builtins/evalstring.c
- don't allow parse_and_execute to short-circuit and call exec() if
the command's return value is being inverted
+
+ 3/15
+ ----
+builtins/printf.def
+ - new macro PC to call putchar and increment number of chars printed -
+ fixes bug in computation of value for %n format char
+ - `tw' is now a global var so printstr can modify it using PC()
+ - convert PF macro to use asprintf into a local buffer
+ Preparation for printf -v var
+ - add code to add the text printed to a `variable buffer' if -v option
+ supplied. The buffer grows as needed
+ - printf now takes a `-v var' option to put the output into the variable
+ VAR rather than sending it to stdout. It does not:
+ print partial output on error (e.g., format string error)
+ handle NULs in the variable value, as usual
+
+ 3/16
+ ----
+parse.y
+ - fix bug in prompt string decoding that caused a core dump when PS1
+ contained \W and PWD was unset (null pointer deref)
+
+builtins/printf.def
+ - changed -v var behavior so it stores partial output into the named
+ variable upon an error
tests/posix2.right f
tests/posixpat.tests f
tests/posixpat.right f
+tests/posix-ifs.sh f
tests/prec.right f
tests/precedence f
tests/printf.tests f
This file is printf.def, from which is created printf.c.
It implements the builtin "printf" in Bash.
-Copyright (C) 1997-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1997-2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GNU Bash, the Bourne Again SHell.
$BUILTIN printf
$FUNCTION printf_builtin
-$SHORT_DOC printf format [arguments]
+$SHORT_DOC printf [-v var] format [arguments]
printf formats and prints ARGUMENTS under control of the FORMAT. FORMAT
is a character string which contains three types of objects: plain
characters, which are simply copied to standard output, character escape
argument. In addition to the standard printf(1) formats, %b means to
expand backslash escape sequences in the corresponding argument, and %q
means to quote the argument in a way that can be reused as shell input.
+If the -v option is supplied, the output is placed into the value of the
+shell variable VAR rather than being sent to the standard output.
$END
#include <config.h>
extern int errno;
#endif
+#define PC(c) \
+ do { \
+ char b[2]; \
+ tw++; \
+ b[0] = c; b[1] = '\0'; \
+ if (vflag) \
+ vbadd (b, 1); \
+ else \
+ putchar (c); \
+ } while (0)
+
#define PF(f, func) \
do { \
+ char *b = 0; \
+ int nw; \
if (have_fieldwidth && have_precision) \
- tw += printf(f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \
+ nw = asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, precision, func); \
else if (have_fieldwidth) \
- tw += printf(f, fieldwidth, func); \
+ nw = asprintf(&b, f, fieldwidth, func); \
else if (have_precision) \
- tw += printf(f, precision, func); \
+ nw = asprintf(&b, f, precision, func); \
else \
- tw += printf(f, func); \
+ nw = asprintf(&b, f, func); \
+ tw += nw; \
+ if (b) \
+ { \
+ if (vflag) \
+ (void)vbadd (b, nw); \
+ else \
+ (void)fputs (b, stdout); \
+ free (b); \
+ } \
} while (0)
/* We free the buffer used by mklong() if it's `too big'. */
#define PRETURN(value) \
do \
{ \
+ if (vflag) \
+ bind_variable (vname, vbuf, 0); \
if (conv_bufsize > 4096 ) \
{ \
- free(conv_buf); \
+ free (conv_buf); \
conv_bufsize = 0; \
conv_buf = 0; \
} \
+ if (vbsize > 4096) \
+ { \
+ free (vbuf); \
+ vbsize = 0; \
+ vbuf = 0; \
+ } \
fflush (stdout); \
return (value); \
} \
static int printstr __P((char *, char *, int, int, int));
static int tescape __P((char *, char *, int *));
static char *bexpand __P((char *, int, int *, int *));
+static char *vbadd __P((char *, int));
static char *mklong __P((char *, char *, size_t));
static int getchr __P((void));
static char *getstr __P((void));
static int retval;
static int conversion_error;
+/* printf -v var support */
+static int vflag = 0;
+static char *vbuf, *vname;
+static size_t vbsize;
+static int vblen;
+
+static intmax_t tw;
+
static char *conv_buf;
static size_t conv_bufsize;
{
int ch, fieldwidth, precision;
int have_fieldwidth, have_precision;
- intmax_t tw;
char convch, thisch, nextch, *format, *modstart, *fmt, *start;
conversion_error = 0;
retval = EXECUTION_SUCCESS;
- if (no_options (list))
- return (EX_USAGE);
+ vflag = 0;
+
+ reset_internal_getopt ();
+ while ((ch = internal_getopt (list, "v:")) != -1)
+ {
+ switch (ch)
+ {
+ case 'v':
+ if (legal_identifier (vname = list_optarg))
+ {
+ vflag = 1;
+ vblen = 0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ sh_invalidid (vname);
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
+ break;
+ default:
+ builtin_usage ();
+ return (EX_USAGE);
+ }
+ }
list = loptend; /* skip over possible `--' */
if (list == 0)
return (EXECUTION_SUCCESS);
format = list->word->word;
+ tw = 0;
garglist = list->next;
/* A NULL third argument to tescape means to bypass the
special processing for arguments to %b. */
fmt += tescape (fmt, &nextch, (int *)NULL);
- putchar (nextch);
+ PC (nextch);
fmt--; /* for loop will increment it for us again */
continue;
}
if (*fmt != '%')
{
- putchar (*fmt);
+ PC (*fmt);
continue;
}
if (*fmt == '%') /* %% prints a % */
{
- putchar ('%');
+ PC ('%');
continue;
}
/* leading pad characters */
for (; padlen > 0; padlen--)
- putchar (' ');
+ PC (' ');
/* output NC characters from STRING */
for (i = 0; i < nc; i++)
- putchar (string[i]);
+ PC (string[i]);
/* output any necessary trailing padding */
for (; padlen < 0; padlen++)
- putchar (' ');
+ PC (' ');
return (ferror (stdout) ? -1 : 0);
}
return ret;
}
+static char *
+vbadd (buf, blen)
+ char *buf;
+ int blen;
+{
+ size_t nlen;
+
+ nlen = vblen + blen + 1;
+ if (nlen >= vbsize)
+ {
+ vbsize = ((nlen + 63) >> 6) << 6;
+ vbuf = (char *)xrealloc (vbuf, vbsize);
+ }
+
+ if (blen == 1)
+ vbuf[vblen++] = buf[0];
+ else
+ {
+ FASTCOPY (buf, vbuf + vblen, blen);
+ vblen += blen;
+ }
+ vbuf[vblen] = '\0';
+
+if (strlen (vbuf) != vblen)
+ internal_error ("printf:vbadd: vblen (%d) != strlen (vbuf) (%d)", vblen, strlen (vbuf));
+
+ return vbuf;
+}
+
static char *
mklong (str, modifiers, mlen)
char *str;
tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
fails.
- p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
+ p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which
contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a format that can
be reused as shell input.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+ _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the standard output.
+
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
- and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
+ and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
if supplied, have the following meanings:
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
- directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
+ directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
new current working directory.
If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
- fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
- occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-d\bd
_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
- descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
- second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
- ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
+ second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
+ ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
- are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
- split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
- used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
- and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
+ split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
+ used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
+ and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
ignored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
input line, rather than newline.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
(see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input.
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. This
- option has no effect if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is not reading input from
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. This
+ option has no effect if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is not reading input from
the terminal or a pipe.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
- able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
- encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, or an invalid file descriptor is
+ able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
+ encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, or an invalid file descriptor is
supplied as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\bap\bpf\bf] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to arrays. If no
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
- list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp option causes
- output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
- If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the vari-
- able is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0 unless an invalid
- option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp option causes
+ output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
+ If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the vari-
+ able is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0 unless an invalid
+ option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a func-
tion.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
- If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
- executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
- during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
+ Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
+ If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
+ executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
+ during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
- _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
- script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
- function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
+ _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
+ script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
+ function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
status is false. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is
- executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
+ executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCH\bHP\bP] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
- resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
- options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated
- as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in
- order, to $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the fol-
- lowing meanings:
- -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
- modified or created for export to the environment of
+ resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables
+ cannot be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are
+ listed. The output is sorted according to the current locale.
+ When options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes.
+ Any arguments remaining after the options are processed are
+ treated as values for the positional parameters and are
+ assigned, in order, to $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified,
+ have the following meanings:
+ -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
+ modified or created for export to the environment of
subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
- exit if the command that fails is part of the command
- list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|
+ exit if the command that fails is part of the command
+ list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|
list, or if the command's return value is being inverted
- via !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if set, is executed before the
+ via !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if set, is executed before the
shell exits.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
- cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
- taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
+ cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
+ taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
tion.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
operation differs from the POSIX 1003.2 standard
to match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored.
- If the shell is started with the effective user (group)
- id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp
- option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
+ variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored.
+ If the shell is started with the effective user (group)
+ id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the
effective user id is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp
- option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
+ option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
not reset. Turning this option off causes the effective
- user and group ids to be set to the real user and group
+ user and group ids to be set to the real user and group
ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables as an error when performing param-
- eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset
+ eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset
variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not
interactive, exits with a non-zero status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
- unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
ior. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list of all set-
table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
- each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
- form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
+ each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
+ form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, the dis-
play is limited to those options which are set or unset, respec-
- tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
+ tively. Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled
(unset) by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected file name is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
- and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and
C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bRO\bOR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
- signal. The -\b-f\bf option says not to complain if this is a login
- shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ signal. The -\b-f\bf option says not to complain if this is a login
+ shell; just suspend anyway. The return status is 0 unless the
shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not supplied, or if job control
is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
- a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and operand must be
+ a separate argument. Expressions are composed of the primaries
described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. If the
- first argument is !\b!, the value is the negation of the
- two-argument test using the second and third arguments.
