entry {\code {BASH_VERSION}}{63}
-\entry {\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}{63}
-\entry {\code {BASHOPTS}}{62}
-\entry {\code {BASHPID}}{62}
-\entry {\code {bell-style}}{97}
-\entry {\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{97}
+\entry {\code {BASH}}{63}
+\entry {\code {BASH_ALIASES}}{64}
+\entry {\code {BASH_ARGC}}{64}
+\entry {\code {BASH_ARGV}}{64}
+\entry {\code {BASH_CMDS}}{64}
+\entry {\code {BASH_COMMAND}}{64}
+\entry {\code {BASH_ENV}}{64}
+\entry {\code {BASH_EXECUTION_STRING}}{64}
+\entry {\code {BASH_LINENO}}{65}
+\entry {\code {BASH_REMATCH}}{65}
+\entry {\code {BASH_SOURCE}}{65}
+\entry {\code {BASH_SUBSHELL}}{65}
+\entry {\code {BASH_VERSINFO}}{65}
+\entry {\code {BASH_VERSION}}{65}
+\entry {\code {BASH_XTRACEFD}}{65}
+\entry {\code {BASHOPTS}}{64}
+\entry {\code {BASHPID}}{64}
+\entry {\code {bell-style}}{99}
+\entry {\code {bind-tty-special-chars}}{99}
\initial {C}
-\entry {\code {CDPATH}}{61}
-\entry {\code {COLUMNS}}{64}
-\entry {\code {comment-begin}}{97}
-\entry {\code {COMP_CWORD}}{64}
-\entry {\code {COMP_KEY}}{64}
-\entry {\code {COMP_LINE}}{64}
-\entry {\code {COMP_POINT}}{64}
-\entry {\code {COMP_TYPE}}{64}
-\entry {\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}{64}
-\entry {\code {COMP_WORDS}}{64}
-\entry {\code {completion-display-width}}{97}
-\entry {\code {completion-ignore-case}}{97}
-\entry {\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{97}
-\entry {\code {completion-query-items}}{97}
-\entry {\code {COMPREPLY}}{65}
-\entry {\code {convert-meta}}{98}
-\entry {\code {COPROC}}{65}
+\entry {\code {CDPATH}}{63}
+\entry {\code {COLUMNS}}{66}
+\entry {\code {comment-begin}}{99}
+\entry {\code {COMP_CWORD}}{66}
+\entry {\code {COMP_KEY}}{66}
+\entry {\code {COMP_LINE}}{66}
+\entry {\code {COMP_POINT}}{66}
+\entry {\code {COMP_TYPE}}{66}
+\entry {\code {COMP_WORDBREAKS}}{66}
+\entry {\code {COMP_WORDS}}{66}
+\entry {\code {completion-display-width}}{99}
+\entry {\code {completion-ignore-case}}{99}
+\entry {\code {completion-map-case}}{99}
+\entry {\code {completion-prefix-display-length}}{99}
+\entry {\code {completion-query-items}}{100}
+\entry {\code {COMPREPLY}}{67}
+\entry {\code {convert-meta}}{100}
+\entry {\code {COPROC}}{67}
\initial {D}
-\entry {\code {DIRSTACK}}{65}
-\entry {\code {disable-completion}}{98}
+\entry {\code {DIRSTACK}}{67}
+\entry {\code {disable-completion}}{100}
\initial {E}
-\entry {\code {editing-mode}}{98}
-\entry {\code {EMACS}}{65}
-\entry {\code {enable-keypad}}{98}
-\entry {\code {ENV}}{65}
-\entry {\code {EUID}}{65}
-\entry {\code {expand-tilde}}{98}
+\entry {\code {editing-mode}}{100}
+\entry {\code {EMACS}}{67}
+\entry {\code {enable-keypad}}{100}
+\entry {\code {ENV}}{67}
+\entry {\code {EUID}}{67}
+\entry {\code {expand-tilde}}{100}
\initial {F}
-\entry {\code {FCEDIT}}{65}
-\entry {\code {FIGNORE}}{65}
-\entry {\code {FUNCNAME}}{65}
+\entry {\code {FCEDIT}}{67}
+\entry {\code {FIGNORE}}{67}
+\entry {\code {FUNCNAME}}{67}
+\entry {\code {FUNCNEST}}{67}
\initial {G}
-\entry {\code {GLOBIGNORE}}{65}
-\entry {\code {GROUPS}}{65}
+\entry {\code {GLOBIGNORE}}{67}
+\entry {\code {GROUPS}}{67}
\initial {H}
-\entry {\code {histchars}}{65}
-\entry {\code {HISTCMD}}{66}
-\entry {\code {HISTCONTROL}}{66}
-\entry {\code {HISTFILE}}{66}
-\entry {\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{66}
-\entry {\code {HISTIGNORE}}{66}
-\entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{98}
-\entry {\code {history-size}}{98}
-\entry {\code {HISTSIZE}}{66}
-\entry {\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}{67}
-\entry {\code {HOME}}{61}
-\entry {\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{99}
-\entry {\code {HOSTFILE}}{67}
-\entry {\code {HOSTNAME}}{67}
-\entry {\code {HOSTTYPE}}{67}
+\entry {\code {histchars}}{68}
+\entry {\code {HISTCMD}}{68}
+\entry {\code {HISTCONTROL}}{68}
+\entry {\code {HISTFILE}}{68}
+\entry {\code {HISTFILESIZE}}{68}
+\entry {\code {HISTIGNORE}}{68}
+\entry {\code {history-preserve-point}}{100}
+\entry {\code {history-size}}{101}
+\entry {\code {HISTSIZE}}{69}
+\entry {\code {HISTTIMEFORMAT}}{69}
+\entry {\code {HOME}}{63}
+\entry {\code {horizontal-scroll-mode}}{101}
+\entry {\code {HOSTFILE}}{69}
+\entry {\code {HOSTNAME}}{69}
+\entry {\code {HOSTTYPE}}{69}
\initial {I}
-\entry {\code {IFS}}{61}
-\entry {\code {IGNOREEOF}}{67}
-\entry {\code {input-meta}}{99}
-\entry {\code {INPUTRC}}{67}
-\entry {\code {isearch-terminators}}{99}
+\entry {\code {IFS}}{63}
+\entry {\code {IGNOREEOF}}{69}
+\entry {\code {input-meta}}{101}
+\entry {\code {INPUTRC}}{69}
+\entry {\code {isearch-terminators}}{101}
\initial {K}
-\entry {\code {keymap}}{99}
+\entry {\code {keymap}}{101}
\initial {L}
-\entry {\code {LANG}}{67}
-\entry {\code {LC_ALL}}{67}
-\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE}}{67}
-\entry {\code {LC_CTYPE}}{67}
-\entry {\code {LC_MESSAGES}}{7, 67}
-\entry {\code {LC_NUMERIC}}{67}
-\entry {\code {LINENO}}{68}
-\entry {\code {LINES}}{68}
+\entry {\code {LANG}}{69}
+\entry {\code {LC_ALL}}{69}
+\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE}}{69}
+\entry {\code {LC_CTYPE}}{69}
+\entry {\code {LC_MESSAGES}}{7, 70}
+\entry {\code {LC_NUMERIC}}{70}
+\entry {\code {LINENO}}{70}
+\entry {\code {LINES}}{70}
\initial {M}
-\entry {\code {MACHTYPE}}{68}
-\entry {\code {MAIL}}{61}
-\entry {\code {MAILCHECK}}{68}
-\entry {\code {MAILPATH}}{61}
-\entry {\code {MAPFILE}}{68}
-\entry {\code {mark-modified-lines}}{99}
-\entry {\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{99}
-\entry {\code {match-hidden-files}}{99}
-\entry {\code {meta-flag}}{99}
+\entry {\code {MACHTYPE}}{70}
+\entry {\code {MAIL}}{63}
+\entry {\code {MAILCHECK}}{70}
+\entry {\code {MAILPATH}}{63}
+\entry {\code {MAPFILE}}{70}
+\entry {\code {mark-modified-lines}}{101}
+\entry {\code {mark-symlinked-directories}}{101}
+\entry {\code {match-hidden-files}}{101}
+\entry {\code {meta-flag}}{101}
\initial {O}
-\entry {\code {OLDPWD}}{68}
-\entry {\code {OPTARG}}{61}
-\entry {\code {OPTERR}}{68}
-\entry {\code {OPTIND}}{61}
-\entry {\code {OSTYPE}}{68}
-\entry {\code {output-meta}}{99}
+\entry {\code {OLDPWD}}{70}
+\entry {\code {OPTARG}}{63}
+\entry {\code {OPTERR}}{70}
+\entry {\code {OPTIND}}{63}
+\entry {\code {OSTYPE}}{70}
+\entry {\code {output-meta}}{102}
\initial {P}
-\entry {\code {page-completions}}{100}
-\entry {\code {PATH}}{61}
-\entry {\code {PIPESTATUS}}{68}
-\entry {\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}{68}
-\entry {\code {PPID}}{68}
-\entry {\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}{68}
-\entry {\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}{68}
-\entry {\code {PS1}}{61}
-\entry {\code {PS2}}{61}
-\entry {\code {PS3}}{68}
-\entry {\code {PS4}}{69}
-\entry {\code {PWD}}{69}
+\entry {\code {page-completions}}{102}
+\entry {\code {PATH}}{63}
+\entry {\code {PIPESTATUS}}{70}
+\entry {\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}{70}
+\entry {\code {PPID}}{70}
+\entry {\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}{70}
+\entry {\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}{70}
+\entry {\code {PS1}}{63}
+\entry {\code {PS2}}{63}
+\entry {\code {PS3}}{71}
+\entry {\code {PS4}}{71}
+\entry {\code {PWD}}{71}
\initial {R}
-\entry {\code {RANDOM}}{69}
-\entry {\code {READLINE_LINE}}{69}
-\entry {\code {READLINE_POINT}}{69}
-\entry {\code {REPLY}}{69}
-\entry {\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{100}
+\entry {\code {RANDOM}}{71}
+\entry {\code {READLINE_LINE}}{71}
+\entry {\code {READLINE_POINT}}{71}
+\entry {\code {REPLY}}{71}
+\entry {\code {revert-all-at-newline}}{102}
\initial {S}
-\entry {\code {SECONDS}}{69}
-\entry {\code {SHELL}}{69}
-\entry {\code {SHELLOPTS}}{69}
-\entry {\code {SHLVL}}{69}
-\entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{100}
-\entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{100}
-\entry {\code {skip-completed-text}}{100}
+\entry {\code {SECONDS}}{71}
+\entry {\code {SHELL}}{71}
+\entry {\code {SHELLOPTS}}{71}
+\entry {\code {SHLVL}}{71}
+\entry {\code {show-all-if-ambiguous}}{102}
+\entry {\code {show-all-if-unmodified}}{102}
+\entry {\code {skip-completed-text}}{102}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}{7}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAINDIR}}{7}
-\entry {\code {TIMEFORMAT}}{69}
-\entry {\code {TMOUT}}{70}
-\entry {\code {TMPDIR}}{70}
+\entry {\code {TIMEFORMAT}}{71}
+\entry {\code {TMOUT}}{72}
+\entry {\code {TMPDIR}}{72}
\initial {U}
-\entry {\code {UID}}{70}
+\entry {\code {UID}}{72}
\initial {V}
-\entry {\code {visible-stats}}{100}
+\entry {\code {visible-stats}}{102}
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
than or equal to 1.
- d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
+ t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
file name and line number where the function is defined are dis-
- played as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies -\b-f\bf. The following
- options can be used to restrict output to variables with the
- specified attribute or to give variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ played as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies -\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces
+ variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
+ when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
+ all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
+ output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
+ variables attributes:
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
- -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
- inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
- shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
+ -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
+ inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
+ shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
the exceptions that +\b+a\ba may not be used to destroy an array vari-
- able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
- in a function, makes each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command.
- If a variable name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the vari-
- able is set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The return value is 0 unless an invalid
- option is encountered, an attempt is made to define a function
- using ``-f foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a
- readonly variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an
- array variable without using the compound assignment syntax (see
- A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable
- name, an attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a read-
- only variable, an attempt is made to turn off array status for
- an array variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-exis-
- tent function with -\b-f\bf.
+ able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
+ in a function, makes each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command,
+ unless the -\b-g\bgP\bP o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs s\bsu\bup\bpp\bpl\bli\bie\bed\bd,\b, I\bIf\bf a\ba v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be n\bna\bam\bme\be i\bis\bs f\bfo\bol\bl-\b-
+ l\blo\bow\bwe\bed\bd b\bby\by =\b=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be,\b, t\bth\bhe\be v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be o\bof\bf t\bth\bhe\be v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be i\bis\bs s\bse\bet\bt t\bto\bo _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be.\b. T\bTh\bhe\be
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be i\bis\bs 0\b0 u\bun\bnl\ble\bes\bss\bs a\ban\bn i\bin\bnv\bva\bal\bli\bid\bd o\bop\bpt\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bis\bs e\ben\bnc\bco\bou\bun\bnt\bte\ber\bre\bed\bd,\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo d\bde\bef\bfi\bin\bne\be a\ba f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg `\b``\b`-\b-f\bf f\bfo\boo\bo=\b=b\bba\bar\br'\b''\b',\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ba r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be,\b, a\ban\bn
+ a\bat\btt\bte\bem\bmp\bpt\bt i\bis\bs m\bma\bad\bde\be t\bto\bo a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn a\ba v\bva\bal\blu\bue\be t\bto\bo a\ban\bn a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by v\bva\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\be w\bwi\bit\bth\bho\bou\but\bt
+ u\bus\bsi\bin\bng\bg t\bth\bhe\be c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd a\bas\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bnm\bme\ben\bnt\bt s\bsy\byn\bnt\bta\bax\bx (\b(s\bse\bee\be A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs above), one of
+ the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, an attempt is made
+ to turn off readonly status for a readonly variable, an attempt
+ is made to turn off array status for an array variable, or an
+ attempt is made to display a non-existent function with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
- directories. The default display is on a single line with
- directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
- the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
+ directories. The default display is on a single line with
+ directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
+ the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
entries from the list.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
-\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
entries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a longer listing; the default listing format
uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
- active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br
- is supplied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If
+ Without options, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is removed from the table of
+ active jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br
+ is supplied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If
the -\b-h\bh option is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the ta-
- ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
- shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
- the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
+ ble, but is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the
+ shell receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither
+ the -\b-a\ba nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used.
If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means to remove or mark
- all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
- operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ all jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts
+ operation to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
The return status is always 0. If -\b-n\bn is specified, the trailing
- newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option is given, interpreta-
- tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
- The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpretation of these escape char-
- acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
- The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used to dynamically determine
- whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these escape characters by default.
- e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo
+ newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option is given, interpreta-
+ tion of the following backslash-escaped characters is enabled.
+ The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpretation of these escape char-
+ acters, even on systems where they are interpreted by default.
+ The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used to dynamically determine
+ whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these escape characters by default.
+ e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo
interprets the following escape sequences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
+ \\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
- The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
+ The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
- ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
- is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
- plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
- tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
- output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
- value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
- ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
+ ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
_\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the shell option e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, in which case it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
file cannot be executed. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redi-
rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status
- is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
+ is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
- exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
- export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
- name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
- option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of all names that are
+ exported in this shell is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the
+ export property to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable
+ name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns an exit status of 0 unless an invalid
+ option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a func-
tion.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
- to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
- be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
- with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
+ Fix Command. In the first form, a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt
+ to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is selected from the history list. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may
+ be specified as a string (to locate the last command beginning
+ with that string) or as a number (an index into the history
list, where a negative number is used as an offset from the cur-
rent command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not specified it is set to the
- current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
+ current command for listing (so that ``fc -l -10'' prints the
last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt otherwise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not spec-
- ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
+ ified it is set to the previous command for editing and -16 for
listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, is used. When editing is complete,
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, is used. When editing is complete,
the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
- ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. A useful alias to use with this is
+ ``r="fc -s"'', so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command
beginning with ``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last com-
mand.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
- invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bs]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
- expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
- by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
- be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
+ expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
+ by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
+ be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
- 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
- option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
- the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
- cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
+ 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
+ option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
+ the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
+ cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame-
ters is to be used.
- When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
- return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
+ When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
+ return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
the first non-option argument, and n\bna\bam\bme\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
arguments are given in _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those instead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option
- causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
- option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
- which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
- hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
+ is used as the full file name of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
+ option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
+ which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
+ hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments
- are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
- bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
+ are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
+ bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
- since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
+ since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines
- appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines
+ appended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
-\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and use them as the
current history.
- -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
+ -\b-w\bw Write the current history to the history file, overwrit-
ing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the previous history line. The return value is 0
- unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
+ unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion supplied as
an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
- status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ status since the user was last notified of their status.
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Restrict output to running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Restrict output to stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, returning its exit status.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
- if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
+ if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
tion and its children. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
- local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
[-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
[-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
-\b-t\bt Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
- array element to be assigned as an additional argument. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\b-
- _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after the line is read but before the array
- element is assigned.
+ array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
- Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
- removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
+ Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+ removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow-
ing meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
- directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
- and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
+ and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis-
tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
fails.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which
- contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are
- simply copied to standard output, character escape sequences,
- which are converted and copied to the standard output, and for-
- mat specifications, each of which causes printing of the next
- successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) for-
- mats, %\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in
- the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt (except that \\b\c\bc terminates output,
- backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal escapes
- beginning with \\b\0\b0 may contain up to four digits), and %\b%q\bq causes
- p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a format that can
- be reused as shell input.
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ standard output.
+
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) format specifications, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
+ interprets the following extensions:
+ %\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
+ corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt (except that \\b\c\bc terminates output,
+ backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal
+ escapes beginning with \\b\0\b0 may contain up to four digits).
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ format that can be reused as shell input.
+ %\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ -2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
- _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the standard output.
-
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
- and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
+ and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
if supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
- directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
+ directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
new current working directory.
If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
- fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
- occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
- descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
- second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
- ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
+ second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
+ ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
- are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
- split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
- used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
- and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
+ split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
+ used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
+ and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
ignored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
input line, rather than newline.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
not previously active) editing settings.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
- waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
are read.
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
- following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
- tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
- other special file; it has no effect when reading from
- regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
- input is available on the specified file descriptor,
- failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
+ following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
+ tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
+ other special file; it has no effect when reading from
+ regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns success if
+ input is available on the specified file descriptor,
+ failure otherwise. The exit status is greater than 128
if the timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
- able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
- encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
- greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
+ able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
+ encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
+ greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAp\bpf\bf] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
- arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
- arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
- supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
- option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
- reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
- value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
+ arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
+ arrays. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is
+ supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp
+ option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be
+ reused as input. If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the
+ value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0
unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not
- a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
+ a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that
is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
- If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
- executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
- during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
+ Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
+ If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
+ executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
+ during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
- _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
- script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
- function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
+ _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
+ script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
+ function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
status is false. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is
- executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
+ executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
- options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
- $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
+ $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
meanings:
- -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
- modified or created for export to the environment of
+ -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
+ modified or created for export to the environment of
subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl command enclosed in
- parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of
- a command list enclosed by braces (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl command enclosed in
+ parentheses, or one of the commands executed as part of
+ a command list enclosed by braces (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
- exit if the command that fails is part of the command
- list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test following the i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved
- words, part of any command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list
- except the command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any
- command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
- return value is being inverted with !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ exit if the command that fails is part of the command
+ list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test following the i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved
+ words, part of any command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list
+ except the command following the final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any
+ command in a pipeline but the last, or if the command's
+ return value is being inverted with !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
- cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
- taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
+ cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
+ taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
tion.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
- unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
ior. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list of all set-
table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
- each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
- form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
+ each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
+ form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec-
- tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
+ tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
(unset) by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
- and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
U\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
mand's =~ operator.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
using the conditional command's < and > operators.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the conditional command's < and > operators and
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the conditional command's < and > operators and
the effect of interrupting a command list.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
- described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS. t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not
accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore an argument of
-\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
depends on the number of arguments; see below.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a sim-
ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following
- conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
- is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
- u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
- command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
- value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
+ conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
+ is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
+ u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
+ command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
+ value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
- reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
+ reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
(the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return
status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or
an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
- able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
- sequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS,
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they
- lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS,
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they
+ lose their special properties, even if they are subsequently
reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Thu May 20 16:33:07 2010
+%%CreationDate: Tue Jun 1 11:58:36 2010
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
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+
-.25(va)144 523.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
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%%Page: 6 6
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--.4(Wi)144 309.6 S .328
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(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.)
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2.5(se).15 G(ntries from the list.)-2.5 E F1(+)144 345.6 Q F2(n)A F0
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(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F2(n)3.694 E F0 1.194
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(tory)180 417.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 429.6 Q F0
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-(to mean the end of options.)3.159 F F1(echo)5.66 E F0 .66
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27.66 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(6)203.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 7 7
(\\x)144 192 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E
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292.8 Q F1<ad64>
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364.8 Q F1<ad64>
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F F1<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
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2<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
+(rses the order of).15 F .438(the commands.)144 244.8 R .438(If the)
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5.438 F F2<ad6c>2.938 E F0 .438(option is gi)2.938 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .438
(n, the commands are listed on standard output.).15 F(Otherwise,)5.438 E
-.335(the editor gi)144 204 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.835(nb).15 G(y)-2.835 E F2
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-.1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835 F
-(If)5.334 E F2(ename)3.024 E F0 .334(is not gi)3.014 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-(n,).15 E .63(the v)144 216 R .63(alue of the)-.25 F/F4 9/Times-Bold@0
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-144 228 R 1.884(ariable is set, is used.)-.25 F 1.884
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+(do).1 G 2.835(na\214)-2.835 G .335(le containing those commands.)-2.835
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(When editing is complete, the edited commands are echoed and)6.884 F
--.15(exe)144 240 S(cuted.).15 E .039(In the second form,)144 264 R F2
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--.15 F F3(cc)144 288 Q F0(and typing)2.5 E F3(r)2.5 E F0(re-e)2.5 E -.15
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-(If the \214rst form is used, the return v)144 312 R .142
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(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .142
-(lid option is encountered or).25 F F2<8c72>4.552 E(st)-.1 E F0(or)3.322
-E F2(last)2.732 E F0 .455(specify history lines out of range.)144 324 R
-
.454(If the)5.454 F F1<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
-(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .454(alue is the v)-.25 F .454
-(alue of the)-.25 F .787(last command e)144 336 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .787
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+
R .454(If the)5.454 F F2<ad65>2.954 E F0 .454
+(option is supplied, the return v)2.954 F .455(alue is the v)-.25 F .455
+(alue of the)-.25 F .788(last command e)144 388.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .788
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(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
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-348 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.135(cuted, unless).15 F F2(cmd)3.835 E F0 1.135
-(does not)4.405 F(specify a v)144 360 Q
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-(ailure.)-.1 E F1(fg)108 376.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(jobspec)A F0(])A(Resume)
-144 388.8 Q F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0 1.413(in the fore)4.223 F 1.413
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(ground, and mak)-.15 F 3.913(ei)-.1 G 3.913(tt)-3.913 G 1.413
-(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F2(jobspec)5.653 E F0
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-(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 412.8 Q
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-(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .363
-(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F2(jobspec)145.74 424.8 Q
-F0 .004(does not specify a v)2.815 F .004(alid job or)-.25 F F2(jobspec)
+(he current job)-3.913 F 6.413(.I)-.4 G(f)-6.413 E F1(jobspec)5.653 E F0
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+(alue is that of the command placed into the)-.25 F(fore)144 465.6 Q
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+(ailure if run when job control is disabled or)-.1 F 2.862(,w)-.4 G .362
+(hen run with job control enabled, if)-2.862 F F1(jobspec)145.74 477.6 Q
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4.244 E F0 .004(speci\214es a job that w)2.814 F .004
-(as started without job control.)-.1 F F1(getopts)108 441.6 Q F2
-(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F1(getopts)144
-453.6 Q F0 .793
-(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.293 F F2
-(optstring)6.023 E F0 .793(contains the option)3.513 F .15
-(characters to be recognized; if a character is follo)144 465.6 R .149
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--.15(ve a)-.2 H(n).15 E(ar)144 477.6 Q .578
-(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .579
+(as started without job control.)-.1 F F2(getopts)108 494.4 Q F1
+(optstring name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(ar)A(gs)-.37 E F0(])A F2(getopts)144
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+(is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters.)3.294 F F1
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+(gument, which should be separated from it by white space.)-.18 F .578
(The colon and question mark char)5.579 F(-)-.2 E 1.665
-(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 489.6 R 1.665
-(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F1(getopts)
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-(option in the shell v)144 501.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)3.296 E F0
-3.296(,i).18 G(nitializing)-3.296 E F2(name)3.657 E F0 .797
-(if it does not e)3.477 F .797(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.297(xo)-.15 G
-3.297(ft)-3.297 G .797(he ne)-3.297 F(xt)-.15 E(ar)144 513.6 Q .085
+(acters may not be used as option characters.)144 542.4 R 1.665
+(Each time it is in)6.665 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d,).1 E F2(getopts)
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+(if it does not e)3.477 F .796(xist, and the inde)-.15 F 3.296(xo)-.15 G
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(gument to be processed into the v)-.18 F(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTIND)2.585
E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4(OPTIND)4.585 E F0 .085
-(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .845
-(or a shell script is in)144 525.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.345
-(d. When).1 F .845(an option requires an ar)3.345 F(gument,)-.18 E F1
-(getopts)3.346 E F0 .846(places that ar)3.346 F(gument)-.18 E .804
-(into the v)144 537.6 R(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPT)3.304 E(ARG)-.81 E F5(.)A
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-(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293
-(reset between multiple calls to)144 549.6 R F1(getopts)2.793 E F0 .293
+(is initialized to 1 each time the shell)2.335 F .846
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+(automatically; it must be manually)3.054 F .294
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(within the same shell in)2.793 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .293(cation if a ne).2 F
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-Q 2.044(When the end of options is encountered,)144 585.6 R F1(getopts)
-4.543 E F0 -.15(ex)4.543 G 2.043(its with a return v).15 F 2.043
-(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 597.6 Q F0
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+Q 2.043(When the end of options is encountered,)144 638.4 R F2(getopts)
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+(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F4(OPTIND)144 650.4 Q F0
(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
-(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F1(name)2.5 E F0
-(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 621.6 Q F0 2.392
-(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392
-(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893
-(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144
-633.6 Q F0(parses those instead.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 657.6 Q F0 1.166
-(can report errors in tw)3.666 F 3.665(ow)-.1 G 3.665(ays. If)-3.765 F
-1.165(the \214rst character of)3.665 F F2(optstring)3.895 E F0 1.165
-(is a colon,)3.885 F F2(silent)4.005 E F0(error)4.345 E 1.263
-(reporting is used.)144 669.6 R 1.263
+(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
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(In normal operation diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.263 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.263(lid options or).25 F .394(missing option ar)144
-681.6 R .394(guments are encountered.)-.18 F .394(If the v)5.394 F
-(ariable)-.25 E F4(OPTERR)2.894 E F0 .394
-(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 693.6 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E
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-(options is encountered or an error occurs.)144 168 Q F1(hash)108 184.8
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3(\255lr)A F0 2.5(][)C F3<ad70>-2.5 E F2(\214lename)2.5 E
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3.718 E F0 .858(is determined by searching)3.538 F .956
-(the directories in)144 208.8 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0
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-(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .099(If the)144 220.8
-R F1<ad70>2.599 E F0 .099
-(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.599 F F2
-(\214lename)4.508 E F0 .098(is used as the full \214le name)2.778 F
-1.711(of the command.)144 232.8 R(The)6.711 E F1<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711
-(option causes the shell to for)4.211 F 1.712
-(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F1<ad64>4.212 E F0
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+(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .098(If the)144 280.8
+R F3<ad70>2.598 E F0 .098
+(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.598 F F2
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(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I)
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1<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-)
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268.8 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0
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328.8 R F3<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0
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--.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 458.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A
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+(g.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0(])A F3(history \255s)108 542.4 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)
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(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
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2.676 E F0 .176
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3<ad64>144
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(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1
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4(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 249.6 Q F1<ad70>144
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-(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 285.6 Q F0
-(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 302.4 Q F2(jobspec)
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3(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 309.6 Q F1<ad70>144
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+(Restrict output to running jobs.)25.86 E F1<ad73>144 345.6 Q F0
+(Restrict output to stopped jobs.)26.41 E(If)144 362.4 Q F2(jobspec)
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360 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
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420 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad73>A F2(sigspec)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1
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F1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523
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-E F1(let)108 484.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Each)144 496.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196
-(is an arithmetic e)2.916 F .197(xpression to be e)-.15 F -.25(va)-.25 G
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-(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(11)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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-(The \214rst character of)180 434.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
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5(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 494.4 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144
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-(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 530.4 Q
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-(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
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6(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 631.2 Q(gins.)-.15 E F2<ad6e>144
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--.25 E F1<ad73>144 662.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
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-F .839(mands e)184 324 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
-F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 336 Q F1
-<ad48>144 348 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
-(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 360 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 372 Q F0 1.165
+.15 F(tor)184 450 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 462 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
+-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
+(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
+F .838(mands e)184 474 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 486 Q F1
+<ad48>144 498 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 510 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 522 Q F0 1.164
(If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164
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-(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821
-(that change the current w)184 384 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
-(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 396 R(def)2.686
+(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.165
+(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.665 E F0 2.822
+(that change the current w)184 534 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
+(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 546 R(def)2.685
E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184
408 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-420 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184
558 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+570 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 432 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
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(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 444 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 456 Q
-F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 594 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 606 Q
+F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 468 Q
-F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 618 Q F2
+(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
-480 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
-(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G
-1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 492 R
-F1<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945
-(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)
-3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B
-(parameters remain unchanged.)184 504 Q .425(The options are of)144
-520.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+630 Q F0 1.944(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
+(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G
+1.945(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 642 R
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+(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
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+(parameters remain unchanged.)184 654 Q .425(The options are of)144
+670.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 532.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 682.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
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5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
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-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 585.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
-.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
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-E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
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--.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 609.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
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-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 633.6 Q F1(shopt)108 650.4 Q F0([)
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-5.328 F(ha)144 698.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
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-(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
-<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F
-(all)180 120 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5
-E F1<ad6f>144 132 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
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-(If either)144 148.8 R F1<ad73>2.628 E F0(or)2.628 E F1<ad75>2.628 E F0
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-(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.023
-(are set or unset, respecti)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.023
-(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.023 F F1(shopt)3.524 E F0
-1.024(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.524 F(def)144 172.8 Q(ault.)
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(shift)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)A
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+(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G .428
+(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 108 Q F1($#)2.582 E F0
+(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
+(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
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+(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 144 Q F1(shopt)108 160.8 Q F0([)2.5
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+144 220.8 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad75>144 232.8 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
+(.)A F1<ad71>144 244.8 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal output \(quiet mode\
+\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2(optname)2.504 E
+F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 256.8 R .256(If multiple)5.256 F F2
+(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
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+(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F(all)180 268.8 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E
+F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 280.8 Q F0
+(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2(optname)2.5 E F0
+(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0(option to the)2.5
+E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .127(If either)144 297.6 R F1
+<ad73>2.627 E F0(or)2.627 E F1<ad75>2.627 E F0 .127(is used with no)
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+(guments, the display is limited to those options which)-.18 F 1.024
+(are set or unset, respecti)144 309.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 6.024
+(.U)-.65 G 1.024(nless otherwise noted, the)-6.024 F F1(shopt)3.523 E F0
+1.023(options are disabled \(unset\) by)3.523 F(def)144 321.6 Q(ault.)
-.1 E 1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144
-189.6 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
-4.044 F .696
+338.4 R F2(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)
+4.045 F .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 201.6 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696
-(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 213.6 Q(The list of)144 230.4 Q F1(shopt)
-2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 248.4 Q F0 .2
+144 350.4 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695
+(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 362.4 Q(The list of)144 379.2 Q F1(shopt)
+2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 397.2 Q F0 .199
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 260.4 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
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(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 272.4 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 284.4 R .155
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
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+(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 296.4 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 308.4 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 445.2 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 457.2 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
-10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
-(corrected. The)184 320.4 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
-(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .552(one character too man)184 332.4 R 4.352 -.65
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(y. I)-.15 H 3.052(fac).65 G .552
(orrection is found, the corrected \214le name is printed, and)-3.052 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 344.4 Q
+(the command proceeds.)184 493.2 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F1(checkhash)144 356.4 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 368.4 R F1(bash)
-4.579 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F
-2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 380.4 S(cute it.).15 E
+.15 E F1(checkhash)144 505.2 Q F0 2.08(If set,)184 517.2 R F1(bash)4.58
+E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.58 F 2.079
+(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 529.2 S(cute it.).15 E
(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 392.4
-Q F0 .449(If set,)184 404.4 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
-(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
-(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 416.4 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G
-.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938
-(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203
-(attempted without an interv)184 428.4 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 541.2
+Q F0 .448(If set,)184 553.2 R F1(bash)2.948 E F0 .448
+(lists the status of an)2.948 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .449
+(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .449(xiting an interacti)-.15
+F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.439(shell. If)184 565.2 R(an)3.439 E 3.439(yj)-.15 G
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F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 440.4 Q -.1(wa)
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.704 E(al)184 589.2 Q -.1(wa)
-.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
-(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 452.4 Q F0 .796(If set,)184
-464.4 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G
-.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G
-.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 476.4 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5
+(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 601.2 Q F0 .797(If set,)184
+613.2 R F1(bash)3.297 E F0 .797(checks the windo)3.297 F 3.297(ws)-.25 G
+.796(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.297 F 3.296(,u)-.65 G
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E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)
-144 488.4 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
+144 637.2 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-500.4 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
-(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 512.4
-Q F0 .419(If set,)184 524.4 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)
-2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42
+649.2 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
+(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 661.2
+Q F0 .42(If set,)184 673.2 R F1(bash)2.92 E F0 .42(changes its beha)2.92
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S(stricted_shell).18 E F0 1.069
(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
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+(limit)A F0(]])A(Pro)144 441.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)
+-.15 G 2.744(rt).15 G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 309.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F2<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
+.943(that allo)144 453.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
+(The)5.943 E F4<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F4<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 321.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 465.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 333.6 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F2<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F2<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-345.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F1(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 477.6 R .425
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F4<ad48>2.926 E
+F0(nor)2.926 E F4<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
+(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
+489.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F3(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 357.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2
-(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
+.741(of the special v)144 501.6 R(alues)-.25 E F4(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F4
+(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F4(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 369.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F1(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 513.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F3(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .49
9(resource is printed, unless the)144 381.6 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0
-.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498
+F .49
8(resource is printed, unless the)144 525.6 R F4<ad48>2.999 E F0
+.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 393.6 Q 2.5
-(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
-<ad61>144
405.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2<ad62>144
-417.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
-F2<ad63>144 429.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
-F2<ad64>144 441.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
--.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 453.6 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 465.6 Q
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 537.6 Q 2.5
+(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F4
+<ad61>144
549.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F4<ad62>144
+561.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
+F4<ad63>144 573.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
+F4<ad64>144 585.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
+-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F4<ad65>144 597.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F4<ad66>144 609.6 Q
F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
-26.97 E F2<ad69>144 477.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
-27.52 E F2<ad6c>144 489.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 501.6 Q F0
+26.97 E F4<ad69>144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
+27.52 E F4<ad6c>144 633.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
+(ed into memory)-.1 E F4<ad6d>144 645.6 Q F0
(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 513.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F4<ad6e>144 657.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 525.6 Q F2<ad70>144 537.6 Q F0
-(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2
-<ad71>144 549.6 Q F0
-(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F2<ad72>144
-561.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F2<ad73>144
-573.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E F2<ad74>144 585.6 Q F0
-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2<ad75>144 597.6 Q
-F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 609.6 Q F0 .47
-(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47
-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
-621.6 Q F2<ad78>144 633.6 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E
-F2<ad54>144 645.6 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144
-662.4 Q F1(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .343
-(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
-(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F2<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
-(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .176(option is gi)
-144 674.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .176(n, then).15 F F2<ad66>2.676 E F0 .175
-(is assumed.)2.676 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
-(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .175(xcept for)-.15 F F2
-<ad74>2.675 E F0 2.675(,w)C .175(hich is in)-2.675 F(seconds,)144 686.4
-Q F2<ad70>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.515 F F2<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
-A F2<ad62>2.516 E F0(,)A F2<ad6e>2.516 E F0 2.516(,a)C(nd)-2.516 E F2
-<ad75>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016(hich are unscaled v)-2.516 F(al-)-.25 E
-3.788(ues. The)144 698.4 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
--.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
-(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
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+24.74 F 3.29(wt)-.25 G .79(his v)-3.29 F .79(alue to)-.25 F(be set\))180
+669.6 Q F4<ad70>144 681.6 Q F0
+(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F4
+<ad71>144 693.6 Q F0
+(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F4<ad72>144
+705.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F4<ad73>144
+717.6 Q F0(The maximum stack size)26.41 E(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q
+(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(20)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 21 21
%%BeginPageSetup
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S(SH_B).35 E(UIL)-.1 E 290.48
(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(umask)108 84 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1
-<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
-(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 96 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2
-(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad74>144 84 Q F0
+(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F1<ad75>144 96 Q F0
+(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
+(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 108 Q F0 .47
+(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 120
+Q F1<ad78>144 132 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1
+<ad54>144 144 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 160.8 Q
+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)2.933 E F0 .343(is gi)3.523 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G .343(n, it is the ne).15 F 2.843(wv)-.25 G .343
+(alue of the speci\214ed resource \(the)-3.093 F F1<ad61>2.843 E F0 .343
+(option is display only\).)2.843 F .343(If no)5.343 F .175(option is gi)
+144 172.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .175(n, then).15 F F1<ad66>2.675 E F0 .175
+(is assumed.)2.675 F -1.11(Va)5.175 G .175
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .176(xcept for)-.15 F F1
+<ad74>2.676 E F0 2.676(,w)C .176(hich is in)-2.676 F(seconds,)144 184.8
+Q F1<ad70>2.516 E F0 2.516(,w)C .016
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-2.516 F F1<ad54>2.516 E F0(,)
+A F1<ad62>2.515 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.515 E F0 2.515(,a)C(nd)-2.515 E F1
+<ad75>2.515 E F0 2.515(,w)C .015(hich are unscaled v)-2.515 F(al-)-.25 E
+3.787(ues. The)144 196.8 R 1.287(return status is 0 unless an in)3.787 F
+-.25(va)-.4 G 1.287(lid option or ar).25 F 1.287
+(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
+208.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 237.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 108 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-120 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+pted by)144 249.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+261.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 132 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 273.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 144 Q F0 .551
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 156 Q
+(mode)144.38 285.6 Q F0 .552
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 297.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 172.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 184.8 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 314.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 326.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 196.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+F(remo)144 338.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 213.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 225.6 S 3.106
-(re).15 G(ach)-3.106 E F2(name)3.106 E F0 3.106(,r).18 G(emo)-3.106 E
-.906 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .606(he corresponding v).15 F .607
-(ariable or function.)-.25 F .607(If no options are supplied, or the)
-5.607 F F1<ad76>144 237.6 Q F0 .305(option is gi)2.805 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.305(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.165 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
-2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .304
-(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.304 E F1<ad66>144 249.6 Q F0 .459
-(is speci\214ed, each)2.959 F F2(name)3.319 E F0 .459
-(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.139
-F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.96(d. Each).15 F .903(unset v)144 261.6 R .903
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 355.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 367.2 S 3.107
+(re).15 G(ach)-3.107 E F2(name)3.107 E F0 3.107(,r).18 G(emo)-3.107 E
+.907 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .607(he corresponding v).15 F .607
+(ariable or function.)-.25 F .606(If no options are supplied, or the)
+5.607 F F1<ad76>144 379.2 Q F0 .304(option is gi)2.804 F -.15(ve)-.25 G
+.304(n, each).15 F F2(name)3.164 E F0 .305(refers to a shell v)2.985 F
+2.805(ariable. Read-only)-.25 F -.25(va)2.805 G .305
+(riables may not be unset.).25 F(If)5.305 E F1<ad66>144 391.2 Q F0 .46
+(is speci\214ed, each)2.96 F F2(name)3.32 E F0 .459
+(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is remo)3.14
+F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.959(d. Each).15 F .902(unset v)144 403.2 R .902
(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.402(df).15 G .902
-(rom the en)-3.402 F .902(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F
-(If)5.902 E(an)144 273.6 Q 6.915(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.915 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF(COMP_W)6.915 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)
+(rom the en)-3.402 F .903(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F
+(If)5.903 E(an)144 415.2 Q 6.916(yo)-.15 G(f)-6.916 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0
+SF(COMP_W)6.916 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)
6.665 E F4(,)A F3(SECONDS)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(LINENO)6.665 E F4(,)A F3
-(HISTCMD)6.666 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.666 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144
-285.6 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.523 E F3(DIRST)2.773 E -.495(AC)-.81
+(HISTCMD)6.665 E F4(,)A F3(FUNCN)6.665 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)144
+427.2 Q(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0(or)2.522 E F3(DIRST)2.772 E -.495(AC)-.81
G(K).495 E F0 .272(are unset, the)2.522 F 2.772(yl)-.15 G .272
(ose their special properties, e)-2.772 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.772(ni).15 G
-2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.772(ya)-.15 G .272(re subsequently)
--2.772 F 2.5(reset. The)144 297.6 R -.15(ex)2.5 G
+2.772(ft)-2.772 G(he)-2.772 E 2.773(ya)-.15 G .273(re subsequently)
+-2.773 F 2.5(reset. The)144 439.2 R -.15(ex)2.5 G
(it status is true unless a).15 E F2(name)2.86 E F0(is readonly)2.68 E
-(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 314.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A
--.8(Wa)144 326.4 S .288
+(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8
+(Wa)144 468 S .288
(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
-(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
-(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 338.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722
-(ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E
-F2(n)3.582 E F0(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 350.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265
-(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
-(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266
-(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F2(n)4.126 E F0 .457
-(speci\214es a non-e)144 362.4 R .457
+(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
+(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 480 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
+(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w)
+-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.583 E F0
+(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
+(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
+(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265
+(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456
+(speci\214es a non-e)144 504 R .457
(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457
-(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 374.4 S
+(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 516 S
(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
-/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 391.2 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
-403.2 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 532.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
+544.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(21)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Thu May 20 16:33:07 2010
+%%CreationDate: Tue Jun 1 11:58:36 2010
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2
static int execute_for_command __P((FOR_COM *));
#if defined (SELECT_COMMAND)
+static int displen __P((const char *));
static int print_index_and_element __P((int, int, WORD_LIST *));
static void indent __P((int, int));
static void print_select_list __P((WORD_LIST *, int, int, int));
: ((s < 100000) ? 5 \
: 6)))))
+static int
+displen (s)
+ const char *s;
+{
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ wchar_t *wcstr;
+ size_t wclen, slen;
+
+ wcstr = 0;
+ slen = mbstowcs (wcstr, s, 0);
+ if (slen == -1)
+ slen = 0;
+ wcstr = (wchar_t *)xmalloc (sizeof (wchar_t) * (slen + 1));
+ mbstowcs (wcstr, s, slen + 1);
+ wclen = wcswidth (wcstr, slen);
+ free (wcstr);
+ return ((int)wclen);
+#else
+ return (STRLEN (s));
+#endif
+}
+
static int
print_index_and_element (len, ind, list)
int len, ind;
for (i = ind, l = list; l && --i; l = l->next)
;
fprintf (stderr, "%*d%s%s", len, ind, RP_SPACE, l->word->word);
- return (STRLEN (l->word->word));
+ return (displen (l->word->word));
}
static void
max_elem_len = 0;
for (l = list; l; l = l->next)
{
- len = STRLEN (l->word->word);
+ len = displen (l->word->word);
if (len > max_elem_len)
max_elem_len = len;
}
/* execute_cmd.c -- Execute a COMMAND structure. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
: ((s < 100000) ? 5 \
: 6)))))
+static int
+displen (s)
+ char *s;
+{
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ wchar_t *wcstr;
+ size_t wclen, slen;
+
+ wcstr = 0;
+ slen = mbstowcs (wcstr, s, 0);
+ if (slen == -1)
+ slen = 0;
+ wcstr = (wchar_t *)xmalloc (sizeof (wchar_t) * (slen + 1));
+ mbstowcs (wcstr, s, slen + 1);
+ wclen = wcswidth (wcstr, slen);
+ free (wcstr);
+ return ((int)wclen);
+#else
+ return (STRLEN (s));
+#endif
+}
+
static int
print_index_and_element (len, ind, list)
int len, ind;
for (i = ind, l = list; l && --i; l = l->next)
;
fprintf (stderr, "%*d%s%s", len, ind, RP_SPACE, l->word->word);
- return (STRLEN (l->word->word));
+ return (displen (l->word->word));
}
static void
max_elem_len = 0;
for (l = list; l; l = l->next)
{
- len = STRLEN (l->word->word);
+ len = displen (l->word->word);
if (len > max_elem_len)
max_elem_len = len;
}
eof = _rl_nsearch_callback (_rl_nscxt);
return;
}
+#if defined (VI_MODE)
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION))
+ {
+ eof = _rl_vi_domove_callback (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ /* Should handle everything, including cleanup, numeric arguments,
+ and turning off RL_STATE_VIMOTION */
+ return;
+ }
+#endif
else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG))
{
eof = _rl_arg_callback (_rl_argcxt);
--- /dev/null
+/* callback.c -- functions to use readline as an X `callback' mechanism. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library
+ for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
+
+ Readline is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Readline. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#define READLINE_LIBRARY
+
+#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H)
+# include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "rlconf.h"
+
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
+# include <stdlib.h>
+#else
+# include "ansi_stdlib.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+/* System-specific feature definitions and include files. */
+#include "rldefs.h"
+#include "readline.h"
+#include "rlprivate.h"
+#include "xmalloc.h"
+
+/* Private data for callback registration functions. See comments in
+ rl_callback_read_char for more details. */
+_rl_callback_func_t *_rl_callback_func = 0;
+_rl_callback_generic_arg *_rl_callback_data = 0;
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Callback Readline Functions */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Allow using readline in situations where a program may have multiple
+ things to handle at once, and dispatches them via select(). Call
+ rl_callback_handler_install() with the prompt and a function to call
+ whenever a complete line of input is ready. The user must then
+ call rl_callback_read_char() every time some input is available, and
+ rl_callback_read_char() will call the user's function with the complete
+ text read in at each end of line. The terminal is kept prepped and
+ signals handled all the time, except during calls to the user's function. */
+
+rl_vcpfunc_t *rl_linefunc; /* user callback function */
+static int in_handler; /* terminal_prepped and signals set? */
+
+/* Make sure the terminal is set up, initialize readline, and prompt. */
+static void
+_rl_callback_newline ()
+{
+ rl_initialize ();
+
+ if (in_handler == 0)
+ {
+ in_handler = 1;
+
+ if (rl_prep_term_function)
+ (*rl_prep_term_function) (_rl_meta_flag);
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_SIGNALS)
+ rl_set_signals ();
+#endif
+ }
+
+ readline_internal_setup ();
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
+}
+
+/* Install a readline handler, set up the terminal, and issue the prompt. */
+void
+rl_callback_handler_install (prompt, linefunc)
+ const char *prompt;
+ rl_vcpfunc_t *linefunc;
+{
+ rl_set_prompt (prompt);
+ RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK);
+ rl_linefunc = linefunc;
+ _rl_callback_newline ();
+}
+
+/* Read one character, and dispatch to the handler if it ends the line. */
+void
+rl_callback_read_char ()
+{
+ char *line;
+ int eof, jcode;
+ static procenv_t olevel;
+
+ if (rl_linefunc == NULL)
+ {
+ _rl_errmsg ("readline_callback_read_char() called with no handler!");
+ abort ();
+ }
+
+ memcpy ((void *)olevel, (void *)_rl_top_level, sizeof (procenv_t));
+ jcode = setjmp (_rl_top_level);
+ if (jcode)
+ {
+ (*rl_redisplay_function) ();
+ _rl_want_redisplay = 0;
+ memcpy ((void *)_rl_top_level, (void *)olevel, sizeof (procenv_t));
+ return;
+ }
+
+ do
+ {
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_ISEARCH))
+ {
+ eof = _rl_isearch_callback (_rl_iscxt);
+ if (eof == 0 && (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_ISEARCH) == 0) && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_INPUTPENDING))
+ rl_callback_read_char ();
+
+ return;
+ }
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_NSEARCH))
+ {
+ eof = _rl_nsearch_callback (_rl_nscxt);
+ return;
+ }
+#if defined (VI_MODE)
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION))
+ {
+ eof = _rl_vi_domove_callback (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ /* Should handle everything, including cleanup and turning off
+ RL_STATE_VIMOTION */
+ return;
+ }
+#endif
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG))
+ {
+ eof = _rl_arg_callback (_rl_argcxt);
+ if (eof == 0 && (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG) == 0) && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_INPUTPENDING))
+ rl_callback_read_char ();
+ /* XXX - this should handle _rl_last_command_was_kill better */
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG) == 0)
+ _rl_internal_char_cleanup ();
+
+ return;
+ }
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_MULTIKEY))
+ {
+ eof = _rl_dispatch_callback (_rl_kscxt); /* For now */
+ while ((eof == -1 || eof == -2) && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_MULTIKEY) && _rl_kscxt && (_rl_kscxt->flags & KSEQ_DISPATCHED))
+ eof = _rl_dispatch_callback (_rl_kscxt);
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_MULTIKEY) == 0)
+ {
+ _rl_internal_char_cleanup ();
+ _rl_want_redisplay = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ else if (_rl_callback_func)
+ {
+ /* This allows functions that simply need to read an additional
+ character (like quoted-insert) to register a function to be
+ called when input is available. _rl_callback_data is simply a
+ pointer to a struct that has the argument count originally
+ passed to the registering function and space for any additional
+ parameters. */
+ eof = (*_rl_callback_func) (_rl_callback_data);
+ /* If the function `deregisters' itself, make sure the data is
+ cleaned up. */
+ if (_rl_callback_func == 0)
+ {
+ if (_rl_callback_data)
+ {
+ _rl_callback_data_dispose (_rl_callback_data);
+ _rl_callback_data = 0;
+ }
+ _rl_internal_char_cleanup ();
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ eof = readline_internal_char ();
+
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
+ if (rl_done == 0 && _rl_want_redisplay)
+ {
+ (*rl_redisplay_function) ();
+ _rl_want_redisplay = 0;
+ }
+
+ if (rl_done)
+ {
+ line = readline_internal_teardown (eof);
+
+ if (rl_deprep_term_function)
+ (*rl_deprep_term_function) ();
+#if defined (HANDLE_SIGNALS)
+ rl_clear_signals ();
+#endif
+ in_handler = 0;
+ (*rl_linefunc) (line);
+
+ /* If the user did not clear out the line, do it for him. */
+ if (rl_line_buffer[0])
+ _rl_init_line_state ();
+
+ /* Redisplay the prompt if readline_handler_{install,remove}
+ not called. */
+ if (in_handler == 0 && rl_linefunc)
+ _rl_callback_newline ();
+ }
+ }
+ while (rl_pending_input || _rl_pushed_input_available () || RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_MACROINPUT));
+}
+
+/* Remove the handler, and make sure the terminal is in its normal state. */
+void
+rl_callback_handler_remove ()
+{
+ rl_linefunc = NULL;
+ RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK);
+ RL_CHECK_SIGNALS ();
+ if (in_handler)
+ {
+ in_handler = 0;
+ if (rl_deprep_term_function)
+ (*rl_deprep_term_function) ();
+#if defined (HANDLE_SIGNALS)
+ rl_clear_signals ();
+#endif
+ }
+}
+
+_rl_callback_generic_arg *
+_rl_callback_data_alloc (count)
+ int count;
+{
+ _rl_callback_generic_arg *arg;
+
+ arg = (_rl_callback_generic_arg *)xmalloc (sizeof (_rl_callback_generic_arg));
+ arg->count = count;
+
+ arg->i1 = arg->i2 = 0;
+
+ return arg;
+}
+
+void _rl_callback_data_dispose (arg)
+ _rl_callback_generic_arg *arg;
+{
+ xfree (arg);
+}
+
+#endif
/* Possible state values for rl_readline_state */
#define RL_STATE_NONE 0x000000 /* no state; before first call */
-#define RL_STATE_INITIALIZING 0x000001 /* initializing */
-#define RL_STATE_INITIALIZED 0x000002 /* initialization done */
-#define RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED 0x000004 /* terminal is prepped */
-#define RL_STATE_READCMD 0x000008 /* reading a command key */
-#define RL_STATE_METANEXT 0x000010 /* reading input after ESC */
-#define RL_STATE_DISPATCHING 0x000020 /* dispatching to a command */
-#define RL_STATE_MOREINPUT 0x000040 /* reading more input in a command function */
-#define RL_STATE_ISEARCH 0x000080 /* doing incremental search */
-#define RL_STATE_NSEARCH 0x000100 /* doing non-inc search */
-#define RL_STATE_SEARCH 0x000200 /* doing a history search */
-#define RL_STATE_NUMERICARG 0x000400 /* reading numeric argument */
-#define RL_STATE_MACROINPUT 0x000800 /* getting input from a macro */
-#define RL_STATE_MACRODEF 0x001000 /* defining keyboard macro */
-#define RL_STATE_OVERWRITE 0x002000 /* overwrite mode */
-#define RL_STATE_COMPLETING 0x004000 /* doing completion */
-#define RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER 0x008000 /* in readline sighandler */
-#define RL_STATE_UNDOING 0x010000 /* doing an undo */
-#define RL_STATE_INPUTPENDING 0x020000 /* rl_execute_next called */
-#define RL_STATE_TTYCSAVED 0x040000 /* tty special chars saved */
-#define RL_STATE_CALLBACK 0x080000 /* using the callback interface */
-#define RL_STATE_VIMOTION 0x100000 /* reading vi motion arg */
-#define RL_STATE_MULTIKEY 0x200000 /* reading multiple-key command */
-#define RL_STATE_VICMDONCE 0x400000 /* entered vi command mode at least once */
-#define RL_STATE_REDISPLAYING 0x800000 /* updating terminal display */
+#define RL_STATE_INITIALIZING 0x0000001 /* initializing */
+#define RL_STATE_INITIALIZED 0x0000002 /* initialization done */
+#define RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED 0x0000004 /* terminal is prepped */
+#define RL_STATE_READCMD 0x0000008 /* reading a command key */
+#define RL_STATE_METANEXT 0x0000010 /* reading input after ESC */
+#define RL_STATE_DISPATCHING 0x0000020 /* dispatching to a command */
+#define RL_STATE_MOREINPUT 0x0000040 /* reading more input in a command function */
+#define RL_STATE_ISEARCH 0x0000080 /* doing incremental search */
+#define RL_STATE_NSEARCH 0x0000100 /* doing non-inc search */
+#define RL_STATE_SEARCH 0x0000200 /* doing a history search */
+#define RL_STATE_NUMERICARG 0x0000400 /* reading numeric argument */
+#define RL_STATE_MACROINPUT 0x0000800 /* getting input from a macro */
+#define RL_STATE_MACRODEF 0x0001000 /* defining keyboard macro */
+#define RL_STATE_OVERWRITE 0x0002000 /* overwrite mode */
+#define RL_STATE_COMPLETING 0x0004000 /* doing completion */
+#define RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER 0x0008000 /* in readline sighandler */
+#define RL_STATE_UNDOING 0x0010000 /* doing an undo */
+#define RL_STATE_INPUTPENDING 0x0020000 /* rl_execute_next called */
+#define RL_STATE_TTYCSAVED 0x0040000 /* tty special chars saved */
+#define RL_STATE_CALLBACK 0x0080000 /* using the callback interface */
+#define RL_STATE_VIMOTION 0x0100000 /* reading vi motion arg */
+#define RL_STATE_MULTIKEY 0x0200000 /* reading multiple-key command */
+#define RL_STATE_VICMDONCE 0x0400000 /* entered vi command mode at least once */
+#define RL_STATE_REDISPLAYING 0x0800000 /* updating terminal display */
#define RL_STATE_DONE 0x1000000 /* done; accepted line */
--- /dev/null
+/* Readline.h -- the names of functions callable from within readline. */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library
+ for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
+
+ Readline is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Readline. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#if !defined (_READLINE_H_)
+#define _READLINE_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#if defined (READLINE_LIBRARY)
+# include "rlstdc.h"
+# include "rltypedefs.h"
+# include "keymaps.h"
+# include "tilde.h"
+#else
+# include <readline/rlstdc.h>
+# include <readline/rltypedefs.h>
+# include <readline/keymaps.h>
+# include <readline/tilde.h>
+#endif
+
+/* Hex-encoded Readline version number. */
+#define RL_READLINE_VERSION 0x0600 /* Readline 6.0 */
+#define RL_VERSION_MAJOR 6
+#define RL_VERSION_MINOR 0
+
+/* Readline data structures. */
+
+/* Maintaining the state of undo. We remember individual deletes and inserts
+ on a chain of things to do. */
+
+/* The actions that undo knows how to undo. Notice that UNDO_DELETE means
+ to insert some text, and UNDO_INSERT means to delete some text. I.e.,
+ the code tells undo what to undo, not how to undo it. */
+enum undo_code { UNDO_DELETE, UNDO_INSERT, UNDO_BEGIN, UNDO_END };
+
+/* What an element of THE_UNDO_LIST looks like. */
+typedef struct undo_list {
+ struct undo_list *next;
+ int start, end; /* Where the change took place. */
+ char *text; /* The text to insert, if undoing a delete. */
+ enum undo_code what; /* Delete, Insert, Begin, End. */
+} UNDO_LIST;
+
+/* The current undo list for RL_LINE_BUFFER. */
+extern UNDO_LIST *rl_undo_list;
+
+/* The data structure for mapping textual names to code addresses. */
+typedef struct _funmap {
+ const char *name;
+ rl_command_func_t *function;
+} FUNMAP;
+
+extern FUNMAP **funmap;
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Functions available to bind to key sequences */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Bindable commands for numeric arguments. */
+extern int rl_digit_argument PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_universal_argument PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable commands for moving the cursor. */
+extern int rl_forward_byte PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_forward_char PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_forward PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_backward_byte PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_backward_char PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_backward PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_beg_of_line PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_end_of_line PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_forward_word PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_backward_word PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_refresh_line PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_clear_screen PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_skip_csi_sequence PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_arrow_keys PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable commands for inserting and deleting text. */
+extern int rl_insert PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_quoted_insert PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_tab_insert PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_newline PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_do_lowercase_version PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_rubout PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_delete PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_rubout_or_delete PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_delete_horizontal_space PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_delete_or_show_completions PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_insert_comment PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable commands for changing case. */
+extern int rl_upcase_word PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_downcase_word PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_capitalize_word PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable commands for transposing characters and words. */
+extern int rl_transpose_words PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_transpose_chars PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable commands for searching within a line. */
+extern int rl_char_search PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_backward_char_search PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable commands for readline's interface to the command history. */
+extern int rl_beginning_of_history PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_end_of_history PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_get_next_history PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_get_previous_history PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable commands for managing the mark and region. */
+extern int rl_set_mark PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_exchange_point_and_mark PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable commands to set the editing mode (emacs or vi). */
+extern int rl_vi_editing_mode PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_emacs_editing_mode PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable commands to change the insert mode (insert or overwrite) */
+extern int rl_overwrite_mode PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable commands for managing key bindings. */
+extern int rl_re_read_init_file PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_dump_functions PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_dump_macros PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_dump_variables PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable commands for word completion. */
+extern int rl_complete PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_possible_completions PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_insert_completions PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_old_menu_complete PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_menu_complete PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_backward_menu_complete PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable commands for killing and yanking text, and managing the kill ring. */
+extern int rl_kill_word PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_backward_kill_word PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_kill_line PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_backward_kill_line PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_kill_full_line PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_unix_word_rubout PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_unix_filename_rubout PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_unix_line_discard PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_copy_region_to_kill PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_kill_region PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_copy_forward_word PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_copy_backward_word PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_yank PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_yank_pop PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_yank_nth_arg PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_yank_last_arg PARAMS((int, int));
+/* Not available unless __CYGWIN__ is defined. */
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+extern int rl_paste_from_clipboard PARAMS((int, int));
+#endif
+
+/* Bindable commands for incremental searching. */
+extern int rl_reverse_search_history PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_forward_search_history PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable keyboard macro commands. */
+extern int rl_start_kbd_macro PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_end_kbd_macro PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_call_last_kbd_macro PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable undo commands. */
+extern int rl_revert_line PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_undo_command PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable tilde expansion commands. */
+extern int rl_tilde_expand PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable terminal control commands. */
+extern int rl_restart_output PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_stop_output PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Miscellaneous bindable commands. */
+extern int rl_abort PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_tty_status PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable commands for incremental and non-incremental history searching. */
+extern int rl_history_search_forward PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_history_search_backward PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_noninc_forward_search PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_noninc_reverse_search PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_noninc_forward_search_again PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_noninc_reverse_search_again PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Bindable command used when inserting a matching close character. */
+extern int rl_insert_close PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Not available unless READLINE_CALLBACKS is defined. */
+extern void rl_callback_handler_install PARAMS((const char *, rl_vcpfunc_t *));
+extern void rl_callback_read_char PARAMS((void));
+extern void rl_callback_handler_remove PARAMS((void));
+
+/* Things for vi mode. Not available unless readline is compiled -DVI_MODE. */
+/* VI-mode bindable commands. */
+extern int rl_vi_redo PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_undo PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_yank_arg PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_fetch_history PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_search_again PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_search PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_complete PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_tilde_expand PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_prev_word PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_next_word PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_end_word PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_insert_beg PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_append_mode PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_append_eol PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_eof_maybe PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_insertion_mode PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_insert_mode PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_movement_mode PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_arg_digit PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_change_case PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_put PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_column PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_delete_to PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_change_to PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_yank_to PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_rubout PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_delete PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_back_to_indent PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_first_print PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_char_search PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_match PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_change_char PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_subst PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_overstrike PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_overstrike_delete PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_replace PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_set_mark PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_goto_mark PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* VI-mode utility functions. */
+extern int rl_vi_check PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_vi_domove PARAMS((int, int *));
+extern int rl_vi_bracktype PARAMS((int));
+
+extern void rl_vi_start_inserting PARAMS((int, int, int));
+
+/* VI-mode pseudo-bindable commands, used as utility functions. */
+extern int rl_vi_fWord PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_bWord PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_eWord PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_fword PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_bword PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_vi_eword PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Well Published Functions */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* Readline functions. */
+/* Read a line of input. Prompt with PROMPT. A NULL PROMPT means none. */
+extern char *readline PARAMS((const char *));
+
+extern int rl_set_prompt PARAMS((const char *));
+extern int rl_expand_prompt PARAMS((char *));
+
+extern int rl_initialize PARAMS((void));
+
+/* Undocumented; unused by readline */
+extern int rl_discard_argument PARAMS((void));
+
+/* Utility functions to bind keys to readline commands. */
+extern int rl_add_defun PARAMS((const char *, rl_command_func_t *, int));
+extern int rl_bind_key PARAMS((int, rl_command_func_t *));
+extern int rl_bind_key_in_map PARAMS((int, rl_command_func_t *, Keymap));
+extern int rl_unbind_key PARAMS((int));
+extern int rl_unbind_key_in_map PARAMS((int, Keymap));
+extern int rl_bind_key_if_unbound PARAMS((int, rl_command_func_t *));
+extern int rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map PARAMS((int, rl_command_func_t *, Keymap));
+extern int rl_unbind_function_in_map PARAMS((rl_command_func_t *, Keymap));
+extern int rl_unbind_command_in_map PARAMS((const char *, Keymap));
+extern int rl_bind_keyseq PARAMS((const char *, rl_command_func_t *));
+extern int rl_bind_keyseq_in_map PARAMS((const char *, rl_command_func_t *, Keymap));
+extern int rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound PARAMS((const char *, rl_command_func_t *));
+extern int rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map PARAMS((const char *, rl_command_func_t *, Keymap));
+extern int rl_generic_bind PARAMS((int, const char *, char *, Keymap));
+
+extern char *rl_variable_value PARAMS((const char *));
+extern int rl_variable_bind PARAMS((const char *, const char *));
+
+/* Backwards compatibility, use rl_bind_keyseq_in_map instead. */
+extern int rl_set_key PARAMS((const char *, rl_command_func_t *, Keymap));
+
+/* Backwards compatibility, use rl_generic_bind instead. */
+extern int rl_macro_bind PARAMS((const char *, const char *, Keymap));
+
+/* Undocumented in the texinfo manual; not really useful to programs. */
+extern int rl_translate_keyseq PARAMS((const char *, char *, int *));
+extern char *rl_untranslate_keyseq PARAMS((int));
+
+extern rl_command_func_t *rl_named_function PARAMS((const char *));
+extern rl_command_func_t *rl_function_of_keyseq PARAMS((const char *, Keymap, int *));
+
+extern void rl_list_funmap_names PARAMS((void));
+extern char **rl_invoking_keyseqs_in_map PARAMS((rl_command_func_t *, Keymap));
+extern char **rl_invoking_keyseqs PARAMS((rl_command_func_t *));
+
+extern void rl_function_dumper PARAMS((int));
+extern void rl_macro_dumper PARAMS((int));
+extern void rl_variable_dumper PARAMS((int));
+
+extern int rl_read_init_file PARAMS((const char *));
+extern int rl_parse_and_bind PARAMS((char *));
+
+/* Functions for manipulating keymaps. */
+extern Keymap rl_make_bare_keymap PARAMS((void));
+extern Keymap rl_copy_keymap PARAMS((Keymap));
+extern Keymap rl_make_keymap PARAMS((void));
+extern void rl_discard_keymap PARAMS((Keymap));
+
+extern Keymap rl_get_keymap_by_name PARAMS((const char *));
+extern char *rl_get_keymap_name PARAMS((Keymap));
+extern void rl_set_keymap PARAMS((Keymap));
+extern Keymap rl_get_keymap PARAMS((void));
+/* Undocumented; used internally only. */
+extern void rl_set_keymap_from_edit_mode PARAMS((void));
+extern char *rl_get_keymap_name_from_edit_mode PARAMS((void));
+
+/* Functions for manipulating the funmap, which maps command names to functions. */
+extern int rl_add_funmap_entry PARAMS((const char *, rl_command_func_t *));
+extern const char **rl_funmap_names PARAMS((void));
+/* Undocumented, only used internally -- there is only one funmap, and this
+ function may be called only once. */
+extern void rl_initialize_funmap PARAMS((void));
+
+/* Utility functions for managing keyboard macros. */
+extern void rl_push_macro_input PARAMS((char *));
+
+/* Functions for undoing, from undo.c */
+extern void rl_add_undo PARAMS((enum undo_code, int, int, char *));
+extern void rl_free_undo_list PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_do_undo PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_begin_undo_group PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_end_undo_group PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_modifying PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Functions for redisplay. */
+extern void rl_redisplay PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_on_new_line PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_on_new_line_with_prompt PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_forced_update_display PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_clear_message PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_reset_line_state PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_crlf PARAMS((void));
+
+#if defined (USE_VARARGS) && defined (PREFER_STDARG)
+extern int rl_message (const char *, ...) __attribute__((__format__ (printf, 1, 2)));
+#else
+extern int rl_message ();
+#endif
+
+extern int rl_show_char PARAMS((int));
+
+/* Undocumented in texinfo manual. */
+extern int rl_character_len PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Save and restore internal prompt redisplay information. */
+extern void rl_save_prompt PARAMS((void));
+extern void rl_restore_prompt PARAMS((void));
+
+/* Modifying text. */
+extern void rl_replace_line PARAMS((const char *, int));
+extern int rl_insert_text PARAMS((const char *));
+extern int rl_delete_text PARAMS((int, int));
+extern int rl_kill_text PARAMS((int, int));
+extern char *rl_copy_text PARAMS((int, int));
+
+/* Terminal and tty mode management. */
+extern void rl_prep_terminal PARAMS((int));
+extern void rl_deprep_terminal PARAMS((void));
+extern void rl_tty_set_default_bindings PARAMS((Keymap));
+extern void rl_tty_unset_default_bindings PARAMS((Keymap));
+
+extern int rl_reset_terminal PARAMS((const char *));
+extern void rl_resize_terminal PARAMS((void));
+extern void rl_set_screen_size PARAMS((int, int));
+extern void rl_get_screen_size PARAMS((int *, int *));
+extern void rl_reset_screen_size PARAMS((void));
+
+extern char *rl_get_termcap PARAMS((const char *));
+
+/* Functions for character input. */
+extern int rl_stuff_char PARAMS((int));
+extern int rl_execute_next PARAMS((int));
+extern int rl_clear_pending_input PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_read_key PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_getc PARAMS((FILE *));
+extern int rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout PARAMS((int));
+
+/* `Public' utility functions . */
+extern void rl_extend_line_buffer PARAMS((int));
+extern int rl_ding PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_alphabetic PARAMS((int));
+extern void rl_free PARAMS((void *));
+
+/* Readline signal handling, from signals.c */
+extern int rl_set_signals PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_clear_signals PARAMS((void));
+extern void rl_cleanup_after_signal PARAMS((void));
+extern void rl_reset_after_signal PARAMS((void));
+extern void rl_free_line_state PARAMS((void));
+
+extern void rl_echo_signal_char PARAMS((int));
+
+extern int rl_set_paren_blink_timeout PARAMS((int));
+
+/* Undocumented. */
+extern int rl_maybe_save_line PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_maybe_unsave_line PARAMS((void));
+extern int rl_maybe_replace_line PARAMS((void));
+
+/* Completion functions. */
+extern int rl_complete_internal PARAMS((int));
+extern void rl_display_match_list PARAMS((char **, int, int));
+
+extern char **rl_completion_matches PARAMS((const char *, rl_compentry_func_t *));
+extern char *rl_username_completion_function PARAMS((const char *, int));
+extern char *rl_filename_completion_function PARAMS((const char *, int));
+
+extern int rl_completion_mode PARAMS((rl_command_func_t *));
+
+#if 0
+/* Backwards compatibility (compat.c). These will go away sometime. */
+extern void free_undo_list PARAMS((void));
+extern int maybe_save_line PARAMS((void));
+extern int maybe_unsave_line PARAMS((void));
+extern int maybe_replace_line PARAMS((void));
+
+extern int ding PARAMS((void));
+extern int alphabetic PARAMS((int));
+extern int crlf PARAMS((void));
+
+extern char **completion_matches PARAMS((char *, rl_compentry_func_t *));
+extern char *username_completion_function PARAMS((const char *, int));
+extern char *filename_completion_function PARAMS((const char *, int));
+#endif
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* Well Published Variables */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+
+/* The version of this incarnation of the readline library. */
+extern const char *rl_library_version; /* e.g., "4.2" */
+extern int rl_readline_version; /* e.g., 0x0402 */
+
+/* True if this is real GNU readline. */
+extern int rl_gnu_readline_p;
+
+/* Flags word encapsulating the current readline state. */
+extern int rl_readline_state;
+
+/* Says which editing mode readline is currently using. 1 means emacs mode;
+ 0 means vi mode. */
+extern int rl_editing_mode;
+
+/* Insert or overwrite mode for emacs mode. 1 means insert mode; 0 means
+ overwrite mode. Reset to insert mode on each input line. */
+extern int rl_insert_mode;
+
+/* The name of the calling program. You should initialize this to
+ whatever was in argv[0]. It is used when parsing conditionals. */
+extern const char *rl_readline_name;
+
+/* The prompt readline uses. This is set from the argument to
+ readline (), and should not be assigned to directly. */
+extern char *rl_prompt;
+
+/* The prompt string that is actually displayed by rl_redisplay. Public so
+ applications can more easily supply their own redisplay functions. */
+extern char *rl_display_prompt;
+
+/* The line buffer that is in use. */
+extern char *rl_line_buffer;
+
+/* The location of point, and end. */
+extern int rl_point;
+extern int rl_end;
+
+/* The mark, or saved cursor position. */
+extern int rl_mark;
+
+/* Flag to indicate that readline has finished with the current input
+ line and should return it. */
+extern int rl_done;
+
+/* If set to a character value, that will be the next keystroke read. */
+extern int rl_pending_input;
+
+/* Non-zero if we called this function from _rl_dispatch(). It's present
+ so functions can find out whether they were called from a key binding
+ or directly from an application. */
+extern int rl_dispatching;
+
+/* Non-zero if the user typed a numeric argument before executing the
+ current function. */
+extern int rl_explicit_arg;
+
+/* The current value of the numeric argument specified by the user. */
+extern int rl_numeric_arg;
+
+/* The address of the last command function Readline executed. */
+extern rl_command_func_t *rl_last_func;
+
+/* The name of the terminal to use. */
+extern const char *rl_terminal_name;
+
+/* The input and output streams. */
+extern FILE *rl_instream;
+extern FILE *rl_outstream;
+
+/* If non-zero, Readline gives values of LINES and COLUMNS from the environment
+ greater precedence than values fetched from the kernel when computing the
+ screen dimensions. */
+extern int rl_prefer_env_winsize;
+
+/* If non-zero, then this is the address of a function to call just
+ before readline_internal () prints the first prompt. */
+extern rl_hook_func_t *rl_startup_hook;
+
+/* If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call just before
+ readline_internal_setup () returns and readline_internal starts
+ reading input characters. */
+extern rl_hook_func_t *rl_pre_input_hook;
+
+/* The address of a function to call periodically while Readline is
+ awaiting character input, or NULL, for no event handling. */
+extern rl_hook_func_t *rl_event_hook;
+
+/* The address of the function to call to fetch a character from the current
+ Readline input stream */
+extern rl_getc_func_t *rl_getc_function;
+
+extern rl_voidfunc_t *rl_redisplay_function;
+
+extern rl_vintfunc_t *rl_prep_term_function;
+extern rl_voidfunc_t *rl_deprep_term_function;
+
+/* Dispatch variables. */
+extern Keymap rl_executing_keymap;
+extern Keymap rl_binding_keymap;
+
+/* Display variables. */
+/* If non-zero, readline will erase the entire line, including any prompt,
+ if the only thing typed on an otherwise-blank line is something bound to
+ rl_newline. */
+extern int rl_erase_empty_line;
+
+/* If non-zero, the application has already printed the prompt (rl_prompt)
+ before calling readline, so readline should not output it the first time
+ redisplay is done. */
+extern int rl_already_prompted;
+
+/* A non-zero value means to read only this many characters rather than
+ up to a character bound to accept-line. */
+extern int rl_num_chars_to_read;
+
+/* The text of a currently-executing keyboard macro. */
+extern char *rl_executing_macro;
+
+/* Variables to control readline signal handling. */
+/* If non-zero, readline will install its own signal handlers for
+ SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP, SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU. */
+extern int rl_catch_signals;
+
+/* If non-zero, readline will install a signal handler for SIGWINCH
+ that also attempts to call any calling application's SIGWINCH signal
+ handler. Note that the terminal is not cleaned up before the
+ application's signal handler is called; use rl_cleanup_after_signal()
+ to do that. */
+extern int rl_catch_sigwinch;
+
+/* Completion variables. */
+/* Pointer to the generator function for completion_matches ().
+ NULL means to use rl_filename_completion_function (), the default
+ filename completer. */
+extern rl_compentry_func_t *rl_completion_entry_function;
+
+/* Optional generator for menu completion. Default is
+ rl_completion_entry_function (rl_filename_completion_function). */
+ extern rl_compentry_func_t *rl_menu_completion_entry_function;
+
+/* If rl_ignore_some_completions_function is non-NULL it is the address
+ of a function to call after all of the possible matches have been
+ generated, but before the actual completion is done to the input line.
+ The function is called with one argument; a NULL terminated array
+ of (char *). If your function removes any of the elements, they
+ must be free()'ed. */
+extern rl_compignore_func_t *rl_ignore_some_completions_function;
+
+/* Pointer to alternative function to create matches.
+ Function is called with TEXT, START, and END.
+ START and END are indices in RL_LINE_BUFFER saying what the boundaries
+ of TEXT are.
+ If this function exists and returns NULL then call the value of
+ rl_completion_entry_function to try to match, otherwise use the
+ array of strings returned. */
+extern rl_completion_func_t *rl_attempted_completion_function;
+
+/* The basic list of characters that signal a break between words for the
+ completer routine. The initial contents of this variable is what
+ breaks words in the shell, i.e. "n\"\\'`@$>". */
+extern const char *rl_basic_word_break_characters;
+
+/* The list of characters that signal a break between words for
+ rl_complete_internal. The default list is the contents of
+ rl_basic_word_break_characters. */
+extern /*const*/ char *rl_completer_word_break_characters;
+
+/* Hook function to allow an application to set the completion word
+ break characters before readline breaks up the line. Allows
+ position-dependent word break characters. */
+extern rl_cpvfunc_t *rl_completion_word_break_hook;
+
+/* List of characters which can be used to quote a substring of the line.
+ Completion occurs on the entire substring, and within the substring
+ rl_completer_word_break_characters are treated as any other character,
+ unless they also appear within this list. */
+extern const char *rl_completer_quote_characters;
+
+/* List of quote characters which cause a word break. */
+extern const char *rl_basic_quote_characters;
+
+/* List of characters that need to be quoted in filenames by the completer. */
+extern const char *rl_filename_quote_characters;
+
+/* List of characters that are word break characters, but should be left
+ in TEXT when it is passed to the completion function. The shell uses
+ this to help determine what kind of completing to do. */
+extern const char *rl_special_prefixes;
+
+/* If non-zero, then this is the address of a function to call when
+ completing on a directory name. The function is called with
+ the address of a string (the current directory name) as an arg. It
+ changes what is displayed when the possible completions are printed
+ or inserted. */
+extern rl_icppfunc_t *rl_directory_completion_hook;
+
+/* If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call when completing
+ a directory name. This function takes the address of the directory name
+ to be modified as an argument. Unlike rl_directory_completion_hook, it
+ only modifies the directory name used in opendir(2), not what is displayed
+ when the possible completions are printed or inserted. It is called
+ before rl_directory_completion_hook. I'm not happy with how this works
+ yet, so it's undocumented. */
+extern rl_icppfunc_t *rl_directory_rewrite_hook;
+
+/* If non-zero, this is the address of a function to call when reading
+ directory entries from the filesystem for completion and comparing
+ them to the partial word to be completed. The function should
+ either return its first argument (if no conversion takes place) or
+ newly-allocated memory. This can, for instance, convert filenames
+ between character sets for comparison against what's typed at the
+ keyboard. The returned value is what is added to the list of
+ matches. The second argument is the length of the filename to be
+ converted. */
+extern rl_dequote_func_t *rl_filename_rewrite_hook;
+
+/* Backwards compatibility with previous versions of readline. */
+#define rl_symbolic_link_hook rl_directory_completion_hook
+
+/* If non-zero, then this is the address of a function to call when
+ completing a word would normally display the list of possible matches.
+ This function is called instead of actually doing the display.
+ It takes three arguments: (char **matches, int num_matches, int max_length)
+ where MATCHES is the array of strings that matched, NUM_MATCHES is the
+ number of strings in that array, and MAX_LENGTH is the length of the
+ longest string in that array. */
+extern rl_compdisp_func_t *rl_completion_display_matches_hook;
+
+/* Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be treated
+ as filenames. This is ALWAYS zero on entry, and can only be changed
+ within a completion entry finder function. */
+extern int rl_filename_completion_desired;
+
+/* Non-zero means that the results of the matches are to be quoted using
+ double quotes (or an application-specific quoting mechanism) if the
+ filename contains any characters in rl_word_break_chars. This is
+ ALWAYS non-zero on entry, and can only be changed within a completion
+ entry finder function. */
+extern int rl_filename_quoting_desired;
+
+/* Set to a function to quote a filename in an application-specific fashion.
+ Called with the text to quote, the type of match found (single or multiple)
+ and a pointer to the quoting character to be used, which the function can
+ reset if desired. */
+extern rl_quote_func_t *rl_filename_quoting_function;
+
+/* Function to call to remove quoting characters from a filename. Called
+ before completion is attempted, so the embedded quotes do not interfere
+ with matching names in the file system. */
+extern rl_dequote_func_t *rl_filename_dequoting_function;
+
+/* Function to call to decide whether or not a word break character is
+ quoted. If a character is quoted, it does not break words for the
+ completer. */
+extern rl_linebuf_func_t *rl_char_is_quoted_p;
+
+/* Non-zero means to suppress normal filename completion after the
+ user-specified completion function has been called. */
+extern int rl_attempted_completion_over;
+
+/* Set to a character describing the type of completion being attempted by
+ rl_complete_internal; available for use by application completion
+ functions. */
+extern int rl_completion_type;
+
+/* Set to the last key used to invoke one of the completion functions */
+extern int rl_completion_invoking_key;
+
+/* Up to this many items will be displayed in response to a
+ possible-completions call. After that, we ask the user if she
+ is sure she wants to see them all. The default value is 100. */
+extern int rl_completion_query_items;
+
+/* Character appended to completed words when at the end of the line. The
+ default is a space. Nothing is added if this is '\0'. */
+extern int rl_completion_append_character;
+
+/* If set to non-zero by an application completion function,
+ rl_completion_append_character will not be appended. */
+extern int rl_completion_suppress_append;
+
+/* Set to any quote character readline thinks it finds before any application
+ completion function is called. */
+extern int rl_completion_quote_character;
+
+/* Set to a non-zero value if readline found quoting anywhere in the word to
+ be completed; set before any application completion function is called. */
+extern int rl_completion_found_quote;
+
+/* If non-zero, the completion functions don't append any closing quote.
+ This is set to 0 by rl_complete_internal and may be changed by an
+ application-specific completion function. */
+extern int rl_completion_suppress_quote;
+
+/* If non-zero, readline will sort the completion matches. On by default. */
+extern int rl_sort_completion_matches;
+
+/* If non-zero, a slash will be appended to completed filenames that are
+ symbolic links to directory names, subject to the value of the
+ mark-directories variable (which is user-settable). This exists so
+ that application completion functions can override the user's preference
+ (set via the mark-symlinked-directories variable) if appropriate.
+ It's set to the value of _rl_complete_mark_symlink_dirs in
+ rl_complete_internal before any application-specific completion
+ function is called, so without that function doing anything, the user's
+ preferences are honored. */
+extern int rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs;
+
+/* If non-zero, then disallow duplicates in the matches. */
+extern int rl_ignore_completion_duplicates;
+
+/* If this is non-zero, completion is (temporarily) inhibited, and the
+ completion character will be inserted as any other. */
+extern int rl_inhibit_completion;
+
+/* Input error; can be returned by (*rl_getc_function) if readline is reading
+ a top-level command (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_READCMD)). */
+#define READERR (-2)
+
+/* Definitions available for use by readline clients. */
+#define RL_PROMPT_START_IGNORE '\001'
+#define RL_PROMPT_END_IGNORE '\002'
+
+/* Possible values for do_replace argument to rl_filename_quoting_function,
+ called by rl_complete_internal. */
+#define NO_MATCH 0
+#define SINGLE_MATCH 1
+#define MULT_MATCH 2
+
+/* Possible state values for rl_readline_state */
+#define RL_STATE_NONE 0x000000 /* no state; before first call */
+
+#define RL_STATE_INITIALIZING 0x0000001 /* initializing */
+#define RL_STATE_INITIALIZED 0x0000002 /* initialization done */
+#define RL_STATE_TERMPREPPED 0x0000004 /* terminal is prepped */
+#define RL_STATE_READCMD 0x0000008 /* reading a command key */
+#define RL_STATE_METANEXT 0x0000010 /* reading input after ESC */
+#define RL_STATE_DISPATCHING 0x0000020 /* dispatching to a command */
+#define RL_STATE_MOREINPUT 0x0000040 /* reading more input in a command function */
+#define RL_STATE_ISEARCH 0x0000080 /* doing incremental search */
+#define RL_STATE_NSEARCH 0x0000100 /* doing non-inc search */
+#define RL_STATE_SEARCH 0x0000200 /* doing a history search */
+#define RL_STATE_NUMERICARG 0x0000400 /* reading numeric argument */
+#define RL_STATE_MACROINPUT 0x0000800 /* getting input from a macro */
+#define RL_STATE_MACRODEF 0x0001000 /* defining keyboard macro */
+#define RL_STATE_OVERWRITE 0x0002000 /* overwrite mode */
+#define RL_STATE_COMPLETING 0x0004000 /* doing completion */
+#define RL_STATE_SIGHANDLER 0x0008000 /* in readline sighandler */
+#define RL_STATE_UNDOING 0x0010000 /* doing an undo */
+#define RL_STATE_INPUTPENDING 0x0020000 /* rl_execute_next called */
+#define RL_STATE_TTYCSAVED 0x0040000 /* tty special chars saved */
+#define RL_STATE_CALLBACK 0x0080000 /* using the callback interface */
+#define RL_STATE_VIMOTION 0x0100000 /* reading vi motion arg */
+#define RL_STATE_MULTIKEY 0x0200000 /* reading multiple-key command */
+#define RL_STATE_VICMDONCE 0x0400000 /* entered vi command mode at least once */
+#define RL_STATE_REDISPLAYING 0x0800000 /* updating terminal display */
+#define RL_STATE_VIMOVECHAR 0x1000000 /* vi motion compound command motion char*/
+#define RL_STATE_VIMOVEDIGIT 0x2000000 /* vi motion command numeric arg */
+
+#define RL_STATE_DONE 0x10000000 /* done; accepted line */
+
+#define RL_SETSTATE(x) (rl_readline_state |= (x))
+#define RL_UNSETSTATE(x) (rl_readline_state &= ~(x))
+#define RL_ISSTATE(x) (rl_readline_state & (x))
+
+struct readline_state {
+ /* line state */
+ int point;
+ int end;
+ int mark;
+ char *buffer;
+ int buflen;
+ UNDO_LIST *ul;
+ char *prompt;
+
+ /* global state */
+ int rlstate;
+ int done;
+ Keymap kmap;
+
+ /* input state */
+ rl_command_func_t *lastfunc;
+ int insmode;
+ int edmode;
+ int kseqlen;
+ FILE *inf;
+ FILE *outf;
+ int pendingin;
+ char *macro;
+
+ /* signal state */
+ int catchsigs;
+ int catchsigwinch;
+
+ /* search state */
+
+ /* completion state */
+
+ /* options state */
+
+ /* reserved for future expansion, so the struct size doesn't change */
+ char reserved[64];
+};
+
+extern int rl_save_state PARAMS((struct readline_state *));
+extern int rl_restore_state PARAMS((struct readline_state *));
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _READLINE_H_ */
extern void _rl_vi_set_last PARAMS((int, int, int));
extern int _rl_vi_textmod_command PARAMS((int));
extern void _rl_vi_done_inserting PARAMS((void));
+extern int _rl_vi_domove_callback PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
/*************************************************************************
* Undocumented private variables *
/* vi_mode.c */
extern int _rl_vi_last_command;
+extern _rl_vimotion_cxt *_rl_vimvcxt;
#endif /* _RL_PRIVATE_H_ */
#define VIM_CHANGE 0x02
#define VIM_YANK 0x04
+/* various states for vi-mode commands that use motion commands. reflects
+ RL_READLINE_STATE */
+#define VMSTATE_READ 0x01
+#define VMSTATE_NUMARG 0x02
+
typedef struct __rl_vimotion_context
{
int op;
extern void _rl_vi_set_last PARAMS((int, int, int));
extern int _rl_vi_textmod_command PARAMS((int));
extern void _rl_vi_done_inserting PARAMS((void));
+extern int _rl_vi_domove_callback PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
/*************************************************************************
* Undocumented private variables *
/* vi_mode.c */
extern int _rl_vi_last_command;
+extern _rl_vimotion_cxt *_rl_vimv_cxt;
#endif /* _RL_PRIVATE_H_ */
static int _rl_vi_callback_char_search PARAMS((_rl_callback_generic_arg *));
#endif
+static int rl_domove_read_callback PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
+static int rl_domove_motion_callback PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
+static int rl_vi_domove_getchar PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
+
static int vi_change_dispatch PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
static int vi_delete_dispatch PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
static int vi_yank_dispatch PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
return (0);
}
-int
-rl_vi_domove (key, nextkey)
- int key, *nextkey;
+/* Process C as part of the current numeric argument. Return -1 if the
+ argument should be aborted, 0 if we should not read any more chars, and
+ 1 if we should continue to read chars. */
+static int
+_rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c)
+ int c;
{
- int c, save;
- int old_end;
-
- rl_mark = rl_point;
- RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
- c = rl_read_key ();
- RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+ int key;
- if (c < 0)
+ key = c;
+ if (c >= 0 && _rl_keymap[c].type == ISFUNC && _rl_keymap[c].function == rl_universal_argument)
{
- *nextkey = 0;
- return -1;
+ rl_numeric_arg *= 4;
+ return 1;
}
- *nextkey = c;
+ c = UNMETA (c);
- if (!member (c, vi_motion))
+ if (_rl_digit_p (c))
{
- if (_rl_digit_p (c))
- {
- save = rl_numeric_arg;
- rl_numeric_arg = _rl_digit_value (c);
- rl_explicit_arg = 1;
- RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG|RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
- rl_digit_loop1 ();
- RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
- rl_numeric_arg *= save;
- RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
- c = rl_read_key (); /* real command */
- RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
- if (c < 0)
- {
- *nextkey = 0;
- return -1;
- }
- *nextkey = c;
- }
- else if (key == c && (key == 'd' || key == 'y' || key == 'c'))
- {
- rl_mark = rl_end;
- rl_beg_of_line (1, c);
- _rl_vi_last_motion = c;
- return (0);
- }
+ if (rl_explicit_arg)
+ rl_numeric_arg = (rl_numeric_arg * 10) + _rl_digit_value (c);
else
- return (-1);
+ rl_numeric_arg = _rl_digit_value (c);
+ rl_explicit_arg = 1;
+ return 1; /* keep going */
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ rl_clear_message ();
+ rl_stuff_char (key);
+ return 0; /* done */
}
+}
+
+/* A simplified loop for vi. Don't dispatch key at end.