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. If the
+ first argument is !\b!, the value is the negation of the
+ two-argument test using the second and third arguments.
If the first argument is exactly (\b( and the third argument
- is exactly )\b), the result is the one-argument test of the
- second argument. Otherwise, the expression is false.
- The -\b-a\ba and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators
+ is exactly )\b), the result is the one-argument test of the
+ second argument. Otherwise, the expression is false.
+ The -\b-a\ba and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators
in this case.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
- case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
- is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit from the shell.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed before every
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
+ is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit from the shell.
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed before every
_\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command, _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every
arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the first command executes in
- a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the
- description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for
- details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR,
- the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a simple command has a
- non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
- E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
- command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above). Refer to the
+ description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for
+ details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a simple command has a
+ non-zero exit status, subject to the following conditions. The
+ E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command is part of the
+ command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or
- if the command's return value is being inverted via !\b!. These
- are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option. If a
+ if the command's return value is being inverted via !\b!. These
+ are the same conditions obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
ishes executing. Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot
- be trapped or reset. Trapped signals are reset to their origi-
- nal values in a child process when it is created. The return
- status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp
+ be trapped or reset. Trapped signals are reset to their origi-
+ nal values in a child process when it is created. The return
+ status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp
returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
- hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
+ hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, not necessarily the
file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be
- prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
- option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
- consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
- tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
+ prints all of the places that contain an executable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ This includes aliases and functions, if and only if the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is not
+ consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell func-
+ tion lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true if
any of the arguments are found, false if none are found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-S\bSH\bHa\bac\bcd\bdf\bfl\blm\bmn\bnp\bps\bst\btu\buv\bv [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased once
- it is set; a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the
- hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is specified, both the soft
- and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt can be a number in
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased once
+ it is set; a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the
+ hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is specified, both the soft
+ and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt can be a number in
the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values
- h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the current hard
- limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, respectively. If
- _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the
- resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is given. When more
- than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are
+ h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the current hard
+ limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, respectively. If
+ _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the soft limit of the
+ resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is given. When more
+ than one resource is specified, the limit name and unit are
printed before the value. Other options are interpreted as fol-
lows:
-\b-a\ba All current limits are reported
-\b-p\bp The pipe size in 512-byte blocks (this may not be set)
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell
If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, it is the new value of the specified resource
(the -\b-a\ba option is display only). If no option is given, then -\b-f\bf
- is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
- which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
- and -\b-n\bn and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return status is
- 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
+ is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except for -\b-t\bt,
+ which is in seconds, -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte blocks,
+ and -\b-n\bn and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The return status is
+ 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error
occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If no options are supplied, or the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
- tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
- able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
- sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
+ refers to a shell variable. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ tion, and the function definition is removed. Each unset vari-
+ able or function is removed from the environment passed to sub-
+ sequent commands. If any of R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD,
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are unset, they lose their special
- properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit
- status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
+ properties, even if they are subsequently reset. The exit sta-
+ tus is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is readonly.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a file name containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo Specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirec-
+ +\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirec-
tion operators
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo Using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE
_\bs_\bh(1), _\bk_\bs_\bh(1), _\bc_\bs_\bh(1)
_\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs(1), _\bv_\bi(1)
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a pro-
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a pro-
cess is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in the
sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between paren-
theses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.
- Commands inside of $\b$(\b(...)\b) command substitution are not parsed until
- substitution is attempted. This will delay error reporting until some
+ Commands inside of $\b$(\b(...)\b) command substitution are not parsed until
+ substitution is attempted. This will delay error reporting until some
time after the command is entered. For example, unmatched parentheses,
- even inside shell comments, will result in error messages while the
+ even inside shell comments, will result in error messages while the
construct is being read.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash-3.1-devel 2005 Feb 19 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash-3.1-devel 2005 Mar 15 BASH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.CWRU.Edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Sat Feb 19 17:38:29 EST 2005
+.\" Last Change: Tue Mar 15 17:21:41 EST 2005
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2005 Feb 19" "GNU Bash-3.1-devel"
+.TH BASH 1 "2005 Mar 15" "GNU Bash-3.1-devel"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
directory change fails.
.RE
.TP
-\fBprintf\fP \fIformat\fP [\fIarguments\fP]
+\fBprintf\fP [\fB\-v\fP \fIvar\fP] \fIformat\fP [\fIarguments\fP]
Write the formatted \fIarguments\fP to the standard output under the