+ Don't recognize minus sign?
+ Should this do rl_save_prompt/rl_restore_prompt? */
+static int
+rl_digit_loop1 ()
+{
+ int c, r;
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ if (_rl_arg_overflow ())
+ return 1;
+
+ c = _rl_arg_getchar ();
+
+ r = _rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c);
+ if (r <= 0)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_NUMERICARG);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+static void
+_rl_mvcxt_init (m, op, key)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
+ int op, key;
+{
+ m->op = op;
+ m->state = m->flags = 0;
+ m->ncxt = 0;
+ m->numeric_arg = -1;
+ m->start = rl_point;
+ m->end = rl_end;
+ m->key = key;
+ m->motion = -1;
+}
+
+static _rl_vimotion_cxt *
+_rl_mvcxt_alloc (op, key)
+ int op, key;
+{
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
- _rl_vi_last_motion = c;
+ m = xmalloc (sizeof (_rl_vimotion_cxt));
+ _rl_mvcxt_init (m, op, key);
+ return m;
+}
+
+static void
+_rl_mvcxt_dispose (m)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
+{
+ free (m);
+}
+
+static int
+rl_domove_motion_callback (m)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
+{
+ int c, key, save, r;
+ int old_end;
+
+ _rl_vi_last_motion = c = m->motion;
/* Append a blank character temporarily so that the motion routines
work right at the end of the line. */
if (rl_mark < rl_point)
SWAP (rl_point, rl_mark);
- return (0);
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
+ (*rl_redisplay_function)(); /* make sure motion is displayed */
+#endif
+
+ r = vidomove_dispatch (m);
+
+ return (r);
}
-/* Process C as part of the current numeric argument. Return -1 if the
- argument should be aborted, 0 if we should not read any more chars, and
- 1 if we should continue to read chars. */
+#define RL_VIMOVENUMARG() (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION) && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG))
+
static int
-_rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c)
- int c;
+rl_domove_read_callback (m)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
{
- int key;
+ int c, save;
- key = c;
- if (c >= 0 && _rl_keymap[c].type == ISFUNC && _rl_keymap[c].function == rl_universal_argument)
+ c = m->motion;
+
+ if (member (c, vi_motion))
{
- rl_numeric_arg *= 4;
- return 1;
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ /* If we just read a vi-mode motion command numeric argument, turn off
+ the `reading numeric arg' state */
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK) && RL_VIMOVENUMARG())
+ RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG);
+#endif
+ /* Should do everything, including turning off RL_STATE_VIMOTION */
+ return (rl_domove_motion_callback (m));
}
-
- c = UNMETA (c);
-
- if (_rl_digit_p (c))
+ else if (m->key == c && (m->key == 'd' || m->key == 'y' || m->key == 'c'))
{
- if (rl_explicit_arg)
- rl_numeric_arg = (rl_numeric_arg * 10) + _rl_digit_value (c);
- else
- rl_numeric_arg = _rl_digit_value (c);
+ rl_mark = rl_end;
+ rl_beg_of_line (1, c);
+ _rl_vi_last_motion = c;
+ RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
+ return (0);
+ }
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ /* XXX - these need to handle rl_universal_argument bindings */
+ /* Reading vi motion char continuing numeric argument */
+ else if (_rl_digit_p (c) && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK) && RL_VIMOVENUMARG())
+ {
+ return (_rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c));
+ }
+ /* Readine vi motion char starting numeric argument */
+ else if (_rl_digit_p (c) && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK) && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION) && (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG) == 0))
+ {
+ RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG);
+ return (_rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c));
+ }
+#endif
+ else if (_rl_digit_p (c))
+ {
+ /* This code path taken when not in callback mode */
+ save = rl_numeric_arg;
+ rl_numeric_arg = _rl_digit_value (c);
rl_explicit_arg = 1;
- return 1;
+ RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG);
+ rl_digit_loop1 ();
+ rl_numeric_arg *= save;
+ c = rl_vi_domove_getchar (m);
+ if (c < 0)
+ {
+ m->motion = 0;
+ return -1;
+ }
+ m->motion = c;
+ return (rl_domove_motion_callback (m));
}
else
{
- rl_clear_message ();
- rl_stuff_char (key);
- return 0;
+ RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
+ RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG);
+ return (1);
}
}
-/* A simplified loop for vi. Don't dispatch key at end.
- Don't recognize minus sign?
- Should this do rl_save_prompt/rl_restore_prompt? */
static int
-rl_digit_loop1 ()
+rl_vi_domove_getchar (m)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
{
- int c, r;
-
- while (1)
- {
- if (_rl_arg_overflow ())
- return 1;
-
- c = _rl_arg_getchar ();
+ int c;
- r = _rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c);
- if (r <= 0)
- break;
- }
+ RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+ c = rl_read_key ();
+ RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
- RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_NUMERICARG);
- return (0);
+ return c;
}
-static void
-_rl_mvcxt_init (m, op, key)
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+int
+_rl_vi_domove_callback (m)
_rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
- int op, key;
{
- m->op = op;
- m->state = m->flags = 0;
- m->ncxt = 0;
- m->numeric_arg = -1;
- m->start = rl_point;
- m->end = rl_end;
- m->key = key;
- m->motion = -1;
+ int c, r;
+
+ m->motion = c = rl_vi_domove_getchar (m);
+ /* XXX - what to do if this returns -1? Should we return 1 for eof to
+ callback code? */
+ r = rl_domove_read_callback (m);
+
+ return ((r == 0) ? r : 1); /* normalize return values */
}
+#endif
-static _rl_vimotion_cxt *
-_rl_mvcxt_alloc (op, key)
- int op, key;
+/* This code path taken when not in callback mode. */
+int
+rl_vi_domove (x, ignore)
+ int x, *ignore;
{
+ int r;
_rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
- m = xmalloc (sizeof (_rl_vimotion_cxt));
- _rl_mvcxt_init (m, op, key);
- return m;
-}
+ *ignore = m->motion = rl_vi_domove_getchar (m = _rl_vimvcxt);
-static void
-_rl_mvcxt_dispose (m)
- _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
-{
- free (m);
-}
+ if (m->motion < 0)
+ {
+ m->motion = 0;
+ return -1;
+ }
-/*
- * 1. Create context, set initial values
- * 2. Pass to rl_vi_domove to populate
- * 3. Use returned context to finish rest of command
- *
- * Context:
- * op
- * state
- * flags
- * numeric arg
- * start, end positions
- * initial key (key), motion key (c)
- */
+ return (rl_domove_read_callback (m));
+}
static int
vi_delete_dispatch (m)
{
int c, r;
- if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
- rl_stuff_char ('$');
- else if (vi_redoing)
- rl_stuff_char (_rl_vi_last_motion);
-
_rl_vimvcxt = _rl_mvcxt_alloc (VIM_DELETE, key);
_rl_vimvcxt->start = rl_point;
- /* XXX -- TODO -- pass and use context in rl_vi_domove */
- if (rl_vi_domove (key, &c))
+ rl_mark = rl_point;
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
+ {
+ _rl_vimvcxt->motion = '$';
+ r = rl_domove_motion_callback (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ }
+ else if (vi_redoing)
+ {
+ _rl_vimvcxt->motion = _rl_vi_last_motion;
+ r = rl_domove_motion_callback (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ }
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
+ {
+ RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
+ return (0);
+ }
+#endif
+ else
+ r = rl_vi_domove (key, &c);
+
+ if (r < 0)
{
rl_ding ();
- return -1;
+ r = -1;
}
- _rl_vimvcxt->motion = c;
- r = vidomove_dispatch (_rl_vimvcxt);
_rl_mvcxt_dispose (_rl_vimvcxt);
_rl_vimvcxt = 0;
+
return r;
}
{
int c, r;
- if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
- rl_stuff_char ('$');
- else if (vi_redoing)
- rl_stuff_char (_rl_vi_last_motion);
-
_rl_vimvcxt = _rl_mvcxt_alloc (VIM_CHANGE, key);
_rl_vimvcxt->start = rl_point;
- /* XXX -- TODO -- pass and use context in rl_vi_domove */
- if (rl_vi_domove (key, &c))
+ rl_mark = rl_point;
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
+ {
+ _rl_vimvcxt->motion = '$';
+ r = rl_domove_motion_callback (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ }
+ else if (vi_redoing)
+ {
+ _rl_vimvcxt->motion = _rl_vi_last_motion;
+ r = rl_domove_motion_callback (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ }
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
+ {
+ RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
+ return (0);
+ }
+#endif
+ else
+ r = rl_vi_domove (key, &c);
+
+ if (r < 0)
{
rl_ding ();
- return -1;
+ r = -1; /* normalize return value */
}
- _rl_vimvcxt->motion = c;
- r = vidomove_dispatch (_rl_vimvcxt);
_rl_mvcxt_dispose (_rl_vimvcxt);
_rl_vimvcxt = 0;
+
return r;
}
{
int c, r;
- if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
- rl_stuff_char ('$');
-
_rl_vimvcxt = _rl_mvcxt_alloc (VIM_YANK, key);
_rl_vimvcxt->start = rl_point;
- /* XXX -- TODO -- pass and use context in rl_vi_domove */
- if (rl_vi_domove (key, &c))
+ rl_mark = rl_point;
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
+ {
+ _rl_vimvcxt->motion = '$';
+ r = rl_domove_motion_callback (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ }
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
+ {
+ RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
+ return (0);
+ }
+#endif
+ else
+ r = rl_vi_domove (key, &c);
+
+ if (r < 0)
{
rl_ding ();
- return -1;
+ r = -1;
}
- _rl_vimvcxt->motion = c;
- r = vidomove_dispatch (_rl_vimvcxt);
_rl_mvcxt_dispose (_rl_vimvcxt);
_rl_vimvcxt = 0;
+
return r;
}
r = vi_yank_dispatch (m);
break;
default:
- fprintf (stderr, "vidomove_dispatch: unknown operator %d", m->op);
+ _rl_errmsg ("vidomove_dispatch: unknown operator %d", m->op);
r = 1;
break;
}
+ RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
return r;
}
--- /dev/null
+/* vi_mode.c -- A vi emulation mode for Bash.
+ Derived from code written by Jeff Sparkes (jsparkes@bnr.ca). */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of the GNU Readline Library (Readline), a library
+ for reading lines of text with interactive input and history editing.
+
+ Readline is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Readline is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Readline. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#define READLINE_LIBRARY
+
+/* **************************************************************** */
+/* */
+/* VI Emulation Mode */
+/* */
+/* **************************************************************** */
+#include "rlconf.h"
+
+#if defined (VI_MODE)
+
+#if defined (HAVE_CONFIG_H)
+# include <config.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#if defined (HAVE_STDLIB_H)
+# include <stdlib.h>
+#else
+# include "ansi_stdlib.h"
+#endif /* HAVE_STDLIB_H */
+
+#if defined (HAVE_UNISTD_H)
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+/* Some standard library routines. */
+#include "rldefs.h"
+#include "rlmbutil.h"
+
+#include "readline.h"
+#include "history.h"
+
+#include "rlprivate.h"
+#include "xmalloc.h"
+
+#ifndef member
+#define member(c, s) ((c) ? (char *)strchr ((s), (c)) != (char *)NULL : 0)
+#endif
+
+int _rl_vi_last_command = 'i'; /* default `.' puts you in insert mode */
+
+_rl_vimotion_cxt *_rl_vimvcxt = 0;
+
+/* Non-zero means enter insertion mode. */
+static int _rl_vi_doing_insert;
+
+/* Command keys which do movement for xxx_to commands. */
+static const char * const vi_motion = " hl^$0ftFT;,%wbeWBE|`";
+
+/* Keymap used for vi replace characters. Created dynamically since
+ rarely used. */
+static Keymap vi_replace_map;
+
+/* The number of characters inserted in the last replace operation. */
+static int vi_replace_count;
+
+/* If non-zero, we have text inserted after a c[motion] command that put
+ us implicitly into insert mode. Some people want this text to be
+ attached to the command so that it is `redoable' with `.'. */
+static int vi_continued_command;
+static char *vi_insert_buffer;
+static int vi_insert_buffer_size;
+
+static int _rl_vi_last_repeat = 1;
+static int _rl_vi_last_arg_sign = 1;
+static int _rl_vi_last_motion;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+static char _rl_vi_last_search_mbchar[MB_LEN_MAX];
+static int _rl_vi_last_search_mblen;
+#else
+static int _rl_vi_last_search_char;
+#endif
+static int _rl_vi_last_replacement;
+
+static int _rl_vi_last_key_before_insert;
+
+static int vi_redoing;
+
+/* Text modification commands. These are the `redoable' commands. */
+static const char * const vi_textmod = "_*\\AaIiCcDdPpYyRrSsXx~";
+
+/* Arrays for the saved marks. */
+static int vi_mark_chars['z' - 'a' + 1];
+
+static void _rl_vi_stuff_insert PARAMS((int));
+static void _rl_vi_save_insert PARAMS((UNDO_LIST *));
+
+static void _rl_vi_backup PARAMS((void));
+
+static int _rl_vi_arg_dispatch PARAMS((int));
+static int rl_digit_loop1 PARAMS((void));
+
+static int _rl_vi_set_mark PARAMS((void));
+static int _rl_vi_goto_mark PARAMS((void));
+
+static void _rl_vi_append_forward PARAMS((int));
+
+static int _rl_vi_callback_getchar PARAMS((char *, int));
+
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+static int _rl_vi_callback_set_mark PARAMS((_rl_callback_generic_arg *));
+static int _rl_vi_callback_goto_mark PARAMS((_rl_callback_generic_arg *));
+static int _rl_vi_callback_change_char PARAMS((_rl_callback_generic_arg *));
+static int _rl_vi_callback_char_search PARAMS((_rl_callback_generic_arg *));
+#endif
+
+static int vi_change_dispatch PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
+static int vi_delete_dispatch PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
+static int vi_yank_dispatch PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
+
+static int vidomove_dispatch PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
+
+void
+_rl_vi_initialize_line ()
+{
+ register int i, n;
+
+ n = sizeof (vi_mark_chars) / sizeof (vi_mark_chars[0]);
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+ vi_mark_chars[i] = -1;
+
+ RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_VICMDONCE);
+}
+
+void
+_rl_vi_reset_last ()
+{
+ _rl_vi_last_command = 'i';
+ _rl_vi_last_repeat = 1;
+ _rl_vi_last_arg_sign = 1;
+ _rl_vi_last_motion = 0;
+}
+
+void
+_rl_vi_set_last (key, repeat, sign)
+ int key, repeat, sign;
+{
+ _rl_vi_last_command = key;
+ _rl_vi_last_repeat = repeat;
+ _rl_vi_last_arg_sign = sign;
+}
+
+/* A convenience function that calls _rl_vi_set_last to save the last command
+ information and enters insertion mode. */
+void
+rl_vi_start_inserting (key, repeat, sign)
+ int key, repeat, sign;
+{
+ _rl_vi_set_last (key, repeat, sign);
+ rl_vi_insertion_mode (1, key);
+}
+
+/* Is the command C a VI mode text modification command? */
+int
+_rl_vi_textmod_command (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ return (member (c, vi_textmod));
+}
+
+static void
+_rl_vi_stuff_insert (count)
+ int count;
+{
+ rl_begin_undo_group ();
+ while (count--)
+ rl_insert_text (vi_insert_buffer);
+ rl_end_undo_group ();
+}
+
+/* Bound to `.'. Called from command mode, so we know that we have to
+ redo a text modification command. The default for _rl_vi_last_command
+ puts you back into insert mode. */
+int
+rl_vi_redo (count, c)
+ int count, c;
+{
+ int r;
+
+ if (!rl_explicit_arg)
+ {
+ rl_numeric_arg = _rl_vi_last_repeat;
+ rl_arg_sign = _rl_vi_last_arg_sign;
+ }
+
+ r = 0;
+ vi_redoing = 1;
+ /* If we're redoing an insert with `i', stuff in the inserted text
+ and do not go into insertion mode. */
+ if (_rl_vi_last_command == 'i' && vi_insert_buffer && *vi_insert_buffer)
+ {
+ _rl_vi_stuff_insert (count);
+ /* And back up point over the last character inserted. */
+ if (rl_point > 0)
+ _rl_vi_backup ();
+ }
+ /* Ditto for redoing an insert with `I', but move to the beginning of the
+ line like the `I' command does. */
+ else if (_rl_vi_last_command == 'I' && vi_insert_buffer && *vi_insert_buffer)
+ {
+ rl_beg_of_line (1, 'I');
+ _rl_vi_stuff_insert (count);
+ if (rl_point > 0)
+ _rl_vi_backup ();
+ }
+ /* Ditto for redoing an insert with `a', but move forward a character first
+ like the `a' command does. */
+ else if (_rl_vi_last_command == 'a' && vi_insert_buffer && *vi_insert_buffer)
+ {
+ _rl_vi_append_forward ('a');
+ _rl_vi_stuff_insert (count);
+ if (rl_point > 0)
+ _rl_vi_backup ();
+ }
+ /* Ditto for redoing an insert with `A', but move to the end of the line
+ like the `A' command does. */
+ else if (_rl_vi_last_command == 'A' && vi_insert_buffer && *vi_insert_buffer)
+ {
+ rl_end_of_line (1, 'A');
+ _rl_vi_stuff_insert (count);
+ if (rl_point > 0)
+ _rl_vi_backup ();
+ }
+ else
+ r = _rl_dispatch (_rl_vi_last_command, _rl_keymap);
+ vi_redoing = 0;
+
+ return (r);
+}
+
+/* A placeholder for further expansion. */
+int
+rl_vi_undo (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ return (rl_undo_command (count, key));
+}
+
+/* Yank the nth arg from the previous line into this line at point. */
+int
+rl_vi_yank_arg (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ /* Readline thinks that the first word on a line is the 0th, while vi
+ thinks the first word on a line is the 1st. Compensate. */
+ if (rl_explicit_arg)
+ rl_yank_nth_arg (count - 1, 0);
+ else
+ rl_yank_nth_arg ('$', 0);
+
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* With an argument, move back that many history lines, else move to the
+ beginning of history. */
+int
+rl_vi_fetch_history (count, c)
+ int count, c;
+{
+ int wanted;
+
+ /* Giving an argument of n means we want the nth command in the history
+ file. The command number is interpreted the same way that the bash
+ `history' command does it -- that is, giving an argument count of 450
+ to this command would get the command listed as number 450 in the
+ output of `history'. */
+ if (rl_explicit_arg)
+ {
+ wanted = history_base + where_history () - count;
+ if (wanted <= 0)
+ rl_beginning_of_history (0, 0);
+ else
+ rl_get_previous_history (wanted, c);
+ }
+ else
+ rl_beginning_of_history (count, 0);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* Search again for the last thing searched for. */
+int
+rl_vi_search_again (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ switch (key)
+ {
+ case 'n':
+ rl_noninc_reverse_search_again (count, key);
+ break;
+
+ case 'N':
+ rl_noninc_forward_search_again (count, key);
+ break;
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* Do a vi style search. */
+int
+rl_vi_search (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ switch (key)
+ {
+ case '?':
+ _rl_free_saved_history_line ();
+ rl_noninc_forward_search (count, key);
+ break;
+
+ case '/':
+ _rl_free_saved_history_line ();
+ rl_noninc_reverse_search (count, key);
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ rl_ding ();
+ break;
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* Completion, from vi's point of view. */
+int
+rl_vi_complete (ignore, key)
+ int ignore, key;
+{
+ if ((rl_point < rl_end) && (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])))
+ {
+ if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point + 1]))
+ rl_vi_end_word (1, 'E');
+ rl_point++;
+ }
+
+ if (key == '*')
+ rl_complete_internal ('*'); /* Expansion and replacement. */
+ else if (key == '=')
+ rl_complete_internal ('?'); /* List possible completions. */
+ else if (key == '\\')
+ rl_complete_internal (TAB); /* Standard Readline completion. */
+ else
+ rl_complete (0, key);
+
+ if (key == '*' || key == '\\')
+ rl_vi_start_inserting (key, 1, rl_arg_sign);
+
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* Tilde expansion for vi mode. */
+int
+rl_vi_tilde_expand (ignore, key)
+ int ignore, key;
+{
+ rl_tilde_expand (0, key);
+ rl_vi_start_inserting (key, 1, rl_arg_sign);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* Previous word in vi mode. */
+int
+rl_vi_prev_word (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ if (count < 0)
+ return (rl_vi_next_word (-count, key));
+
+ if (rl_point == 0)
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return (0);
+ }
+
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
+ rl_vi_bWord (count, key);
+ else
+ rl_vi_bword (count, key);
+
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* Next word in vi mode. */
+int
+rl_vi_next_word (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ if (count < 0)
+ return (rl_vi_prev_word (-count, key));
+
+ if (rl_point >= (rl_end - 1))
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return (0);
+ }
+
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
+ rl_vi_fWord (count, key);
+ else
+ rl_vi_fword (count, key);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* Move to the end of the ?next? word. */
+int
+rl_vi_end_word (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ if (count < 0)
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
+ rl_vi_eWord (count, key);
+ else
+ rl_vi_eword (count, key);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* Move forward a word the way that 'W' does. */
+int
+rl_vi_fWord (count, ignore)
+ int count, ignore;
+{
+ while (count-- && rl_point < (rl_end - 1))
+ {
+ /* Skip until whitespace. */
+ while (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && rl_point < rl_end)
+ rl_point++;
+
+ /* Now skip whitespace. */
+ while (whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && rl_point < rl_end)
+ rl_point++;
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_bWord (count, ignore)
+ int count, ignore;
+{
+ while (count-- && rl_point > 0)
+ {
+ /* If we are at the start of a word, move back to whitespace so
+ we will go back to the start of the previous word. */
+ if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) &&
+ whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point - 1]))
+ rl_point--;
+
+ while (rl_point > 0 && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ rl_point--;
+
+ if (rl_point > 0)
+ {
+ while (--rl_point >= 0 && !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]));
+ rl_point++;
+ }
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_eWord (count, ignore)
+ int count, ignore;
+{
+ while (count-- && rl_point < (rl_end - 1))
+ {
+ if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ rl_point++;
+
+ /* Move to the next non-whitespace character (to the start of the
+ next word). */
+ while (rl_point < rl_end && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ rl_point++;
+
+ if (rl_point && rl_point < rl_end)
+ {
+ /* Skip whitespace. */
+ while (rl_point < rl_end && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ rl_point++;
+
+ /* Skip until whitespace. */
+ while (rl_point < rl_end && !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ rl_point++;
+
+ /* Move back to the last character of the word. */
+ rl_point--;
+ }
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_fword (count, ignore)
+ int count, ignore;
+{
+ while (count-- && rl_point < (rl_end - 1))
+ {
+ /* Move to white space (really non-identifer). */
+ if (_rl_isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ {
+ while (_rl_isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && rl_point < rl_end)
+ rl_point++;
+ }
+ else /* if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) */
+ {
+ while (!_rl_isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) &&
+ !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && rl_point < rl_end)
+ rl_point++;
+ }
+
+ /* Move past whitespace. */
+ while (whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && rl_point < rl_end)
+ rl_point++;
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_bword (count, ignore)
+ int count, ignore;
+{
+ while (count-- && rl_point > 0)
+ {
+ int last_is_ident;
+
+ /* If we are at the start of a word, move back to whitespace
+ so we will go back to the start of the previous word. */
+ if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) &&
+ whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point - 1]))
+ rl_point--;
+
+ /* If this character and the previous character are `opposite', move
+ back so we don't get messed up by the rl_point++ down there in
+ the while loop. Without this code, words like `l;' screw up the
+ function. */
+ last_is_ident = _rl_isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point - 1]);
+ if ((_rl_isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && !last_is_ident) ||
+ (!_rl_isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) && last_is_ident))
+ rl_point--;
+
+ while (rl_point > 0 && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ rl_point--;
+
+ if (rl_point > 0)
+ {
+ if (_rl_isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ while (--rl_point >= 0 && _rl_isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]));
+ else
+ while (--rl_point >= 0 && !_rl_isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]) &&
+ !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]));
+ rl_point++;
+ }
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_eword (count, ignore)
+ int count, ignore;
+{
+ while (count-- && rl_point < rl_end - 1)
+ {
+ if (!whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ rl_point++;
+
+ while (rl_point < rl_end && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ rl_point++;
+
+ if (rl_point < rl_end)
+ {
+ if (_rl_isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ while (++rl_point < rl_end && _rl_isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]));
+ else
+ while (++rl_point < rl_end && !_rl_isident (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])
+ && !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]));
+ }
+ rl_point--;
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_insert_beg (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ rl_beg_of_line (1, key);
+ rl_vi_insert_mode (1, key);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+static void
+_rl_vi_append_forward (key)
+ int key;
+{
+ int point;
+
+ if (rl_point < rl_end)
+ {
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX == 1 || rl_byte_oriented)
+ rl_point++;
+ else
+ {
+ point = rl_point;
+ rl_forward_char (1, key);
+ if (point == rl_point)
+ rl_point = rl_end;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_append_mode (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ _rl_vi_append_forward (key);
+ rl_vi_start_inserting (key, 1, rl_arg_sign);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_append_eol (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ rl_end_of_line (1, key);
+ rl_vi_append_mode (1, key);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* What to do in the case of C-d. */
+int
+rl_vi_eof_maybe (count, c)
+ int count, c;
+{
+ return (rl_newline (1, '\n'));
+}
+
+/* Insertion mode stuff. */
+
+/* Switching from one mode to the other really just involves
+ switching keymaps. */
+int
+rl_vi_insertion_mode (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ _rl_keymap = vi_insertion_keymap;
+ _rl_vi_last_key_before_insert = key;
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_insert_mode (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ rl_vi_start_inserting (key, 1, rl_arg_sign);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+static void
+_rl_vi_save_insert (up)
+ UNDO_LIST *up;
+{
+ int len, start, end;
+
+ if (up == 0 || up->what != UNDO_INSERT)
+ {
+ if (vi_insert_buffer_size >= 1)
+ vi_insert_buffer[0] = '\0';
+ return;
+ }
+
+ start = up->start;
+ end = up->end;
+ len = end - start + 1;
+ if (len >= vi_insert_buffer_size)
+ {
+ vi_insert_buffer_size += (len + 32) - (len % 32);
+ vi_insert_buffer = (char *)xrealloc (vi_insert_buffer, vi_insert_buffer_size);
+ }
+ strncpy (vi_insert_buffer, rl_line_buffer + start, len - 1);
+ vi_insert_buffer[len-1] = '\0';
+}
+
+void
+_rl_vi_done_inserting ()
+{
+ if (_rl_vi_doing_insert)
+ {
+ /* The `C', `s', and `S' commands set this. */
+ rl_end_undo_group ();
+ /* Now, the text between rl_undo_list->next->start and
+ rl_undo_list->next->end is what was inserted while in insert
+ mode. It gets copied to VI_INSERT_BUFFER because it depends
+ on absolute indices into the line which may change (though they
+ probably will not). */
+ _rl_vi_doing_insert = 0;
+ _rl_vi_save_insert (rl_undo_list->next);
+ vi_continued_command = 1;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (rl_undo_list && (_rl_vi_last_key_before_insert == 'i' ||
+ _rl_vi_last_key_before_insert == 'a' ||
+ _rl_vi_last_key_before_insert == 'I' ||
+ _rl_vi_last_key_before_insert == 'A'))
+ _rl_vi_save_insert (rl_undo_list);
+ /* XXX - Other keys probably need to be checked. */
+ else if (_rl_vi_last_key_before_insert == 'C')
+ rl_end_undo_group ();
+ while (_rl_undo_group_level > 0)
+ rl_end_undo_group ();
+ vi_continued_command = 0;
+ }
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_movement_mode (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ if (rl_point > 0)
+ rl_backward_char (1, key);
+
+ _rl_keymap = vi_movement_keymap;
+ _rl_vi_done_inserting ();
+
+ /* This is how POSIX.2 says `U' should behave -- everything up until the
+ first time you go into command mode should not be undone. */
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_VICMDONCE) == 0)
+ rl_free_undo_list ();
+
+ RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_VICMDONCE);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_arg_digit (count, c)
+ int count, c;
+{
+ if (c == '0' && rl_numeric_arg == 1 && !rl_explicit_arg)
+ return (rl_beg_of_line (1, c));
+ else
+ return (rl_digit_argument (count, c));
+}
+
+/* Change the case of the next COUNT characters. */
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+static int
+_rl_vi_change_mbchar_case (count)
+ int count;
+{
+ wchar_t wc;
+ char mb[MB_LEN_MAX+1];
+ int mlen, p;
+ size_t m;
+ mbstate_t ps;
+
+ memset (&ps, 0, sizeof (mbstate_t));
+ if (_rl_adjust_point (rl_line_buffer, rl_point, &ps) > 0)
+ count--;
+ while (count-- && rl_point < rl_end)
+ {
+ m = mbrtowc (&wc, rl_line_buffer + rl_point, rl_end - rl_point, &ps);
+ if (MB_INVALIDCH (m))
+ wc = (wchar_t)rl_line_buffer[rl_point];
+ else if (MB_NULLWCH (m))
+ wc = L'\0';
+ if (iswupper (wc))
+ wc = towlower (wc);
+ else if (iswlower (wc))
+ wc = towupper (wc);
+ else
+ {
+ /* Just skip over chars neither upper nor lower case */
+ rl_forward_char (1, 0);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Vi is kind of strange here. */
+ if (wc)
+ {
+ p = rl_point;
+ mlen = wcrtomb (mb, wc, &ps);
+ if (mlen >= 0)
+ mb[mlen] = '\0';
+ rl_begin_undo_group ();
+ rl_vi_delete (1, 0);
+ if (rl_point < p) /* Did we retreat at EOL? */
+ rl_point++; /* XXX - should we advance more than 1 for mbchar? */
+ rl_insert_text (mb);
+ rl_end_undo_group ();
+ rl_vi_check ();
+ }
+ else
+ rl_forward_char (1, 0);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+int
+rl_vi_change_case (count, ignore)
+ int count, ignore;
+{
+ int c, p;
+
+ /* Don't try this on an empty line. */
+ if (rl_point >= rl_end)
+ return (0);
+
+ c = 0;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && rl_byte_oriented == 0)
+ return (_rl_vi_change_mbchar_case (count));
+#endif
+
+ while (count-- && rl_point < rl_end)
+ {
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ c = _rl_to_lower (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]);
+ else if (_rl_lowercase_p (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ c = _rl_to_upper (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]);
+ else
+ {
+ /* Just skip over characters neither upper nor lower case. */
+ rl_forward_char (1, c);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* Vi is kind of strange here. */
+ if (c)
+ {
+ p = rl_point;
+ rl_begin_undo_group ();
+ rl_vi_delete (1, c);
+ if (rl_point < p) /* Did we retreat at EOL? */
+ rl_point++;
+ _rl_insert_char (1, c);
+ rl_end_undo_group ();
+ rl_vi_check ();
+ }
+ else
+ rl_forward_char (1, c);
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_put (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ if (!_rl_uppercase_p (key) && (rl_point + 1 <= rl_end))
+ rl_point = _rl_find_next_mbchar (rl_line_buffer, rl_point, 1, MB_FIND_NONZERO);
+
+ while (count--)
+ rl_yank (1, key);
+
+ rl_backward_char (1, key);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+static void
+_rl_vi_backup ()
+{
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && rl_byte_oriented == 0)
+ rl_point = _rl_find_prev_mbchar (rl_line_buffer, rl_point, MB_FIND_NONZERO);
+ else
+ rl_point--;
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_check ()
+{
+ if (rl_point && rl_point == rl_end)
+ {
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && rl_byte_oriented == 0)
+ rl_point = _rl_find_prev_mbchar (rl_line_buffer, rl_point, MB_FIND_NONZERO);
+ else
+ rl_point--;
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_column (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ if (count > rl_end)
+ rl_end_of_line (1, key);
+ else
+ rl_point = count - 1;
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_domove (key, nextkey)
+ int key, *nextkey;
+{
+ int c, save;
+ int old_end;
+
+ rl_mark = rl_point;
+ RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+ c = rl_read_key ();
+ RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+
+ if (c < 0)
+ {
+ *nextkey = 0;
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ *nextkey = c;
+
+ if (!member (c, vi_motion))
+ {
+ if (_rl_digit_p (c))
+ {
+ save = rl_numeric_arg;
+ rl_numeric_arg = _rl_digit_value (c);
+ rl_explicit_arg = 1;
+ RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG|RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
+ rl_digit_loop1 ();
+ RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
+ rl_numeric_arg *= save;
+ RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+ c = rl_read_key (); /* real command */
+ RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+ if (c < 0)
+ {
+ *nextkey = 0;
+ return -1;
+ }
+ *nextkey = c;
+ }
+ else if (key == c && (key == 'd' || key == 'y' || key == 'c'))
+ {
+ rl_mark = rl_end;
+ rl_beg_of_line (1, c);
+ _rl_vi_last_motion = c;
+ return (0);
+ }
+ else
+ return (-1);
+ }
+
+ _rl_vi_last_motion = c;
+
+ /* Append a blank character temporarily so that the motion routines
+ work right at the end of the line. */
+ old_end = rl_end;
+ rl_line_buffer[rl_end++] = ' ';
+ rl_line_buffer[rl_end] = '\0';
+
+ _rl_dispatch (c, _rl_keymap);
+
+ /* Remove the blank that we added. */
+ rl_end = old_end;
+ rl_line_buffer[rl_end] = '\0';
+ if (rl_point > rl_end)
+ rl_point = rl_end;
+
+ /* No change in position means the command failed. */
+ if (rl_mark == rl_point)
+ return (-1);
+
+ /* rl_vi_f[wW]ord () leaves the cursor on the first character of the next
+ word. If we are not at the end of the line, and we are on a
+ non-whitespace character, move back one (presumably to whitespace). */
+ if ((_rl_to_upper (c) == 'W') && rl_point < rl_end && rl_point > rl_mark &&
+ !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ rl_point--;
+
+ /* If cw or cW, back up to the end of a word, so the behaviour of ce
+ or cE is the actual result. Brute-force, no subtlety. */
+ if (key == 'c' && rl_point >= rl_mark && (_rl_to_upper (c) == 'W'))
+ {
+ /* Don't move farther back than where we started. */
+ while (rl_point > rl_mark && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ rl_point--;
+
+ /* Posix.2 says that if cw or cW moves the cursor towards the end of
+ the line, the character under the cursor should be deleted. */
+ if (rl_point == rl_mark)
+ rl_point++;
+ else
+ {
+ /* Move past the end of the word so that the kill doesn't
+ remove the last letter of the previous word. Only do this
+ if we are not at the end of the line. */
+ if (rl_point >= 0 && rl_point < (rl_end - 1) && !whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ rl_point++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (rl_mark < rl_point)
+ SWAP (rl_point, rl_mark);
+
+ return (0);
+}
+
+/* Process C as part of the current numeric argument. Return -1 if the
+ argument should be aborted, 0 if we should not read any more chars, and
+ 1 if we should continue to read chars. */
+static int
+_rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ int key;
+
+ key = c;
+ if (c >= 0 && _rl_keymap[c].type == ISFUNC && _rl_keymap[c].function == rl_universal_argument)
+ {
+ rl_numeric_arg *= 4;
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ c = UNMETA (c);
+
+ if (_rl_digit_p (c))
+ {
+ if (rl_explicit_arg)
+ rl_numeric_arg = (rl_numeric_arg * 10) + _rl_digit_value (c);
+ else
+ rl_numeric_arg = _rl_digit_value (c);
+ rl_explicit_arg = 1;
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ rl_clear_message ();
+ rl_stuff_char (key);
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+/* A simplified loop for vi. Don't dispatch key at end.
+ Don't recognize minus sign?
+ Should this do rl_save_prompt/rl_restore_prompt? */
+static int
+rl_digit_loop1 ()
+{
+ int c, r;
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ if (_rl_arg_overflow ())
+ return 1;
+
+ c = _rl_arg_getchar ();
+
+ r = _rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c);
+ if (r <= 0)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_NUMERICARG);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+static void
+_rl_mvcxt_init (m, op, key)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
+ int op, key;
+{
+ m->op = op;
+ m->state = m->flags = 0;
+ m->ncxt = 0;
+ m->numeric_arg = -1;
+ m->start = rl_point;
+ m->end = rl_end;
+ m->key = key;
+ m->motion = -1;
+}
+
+static _rl_vimotion_cxt *
+_rl_mvcxt_alloc (op, key)
+ int op, key;
+{
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
+
+ m = xmalloc (sizeof (_rl_vimotion_cxt));
+ _rl_mvcxt_init (m, op, key);
+ return m;
+}
+
+static void
+_rl_mvcxt_dispose (m)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
+{
+ free (m);
+}
+
+/*
+ * 1. Create context, set initial values
+ * 2. Pass to rl_vi_domove to populate
+ * 3. Use returned context to finish rest of command
+ *
+ * Context:
+ * op
+ * state
+ * flags
+ * numeric arg
+ * start, end positions
+ * initial key (key), motion key (c)
+ */
+
+static int
+vi_delete_dispatch (m)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
+{
+ /* These are the motion commands that do not require adjusting the
+ mark. */
+ if (((strchr (" l|h^0bBFT`", m->motion) == 0) && (rl_point >= m->start)) &&
+ (rl_mark < rl_end))
+ rl_mark++;
+
+ rl_kill_text (rl_point, rl_mark);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_delete_to (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ int c, r;
+
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
+ rl_stuff_char ('$');
+ else if (vi_redoing)
+ rl_stuff_char (_rl_vi_last_motion);
+
+ _rl_vimvcxt = _rl_mvcxt_alloc (VIM_DELETE, key);
+ _rl_vimvcxt->start = rl_point;
+
+ /* XXX -- TODO -- pass and use context in rl_vi_domove */
+ if (rl_vi_domove (key, &c))
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return -1;
+ }
+ _rl_vimvcxt->motion = c;
+
+ r = vidomove_dispatch (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ _rl_mvcxt_dispose (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ _rl_vimvcxt = 0;
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int
+vi_change_dispatch (m)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
+{
+ /* These are the motion commands that do not require adjusting the
+ mark. c[wW] are handled by special-case code in rl_vi_domove(),
+ and already leave the mark at the correct location. */
+ if (((strchr (" l|hwW^0bBFT`", m->motion) == 0) && (rl_point >= m->start)) &&
+ (rl_mark < rl_end))
+ rl_mark++;
+
+ /* The cursor never moves with c[wW]. */
+ if ((_rl_to_upper (m->motion) == 'W') && rl_point < m->start)
+ rl_point = m->start;
+
+ if (vi_redoing)
+ {
+ if (vi_insert_buffer && *vi_insert_buffer)
+ rl_begin_undo_group ();
+ rl_delete_text (rl_point, rl_mark);
+ if (vi_insert_buffer && *vi_insert_buffer)
+ {
+ rl_insert_text (vi_insert_buffer);
+ rl_end_undo_group ();
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ rl_begin_undo_group (); /* to make the `u' command work */
+ rl_kill_text (rl_point, rl_mark);
+ /* `C' does not save the text inserted for undoing or redoing. */
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (m->key) == 0)
+ _rl_vi_doing_insert = 1;
+ /* XXX -- TODO -- use m->numericarg? */
+ rl_vi_start_inserting (m->key, rl_numeric_arg, rl_arg_sign);
+ }
+
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_change_to (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ int c, r;
+
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
+ rl_stuff_char ('$');
+ else if (vi_redoing)
+ rl_stuff_char (_rl_vi_last_motion);
+
+ _rl_vimvcxt = _rl_mvcxt_alloc (VIM_CHANGE, key);
+ _rl_vimvcxt->start = rl_point;
+
+ /* XXX -- TODO -- pass and use context in rl_vi_domove */
+ if (rl_vi_domove (key, &c))
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return -1;
+ }
+ _rl_vimvcxt->motion = c;
+
+ r = vidomove_dispatch (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ _rl_mvcxt_dispose (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ _rl_vimvcxt = 0;
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int
+vi_yank_dispatch (m)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
+{
+ /* These are the motion commands that do not require adjusting the
+ mark. */
+ if (((strchr (" l|h^0%bBFT`", m->motion) == 0) && (rl_point >= m->start)) &&
+ (rl_mark < rl_end))
+ rl_mark++;
+
+ rl_begin_undo_group ();
+ rl_kill_text (rl_point, rl_mark);
+ rl_end_undo_group ();
+ rl_do_undo ();
+ rl_point = m->start;
+
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_yank_to (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ int c, r;
+
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
+ rl_stuff_char ('$');
+
+ _rl_vimvcxt = _rl_mvcxt_alloc (VIM_YANK, key);
+ _rl_vimvcxt->start = rl_point;
+
+ /* XXX -- TODO -- pass and use context in rl_vi_domove */
+ if (rl_vi_domove (key, &c))
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return -1;
+ }
+ _rl_vimvcxt->motion = c;
+
+ r = vidomove_dispatch (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ _rl_mvcxt_dispose (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ _rl_vimvcxt = 0;
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int
+vidomove_dispatch (m)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
+{
+ int r;
+
+ switch (m->op)
+ {
+ case VIM_DELETE:
+ r = vi_delete_dispatch (m);
+ break;
+ case VIM_CHANGE:
+ r = vi_change_dispatch (m);
+ break;
+ case VIM_YANK:
+ r = vi_yank_dispatch (m);
+ break;
+ default:
+ fprintf (stderr, "vidomove_dispatch: unknown operator %d", m->op);
+ r = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_rubout (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ int opoint;
+
+ if (count < 0)
+ return (rl_vi_delete (-count, key));
+
+ if (rl_point == 0)
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ opoint = rl_point;
+ if (count > 1 && MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && rl_byte_oriented == 0)
+ rl_backward_char (count, key);
+ else if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && rl_byte_oriented == 0)
+ rl_point = _rl_find_prev_mbchar (rl_line_buffer, rl_point, MB_FIND_NONZERO);
+ else
+ rl_point -= count;
+
+ if (rl_point < 0)
+ rl_point = 0;
+
+ rl_kill_text (rl_point, opoint);
+
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_delete (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ int end;
+
+ if (count < 0)
+ return (rl_vi_rubout (-count, key));
+
+ if (rl_end == 0)
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && rl_byte_oriented == 0)
+ end = _rl_find_next_mbchar (rl_line_buffer, rl_point, count, MB_FIND_NONZERO);
+ else
+ end = rl_point + count;
+
+ if (end >= rl_end)
+ end = rl_end;
+
+ rl_kill_text (rl_point, end);
+
+ if (rl_point > 0 && rl_point == rl_end)
+ rl_backward_char (1, key);
+
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_back_to_indent (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ rl_beg_of_line (1, key);
+ while (rl_point < rl_end && whitespace (rl_line_buffer[rl_point]))
+ rl_point++;
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_first_print (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ return (rl_vi_back_to_indent (1, key));
+}
+
+static int _rl_cs_dir, _rl_cs_orig_dir;
+
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+static int
+_rl_vi_callback_char_search (data)
+ _rl_callback_generic_arg *data;
+{
+ int c;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ c = _rl_vi_last_search_mblen = _rl_read_mbchar (_rl_vi_last_search_mbchar, MB_LEN_MAX);
+#else
+ RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+ c = rl_read_key ();
+ RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+#endif
+
+ if (c <= 0)
+ return -1;
+
+#if !defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ _rl_vi_last_search_char = c;
+#endif
+
+ _rl_callback_func = 0;
+ _rl_want_redisplay = 1;
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ return (_rl_char_search_internal (data->count, _rl_cs_dir, _rl_vi_last_search_mbchar, _rl_vi_last_search_mblen));
+#else
+ return (_rl_char_search_internal (data->count, _rl_cs_dir, _rl_vi_last_search_char));
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+int
+rl_vi_char_search (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ int c;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ static char *target;
+ static int tlen;
+#else
+ static char target;
+#endif
+
+ if (key == ';' || key == ',')
+ {
+ if (_rl_cs_orig_dir == 0)
+ return -1;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (_rl_vi_last_search_mblen == 0)
+ return -1;
+#else
+ if (_rl_vi_last_search_char == 0)
+ return -1;
+#endif
+ _rl_cs_dir = (key == ';') ? _rl_cs_orig_dir : -_rl_cs_orig_dir;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ switch (key)
+ {
+ case 't':
+ _rl_cs_orig_dir = _rl_cs_dir = FTO;
+ break;
+
+ case 'T':
+ _rl_cs_orig_dir = _rl_cs_dir = BTO;
+ break;
+
+ case 'f':
+ _rl_cs_orig_dir = _rl_cs_dir = FFIND;
+ break;
+
+ case 'F':
+ _rl_cs_orig_dir = _rl_cs_dir = BFIND;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (vi_redoing)
+ {
+ /* set target and tlen below */
+ }
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
+ {
+ _rl_callback_data = _rl_callback_data_alloc (count);
+ _rl_callback_data->i1 = _rl_cs_dir;
+ _rl_callback_func = _rl_vi_callback_char_search;
+ return (0);
+ }
+#endif
+ else
+ {
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ c = _rl_read_mbchar (_rl_vi_last_search_mbchar, MB_LEN_MAX);
+ if (c <= 0)
+ return -1;
+ _rl_vi_last_search_mblen = c;
+#else
+ RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+ c = rl_read_key ();
+ RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+ if (c < 0)
+ return -1;
+ _rl_vi_last_search_char = c;
+#endif
+ }
+ }
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ target = _rl_vi_last_search_mbchar;
+ tlen = _rl_vi_last_search_mblen;
+#else
+ target = _rl_vi_last_search_char;
+#endif
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ return (_rl_char_search_internal (count, _rl_cs_dir, target, tlen));
+#else
+ return (_rl_char_search_internal (count, _rl_cs_dir, target));
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Match brackets */
+int
+rl_vi_match (ignore, key)
+ int ignore, key;
+{
+ int count = 1, brack, pos, tmp, pre;
+
+ pos = rl_point;
+ if ((brack = rl_vi_bracktype (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) == 0)
+ {
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && rl_byte_oriented == 0)
+ {
+ while ((brack = rl_vi_bracktype (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) == 0)
+ {
+ pre = rl_point;
+ rl_forward_char (1, key);
+ if (pre == rl_point)
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ while ((brack = rl_vi_bracktype (rl_line_buffer[rl_point])) == 0 &&
+ rl_point < rl_end - 1)
+ rl_forward_char (1, key);
+
+ if (brack <= 0)
+ {
+ rl_point = pos;
+ rl_ding ();
+ return -1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ pos = rl_point;
+
+ if (brack < 0)
+ {
+ while (count)
+ {
+ tmp = pos;
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX == 1 || rl_byte_oriented)
+ pos--;
+ else
+ {
+ pos = _rl_find_prev_mbchar (rl_line_buffer, pos, MB_FIND_ANY);
+ if (tmp == pos)
+ pos--;
+ }
+ if (pos >= 0)
+ {
+ int b = rl_vi_bracktype (rl_line_buffer[pos]);
+ if (b == -brack)
+ count--;
+ else if (b == brack)
+ count++;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return -1;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ { /* brack > 0 */
+ while (count)
+ {
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX == 1 || rl_byte_oriented)
+ pos++;
+ else
+ pos = _rl_find_next_mbchar (rl_line_buffer, pos, 1, MB_FIND_ANY);
+
+ if (pos < rl_end)
+ {
+ int b = rl_vi_bracktype (rl_line_buffer[pos]);
+ if (b == -brack)
+ count--;
+ else if (b == brack)
+ count++;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return -1;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ rl_point = pos;
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_bracktype (c)
+ int c;
+{
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ case '(': return 1;
+ case ')': return -1;
+ case '[': return 2;
+ case ']': return -2;
+ case '{': return 3;
+ case '}': return -3;
+ default: return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+static int
+_rl_vi_change_char (count, c, mb)
+ int count, c;
+ char *mb;
+{
+ int p;
+
+ if (c == '\033' || c == CTRL ('C'))
+ return -1;
+
+ rl_begin_undo_group ();
+ while (count-- && rl_point < rl_end)
+ {
+ p = rl_point;
+ rl_vi_delete (1, c);
+ if (rl_point < p) /* Did we retreat at EOL? */
+ rl_point++;
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && rl_byte_oriented == 0)
+ rl_insert_text (mb);
+ else
+#endif
+ _rl_insert_char (1, c);
+ }
+
+ /* The cursor shall be left on the last character changed. */
+ rl_backward_char (1, c);
+
+ rl_end_undo_group ();
+
+ return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+_rl_vi_callback_getchar (mb, mlen)
+ char *mb;
+ int mlen;
+{
+ int c;
+
+ RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+ c = rl_read_key ();
+ RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+
+ if (c < 0)
+ return -1;
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE)
+ if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1 && rl_byte_oriented == 0)
+ c = _rl_read_mbstring (c, mb, mlen);
+#endif
+
+ return c;
+}
+
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+static int
+_rl_vi_callback_change_char (data)
+ _rl_callback_generic_arg *data;
+{
+ int c;
+ char mb[MB_LEN_MAX];
+
+ _rl_vi_last_replacement = c = _rl_vi_callback_getchar (mb, MB_LEN_MAX);
+
+ if (c < 0)
+ return -1;
+
+ _rl_callback_func = 0;
+ _rl_want_redisplay = 1;
+
+ return (_rl_vi_change_char (data->count, c, mb));
+}
+#endif
+
+int
+rl_vi_change_char (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ int c;
+ char mb[MB_LEN_MAX];
+
+ if (vi_redoing)
+ {
+ c = _rl_vi_last_replacement;
+ mb[0] = c;
+ mb[1] = '\0';
+ }
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
+ {
+ _rl_callback_data = _rl_callback_data_alloc (count);
+ _rl_callback_func = _rl_vi_callback_change_char;
+ return (0);
+ }
+#endif
+ else
+ _rl_vi_last_replacement = c = _rl_vi_callback_getchar (mb, MB_LEN_MAX);
+
+ if (c < 0)
+ return -1;
+
+ return (_rl_vi_change_char (count, c, mb));
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_subst (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ /* If we are redoing, rl_vi_change_to will stuff the last motion char */
+ if (vi_redoing == 0)
+ rl_stuff_char ((key == 'S') ? 'c' : 'l'); /* `S' == `cc', `s' == `cl' */
+
+ return (rl_vi_change_to (count, 'c'));
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_overstrike (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ if (_rl_vi_doing_insert == 0)
+ {
+ _rl_vi_doing_insert = 1;
+ rl_begin_undo_group ();
+ }
+
+ if (count > 0)
+ {
+ _rl_overwrite_char (count, key);
+ vi_replace_count += count;
+ }
+
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_overstrike_delete (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ int i, s;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+ {
+ if (vi_replace_count == 0)
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ break;
+ }
+ s = rl_point;
+
+ if (rl_do_undo ())
+ vi_replace_count--;
+
+ if (rl_point == s)
+ rl_backward_char (1, key);
+ }
+
+ if (vi_replace_count == 0 && _rl_vi_doing_insert)
+ {
+ rl_end_undo_group ();
+ rl_do_undo ();
+ _rl_vi_doing_insert = 0;
+ }
+ return (0);
+}
+
+int
+rl_vi_replace (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+ int i;
+
+ vi_replace_count = 0;
+
+ if (!vi_replace_map)
+ {
+ vi_replace_map = rl_make_bare_keymap ();
+
+ for (i = ' '; i < KEYMAP_SIZE; i++)
+ vi_replace_map[i].function = rl_vi_overstrike;
+
+ vi_replace_map[RUBOUT].function = rl_vi_overstrike_delete;
+ vi_replace_map[ESC].function = rl_vi_movement_mode;
+ vi_replace_map[RETURN].function = rl_newline;
+ vi_replace_map[NEWLINE].function = rl_newline;
+
+ /* If the normal vi insertion keymap has ^H bound to erase, do the
+ same here. Probably should remove the assignment to RUBOUT up
+ there, but I don't think it will make a difference in real life. */
+ if (vi_insertion_keymap[CTRL ('H')].type == ISFUNC &&
+ vi_insertion_keymap[CTRL ('H')].function == rl_rubout)
+ vi_replace_map[CTRL ('H')].function = rl_vi_overstrike_delete;
+
+ }
+ _rl_keymap = vi_replace_map;
+ return (0);
+}
+
+#if 0
+/* Try to complete the word we are standing on or the word that ends with
+ the previous character. A space matches everything. Word delimiters are
+ space and ;. */
+int
+rl_vi_possible_completions()
+{
+ int save_pos = rl_point;
+
+ if (rl_line_buffer[rl_point] != ' ' && rl_line_buffer[rl_point] != ';')
+ {
+ while (rl_point < rl_end && rl_line_buffer[rl_point] != ' ' &&
+ rl_line_buffer[rl_point] != ';')
+ rl_point++;
+ }
+ else if (rl_line_buffer[rl_point - 1] == ';')
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return (0);
+ }
+
+ rl_possible_completions ();
+ rl_point = save_pos;
+
+ return (0);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Functions to save and restore marks. */
+static int
+_rl_vi_set_mark ()
+{
+ int ch;
+
+ RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+ ch = rl_read_key ();
+ RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+
+ if (ch < 0 || ch < 'a' || ch > 'z') /* make test against 0 explicit */
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return -1;
+ }
+ ch -= 'a';
+ vi_mark_chars[ch] = rl_point;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+static int
+_rl_vi_callback_set_mark (data)
+ _rl_callback_generic_arg *data;
+{
+ _rl_callback_func = 0;
+ _rl_want_redisplay = 1;
+
+ return (_rl_vi_set_mark ());
+}
+#endif
+
+int
+rl_vi_set_mark (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
+ {
+ _rl_callback_data = 0;
+ _rl_callback_func = _rl_vi_callback_set_mark;
+ return (0);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ return (_rl_vi_set_mark ());
+}
+
+static int
+_rl_vi_goto_mark ()
+{
+ int ch;
+
+ RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+ ch = rl_read_key ();
+ RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+
+ if (ch == '`')
+ {
+ rl_point = rl_mark;
+ return 0;
+ }
+ else if (ch < 0 || ch < 'a' || ch > 'z') /* make test against 0 explicit */
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return -1;
+ }
+
+ ch -= 'a';
+ if (vi_mark_chars[ch] == -1)
+ {
+ rl_ding ();
+ return -1;
+ }
+ rl_point = vi_mark_chars[ch];
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+static int
+_rl_vi_callback_goto_mark (data)
+ _rl_callback_generic_arg *data;
+{
+ _rl_callback_func = 0;
+ _rl_want_redisplay = 1;
+
+ return (_rl_vi_goto_mark ());
+}
+#endif
+
+int
+rl_vi_goto_mark (count, key)
+ int count, key;
+{
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
+ {
+ _rl_callback_data = 0;
+ _rl_callback_func = _rl_vi_callback_goto_mark;
+ return (0);
+ }
+#endif
+
+ return (_rl_vi_goto_mark ());
+}
+#endif /* VI_MODE */
static int _rl_vi_callback_char_search PARAMS((_rl_callback_generic_arg *));
#endif
+static int rl_domove_read_callback PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
+static int rl_domove_motion_callback PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
+static int rl_vi_domove_getchar PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
+
static int vi_change_dispatch PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
static int vi_delete_dispatch PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
static int vi_yank_dispatch PARAMS((_rl_vimotion_cxt *));
return (0);
}
-int
-rl_vi_domove (key, nextkey)
- int key, *nextkey;
+/* Process C as part of the current numeric argument. Return -1 if the
+ argument should be aborted, 0 if we should not read any more chars, and
+ 1 if we should continue to read chars. */
+static int
+_rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c)
+ int c;
{
- int c, save;
- int old_end;
-
- rl_mark = rl_point;
- RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
- c = rl_read_key ();
- RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+ int key;
- if (c < 0)
+ key = c;
+ if (c >= 0 && _rl_keymap[c].type == ISFUNC && _rl_keymap[c].function == rl_universal_argument)
{
- *nextkey = 0;
- return -1;
+ rl_numeric_arg *= 4;
+ return 1;
}
- *nextkey = c;
+ c = UNMETA (c);
- if (!member (c, vi_motion))
+ if (_rl_digit_p (c))
{
- if (_rl_digit_p (c))
- {
- save = rl_numeric_arg;
- rl_numeric_arg = _rl_digit_value (c);
- rl_explicit_arg = 1;
- RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG|RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
- rl_digit_loop1 ();
- RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
- rl_numeric_arg *= save;
- RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
- c = rl_read_key (); /* real command */
- RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
- if (c < 0)
- {
- *nextkey = 0;
- return -1;
- }
- *nextkey = c;
- }
- else if (key == c && (key == 'd' || key == 'y' || key == 'c'))
- {
- rl_mark = rl_end;
- rl_beg_of_line (1, c);
- _rl_vi_last_motion = c;
- return (0);
- }
+ if (rl_explicit_arg)
+ rl_numeric_arg = (rl_numeric_arg * 10) + _rl_digit_value (c);
else
- return (-1);
+ rl_numeric_arg = _rl_digit_value (c);
+ rl_explicit_arg = 1;
+ return 1; /* keep going */
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ rl_clear_message ();
+ rl_stuff_char (key);
+ return 0; /* done */
}
+}
+
+/* A simplified loop for vi. Don't dispatch key at end.
+ Don't recognize minus sign?
+ Should this do rl_save_prompt/rl_restore_prompt? */
+static int
+rl_digit_loop1 ()
+{
+ int c, r;
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ if (_rl_arg_overflow ())
+ return 1;
+
+ c = _rl_arg_getchar ();
+
+ r = _rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c);
+ if (r <= 0)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_NUMERICARG);
+ return (0);
+}
+
+static void
+_rl_mvcxt_init (m, op, key)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
+ int op, key;
+{
+ m->op = op;
+ m->state = m->flags = 0;
+ m->ncxt = 0;
+ m->numeric_arg = -1;
+ m->start = rl_point;
+ m->end = rl_end;
+ m->key = key;
+ m->motion = -1;
+}
+
+static _rl_vimotion_cxt *
+_rl_mvcxt_alloc (op, key)
+ int op, key;
+{
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
- _rl_vi_last_motion = c;
+ m = xmalloc (sizeof (_rl_vimotion_cxt));
+ _rl_mvcxt_init (m, op, key);
+ return m;
+}
+
+static void
+_rl_mvcxt_dispose (m)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
+{
+ free (m);
+}
+
+static int
+rl_domove_motion_callback (m)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
+{
+ int c, key, save, r;
+ int old_end;
+
+ _rl_vi_last_motion = c = m->motion;
/* Append a blank character temporarily so that the motion routines
work right at the end of the line. */
if (rl_mark < rl_point)
SWAP (rl_point, rl_mark);
- return (0);
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
+ (*rl_redisplay_function)(); /* make sure motion is displayed */
+#endif
+
+ r = vidomove_dispatch (m);
+
+ return (r);
}
-/* Process C as part of the current numeric argument. Return -1 if the
- argument should be aborted, 0 if we should not read any more chars, and
- 1 if we should continue to read chars. */
+#define RL_VIMOVENUMARG() (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION) && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG))
+
static int
-_rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c)
- int c;
+rl_domove_read_callback (m)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
{
- int key;
+ int c, save;
- key = c;
- if (c >= 0 && _rl_keymap[c].type == ISFUNC && _rl_keymap[c].function == rl_universal_argument)
+ c = m->motion;
+
+ if (member (c, vi_motion))
{
- rl_numeric_arg *= 4;
- return 1;
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ /* If we just read a vi-mode motion command numeric argument, turn off
+ the `reading numeric arg' state */
+ if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK) && RL_VIMOVENUMARG())
+ RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG);
+#endif
+ /* Should do everything, including turning off RL_STATE_VIMOTION */
+ return (rl_domove_motion_callback (m));
}
-
- c = UNMETA (c);
-
- if (_rl_digit_p (c))
+ else if (m->key == c && (m->key == 'd' || m->key == 'y' || m->key == 'c'))
{
- if (rl_explicit_arg)
- rl_numeric_arg = (rl_numeric_arg * 10) + _rl_digit_value (c);
- else
- rl_numeric_arg = _rl_digit_value (c);
+ rl_mark = rl_end;
+ rl_beg_of_line (1, c);
+ _rl_vi_last_motion = c;
+ RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
+ return (0);
+ }
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ /* Reading vi motion char continuing numeric argument */
+ else if (_rl_digit_p (c) && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK) && RL_VIMOVENUMARG())
+ {
+ return (_rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c));
+ }
+ /* Readine vi motion char starting numeric argument */
+ else if (_rl_digit_p (c) && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK) && RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION) && (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG) == 0))
+ {
+ RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG);
+ return (_rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c));
+ }
+#endif
+ else if (_rl_digit_p (c))
+ {
+ /* This code path taken when not in callback mode */
+ save = rl_numeric_arg;
+ rl_numeric_arg = _rl_digit_value (c);
rl_explicit_arg = 1;
- return 1;
+ RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_NUMERICARG);
+ rl_digit_loop1 ();
+ rl_numeric_arg *= save;
+ c = rl_vi_domove_getchar (m);
+ if (c < 0)
+ {
+ m->motion = 0;
+ return -1;
+ }
+ m->motion = c;
+ return (rl_domove_motion_callback (m));
}
else
{
- rl_clear_message ();
- rl_stuff_char (key);
- return 0;
+ RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
+ return (1);
}
}
-/* A simplified loop for vi. Don't dispatch key at end.
- Don't recognize minus sign?
- Should this do rl_save_prompt/rl_restore_prompt? */
static int
-rl_digit_loop1 ()
+rl_vi_domove_getchar (m)
+ _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
{
- int c, r;
-
- while (1)
- {
- if (_rl_arg_overflow ())
- return 1;
-
- c = _rl_arg_getchar ();
+ int c;
- r = _rl_vi_arg_dispatch (c);
- if (r <= 0)
- break;
- }
+ RL_SETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
+ c = rl_read_key ();
+ RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_MOREINPUT);
- RL_UNSETSTATE(RL_STATE_NUMERICARG);
- return (0);
+ return c;
}
-static void
-_rl_mvcxt_init (m, op, key)
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+int
+_rl_vi_domove_callback (m)
_rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
- int op, key;
{
- m->op = op;
- m->state = m->flags = 0;
- m->ncxt = 0;
- m->numeric_arg = -1;
- m->start = rl_point;
- m->end = rl_end;
- m->key = key;
- m->motion = -1;
+ int c, r;
+
+ m->motion = c = rl_vi_domove_getchar (m);
+ /* XXX - what to do if this returns -1? Should we return 1 for eof to
+ callback code? */
+ r = rl_domove_read_callback (m);
+
+ return ((r == 0) ? r : 1); /* normalize return values */
}
+#endif
-static _rl_vimotion_cxt *
-_rl_mvcxt_alloc (op, key)
- int op, key;
+/* This code path taken when not in callback mode. */
+int
+rl_vi_domove (x, ignore)
+ int x, *ignore;
{
+ int r;
_rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
- m = xmalloc (sizeof (_rl_vimotion_cxt));
- _rl_mvcxt_init (m, op, key);
- return m;
-}
+ *ignore = m->motion = rl_vi_domove_getchar (m = _rl_vimvcxt);
-static void
-_rl_mvcxt_dispose (m)
- _rl_vimotion_cxt *m;
-{
- free (m);
-}
+ if (m->motion < 0)
+ {
+ m->motion = 0;
+ return -1;
+ }
-/*
- * 1. Create context, set initial values
- * 2. Pass to rl_vi_domove to populate
- * 3. Use returned context to finish rest of command
- *
- * Context:
- * op
- * state
- * flags
- * numeric arg
- * start, end positions
- * initial key (key), motion key (c)
- */
+ return (rl_domove_read_callback (m));
+}
static int
vi_delete_dispatch (m)
{
int c, r;
- if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
- rl_stuff_char ('$');
- else if (vi_redoing)
- rl_stuff_char (_rl_vi_last_motion);
-
_rl_vimvcxt = _rl_mvcxt_alloc (VIM_DELETE, key);
_rl_vimvcxt->start = rl_point;
- /* XXX -- TODO -- pass and use context in rl_vi_domove */
- if (rl_vi_domove (key, &c))
+ rl_mark = rl_point;
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
+ {
+ _rl_vimvcxt->motion = '$';
+ r = rl_domove_motion_callback (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ }
+ else if (vi_redoing)
+ {
+ _rl_vimvcxt->motion = _rl_vi_last_motion;
+ r = rl_domove_motion_callback (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ }
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
+ {
+ RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
+ return (0);
+ }
+#endif
+ else
+ r = rl_vi_domove (key, &c);
+
+ if (r < 0)
{
rl_ding ();
- return -1;
+ r = -1;
}
- _rl_vimvcxt->motion = c;
- r = vidomove_dispatch (_rl_vimvcxt);
_rl_mvcxt_dispose (_rl_vimvcxt);
_rl_vimvcxt = 0;
+
return r;
}
{
int c, r;
- if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
- rl_stuff_char ('$');
- else if (vi_redoing)
- rl_stuff_char (_rl_vi_last_motion);
-
_rl_vimvcxt = _rl_mvcxt_alloc (VIM_CHANGE, key);
_rl_vimvcxt->start = rl_point;
- /* XXX -- TODO -- pass and use context in rl_vi_domove */
- if (rl_vi_domove (key, &c))
+ rl_mark = rl_point;
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
+ {
+ _rl_vimvcxt->motion = '$';
+ r = rl_domove_motion_callback (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ }
+ else if (vi_redoing)
+ {
+ _rl_vimvcxt->motion = _rl_vi_last_motion;
+ r = rl_domove_motion_callback (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ }
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
+ {
+ RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
+ return (0);
+ }
+#endif
+ else
+ r = rl_vi_domove (key, &c);
+
+ if (r < 0)
{
rl_ding ();
- return -1;
+ r = -1; /* normalize return value */
}
- _rl_vimvcxt->motion = c;
- r = vidomove_dispatch (_rl_vimvcxt);
_rl_mvcxt_dispose (_rl_vimvcxt);
_rl_vimvcxt = 0;
+
return r;
}
{
int c, r;
- if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
- rl_stuff_char ('$');
-
_rl_vimvcxt = _rl_mvcxt_alloc (VIM_YANK, key);
_rl_vimvcxt->start = rl_point;
- /* XXX -- TODO -- pass and use context in rl_vi_domove */
- if (rl_vi_domove (key, &c))
+ rl_mark = rl_point;
+ if (_rl_uppercase_p (key))
+ {
+ _rl_vimvcxt->motion = '$';
+ r = rl_domove_motion_callback (_rl_vimvcxt);
+ }
+#if defined (READLINE_CALLBACKS)
+ else if (RL_ISSTATE (RL_STATE_CALLBACK))
+ {
+ RL_SETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
+ return (0);
+ }
+#endif
+ else
+ r = rl_vi_domove (key, &c);
+
+ if (r < 0)
{
rl_ding ();
- return -1;
+ r = -1;
}
- _rl_vimvcxt->motion = c;
- r = vidomove_dispatch (_rl_vimvcxt);
_rl_mvcxt_dispose (_rl_vimvcxt);
_rl_vimvcxt = 0;
+
return r;
}
switch (m->op)
{
case VIM_DELETE:
- r = vi_delete_callback (m);
+ r = vi_delete_dispatch (m);
break;
case VIM_CHANGE:
- r = vi_change_callback (m);
+ r = vi_change_dispatch (m);
break;
case VIM_YANK:
- r = vi_yank_callback (m);
+ r = vi_yank_dispatch (m);
break;
default:
- fprintf (stderr, "vidomove_dispatch: unknown operator %d", m->op);
+ _rl_errmsg ("vidomove_dispatch: unknown operator %d", m->op);
r = 1;
break;
}
+ RL_UNSETSTATE (RL_STATE_VIMOTION);
return r;
}
mktime.c strftime.c mbschr.c zcatfd.c zmapfd.c winsize.c eaccess.c \
wcsdup.c fpurge.c zgetline.c mbscmp.c uconvert.c ufuncs.c \
casemod.c dprintf.c input_avail.c mbscasecmp.c fnxform.c \
- strchrnul.c unicode.c
+ strchrnul.c unicode.c wcswidth.c
# The header files for this library.
HSOURCES =
ufuncs.o: ufuncs.c
vprint.o: vprint.c
wcsdup.o: wcsdup.c
+wcswidth.o: wcswidth.c
mbschr.o: mbschr.c
zcatfd.o: zcatfd.c
zmapfd.o: zmapfd.c
ufuncs.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
vprint.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
wcsdup.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
+wcswidth.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
mbschr.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
zcatfd.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
zgetline.o: ${BUILD_DIR}/config.h
wcsdup.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
wcsdup.o: ${topdir}/xmalloc.h
+wcswidth.o: ${topdir}/bashansi.h ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
+wcswidth.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/stdc.h
+
mbschr.o: ${topdir}/bashansi.h
mbschr.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/ansi_stdlib.h
mbschr.o: ${BASHINCDIR}/shmbutil.h
# Makefile for the Bash library
#
#
-# Copyright (C) 1998-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# Copyright (C) 1998-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
mktime.c strftime.c mbschr.c zcatfd.c zmapfd.c winsize.c eaccess.c \
wcsdup.c fpurge.c zgetline.c mbscmp.c uconvert.c ufuncs.c \
casemod.c dprintf.c input_avail.c mbscasecmp.c fnxform.c \
- strchrnul.c
+ strchrnul.c unicode.c
# The header files for this library.
HSOURCES =
strtrans.o snprintf.o mailstat.o fmtulong.o \
fmtullong.o fmtumax.o zcatfd.o zmapfd.o winsize.o wcsdup.o \
fpurge.o zgetline.o mbscmp.o uconvert.o ufuncs.o casemod.o \
- input_avail.o mbscasecmp.o fnxform.o ${LIBOBJS}
+ input_avail.o mbscasecmp.o fnxform.o unicode.o ${LIBOBJS}
SUPPORT = Makefile
--- /dev/null
+/* wcswidth.c - compute display width of wide character string */
+
+/* Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
+
+ Bash is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ Bash is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with Bash. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+#include <config.h>
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) && !defined (HAVE_WCSWIDTH)
+
+#include <stdc.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
+#include <bashansi.h>
+
+int
+wcswidth(pwcs, n)
+ const wchar_t *pwcs;
+ size_t n;
+{
+ wchar_t wc;
+ int len, l;
+
+ len = 0;
+ while (n-- > 0 && (wc = *pwcs++) != L'\0')
+ {
+ if ((l = wcwidth(wc)) < 0)
+ return (-1);
+ len += l;
+ }
+ return (len);
+}
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+#include <config.h>
+
+#if defined (HANDLE_MULTIBYTE) && !defined (HAVE_WCSWIDTH)
+
+#include <stdc.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
+#include <bashansi.h>
+
+int
+wcswidth(pwcs, n)
+ const wchar_t *pwcs;
+ size_t n;
+{
+ wchar_t wc;
+ int len, l;
+
+ len = 0;
+ while (n-- > 0 && (wc = *pwcs++) != L'\0')
+ {
+ if ((l = wcwidth(wc)) < 0)
+ return (-1);
+ len += l;
+ }
+ return (len);
+}
+
# Set of available languages.
-en@quot en@boldquot af bg ca cs de eo es et fi fr ga hu id ja lt nl pl pt_BR ro ru sk sv tr vi zh_CN zh_TW
+en@quot en@boldquot af bg ca cs de eo es et fi fr ga hu id ja lt nl pl pt_BR ro ru sk sv tr uk vi zh_CN zh_TW
--- /dev/null
+# Bash Ukrainian messages
+# Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the bash package.
+# Myhailo Danylenko <isbear@ukrpost.net>, 2009.
+# Maxim V. Dziumanenko <dziumanenko@gmail.com>, 2010.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: bash 4.1\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-12-30 08:25-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-06-01 14:53+0300\n"
+"Last-Translator: Maxim V. Dziumanenko <dziumanenko@gmail.com>\n"
+"Language-Team: Ukrainian <translation-team-uk@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2;\n"
+
+#: arrayfunc.c:50
+msgid "bad array subscript"
+msgstr "неправильний індекс масиву"
+
+#: arrayfunc.c:313 builtins/declare.def:481
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot convert indexed to associative array"
+msgstr "%s: неможливо перетворити індексований масив на асоціативний"
+
+#: arrayfunc.c:480
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid associative array key"
+msgstr "%s: неправильний ключ асоціативного масиву"
+
+#: arrayfunc.c:482
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot assign to non-numeric index"
+msgstr "%s: означення нечислових елементів неможливе"
+
+#: arrayfunc.c:518
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s: must use subscript when assigning associative array"
+msgstr "%s: %s: при означенні асоціативних масивів потрібно вказувати ключ"
+
+#: bashhist.c:383
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot create: %s"
+msgstr "%s: не вдається створити: %s"
+
+#: bashline.c:3457
+msgid "bash_execute_unix_command: cannot find keymap for command"
+msgstr "bash_execute_unix_command: не вдається знайти відповідне призначення для команди"
+
+#: bashline.c:3543
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: first non-whitespace character is not `\"'"
+msgstr "%s: перший непробільний символ не є `\"'"
+
+# c-format
+#: bashline.c:3572
+#, c-format
+msgid "no closing `%c' in %s"
+msgstr "нема заключної `%c' у %s"
+
+#: bashline.c:3606
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: missing colon separator"
+msgstr "%s: пропущено двокрапку-роздільник"
+
+#: builtins/alias.def:132
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "`%s': invalid alias name"
+msgstr "`%s': неправильна назва набору призначень клавіш"
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:120 builtins/bind.def:123
+msgid "line editing not enabled"
+msgstr "редагування рядку не ввімкнено"
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:206
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': invalid keymap name"
+msgstr "`%s': неправильна назва набору призначень клавіш"
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:245
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot read: %s"
+msgstr "%s: не вдається прочитати: %s"
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:260
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': cannot unbind"
+msgstr "`%s': не вдається зняти призначення"
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:295 builtins/bind.def:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': unknown function name"
+msgstr "`%s': невідома назва функції"
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:303
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is not bound to any keys.\n"
+msgstr "%s не призначено жодної клавіші.\n"
+
+#: builtins/bind.def:307
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s can be invoked via "
+msgstr "%s можна запустити за допомогою "
+
+#: builtins/break.def:77 builtins/break.def:117
+msgid "loop count"
+msgstr "кількість циклів"
+
+#: builtins/break.def:137
+msgid "only meaningful in a `for', `while', or `until' loop"
+msgstr "має сенс лише усередині циклів `for', `while' та `until'"
+
+#: builtins/caller.def:133
+msgid ""
+"Returns the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
+" \n"
+" Without EXPR, returns "
+msgstr ""
+"Повертає контекст поточної підпрограми.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо EXPR не вказано, повертає "
+
+#: builtins/caller.def:135
+msgid ""
+". With EXPR, returns\n"
+" "
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/caller.def:136
+msgid ""
+"; this extra information can be used to\n"
+" provide a stack trace.\n"
+" \n"
+" The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the\n"
+" current one; the top frame is frame 0."
+msgstr ""
+
+#: builtins/cd.def:215
+msgid "HOME not set"
+msgstr "змінну HOME не встановлено"
+
+#: builtins/cd.def:227
+msgid "OLDPWD not set"
+msgstr "змінну OLDPWD не встановлено"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:101
+#, c-format
+msgid "line %d: "
+msgstr "рядок %d: "
+
+#: builtins/common.c:139 error.c:261
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: "
+msgstr "попередження: "
+
+#: builtins/common.c:153
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: usage: "
+msgstr "%s: використовуйте: "
+
+#: builtins/common.c:166 test.c:827
+msgid "too many arguments"
+msgstr "забагато аргументів"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:191 shell.c:499 shell.c:782
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: option requires an argument"
+msgstr "%s: параметр потребує аргументу"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:198
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: numeric argument required"
+msgstr "%s: потрібен числовий аргумент"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:205
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not found"
+msgstr "%s: не знайдено"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:214 shell.c:795
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid option"
+msgstr "%s: неправильний параметр"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:221
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid option name"
+msgstr "%s: невірна назва параметру"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:228 general.c:231 general.c:236
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': not a valid identifier"
+msgstr "`%s': неправильний ідентифікатор"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:238
+msgid "invalid octal number"
+msgstr "неправильне вісімкове число"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:240
+msgid "invalid hex number"
+msgstr "неправильне шістнадцяткове число"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:242 expr.c:1256
+msgid "invalid number"
+msgstr "неправильне число"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:250
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid signal specification"
+msgstr "%s: сигнал вказано невірно"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:257
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': not a pid or valid job spec"
+msgstr "`%s': не є ідентифікатором процесу чи завдання"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:264 error.c:454
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: readonly variable"
+msgstr "%s: змінна призначена лише для читання"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:272
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s out of range"
+msgstr "%s: %s виходить за встановлені межі"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:272 builtins/common.c:274
+msgid "argument"
+msgstr "аргумент"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:274
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s out of range"
+msgstr "%s виходить за встановлені межі"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:282
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: no such job"
+msgstr "%s: нема такого завдання"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: no job control"
+msgstr "%s: керування завданнями не ввімкнене"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:292
+msgid "no job control"
+msgstr "керування завданнями не ввімкнене"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:302
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: restricted"
+msgstr "%s: заборонено обмеженнями"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:304
+msgid "restricted"
+msgstr "заборонено обмеженнями"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:312
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not a shell builtin"
+msgstr "%s: не є вбудованою командою оболонки"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:321
+#, c-format
+msgid "write error: %s"
+msgstr "помилка запису: %s"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:329
+#, c-format
+msgid "error setting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr "помилка встановлення параметрів терміналу: %s"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "error getting terminal attributes: %s"
+msgstr "помилка отримання параметрів терміналу: %s"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:563
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: error retrieving current directory: %s: %s\n"
+msgstr "%s: помилка отримання поточної директорії: %s: %s\n"
+
+#: builtins/common.c:629 builtins/common.c:631
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: ambiguous job spec"
+msgstr "%s: завдання вказано неоднозначно"
+
+#: builtins/complete.def:276
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid action name"
+msgstr "%s: неправильна назва дії"
+
+#: builtins/complete.def:449 builtins/complete.def:644
+#: builtins/complete.def:853
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: no completion specification"
+msgstr "%s: не вказана специфіцкація завершення"
+
+#: builtins/complete.def:696
+msgid "warning: -F option may not work as you expect"
+msgstr "попередження: можливо параметр -F працює не так, як ви очікуєте"
+
+#: builtins/complete.def:698
+msgid "warning: -C option may not work as you expect"
+msgstr "попередження: можливо параметр -C працює не так, як ви очікуєте"
+
+#: builtins/complete.def:826
+msgid "not currently executing completion function"
+msgstr "наразі функція завершення рядку не виконується"
+
+#: builtins/declare.def:122
+msgid "can only be used in a function"
+msgstr "може використовуватися лише усередині функції"
+
+#: builtins/declare.def:360
+msgid "cannot use `-f' to make functions"
+msgstr "`-f' не використовується для створення функцій"
+
+#: builtins/declare.def:372 execute_cmd.c:4937
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: readonly function"
+msgstr "%s: незмінна функція"
+
+#: builtins/declare.def:468
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot destroy array variables in this way"
+msgstr "%s: неможливо знищити масив таким чином"
+
+#: builtins/declare.def:475
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot convert associative to indexed array"
+msgstr "%s: неможливо перетворити асоціативний масив на індексований"
+
+#: builtins/enable.def:137 builtins/enable.def:145
+msgid "dynamic loading not available"
+msgstr "динамічне завантаження недоступне"
+
+#: builtins/enable.def:312
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open shared object %s: %s"
+msgstr "не вдається відкрити колективний об’єкт %s: %s"
+
+#: builtins/enable.def:335
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot find %s in shared object %s: %s"
+msgstr "не вдається знайти %s у колективному об’єкті %s: %s"
+
+#: builtins/enable.def:459
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not dynamically loaded"
+msgstr "%s: завантажений не динамічно"
+
+#: builtins/enable.def:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot delete: %s"
+msgstr "%s: не вдається вилучити: %s"
+
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:134 builtins/hash.def:169 execute_cmd.c:4794
+#: shell.c:1452
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: is a directory"
+msgstr "%s: це директорія"
+
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:139
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not a regular file"
+msgstr "%s: не є звичайним файлом"
+
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:147
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: file is too large"
+msgstr "%s: файл завеликий"
+
+#: builtins/evalfile.c:185 builtins/evalfile.c:203 execute_cmd.c:4864
+#: shell.c:1462
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot execute binary file"
+msgstr "%s: не вдається виконати бінарний файл"
+
+#: builtins/exec.def:212
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot execute: %s"
+msgstr "%s: не вдається виконати: %s"
+
+#: builtins/exit.def:65
+#, c-format
+msgid "logout\n"
+msgstr "вихід\n"
+
+#: builtins/exit.def:88
+msgid "not login shell: use `exit'"
+msgstr "це не оболонка сеансу: використовуйте `exit'"
+
+#: builtins/exit.def:120
+#, c-format
+msgid "There are stopped jobs.\n"
+msgstr "Залишилися призупинені завдання.\n"
+
+#: builtins/exit.def:122
+#, c-format
+msgid "There are running jobs.\n"
+msgstr "Фонові завдання все ще виконуються.\n"
+
+#: builtins/fc.def:262
+msgid "no command found"
+msgstr "команду не знайдено"
+
+#: builtins/fc.def:349
+msgid "history specification"
+msgstr "параметри історії"
+
+#: builtins/fc.def:370
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot open temp file: %s"
+msgstr "%s: не вдається відкрити тимчасовий файл: %s"
+
+#: builtins/fg_bg.def:149 builtins/jobs.def:282
+msgid "current"
+msgstr "поточне"
+
+#: builtins/fg_bg.def:158
+#, c-format
+msgid "job %d started without job control"
+msgstr "завдання %d запущене без контролю завдань"
+
+#: builtins/getopt.c:110
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: illegal option -- %c\n"
+msgstr "%s: неправильний параметр — %c\n"
+
+#: builtins/getopt.c:111
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n"
+msgstr "%s: параметр потребує аргументу — %c\n"
+
+#: builtins/hash.def:92
+msgid "hashing disabled"
+msgstr "кешування вимкнене"
+
+#: builtins/hash.def:138
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: hash table empty\n"
+msgstr "%s: в кеші нічого немає\n"
+
+#: builtins/hash.def:244
+#, c-format
+msgid "hits\tcommand\n"
+msgstr "влучень\tкоманда\n"
+
+#: builtins/help.def:130
+#, c-format
+msgid "Shell commands matching keyword `"
+msgid_plural "Shell commands matching keywords `"
+msgstr[0] "Команди оболонки, що відповідають слову `"
+msgstr[1] "Команди оболонки, що відповідають словам `"
+msgstr[2] "Команди оболонки, що відповідають словам `"
+
+#: builtins/help.def:168
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "no help topics match `%s'. Try `help help' or `man -k %s' or `info %s'."
+msgstr "`%s' не відповідає жодного розділу довідки. Спробуйте `help help' чи `man -k %s' або `info %s'."