control of the \fIformat\fP.
The \fIformat\fP is a character string which contains three types of objects:
and \fB%q\fP causes \fBprintf\fP to output the corresponding
\fIargument\fP in a format that can be reused as shell input.
.sp 1
+The \fB\-v\fP option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+\fIvar\fP rather than being printed to the standard output.
+.sp 1
The \fIformat\fP is reused as necessary to consume all of the \fIarguments\fP.
If the \fIformat\fP requires more \fIarguments\fP than are supplied, the
extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
<TITLE>BASH(1) Manual Page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER>2005 Feb 19<TH ALIGN=RIGHT>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER>2005 Mar 15<TH ALIGN=RIGHT>BASH(1)
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<HR>
directory change fails.
</DL>
-<DT><B>printf</B> <I>format</I> [<I>arguments</I>]<DD>
+<DT><B>printf</B> [<B>-v</B> <I>var</I>] <I>format</I> [<I>arguments</I>]<DD>
Write the formatted <I>arguments</I> to the standard output under the
control of the <I>format</I>.
The <I>format</I> is a character string which contains three types of objects:
and <B>%q</B> causes <B>printf</B> to output the corresponding
<I>argument</I> in a format that can be reused as shell input.
<P>
+The <B>-v</B> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+<I>var</I> rather than being printed to the standard output.
+<P>
The <I>format</I> is reused as necessary to consume all of the <I>arguments</I>.
If the <I>format</I> requires more <I>arguments</I> than are supplied, the
extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 22 February 2005 13:44:29 EST
+Time: 15 March 2005 17:27:07 EST
</BODY>
</HTML>
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+-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15
+(ve t)-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 144 Q
+F1(+)144 156 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2
+(n)3.767 E F0 1.268
+(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by)
-.25 F F1(dirs)180 168 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
-2.5 E F1<ad>144 180 Q F2(n)A F0 .92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3
F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
(only the stack is manipulated.)180 216 Q F2(dir)144.35 228 Q F0(Adds)
23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0
(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25
-G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 244.8
-R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)
-2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489
-(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04
-(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 256.8 R F2(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G
-3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0
-1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144
-268.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\
-ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F
-(speci\214ed ne)144 280.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E
-(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
+G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .489(If the)144 244.8
+R F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)
+2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488
+(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039
+(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 256.8 R F2(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G
+3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0
+1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 268.8
+R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent directory stack element i\
+s speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144
+280.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108
+297.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844
(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 309.6 R .845
-(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
-(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
+(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845
+(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144
321.6 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1
.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
-(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .182(iltin command is).2 F 3.264
-(enabled. If)144 333.6 R(the)3.264 E F1<ad4c>3.264 E F0 .763
-(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
-F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
+(set)2.681 E F0 -.2(bu)2.681 G .181(iltin command is).2 F 3.263
+(enabled. If)144 333.6 R(the)3.263 E F1<ad4c>3.263 E F0 .763
+(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263
+F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
reading the name of the current directory or an in)144 345.6 R -.25(va)
-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 357.6 Q F1 -.18(re)108 374.4 S
(ad).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255ers)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad75>-2.5 E F2(fd)2.5 E
(][)C F1<ad6e>-2.5 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad64>
-2.5 E F2(delim)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E .516(One\
line is read from the standard input, or from the \214le descriptor)144
-386.4 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .516(gument to)
--.18 F(the)144 398.4 Q F1<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038
-(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst)
--.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G .039(he second w)-2.539 F .039
-(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0(,).18 E .42
+386.4 R F2(fd)3.016 E F0 .516(supplied as an ar)3.016 F .517(gument to)
+-.18 F(the)144 398.4 Q F1<ad75>2.539 E F0 .039
+(option, and the \214rst w)2.539 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst)
+-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E F0 2.538(,t).18 G .038(he second w)-2.538 F .038
+(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.538 E F0(,).18 E .42
(and so on, with lefto)144 410.4 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42
(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42
(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I)
-.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 422.4 R .54(wer w)-.25
-F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \
-are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 434.4 S 2.511(lues. The).25 F .011
-(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011
+.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .541(are fe)144 422.4 R .541(wer w)
+-.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\
+ames are assigned empty)-.1 F -.25(va)144 434.4 S 2.51(lues. The).25 F
+.011(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011
(are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011
-(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89
-(be used to remo)144 446.4 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
-1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.891
+(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.511(\)m)C(ay)-2.511 E 1.891
+(be used to remo)144 446.4 R 2.191 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.191 -.15(ny s).15
+H 1.891(pecial meaning for the ne).15 F 1.89
(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
(Options, if supplied, ha)144 458.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 470.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
-180 482.4 R 1.049
+(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 470.4 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.049
+(The w)180 482.4 R 1.049
(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
--.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
-F2(aname)180.33 494.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
--.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
-(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 506.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
-F0(The \214rst character of)180 518.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
+-.25 E F2(aname)3.55 E F0 3.55(,s).18 G 1.05(tarting at 0.)-3.55 F F2
+(aname)180.33 494.4 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25
+(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5
+E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 506.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
+(The \214rst character of)180 518.4 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E
-F1<ad65>144 530.4 Q F0 .372
+F1<ad65>144 530.4 Q F0 .373
(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re)
-2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E
+2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.872 E F0(abo)2.622 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 2.872(\)i).15 G 2.872(su)-2.872 G(sed)-2.872 E
(to obtain the line.)180 542.4 Q F1<ad6e>144 554.4 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)
--.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 566.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.395
-(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