+
+#: builtins/help.def:185
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot open: %s"
+msgstr "%s: не вдається відкрити: %s"
+
+#: builtins/help.def:337
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid ""
+"These shell commands are defined internally. Type `help' to see this list.\n"
+"Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.\n"
+"Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.\n"
+"Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list.\n"
+"\n"
+"A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.\n"
+"\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Ці команди оболонки визначені внутрішньо. Введіть `help', щоб побачити їх список.\n"
+"Введіть `help name', щоб дізнатися більше про функцію `name'.\n"
+"Використовуйте `info bash', щоб отримати більше інформації про оболонку в цілому.\n"
+"`man -k' чи `info' можуть стати в нагоді для довідки стосовно команд, що не є в цьому списку.\n"
+"\n"
+"Зірочка (*) поряд з назвою команди означає, що команда заборонена.\n"
+"\n"
+
+#: builtins/history.def:154
+msgid "cannot use more than one of -anrw"
+msgstr "-anrw можуть зустрічатися лише один раз"
+
+#: builtins/history.def:186
+msgid "history position"
+msgstr "позиція у історії команд"
+
+#: builtins/history.def:365
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: history expansion failed"
+msgstr "%s: невдалий пошук по історії команд"
+
+#: builtins/inlib.def:71
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: inlib failed"
+msgstr "%s: помилка inlib"
+
+#: builtins/jobs.def:109
+msgid "no other options allowed with `-x'"
+msgstr "не можна використовувати інші параметри разом з `-x'"
+
+#: builtins/kill.def:200
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: arguments must be process or job IDs"
+msgstr "%s: аргументи мають бути ідентифікаторами завдань чи процесів"
+
+#: builtins/kill.def:263
+msgid "Unknown error"
+msgstr "Невідома помилка"
+
+#: builtins/let.def:95 builtins/let.def:120 expr.c:501 expr.c:516
+msgid "expression expected"
+msgstr "очікувався вираз"
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:165
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "%s: not an indexed array"
+msgstr "%s: не є масивом"
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:249 builtins/read.def:279
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid file descriptor specification"
+msgstr "%s: неправильно вказаний дескриптор файлу"
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:257 builtins/read.def:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "%d: invalid file descriptor: %s"
+msgstr "%d: неправильний дескриптор файлу: %s"
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:266 builtins/mapfile.def:304
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid line count"
+msgstr "%s: неправильна кількість рядків"
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:277
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid array origin"
+msgstr "%s: неправильний початковий індекс"
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:294
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid callback quantum"
+msgstr "%s: неправильний крок виклику функції"
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:326
+msgid "empty array variable name"
+msgstr "порожня назва змінної-масиву"
+
+#: builtins/mapfile.def:347
+msgid "array variable support required"
+msgstr "змінні-масиви не підтримуються"
+
+#: builtins/printf.def:374
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%s': missing format character"
+msgstr "`%s': пропущено символ у шаблоні"
+
+#: builtins/printf.def:551
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%c': invalid format character"
+msgstr "`%c': невірний символ у шаблоні"
+
+#: builtins/printf.def:578
+#, c-format
+msgid "warning: %s: %s"
+msgstr "попередження: %s: %s"
+
+#: builtins/printf.def:757
+msgid "missing hex digit for \\x"
+msgstr "пропущено шістнадцяткову цифру у \\x"
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:195
+msgid "no other directory"
+msgstr "немає іншої директорії"
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:462
+msgid "<no current directory>"
+msgstr "<немає поточної директорії>"
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:506
+msgid "directory stack empty"
+msgstr "стек директорій порожній"
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:508
+msgid "directory stack index"
+msgstr "рівень стеку директорій"
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:683
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories\n"
+" find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get\n"
+" back up through the list with the `popd' command.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -c\tclear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements\n"
+" -l\tdo not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative\n"
+" \tto your home directory\n"
+" -p\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line\n"
+" -v\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed\n"
+" \twith its position in the stack\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by\n"
+" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by\n"
+"\tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero."
+msgstr ""
+"Показує список збережених директорій. Директорії\n"
+" додаються до цього списку командою `pushd'; ви можете повернутися\n"
+" назад по списку за допомогою команди `popd'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -c\tочистити список директорій, вилучивши усі його елементи\n"
+" -l\tне використовувати ~ для директорій, що знаходяться усередині\n"
+" \tвашої домівки\n"
+" -p\tвиводити директорії по одній на рядок\n"
+" -v\tвиводити директорії по одній на рядок із вказанням позиції у\n"
+" \tсписку\n"
+" \n"
+" Аргументи:\n"
+" +N\tПоказує N-ну зліва директорію у списку, що виводиться командою\n"
+" \tdirs без аргументів, рахунок починається з нуля.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tПоказує N-ну з кінця директорію у списку, що виводиться командою\n"
+"\tdirs без аргументів, рахунок починається з нуля."
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:705
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\n"
+" the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working\n"
+" directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when adding\n"
+" \tdirectories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" +N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n"
+" \tfrom the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with\n"
+" \tzero) is at the top.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n"
+" \tfrom the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with\n"
+" \tzero) is at the top.\n"
+" \n"
+" dir\tAdds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the\n"
+" \tnew current working directory.\n"
+" \n"
+" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack."
+msgstr ""
+"Додає директорію на вершину стеку директорій, чи циклічно обертає\n"
+" стек, встановлюючи поточну робочу директорію відповідно до його нової\n"
+" вершини. Без аргументів міняє місцями дві найвищих директорії.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -n\tНе робити звичайного переходу у нову директорію при додаванні\n"
+" \tдиректорій до стеку, проводити операції лише над стеком.\n"
+" \n"
+" Аргументи:\n"
+" +N\tЦиклічно обертає стек так, щоб N-на директорія, рахуючи\n"
+" \tзліва (починаючи з нуля) у списку, що виводиться командою `dirs'\n"
+" \tопиниться на вершині стеку.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tЦиклічно обертає стек так, щоб N-на директорія, рахуючи\n"
+" \tз кінця (починаючи з нуля) у списку, що виводиться командою `dirs'\n"
+" \tопиниться на вершині стеку.\n"
+" \n"
+" dir\tДодає DIR на вершину стеку, й робить її поточною робочою\n"
+" \tдиректорією.\n"
+" \n"
+" Вбудована команда `dirs' показує стек директорій."
+
+#: builtins/pushd.def:730
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes\n"
+" the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when removing\n"
+" \tdirectories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" +N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the left of the list\n"
+" \tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0'\n"
+" \tremoves the first directory, `popd +1' the second.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the right of the list\n"
+" \tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0'\n"
+" \tremoves the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last.\n"
+" \n"
+" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack."
+msgstr ""
+"Вилучає директорії зі стеку збережених директорій. Без аргументів, вилучає\n"
+" верхню директорію у стеку й змінює поточну директорію відповідно до нової\n"
+" вершини стеку.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -n\tНе робити звичайного переходу до нової директорії при вилученні\n"
+" \tдиректорій зі стеку, проводити операції лише над стеком.\n"
+" \n"
+" Аргументи:\n"
+" +N\tВилучає N-ну зліва директорію у списку, що показується командою `dirs'\n"
+" \t(рахунок починається з нуля). Наприклад: `popd +0' вилучає першу директорію,\n"
+" \t`popd +1' другу.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tВилучає N-ну з кінця директорію у списку, що показується командою\n"
+" \t`dirs' (рахунок починається з нуля). Наприклад: `popd -0' вилучає\n"
+" \tостанню директорію, `popd -1' передостанню.\n"
+" \n"
+" Вбудована команда `dirs' показує стек директорій."
+
+#: builtins/read.def:252
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid timeout specification"
+msgstr "%s: неправильно вказаний термін часу"
+
+#: builtins/read.def:588
+#, c-format
+msgid "read error: %d: %s"
+msgstr "помилка читання: %d: %s"
+
+#: builtins/return.def:73
+msgid "can only `return' from a function or sourced script"
+msgstr "`return' працює лише у функції чи скрипті, запущеному за допомогою `source'"
+
+#: builtins/set.def:768
+msgid "cannot simultaneously unset a function and a variable"
+msgstr "не можна одночасно знищити і функцію і змінну"
+
+#: builtins/set.def:805
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot unset"
+msgstr "%s: не вдається знищити"
+
+#: builtins/set.def:812
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot unset: readonly %s"
+msgstr "%s: не вдається знищити: %s лише для читання"
+
+#: builtins/set.def:823
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not an array variable"
+msgstr "%s: не є масивом"
+
+#: builtins/setattr.def:186
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: not a function"
+msgstr "%s: не є функцією"
+
+#: builtins/shift.def:71 builtins/shift.def:77
+msgid "shift count"
+msgstr "кількість зсувів"
+
+#: builtins/shopt.def:260
+msgid "cannot set and unset shell options simultaneously"
+msgstr "не можна одночасно встановлювати й скасовувати параметри оболонки"
+
+#: builtins/shopt.def:325
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid shell option name"
+msgstr "%s: неправильне ім’я параметру оболонки"
+
+#: builtins/source.def:128
+msgid "filename argument required"
+msgstr "потрібна назва файлу"
+
+#: builtins/source.def:153
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: file not found"
+msgstr "%s: файл не знайдено"
+
+#: builtins/suspend.def:101
+msgid "cannot suspend"
+msgstr "не вдається призупинити"
+
+#: builtins/suspend.def:111
+msgid "cannot suspend a login shell"
+msgstr "не можна призупинити оболонку сеансу"
+
+#: builtins/type.def:234
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is aliased to `%s'\n"
+msgstr "%s є псевдонімом до `%s'\n"
+
+#: builtins/type.def:255
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a shell keyword\n"
+msgstr "%s — це ключове слово оболонки\n"
+
+#: builtins/type.def:274
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a function\n"
+msgstr "%s є функцією\n"
+
+#: builtins/type.def:296
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is a shell builtin\n"
+msgstr "%s є вбудованою командою оболонки\n"
+
+#: builtins/type.def:317 builtins/type.def:391
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is %s\n"
+msgstr "%s — це %s\n"
+
+# I know the difference between hash and cache, but here,
+# I think, this is more suitable...
+#: builtins/type.def:337
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s is hashed (%s)\n"
+msgstr "%s знаходиться в кеші (%s)\n"
+
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid limit argument"
+msgstr "%s: невірний аргумент обмеження"
+
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:398
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%c': bad command"
+msgstr "`%c': неправильна команда"
+
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:427
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot get limit: %s"
+msgstr "%s: не вдається отримати значення обмеження: %s"
+
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:453
+msgid "limit"
+msgstr "значення обмеження"
+
+#: builtins/ulimit.def:465 builtins/ulimit.def:765
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot modify limit: %s"
+msgstr "%s: не вдається змінити обмеження: %s"
+
+#: builtins/umask.def:118
+msgid "octal number"
+msgstr "вісімкове число"
+
+#: builtins/umask.def:231
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%c': invalid symbolic mode operator"
+msgstr "`%c': невірний оператор у символьному режимі"
+
+#: builtins/umask.def:286
+#, c-format
+msgid "`%c': invalid symbolic mode character"
+msgstr "`%c': невірний символ у символьному режимі"
+
+#: error.c:90 error.c:321 error.c:323 error.c:325
+msgid " line "
+msgstr " рядок "
+
+#: error.c:165
+#, c-format
+msgid "last command: %s\n"
+msgstr "остання команда: %s\n"
+
+#: error.c:173
+#, c-format
+msgid "Aborting..."
+msgstr "Припинення..."
+
+#: error.c:406
+msgid "unknown command error"
+msgstr "невідома помилка команди"
+
+#: error.c:407
+msgid "bad command type"
+msgstr "неправильний тип команди"
+
+#: error.c:408
+msgid "bad connector"
+msgstr "неправильний з’єднувальний оператор"
+
+#: error.c:409
+msgid "bad jump"
+msgstr "неправильний перехід"
+
+#: error.c:447
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: unbound variable"
+msgstr "%s: неозначена змінна"
+
+#: eval.c:181
+#, c-format
+msgid "\atimed out waiting for input: auto-logout\n"
+msgstr "\aчас очікування вводу вичерпано: автоматичний вихід\n"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:497
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot redirect standard input from /dev/null: %s"
+msgstr "не вдається переспрямувати /dev/null на стандартний ввід: %s"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:1162
+#, c-format
+msgid "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': invalid format character"
+msgstr "TIMEFORMAT: `%c': невірний символ шаблону"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:2075
+msgid "pipe error"
+msgstr "помилка каналу"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:4481
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: restricted: cannot specify `/' in command names"
+msgstr "%s: обмеження: не можна вказувати `/' у імені команди"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:4572
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: command not found"
+msgstr "%s: команду не знайдено"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:4827
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s: bad interpreter"
+msgstr "%s: %s: неправильний інтерпретатор"
+
+#: execute_cmd.c:4976
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot duplicate fd %d to fd %d"
+msgstr "не вдається створити копію файлового дескриптору %d у %d"
+
+#: expr.c:241
+msgid "expression recursion level exceeded"
+msgstr "рівень вкладення виразів перевищено"
+
+#: expr.c:265
+msgid "recursion stack underflow"
+msgstr "нестача стеку рекурсії"
+
+#: expr.c:379
+msgid "syntax error in expression"
+msgstr "синтаксична помилка у виразі"
+
+#: expr.c:419
+msgid "attempted assignment to non-variable"
+msgstr "спроба призначення не-змінної"
+
+#: expr.c:440 expr.c:445 expr.c:756
+msgid "division by 0"
+msgstr "ділення на 0"
+
+#: expr.c:471
+msgid "bug: bad expassign token"
+msgstr "вада: неправильна лексема у виразі"
+
+#: expr.c:513
+msgid "`:' expected for conditional expression"
+msgstr "очікувалася `:' умовного виразу"
+
+#: expr.c:781
+msgid "exponent less than 0"
+msgstr "експонента менша за 0"
+
+#: expr.c:826
+msgid "identifier expected after pre-increment or pre-decrement"
+msgstr "пре-інкремент чи пре-декремент потребують ідентифікатор"
+
+#: expr.c:854
+msgid "missing `)'"
+msgstr "відсутня `)'"
+
+#: expr.c:897 expr.c:1176
+msgid "syntax error: operand expected"
+msgstr "синтаксична помилка: очікувався операнд"
+
+#: expr.c:1178
+msgid "syntax error: invalid arithmetic operator"
+msgstr "синтаксична помилка: невірний арифметичний оператор"
+
+#: expr.c:1202
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s%s%s: %s (error token is \"%s\")"
+msgstr "%s%s%s: %s (позначка помилки \"%s\")"
+
+#: expr.c:1260
+msgid "invalid arithmetic base"
+msgstr "невірна арифметична основа"
+
+#: expr.c:1280
+msgid "value too great for base"
+msgstr "завелике значення основи"
+
+#: expr.c:1329
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: expression error\n"
+msgstr "%s: помилка у виразі\n"
+
+#: general.c:61
+msgid "getcwd: cannot access parent directories"
+msgstr "getcwd: не вдається отримати доступ до директорій вищого рівня"
+
+#: input.c:94 subst.c:4857
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot reset nodelay mode for fd %d"
+msgstr "не вдається перевстановити режим без затримки файлового дескриптору %d"
+
+#: input.c:258
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot allocate new file descriptor for bash input from fd %d"
+msgstr "не вдається отримати новий файловий дескриптор для вводу bash з файлового дескриптору %d"
+
+#: input.c:266
+#, c-format
+msgid "save_bash_input: buffer already exists for new fd %d"
+msgstr "save_bash_input: для нового файлового дескриптору %d вже існує буфер"
+
+#: jobs.c:466
+msgid "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
+msgstr "start_pipeline: pgrp pipe"
+
+#: jobs.c:887
+#, c-format
+msgid "forked pid %d appears in running job %d"
+msgstr "ідентифікатор відгалуженого процесу %d знайдено у працюючому завданні %d"
+
+#: jobs.c:1005
+#, c-format
+msgid "deleting stopped job %d with process group %ld"
+msgstr "вилучення зупиненого завдання %d, що має групу процесів %ld"
+
+#: jobs.c:1110
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "add_process: process %5ld (%s) in the_pipeline"
+msgstr "add_process: процес %5ld (%s) у the_pipeline"
+
+#: jobs.c:1113
+#, c-format
+msgid "add_process: pid %5ld (%s) marked as still alive"
+msgstr "add_process: ідентифікатор процесу %5ld (%s) вважається все ще працюючим"
+
+#: jobs.c:1401
+#, c-format
+msgid "describe_pid: %ld: no such pid"
+msgstr "describe_pid: %ld: ідентифікатор процесу не існує"
+
+#: jobs.c:1416
+#, c-format
+msgid "Signal %d"
+msgstr "Сигнал %d"
+
+#: jobs.c:1430 jobs.c:1455
+msgid "Done"
+msgstr "Завершено"
+
+#: jobs.c:1435 siglist.c:123
+msgid "Stopped"
+msgstr "Зупинено"
+
+#: jobs.c:1439
+#, c-format
+msgid "Stopped(%s)"
+msgstr "Зупинено(%s)"
+
+#: jobs.c:1443
+msgid "Running"
+msgstr "Працює"
+
+#: jobs.c:1457
+#, c-format
+msgid "Done(%d)"
+msgstr "Зроблено(%d)"
+
+#: jobs.c:1459
+#, c-format
+msgid "Exit %d"
+msgstr "Вихід %d"
+
+#: jobs.c:1462
+msgid "Unknown status"
+msgstr "Невідомий стан"
+
+#: jobs.c:1549
+#, c-format
+msgid "(core dumped) "
+msgstr "(збережено знімок оперативної пам’яті)"
+
+#: jobs.c:1568
+#, c-format
+msgid " (wd: %s)"
+msgstr " (РД: %s)"
+
+#: jobs.c:1776
+#, c-format
+msgid "child setpgid (%ld to %ld)"
+msgstr "зміна групи дочірнього процесу (%ld на %ld)"
+
+#: jobs.c:2104 nojobs.c:585
+#, c-format
+msgid "wait: pid %ld is not a child of this shell"
+msgstr "wait: процес %ld не є відгалуженим від цієї оболонки"
+
+#: jobs.c:2331
+#, c-format
+msgid "wait_for: No record of process %ld"
+msgstr "wait_for: Нема запису для процесу %ld"
+
+#: jobs.c:2607
+#, c-format
+msgid "wait_for_job: job %d is stopped"
+msgstr "wait_for_job: завдання %d зупинене"
+
+#: jobs.c:2829
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: job has terminated"
+msgstr "%s: завдання завершилося"
+
+#: jobs.c:2838
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: job %d already in background"
+msgstr "%s: завдання %d вже працює в фоні"
+
+#: jobs.c:3059
+msgid "waitchld: turning on WNOHANG to avoid indefinite block"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: jobs.c:3508
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: line %d: "
+msgstr "%s: рядок %d: "
+
+#: jobs.c:3522 nojobs.c:814
+#, c-format
+msgid " (core dumped)"
+msgstr " (збережено знімок оперативної пам’яті)"
+
+#: jobs.c:3534 jobs.c:3547
+#, c-format
+msgid "(wd now: %s)\n"
+msgstr "(тепер РД: %s)\n"
+
+#: jobs.c:3579
+msgid "initialize_job_control: getpgrp failed"
+msgstr "initialize_job_control: помилка getpgrp"
+
+#: jobs.c:3639
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
+msgstr "initialize_job_control: line discipline"
+
+#: jobs.c:3649
+msgid "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
+msgstr "initialize_job_control: setpgid"
+
+#: jobs.c:3677
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot set terminal process group (%d)"
+msgstr "не вдається встановити групу процесу для терміналу (%d)"
+
+#: jobs.c:3682
+msgid "no job control in this shell"
+msgstr "ця оболонка не може керувати завданнями"
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:296
+#, c-format
+msgid "malloc: failed assertion: %s\n"
+msgstr "malloc: умова не виконується: %s\n"
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:312
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"\r\n"
+"malloc: %s:%d: assertion botched\r\n"
+msgstr ""
+"\r\n"
+"malloc: %s:%d: потрібна умова не виконується\r\n"
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:313
+msgid "unknown"
+msgstr "невідомий"
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:797
+msgid "malloc: block on free list clobbered"
+msgstr "malloc: зайнятий блок у списку вільних"
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:874
+msgid "free: called with already freed block argument"
+msgstr "free: аргумент є вже звільненим блоком"
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:877
+msgid "free: called with unallocated block argument"
+msgstr "free: блок ще не виділено"
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:896
+msgid "free: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range"
+msgstr "free: виявлено перехід за нижню границю блоку; mh_nbytes не вкладається у рамки"
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:902
+msgid "free: start and end chunk sizes differ"
+msgstr "free: розмір у записах на початку та в кінці блоку відрізняється"
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1001
+msgid "realloc: called with unallocated block argument"
+msgstr "realloc: блок ще не виділено"
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1016
+msgid "realloc: underflow detected; mh_nbytes out of range"
+msgstr "realloc: виявлено перехід за нижню границю блоку; mh_nbytes не вкладається у рамки"
+
+#: lib/malloc/malloc.c:1022
+msgid "realloc: start and end chunk sizes differ"
+msgstr "realloc: розмір у записах на початку та в кінці блоку відрізняється"
+
+#: lib/malloc/table.c:177
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "register_alloc: alloc table is full with FIND_ALLOC?\n"
+msgstr "register_alloc: таблиця виділення заповнена FIND_ALLOC?\n"
+
+#: lib/malloc/table.c:184
+#, c-format
+msgid "register_alloc: %p already in table as allocated?\n"
+msgstr "register_alloc: %p вже позначений як виділений у таблиці?\n"
+
+#: lib/malloc/table.c:220
+#, c-format
+msgid "register_free: %p already in table as free?\n"
+msgstr "register_free: %p вже позначений як вільний у таблиці?\n"
+
+#: lib/sh/fmtulong.c:101
+msgid "invalid base"
+msgstr "неправильна основа"
+
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:168
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: host unknown"
+msgstr "%s: невідомий хост"
+
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: invalid service"
+msgstr "%s: неправильна служба"
+
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:306
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad network path specification"
+msgstr "%s: неправильно вказаний мережевий шлях"
+
+#: lib/sh/netopen.c:346
+msgid "network operations not supported"
+msgstr "мережеві операції не підтримуються"
+
+#: locale.c:192
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: locale.c:194
+#, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: locale.c:247
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s)"
+msgstr "xrealloc: %s:%d: не вдається виділити %lu байтів"
+
+#: locale.c:249
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "setlocale: %s: cannot change locale (%s): %s"
+msgstr "xrealloc: %s:%d: не вдається виділити %lu байтів"
+
+#: mailcheck.c:433
+msgid "You have mail in $_"
+msgstr "Присутня пошта у $_"
+
+#: mailcheck.c:458
+msgid "You have new mail in $_"
+msgstr "Нова пошта у $_"
+
+#: mailcheck.c:474
+#, c-format
+msgid "The mail in %s has been read\n"
+msgstr "Пошту у %s прочитано\n"
+
+#: make_cmd.c:323
+msgid "syntax error: arithmetic expression required"
+msgstr "синтаксична помилка: потрібен арифметичний вираз"
+
+#: make_cmd.c:325
+msgid "syntax error: `;' unexpected"
+msgstr "синтаксична помилка: неочікувана `;'"
+
+#: make_cmd.c:326
+#, c-format
+msgid "syntax error: `((%s))'"
+msgstr "синтаксична помилка: `((%s))'"
+
+#: make_cmd.c:575
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_here_document: bad instruction type %d"
+msgstr "make_here_document: неправильний тип інструкції %d"
+
+#: make_cmd.c:659
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "here-document at line %d delimited by end-of-file (wanted `%s')"
+msgstr "here-document з рядка %d закінчено кінцем файлу (очікувалося `%s')"
+
+#: make_cmd.c:756
+#, c-format
+msgid "make_redirection: redirection instruction `%d' out of range"
+msgstr "make_redirection: інструкція переспрямування `%d' поза межами"
+
+#: parse.y:3133 parse.y:3369
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `%c'"
+msgstr "файл скінчився раніше, ніж було знайдено відповідний `%c'"
+
+#: parse.y:3951
+msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for `]]'"
+msgstr "файл скінчився раніше, ніж було знайдено `]]'"
+
+#: parse.y:3956
+#, c-format
+msgid "syntax error in conditional expression: unexpected token `%s'"
+msgstr "синтаксична помилка в умовному виразі: неочікувана лексема `%s'"
+
+#: parse.y:3960
+msgid "syntax error in conditional expression"
+msgstr "синтаксична помилка в умовному виразі"
+
+#: parse.y:4038
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected token `%s', expected `)'"
+msgstr "неочікувана лексема `%s', очікувалася `)'"
+
+#: parse.y:4042
+msgid "expected `)'"
+msgstr "очікувалася `)'"
+
+#: parse.y:4070
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected argument `%s' to conditional unary operator"
+msgstr "неочікуваний аргумент унарного умовного оператору `%s'"
+
+#: parse.y:4074
+msgid "unexpected argument to conditional unary operator"
+msgstr "неочікуваний аргумент унарного умовного оператору"
+
+#: parse.y:4120
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected token `%s', conditional binary operator expected"
+msgstr "неочікувана лексема `%s', очікувався бінарний умовний оператор"
+
+#: parse.y:4124
+msgid "conditional binary operator expected"
+msgstr "очікувався бінарний умовний оператор"
+
+#: parse.y:4146
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected argument `%s' to conditional binary operator"
+msgstr "неочікуваний аргумент бінарного умовного оператора `%s'"
+
+#: parse.y:4150
+msgid "unexpected argument to conditional binary operator"
+msgstr "неочікуваний аргумент бінарного умовного оператора"
+
+#: parse.y:4161
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected token `%c' in conditional command"
+msgstr "неочікувана лексема `%c' в умовній команді"
+
+#: parse.y:4164
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected token `%s' in conditional command"
+msgstr "неочікувана лексема `%s' в умовній команді"
+
+#: parse.y:4168
+#, c-format
+msgid "unexpected token %d in conditional command"
+msgstr "неочікувана лексема %d в умовній команді"
+
+#: parse.y:5459
+#, c-format
+msgid "syntax error near unexpected token `%s'"
+msgstr "синтаксична помилка коло неочікуваної лексеми `%s'"
+
+#: parse.y:5477
+#, c-format
+msgid "syntax error near `%s'"
+msgstr "синтаксична помилка коло `%s'"
+
+#: parse.y:5487
+msgid "syntax error: unexpected end of file"
+msgstr "синтаксична помилка: раптово скінчився файл"
+
+#: parse.y:5487
+msgid "syntax error"
+msgstr "синтаксична помилка"
+
+#: parse.y:5549
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use \"%s\" to leave the shell.\n"
+msgstr "Використовуйте \"%s\", щоб вийти з оболонки.\n"
+
+#: parse.y:5711
+msgid "unexpected EOF while looking for matching `)'"
+msgstr "файл скінчився, перш ніж було знайдено відповідну `)'"
+
+#: pcomplete.c:1030
+#, c-format
+msgid "completion: function `%s' not found"
+msgstr "завершення: функцію `%s' не знайдено"
+
+#: pcomplib.c:179
+#, c-format
+msgid "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
+msgstr "progcomp_insert: %s: NULL COMPSPEC"
+
+#: print_cmd.c:290
+#, c-format
+msgid "print_command: bad connector `%d'"
+msgstr "print_command: неправильний з’єднувальний оператор `%d'"
+
+#: print_cmd.c:363
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "xtrace_set: %d: invalid file descriptor"
+msgstr "%d: неправильний дескриптор файлу: %s"
+
+#: print_cmd.c:368
+msgid "xtrace_set: NULL file pointer"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: print_cmd.c:372
+#, c-format
+msgid "xtrace fd (%d) != fileno xtrace fp (%d)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: print_cmd.c:1461
+#, c-format
+msgid "cprintf: `%c': invalid format character"
+msgstr "cprintf: `%c': неправильний символ шаблону"
+
+#: redir.c:110
+msgid "file descriptor out of range"
+msgstr "дескриптор файлу поза можливими межами"
+
+#: redir.c:166
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: ambiguous redirect"
+msgstr "%s: неоднозначне переспрямування"
+
+#: redir.c:170
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot overwrite existing file"
+msgstr "%s: заборонено перезаписувати існуючі файли"
+
+#: redir.c:175
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: restricted: cannot redirect output"
+msgstr "%s: обмеження: переспрямування виводу заборонене"
+
+#: redir.c:180
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot create temp file for here-document: %s"
+msgstr "не вдається створити тимчасовий файл для here-document: %s"
+
+#: redir.c:184
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot assign fd to variable"
+msgstr "%s: неможливо означити елемент масиву списком"
+
+#: redir.c:544
+msgid "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port not supported without networking"
+msgstr "/dev/(tcp|udp)/host/port не підтримується"
+
+#: redir.c:1101
+msgid "redirection error: cannot duplicate fd"
+msgstr "помилка переспрямування: не вдається створити копію дескриптора файлу"
+
+#: shell.c:332
+msgid "could not find /tmp, please create!"
+msgstr "не вдається знайти /tmp, будь ласка створіть його!"
+
+#: shell.c:336
+msgid "/tmp must be a valid directory name"
+msgstr "/tmp має бути назвою дійсної директорії"
+
+#: shell.c:884
+#, c-format
+msgid "%c%c: invalid option"
+msgstr "%c%c: невірний параметр"
+
+#: shell.c:1651
+msgid "I have no name!"
+msgstr "У мене нема імені!"
+
+#: shell.c:1793
+#, c-format
+msgid "GNU bash, version %s-(%s)\n"
+msgstr "GNU bash, версія %s-(%s)\n"
+
+#: shell.c:1794
+#, c-format
+msgid ""
+"Usage:\t%s [GNU long option] [option] ...\n"
+"\t%s [GNU long option] [option] script-file ...\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Використовуйте:\t%s [довгий параметр GNU] [параметр] ...\n"
+"\t%s [довгий параметр GNU] [параметр] файл_сценарію ...\n"
+
+#: shell.c:1796
+msgid "GNU long options:\n"
+msgstr "Довгі параметри GNU:\n"
+
+#: shell.c:1800
+msgid "Shell options:\n"
+msgstr "Параметри оболонки:\n"
+
+#: shell.c:1801
+msgid "\t-irsD or -c command or -O shopt_option\t\t(invocation only)\n"
+msgstr "\t-irsD чи -c команда чи -O параметр_shopt\t\t(тільки на початку)\n"
+
+#: shell.c:1816
+#, c-format
+msgid "\t-%s or -o option\n"
+msgstr "\t-%s чи -o параметр\n"
+
+#: shell.c:1822
+#, c-format
+msgid "Type `%s -c \"help set\"' for more information about shell options.\n"
+msgstr "Введіть `%s -c \"help set\"', щоб отримати більше інформації про параметри оболонки.\n"
+
+#: shell.c:1823
+#, c-format
+msgid "Type `%s -c help' for more information about shell builtin commands.\n"
+msgstr "Введіть `%s -c help', щоб отримати більше інформації про вбудовані команди оболонки.\n"
+
+#: shell.c:1824
+#, c-format
+msgid "Use the `bashbug' command to report bugs.\n"
+msgstr "Щоб повідомити про помилку в програмі, використовуйте команду `bashbug'.\n"
+
+#: sig.c:626
+#, c-format
+msgid "sigprocmask: %d: invalid operation"
+msgstr "sigprocmask: %d: невірна операція"
+
+#: siglist.c:48
+msgid "Bogus signal"
+msgstr "Неіснуючий сигнал"
+
+#: siglist.c:51
+msgid "Hangup"
+msgstr "Зависання"
+
+#: siglist.c:55
+msgid "Interrupt"
+msgstr "Переривання"
+
+#: siglist.c:59
+msgid "Quit"
+msgstr "Вихід"
+
+#: siglist.c:63
+msgid "Illegal instruction"
+msgstr "Невірна інструкція"
+
+#: siglist.c:67
+msgid "BPT trace/trap"
+msgstr "Відлагодження"
+
+#: siglist.c:75
+msgid "ABORT instruction"
+msgstr "Інструкція ABORT"
+
+#: siglist.c:79
+msgid "EMT instruction"
+msgstr "Інструкція EMT"
+
+#: siglist.c:83
+msgid "Floating point exception"
+msgstr "Помилка обчислень з рухомою комою"
+
+#: siglist.c:87
+msgid "Killed"
+msgstr "Вбитий"
+
+#: siglist.c:91
+msgid "Bus error"
+msgstr "Помилка шини"
+
+#: siglist.c:95
+msgid "Segmentation fault"
+msgstr "Помилка адресування"
+
+#: siglist.c:99
+msgid "Bad system call"
+msgstr "Невірний системний виклик"
+
+#: siglist.c:103
+msgid "Broken pipe"
+msgstr "Зламаний канал"
+
+#: siglist.c:107
+msgid "Alarm clock"
+msgstr "Таймер"
+
+#: siglist.c:111
+msgid "Terminated"
+msgstr "Припинено"
+
+#: siglist.c:115
+msgid "Urgent IO condition"
+msgstr "Невідкладні події В/В"
+
+#: siglist.c:119
+msgid "Stopped (signal)"
+msgstr "Зупинено (сигнал)"
+
+#: siglist.c:127
+msgid "Continue"
+msgstr "Продовження"
+
+#: siglist.c:135
+msgid "Child death or stop"
+msgstr "Зупинка чи припинення дочірнього процесу"
+
+#: siglist.c:139
+msgid "Stopped (tty input)"
+msgstr "Зупинено (ввід з терміналу)"
+
+#: siglist.c:143
+msgid "Stopped (tty output)"
+msgstr "Зупинено (вивід на термінал)"
+
+#: siglist.c:147
+msgid "I/O ready"
+msgstr "В/В готовий"
+
+#: siglist.c:151
+msgid "CPU limit"
+msgstr "Обмеження часу CPU"
+
+#: siglist.c:155
+msgid "File limit"
+msgstr "Обмеження розміру файлу"
+
+#: siglist.c:159
+msgid "Alarm (virtual)"
+msgstr "Таймер (віртуальний)"
+
+#: siglist.c:163
+msgid "Alarm (profile)"
+msgstr "Таймер (профілювання)"
+
+#: siglist.c:167
+msgid "Window changed"
+msgstr "Зміна вікна"
+
+#: siglist.c:171
+msgid "Record lock"
+msgstr "Блокування втрачено"
+
+#: siglist.c:175
+msgid "User signal 1"
+msgstr "Сигнал користувача 1"
+
+#: siglist.c:179
+msgid "User signal 2"
+msgstr "Сигнал користувача 2"
+
+#: siglist.c:183
+msgid "HFT input data pending"
+msgstr "Вхідні дані HFT очікують"
+
+#: siglist.c:187
+msgid "power failure imminent"
+msgstr "наближається втрата живлення"
+
+#: siglist.c:191
+msgid "system crash imminent"
+msgstr "наближається аварійна ситуація"
+
+#: siglist.c:195
+msgid "migrate process to another CPU"
+msgstr "перенесення процесу на інший CPU"
+
+#: siglist.c:199
+msgid "programming error"
+msgstr "помилка програмування"
+
+#: siglist.c:203
+msgid "HFT monitor mode granted"
+msgstr "Режим монітору HFT надано"
+
+#: siglist.c:207
+msgid "HFT monitor mode retracted"
+msgstr "Режим монітору HFT відкликано"
+
+#: siglist.c:211
+msgid "HFT sound sequence has completed"
+msgstr "Завершено звукову послідовність HFT"
+
+#: siglist.c:215
+msgid "Information request"
+msgstr "Інформаційний запит"
+
+#: siglist.c:223
+msgid "Unknown Signal #"
+msgstr "Невідомий сигнал №"
+
+#: siglist.c:225
+#, c-format
+msgid "Unknown Signal #%d"
+msgstr "Невідомий сигнал №%d"
+
+#: subst.c:1333 subst.c:1454
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad substitution: no closing `%s' in %s"
+msgstr "неправильна заміна: немає заключної `%s' у %s"
+
+#: subst.c:2735
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot assign list to array member"
+msgstr "%s: неможливо означити елемент масиву списком"
+
+#: subst.c:4754 subst.c:4770
+msgid "cannot make pipe for process substitution"
+msgstr "не вдається створити канал для підставляння процесу"
+
+#: subst.c:4802
+msgid "cannot make child for process substitution"
+msgstr "не вдається створити дочірній процес для підставляння процесу"
+
+#: subst.c:4847
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for reading"
+msgstr "не вдається відкрити іменований канал %s для читання"
+
+#: subst.c:4849
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot open named pipe %s for writing"
+msgstr "не вдається відкрити іменований канал %s для запису"
+
+#: subst.c:4867
+#, c-format
+msgid "cannot duplicate named pipe %s as fd %d"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:5063
+msgid "cannot make pipe for command substitution"
+msgstr "не вдається створити канал для підставляння команди"
+
+#: subst.c:5097
+msgid "cannot make child for command substitution"
+msgstr "не вдається створити дочірній процес для підставляння команди"
+
+#: subst.c:5114
+msgid "command_substitute: cannot duplicate pipe as fd 1"
+msgstr "command_substitute: не вдається створити копію каналу із файловим дескриптором 1"
+
+#: subst.c:5617
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: parameter null or not set"
+msgstr "%s: параметр нульової довжини чи не вказаний"
+
+#: subst.c:5907
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: substring expression < 0"
+msgstr "%s: підрядок коротший за 0"
+
+#: subst.c:6965
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: bad substitution"
+msgstr "%s: неправильна заміна"
+
+#: subst.c:7045
+#, c-format
+msgid "$%s: cannot assign in this way"
+msgstr "$%s: не можна призначити таким чином"
+
+#: subst.c:7374
+msgid "future versions of the shell will force evaluation as an arithmetic substitution"
+msgstr ""
+
+#: subst.c:7839
+#, c-format
+msgid "bad substitution: no closing \"`\" in %s"
+msgstr "неправильна заміна: немає заключної \"`\" у %s"
+
+#: subst.c:8720
+#, c-format
+msgid "no match: %s"
+msgstr "нема відповідника: %s"
+
+#: test.c:146
+msgid "argument expected"
+msgstr "очікувався аргумент"
+
+#: test.c:155
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: integer expression expected"
+msgstr "%s: очікувався числовий вираз"
+
+#: test.c:263
+msgid "`)' expected"
+msgstr "очікувалася `)'"
+
+#: test.c:265
+#, c-format
+msgid "`)' expected, found %s"
+msgstr "очікувалася `)', отримано %s"
+
+#: test.c:280 test.c:693 test.c:696
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: unary operator expected"
+msgstr "%s: очікувався унарний оператор"
+
+#: test.c:449 test.c:736
+#, c-format
+msgid "%s: binary operator expected"
+msgstr "%s: очікувався бінарний оператор"
+
+#: test.c:811
+msgid "missing `]'"
+msgstr "відсутня `]'"
+
+#: trap.c:203
+msgid "invalid signal number"
+msgstr "неправильний номер сигналу"
+
+#: trap.c:327
+#, c-format
+msgid "run_pending_traps: bad value in trap_list[%d]: %p"
+msgstr "run_pending_traps: неправильне значення у trap_list[%d]: %p"
+
+#: trap.c:331
+#, c-format
+msgid "run_pending_traps: signal handler is SIG_DFL, resending %d (%s) to myself"
+msgstr "run_pending_traps: обробник сигналу є SIG_DFL, %d (%s) повторно надсилається собі"
+
+#: trap.c:380
+#, c-format
+msgid "trap_handler: bad signal %d"
+msgstr "trap_handler: неправильний сигнал %d"
+
+#: variables.c:363
+#, c-format
+msgid "error importing function definition for `%s'"
+msgstr "помилка імпортування означення функції `%s'"
+
+#: variables.c:748
+#, c-format
+msgid "shell level (%d) too high, resetting to 1"
+msgstr "рівень оболонки (%d) занадто високий, перевстановлено у 1"
+
+#: variables.c:1915
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "make_local_variable: no function context at current scope"
+msgstr "make_local_variable: немає контексту функції у поточному оточенні виконання"
+
+#: variables.c:3159
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "all_local_variables: no function context at current scope"
+msgstr "all_local_variables: немає контексту функції у поточному оточенні виконання"
+
+#: variables.c:3376
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "%s has null exportstr"
+msgstr "%s: параметр нульової довжини чи не вказаний"
+
+#: variables.c:3381 variables.c:3390
+#, c-format
+msgid "invalid character %d in exportstr for %s"
+msgstr "невірний символ %d у рядку експорту для %s"
+
+#: variables.c:3396
+#, c-format
+msgid "no `=' in exportstr for %s"
+msgstr "немає `=' у рядку експорту для %s"
+
+#: variables.c:3835
+msgid "pop_var_context: head of shell_variables not a function context"
+msgstr "pop_var_context: перший елемент shell_variables не є контекстом функції"
+
+#: variables.c:3848
+msgid "pop_var_context: no global_variables context"
+msgstr "pop_var_context: немає контексту global_variables"
+
+#: variables.c:3922
+msgid "pop_scope: head of shell_variables not a temporary environment scope"
+msgstr "pop_scope: перший елемент shell_variables не є тимчасовим оточенням виконання"
+
+#: variables.c:4678
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s: cannot open as FILE"
+msgstr "%s: не вдається відкрити: %s"
+
+#: variables.c:4683
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s: invalid value for trace file descriptor"
+msgstr "%d: неправильний дескриптор файлу: %s"
+
+#: version.c:46
+msgid "Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#: version.c:47
+msgid "License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
+msgstr "Ліцензія GPLv3+: GNU GPL версія 3 чи новіша <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
+
+#: version.c:86 version2.c:83
+#, c-format
+msgid "GNU bash, version %s (%s)\n"
+msgstr "GNU bash, версія %s (%s)\n"
+
+#: version.c:91 version2.c:88
+#, c-format
+msgid "This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.\n"
+msgstr "Це вільне програмне забезпечення; ви можете його змінювати та розповсюджувати.\n"
+
+#: version.c:92 version2.c:89
+#, c-format
+msgid "There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.\n"
+msgstr "Не надається НІЯКИХ ГАРАНТІЙ у межах, передбачених законом.\n"
+
+#: version2.c:86
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n"
+msgstr "Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#: version2.c:87
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "License GPLv2+: GNU GPL version 2 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
+msgstr "Ліцензія GPLv3+: GNU GPL версія 3 чи новіша <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>\n"
+
+#: xmalloc.c:91
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
+msgstr "xmalloc: не вдається виділити %lu байтів (виділено %lu байтів)"
+
+#: xmalloc.c:93
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "%s: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
+msgstr "xmalloc: не вдається виділити %lu байтів"
+
+#: xmalloc.c:163
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
+msgstr "xmalloc: %s:%d: не вдається виділити %lu байтів (виділено %lu байтів)"
+
+#: xmalloc.c:165
+#, fuzzy, c-format
+msgid "%s: %s:%d: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
+msgstr "xmalloc: %s:%d: не вдається виділити %lu байтів"
+
+#: builtins.c:43
+msgid "alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]"
+msgstr "alias [-3] [ім’я[=значення] ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:47
+msgid "unalias [-a] name [name ...]"
+msgstr "unalias [-a] ім’я [ім’я ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:51
+msgid "bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filename] [-q name] [-u name] [-r keyseq] [-x keyseq:shell-command] [keyseq:readline-function or readline-command]"
+msgstr "bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f файл] [-q ім’я] [-u ім’я] [-r послідовність-клавіш] [-x послідовність-клавіш:команда-оболонки] [послідовність-клавіш:функція-readline чи команда-readline]"
+
+#: builtins.c:54
+msgid "break [n]"
+msgstr "break [n]"
+
+#: builtins.c:56
+msgid "continue [n]"
+msgstr "continue [n]"
+
+#: builtins.c:58
+msgid "builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]"
+msgstr "builtin [вбудована-команда [аргумент ...]]"