-(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394(aiting for a complete line of)
+-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 566.4 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394
+(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
+(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of)
-.1 F(input.)180 578.4 Q F1<ad70>144 590.4 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
-(Display)180 602.4 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
-(on standard error)3.66 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
+(Display)180 602.4 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161
+(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161(ithout a trailing ne)
-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)-.25 F(an)180 614.4 Q
2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 626.4 Q F0 .544(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .543(he backslash is considered to be part of)
+<ad72>144 626.4 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
-5.543 F(the line.)180 638.4 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
-.25 E F1<ad73>144 650.4 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 662.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 674.4 Q F1 -.18(re)3.548
-G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.548 F 1.048
+<ad74>144 662.4 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 674.4 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549
+G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048
(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
180 686.4 Q F0 2.92(seconds. This)2.92 F .42(option has no ef)2.92 F .42
(fect if)-.25 F F1 -.18(re)2.92 G(ad).18 E F0 .42
(is not reading input from the terminal)2.92 F(or a pipe.)180 698.4 Q F1
<ad75>144 710.4 Q F2(fd)2.5 E/F4 10/Palatino-Roman@0 SF(Read input fr)
14.46 E(om \214le descriptor)-.18 E/F5 10/Palatino-Italic@0 SF(fd)2.5 E
-F4(.)A .335(If no)144 727.2 R F5(names)3.095 E F4(ar)2.895 E 2.835(es)
--.18 G .335(upplied, the line r)-2.835 F .336
+F4(.)A .336(If no)144 727.2 R F5(names)3.096 E F4(ar)2.896 E 2.836(es)
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(ead is assigned to the variable)-.18 F/F6 9/Palatino-Bold@0 SF(REPL)
-2.836 E(Y)-.828 E/F7 9/Palatino-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4 .336(The r)4.836 F
-.336(eturn code)-.18 F F0(GNU Bash-3.1-de)72 768 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 124.42
-(l2).15 G(005 Feb 19)-124.42 E(54)199 E 0 Cg EP
+2.835 E(Y)-.828 E/F7 9/Palatino-Roman@0 SF(.)A F4 .335(The r)4.835 F
+.335(eturn code)-.18 F F0(GNU Bash-3.1-de)72 768 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 123.59
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--.35 E/F1 10/Palatino-Roman@0 SF 1.058(is zer)144 84 R 1.058
+-.35 E/F1 10/Palatino-Roman@0 SF 1.057(is zer)144 84 R 1.058
(o, unless end-of-\214le is encounter)-.18 F(ed,)-.18 E/F2 10
/Palatino-Bold@0 SF(read)3.558 E F1 1.058
(times out, or an invalid \214le descriptor is)3.558 F
(supplied as the ar)144 96 Q(gument to)-.18 E F2<ad75>2.5 E F1(.)A F2
(readonly)108 112.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255apf)A F1 2.5(][)C/F3 10
/Palatino-Italic@0 SF(name)-2.5 E F1([=)A F3(word)A F1 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5
-E .587(The given)144 124.8 R F3(names)3.087 E F1(ar)3.087 E 3.087(em)
--.18 G .587(arked r)-3.087 F .587(eadonly; the values of these)-.18 F F3
-(names)3.347 E F1 .588(may not be changed by)3.148 F .833
-(subsequent assignment.)144 136.8 R .833(If the)5.833 F F2<ad66>3.333 E
-F1 .832(option is supplied, the functions corr)3.333 F .832
-(esponding to the)-.18 F F3(names)144 148.8 Q F1(ar)3.809 E 3.809(es)
--.18 G 3.809(om)-3.809 G 3.809(arked. The)-3.809 F F2<ad61>3.809 E F1
-1.309(option r)3.809 F 1.309(estricts the variables to arrays.)-.18 F
-1.31(If no)6.31 F F3(name)4.07 E F1(ar)4.16 E(gu-)-.18 E 1.058(ments ar)
+E .588(The given)144 124.8 R F3(names)3.088 E F1(ar)3.088 E 3.088(em)
+-.18 G .588(arked r)-3.088 F .587(eadonly; the values of these)-.18 F F3
+(names)3.347 E F1 .587(may not be changed by)3.147 F .832
+(subsequent assignment.)144 136.8 R .832(If the)5.832 F F2<ad66>3.332 E
+F1 .833(option is supplied, the functions corr)3.332 F .833
+(esponding to the)-.18 F F3(names)144 148.8 Q F1(ar)3.81 E 3.81(es)-.18
+G 3.81(om)-3.81 G 3.81(arked. The)-3.81 F F2<ad61>3.81 E F1 1.309
+(option r)3.809 F 1.309(estricts the variables to arrays.)-.18 F 1.309
+(If no)6.309 F F3(name)4.069 E F1(ar)4.159 E(gu-)-.18 E 1.057(ments ar)
144 160.8 R 3.557(eg)-.18 G 1.057(iven, or if the)-3.557 F F2<ad70>3.557
E F1 1.057(option is supplied, a list of all r)3.557 F 1.057
-(eadonly names is printed.)-.18 F(The)144 172.8 Q F2<ad70>2.577 E F1
+(eadonly names is printed.)-.18 F(The)144 172.8 Q F2<ad70>2.578 E F1
.077(option causes output to be displayed in a format that may be r)
-2.577 F .078(eused as input.)-.18 F .078(If a)5.078 F .903
-(variable name is followed by =)144 184.8 R F3(word)A F1 3.403(,t)C .902
-(he value of the variable is set to)-3.403 F F3(word)3.402 E F1 5.902
-(.T)C .902(he r)-5.902 F(eturn)-.18 E .997
+2.578 F .077(eused as input.)-.18 F .077(If a)5.077 F .902
+(variable name is followed by =)144 184.8 R F3(word)A F1 3.402(,t)C .903
+(he value of the variable is set to)-3.402 F F3(word)3.403 E F1 5.903
+(.T)C .903(he r)-5.903 F(eturn)-.18 E .998
(status is 0 unless an invalid option is encounter)144 196.8 R .998
-(ed, one of the)-.18 F F3(names)3.758 E F1 .998(is not a valid shell)
-3.55
8 F(variable name, or)144 208.8 Q F2<ad66>2.5 E F1
+(ed, one of the)-.18 F F3(names)3.757 E F1 .997(is not a valid shell)
+3.55
7 F(variable name, or)144 208.8 Q F2<ad66>2.5 E F1
(is supplied with a)2.5 E F3(name)2.76 E F1(that is not a function.)2.85
E F2(return)108 225.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F3(n)A F1(])A .563
(Causes a function to exit with the r)144 237.6 R .563
(eturn value speci\214ed by)-.18 F F3(n)3.063 E F1 5.563(.I).08 G(f)
-5.563 E F3(n)3.323 E F1 .563(is omitted, the r)3.143 F(eturn)-.18 E
-.544(status is that of the last command executed in the function body)
-144 249.6 R 5.545(.I)-1.11 G 3.045(fu)-5.545 G .545(sed outside a func-)
--3.045 F 1.148(tion, but during execution of a script by the)144 261.6 R
+.545(status is that of the last command executed in the function body)
+144 249.6 R 5.544(.I)-1.11 G 3.044(fu)-5.544 G .544(sed outside a func-)
+-3.044 F 1.148(tion, but during execution of a script by the)144 261.6 R
F2(.)3.648 E F1(\()6.148 E F2(source)A F1 3.648(\)c)C 1.148
-(ommand, it causes the shell to)-3.648 F .63
-(stop executing that script and r)144 273.6 R .63(eturn either)-.18 F F3
-(n)3.391 E F1 .631(or the exit status of the last command exe-)3.211 F
-.541(cuted within the script as the exit status of the script.)144 285.6
-R .54(If used outside a function and not)5.54 F .037
+(ommand, it causes the shell to)-3.648 F .631
+(stop executing that script and r)144 273.6 R .631(eturn either)-.18 F
+F3(n)3.391 E F1 .63(or the exit status of the last command exe-)3.211 F
+.54(cuted within the script as the exit status of the script.)144 285.6
+R .541(If used outside a function and not)5.541 F .038
(during execution of a script by)144 297.6 R F2(.)2.538 E F1 2.538(,t)
-.833 G .038(he r)-2.538 F .038(eturn status is false.)-.18 F .038
+.833 G .038(he r)-2.538 F .038(eturn status is false.)-.18 F .037
(Any command associated with)5.038 F(the)144 309.6 Q F2(RETURN)2.5 E F1
(trap is executed befor)2.5 E 2.5(ee)-.18 G(xecution r)-2.5 E
(esumes after the function or script.)-.18 E F2(set)108 326.4 Q F1([)2.5
E F2(\255\255abefhkmnptuvxBCHP)A F1 2.5(][)C F2<ad6f>-2.5 E F3(option)
2.5 E F1 2.5(][)C F3(ar)-2.5 E(g)-.18 E F1(...])2.5 E -.55(Wi)144 338.4
-S .246(thout options, the name and value of each shell variable ar).55 F
-2.745(ed)-.18 G .245(isplayed in a format that)-2.745 F .233(can be r)
+S .245(thout options, the name and value of each shell variable ar).55 F
+2.746(ed)-.18 G .246(isplayed in a format that)-2.746 F .234(can be r)
144 350.4 R .233(eused as input for setting or r)-.18 F .233
-(esetting the curr)-.18 F .233(ently-set variables.)-.18 F .234
+(esetting the curr)-.18 F .233(ently-set variables.)-.18 F .233
(Read-only vari-)5.233 F .748(ables cannot be r)144 362.4 R 3.248
(eset. In)-.18 F F3 .748(posix mode)3.248 F F1 3.248(,o)C .748
(nly shell variables ar)-3.248 F 3.248(el)-.18 G 3.248(isted. The)-3.248
-F .748(output is sorted)3.248 F(accor)144 374.4 Q 2.607
-(ding to the curr)-.18 F 2.607(ent locale.)-.18 F 2.608(When options ar)
-7.608 F 5.108(es)-.18 G 2.608(peci\214ed, they set or unset shell)-5.108
+F .748(output is sorted)3.248 F(accor)144 374.4 Q 2.608
+(ding to the curr)-.18 F 2.608(ent locale.)-.18 F 2.608(When options ar)
+7.608 F 5.108(es)-.18 G 2.607(peci\214ed, they set or unset shell)-5.108
F 3.455(attributes. Any)144 386.4 R(ar)3.455 E .955(guments r)-.18 F
.955(emaining after the options ar)-.18 F 3.455(ep)-.18 G -.18(ro)-3.455
G .955(cessed ar).18 F 3.455(et)-.18 G -.18(re)-3.455 G .955
F .096(ound jobs immediately)-.18 F 2.596(,r)-1.11 G .096
(ather than befor)-2.596 F(e)-.18 E(the next primary pr)184 458.4 Q 2.5
(ompt. This)-.18 F(is ef)2.5 E(fective only when job contr)-.18 E
-(ol is enabled.)-.18 E F2<ad65>144 470.4 Q F1 .179
-(Exit immediately if a)28.94 F F3 .178(simple command)2.679 F F1(\(see)
-2.678 E/F4 9/Palatino-Bold@0 SF .178(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.678 F F1 .178
-(above\) exits with a)2.428 F(non-zer)184 482.4 Q 3.232(os)-.18 G 3.232
-(tatus. The)-3.232 F .733
-(shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the)3.232 F
-.696(command list immediately following a)184 494.4 R F2(while)3.196 E
+(ol is enabled.)-.18 E F2<ad65>144 470.4 Q F1 .178
+(Exit immediately if a)28.94 F F3 .178(simple command)2.678 F F1(\(see)
+2.678 E/F4 9/Palatino-Bold@0 SF .178(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.678 F F1 .179
+(above\) exits with a)2.429 F(non-zer)184 482.4 Q 3.233(os)-.18 G 3.233
+(tatus. The)-3.233 F .733
+(shell does not exit if the command that fails is part of the)3.233 F
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(Same as)224 408 Q F1<ad75>2.5 E F2(.)A F1(onecmd)184 420 Q F2(Same as)
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+(estricted mode \(see)-.18 F F3(RESTRICTED)4.242 E(SHELL)184 264 Q F2
+4.862(below\). The)4.612 F 2.362(value may not be changed.)4.862 F 2.362
+(This is not r)7.362 F 2.362(eset when the)-.18 F .294
(startup \214les ar)184 276 R 2.794(ee)-.18 G .294
(xecuted, allowing the startup \214les to discover whether or not a)
-2.794 F(shell is r)184 288 Q(estricted.)-.18 E F1(shift_verbose)144 300
-Q F2 .528(If set, the)184 312 R F1(shift)3.028 E F2 .528
+Q F2 .527(If set, the)184 312 R F1(shift)3.028 E F2 .528
(builtin prints an err)3.028 F .528
(or message when the shift count exceeds the)-.18 F
(number of positional parameters.)184 324 Q F1(sourcepath)144 336 Q F2
-.514(If set, the)184 348 R F1(source)3.014 E F2(\()3.014 E F1(.)A F2
+.515(If set, the)184 348 R F1(source)3.015 E F2(\()3.014 E F1(.)A F2
3.014(\)b)C .514(uiltin uses the value of)-3.014 F F3 -.666(PA)3.014 G
-(TH)-.162 E F2 .515(to \214nd the dir)2.764 F .515(ectory contain-)-.18
+(TH)-.162 E F2 .514(to \214nd the dir)2.764 F .514(ectory contain-)-.18
F(ing the \214le supplied as an ar)184 360 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F
(option is enabled by default.)2.5 E F1(xpg_echo)144 372 Q F2
(If set, the)184 384 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F2
(suspend)108 396 Q F2([)2.5 E F1<ad66>A F2(])A .048
(Suspend the execution of this shell until it r)144 408 R .048
(eceives a)-.18 F F3(SIGCONT)2.548 E F2 2.548(signal. The)2.298 F F1
-<ad66>2.548 E F2 .047(option says)2.547 F .327
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(not to complain if this is a login shell; just suspend anyway)144 420 R
5.327(.T)-1.11 G .327(he r)-5.327 F .327(eturn status is 0 unless)-.18 F
(the shell is a login shell and)144 432 Q F1<ad66>2.5 E F2
(test)108 444 Q/F4 10/Palatino-Italic@0 SF(expr)2.5 E F1([)108 456 Q F4
(expr)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F2 .544(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on t\
he evaluation of the conditional expr)6.56 F(ession)-.18 E F4(expr)3.044
-E F2(.).45 E .788(Each operator and operand must be a separate ar)144
-468 R 3.289(gument. Expr)-.18 F .789(essions ar)-.18 F 3.289(ec)-.18 G
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+E F2(.).45 E .789(Each operator and operand must be a separate ar)144
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F3(CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS)2.5 E/F5 9/Palatino-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(Expr)
144 498 Q .054
(essions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decr)
--.18 F .054(easing or)-.18 F .054(der of)-.18 F(pr)144 510 Q(ecedence.)
+-.18 F .055(easing or)-.18 F .055(der of)-.18 F(pr)144 510 Q(ecedence.)
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(f)-2.5 E F4(expr)2.85 E F2(is false.)2.95 E F1(\()144 534 Q F4(expr)2.5
E F1(\))2.5 E F2 .847(Returns the value of)6.56 F F4(expr)3.347 E F2
(ession is false.)-.18 E 2.5(1a)144 664.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E
(The expr)180 676.8 Q(ession is tr)-.18 E(ue if and only if the ar)-.08
E(gument is not null.)-.18 E 2.5(2a)144 688.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments)
-.18 E .208(If the \214rst ar)180 700.8 R .208(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)
+.18 E .209(If the \214rst ar)180 700.8 R .208(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)
2.708 E F2 2.708(,t)C .208(he expr)-2.708 F .208(ession is tr)-.18 F
-.208(ue if and only if the second ar)-.08 F(gument)-.18 E 2.144
-(is null.)180 712.8 R 2.144(If the \214rst ar)7.144 F 2.144
-(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed)-.18 F 1.401
+.208(ue if and only if the second ar)-.08 F(gument)-.18 E 2.143
+(is null.)180 712.8 R 2.144(If the \214rst ar)7.143 F 2.144
+(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed)-.18 F 1.402
(above under)180 724.8 R F3 1.401(CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS)3.901 F F5(,)A
F2 1.401(the expr)3.651 F 1.401(ession is tr)-.18 F 1.401
(ue if the unary)-.08 F F0(GNU Bash-3.1-de)72 768 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
-124.42(l2).15 G(005 Feb 19)-124.42 E(60)199 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Palatino-Roman@0 SF 1.356(test is tr)180 84 R 3.856(ue. If)
--.08 F 1.356(the \214rst ar)3.856 F 1.356
-(gument is not a valid unary conditional operator)-.18 F 3.855(,t)-.74 G
-(he)-3.855 E(expr)180 96 Q(ession is false.)-.18 E 2.5(3a)144 108 S -.18
-(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E 1.499(If the second ar)180 120 R 1.499
+-.35 E/F1 10/Palatino-Roman@0 SF 1.355(test is tr)180 84 R 3.855(ue. If)
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+(gument is not a valid unary conditional operator)-.18 F 3.856(,t)-.74 G
+(he)-3.856 E(expr)180 96 Q(ession is false.)-.18 E 2.5(3a)144 108 S -.18
+(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E 1.5(If the second ar)180 120 R 1.499
(gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above)-.18 F
(under)180 132 Q/F2 9/Palatino-Bold@0 SF .64(CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS)
-3.141 F/F3 9/Palatino-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 .64(the r)2.89 F .64
-(esult of the expr)-.18 F .64(ession is the r)-.18 F .64(esult of)-.18 F
-.528(the binary test using the \214rst and thir)180 144 R 3.029(da)-.18
-G -.18(rg)-3.029 G .529(uments as operands.).18 F .529
-(If the \214rst ar)5.529 F(gu-)-.18 E .107(ment is)180 156 R/F4 10
-/Palatino-Bold@0 SF(!)2.607 E F1 2.607(,t)C .107
-(he value is the negation of the two-ar)-2.607 F .106
-(gument test using the second and)-.18 F(thir)180 168 Q 4.632(da)-.18 G
--.18(rg)-4.632 G 4.632(uments. If).18 F 2.132(the \214rst ar)4.632 F
-2.132(gument is exactly)-.18 F F4(\()4.632 E F1 2.133(and the thir)4.632
-F 4.633(da)-.18 G -.18(rg)-4.633 G 2.133(ument is).18 F(exactly)180 180
-Q F4(\))2.926 E F1 2.926(,t)C .426(he r)-2.926 F .426
+3.14 F/F3 9/Palatino-Roman@0 SF(,)A F1 .64(the r)2.89 F .64
+(esult of the expr)-.18 F .64(ession is the r)-.18 F .641(esult of)-.18
+F .529(the binary test using the \214rst and thir)180 144 R 3.029(da)
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+(If the \214rst ar)5.528 F(gu-)-.18 E .106(ment is)180 156 R/F4 10
+/Palatino-Bold@0 SF(!)2.606 E F1 2.606(,t)C .107
+(he value is the negation of the two-ar)-2.606 F .107
+(gument test using the second and)-.18 F(thir)180 168 Q 4.633(da)-.18 G
+-.18(rg)-4.633 G 4.633(uments. If).18 F 2.133(the \214rst ar)4.633 F
+2.132(gument is exactly)-.18 F F4(\()4.632 E F1 2.132(and the thir)4.632
+F 4.632(da)-.18 G -.18(rg)-4.632 G 2.132(ument is).18 F(exactly)180 180
+Q F4(\))2.925 E F1 2.925(,t)C .426(he r)-2.925 F .426
(esult is the one-ar)-.18 F .426(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F
-2.925(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F .43(the expr)180 192 R .43
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(ession is false.)-.18 F(The)5.43 E F4<ad61>2.93 E F1(and)2.93 E F4
<ad6f>2.93 E F1 .43(operators ar)2.93 F 2.93(ec)-.18 G(onsider)-2.93 E
.43(ed binary operators)-.18 F(in this case.)180 204 Q 2.5(4a)144 216 S
--.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .669(If the \214rst ar)180 228 R .669
-(gument is)-.18 F F4(!)3.169 E F1 3.169(,t)C .669(he r)-3.169 F .668
-(esult is the negation of the thr)-.18 F(ee-ar)-.18 E .668(gument expr)
+-.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .668(If the \214rst ar)180 228 R .668
+(gument is)-.18 F F4(!)3.168 E F1 3.168(,t)C .669(he r)-3.168 F .669
+(esult is the negation of the thr)-.18 F(ee-ar)-.18 E .669(gument expr)
-.18 F(es-)-.18 E .409(sion composed of the r)180 240 R .409
(emaining ar)-.18 F 2.909(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .409(the expr)2.909
F .409(ession is parsed)-.18 F(and evaluated accor)180 252 Q(ding to pr)
-.18 E(ecedence using the r)-.18 E(ules listed above.)-.08 E 2.5(5o)144
264 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(or)-2.5 E 2.5(ea)-.18 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E
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-.782(ding to pr)-.18 F .781(ecedence using the r)-.18 F(ules)-.08 E
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+.782(ding to pr)-.18 F .782(ecedence using the r)-.18 F(ules)-.08 E