+
+#: builtins.c:61
+msgid "caller [expr]"
+msgstr "caller [вираз]"
+
+#: builtins.c:64
+msgid "cd [-L|-P] [dir]"
+msgstr "cd [-L|-P] [директорія]"
+
+#: builtins.c:66
+msgid "pwd [-LP]"
+msgstr "pwd [-LP]"
+
+#: builtins.c:68
+msgid ":"
+msgstr ":"
+
+#: builtins.c:70
+msgid "true"
+msgstr "true"
+
+#: builtins.c:72
+msgid "false"
+msgstr "false"
+
+#: builtins.c:74
+msgid "command [-pVv] command [arg ...]"
+msgstr "command [-pVv] команда [аргумент ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:76
+msgid "declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [name[=value] ...]"
+msgstr "declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [ім’я[=значення] ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:78
+msgid "typeset [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] name[=value] ..."
+msgstr "typeset [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] ім’я[=значення] ..."
+
+#: builtins.c:80
+msgid "local [option] name[=value] ..."
+msgstr "local [параметр] ім’я[=значення] ..."
+
+#: builtins.c:83
+msgid "echo [-neE] [arg ...]"
+msgstr "echo [-neE] [аргумент ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:87
+msgid "echo [-n] [arg ...]"
+msgstr "echo [-n] [аргумент ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:90
+msgid "enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [name ...]"
+msgstr "enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f файл] [ім’я ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:92
+msgid "eval [arg ...]"
+msgstr "eval [аргумент ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:94
+msgid "getopts optstring name [arg]"
+msgstr "getopts рядок-параметрів ім’я [аргумент]"
+
+#: builtins.c:96
+msgid "exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [arguments ...]] [redirection ...]"
+msgstr "exec [-cl] [-a ім’я] [команда [аргументи ...]] [переспрямування ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:98
+msgid "exit [n]"
+msgstr "exit [n]"
+
+#: builtins.c:100
+msgid "logout [n]"
+msgstr "logout [n]"
+
+#: builtins.c:103
+msgid "fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] or fc -s [pat=rep] [command]"
+msgstr "fc [-e редактор] [-lnr] [перший] [останній] чи fc -s [шаблон=заміна] [команда]"
+
+#: builtins.c:107
+msgid "fg [job_spec]"
+msgstr "fg [завдання]"
+
+#: builtins.c:111
+msgid "bg [job_spec ...]"
+msgstr "bg [завдання ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:114
+msgid "hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name ...]"
+msgstr "hash [-lr] [-p шлях] [-dt] [ім’я ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:117
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "help [-dms] [pattern ...]"
+msgstr "help [-ds] [шаблон ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:121
+msgid "history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or history -anrw [filename] or history -ps arg [arg...]"
+msgstr "history [-c] [-d позиція] [n] чи history -anrw [файл] чи history -ps аргумент [аргумент ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:125
+msgid "jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs -x command [args]"
+msgstr "jobs [-lnprs] [завдання ...] чи jobs -x команда [аргументи]"
+
+#: builtins.c:129
+msgid "disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...]"
+msgstr "disown [-h] [-ar] [завдання ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:132
+msgid "kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]"
+msgstr "kill [-s сигнал | -n номер-сигналу | -сигнал] pid | завдання ... чи kill -l [сигнал]"
+
+#: builtins.c:134
+msgid "let arg [arg ...]"
+msgstr "let аргумент [аргумент ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:136
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]"
+msgstr "read [-ers] [-a масив] [-d роздільник] [-i текст] [-n кількість-символів] [-p запрошення] [-t ліміт-часу] [-u дескриптор-файлу] [ім’я ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:138
+msgid "return [n]"
+msgstr "return [n]"
+
+#: builtins.c:140
+msgid "set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option-name] [arg ...]"
+msgstr "set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o параметр] [аргумент ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:142
+msgid "unset [-f] [-v] [name ...]"
+msgstr "unset [-f] [-v] [ім’я ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:144
+msgid "export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or export -p"
+msgstr "export [-fn] [ім’я[=значення] ...] чи export -p"
+
+#: builtins.c:146
+msgid "readonly [-af] [name[=value] ...] or readonly -p"
+msgstr "readonli [-af [ім’я[=значення] ...] чи readonly -p"
+
+#: builtins.c:148
+msgid "shift [n]"
+msgstr "shift [n]"
+
+#: builtins.c:150
+msgid "source filename [arguments]"
+msgstr "source файл [аргументи]"
+
+#: builtins.c:152
+msgid ". filename [arguments]"
+msgstr ". файл [аргументи]"
+
+#: builtins.c:155
+msgid "suspend [-f]"
+msgstr "suspend [-f]"
+
+#: builtins.c:158
+msgid "test [expr]"
+msgstr "test [вираз]"
+
+#: builtins.c:160
+msgid "[ arg... ]"
+msgstr "[ аргумент... ]"
+
+#: builtins.c:162
+msgid "times"
+msgstr "times"
+
+#: builtins.c:164
+msgid "trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...]"
+msgstr "trap [-lp] [[аргумент] сигнал ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:166
+msgid "type [-afptP] name [name ...]"
+msgstr "type [-afptP] ім’я [ім’я ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:169
+msgid "ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit]"
+msgstr "ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [обмеження]"
+
+#: builtins.c:172
+msgid "umask [-p] [-S] [mode]"
+msgstr "umask [-p] [-S] [режим-доступу]"
+
+#: builtins.c:175
+msgid "wait [id]"
+msgstr "wait [ідентифікатор]"
+
+#: builtins.c:179
+msgid "wait [pid]"
+msgstr "wait [ідентифікатор-процесу]"
+
+#: builtins.c:182
+msgid "for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMANDS; done"
+msgstr "for ІМ’Я [in СЛОВА ... ] ; do КОМАНДИ; done"
+
+#: builtins.c:184
+msgid "for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMANDS; done"
+msgstr "for (( вираз1; вираз2; вираз3 )); do КОМАНДИ; done"
+
+#: builtins.c:186
+msgid "select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMMANDS; done"
+msgstr "select ІМ’Я [in СЛОВА ...;] do КОМАНДИ; done"
+
+#: builtins.c:188
+msgid "time [-p] pipeline"
+msgstr "time [-p] канал"
+
+#: builtins.c:190
+msgid "case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...) COMMANDS ;;]... esac"
+msgstr "case СЛОВО in [ШАБЛОН [| ШАБЛОН]...) КОМАНДИ ;;]... esac"
+
+#: builtins.c:192
+msgid "if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; ]... [ else COMMANDS; ] fi"
+msgstr "if КОМАНДИ; then КОМАНДИ; [ elif КОМАНДИ; then КОМАНДИ; ]... [ else КОМАНДИ; ] fi"
+
+#: builtins.c:194
+msgid "while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done"
+msgstr "while КОМАНДИ; do КОМАНДИ; done"
+
+#: builtins.c:196
+msgid "until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done"
+msgstr "until КОМАНДИ; do КОМАНДИ; done"
+
+#: builtins.c:198
+msgid "coproc [NAME] command [redirections]"
+msgstr "coproc [ІМ’Я] команда [переспрямування]"
+
+#: builtins.c:200
+msgid "function name { COMMANDS ; } or name () { COMMANDS ; }"
+msgstr "function ім’я { КОМАНДИ ; } чи ім’я () { КОМАНДИ ; }"
+
+#: builtins.c:202
+msgid "{ COMMANDS ; }"
+msgstr "{ КОМАНДИ ; }"
+
+#: builtins.c:204
+msgid "job_spec [&]"
+msgstr "завдання [&]"
+
+#: builtins.c:206
+msgid "(( expression ))"
+msgstr "(( вираз ))"
+
+#: builtins.c:208
+msgid "[[ expression ]]"
+msgstr "[[ вираз ]]"
+
+#: builtins.c:210
+msgid "variables - Names and meanings of some shell variables"
+msgstr "variables - Імена та значення деяких змінних оболонки"
+
+#: builtins.c:213
+msgid "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir]"
+msgstr "pushd [-n] [+N | -N | директорія]"
+
+#: builtins.c:217
+msgid "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
+msgstr "popd [-n] [+N | -N]"
+
+#: builtins.c:221
+msgid "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
+msgstr "dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]"
+
+#: builtins.c:224
+msgid "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...]"
+msgstr "shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [назва-параметра ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:226
+msgid "printf [-v var] format [arguments]"
+msgstr "printf [-v змінна] шаблон-форматування [аргументи]"
+
+#: builtins.c:229
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [name ...]"
+msgstr "complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-o параметр] [-A дія] [-G шаблон-оболонки] [-W список-слів] [-F функція] [-C команда] [-X шаблон-фільтрування] [-P префікс] [-S суфікс] [ім’я ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:233
+msgid "compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option] [-A action] [-G globpat] [-W wordlist] [-F function] [-C command] [-X filterpat] [-P prefix] [-S suffix] [word]"
+msgstr "compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o параметр] [-A дія] [-G шаблон-оболонки] [-W список-слів] [-F функція] [-C команда] [-X шаблон-фільтрування] [-P префікс] [-S суфікс] [слово]"
+
+#: builtins.c:237
+#, fuzzy
+msgid "compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ...]"
+msgstr "compopt [-o|+o параметр] [ім’я ...]"
+
+#: builtins.c:240
+msgid "mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
+msgstr "mapfile [-n кількість] [-O початок-відліку] [-s кількість] [-t] [-u дескриптор] [-C обробник] [-c крок] [масив]"
+
+#: builtins.c:242
+msgid "readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s count] [-t] [-u fd] [-C callback] [-c quantum] [array]"
+msgstr "readarray [-n кількість] [-O початок-відліку] [-s кількість] [-t] [-u дескриптор] [-C обробник] [-c крок] [масив]"
+
+#: builtins.c:254
+msgid ""
+"Define or display aliases.\n"
+" \n"
+" Without arguments, `alias' prints the list of aliases in the reusable\n"
+" form `alias NAME=VALUE' on standard output.\n"
+" \n"
+" Otherwise, an alias is defined for each NAME whose VALUE is given.\n"
+" A trailing space in VALUE causes the next word to be checked for\n"
+" alias substitution when the alias is expanded.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -p\tPrint all defined aliases in a reusable format\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" alias returns true unless a NAME is supplied for which no alias has been\n"
+" defined."
+msgstr ""
+"Додає чи показує псевдоніми для команд.\n"
+" \n"
+" Викликана без аргументів, команда `alias' друкує список псевдонімів у\n"
+" придатній до подальшого виконання формі `alias ІМ’Я=ЗНАЧЕННЯ'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Інакше вона додає псевдоніми для кожного вказаного ІМЕНІ, для якого надане\n"
+" ЗНАЧЕННЯ. Пробіли в кінці ЗНАЧЕННЯ дозволяють увімкнути подальше розкриття\n"
+" псевдонімів усередині цього псевдоніму під час його підставляння.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -p\tНадрукувати усі визначені псевдоніми у придатній до виконання формі.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо було вказане ІМ’Я, для якого нема\n"
+" псевдоніму."
+
+#: builtins.c:276
+msgid ""
+"Remove each NAME from the list of defined aliases.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a\tremove all alias definitions.\n"
+" \n"
+" Return success unless a NAME is not an existing alias."
+msgstr ""
+"Вилучає усі вказані ІМЕНА зі списку визначених псевдонімів.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -a\tВилучити визначення усіх псевдонімів.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Завершується невдало, якщо ІМ’Я не є визначеним псевдонімом."
+
+#: builtins.c:289
+msgid ""
+"Set Readline key bindings and variables.\n"
+" \n"
+" Bind a key sequence to a Readline function or a macro, or set a\n"
+" Readline variable. The non-option argument syntax is equivalent to\n"
+" that found in ~/.inputrc, but must be passed as a single argument:\n"
+" e.g., bind '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -m keymap Use KEYMAP as the keymap for the duration of this\n"
+" command. Acceptable keymap names are emacs,\n"
+" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,\n"
+" vi-command, and vi-insert.\n"
+" -l List names of functions.\n"
+" -P List function names and bindings.\n"
+" -p List functions and bindings in a form that can be\n"
+" reused as input.\n"
+" -S List key sequences that invoke macros and their values\n"
+" -s List key sequences that invoke macros and their values\n"
+" in a form that can be reused as input.\n"
+" -V List variable names and values\n"
+" -v List variable names and values in a form that can\n"
+" be reused as input.\n"
+" -q function-name Query about which keys invoke the named function.\n"
+" -u function-name Unbind all keys which are bound to the named function.\n"
+" -r keyseq Remove the binding for KEYSEQ.\n"
+" -f filename Read key bindings from FILENAME.\n"
+" -x keyseq:shell-command\tCause SHELL-COMMAND to be executed when\n"
+" \t\t\t\tKEYSEQ is entered.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" bind returns 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановлює призначення клавіш та змінні readline.\n"
+" \n"
+" Призначає функції чи макровизначенню readline послідовність клавіш чи\n"
+" встановлює змінну readline. Аргумент, що не відносяться до параметрів\n"
+" має синтаксис такий же як у ~/.inputrc, але мають бути вказані як один\n"
+" аргумент, наприклад, bind '\"\\C-x\\C-r\": re-read-init-file'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -m набір Використовувати НАБІР призначень клавіш на час\n"
+" виконання цієї команди. Назви існучих наборів: emacs,\n"
+" emacs-standard, emacs-meta, emacs-ctlx, vi, vi-move,\n"
+" vi-command та vi-insert.\n"
+" -l Вивести імена функцій.\n"
+" -P Вивести імена функцій та які послідовності клавіш їм\n"
+" призначено.\n"
+" -p Вивести функції та призначення у формі, придатній для\n"
+" подальшого використання як ввід.\n"
+" -S Вивести послідовності клавіш, які запускають\n"
+" макровизначення.\n"
+" -s Вивести послідовності клавіш, які запускають\n"
+" макровизначення у формі, придатній для подальшого\n"
+" використання як ввід.\n"
+" -V Вивести імена та значення змінних.\n"
+" -v Вивести імена та значення змінних у формі, що може\n"
+" бути надалі використана як ввід.\n"
+" -q функція Показати, які послідовності клавіш запускають цю\n"
+" функцію.\n"
+" -u функція Скасувати усі призначені цій функції послідовності.\n"
+" -r послідовність Скасувати призначення ПОСЛІДОВНОСТІ.\n"
+" -f файл Прочитати призначення клавіш з ФАЙЛУ.\n"
+" -x послідовність:команда-оболонки\tПри вводі ПОСЛІДОВНОСТІ буде\n"
+" \t\t\t\tзапускатися КОМАНДА-ОБОЛОНКИ.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо вказані правильні параметри та не\n"
+" виникло помилки під час виконання."
+
+#: builtins.c:326
+msgid ""
+"Exit for, while, or until loops.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit a FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop. If N is specified, break N enclosing\n"
+" loops.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
+msgstr ""
+"Виходить з циклів for, while чи until.\n"
+" \n"
+" Перериває цикли FOR, WHILE чи UNTIL. Якщо вказано N, перериває\n"
+" N охоплюючих циклів.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо N менше за 1."
+
+#: builtins.c:338
+msgid ""
+"Resume for, while, or until loops.\n"
+" \n"
+" Resumes the next iteration of the enclosing FOR, WHILE or UNTIL loop.\n"
+" If N is specified, resumes the Nth enclosing loop.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" The exit status is 0 unless N is not greater than or equal to 1."
+msgstr ""
+"Переходить до наступної ітерації циклів for, while чи until.\n"
+" \n"
+" Переходить до наступної ітерації циклу for, while чи until.\n"
+" Якщо вказане N, перехід відбувається у N-ному охоплюючому циклі.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо N менше 1."
+
+#: builtins.c:350
+msgid ""
+"Execute shell builtins.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute SHELL-BUILTIN with arguments ARGs without performing command\n"
+" lookup. This is useful when you wish to reimplement a shell builtin\n"
+" as a shell function, but need to execute the builtin within the function.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of SHELL-BUILTIN, or false if SHELL-BUILTIN is\n"
+" not a shell builtin.."
+msgstr ""
+"Виконує вбудовану команду оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Запускає ВБУДОВАНУ-КОМАНДУ з вказаними АРГУМЕНТАМИ, пошук команди не\n"
+" робиться. Це може стати в нагоді, якщо ви хочете замінити вбудовану\n"
+" команду функцією оболонки, але вам треба запускати вбудовану команду\n"
+" зсередини цієї функції.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення ВБУДОВАНОЇ-КОМАНДИ або помилку, якщо\n"
+" ВБУДОВАНА-КОМАНДА не є вбудованою командою оболонки."
+
+#: builtins.c:365
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Return the context of the current subroutine call.\n"
+" \n"
+" Without EXPR, returns \"$line $filename\". With EXPR, returns\n"
+" \"$line $subroutine $filename\"; this extra information can be used to\n"
+" provide a stack trace.\n"
+" \n"
+" The value of EXPR indicates how many call frames to go back before the\n"
+" current one; the top frame is frame 0.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns 0 unless the shell is not executing a shell function or EXPR\n"
+" is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+"Повертає контекст виконання поточної підпрограми.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо ВИРАЗ не вказано, виводить \"$line $filename\". Інакше виводить\n"
+" \"$line $subroutine $filename\"; цю додаткову інформацію можна\n"
+" використовувати для надання трасування стеку.\n"
+" \n"
+" Значення ВИРАЗУ визначає на скільки рівнів викликів піднятися від\n"
+" поточного; поточний рівень є нульовим.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо оболонка зараз не виконує функцію\n"
+" або якщо ВИРАЗ є неправильним."
+
+#: builtins.c:383
+msgid ""
+"Change the shell working directory.\n"
+" \n"
+" Change the current directory to DIR. The default DIR is the value of the\n"
+" HOME shell variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" The variable CDPATH defines the search path for the directory containing\n"
+" DIR. Alternative directory names in CDPATH are separated by a colon (:).\n"
+" A null directory name is the same as the current directory. If DIR begins\n"
+" with a slash (/), then CDPATH is not used.\n"
+" \n"
+" If the directory is not found, and the shell option `cdable_vars' is set,\n"
+" the word is assumed to be a variable name. If that variable has a value,\n"
+" its value is used for DIR.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -L\tforce symbolic links to be followed\n"
+" -P\tuse the physical directory structure without following symbolic\n"
+" \tlinks\n"
+" \n"
+" The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns 0 if the directory is changed; non-zero otherwise."
+msgstr ""
+"Змінює робочу директорію оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Змінює поточну директорію на ДИРЕКТОРІЮ. Якщо ДИРЕКТОРІЮ не вказано,\n"
+" береться значення змінної оточення HOME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Змінна CDPATH визначає набір директорій, в яких шукати ДИРЕКТОРІЮ.\n"
+" Директорії у цій змінній розділяються двокрапкою (:).\n"
+" Порожнє ім’я директорії означає поточну директорію. Якщо ДИРЕКТОРІЯ\n"
+" починається з похилої риски (/), CDPATH не використовується.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо директорію не буде знайдено, при ввімкненому параметрі оболонки\n"
+" `cdable_vars', ДИРЕКТОРІЯ вважатиметься іменем змінної. Якщо змінна з\n"
+" таким іменем існуватиме, її значення буде використане замість ДИРЕКТОРІЇ.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -L\tПереходити за символічними посиланнями.\n"
+" -P\tВикористовувати фізичну структуру директорій, не переходити за\n"
+" \tсимволічними посиланнями.\n"
+" \n"
+" Зазвичай команда переходитиме за символічними посиланнями, як ніби був\n"
+" вказаний параметр `-L'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо директорію змінити не вдалося."
+
+#: builtins.c:411
+msgid ""
+"Print the name of the current working directory.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -L\tprint the value of $PWD if it names the current working\n"
+" \tdirectory\n"
+" -P\tprint the physical directory, without any symbolic links\n"
+" \n"
+" By default, `pwd' behaves as if `-L' were specified.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns 0 unless an invalid option is given or the current directory\n"
+" cannot be read."
+msgstr ""
+"Виводить ім’я поточної робочої директорії.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -L\tВивести значення $PWD, якщо вона вказує поточну робочу директорію.\n"
+" -P\tВивести фізичне розташування директорії, без символічних посилань.\n"
+" \n"
+" Зазвичай `pwd' працює як ніби вказано `-L'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо вказано неправильний параметр чи\n"
+" не вдається отримати доступ до поточної робочої директорії."
+
+#: builtins.c:428
+msgid ""
+"Null command.\n"
+" \n"
+" No effect; the command does nothing.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Always succeeds."
+msgstr ""
+"Нічого не робить.\n"
+" \n"
+" Не має жодного ефекту; ця команда нічого не робить.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завжди успішна."
+
+#: builtins.c:439
+msgid ""
+"Return a successful result.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Always succeeds."
+msgstr ""
+"Завершується успішно.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завжди успішна."
+
+#: builtins.c:448
+msgid ""
+"Return an unsuccessful result.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Always fails."
+msgstr ""
+"Завершується помилково.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завжди завершується невдало."
+
+#: builtins.c:457
+msgid ""
+"Execute a simple command or display information about commands.\n"
+" \n"
+" Runs COMMAND with ARGS suppressing shell function lookup, or display\n"
+" information about the specified COMMANDs. Can be used to invoke commands\n"
+" on disk when a function with the same name exists.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -p\tuse a default value for PATH that is guaranteed to find all of\n"
+" \tthe standard utilities\n"
+" -v\tprint a description of COMMAND similar to the `type' builtin\n"
+" -V\tprint a more verbose description of each COMMAND\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns exit status of COMMAND, or failure if COMMAND is not found."
+msgstr ""
+"Запускає звичайну команду чи показує інформацію про команди.\n"
+" \n"
+" Запускає КОМАНДУ з АРГУМЕНТАМИ, не роблячи пошуку серед функцій оболонки,\n"
+" чи показує інформацію про вказані КОМАНДИ. Може використовуватися для\n"
+" запуску команд з диску, коли існує функція з таким же іменем.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -p\tВикористовувати стандартне значення PATH, яке забезпечує\n"
+" \tзнаходження усіх стандартних утиліт.\n"
+" -v\tВивести опис КОМАНД, подібний до виводу вбудованої команди `type'.\n"
+" -V\tВивести більш багатослівний опис кожної з КОМАНД.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення КОМАНДИ або помилку, якщо КОМАНДУ не буде\n"
+" знайдено."
+
+#: builtins.c:476
+msgid ""
+"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
+" \n"
+" Declare variables and give them attributes. If no NAMEs are given,\n"
+" display the attributes and values of all variables.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -f\trestrict action or display to function names and definitions\n"
+" -F\trestrict display to function names only (plus line number and\n"
+" \tsource file when debugging)\n"
+" -p\tdisplay the attributes and value of each NAME\n"
+" \n"
+" Options which set attributes:\n"
+" -a\tto make NAMEs indexed arrays (if supported)\n"
+" -A\tto make NAMEs associative arrays (if supported)\n"
+" -i\tto make NAMEs have the `integer' attribute\n"
+" -l\tto convert NAMEs to lower case on assignment\n"
+" -r\tto make NAMEs readonly\n"
+" -t\tto make NAMEs have the `trace' attribute\n"
+" -u\tto convert NAMEs to upper case on assignment\n"
+" -x\tto make NAMEs export\n"
+" \n"
+" Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the given attribute.\n"
+" \n"
+" Variables with the integer attribute have arithmetic evaluation (see\n"
+" the `let' command) performed when the variable is assigned a value.\n"
+" \n"
+" When used in a function, `declare' makes NAMEs local, as with the `local'\n"
+" command.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановлює значення та властивості змінних.\n"
+" \n"
+" Описує змінні та встановлює їх властивості. Якщо ІМЕНА не вказані,\n"
+" показує властивості та значення усіх змінних.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -f\tОбмежити поле дії лише іменами та визначеннями функцій.\n"
+" -F\tОбмежити показ лише іменами функцій (плюс номер рядку та\n"
+" \tфайл, звідки походить функція, якщо йде відлагодження).\n"
+" -p\tПоказати властивості та значення кожного з ІМЕН.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри, що встановлюють властивості:\n"
+" -a\tЗробити ІМЕНА індексованими масивами (якщо підтримується).\n"
+" -A\tЗробити ІМЕНА асоціативними масивами (якщо підтримується).\n"
+" -i\tНадати ІМЕНАМ властивість `ціле число'.\n"
+" -l\tПереводити значення до нижнього регістру при означенні ІМЕН.\n"
+" -r\tЗробити ІМЕНА незмінними (лише для читання).\n"
+" -t\tНадати ІМЕНАМ властивість `trace'.\n"
+" -u\tПереводити значення до верхнього регістру при означенні ІМЕН.\n"
+" -x\tЕкспортувати ІМЕНА.\n"
+" \n"
+" Замінивши `-' на `+' можна вимкнути відповідну властивість.\n"
+" \n"
+" При означенні змінні з властивістю цілого числа проводиться арифметичне\n"
+" обчислення (див. команду `let') значення.\n"
+" \n"
+" При використанні всередині функції, `declare' робить ІМЕНА локальними\n"
+" змінними, як команда `local'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно якщо вказані правильні параметри і не виникло\n"
+" помилки під час виконання."
+
+#: builtins.c:512
+msgid ""
+"Set variable values and attributes.\n"
+" \n"
+" Obsolete. See `help declare'."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановлює значення та властивості змінних.\n"
+" \n"
+" Команда вийшла з ужитку. Дивіться `help declare'."
+
+#: builtins.c:520
+msgid ""
+"Define local variables.\n"
+" \n"
+" Create a local variable called NAME, and give it VALUE. OPTION can\n"
+" be any option accepted by `declare'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Local variables can only be used within a function; they are visible\n"
+" only to the function where they are defined and its children.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied, an error occurs,\n"
+" or the shell is not executing a function."
+msgstr ""
+"Описує локальні змінні.\n"
+" \n"
+" Створює локальну змінну ІМ’Я та призначає їй ЗНАЧЕННЯ. ПАРАМЕТР може бути\n"
+" будь-яким параметром, що приймається командою `declare'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Локальні змінні можуть використовуватися лише усередині функції; їх видно\n"
+" лише у функції, де їх визначено та її нащадках.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо вказано невірні параметри, якщо\n"
+" трапилася помилка або якщо оболонка зараз не виконує функцію."
+
+#: builtins.c:537
+msgid ""
+"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
+" \n"
+" Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n\tdo not append a newline\n"
+" -e\tenable interpretation of the following backslash escapes\n"
+" -E\texplicitly suppress interpretation of backslash escapes\n"
+" \n"
+" `echo' interprets the following backslash-escaped characters:\n"
+" \\a\talert (bell)\n"
+" \\b\tbackspace\n"
+" \\c\tsuppress further output\n"
+" \\e\tescape character\n"
+" \\f\tform feed\n"
+" \\n\tnew line\n"
+" \\r\tcarriage return\n"
+" \\t\thorizontal tab\n"
+" \\v\tvertical tab\n"
+" \\\\\tbackslash\n"
+" \\0nnn\tthe character whose ASCII code is NNN (octal). NNN can be\n"
+" \t0 to 3 octal digits\n"
+" \\xHH\tthe eight-bit character whose value is HH (hexadecimal). HH\n"
+" \tcan be one or two hex digits\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Друкує аргументи до стандартного виводу.\n"
+" \n"
+" Виводить АРГУМЕНТИ до стандартного виводу з переводом рядку в кінці.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -n\tНе додавати символ нового рядку в кінці.\n"
+" -e\tУвімкнути інтерпретацію нижченаведених послідовностей.\n"
+" -E\tЯвно заборонити інтерпретацію послідовностей.\n"
+" \n"
+" `echo' інтерпретує наступні послідовності, що починаються зі зворотньої\n"
+" похилої риски:\n"
+" \\a\tсигнал (дзвінок)\n"
+" \\b\tповернення курсору\n"
+" \\c\tне виводити все, що далі\n"
+" \\e\tсимвол escape\n"
+" \\f\tперехід на рядок нижче\n"
+" \\n\tпочаток нового рядку\n"
+" \\r\tповернення до початку рядку\n"
+" \\t\tгоризонтальна табуляція\n"
+" \\v\tвертикальна табуляція\n"
+" \\\\\tзворотня похила риска\n"
+" \\0nnn\tсимвол з вісімковим ASCII-кодом NNN. NNN може мати від\n"
+" \tнуля до трьох вісімкових цифр\n"
+" \\xHH\tвосьмибітовий символ із шістнадцятковим кодом HH. HH\n"
+" \tможе бути одною чи двома шістнадцятковими цифрами\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо виникне помилка запису."
+
+#: builtins.c:571
+msgid ""
+"Write arguments to the standard output.\n"
+" \n"
+" Display the ARGs on the standard output followed by a newline.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n\tdo not append a newline\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless a write error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Друкує аргументи до стандартного виводу.\n"
+" \n"
+" Виводить АРГУМЕНТИ до стандартного виводу з переходом на новий рядок.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -n\tНе додавати символ нового рядку в кінці.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо трапиться помилка запису."
+
+#: builtins.c:586
+msgid ""
+"Enable and disable shell builtins.\n"
+" \n"
+" Enables and disables builtin shell commands. Disabling allows you to\n"
+" execute a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin\n"
+" without using a full pathname.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a\tprint a list of builtins showing whether or not each is enabled\n"
+" -n\tdisable each NAME or display a list of disabled builtins\n"
+" -p\tprint the list of builtins in a reusable format\n"
+" -s\tprint only the names of Posix `special' builtins\n"
+" \n"
+" Options controlling dynamic loading:\n"
+" -f\tLoad builtin NAME from shared object FILENAME\n"
+" -d\tRemove a builtin loaded with -f\n"
+" \n"
+" Without options, each NAME is enabled.\n"
+" \n"
+" To use the `test' found in $PATH instead of the shell builtin\n"
+" version, type `enable -n test'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless NAME is not a shell builtin or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Вмикає та вимикає вбудовані команди оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Вмикає та вимикає вбудовані команди оболонки. Вимкнення команди дозволяє\n"
+" вам запускати команду з диску, що має таке ж ім’я як і вбудована команда\n"
+" оболонки без потреби вказувати повний шлях до команди.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -a\tНадрукувати список вбудованих команд, вказуючи чи вони ввімкнені.\n"
+" -n\tВимкнути кожне з ІМЕН або надрукувати список вимкнених команд.\n"
+" -p\tНадрукувати список вбудованих команд у придатній для подальшого\n"
+" \tвиконання формі.\n"
+" -s\tДрукувати лише назви `спеціальних' команд Posix.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри, що контролюють динамічне завантаження:\n"
+" -f\tЗавантажити вбудовану команду ІМ’Я з колективного об’єктного ФАЙЛУ.\n"
+" -d\tВилучити вбудовану команду, завантажену за допомогою -f.\n"
+" \n"
+" Без параметрів вмикає кожне з ІМЕН.\n"
+" \n"
+" Щоб використовувати `test', що знаходиться десь у $PATH замість\n"
+" вбудованої у оболонку версії, введіть `enable -n test'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо ІМ’Я не є вбудованою командою\n"
+" оболонки або якщо трапиться помилка під час виконання."
+
+#: builtins.c:614
+msgid ""
+"Execute arguments as a shell command.\n"
+" \n"
+" Combine ARGs into a single string, use the result as input to the shell,\n"
+" and execute the resulting commands.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns exit status of command or success if command is null."
+msgstr ""
+"Виконує аргументи як команду оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Об’єднує АРГУМЕНТИ в один рядок та виконує результат як команди, введені\n"
+" до оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає результат виконання команди. Якщо отриманий рядок команди\n"
+" є порожнім рядком, команда завершується успішно."
+
+#: builtins.c:626
+msgid ""
+"Parse option arguments.\n"
+" \n"
+" Getopts is used by shell procedures to parse positional parameters\n"
+" as options.\n"
+" \n"
+" OPTSTRING contains the option letters to be recognized; if a letter\n"
+" is followed by a colon, the option is expected to have an argument,\n"
+" which should be separated from it by white space.\n"
+" \n"
+" Each time it is invoked, getopts will place the next option in the\n"
+" shell variable $name, initializing name if it does not exist, and\n"
+" the index of the next argument to be processed into the shell\n"
+" variable OPTIND. OPTIND is initialized to 1 each time the shell or\n"
+" a shell script is invoked. When an option requires an argument,\n"
+" getopts places that argument into the shell variable OPTARG.\n"
+" \n"
+" getopts reports errors in one of two ways. If the first character\n"
+" of OPTSTRING is a colon, getopts uses silent error reporting. In\n"
+" this mode, no error messages are printed. If an invalid option is\n"
+" seen, getopts places the option character found into OPTARG. If a\n"
+" required argument is not found, getopts places a ':' into NAME and\n"
+" sets OPTARG to the option character found. If getopts is not in\n"
+" silent mode, and an invalid option is seen, getopts places '?' into\n"
+" NAME and unsets OPTARG. If a required argument is not found, a '?'\n"
+" is placed in NAME, OPTARG is unset, and a diagnostic message is\n"
+" printed.\n"
+" \n"
+" If the shell variable OPTERR has the value 0, getopts disables the\n"
+" printing of error messages, even if the first character of\n"
+" OPTSTRING is not a colon. OPTERR has the value 1 by default.\n"
+" \n"
+" Getopts normally parses the positional parameters ($0 - $9), but if\n"
+" more arguments are given, they are parsed instead.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success if an option is found; fails if the end of options is\n"
+" encountered or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Аналізує рядок параметрів.\n"
+" \n"
+" Getopts використовується підпрограмами оболонки для аналізу позиційних\n"
+" аргументів як параметрів командного рядку.\n"
+" \n"
+" РЯДОК-ПАРАМЕТРІВ містить літери параметрів, які можуть бути вказані; якщо\n"
+" за літерою іде двокрапка, цей параметр очікує аргументу, відокремленого\n"
+" від нього пробілом.\n"
+" \n"
+" Після кожного запуску getopts кладе наступний параметр до змінної оболонки\n"
+" $name, створюючи її, якщо треба. Номер наступного неопрацьованого\n"
+" аргументу кладеться до змінної оболонки OPTIND. OPTIND встановлюється у 1\n"
+" кожного разу, як запускається оболонка чи скрипт. Якщо параметр очікує\n"
+" аргументу, getopts кладе аргумент до змінної оболонки OPTARG.\n"
+" \n"
+" Getopts може повідомляти про помилки двома способами. Якщо першим символом\n"
+" РЯДКУ-ПАРАМЕТРІВ є двокрапка, getopts використовує `тихе' повідомлення про\n"
+" помилки. В такому режимі повідомлення про помилки не виводяться. Якщо буде\n"
+" знайдено неправильний параметр, getopts покладе його до OPTARG. Якщо не\n"
+" буде вказано очікуваний аргумент, getopts покладе ':' до NAME а символ\n"
+" параметру - до OPTARG. У `гучному' режимі, при невірному параметрі у NAME\n"
+" кладеться '?' а OPTARG скидається. Якщо потрібний аргумент не вказано, у\n"
+" NAME кладеться '?', OPTARG скидається й друкується діагностичне\n"
+" повідомлення.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо змінна оболонки OPTERR встановлена у 0, getopts не друкуватиме\n"
+" повідомлення про помилки навіть у `гучному режимі'. Стандартне значення\n"
+" OPTERR — 1.\n"
+" \n"
+" Зазвичай getopts аналізує позиційні параметри ($0 - $9), але якщо надано\n"
+" більше аргументів, замість цього аналізуються вони.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо знайдено параметр; помилково, якщо\n"
+" параметри скінчилися або трапилася помилка."
+
+#: builtins.c:668
+msgid ""
+"Replace the shell with the given command.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND, replacing this shell with the specified program.\n"
+" ARGUMENTS become the arguments to COMMAND. If COMMAND is not specified,\n"
+" any redirections take effect in the current shell.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a name\tpass NAME as the zeroth argument to COMMAND\n"
+" -c\t\texecute COMMAND with an empty environment\n"
+" -l\t\tplace a dash in the zeroth argument to COMMAND\n"
+" \n"
+" If the command cannot be executed, a non-interactive shell exits, unless\n"
+" the shell option `execfail' is set.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless COMMAND is not found or a redirection error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Заміщує оболонку вказаною командою.\n"
+" \n"
+" Запускає КОМАНДУ, заміщаючи поточну оболонку вказаною програмою.\n"
+" АРГУМЕНТИ передаються КОМАНДІ. Якщо КОМАНДУ не вказано, будь-які\n"
+" переспрямування застосовуються до поточної оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -a ім’я\tПередати ІМ’Я як нульовий аргумент КОМАНДИ.\n"
+" -c\t\tЗапустити КОМАНДУ з порожнім оточенням.\n"
+" -l\t\tПокласти риску до нульового аргументу КОМАНДИ.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо команду не вдасться запустити, неінтерактивна оболонка завершується,\n"
+" якщо тільки не встановлено параметр оболонки `execfail'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо команду не буде знайдено або якщо\n"
+" трапиться помилка переспрямування."
+
+#: builtins.c:689
+msgid ""
+"Exit the shell.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exits the shell with a status of N. If N is omitted, the exit status\n"
+" is that of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+"Виходить з оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Виходить з оболонки, повертаючи статус N. Якщо N не вказано, береться\n"
+" статус останньої запущеної команди."
+
+#: builtins.c:698
+msgid ""
+"Exit a login shell.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exits a login shell with exit status N. Returns an error if not executed\n"
+" in a login shell."
+msgstr ""
+"Виходить з оболонки сеансу.\n"
+" \n"
+" Виходить з оболонки сеансу зі статусом N. Повертає помилку, якщо команду\n"
+" запущено не у оболонці сеансу."
+
+#: builtins.c:708
+msgid ""
+"Display or execute commands from the history list.\n"
+" \n"
+" fc is used to list or edit and re-execute commands from the history list.\n"
+" FIRST and LAST can be numbers specifying the range, or FIRST can be a\n"
+" string, which means the most recent command beginning with that\n"
+" string.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -e ENAME\tselect which editor to use. Default is FCEDIT, then EDITOR,\n"
+" \t\tthen vi\n"
+" -l \tlist lines instead of editing\n"
+" -n\tomit line numbers when listing\n"
+" -r\treverse the order of the lines (newest listed first)\n"
+" \n"
+" With the `fc -s [pat=rep ...] [command]' format, COMMAND is\n"
+" re-executed after the substitution OLD=NEW is performed.\n"
+" \n"
+" A useful alias to use with this is r='fc -s', so that typing `r cc'\n"
+" runs the last command beginning with `cc' and typing `r' re-executes\n"
+" the last command.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success or status of executed command; non-zero if an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Показує чи запускає команди зі списку попередньо запущених.\n"
+" \n"
+" Fc використовується для показу чи редагування та подальшого повторного\n"
+" запуску команд з історії. ПЕРШИЙ та ОСТАННІЙ можуть вказувати діапазон\n"
+" або ПЕРШИЙ може бути рядком, тоді він означатиме останню команду, що\n"
+" починалася з цього рядка.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -e РЕДАКТОР\tВказує редактор. Зазвичай це FCEDIT, EDITOR чи vi,\n"
+" \t\tщо перше буде знайдене.\n"
+" -l\tПоказати рядки історії, замість редагування.\n"
+" -n\tНе виводити номери рядків у списку.\n"
+" -r\tПоказувати у зворотньому порядку (найновіші першими).\n"
+" \n"
+" У форматі `fc -s [шаблон=заміна ...] [команда]', КОМАНДА запускається\n"
+" після заміни ШАБЛОН=ЗАМІНА.\n"
+" \n"
+" При використанні цієї команди може бути зручним псевдонім r='fc -s' — тоді\n"
+" `r cc' запустить останню команду, що починається з `cc', а `r' повторно\n"
+" виконає останню команду.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується зі статусом запущених команд, або помилкою, якщо\n"
+" трапиться помилка."
+
+#: builtins.c:738
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Move job to the foreground.\n"
+" \n"
+" Place the job identified by JOB_SPEC in the foreground, making it the\n"
+" current job. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion of the\n"
+" current job is used.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Status of command placed in foreground, or failure if an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Переводить завдання у пріоритетний режим.\n"
+" \n"
+" Переводить ЗАВДАННЯ у пріоритетний режим виконання, й робить його поточним\n"
+" завданням. Якщо ЗАВДАННЯ не вказане, береться завдання, яке оболонка\n"
+" вважає поточним.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується зі статусом завершення завдання, що переведене\n"
+" у пріоритетний режим, або помилку, якщо трапиться помилка."
+
+#: builtins.c:753
+msgid ""
+"Move jobs to the background.\n"
+" \n"
+" Place the jobs identified by each JOB_SPEC in the background, as if they\n"
+" had been started with `&'. If JOB_SPEC is not present, the shell's notion\n"
+" of the current job is used.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Переводить завдання у фоновий режим.\n"
+" \n"
+" Переводить кожне з ЗАВДАНЬ у фоновий режим виконання, як ніби їх запущено\n"
+" із `&'. Якщо ЗАВДАННЯ не вказані, береться завдання, що оболонка вважає\n"
+" поточним.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо контроль завдань не ввімкнено або якщо\n"
+" трапиться помилка."
+
+#: builtins.c:767
+msgid ""
+"Remember or display program locations.\n"
+" \n"
+" Determine and remember the full pathname of each command NAME. If\n"
+" no arguments are given, information about remembered commands is displayed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -d\t\tforget the remembered location of each NAME\n"
+" -l\t\tdisplay in a format that may be reused as input\n"
+" -p pathname\tuse PATHNAME is the full pathname of NAME\n"
+" -r\t\tforget all remembered locations\n"
+" -t\t\tprint the remembered location of each NAME, preceding\n"
+" \t\teach location with the corresponding NAME if multiple\n"
+" \t\tNAMEs are given\n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" NAME\t\tEach NAME is searched for in $PATH and added to the list\n"
+" \t\tof remembered commands.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless NAME is not found or an invalid option is given."
+msgstr ""
+"Запам’ятавує чи показує розміщення програм.\n"
+" \n"
+" Визначає та запам’ятовує повний шлях до кожної з вказаних програм. Якщо\n"
+" ІМЕНА не вказані, показує інформацію про збережені шляхи.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -d\t\tВилучити з кешу розміщення ІМЕН.\n"
+" -l\t\tПоказувати у форматі, що можна потім виконати.\n"
+" -p шлях\tвикористовувати ШЛЯХ як повний шлях до ІМЕНІ.\n"
+" -r\t\tСпустошити кеш.\n"
+" -t\t\tВивести збережені розташування ІМЕН, вказуючи перед розташуванням\n"
+" \t\tвідповідне ІМ’Я, якщо вказано декілька ІМЕН.\n"
+" Аргументи:\n"
+" ІМ’Я\t\tКожне з ІМЕН шукається у $PATH та додається до списку збережених\n"
+" \t\tкоманд.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо ІМ’Я не вдається знайти або якщо\n"
+" вказано невірний параметр."
+
+#: builtins.c:792
+msgid ""
+"Display information about builtin commands.\n"
+" \n"
+" Displays brief summaries of builtin commands. If PATTERN is\n"
+" specified, gives detailed help on all commands matching PATTERN,\n"
+" otherwise the list of help topics is printed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -d\toutput short description for each topic\n"
+" -m\tdisplay usage in pseudo-manpage format\n"
+" -s\toutput only a short usage synopsis for each topic matching\n"
+" \tPATTERN\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" PATTERN\tPattern specifiying a help topic\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless PATTERN is not found or an invalid option is given."
+msgstr ""
+"Показує інформацію про вбудовані команди.\n"
+" \n"
+" Показує коротку довідку з вбудованих команд. Якщо вказано ШАБЛОН, надає\n"
+" детальну довідку з усіх команд, що відповідають цьому ШАБЛОНУ. Якщо його\n"
+" не вказано, друкує список пунктів довідки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -d\tВивести короткий опис кожного з пунктів.\n"
+" -m\tПоказати довідку у форматі, подібному до man(1).\n"
+" -s\tВивести лише короткий опис синтаксису використання кожної з команд,\n"
+" \tщо відповідають ШАБЛОНУ\n"
+" \n"
+" Аргументи:\n"
+" ШАБЛОН\tШаблон, що визначає тему довідки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало якщо ШАБЛОН не знайдено або якщо вказано\n"
+" невірний параметр."
+
+# WTF??? history list += history + history file ???
+#: builtins.c:816
+msgid ""
+"Display or manipulate the history list.\n"
+" \n"
+" Display the history list with line numbers, prefixing each modified\n"
+" entry with a `*'. An argument of N lists only the last N entries.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -c\tclear the history list by deleting all of the entries\n"
+" -d offset\tdelete the history entry at offset OFFSET.\n"
+" \n"
+" -a\tappend history lines from this session to the history file\n"
+" -n\tread all history lines not already read from the history file\n"
+" -r\tread the history file and append the contents to the history\n"
+" \tlist\n"
+" -w\twrite the current history to the history file\n"
+" \tand append them to the history list\n"
+" \n"
+" -p\tperform history expansion on each ARG and display the result\n"
+" \twithout storing it in the history list\n"
+" -s\tappend the ARGs to the history list as a single entry\n"
+" \n"
+" If FILENAME is given, it is used as the history file. Otherwise,\n"
+" if $HISTFILE has a value, that is used, else ~/.bash_history.\n"
+" \n"
+" If the $HISTTIMEFORMAT variable is set and not null, its value is used\n"
+" as a format string for strftime(3) to print the time stamp associated\n"
+" with each displayed history entry. No time stamps are printed otherwise.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Показує чи змінює список попередніх команд.\n"
+" \n"
+" Показує список історії команд з номерами рядків, вказуючи `*' перед кожним\n"
+" зміненим рядком. Якщо вказано аргумент N, показує лише N останніх рядків.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -c\tВилучити зі списку усі збережені команди.\n"
+" -d позиція\tВилучити рядок у ПОЗИЦІЇ (відносній).\n"
+" \n"
+" -a\tДодати записи з поточної сесії до файлу історії.\n"
+" -n\tДодати записи, яких ще немає в списку з файлу історії.\n"
+" -r\tПрочитати файл історії та додати його вміст до кінця списку.\n"
+" -w\tЗаписати поточну історію команд до файлу історії та додати\n"
+" \tїх до кінця списку історії.\n"
+" \n"
+" -p\tЗробити розкриття історії команд на кожному з АРГУМЕНТІВ та\n"
+" \tпоказати результат (без збереження у списку історії команд).\n"
+" -s\tДодати АРГУМЕНТИ до списку історії як один запис.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо вказаний ФАЙЛ, його буде використано як файл історії команд. Інакше,\n"
+" якщо визначено $HISTFILE, береться її значення, якщо ні — ~/.bash_history.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо змінна $HISTTIMEFORMAT має значення, відмінне від порожнього рядку,\n"
+" її буде використано як шаблон strftime(3) для показу часових позначок.\n"
+" Інакше часові позначки не виводяться.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо вказано вірні параметри та не виникло\n"
+" помилки під час виконання."
+
+#: builtins.c:852
+msgid ""
+"Display status of jobs.\n"
+" \n"
+" Lists the active jobs. JOBSPEC restricts output to that job.\n"
+" Without options, the status of all active jobs is displayed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -l\tlists process IDs in addition to the normal information\n"
+" -n\tlist only processes that have changed status since the last\n"
+" \tnotification\n"
+" -p\tlists process IDs only\n"
+" -r\trestrict output to running jobs\n"
+" -s\trestrict output to stopped jobs\n"
+" \n"
+" If -x is supplied, COMMAND is run after all job specifications that\n"
+" appear in ARGS have been replaced with the process ID of that job's\n"
+" process group leader.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs.\n"
+" If -x is used, returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+"Виводить стан завдань.\n"
+" \n"
+" Показує список активних завдань. ЗАВДАННЯ обмежує вивід цим завданням.\n"
+" Без параметрів показує стан усіх активних завдань.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -l\tДодатково виводити ідентифікатори процесів.\n"
+" -n\tПоказувати лише процеси, стан яких змінився з часу останнього\n"
+" \tзвідомлення.\n"
+" -p\tПоказувати лише ідентифікатори процесів.\n"
+" -r\tОбмежити вивід працюючими завданнями.\n"
+" -s\tОбмежити вивід зупиненими завданнями.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо вказано -x, КОМАНДУ буде виконано після заміни усіх згадок про\n"
+" завдання у АРГУМЕНТАХ на ідентифікатори головних процесів відповідних\n"
+" завдань.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо вказано правильні параметри та не\n"
+" виникло помилки під час виконання. При використанні -x команда\n"
+" завершується зі статусом завершення КОМАНДИ."
+
+#: builtins.c:879
+msgid ""
+"Remove jobs from current shell.\n"
+" \n"
+" Removes each JOBSPEC argument from the table of active jobs. Without\n"
+" any JOBSPECs, the shell uses its notion of the current job.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a\tremove all jobs if JOBSPEC is not supplied\n"
+" -h\tmark each JOBSPEC so that SIGHUP is not sent to the job if the\n"
+" \tshell receives a SIGHUP\n"
+" -r\tremove only running jobs\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option or JOBSPEC is given."
+msgstr ""
+"Вилучає завдання з поточної оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Вилучає кожне з ЗАВДАНЬ з таблиці активних завдань. Якщо ЗАВДАННЯ не\n"
+" вказано, береться завдання, яке оболонка вважає поточним.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -a\tВилучити усі завдання, якщо ЗАВДАННЯ не вказані.\n"
+" -h\tПозначити ЗАВДАННЯ так, щоб вони не отримали SIGHUP, якщо оболонка\n"
+" \tотримає SIGHUP.\n"
+" -r\tВилучати лише працюючі завдання.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо вказано неправильний параметр чи\n"
+" ЗАВДАННЯ."
+
+#: builtins.c:898
+msgid ""
+"Send a signal to a job.\n"
+" \n"
+" Send the processes identified by PID or JOBSPEC the signal named by\n"
+" SIGSPEC or SIGNUM. If neither SIGSPEC nor SIGNUM is present, then\n"
+" SIGTERM is assumed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -s sig\tSIG is a signal name\n"
+" -n sig\tSIG is a signal number\n"
+" -l\tlist the signal names; if arguments follow `-l' they are\n"
+" \tassumed to be signal numbers for which names should be listed\n"
+" \n"
+" Kill is a shell builtin for two reasons: it allows job IDs to be used\n"
+" instead of process IDs, and allows processes to be killed if the limit\n"
+" on processes that you can create is reached.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Надіслати сигнал до завдання.\n"
+" \n"
+" Надіслати процесу, вказаному за ідентифікатором процесу чи завдання\n"
+" сигнал, вказаний за його номером чи назвою. Якщо не вказано ані першого,\n"
+" ані другого, буде надіслано SIGTERM.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -s сигнал\tСИГНАЛ є назвою сигналу.\n"
+" -n сигнал\tСИГНАЛ є номером сигналу.\n"
+" -l\tПерелічити назви сигналів; якщо за -l ідуть іще аргументи, вони\n"
+" \tвважаються номерами сигналів, які треба показати.\n"
+" \n"
+" Kill є вбудованою командою з двох причин: це дозволяє вказувати\n"
+" ідентифікатори завдань замість ідентифікаторів процесів та дозволяє\n"
+" вбивати процеси, навіть якщо ви вичерпали ліміт процесів.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо вказані правильні аргументи та не\n"
+" трапилося помилки під час виконання."
+
+#: builtins.c:921
+msgid ""
+"Evaluate arithmetic expressions.\n"
+" \n"
+" Evaluate each ARG as an arithmetic expression. Evaluation is done in\n"
+" fixed-width integers with no check for overflow, though division by 0\n"
+" is trapped and flagged as an error. The following list of operators is\n"
+" grouped into levels of equal-precedence operators. The levels are listed\n"
+" in order of decreasing precedence.\n"
+" \n"
+" \tid++, id--\tvariable post-increment, post-decrement\n"
+" \t++id, --id\tvariable pre-increment, pre-decrement\n"
+" \t-, +\t\tunary minus, plus\n"
+" \t!, ~\t\tlogical and bitwise negation\n"
+" \t**\t\texponentiation\n"
+" \t*, /, %\t\tmultiplication, division, remainder\n"
+" \t+, -\t\taddition, subtraction\n"
+" \t<<, >>\t\tleft and right bitwise shifts\n"
+" \t<=, >=, <, >\tcomparison\n"
+" \t==, !=\t\tequality, inequality\n"
+" \t&\t\tbitwise AND\n"
+" \t^\t\tbitwise XOR\n"
+" \t|\t\tbitwise OR\n"
+" \t&&\t\tlogical AND\n"
+" \t||\t\tlogical OR\n"
+" \texpr ? expr : expr\n"
+" \t\t\tconditional operator\n"
+" \t=, *=, /=, %=,\n"
+" \t+=, -=, <<=, >>=,\n"
+" \t&=, ^=, |=\tassignment\n"
+" \n"
+" Shell variables are allowed as operands. The name of the variable\n"
+" is replaced by its value (coerced to a fixed-width integer) within\n"
+" an expression. The variable need not have its integer attribute\n"
+" turned on to be used in an expression.\n"
+" \n"
+" Operators are evaluated in order of precedence. Sub-expressions in\n"
+" parentheses are evaluated first and may override the precedence\n"
+" rules above.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" If the last ARG evaluates to 0, let returns 1; let returns 0 otherwise.."
+msgstr ""
+"Обчислює арифметичні вирази.\n"
+" \n"
+" Обчислює кожен АРГУМЕНТ як арифметичний вираз. Обчислення проводиться у\n"
+" цілих числах фіксованої довжини й без перевірки переповнення, але все ж\n"
+" ділення на 0 виявляється та вважається помилкою. Нижченаведений список\n"
+" операторів згруповано за рівнями пріоритету. Їх перелічено у порядку\n"
+" спадання пріоритету.\n"
+" \n"
+" \tid++, id--\tпост-інкремент та пост-декремент змінної\n"
+" \t++id, --id\tпре-інкремент та пре-декремент змінної\n"
+" \t-, +\t\tунарний мінус та плюс\n"
+" \t!, ~\t\tлогічна та побітова інверсія\n"
+" \t**\t\tпіднесення до степеня\n"
+" \t*, /, %\t\tмноження, ділення, залишок\n"
+" \t+, -\t\tдодавання, віднімання\n"
+" \t<<, >>\t\tпобітовий зсув вправо та вліво\n"
+" \t<=, >=, <, >\tпорівняння\n"
+" \t==, !=\t\tрівність, нерівність\n"
+" \t&\t\tпобітове AND\n"
+" \t^\t\tпобітове XOR\n"
+" \t|\t\tпобітове OR\n"
+" \t&&\t\tлогічне AND\n"
+" \t||\t\tлогічне OR\n"
+" \tвираз ? вираз : вираз\n"
+" \t\t\tумовний оператор\n"
+" \t=, *=, /=, %=,\n"
+" \t+=, -=, <<=, >>=,\n"
+" \t&=, ^=, |=\tприсвоєння\n"
+" \n"
+" Змінні оболонки можуть виступати операндами. Назву змінної буде замінено\n"
+" її значенням (приведеним до цілого числа фіксованої довжини) у виразі.\n"
+" Для цього не потрібно встановлювати властивість змінної `ціле число'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Оператори обчислюються за пріоритетами. Вкладені вирази у дужках\n"
+" обчислюються першими та можуть змінювати правила пріоритетів, наведені\n"
+" вище.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Якщо результатом обчислення останнього АРГУМЕНТУ є 0, let повертає 1,\n"
+" інакше — 0."
+
+#: builtins.c:966
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.\n"
+" \n"
+" Reads a single line from the standard input, or from file descriptor FD\n"
+" if the -u option is supplied. The line is split into fields as with word\n"
+" splitting, and the first word is assigned to the first NAME, the second\n"
+" word to the second NAME, and so on, with any leftover words assigned to\n"
+" the last NAME. Only the characters found in $IFS are recognized as word\n"
+" delimiters.\n"
+" \n"
+" If no NAMEs are supplied, the line read is stored in the REPLY variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a array\tassign the words read to sequential indices of the array\n"
+" \t\tvariable ARRAY, starting at zero\n"
+" -d delim\tcontinue until the first character of DELIM is read, rather\n"
+" \t\tthan newline\n"
+" -e\t\tuse Readline to obtain the line in an interactive shell\n"
+" -i text\tUse TEXT as the initial text for Readline\n"
+" -n nchars\treturn after reading NCHARS characters rather than waiting\n"
+" \t\tfor a newline, but honor a delimiter if fewer than NCHARS\n"
+" \t\tcharacters are read before the delimiter\n"
+" -N nchars\treturn only after reading exactly NCHARS characters, unless\n"
+" \t\tEOF is encountered or read times out, ignoring any delimiter\n"
+" -p prompt\toutput the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before\n"
+" \t\tattempting to read\n"
+" -r\t\tdo not allow backslashes to escape any characters\n"
+" -s\t\tdo not echo input coming from a terminal\n"
+" -t timeout\ttime out and return failure if a complete line of input is\n"
+" \t\tnot read withint TIMEOUT seconds. The value of the TMOUT\n"
+" \t\tvariable is the default timeout. TIMEOUT may be a\n"
+" \t\tfractional number. If TIMEOUT is 0, read returns success only\n"
+" \t\tif input is available on the specified file descriptor. The\n"
+" \t\texit status is greater than 128 if the timeout is exceeded\n"
+" -u fd\t\tread from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, read times out,\n"
+" or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to -u."
+msgstr ""
+"Читає рядок зі стандартного вводу та розбиває його на поля.\n"
+" \n"
+" Зчитує один рядок зі стандартного вводу чи з ФАЙЛОВОГО-ДЕСКРИПТОРУ, якщо\n"
+" вказано параметр -u. Рядок розбивається на поля по словах, перше слово\n"
+" призначується першому ІМЕНІ, друге слово — другому ІМЕНІ і так далі, якщо\n"
+" залишаться не єпризначені слова, їх буде призначено останньому ІМЕНІ. Як\n"
+" роздільники полів розпізнаються символи, вказані у змінній $IFS.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо ІМЕНА не вказано, рядок цілком буде збережено у змінній REPLY.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -a масив\tПризначити прочитані слова послідовним елементам МАСИВУ,\n"
+" \t\tпочинаючи з нульового.\n"
+" -d роздільник\tЧитати ввід доки не знайдеться символ РОЗДІЛЬНИК\n"
+" \t\t(замість кінця рядка, як звичайно).\n"
+" -e\t\tВикористовувати Readline для отримання рядку у інтерактивній\n"
+" \t\tоболонці.\n"
+" -i текст\tВказати початковий ТЕКСТ для Readline.\n"
+" -n кількість\tПрипинити після зчитування КІЛЬКОСТІ символів, замість\n"
+" \t\tтого, щоб чекати на кінець рядка.\n"
+" -p запрошення\tВивести рядок ЗАПРОШЕННЯ (без переводу рядку в кінці)\n"
+" \t\tперед читанням.\n"
+" -r\t\tНе обробляти зворотню похилу риску як знешкоджувач символів.\n"
+" -s\t\tНе виводити отриманий ввід на термінал.\n"
+" -t ліміт-часу\tПрипинити читання та вийти з помилкою якщо за вказаний\n"
+" \t\tпроміжок часу (в секундах) не було прочитано рядок цілком. Значення\n"
+" \t\tзмінної TMOUT є стандартним значенням обмеження за часом. ЛІМІТ-ЧАСУ\n"
+" \t\tможе бути дробовим числом. Якщо ЛІМІТ-ЧАСУ 0, read завершується\n"
+" \t\tуспішно, лише якщо ввід вже наявний на вказаному файловому\n"
+" \t\tдескрипторі. Якщо перевищено термін очікування, код завершення буде\n"
+" \t\tбільшим за 128. -u файловий-дескриптор\tЧитати ввід з ФАЙЛОВОГО-ДЕСКРИПТОРУ замість\n"
+" \t\tстандартного вводу. \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає помилку, якщо знайдено кінець файлу, якщо вичерпано час\n"
+" очікування, або якщо із -u вказано неправильний файловий дескриптор."
+
+#: builtins.c:1009
+msgid ""
+"Return from a shell function.\n"
+" \n"
+" Causes a function or sourced script to exit with the return value\n"
+" specified by N. If N is omitted, the return status is that of the\n"
+" last command executed within the function or script.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns N, or failure if the shell is not executing a function or script."
+msgstr ""
+"Повертається з функції оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Виходить з функції чи сценарію, виконаного за допомогою source зі вказаним\n"
+" кодом завершення N. Якщо N не вказане, return повертає статус останньої\n"
+" виконаної всередині сценарію чи функції команди.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає N, або помилку, якщо викликана не у функції чи сценарії."
+
+#: builtins.c:1022
+msgid ""
+"Set or unset values of shell options and positional parameters.\n"
+" \n"
+" Change the value of shell attributes and positional parameters, or\n"
+" display the names and values of shell variables.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a Mark variables which are modified or created for export.\n"
+" -b Notify of job termination immediately.\n"
+" -e Exit immediately if a command exits with a non-zero status.\n"
+" -f Disable file name generation (globbing).\n"
+" -h Remember the location of commands as they are looked up.\n"
+" -k All assignment arguments are placed in the environment for a\n"
+" command, not just those that precede the command name.\n"
+" -m Job control is enabled.\n"
+" -n Read commands but do not execute them.\n"
+" -o option-name\n"
+" Set the variable corresponding to option-name:\n"
+" allexport same as -a\n"
+" braceexpand same as -B\n"
+" emacs use an emacs-style line editing interface\n"
+" errexit same as -e\n"
+" errtrace same as -E\n"
+" functrace same as -T\n"
+" hashall same as -h\n"
+" histexpand same as -H\n"
+" history enable command history\n"
+" ignoreeof the shell will not exit upon reading EOF\n"
+" interactive-comments\n"
+" allow comments to appear in interactive commands\n"
+" keyword same as -k\n"
+" monitor same as -m\n"
+" noclobber same as -C\n"
+" noexec same as -n\n"
+" noglob same as -f\n"
+" nolog currently accepted but ignored\n"
+" notify same as -b\n"
+" nounset same as -u\n"
+" onecmd same as -t\n"
+" physical same as -P\n"
+" pipefail the return value of a pipeline is the status of\n"
+" the last command to exit with a non-zero status,\n"
+" or zero if no command exited with a non-zero status\n"
+" posix change the behavior of bash where the default\n"
+" operation differs from the Posix standard to\n"
+" match the standard\n"
+" privileged same as -p\n"
+" verbose same as -v\n"
+" vi use a vi-style line editing interface\n"
+" xtrace same as -x\n"
+" -p Turned on whenever the real and effective user ids do not match.\n"
+" Disables processing of the $ENV file and importing of shell\n"
+" functions. Turning this option off causes the effective uid and\n"
+" gid to be set to the real uid and gid.\n"
+" -t Exit after reading and executing one command.\n"
+" -u Treat unset variables as an error when substituting.\n"
+" -v Print shell input lines as they are read.\n"
+" -x Print commands and their arguments as they are executed.\n"
+" -B the shell will perform brace expansion\n"
+" -C If set, disallow existing regular files to be overwritten\n"
+" by redirection of output.\n"
+" -E If set, the ERR trap is inherited by shell functions.\n"
+" -H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on\n"
+" by default when the shell is interactive.\n"
+" -P If set, do not follow symbolic links when executing commands\n"
+" such as cd which change the current directory.\n"
+" -T If set, the DEBUG trap is inherited by shell functions.\n"
+" - Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.\n"
+" The -x and -v options are turned off.\n"
+" \n"
+" Using + rather than - causes these flags to be turned off. The\n"
+" flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell. The current\n"
+" set of flags may be found in $-. The remaining n ARGs are positional\n"
+" parameters and are assigned, in order, to $1, $2, .. $n. If no\n"
+" ARGs are given, all shell variables are printed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановлює та скидає параметри оболонки та позиційні параметри.\n"
+" \n"
+" Змінює значення властивостей оболонки та позиційних параметрів чи показує\n"
+" імена та значення змінних оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -a Експортувати змінні, які будуть змінюватися чи створюватися.\n"
+" -b Сповіщати про припинення завдань негайно.\n"
+" -e Завершити роботу, якщо одна з команд завершиться помилкою.\n"
+" -f Вимкнути розкриття шаблонів імен файлів (globbing).\n"
+" -h Запам’ятовувати розміщення команд по мірі використання.\n"
+" -k Переносити усі аргументи-присвоєння до оточення команди, не лише ті,\n"
+" що йдуть перед іменем команди.\n"
+" -m Ввімкнути контроль завдань.\n"
+" -n Читати команди, але не виконувати їх.\n"
+" -o параметр\n"
+" Встановити параметр оболонки:\n"
+" allexport те саме, що й -a\n"
+" braceexpand те саме, що й -B\n"
+" emacs використовувати подібний до emacs інтерфейс\n"
+" редагування\n"
+" errexit те саме, що й -e\n"
+" errtrace те саме, що й -E\n"
+" functrace те саме, що й -T\n"
+" hashall те саме, що й -h\n"
+" histexpand те саме, що й -H\n"
+" history ввімкнути збереження історії команд\n"
+" ignoreeof не виходити з оболонки після зчитування кінця файлу\n"
+" interactive-comments\n"
+" дозволити коментарі у інтерактивній оболонці\n"
+" keyword те саме, що й -k\n"
+" monitor те саме, що й -m\n"
+" noclobber те саме, що й -C\n"
+" noexec те саме, що й -n\n"
+" noglob те саме, що й -f\n"
+" nolog наразі приймається, але ігнорується\n"
+" notify те саме, що й -b\n"
+" nounset те саме, що й -u\n"
+" onecmd те саме, що й -t\n"
+" physical те саме, що й -P\n"
+" pipefail кодом завершення ланцюжка команд є код завершення\n"
+" останньої команди, що завершилася невдало, або\n"
+" нуль, якщо усі команди завершилися успішно\n"
+" posix змінити поведінку bash у ситуаціях, де її поведінка\n"
+" зазвичай відхиляється від стандарту Posix так, щоб\n"
+" вона відповідала стандарту\n"
+" privileged те саме, що й -p\n"
+" verbose те саме, що й -v\n"
+" vi використовувати подібний до vi інтерфейс\n"
+" редагування рядку\n"
+" xtrace те саме, що й -x\n"
+" -p Ввімкнений, якщо дійсний та ефективний ідентифікатори користувача не\n"
+" збігаються. Вимикає обробку файлу $ENV та імпортування функцій\n"
+" оболонки. Вимикання цього параметру встановлює ефективні\n"
+" ідентифікатори користувача та групи у реальні.\n"
+" -t Завершити роботу після зчитування та виконання однієї команди.\n"
+" -u Обробляти неозначені змінні як помилку під час їх підставляння.\n"
+" -v Друкувати рядки вводу по мірі їх читання.\n"
+" -x Друкувати команди та їх аргументи при їх виконанні.\n"
+" -B Робити розкриття дужок.\n"
+" -C Вмикання параметру забороняє перезапис існуючих звичайних файлів\n"
+" переспрямуванням виводу.\n"
+" -E Якщо ввімкнений, пастка ERR успадковується функціями оболонки.\n"
+" -H Ввімкнути підставляння історії за допомогою !. Цей параметр зазвичай\n"
+" ввімкнено у інтерактивних оболонках.\n"
+" -P Не переходити за символічними посиланнями при запуску команд,\n"
+" таких як cd, яка змінює поточну директорію.\n"
+" -T Якщо ввімкнений, пастка DEBUG буде успадковуватися функціями\n"
+" оболонки.\n"
+" - Призначити аргументи, що залишилися позиційним параметрам.\n"
+" Параметри -x та -v вимикаються.\n"
+" \n"
+" Вимкнути параметр можна вказавши + замість -. Параметри можна змінювати\n"
+" й після запуску оболонки. Наразі ввімкнені параметри можна побачити у\n"
+" змінній $-. Залишкові аргументи вважаються позиційними параметрами\n"
+" та призначаються по порядку відповідно до $1 $2, .. $n. Якщо АРГУМЕНТИ не\n"
+" вказані, виводиться список усіх змінних оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо вказані правильні параметри."
+
+#: builtins.c:1104
+msgid ""
+"Unset values and attributes of shell variables and functions.\n"
+" \n"
+" For each NAME, remove the corresponding variable or function.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -f\ttreat each NAME as a shell function\n"
+" -v\ttreat each NAME as a shell variable\n"
+" \n"
+" Without options, unset first tries to unset a variable, and if that fails,\n"
+" tries to unset a function.\n"
+" \n"
+" Some variables cannot be unset; also see `readonly'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a NAME is read-only."
+msgstr ""
+"Скидає значення та параметри змінних та функцій оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Вилучає змінні чи функції, вказані за ІМЕНАМИ.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -f\tІМЕНА є функціями оболонки.\n"
+" -v\tІМЕНА є змінними оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Без параметрів, unset спочатку намагається скинути змінну, якщо це не\n"
+" вдасться, тоді функцію.\n"
+" \n"
+" Деякі змінні не можуть бути скинутими; див. `readonly'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо вказано неправильний параметр чи ІМ’Я\n"
+" доступне лише для читання."
+
+#: builtins.c:1124
+msgid ""
+"Set export attribute for shell variables.\n"
+" \n"
+" Marks each NAME for automatic export to the environment of subsequently\n"
+" executed commands. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE before exporting.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -f\trefer to shell functions\n"
+" -n\tremove the export property from each NAME\n"
+" -p\tdisplay a list of all exported variables and functions\n"
+" \n"
+" An argument of `--' disables further option processing.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+"Вмикає властивість експортування змінних оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Позначає кожне з ІМЕН для експорту у оточення запущених надалі команд.\n"
+" Якщо вказане ЗНАЧЕННЯ, призначає ЗНАЧЕННЯ перед тим, як експортувати.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -f\tПрацювати з функціями оболонки.\n"
+" -n\tВимкнути властивість експортування на ІМЕНАХ.\n"
+" -p\tВивести список усіх експортованих змінних та функцій.\n"
+" \n"
+" Аргумент `--' вимикає подальший аналіз параметрів.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо вказано правильні параметри та ІМЕНА."
+
+#: builtins.c:1143
+msgid ""
+"Mark shell variables as unchangeable.\n"
+" \n"
+" Mark each NAME as read-only; the values of these NAMEs may not be\n"
+" changed by subsequent assignment. If VALUE is supplied, assign VALUE\n"
+" before marking as read-only.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a\trefer to indexed array variables\n"
+" -A\trefer to associative array variables\n"
+" -f\trefer to shell functions\n"
+" -p\tdisplay a list of all readonly variables and functions\n"
+" \n"
+" An argument of `--' disables further option processing.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or NAME is invalid."
+msgstr ""
+"Робить змінні оболонки незмінними.\n"
+" \n"
+" Позначає кожне з ІМЕН як незмінне; після цього значення ІМЕН не можуть\n"
+" бути змінені призначенням. Якщо вказане ЗНАЧЕННЯ, воно призначається, перш\n"
+" ніж змінну буде позначено незмінною.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -a\tПрацювати з індексованими масивами.\n"
+" -A\tПрацювати з асоціативними масивами.\n"
+" -f\tПрацювати з функціями оболонки.\n"
+" -p\tВивести список всіх незмінних змінних та функцій.\n"
+" \n"
+" Аргумент `--' вимикає подальший аналіз параметрів.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо вказано правильні параметри та ІМЕНА."
+
+#: builtins.c:1164
+msgid ""
+"Shift positional parameters.\n"
+" \n"
+" Rename the positional parameters $N+1,$N+2 ... to $1,$2 ... If N is\n"
+" not given, it is assumed to be 1.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless N is negative or greater than $#."
+msgstr ""
+"Зсуває позиційні параметри.\n"
+" \n"
+" Перейменовує позиційні параметри $N+1,$N+2 ... у $1,$2 ... Якщо N не\n"
+" вказане, береться 1.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо N менше за нуль чи більше за $#."
+
+#: builtins.c:1176 builtins.c:1191
+msgid ""
+"Execute commands from a file in the current shell.\n"
+" \n"
+" Read and execute commands from FILENAME in the current shell. The\n"
+" entries in $PATH are used to find the directory containing FILENAME.\n"
+" If any ARGUMENTS are supplied, they become the positional parameters\n"
+" when FILENAME is executed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed in FILENAME; fails if\n"
+" FILENAME cannot be read."
+msgstr ""
+"Виконує команди з файлу у поточній оболонці.\n"
+" \n"
+" Читає та виконує команди з ФАЙЛУ у поточній оболонці. Елементи $PATH\n"
+" використовуються при пошуку ФАЙЛУ. Якщо вказані АРГУМЕНТИ, вони стають\n"
+" позиційними параметрами при запуску ФАЙЛУ.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення останньої команди, виконаної у ФАЙЛІ, або\n"
+" помилку, якщо ФАЙЛ не вдається прочитати."
+
+#: builtins.c:1207
+msgid ""
+"Suspend shell execution.\n"
+" \n"
+" Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a SIGCONT signal.\n"
+" Unless forced, login shells cannot be suspended.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -f\tforce the suspend, even if the shell is a login shell\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless job control is not enabled or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Призупиняє виконання оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Призупиняє виконання оболонки до отримання сигналу SIGCONT. Зазвичай,\n"
+" оболонки сеансу не можуть бути призупинені.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -f\tПризупинити, навіть якщо це оболонка сеансу.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо не ввімкнене керування завданнями чи\n"
+" якщо трапиться помилка."
+
+#: builtins.c:1223
+msgid ""
+"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exits with a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on\n"
+" the evaluation of EXPR. Expressions may be unary or binary. Unary\n"
+" expressions are often used to examine the status of a file. There\n"
+" are string operators as well, and numeric comparison operators.\n"
+" \n"
+" File operators:\n"
+" \n"
+" -a FILE True if file exists.\n"
+" -b FILE True if file is block special.\n"
+" -c FILE True if file is character special.\n"
+" -d FILE True if file is a directory.\n"
+" -e FILE True if file exists.\n"
+" -f FILE True if file exists and is a regular file.\n"
+" -g FILE True if file is set-group-id.\n"
+" -h FILE True if file is a symbolic link.\n"
+" -L FILE True if file is a symbolic link.\n"
+" -k FILE True if file has its `sticky' bit set.\n"
+" -p FILE True if file is a named pipe.\n"
+" -r FILE True if file is readable by you.\n"
+" -s FILE True if file exists and is not empty.\n"
+" -S FILE True if file is a socket.\n"
+" -t FD True if FD is opened on a terminal.\n"
+" -u FILE True if the file is set-user-id.\n"
+" -w FILE True if the file is writable by you.\n"
+" -x FILE True if the file is executable by you.\n"
+" -O FILE True if the file is effectively owned by you.\n"
+" -G FILE True if the file is effectively owned by your group.\n"
+" -N FILE True if the file has been modified since it was last read.\n"
+" \n"
+" FILE1 -nt FILE2 True if file1 is newer than file2 (according to\n"
+" modification date).\n"
+" \n"
+" FILE1 -ot FILE2 True if file1 is older than file2.\n"
+" \n"
+" FILE1 -ef FILE2 True if file1 is a hard link to file2.\n"
+" \n"
+" String operators:\n"
+" \n"
+" -z STRING True if string is empty.\n"
+" \n"
+" -n STRING\n"
+" STRING True if string is not empty.\n"
+" \n"
+" STRING1 = STRING2\n"
+" True if the strings are equal.\n"
+" STRING1 != STRING2\n"
+" True if the strings are not equal.\n"
+" STRING1 < STRING2\n"
+" True if STRING1 sorts before STRING2 lexicographically.\n"
+" STRING1 > STRING2\n"
+" True if STRING1 sorts after STRING2 lexicographically.\n"
+" \n"
+" Other operators:\n"
+" \n"
+" -o OPTION True if the shell option OPTION is enabled.\n"
+" ! EXPR True if expr is false.\n"
+" EXPR1 -a EXPR2 True if both expr1 AND expr2 are true.\n"
+" EXPR1 -o EXPR2 True if either expr1 OR expr2 is true.\n"
+" \n"
+" arg1 OP arg2 Arithmetic tests. OP is one of -eq, -ne,\n"
+" -lt, -le, -gt, or -ge.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arithmetic binary operators return true if ARG1 is equal, not-equal,\n"
+" less-than, less-than-or-equal, greater-than, or greater-than-or-equal\n"
+" than ARG2.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success if EXPR evaluates to true; fails if EXPR evaluates to\n"
+" false or an invalid argument is given."
+msgstr ""
+"Перевіряє умовний вираз.\n"
+" \n"
+" Завершується з кодом 0 (істинний) чи 1 (хибний), в залежності від\n"
+" результату виконання ВИРАЗУ. Вирази можуть бути унарними чи бінарними.\n"
+" Унарні вирази часто використовуються для визначення властивостей файлу.\n"
+" Також є оператори для рядків та для порівняння чисел.\n"
+" \n"
+" Файлові оператори:\n"
+" \n"
+" -a файл Істинний, якщо файл існує.\n"
+" -b файл Істинний, якщо файл є блоковим пристроєм.\n"
+" -c файл Істинний, якщо файл є символьним пристроєм.\n"
+" -d файл Істинний, якщо файл є директорією.\n"
+" -e файл Істинний, якщо файл існує.\n"
+" -f файл Істинний, якщо файл існує та є звичайним файлом.\n"
+" -g файл Істинний, якщо файл має встановлений біт `set-group-id'.\n"
+" -h файл Істинний, якщо файл є символічним посиланням.\n"
+" -L файл Істинний, якщо файл є символічним посиланням.\n"
+" -k файл Істинний, якщо файл має встановленим біт `sticky'.\n"
+" -p файл Істинний, якщо файл є іменованим каналом.\n"
+" -r файл Істинний, якщо ви можете читати файл.\n"
+" -s файл Істинний, якщо файл існує і не є порожнім.\n"
+" -S файл Істинний, якщо файл є сокетом.\n"
+" -t дескриптор Істинний, якщо дескриптор відкритий у терміналі.\n"
+" -u файл Істинний, якщо файл має встановлений біт `set-user-id'.\n"
+" -w файл Істинний, якщо ви можете записувати до файлу.\n"
+" -x файл Істинний, якщо ви можете виконати файл.\n"
+" -O файл Істинний, якщо ви є власником файлу.\n"
+" -G файл Істинний, якщо ваша група є власником файлу.\n"
+" -N файл Істинний, якщо файл був змінений після останнього\n"
+" читання\n"
+" \n"
+" файл1 -nt файл2 Істинний, якщо файл1 новіший за файл2 (за датою зміни).\n"
+" \n"
+" файл1 -ot файл2 Істинний, якщо файл1 старіший за файл2.\n"
+" \n"
+" файл1 -ef файл2 Істинний, якщо файл1 є жорстким посиланням на файл2.\n"
+" \n"
+" Оператори з рядками:\n"
+" \n"
+" -z рядок Істинний, якщо рядок порожній.\n"
+" \n"
+" -n рядок\n"
+" рядок Істинний, якщо рядок не порожній.\n"
+" \n"
+" рядок1 = рядок2\n"
+" Істинний, якщо рядки однакові.\n"
+" рядок1 != рядок2\n"
+" Істинний, якщо рядки не однакові.\n"
+" рядок1 < рядок2\n"
+" Істинний, якщо при лексикографічному сортуванні рядок1\n"
+" буде іти перед рядком\n"
+" рядок1 > рядок2\n"
+" Істинний, якщо при лексикографічному сортуванні рядок1\n"
+" ітиме після рядка2.\n"
+" \n"
+" Інші оператори:\n"
+" \n"
+" -o параметр Істинний, якщо параметр оболонки ввімкнено.\n"
+" ! вираз Істинний, якщо вираз хибний.\n"
+" вираз1 -a вираз2 Істинний, якщо обидва вирази істинні.\n"
+" вираз1 -o вираз2 Істинний, якщо хоч один з виразів істинний.\n"
+" \n"
+" аргумент1 ОПЕРАТОР аргумент2\n"
+" Арифметичне порівняння. ОПЕРАТОР може бути: -eq, -ne,\n"
+" -lt, -le, -gt, чи -ge.\n"
+" \n"
+" Арифметичні бінарні оператори істинні, якщо аргумент1 рівний, не рівний,\n"
+" менший, менший чи рівний, більший, чи більший чи рівний аргументу2.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо ВИРАЗ істинний; невдало, якщо вказано\n"
+" невірний аргумент чи ВИРАЗ хибний."
+
+#: builtins.c:1299
+msgid ""
+"Evaluate conditional expression.\n"
+" \n"
+" This is a synonym for the \"test\" builtin, but the last argument must\n"
+" be a literal `]', to match the opening `['."
+msgstr ""
+"Перевіряє умовний вираз.\n"
+" \n"
+" Це синонім до вбудованої команди \"test\", але на відміну від неї останнім\n"
+" аргументом має бути `]'."
+
+#: builtins.c:1308
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Display process times.\n"
+" \n"
+" Prints the accumulated user and system times for the shell and all of its\n"
+" child processes.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Always succeeds."
+msgstr ""
+"Показує час виконання процесу.\n"
+" \n"
+" Виводить збірний час виконання оболонки та її нащадків на рівні\n"
+" користувача та на рівні системи.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завжди успішна."
+
+#: builtins.c:1320
+msgid ""
+"Trap signals and other events.\n"
+" \n"
+" Defines and activates handlers to be run when the shell receives signals\n"
+" or other conditions.\n"
+" \n"
+" ARG is a command to be read and executed when the shell receives the\n"
+" signal(s) SIGNAL_SPEC. If ARG is absent (and a single SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" is supplied) or `-', each specified signal is reset to its original\n"
+" value. If ARG is the null string each SIGNAL_SPEC is ignored by the\n"
+" shell and by the commands it invokes.\n"
+" \n"
+" If a SIGNAL_SPEC is EXIT (0) ARG is executed on exit from the shell. If\n"
+" a SIGNAL_SPEC is DEBUG, ARG is executed before every simple command.\n"
+" \n"
+" If no arguments are supplied, trap prints the list of commands associated\n"
+" with each signal.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -l\tprint a list of signal names and their corresponding numbers\n"
+" -p\tdisplay the trap commands associated with each SIGNAL_SPEC\n"
+" \n"
+" Each SIGNAL_SPEC is either a signal name in <signal.h> or a signal number.\n"
+" Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. A\n"
+" signal may be sent to the shell with \"kill -signal $$\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless a SIGSPEC is invalid or an invalid option is given."
+msgstr ""
+"Ставить пастки на сигнали чи інші події.\n"
+" \n"
+" Визначає та активує обробники для отриманих оболонкою сигналів чи інших\n"
+" подій.\n"
+" \n"
+" АРГУМЕНТ є командою, яку буде запущено оболонкою при отриманні\n"
+" СИГНАЛУ(ІВ). Якщо АРГУМЕНТ не вказано (а СИГНАЛ вказано) або вказано\n"
+" `-' як АРГУМЕНТ, кожен вказаний СИГНАЛ встановлюється у його\n"
+" початковий стан. Якщо АРГУМЕНТ є порожнім рядком, СИГНАЛ(И) буде\n"
+" ігноруватися оболонкою та запущеними з неї командами.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо СИГНАЛ є EXIT (0), АРГУМЕНТ буде виконано при виході з оболонки. Якщо\n"
+" СИГНАЛ є DEBUG, АРГУМЕНТ буде виконуватися перед кожною простою командою.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо аргументи взагалі не вказані, trap надрукує список команд,\n"
+" призначених до сигналів.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -l\tВивести список сигналів та їх номерів.\n"
+" -p\tПоказати команди, призначені СИГНАЛАМ.\n"
+" \n"
+" Кожен з СИГНАЛІВ має бути або назвою сигналу з <signal.h> або номером\n"
+" номером сигналу. Назви сигналів нечутливі до регістру літер, префікс SIG\n"
+" не обов’язковий. Сигнал можна надіслати оболонці за допомогою\n"
+" \"kill -signal $$\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо вказані правильні параметри та СИГНАЛИ."
+
+#: builtins.c:1352
+msgid ""
+"Display information about command type.\n"
+" \n"
+" For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a\n"
+" command name.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -a\tdisplay all locations containing an executable named NAME;\n"
+" \tincludes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if\n"
+" \tthe `-p' option is not also used\n"
+" -f\tsuppress shell function lookup\n"
+" -P\tforce a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias,\n"
+" \tbuiltin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file\n"
+" \tthat would be executed\n"
+" -p\treturns either the name of the disk file that would be executed,\n"
+" \tor nothing if `type -t NAME' would not return `file'.\n"
+" -t\toutput a single word which is one of `alias', `keyword',\n"
+" \t`function', `builtin', `file' or `', if NAME is an alias, shell\n"
+" \treserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or not\n"
+" \tfound, respectively\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" NAME\tCommand name to be interpreted.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success if all of the NAMEs are found; fails if any are not found."
+msgstr ""
+"Показує тип команди.\n"
+" \n"
+" Для кожного ІМЕНІ показує, як воно буде сприйняте, введене як команда.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -a\tПоказати усі можливі інтерпретації ІМЕНІ; якщо не вказано\n"
+" \tпараметр `-p', охоплює також псевдоніми, вбудовані команди, функції.\n"
+" -f\tНе шукати серед функцій оболонки.\n"
+" -P\tВиводити лише дискові команди, знайдені за PATH.\n"
+" -p\tВивести лише ім’я файлу на диску, або нічого.\n"
+" -t\tВивести одне слово, що вказує тип — `alias', `keyword',\n"
+" \t`function', `builtin', `file' чи `', якщо ІМ’Я відповідно є\n"
+" \tпсевдонімом, зарезервованим словом оболонки, функцією оболонки\n"
+" \tвбудованою командою оболонки, файлом на диску чи не знайдене.\n"
+" \n"
+" Аргументи:\n"
+" ІМ’Я\tІм’я команди для інтерпретації.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо буде знайдено усі ІМЕНА; невдало, якщо\n"
+" хоч одне з них не вдасться знайти."