(listed above.)180 288 Q F4(times)108 304.8 Q F1 .334
(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for pr)
11.01 F .334(ocesses r)-.18 F .334(un fr)-.08 F .334(om the)-.18 F 2.5
(shell. The)144 316.8 R -.18(re)2.5 G(turn status is 0.).18 E F4(trap)
108 333.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F4(\255lp)A F1 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E/F5 10
/Palatino-Italic@0 SF(ar)A(g)-.18 E F1(])A F5(sigspec)2.5 E F1(...])2.5
-E .564(The command)144 345.6 R F5(ar)3.524 E(g)-.18 E F1 .564
-(is to be r)3.544 F .563(ead and executed when the shell r)-.18 F .563
-(eceives signal\(s\))-.18 F F5(sigspec)3.063 E F1 5.563(.I).32 G(f)
--5.563 E F5(ar)144.46 357.6 Q(g)-.18 E F1 .152(is absent \(and ther)
-3.132 F 2.653(ei)-.18 G 2.653(sas)-2.653 G(ingle)-2.653 E F5(sigspec)
+E .563(The command)144 345.6 R F5(ar)3.523 E(g)-.18 E F1 .563
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+(eceives signal\(s\))-.18 F F5(sigspec)3.064 E F1 5.564(.I).32 G(f)
+-5.564 E F5(ar)144.46 357.6 Q(g)-.18 E F1 .153(is absent \(and ther)
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2.653 E F1 2.653(\)o)C(r)-2.653 E F4<ad>2.653 E F1 2.653(,e)C .153
-(ach speci\214ed signal is r)-2.653 F .153(eset to its original)-.18 F
-.07(disposition \(the value it had upon entrance to the shell\).)144
-369.6 R(If)5.069 E F5(ar)3.029 E(g)-.18 E F1 .069
-(is the null string the signal)3.049 F .141(speci\214ed by each)144
-381.6 R F5(sigspec)3.051 E F1 .142(is ignor)2.961 F .142
-(ed by the shell and by the commands it invokes.)-.18 F(If)5.142 E F5
-(ar)3.102 E(g)-.18 E F1(is)3.122 E 1.796(not pr)144 393.6 R 1.796
-(esent and)-.18 F F4<ad70>4.296 E F1 1.795
-(has been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)4.296 F
-F5(sigspec)144.41 405.6 Q F1(ar)3.217 E 2.897(ed)-.18 G 2.897
-(isplayed. If)-2.897 F .397(no ar)2.897 F .397(guments ar)-.18 F 2.897
-(es)-.18 G .398(upplied or if only)-2.897 F F4<ad70>2.898 E F1 .398
-(is given,)2.898 F F4(trap)2.898 E F1 .398(prints the)2.898 F .036
+(ach speci\214ed signal is r)-2.653 F .152(eset to its original)-.18 F
+.069(disposition \(the value it had upon entrance to the shell\).)144
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+(esent and)-.18 F F4<ad70>4.295 E F1 1.796
+(has been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each)4.295 F
+F5(sigspec)144.41 405.6 Q F1(ar)3.218 E 2.898(ed)-.18 G 2.898
+(isplayed. If)-2.898 F .398(no ar)2.898 F .398(guments ar)-.18 F 2.898
+(es)-.18 G .397(upplied or if only)-2.898 F F4<ad70>2.897 E F1 .397
+(is given,)2.897 F F4(trap)2.897 E F1 .397(prints the)2.897 F .035
(list of commands associated with each signal.)144 417.6 R(The)5.036 E
-F4<ad6c>2.536 E F1 .035(option causes the shell to print a list)2.536 F
-1.094(of signal names and their corr)144 429.6 R 1.095
-(esponding numbers.)-.18 F(Each)6.095 E F5(sigspec)4.005 E F1 1.095
-(is either a signal name)3.915 F .673(de\214ned in <)144 441.6 R F5
+F4<ad6c>2.536 E F1 .036(option causes the shell to print a list)2.536 F
+1.095(of signal names and their corr)144 429.6 R 1.095
+(esponding numbers.)-.18 F(Each)6.095 E F5(sigspec)4.005 E F1 1.094
+(is either a signal name)3.914 F .672(de\214ned in <)144 441.6 R F5
(signal.h)A F1 .673(>, or a signal number)B 5.673(.S)-.74 G .673
(ignal names ar)-5.673 F 3.173(ec)-.18 G .673
-(ase insensitive and the SIG)-3.173 F(pr)144 453.6 Q .976
+(ase insensitive and the SIG)-3.173 F(pr)144 453.6 Q .977
(e\214x is optional.)-.18 F .976(If a)5.976 F F5(sigspec)3.886 E F1(is)
3.796 E F2(EXIT)3.476 E F1 .976(\(0\) the command)3.226 F F5(ar)3.936 E
-(g)-.18 E F1 .976(is executed on exit fr)3.956 F .977(om the)-.18 F
-3.405(shell. If)144 465.6 R(a)3.405 E F5(sigspec)3.815 E F1(is)3.725 E
-F2(DEBUG)3.405 E F3(,)A F1 .904(the command)3.155 F F5(ar)3.864 E(g)-.18
-E F1 .904(is executed befor)3.884 F 3.404(ee)-.18 G(very)-3.404 E F5
-.904(simple command)3.404 F F1(,)A F5(for)144 477.6 Q F1(command,)3.015
-E F5(case)3.015 E F1(command,)3.015 E F5(select)3.015 E F1 .515
-(command, every arithmetic)3.015 F F5(for)3.016 E F1 .516
-(command, and befor)3.016 F(e)-.18 E 1.001
+(g)-.18 E F1 .976(is executed on exit fr)3.956 F .976(om the)-.18 F
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+E F1 .905(is executed befor)3.885 F 3.405(ee)-.18 G(very)-3.405 E F5
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+E F5(case)3.016 E F1(command,)3.016 E F5(select)3.016 E F1 .515
+(command, every arithmetic)3.016 F F5(for)3.015 E F1 .515
+(command, and befor)3.015 F(e)-.18 E 1.001
(the \214rst command executes in a shell function \(see)144 489.6 R F2
-1.001(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.501 F F1 3.5(above\). Refer)3.25 F(to)3.5 E .678
-(the description of the)144 501.6 R F4(extdebug)3.178 E F1 .678
+1.001(SHELL GRAMMAR)3.501 F F1 3.501(above\). Refer)3.251 F(to)3.501 E
+.679(the description of the)144 501.6 R F4(extdebug)3.178 E F1 .678
(option to the)3.178 F F4(shopt)3.178 E F1 .678
-(builtin for details of its ef)3.178 F .679(fect on the)-.18 F F4(DEBUG)
+(builtin for details of its ef)3.178 F .678(fect on the)-.18 F F4(DEBUG)
144 513.6 Q F1 3.153(trap. If)3.153 F(a)3.153 E F5(sigspec)3.563 E F1
(is)3.473 E F2(ERR)3.153 E F3(,)A F1 .653(the command)2.903 F F5(ar)
-3.613 E(g)-.18 E F1 .653(is executed whenever a simple com-)3.633 F .24
-(mand has a non\255zer)144 525.6 R 2.74(oe)-.18 G .24
-(xit status, subject to the following conditions.)-2.74 F(The)5.241 E F2
-(ERR)2.741 E F1 .241(trap is not)2.491 F 1.926(executed if the failed c\
-ommand is part of the command list immediately following a)144 537.6 R
-F4(while)144 549.6 Q F1(or)2.551 E F4(until)2.551 E F1(keywor)2.552 E
-.052(d, part of the test in an)-.18 F F5(if)2.712 E F1 .052
+3.613 E(g)-.18 E F1 .653(is executed whenever a simple com-)3.633 F .241
+(mand has a non\255zer)144 525.6 R 2.741(oe)-.18 G .24
+(xit status, subject to the following conditions.)-2.741 F(The)5.24 E F2
+(ERR)2.74 E F1 .24(trap is not)2.49 F 1.926(executed if the failed comm\
+and is part of the command list immediately following a)144 537.6 R F4
+(while)144 549.6 Q F1(or)2.552 E F4(until)2.552 E F1(keywor)2.552 E .052
+(d, part of the test in an)-.18 F F5(if)2.712 E F1 .052
(statement, part of a)4.402 F F4(&&)2.552 E F1(or)2.552 E/F6 10/Symbol
-SF<efef>2.552 E F1 .052(list, or if the)2.552 F .093(command's r)144
+SF<efef>2.552 E F1 .051(list, or if the)2.552 F .092(command's r)144
561.6 R .092(eturn value is being inverted via)-.18 F F4(!)2.592 E F1
5.092(.T)C .092(hese ar)-5.092 F 2.592(et)-.18 G .092
-(he same conditions obeyed by)-2.592 F(the)144 573.6 Q F4(errexit)2.824
-E F1 2.824(option. If)2.824 F(a)2.824 E F5(sigspec)3.234 E F1(is)3.144 E
-F2(RETURN)2.824 E F3(,)A F1 .325(the command)2.575 F F5(ar)3.285 E(g)
--.18 E F1 .325(is executed each time a shell)3.305 F 1.951
+(he same conditions obeyed by)-2.592 F(the)144 573.6 Q F4(errexit)2.825
+E F1 2.825(option. If)2.825 F(a)2.825 E F5(sigspec)3.235 E F1(is)3.145 E
+F2(RETURN)2.825 E F3(,)A F1 .325(the command)2.575 F F5(ar)3.284 E(g)
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(function or a script executed with the)144 585.6 R F4(.)4.451 E F1(or)
-4.451 E F4(source)4.451 E F1 1.95(builtins \214nishes executing.)4.451 F
-(Signals)6.95 E(ignor)144 597.6 Q .846
-(ed upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or r)-.18 F 3.347(eset. T)
--.18 F .847(rapped signals ar)-.9 F 3.347(er)-.18 G .847(eset to)-3.527
-F .299(their original values in a child pr)144 609.6 R .299
-(ocess when it is cr)-.18 F 2.799(eated. The)-.18 F -.18(re)2.799 G .298
+4.451 E F4(source)4.451 E F1 1.951(builtins \214nishes executing.)4.451
+F(Signals)6.951 E(ignor)144 597.6 Q .847
+(ed upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or r)-.18 F 3.346(eset. T)
+-.18 F .846(rapped signals ar)-.9 F 3.346(er)-.18 G .846(eset to)-3.526
+F .298(their original values in a child pr)144 609.6 R .299
+(ocess when it is cr)-.18 F 2.799(eated. The)-.18 F -.18(re)2.799 G .299
(turn status is false if any).18 F F5(sigspec)144.41 621.6 Q F1
(is invalid; otherwise)2.82 E F4(trap)2.5 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(turns tr)
.18 E(ue.)-.08 E F4(type)108 638.4 Q F1([)2.5 E F4(\255aftpP)A F1(])A F5
-(name)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F5(name)A F1(...])2.5 E -.55(Wi)144 650.4 S 1.475
+(name)2.5 E F1([)2.5 E F5(name)A F1(...])2.5 E -.55(Wi)144 650.4 S 1.476
(th no options, indicate how each).55 F F5(name)4.236 E F1 1.476
-(would be interpr)4.326 F 1.476(eted if used as a command)-.18 F 2.726
-(name. If)144 662.4 R(the)2.726 E F4<ad74>2.726 E F1 .226
-(option is used,)2.726 F F4(type)2.725 E F1 .225
-(prints a string which is one of)2.725 F F5(alias)2.725 E F1(,).06 E F5
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-144 674.4 Q F1 2.555(,o).08 G(r)-2.555 E F5(\214le)4.675 E F1(if)2.905 E
-F5(name)2.815 E F1 .056(is an alias, shell r)2.905 F .056(eserved wor)
--.18 F .056(d, function, builtin, or disk \214le, r)-.18 F(espec-)-.18 E
-(tively)144 686.4 Q 6.635(.I)-1.11 G 4.135(ft)-6.635 G(he)-4.135 E F5
-(name)4.395 E F1 1.635
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+(name. If)144 662.4 R(the)2.725 E F4<ad74>2.725 E F1 .225
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+(name)4.394 E F1 1.635
(is not found, then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is)