+
+#: builtins.c:1383
+msgid ""
+"Modify shell resource limits.\n"
+" \n"
+" Provides control over the resources available to the shell and processes\n"
+" it creates, on systems that allow such control.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -S\tuse the `soft' resource limit\n"
+" -H\tuse the `hard' resource limit\n"
+" -a\tall current limits are reported\n"
+" -b\tthe socket buffer size\n"
+" -c\tthe maximum size of core files created\n"
+" -d\tthe maximum size of a process's data segment\n"
+" -e\tthe maximum scheduling priority (`nice')\n"
+" -f\tthe maximum size of files written by the shell and its children\n"
+" -i\tthe maximum number of pending signals\n"
+" -l\tthe maximum size a process may lock into memory\n"
+" -m\tthe maximum resident set size\n"
+" -n\tthe maximum number of open file descriptors\n"
+" -p\tthe pipe buffer size\n"
+" -q\tthe maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues\n"
+" -r\tthe maximum real-time scheduling priority\n"
+" -s\tthe maximum stack size\n"
+" -t\tthe maximum amount of cpu time in seconds\n"
+" -u\tthe maximum number of user processes\n"
+" -v\tthe size of virtual memory\n"
+" -x\tthe maximum number of file locks\n"
+" \n"
+" If LIMIT is given, it is the new value of the specified resource; the\n"
+" special LIMIT values `soft', `hard', and `unlimited' stand for the\n"
+" current soft limit, the current hard limit, and no limit, respectively.\n"
+" Otherwise, the current value of the specified resource is printed. If\n"
+" no option is given, then -f is assumed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -t, which is in seconds,\n"
+" -p, which is in increments of 512 bytes, and -u, which is an unscaled\n"
+" number of processes.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Змінює обмеження ресурсів оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Дозволяє керувати доступними оболонці та створеним нею процесам ресурсами,\n"
+" якщо це підтримується системою.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -S\tВикористовувати `soft' обмеження.\n"
+" -H\tВикористовувати `hard' обмеження.\n"
+" -a\tНадати звіт про поточні обмеження.\n"
+" -b\tРозмір буфера сокетів.\n"
+" -c\tМаксимальний розмір файлу дампу пам’яті.\n"
+" -d\tМаксимальний розмір сегменту даних процесу.\n"
+" -e\tМаксимальний пріоритет виконання (`nice').\n"
+" -f\tМаксимальний розмір файлів, записаних оболонкою та нащадками.\n"
+" -i\tМаксимальна кількість сигналів, що очікують обробки.\n"
+" -l\tМаксимальний розмір, який процес може заблокувати в пам’яті.\n"
+" -m\tМаксимальний розмір резидентного набору.\n"
+" -n\tМаксимальна кількість відкритих файлових дескрипторів.\n"
+" -p\tРозмір буфера каналу.\n"
+" -q\tМаксимальний розмір повідомлення у чергах повідомлень POSIX\n"
+" \t(у байтах).\n"
+" -r\tМаксимальний пріоритет виконання у реальному часі.\n"
+" -s\tМаксимальний розмір стеку.\n"
+" -t\tМаксимальний час використання процесору (у секундах).\n"
+" -u\tМаксимальна кількість процесів користувача.\n"
+" -v\tРозмір віртуальної пам’яті.\n"
+" -x\tМаксимальна кількість блокувань файлів.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо вказане ОБМЕЖЕННЯ, воно встановлюється як нове значення обмеження\n"
+" використання вказаного ресурсу; спеціальні значення ОБМЕЖЕННЯ `soft',\n"
+" `hard', та `unlimited' означають, відповідно, поточне м’яке обмеження,\n"
+" поточне жорстке обмеження та відсутність обмежень. Якщо ОБМЕЖЕННЯ не\n"
+" вказане, виводиться поточне значення вказаного ресурсу. Якщо не вказано\n"
+" жодного параметру, береться -f.\n"
+" \n"
+" Значення можуть змінюватися із кроком у 1024 байти, за виключенням -t,\n"
+" що вказується в секундах, -p, яке має крок 512 байтів та -u, що є\n"
+" кількістю процесів без кроку.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо вказано неправильний параметр чи\n"
+" трапилася помилка під час виконання."
+
+#: builtins.c:1428
+msgid ""
+"Display or set file mode mask.\n"
+" \n"
+" Sets the user file-creation mask to MODE. If MODE is omitted, prints\n"
+" the current value of the mask.\n"
+" \n"
+" If MODE begins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number;\n"
+" otherwise it is a symbolic mode string like that accepted by chmod(1).\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -p\tif MODE is omitted, output in a form that may be reused as input\n"
+" -S\tmakes the output symbolic; otherwise an octal number is output\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless MODE is invalid or an invalid option is given."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановлює чи показує маску дозволів для файлів.\n"
+" \n"
+" Встановлює МАСКУ дозволів для створених файлів. Якщо МАСКУ не вказано,\n"
+" виводить поточне значення маски.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо МАСКА починається з цифри, вона вважається вісімковим числом;\n"
+" якщо ні — вона має бути рядком символьного режиму, подібним до того, що\n"
+" використовується chmod(1).\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -p\tЯкщо МАСКУ не вказано, вивести її у формі, придатній для виконання.\n"
+" -S\tВиводити у символьному режимі; інакше виводиться вісімкове число.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо вказано правильну МАСКУ та параметри."
+
+#: builtins.c:1448
+msgid ""
+"Wait for job completion and return exit status.\n"
+" \n"
+" Waits for the process identified by ID, which may be a process ID or a\n"
+" job specification, and reports its termination status. If ID is not\n"
+" given, waits for all currently active child processes, and the return\n"
+" status is zero. If ID is a a job specification, waits for all processes\n"
+" in the job's pipeline.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is\n"
+" given."
+msgstr ""
+"Чекає завершення виконання завдання та повертає його код завершення.\n"
+" \n"
+" Очікує завершення роботи процесу, вказаного за ІДЕНТИФІКАТОРОМ, що може\n"
+" бути ідентифікатором процесу чи завдання, та повертає його код завершення.\n"
+" Якщо ІДЕНТИФІКАТОР не вказано, очікує завершення усіх активних дочірніх\n"
+" процесів та повертає код 0. Якщо ІДЕНТИФІКАТОР є завданням, очікує на\n"
+" завершення усіх процесів у ланцюжку завдання.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення вказаного завдання; помилку, якщо вказано\n"
+" неправильні параметри чи ІДЕНТИФІКАТОР."
+
+#: builtins.c:1466
+msgid ""
+"Wait for process completion and return exit status.\n"
+" \n"
+" Waits for the specified process and reports its termination status. If\n"
+" PID is not given, all currently active child processes are waited for,\n"
+" and the return code is zero. PID must be a process ID.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of ID; fails if ID is invalid or an invalid option is\n"
+" given."
+msgstr ""
+"Очікує на завершення роботи процесу та повертає його код завершення.\n"
+" \n"
+" Очікує поки завершиться вказаний процес та доповідає про його успішність.\n"
+" Якщо ІДЕНТИФІКАТОР-ПРОЦЕСУ не вказаний, очікує завершення усіх дочірніх\n"
+" процесів й завершується з кодом 0. ІДЕНТИФІКАТОР має бути ідентифікатором\n"
+" процесу.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення вказаного процесу; помилку, якщо вказано\n"
+" неправильний ІДЕНТИФІКАТОР чи параметр."
+
+#: builtins.c:1481
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Execute commands for each member in a list.\n"
+" \n"
+" The `for' loop executes a sequence of commands for each member in a\n"
+" list of items. If `in WORDS ...;' is not present, then `in \"$@\"' is\n"
+" assumed. For each element in WORDS, NAME is set to that element, and\n"
+" the COMMANDS are executed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+"Виконує команди, підставляючи по черзі елементи списку.\n"
+" \n"
+" Цикл `for' виконує послідовність команд для кожного елементу списку.\n"
+" Якщо `in СЛОВА ...;' не вказано, тоді береться `in \"$@\"'. ІМ’Я\n"
+" послідовно встановлюється у кожне зі СЛІВ та виконуються КОМАНДИ.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення останньої виконаної команди."
+
+#: builtins.c:1495
+msgid ""
+"Arithmetic for loop.\n"
+" \n"
+" Equivalent to\n"
+" \t(( EXP1 ))\n"
+" \twhile (( EXP2 )); do\n"
+" \t\tCOMMANDS\n"
+" \t\t(( EXP3 ))\n"
+" \tdone\n"
+" EXP1, EXP2, and EXP3 are arithmetic expressions. If any expression is\n"
+" omitted, it behaves as if it evaluates to 1.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+"Арифметичний цикл.\n"
+" \n"
+" Те ж саме, що й\n"
+" \t(( ВИРАЗ1 ))\n"
+" \twhile (( ВИРАЗ2 )); do\n"
+" \t\tКОМАНДИ\n"
+" \t\t(( ВИРАЗ3 ))\n"
+" \tdone\n"
+" ВИРАЗИ мають бути арифметичними виразами. Якщо будь-який з них не\n"
+" вказаний, цикл поводиться, як ніби його результатом є 1.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення останньої виконаної команди."
+
+#: builtins.c:1513
+msgid ""
+"Select words from a list and execute commands.\n"
+" \n"
+" The WORDS are expanded, generating a list of words. The\n"
+" set of expanded words is printed on the standard error, each\n"
+" preceded by a number. If `in WORDS' is not present, `in \"$@\"'\n"
+" is assumed. The PS3 prompt is then displayed and a line read\n"
+" from the standard input. If the line consists of the number\n"
+" corresponding to one of the displayed words, then NAME is set\n"
+" to that word. If the line is empty, WORDS and the prompt are\n"
+" redisplayed. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other\n"
+" value read causes NAME to be set to null. The line read is saved\n"
+" in the variable REPLY. COMMANDS are executed after each selection\n"
+" until a break command is executed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+"Пропонує вибрати слово та виконує відповідні команди.\n"
+" \n"
+" СЛОВА розгортаються, утворюючи список слів. Отриманий список слів\n"
+" виводиться пронумерованим до стандартного виводу помилок. Якщо `in СЛОВА'\n"
+" не вказано, береться `in \"$@\"'. Тоді виводиться запрошення PS3 та зі\n"
+" стандартного вводу зчитується рядок. Якщо цей рядок є числом, що вказує\n"
+" номер одного зі слів, ІМ’Я встановлюється у це слово. Якщо рядок порожній,\n"
+" СЛОВА та запрошення виводяться знов. Якщо прочитано кінець файлу, команда\n"
+" завершується. Якщо рядок містить щось інше, ІМЕНІ призначається порожній\n"
+" рядок. Прочитаний рядок зберігається у змінній REPLY. Після кожного\n"
+" зчитування виконуються КОМАНДИ. Команда продовжує виконання доки не\n"
+" буде викликано команду break.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення останньої виконаної команди."
+
+#: builtins.c:1534
+msgid ""
+"Report time consumed by pipeline's execution.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time,\n"
+" and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -p\tprint the timing summary in the portable Posix format\n"
+" \n"
+" The value of the TIMEFORMAT variable is used as the output format.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" The return status is the return status of PIPELINE."
+msgstr ""
+"Доповідає про час виконання ланцюжка команд.\n"
+" \n"
+" Виконує ЛАНЦЮЖОК та, по його завершенні, друкує звіт про час процесора,\n"
+" витрачений користувачем, системою та сумарно на виконання ЛАНЦЮЖКА.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -p\tДрукує звіт у форматі, що відповідає стандарту POSIX.\n"
+" \n"
+" Час виводиться у форматі, вказаному у змінній TIMEFORMAT.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення ЛАНЦЮЖКА-КОМАНД."
+
+#: builtins.c:1551
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Execute commands based on pattern matching.\n"
+" \n"
+" Selectively execute COMMANDS based upon WORD matching PATTERN. The\n"
+" `|' is used to separate multiple patterns.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+"Вибірково виконує команди відповідно до шаблону.\n"
+" \n"
+" Вибірково виконує КОМАНДИ, в залежності від відповідності СЛОВА ШАБЛОНУ.\n"
+" Декілька шаблонів можуть бути вказані через `|'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення останньої виконаної команди."
+
+#: builtins.c:1563
+msgid ""
+"Execute commands based on conditional.\n"
+" \n"
+" The `if COMMANDS' list is executed. If its exit status is zero, then the\n"
+" `then COMMANDS' list is executed. Otherwise, each `elif COMMANDS' list is\n"
+" executed in turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding\n"
+" `then COMMANDS' list is executed and the if command completes. Otherwise,\n"
+" the `else COMMANDS' list is executed, if present. The exit status of the\n"
+" entire construct is the exit status of the last command executed, or zero\n"
+" if no condition tested true.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+"Виконує команди відповідно до умови.\n"
+" \n"
+" КОМАНДИ з `if КОМАНДИ' виконуються, і якщо їх код завершення нульовий,\n"
+" виконуються КОМАНДИ з `then КОМАНДИ'. Інакше в свою чергу виконуються\n"
+" команди з `elif КОМАНДИ', і якщо їх код завершення нульовий, виконуються\n"
+" КОМАНДИ з відповідного `then КОМАНДИ'. Інакше виконуються КОМАНДИ з\n"
+" `else КОМАНДИ'. Блоки elif та else не обов’язкові.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення останньої виконаної команди або нуль,\n"
+" якщо жодна з перевірених умов не була істинною."
+
+#: builtins.c:1580
+msgid ""
+"Execute commands as long as a test succeeds.\n"
+" \n"
+" Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the\n"
+" `while' COMMANDS has an exit status of zero.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+"Циклічно виконує команди поки виконується умова.\n"
+" \n"
+" Виконуватиме КОМАНДИ, поки остання команда з КОМАНД у `while'\n"
+" не завершиться невдало.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення останньої виконаної команди."
+
+#: builtins.c:1592
+msgid ""
+"Execute commands as long as a test does not succeed.\n"
+" \n"
+" Expand and execute COMMANDS as long as the final command in the\n"
+" `until' COMMANDS has an exit status which is not zero.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+"Виконує команди доки умову не буде виконано.\n"
+" \n"
+" Виконуватиме КОМАНДИ, поки остання команда з КОМАНД у `until'\n"
+" не завершиться успішно.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення останньої виконаної команди."
+
+# WTF? How can it return exit code of _asynchronous_ process...
+#: builtins.c:1604
+msgid ""
+"Create a coprocess named NAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Execute COMMAND asynchronously, with the standard output and standard\n"
+" input of the command connected via a pipe to file descriptors assigned\n"
+" to indices 0 and 1 of an array variable NAME in the executing shell.\n"
+" The default NAME is \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the exit status of COMMAND."
+msgstr ""
+"Створює співпроцес з іменем ІМ’Я.\n"
+" \n"
+" Починає асинхронне виконання КОМАНДИ, під’єднавши її стандартний ввід та\n"
+" вивід через канали до файлових дескрипторів, які присвоюються елементам 0\n"
+" та 1 змінної-масиву ІМ’Я.\n"
+" Стандартне ім’я змінної — \"COPROC\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає код завершення КОМАНДИ."
+
+#: builtins.c:1618
+msgid ""
+"Define shell function.\n"
+" \n"
+" Create a shell function named NAME. When invoked as a simple command,\n"
+" NAME runs COMMANDs in the calling shell's context. When NAME is invoked,\n"
+" the arguments are passed to the function as $1...$n, and the function's\n"
+" name is in $FUNCNAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless NAME is readonly."
+msgstr ""
+"Описує функцію оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Створює функцію оболонки з іменем ІМ’Я. Функція запускається як звичайна\n"
+" команда з іменем ІМ’Я та послідовно виконує КОМАНДИ. Аргументи до команди\n"
+" призначаються на час виконання змінним $1...$n, а назва функції — змінній\n"
+" $FUNCNAME.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо ІМ’Я є незмінним."
+
+#: builtins.c:1632
+msgid ""
+"Group commands as a unit.\n"
+" \n"
+" Run a set of commands in a group. This is one way to redirect an\n"
+" entire set of commands.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the last command executed."
+msgstr ""
+"Групує команди в один блок.\n"
+" \n"
+" Виконує згрупований набір команд. Це один з методів перенаправлення виводу\n"
+" групи команд.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Конструкція повертає код завершення останньої виконаної команди."
+
+#: builtins.c:1644
+msgid ""
+"Resume job in foreground.\n"
+" \n"
+" Equivalent to the JOB_SPEC argument to the `fg' command. Resume a\n"
+" stopped or background job. JOB_SPEC can specify either a job name\n"
+" or a job number. Following JOB_SPEC with a `&' places the job in\n"
+" the background, as if the job specification had been supplied as an\n"
+" argument to `bg'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns the status of the resumed job."
+msgstr ""
+"Продовжує виконання завдання на передньому плані.\n"
+" \n"
+" Продовжує на передньому плані виконання призупиненого чи фонового\n"
+" завдання, як це робить команда `fg'. ЗАВДАННЯ може бути іменем чи номером\n"
+" завдання. Якщо після ЗАВДАННЯ вказано `&', завдання продовжує виконання у\n"
+" фоні, тобто команда має ефект команди `bg'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда повертає статус продовженого завдання."
+
+#: builtins.c:1659
+msgid ""
+"Evaluate arithmetic expression.\n"
+" \n"
+" The EXPRESSION is evaluated according to the rules for arithmetic\n"
+" evaluation. Equivalent to \"let EXPRESSION\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns 1 if EXPRESSION evaluates to 0; returns 0 otherwise."
+msgstr ""
+"Обчислює арифметичний вираз.\n"
+" \n"
+" Обчислює ВИРАЗ відповідно до правил арифметичного розкриття. Те ж саме,\n"
+" що й \"let ВИРАЗ\".\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо результат обчислення ненульовий."
+
+#: builtins.c:1671
+msgid ""
+"Execute conditional command.\n"
+" \n"
+" Returns a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the conditional\n"
+" expression EXPRESSION. Expressions are composed of the same primaries used\n"
+" by the `test' builtin, and may be combined using the following operators:\n"
+" \n"
+" ( EXPRESSION )\tReturns the value of EXPRESSION\n"
+" ! EXPRESSION\t\tTrue if EXPRESSION is false; else false\n"
+" EXPR1 && EXPR2\tTrue if both EXPR1 and EXPR2 are true; else false\n"
+" EXPR1 || EXPR2\tTrue if either EXPR1 or EXPR2 is true; else false\n"
+" \n"
+" When the `==' and `!=' operators are used, the string to the right of\n"
+" the operator is used as a pattern and pattern matching is performed.\n"
+" When the `=~' operator is used, the string to the right of the operator\n"
+" is matched as a regular expression.\n"
+" \n"
+" The && and || operators do not evaluate EXPR2 if EXPR1 is sufficient to\n"
+" determine the expression's value.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" 0 or 1 depending on value of EXPRESSION."
+msgstr ""
+"Виконує умовну команду.\n"
+" \n"
+" Повертає статус 0 чи 1, в залежності від результату обчислення умовного\n"
+" ВИРАЗУ. Вирази складаються з тих самих складових, що використовуються у\n"
+" вбудованій команді `test', але можуть також комбінуватися за допомогою:\n"
+" \n"
+" ( ВИРАЗ )\t\tПовертає значення ВИРАЗУ.\n"
+" ! ВИРАЗ\t\tІстинний, якщо ВИРАЗ хибний.\n"
+" ВИРАЗ1 && ВИРАЗ2\tІстинний, якщо обидва ВИРАЗИ істинні.\n"
+" ВИРАЗ1 || ВИРАЗ2\tІстинний, якщо хоч один з ВИРАЗІВ істинний.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо застосовуються оператори `==' та `!=', рядок з правої сторони\n"
+" вважається шаблоном, й проводиться перевірка на відповідність цьому\n"
+" шаблону. При застосуванні `=~' рядок зліва вважається регулярним\n"
+" виразом, відносно якого перевіряється правий рядок.\n"
+" \n"
+" Оператори && та || не обчислюють ВИРАЗ2, якщо ВИРАЗУ1 достатньо для\n"
+" визначення результату.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо ВИРАЗ істинний."
+
+#: builtins.c:1697
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Common shell variable names and usage.\n"
+" \n"
+" BASH_VERSION\tVersion information for this Bash.\n"
+" CDPATH\tA colon-separated list of directories to search\n"
+" \t\tfor directories given as arguments to `cd'.\n"
+" GLOBIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns describing filenames to\n"
+" \t\tbe ignored by pathname expansion.\n"
+" HISTFILE\tThe name of the file where your command history is stored.\n"
+" HISTFILESIZE\tThe maximum number of lines this file can contain.\n"
+" HISTSIZE\tThe maximum number of history lines that a running\n"
+" \t\tshell can access.\n"
+" HOME\tThe complete pathname to your login directory.\n"
+" HOSTNAME\tThe name of the current host.\n"
+" HOSTTYPE\tThe type of CPU this version of Bash is running under.\n"
+" IGNOREEOF\tControls the action of the shell on receipt of an EOF\n"
+" \t\tcharacter as the sole input. If set, then the value\n"
+" \t\tof it is the number of EOF characters that can be seen\n"
+" \t\tin a row on an empty line before the shell will exit\n"
+" \t\t(default 10). When unset, EOF signifies the end of input.\n"
+" MACHTYPE\tA string describing the current system Bash is running on.\n"
+" MAILCHECK\tHow often, in seconds, Bash checks for new mail.\n"
+" MAILPATH\tA colon-separated list of filenames which Bash checks\n"
+" \t\tfor new mail.\n"
+" OSTYPE\tThe version of Unix this version of Bash is running on.\n"
+" PATH\tA colon-separated list of directories to search when\n"
+" \t\tlooking for commands.\n"
+" PROMPT_COMMAND\tA command to be executed before the printing of each\n"
+" \t\tprimary prompt.\n"
+" PS1\t\tThe primary prompt string.\n"
+" PS2\t\tThe secondary prompt string.\n"
+" PWD\t\tThe full pathname of the current directory.\n"
+" SHELLOPTS\tA colon-separated list of enabled shell options.\n"
+" TERM\tThe name of the current terminal type.\n"
+" TIMEFORMAT\tThe output format for timing statistics displayed by the\n"
+" \t\t`time' reserved word.\n"
+" auto_resume\tNon-null means a command word appearing on a line by\n"
+" \t\titself is first looked for in the list of currently\n"
+" \t\tstopped jobs. If found there, that job is foregrounded.\n"
+" \t\tA value of `exact' means that the command word must\n"
+" \t\texactly match a command in the list of stopped jobs. A\n"
+" \t\tvalue of `substring' means that the command word must\n"
+" \t\tmatch a substring of the job. Any other value means that\n"
+" \t\tthe command must be a prefix of a stopped job.\n"
+" histchars\tCharacters controlling history expansion and quick\n"
+" \t\tsubstitution. The first character is the history\n"
+" \t\tsubstitution character, usually `!'. The second is\n"
+" \t\tthe `quick substitution' character, usually `^'. The\n"
+" \t\tthird is the `history comment' character, usually `#'.\n"
+" HISTIGNORE\tA colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which\n"
+" \t\tcommands should be saved on the history list.\n"
+msgstr ""
+"Використовувані змінні оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" BASH_VERSION\tІнформація про версію Bash.\n"
+" CDPATH\tРозділений двокрапкою список директорій, у яких оболонка буде\n"
+" \t\tшукати директорії, вказані команді `cd'.\n"
+" GLOBIGNORE\tРозділений двокрапкою список шаблонів імен файлів, які будуть\n"
+" \t\tігноруватися під час розкриття шляхів.\n"
+" HISTFILE\tІм’я файлу, де зберігається історія команд.\n"
+" HISTFILESIZE\tНайбільша дозволена кількість записів у файлі історії.\n"
+" HISTSIZE\tНайбільша кількість записів, які може використовувати\n"
+" \t\tпрацююча оболонка.\n"
+" HOME\tПовний шлях до вашої домівки.\n"
+" HOSTNAME\tІм’я поточної машини.\n"
+" HOSTTYPE\tТип процесора, на якому виконується оболонка.\n"
+" IGNOREEOF\tВизначає реакцію оболонки на символ кінця файлу на вводі.\n"
+" \t\tЯкщо змінна визначена, її значення є кількістю таких символів,\n"
+" \t\tщо можуть бути отримані під ряд й бути проігнорованими. Звичайне\n"
+" \t\tзначення — 10. Якщо змінна не визначена, символ кінця файлу\n"
+" \t\tозначатиме кінець вводу.\n"
+" MACHTYPE\tРядок, що описує поточну систему, на якій виконується Bash.\n"
+" MAILCHECK\tВизначає частоту перевірки пошти оболонкою.\n"
+" MAILPATH\tРозділений двокрапкою список файлів, які оболонка буде\n"
+" \t\tперевіряти на наявність нової пошти.\n"
+" OSTYPE\tВаріант Unix, на якому виконується оболонка.\n"
+" PATH\tРозділений двокрапкою список директорій, де оболонка шукатиме\n"
+" \t\tвиконувані файли команд.\n"
+" PROMPT_COMMAND\tКоманда, яку оболонка буде виконувати перш ніж вивести\n"
+" \t\tосновне запрошення вводу.\n"
+" PS1\t\tРядок основного запрошення вводу.\n"
+" PS2\t\tРядок вторинного запрошення вводу.\n"
+" PWD\t\tПовний шлях до поточної директорії.\n"
+" SHELLOPTS\tРозділений двокрапкою список увімкнених параметрів оболонки.\n"
+" TERM\tТип поточного терміналу.\n"
+" TIMEFORMAT\tФормат виводу часу командою `time'.\n"
+" auto_resume\tЯкщо встановлена, введені команди, що складаються з\n"
+" \t\tодного слова, спочатку будуть шукатися у списку наразі\n"
+" \t\tпризупинених завдань. Якщо таке завдання буде знайдене, його буде\n"
+" \t\tпереведено на передній план. Значення цієї змінної `exact' означає,\n"
+" \t\tщо слово має точно відповідати команді у списку завдань. Значення\n"
+" \t\t`substring' означає, що слово має міститися у команді завдання.\n"
+" \t\tБудь-яке інше значення означає, що команда завдання має\n"
+" \t\tпочинатися з вказаного слова.\n"
+" histchars\tСимволи, що використовуються для розкриття історії та\n"
+" \t\tшвидкої заміни. Перший символ є символом підставляння історії,\n"
+" \t\tзазвичай це `!'. Другий — символ `швидкої заміни', зазичай `^'.\n"
+" \t\tТретій — символ `коментаря історії', зазвичай це `#'.\n"
+" HISTIGNORE\tРозділений двокрапкою список шаблонів, що використовуються\n"
+" \t\tпри визначенні, чи зберігати команду у списку історії.\n"
+
+#: builtins.c:1754
+msgid ""
+"Add directories to stack.\n"
+" \n"
+" Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates\n"
+" the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working\n"
+" directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when adding\n"
+" \tdirectories to the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" +N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n"
+" \tfrom the left of the list shown by `dirs', starting with\n"
+" \tzero) is at the top.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tRotates the stack so that the Nth directory (counting\n"
+" \tfrom the right of the list shown by `dirs', starting with\n"
+" \tzero) is at the top.\n"
+" \n"
+" dir\tAdds DIR to the directory stack at the top, making it the\n"
+" \tnew current working directory.\n"
+" \n"
+" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
+" change fails."
+msgstr ""
+"Додає директорії до списку збережених директорій.\n"
+" \n"
+" Додає директорію на вершину стеку директорій, чи циклічно обертає\n"
+" стек, встановлюючи поточну робочу директорію відповідно до його нової\n"
+" вершини. Без аргументів міняє місцями дві найвищих директорії.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -n\tНе робити звичайного переходу у нову директорію при додаванні\n"
+" \t\tдиректорій до стеку, проводити операції лише над стеком.\n"
+" \n"
+" Аргументи:\n"
+" +N\tЦиклічно обертає стек так, щоб N-на директорія, рахуючи\n"
+" \t\tзліва (починаючи з нуля) у списку, що виводиться командою `dirs'\n"
+" \t\tопинилася на вершині стеку.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tЦиклічно обертає стек так, щоб N-на директорія, рахуючи\n"
+" \t\tз кінця (починаючи з нуля) у списку, що виводиться командою `dirs'\n"
+" \t\tопинилася на вершині стеку.\n"
+" \n"
+" ДИРЕКТОРІЯ\tДодає ДИРЕКТОРІЮ на вершину стеку, й робить її поточною\n"
+" \t\t\tробочою директорією.\n"
+" \n"
+" Вбудована команда `dirs' показує стек директорій.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо вказаний неправильний аргумент чи\n"
+" якщо не вдається змінити поточну директорію."
+
+#: builtins.c:1788
+msgid ""
+"Remove directories from stack.\n"
+" \n"
+" Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments, removes\n"
+" the top directory from the stack, and changes to the new top directory.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n\tSuppresses the normal change of directory when removing\n"
+" \tdirectories from the stack, so only the stack is manipulated.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" +N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the left of the list\n"
+" \tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd +0'\n"
+" \tremoves the first directory, `popd +1' the second.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tRemoves the Nth entry counting from the right of the list\n"
+" \tshown by `dirs', starting with zero. For example: `popd -0'\n"
+" \tremoves the last directory, `popd -1' the next to last.\n"
+" \n"
+" The `dirs' builtin displays the directory stack.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid argument is supplied or the directory\n"
+" change fails."
+msgstr ""
+"Вилучає директорії зі списку збережених директорій.\n"
+" \n"
+" Вилучає директорії зі стеку збережених директорій. Якщо аргументи не\n"
+" вказані, вилучає верхню директорію стеку й змінює поточну директорію\n"
+" відповідно до нової вершини стеку.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -n\tНе робити звичайного переходу до нової директорії при вилученні\n"
+" \t\tдиректорій зі стеку, проводити операції лише над стеком.\n"
+" \n"
+" Аргументи:\n"
+" +N\tВилучає N-ну зліва директорію у списку, що показується командою\n"
+" \t\t`dirs' (рахунок починається з нуля). Наприклад: `popd +0' вилучає\n"
+" \t\tпершу директорію, `popd +1' другу.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tВилучає N-ну з кінця директорію у списку, що показується\n"
+" \t\tкомандою `dirs' (рахунок починається з нуля). Наприклад: `popd -0'\n"
+" \t\tвилучає останню директорію, `popd -1' передостанню.\n"
+" \n"
+" Вбудована команда `dirs' показує список збережених директорій.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо вказано невірний аргумент чи якщо\n"
+" не вдається змінити поточну директорію."
+
+#: builtins.c:1818
+msgid ""
+"Display directory stack.\n"
+" \n"
+" Display the list of currently remembered directories. Directories\n"
+" find their way onto the list with the `pushd' command; you can get\n"
+" back up through the list with the `popd' command.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -c\tclear the directory stack by deleting all of the elements\n"
+" -l\tdo not print tilde-prefixed versions of directories relative\n"
+" \tto your home directory\n"
+" -p\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line\n"
+" -v\tprint the directory stack with one entry per line prefixed\n"
+" \twith its position in the stack\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" +N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the left of the list shown by\n"
+" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tDisplays the Nth entry counting from the right of the list shown by\n"
+" \tdirs when invoked without options, starting with zero.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Показує список збережених директорій.\n"
+" \n"
+" Показує список збережених директорій. Директорії додаються до цього списку\n"
+" командою `pushd'; ви можете повернутися назад по цьому списку за допомогою\n"
+" команди `popd'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -c\tОчистити список директорій, вилучивши усі його елементи.\n"
+" -l\tНе використовувати ~ при виводі директорій, що знаходяться\n"
+" \t\tусередині вашої домівки.\n"
+" -p\tВиводити директорії по одній на рядок.\n"
+" -v\tВиводити директорії по одній на рядок із вказанням позиції у\n"
+" \t\tсписку.\n"
+" \n"
+" Аргументи:\n"
+" +N\tПоказує N-ну зліва директорію у списку, що виводиться командою\n"
+" \t\tdirs без аргументів, рахунок починається з нуля.\n"
+" \n"
+" -N\tПоказує N-ну з кінця директорію у списку, що виводиться\n"
+" \t\tкомандою dirs без аргументів, рахунок починається з нуля. \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало, якщо вказано неправильний параметр чи якщо\n"
+" трапиться помилка."
+
+#: builtins.c:1847
+msgid ""
+"Set and unset shell options.\n"
+" \n"
+" Change the setting of each shell option OPTNAME. Without any option\n"
+" arguments, list all shell options with an indication of whether or not each\n"
+" is set.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -o\trestrict OPTNAMEs to those defined for use with `set -o'\n"
+" -p\tprint each shell option with an indication of its status\n"
+" -q\tsuppress output\n"
+" -s\tenable (set) each OPTNAME\n"
+" -u\tdisable (unset) each OPTNAME\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success if OPTNAME is enabled; fails if an invalid option is\n"
+" given or OPTNAME is disabled."
+msgstr ""
+"Встановлює та скидає параметри оболонки.\n"
+" \n"
+" Змінює значення ПАРАМЕТРІВ. Якщо ПАРАМЕТРИ не вказані, виводить список\n"
+" усіх параметрів оболонки, вказуючи, чи параметр ввімкнений, чи ні.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -o\tПриймати лише ПАРАМЕТРИ, з якими працює `set -o'.\n"
+" -p\tВивести список параметрів оболонки та їх поточний стан.\n"
+" -q\tНе виводити нічого.\n"
+" -s\tВвімкнути (встановити) кожен з ПАРАМЕТРІВ.\n"
+" -u\tВимкнути (скинути) кожен з ПАРАМЕТРІВ.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо ПАРАМЕТР ввімкнено; невдало, якщо\n"
+" вказано неправильні параметри чи ПАРАМЕТР вимкнено."
+
+#: builtins.c:1868
+msgid ""
+"Formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -v var\tassign the output to shell variable VAR rather than\n"
+" \t\tdisplay it on the standard output\n"
+" \n"
+" FORMAT is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain\n"
+" characters, which are simply copied to standard output; character escape\n"
+" sequences, which are converted and copied to the standard output; and\n"
+" format specifications, each of which causes printing of the next successive\n"
+" argument.\n"
+" \n"
+" In addition to the standard format specifications described in printf(1)\n"
+" and printf(3), printf interprets:\n"
+" \n"
+" %b\texpand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument\n"
+" %q\tquote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or a write or assignment\n"
+" error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Форматує та виводить аргументи відповідно до шаблону.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -v змінна\tПризначити результат змінній оболонки, замість того, щоб\n"
+" \t\tвивести його у стандартний вивід.\n"
+" \n"
+" ШАБЛОН складається з символів, які можуть бути трьох типів:\n"
+" звичайні символи, які просто копіюються у вивід; спеціальні\n"
+" послідовності, які інтерпретуються та тоді копіюються у вивід; та\n"
+" вказівки форматування замість кожної з яких підставляється відповідний\n"
+" аргумент.\n"
+" \n"
+" Окрім стандартних вказівок форматування, описаних у printf(1) та\n"
+" printf(3), printf також розуміє:\n"
+" \n"
+" %b\tІнтерпретувати спеціальні послідовності (що починаються зі\n"
+" \t\tзворотньої похилої риски) у відповідному аргументі.\n"
+" %q\tВзяти аргумент в лапки так, щоб його можна було використати як\n"
+" \t\tввід оболонки\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало лише якщо вказано неправильний параметр або\n"
+" якщо трапиться помилка запису чи присвоєння."
+
+#: builtins.c:1895
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Specify how arguments are to be completed by Readline.\n"
+" \n"
+" For each NAME, specify how arguments are to be completed. If no options\n"
+" are supplied, existing completion specifications are printed in a way that\n"
+" allows them to be reused as input.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -p\tprint existing completion specifications in a reusable format\n"
+" -r\tremove a completion specification for each NAME, or, if no\n"
+" \tNAMEs are supplied, all completion specifications\n"
+" -D\tapply the completions and actions as the default for commands\n"
+" \twithout any specific completion defined\n"
+" -E\tapply the completions and actions to \"empty\" commands --\n"
+" \tcompletion attempted on a blank line\n"
+" \n"
+" When completion is attempted, the actions are applied in the order the\n"
+" uppercase-letter options are listed above. The -D option takes\n"
+" precedence over -E.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Вказує, як буде завершувати аргументи readline.\n"
+" \n"
+" Визначає як завершувати аргументи для ІМЕН. Якщо параметри не вказані,\n"
+" будуть виведені існуючі вказівки завершення аргументів у формі,\n"
+" придатній для подальшого виконання.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -p\tВивести вказівки завершення у формі, придатній до виконання.\n"
+" -r\tВилучити вказівки завершення аргументів для ІМЕН (або, якщо\n"
+" \t\tІМЕНА не вказані, усі вказівки завершення).\n"
+" \n"
+" Коли робиться спроба завершення, дії виконуються у порядку, в якому\n"
+" вказані наведені вище параметри у верхньому регістрі.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо вказано правильні параметри та не\n"
+" трапиться помилки під час виконання."
+
+#: builtins.c:1923
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Display possible completions depending on the options.\n"
+" \n"
+" Intended to be used from within a shell function generating possible\n"
+" completions. If the optional WORD argument is supplied, matches against\n"
+" WORD are generated.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or an error occurs."
+msgstr ""
+"Виводить можливі завершення у залежності від параметрів.\n"
+" \n"
+" Команда призначена для використання зсередини функції для генерації\n"
+" можливих завершень. Якщо вказано необов’язковий аргумент СЛОВО,\n"
+" генеруються завершення, що відповідають цьому слову.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо вказано правильні параметри і не\n"
+" трапиться помилки під час виконання."
+
+#: builtins.c:1938
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Modify or display completion options.\n"
+" \n"
+" Modify the completion options for each NAME, or, if no NAMEs are supplied,\n"
+" the completion currently begin executed. If no OPTIONs are givenm, print\n"
+" the completion options for each NAME or the current completion specification.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" \t-o option\tSet completion option OPTION for each NAME\n"
+" \t-D\t\tChange options for the \"default\" command completion\n"
+" \t-E\t\tChange options for the \"empty\" command completion\n"
+" \n"
+" Using `+o' instead of `-o' turns off the specified option.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" \n"
+" Each NAME refers to a command for which a completion specification must\n"
+" have previously been defined using the `complete' builtin. If no NAMEs\n"
+" are supplied, compopt must be called by a function currently generating\n"
+" completions, and the options for that currently-executing completion\n"
+" generator are modified.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is supplied or NAME does not\n"
+" have a completion specification defined."
+msgstr ""
+"Змінює чи показує параметри завершення аргументів.\n"
+" \n"
+" Змінює параметри завершення аргументів для ІМЕН (якщо ІМЕНА не вказані,\n"
+" для завершення, що наразі проводиться). Якщо ПАРАМЕТРИ не вказані,\n"
+" виводить параметри завершення для кожного з ІМЕН (чи завершення, що\n"
+" наразі проводиться).\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" \t-o параметр\tУвімкнути параметр завершення для всіх ІМЕН.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри можна вимикати, використовуючи `+o' замість `-o'.\n"
+" \n"
+" Аргументи:\n"
+" \n"
+" Кожне з ІМЕН відповідає команді, для якої попередньо має бути вказано,\n"
+" як завершувати її аргументи за допомогою вбудованої команди `complete'.\n"
+" Якщо ІМЕНА не вказані, compopt має виконуватися усередині функції, що\n"
+" генерує список завершень, тоді змінюються параметрі вказівки завершень,\n"
+" що відповідає цій функції.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується успішно, якщо вказано правильні параметри та\n"
+" вказівки завершень для ІМЕН існують."
+
+#: builtins.c:1968
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from the standard input into an indexed array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array variable ARRAY, or\n"
+" from file descriptor FD if the -u option is supplied. The variable MAPFILE\n"
+" is the default ARRAY.\n"
+" \n"
+" Options:\n"
+" -n count\tCopy at most COUNT lines. If COUNT is 0, all lines are copied.\n"
+" -O origin\tBegin assigning to ARRAY at index ORIGIN. The default index is 0.\n"
+" -s count \tDiscard the first COUNT lines read.\n"
+" -t\t\tRemove a trailing newline from each line read.\n"
+" -u fd\t\tRead lines from file descriptor FD instead of the standard input.\n"
+" -C callback\tEvaluate CALLBACK each time QUANTUM lines are read.\n"
+" -c quantum\tSpecify the number of lines read between each call to CALLBACK.\n"
+" \n"
+" Arguments:\n"
+" ARRAY\t\tArray variable name to use for file data.\n"
+" \n"
+" If -C is supplied without -c, the default quantum is 5000. When\n"
+" CALLBACK is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next array\n"
+" element to be assigned as an additional argument.\n"
+" \n"
+" If not supplied with an explicit origin, mapfile will clear ARRAY before\n"
+" assigning to it.\n"
+" \n"
+" Exit Status:\n"
+" Returns success unless an invalid option is given or ARRAY is readonly or\n"
+" not an indexed array."
+msgstr ""
+"Читає рядки зі стандартного вводу й заносить їх до масиву.\n"
+" \n"
+" Читає рядки зі стандартного вводу чи з ФАЙЛОВОГО-ДЕСКРИПТОРУ, якщо вказано\n"
+" параметр -u, й вставляє їх до вказаної змінної-масиву. Якщо назву змінної\n"
+" не вказано, використовується змінна MAPFILE.\n"
+" \n"
+" Параметри:\n"
+" -n кількість\tПрочитати вказану кількість рядків. Нуль означає\n"
+" \t\t\tвідсутність обмеження.\n"
+" -O початок\tПочати вставляти до масиву, починаючи з вказаного\n"
+" \t\t\tелементу масиву. Зазвичай відлік починається з нуля.\n"
+" -s кількість\tПропустити вказану кількість рядків на початку\n"
+" \t\t\tфайлу.\n"
+" -t\t\tПрибирати символ переводу рядку в кінці прочитаних\n"
+" \t\t\tз файлу рядків.\n"
+" -u дескриптор\tЧитати рядки з вказаного дескриптора замість\n"
+" \t\t\tстандартного вводу\n"
+" -C обробник\tВиконувати вказаний обробник після прочитання рядку.\n"
+" -c крок\t\tВикликати обробник лише після того, як буде прочитано\n"
+" \t\t\tвказану кількість рядків.\n"
+" \n"
+" Аргументи:\n"
+" МАСИВ\t\tНазва змінної-масиву для збереження даних з файлу.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо вказано лише -C, без -c, обробник викликатиметься із кроком 5000.\n"
+" Обробник викликається із параметром, що вказує наступний елемент масиву,\n"
+" якому буде призначено значення.\n"
+" \n"
+" Якщо початковий елемент не вказано, mapfile спустошить МАСИВ перш ніж\n"
+" починати присвоєння.\n"
+" \n"
+" Код завершення:\n"
+" Команда завершується невдало лише якщо вказано неправильний параметр або\n"
+" якщо МАСИВ є незмінним."
+
+#: builtins.c:2001
+msgid ""
+"Read lines from a file into an array variable.\n"
+" \n"
+" A synonym for `mapfile'."
+msgstr ""
+"Читає рядки з файлу до масиву.\n"
+" \n"
+" Синонім до `mapfile'."
+
+#~ msgid "xrealloc: cannot reallocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
+#~ msgstr "xrealloc: не вдається змінити розмір виділеного блоку до %lu байтів (виділено %lu байтів)"
+
+#~ msgid "xrealloc: cannot allocate %lu bytes"
+#~ msgstr "xrealloc: не вдається виділити %lu байтів"
+
+#~ msgid "xrealloc: %s:%d: cannot reallocate %lu bytes (%lu bytes allocated)"
+#~ msgstr "xrealloc: %s:%d: не вдається змінити розмір виділеного блоку до %lu байтів (виділено %lu байтів)"
case 'v':
v = find_variable (arg);
- if (v == 0)
- return (FALSE);
- return (var_isset (v) ? TRUE : FALSE);
+ return (v && var_isset (v) ? TRUE : FALSE);
}
/* We can't actually get here, but this shuts up gcc. */
/* Modified to run with the GNU shell Apr 25, 1988 by bfox. */
-/* Copyright (C) 1987-2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+/* Copyright (C) 1987-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
-BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/bash/bash-current
+BUILD_DIR=/usr/local/build/chet/bash/bash-current
THIS_SH=$BUILD_DIR/bash
PATH=$PATH:$BUILD_DIR
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