-4.48
5 F -.18(re)144 698.4 S 2.522(turned. If).18 F(the)2.523 E F4<ad70>
+4.48
4 F -.18(re)144 698.4 S 2.523(turned. If).18 F(the)2.523 E F4<ad70>
2.523 E F1 .023(option is used,)2.523 F F4(type)2.523 E F1 .023
(either r)2.523 F .023(eturns the name of the disk \214le that would)
-.18 F 1.086(be executed if)144 710.4 R F5(name)3.846 E F1(wer)3.936 E
3.586(es)-.18 G 1.086(peci\214ed as a command name, or nothing if)-3.586
-F/F7 10/Courier@0 SF 1.086(type -t name)3.586 F F1 .015(would not r)144
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-E F1 2.516(,e)C .016(ven if)-2.516 F F7 .016(type -t)2.516 F F0
-(GNU Bash-3.1-de)72 768 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 124.42(l2).15 G(005 Feb 19)
--124.42 E(61)199 E 0 Cg EP
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+(GNU Bash-3.1-de)72 768 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 123.59(l2).15 G(005 Mar 15)
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%%Page: 62 63
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BP
(would not r)3.145 F(eturn)-.18 E/F3 10/Palatino-Italic@0 SF(\214le)
3.145 E F2 5.645(.I).35 G 3.145(fac)-5.645 G .645(ommand is hashed,)
-3.145 F/F4 10/Palatino-Bold@0 SF<ad70>3.145 E F2(and)3.145 E F4<ad50>
-3.145 E F2 .645(print the hashed value,)3.145 F .41
+3.145 E F2 .645(print the hashed value,)3.145 F .411
(not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)144 96 R/F5 9
/Palatino-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)2.911 G(TH)-.162 E/F6 9/Palatino-Roman@0 SF
(.)A F2 .411(If the)4.911 F F4<ad61>2.911 E F2 .411(option is used,)
-2.911 F F4(type)2.911 E F2 .411(prints all)2.911 F .164
+2.911 F F4(type)2.91 E F2 .41(prints all)2.91 F .164
(of the places that contain an executable named)144 108 R F3(name)2.664
E F2 5.164(.T).35 G .164(his includes aliases and functions,)-5.164 F
.73(if and only if the)144 120 R F4<ad70>3.23 E F2 .73
(option is not also used.)3.23 F .73
-(The table of hashed commands is not con-)5.73 F .498(sulted when using)
+(The table of hashed commands is not con-)5.73 F .497(sulted when using)
144 132 R F4<ad61>2.998 E F2 5.498(.T)C(he)-5.498 E F4<ad66>2.998 E F2
.498(option suppr)2.998 F .498(esses shell function lookup, as with the)
--.18 F F4(com-)2.997 E(mand)144 144 Q F2(builtin.)4.557 E F4(type)7.057
-E F2 -.18(re)4.557 G 2.057(turns tr).18 F 2.057(ue if any of the ar)-.08
-F 2.057(guments ar)-.18 F 4.558(ef)-.18 G 2.058(ound, false if none ar)
--4.558 F(e)-.18 E(found.)144 156 Q F4(ulimit)108 172.8 Q F2([)2.5 E F4
+-.18 F F4(com-)2.998 E(mand)144 144 Q F2(builtin.)4.558 E F4(type)7.058
+E F2 -.18(re)4.558 G 2.058(turns tr).18 F 2.057(ue if any of the ar)-.08
+F 2.057(guments ar)-.18 F 4.557(ef)-.18 G 2.057(ound, false if none ar)
+-4.557 F(e)-.18 E(found.)144 156 Q F4(ulimit)108 172.8 Q F2([)2.5 E F4
(\255SHacd\215mnpstuv)A F2([)2.5 E F3(limit)A F2(]])A(Pr)144 184.8 Q
-.062(ovides contr)-.18 F .062(ol over the r)-.18 F(esour)-.18 E .061
-(ces available to the shell and to pr)-.18 F .061
-(ocesses started by it, on)-.18 F 1.496(systems that allow such contr)
-144 196.8 R 3.99
6(ol. The)-.18 F F4<ad48>3.997 E F2(and)3.997 E F4<ad53>
-3.997 E F2 1.497(options specify that the har)3.997 F 3.997(do)-.18 G
-3.997(rs)-3.997 G(oft)-3.997 E .884(limit is set for the given r)144
+.061(ovides contr)-.18 F .061(ol over the r)-.18 F(esour)-.18 E .061
+(ces available to the shell and to pr)-.18 F .062
+(ocesses started by it, on)-.18 F 1.497(systems that allow such contr)
+144 196.8 R 3.99
7(ol. The)-.18 F F4<ad48>3.997 E F2(and)3.997 E F4<ad53>
+3.997 E F2 1.496(options specify that the har)3.997 F 3.996(do)-.18 G
+3.996(rs)-3.996 G(oft)-3.996 E .884(limit is set for the given r)144
208.8 R(esour)-.18 E 3.384(ce. A)-.18 F(har)3.384 E 3.384(dl)-.18 G .884
(imit cannot be incr)-3.384 F .884(eased once it is set; a soft)-.18 F
-.088(limit may be incr)144 220.8 R .088
+.089(limit may be incr)144 220.8 R .088
(eased up to the value of the har)-.18 F 2.588(dl)-.18 G 2.588(imit. If)
--2.588 F(neither)2.589 E F4<ad48>2.589 E F2(nor)2.589 E F4<ad53>2.589 E
-F2 .089(is speci\214ed,)2.589 F .163(both the soft and har)144 232.8 R
-2.663(dl)-.18 G .163(imits ar)-2.663 F 2.663(es)-.18 G 2.663(et. The)
--2.663 F .163(value of)2.663 F F3(limit)2.803 E F2 .162
-(can be a number in the unit speci-)2.933 F .175(\214ed for the r)144
-244.8 R(esour)-.18 E .175(ce or one of the special values)-.18 F F4
-(hard)2.676 E F2(,)A F4(soft)2.676 E F2 2.676(,o)C(r)-2.676 E F4
-(unlimited)2.676 E F2 2.676(,w)C .176(hich stand for)-2.676 F .243
-(the curr)144 256.8 R .243(ent har)-.18 F 2.743(dl)-.18 G .243
-(imit, the curr)-2.743 F .243(ent soft limit, and no limit, r)-.18 F
-(espectively)-.18 E 5.242(.I)-1.11 G(f)-5.242 E F3(limit)2.882 E F2 .242
-(is omitted,)3.012 F .081(the curr)144 268.8 R .081
+-2.588 F(neither)2.588 E F4<ad48>2.588 E F2(nor)2.588 E F4<ad53>2.588 E
+F2 .088(is speci\214ed,)2.588 F .162(both the soft and har)144 232.8 R
+2.662(dl)-.18 G .162(imits ar)-2.662 F 2.662(es)-.18 G 2.663(et. The)
+-2.662 F .163(value of)2.663 F F3(limit)2.803 E F2 .163
+(can be a number in the unit speci-)2.933 F .176(\214ed for the r)144
+244.8 R(esour)-.18 E .176(ce or one of the special values)-.18 F F4
+(hard)2.676 E F2(,)A F4(soft)2.675 E F2 2.675(,o)C(r)-2.675 E F4
+(unlimited)2.675 E F2 2.675(,w)C .175(hich stand for)-2.675 F .242
+(the curr)144 256.8 R .242(ent har)-.18 F 2.742(dl)-.18 G .242
+(imit, the curr)-2.742 F .243(ent soft limit, and no limit, r)-.18 F
+(espectively)-.18 E 5.243(.I)-1.11 G(f)-5.243 E F3(limit)2.883 E F2 .243
+(is omitted,)3.013 F .082(the curr)144 268.8 R .081
(ent value of the soft limit of the r)-.18 F(esour)-.18 E .081
-(ce is printed, unless the)-.18 F F4<ad48>2.581 E F2 .082
-(option is given.)2.582 F .33(When mor)144 280.8 R 2.83(et)-.18 G .33
-(han one r)-2.83 F(esour)-.18 E .329
-(ce is speci\214ed, the limit name and unit ar)-.18 F 2.829(ep)-.18 G
-.329(rinted befor)-2.829 F 2.829(et)-.18 G(he)-2.829 E 2.5(value. Other)
-144 292.8 R(options ar)2.5 E 2.5(ei)-.18 G(nterpr)-2.5 E
-(eted as follows:)-.18 E F4<ad61>144 304.8 Q F2(All curr)24.94 E
-(ent limits ar)-.18 E 2.5(er)-.18 G(eported)-2.68 E F4<ad63>144 316.8 Q
-F2(The maximum size of cor)25.5 E 2.5<658c>-.18 G(les cr)-2.5 E(eated)
-
-.18 E F4<ad64>144 328.8 Q F2(The maximum size of a pr)23.83 E
+(ce is printed, unless the)-.18 F F4<ad48>2.581 E F2 .081
+(option is given.)2.581 F .329(When mor)144 280.8 R 2.829(et)-.18 G .329
+(han one r)-2.829 F(esour)-.18 E .329
+(ce is speci\214ed, the limit name and unit ar)-.18 F 2.83(ep)-.18 G .33
+(rinted befor)-2.83 F 2.83(et)-.18 G(he)-2.83 E 2.5(value. Other)144
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+-.18 E F4<ad61>144 304.8 Q F2(All curr)24.94 E(ent limits ar)-.18 E 2.5
+(er)-.18 G(eported)-2.68 E F4<ad63>144 316.8 Q F2
+(The maximum size of cor)25.5 E 2.5<658c>-.18 G(les cr)-2.5 E(eated)-.18
+E F4<ad64>144 328.8 Q F2(The maximum size of a pr)23.83 E
(ocess's data segment)-.18 E F4<ad66>144 340.8 Q F2
(The maximum size of \214les cr)26.05 E(eated by the shell)-.18 E F4
<ad6c>144 352.8 Q F2(The maximum size that may be locked into memory)
F2(The maximum number of pr)23.83 E(ocesses available to a single user)
-.18 E F4<ad76>144 448.8 Q F2
(The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell)24.38 E(If)
-144 465.6 Q F3(limit)4.151 E F2 1.511
-(is given, it is the new value of the speci\214ed r)4.281 F(esour)-.18 E
-1.51(ce \(the)-.18 F F4<ad61>4.01 E F2 1.51(option is display)4.01 F
+144 465.6 Q F3(limit)4.15 E F2 1.51
+(is given, it is the new value of the speci\214ed r)4.28 F(esour)-.18 E
+1.511(ce \(the)-.18 F F4<ad61>4.011 E F2 1.511(option is display)4.011 F
4.315(only\). If)144 477.6 R 1.815(no option is given, then)4.315 F F4
<ad66>4.315 E F2 1.815(is assumed.)4.315 F -.92(Va)6.815 G 1.815
(lues ar).92 F 4.315(ei)-.18 G 4.315(n1)-4.315 G 1.815(024-byte incr)
--4.315 F(ements,)-.18 E .97
3(except for)144 489.6 R F4<ad74>3.473 E F2
+-4.315 F(ements,)-.18 E .97
2(except for)144 489.6 R F4<ad74>3.473 E F2
3.473(,w)C .973(hich is in seconds,)-3.473 F F4<ad70>3.473 E F2 3.473
(,w)C .973(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-3.473 F F4<ad6e>
-3.473 E F2(and)3.472 E F4<ad75>144 501.6 Q F2 3.517(,w)C 1.017(hich ar)
--3.517 F 3.517(eu)-.18 G 1.017(nscaled values.)-3.517 F 1.017(The r)
-6.017 F 1.018(eturn status is 0 unless an invalid option or ar)-.18 F
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+-3.518 F 3.518(eu)-.18 G 1.018(nscaled values.)-3.518 F 1.017(The r)
+6.018 F 1.017(eturn status is 0 unless an invalid option or ar)-.18 F
(gu-)-.18 E(ment is supplied, or an err)144 513.6 Q
(or occurs while setting a new limit.)-.18 E F4(umask)108 530.4 Q F2([)
2.5 E F4<ad70>A F2 2.5(][)C F4<ad53>-2.5 E F2 2.5(][)C F3(mode)-2.5 E F2
-(])A .536(The user \214le-cr)144 542.4 R .536(eation mask is set to)-.18
-F F3(mode)3.035 E F2 5.535(.I).35 G(f)-5.535 E F3(mode)3.295 E F2 .535
-(begins with a digit, it is interpr)3.385 F .535(eted as)-.18 F 1.826
-(an octal number; otherwise it is interpr)144 554.4 R 1.827
-(eted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that)-.18 F .951(accepted by)
-144 566.4 R F3(chmod)3.451 E F2 3.451(\(1\). If).33 F F3(mode)3.711 E F2
-.951(is omitted, the curr)3.801 F .95(ent value of the mask is printed.)
--.18 F(The)5.95 E F4<ad53>144 578.4 Q F2 .607(option causes the mask to\
- be printed in symbolic form; the default output is an octal)3.106 F
-(number)144 590.4 Q 6.02(.I)-.74 G 3.52(ft)-6.02 G(he)-3.52 E F4<ad70>
-3.52 E F2 1.02(option is supplied, and)3.52 F F3(mode)3.78 E F2 1.02
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that)3.87 F .236(may be r)144 602.4
-R .236(eused as input.)-.18 F .236(The r)5.236 F .237
+(])A .535(The user \214le-cr)144 542.4 R .535(eation mask is set to)-.18
+F F3(mode)3.035 E F2 5.535(.I).35 G(f)-5.535 E F3(mode)3.295 E F2 .536
+(begins with a digit, it is interpr)3.385 F .536(eted as)-.18 F 1.827
+(an octal number; otherwise it is interpr)144 554.4 R 1.826
+(eted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that)-.18 F .95(accepted by)144
+566.4 R F3(chmod)3.45 E F2 3.45(\(1\). If).33 F F3(mode)3.71 E F2 .951
+(is omitted, the curr)3.8 F .951(ent value of the mask is printed.)-.18
+F(The)5.951 E F4<ad53>144 578.4 Q F2 .607(option causes the mask to be \
+printed in symbolic form; the default output is an octal)3.107 F(number)
+144 590.4 Q 6.02(.I)-.74 G 3.52(ft)-6.02 G(he)-3.52 E F4<ad70>3.52 E F2
+1.02(option is supplied, and)3.52 F F3(mode)3.78 E F2 1.02
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that)3.87 F .237(may be r)144 602.4
+R .237(eused as input.)-.18 F .237(The r)5.237 F .236
(eturn status is 0 if the mode was successfully changed or if)-.18 F(no)
144 614.4 Q F3(mode)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E
(gument was supplied, and false otherwise.)-.18 E F4(unalias)108 631.2 Q
-F2<5bad>2.5 E F4(a)A F2 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F2(...])2.5 E .719
-(Remove each)144 643.2 R F3(name)3.219 E F2(fr)3.219 E .719
+F2<5bad>2.5 E F4(a)A F2 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F2(...])2.5 E .718
+(Remove each)144 643.2 R F3(name)3.218 E F2(fr)3.218 E .719
(om the list of de\214ned aliases.)-.18 F(If)5.719 E F4<ad61>3.219 E F2
-.718(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions)3.218 F(ar)144 655.2 Q 2.5(er)
+.719(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions)3.219 F(ar)144 655.2 Q 2.5(er)
-.18 G 2.5(emoved. The)-2.68 F -.18(re)2.5 G(turn value is tr).18 E
(ue unless a supplied)-.08 E F3(name)2.76 E F2
(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.85 E F4(unset)108 672 Q F2<5bad>2.5 E F4
(fv)A F2 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F2(...])2.5 E 1.61(For each)144 684 R
F3(name)4.11 E F2 4.11(,r).35 G 1.61(emove the corr)-4.29 F 1.61
(esponding variable or function.)-.18 F 1.61(If no options ar)6.61 F
-4.11(es)-.18 G(up-)-4.11 E .474(plied, or the)144 696 R F4<ad76>2.974 E
-F2 .473(option is given, each)2.974 F F3(name)3.233 E F2 -.18(re)3.323 G
-.473(fers to a shell variable.).18 F .473(Read-only variables)5.473 F
+4.11(es)-.18 G(up-)-4.11 E .473(plied, or the)144 696 R F4<ad76>2.973 E
+F2 .473(option is given, each)2.973 F F3(name)3.233 E F2 -.18(re)3.323 G
+.474(fers to a shell variable.).18 F .474(Read-only variables)5.474 F
.32(may not be unset.)144 708 R(If)5.32 E F4<ad66>2.82 E F2 .32
(is speci\214ed, each)2.82 F F3(name)3.08 E F2 -.18(re)3.17 G .32
(fers to a shell function, and the function).18 F .405
(de\214nition is r)144 720 R 2.905(emoved. Each)-.18 F .405
(unset variable or function is r)2.905 F .405(emoved fr)-.18 F .405
(om the envir)-.18 F(onment)-.18 E F0(GNU Bash-3.1-de)72 768 Q -.15(ve)
--.25 G 124.42(l2).15 G(005 Feb 19)-124.42 E(62)199 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Palatino-Roman@0 SF 1.474(passed to subsequent commands.)
+-.35 E/F1 10/Palatino-Roman@0 SF 1.475(passed to subsequent commands.)
144 84 R 1.475(If any of)6.475 F/F2 9/Palatino-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)3.975 E
-/F3 9/Palatino-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2(SECONDS)3.725 E F3(,)A F2(LINENO)3.725
-E F3(,)A F2(HISTCMD)3.725 E F3(,)A F2(FUNCNAME)144 96 Q F3(,)A F2
-(GROUPS)2.804 E F3(,)A F1(or)2.803 E F2(DIRST)3.053 E(ACK)-.828 E F1(ar)
+/F3 9/Palatino-Roman@0 SF(,)A F2(SECONDS)3.725 E F3(,)A F2(LINENO)3.724
+E F3(,)A F2(HISTCMD)3.724 E F3(,)A F2(FUNCNAME)144 96 Q F3(,)A F2
+(GROUPS)2.803 E F3(,)A F1(or)2.803 E F2(DIRST)3.053 E(ACK)-.828 E F1(ar)
2.803 E 3.053(eu)-.18 G .553(nset, they lose their special pr)-3.053 F
.553(operties, even if)-.18 F(they ar)144 108 Q 2.5(es)-.18 G
(ubsequently r)-2.5 E 2.5(eset. The)-.18 F(exit status is tr)2.5 E
(eturn its termination status.)-.18 F(Each)5.016 E F4(n)2.776 E F1 .016
(may be a pr)2.596 F(ocess)-.18 E 1.733
(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is given, all pr)144 148.8 R
-1.733(ocesses in that job's pipeline ar)-.18 F(e)-.18 E 1.014
-(waited for)144 160.8 R 6.014(.I)-.74 G(f)-6.014 E F4(n)3.774 E F1 1.014
-(is not given, all curr)3.594 F 1.014(ently active child pr)-.18 F 1.015
-(ocesses ar)-.18 F 3.515(ew)-.18 G 1.015(aited for)-3.515 F 3.515(,a)
--.74 G 1.015(nd the)-3.515 F -.18(re)144 172.8 S .694
+1.733(ocesses in that job's pipeline ar)-.18 F(e)-.18 E 1.015
+(waited for)144 160.8 R 6.015(.I)-.74 G(f)-6.015 E F4(n)3.775 E F1 1.015
+(is not given, all curr)3.595 F 1.014(ently active child pr)-.18 F 1.014
+(ocesses ar)-.18 F 3.514(ew)-.18 G 1.014(aited for)-3.514 F 3.514(,a)
+-.74 G 1.014(nd the)-3.514 F -.18(re)144 172.8 S .693
(turn status is zer).18 F 3.193(o. If)-.18 F F4(n)3.453 E F1 .693
(speci\214es a non-existent pr)3.273 F .693(ocess or job, the r)-.18 F
-.693(eturn status is 127.)-.18 F(Otherwise, the r)144 184.8 Q
+.694(eturn status is 127.)-.18 F(Otherwise, the r)144 184.8 Q
(eturn status is the exit status of the last pr)-.18 E
(ocess or job waited for)-.18 E(.)-.74 E/F6 10.95/Palatino-Bold@0 SF
-(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 201.6 Q F1(If)108 213.6 Q F5(bash)4.638 E F1 2.138
-(is started with the name)4.638 F F5(rbash)4.638 E F1 4.638(,o)C 4.638
-(rt)-4.638 G(he)-4.638 E F5<ad72>4.638 E F1 2.139
+(RESTRICTED SHELL)72 201.6 Q F1(If)108 213.6 Q F5(bash)4.639 E F1 2.139
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%%Page: 64 65
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
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+-123.59 E(64)198.17 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<!-- Created on February, 22 2005 by texi2html 1.64 -->
+<!-- Created on March, 15 2005 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
<H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P>
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 3.1-devel, 19 February 2005)..
+the Bash shell (version 3.1-devel, 15 March 2005)..
</P><P>
-This is Edition 3.1-devel, last updated 19 February 2005,
+This is Edition 3.1-devel, last updated 15 March 2005,
of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>,
for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 3.1-devel.
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>printf</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX101"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>printf</CODE> <VAR>format</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>printf</CODE> [-v <VAR>var</VAR>] <VAR>format</VAR> [<VAR>arguments</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Write the formatted <VAR>arguments</VAR> to the standard output under the
control of the <VAR>format</VAR>.
The <VAR>format</VAR> is a character string which contains three types of objects:
corresponding <VAR>argument</VAR> in a format that can be reused as shell input.
<P>
+The <SAMP>`-v'</SAMP> option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+<VAR>var</VAR> rather than being printed to the standard output.
+</P><P>
+
The <VAR>format</VAR> is reused as necessary to consume all of the <VAR>arguments</VAR>.
If the <VAR>format</VAR> requires more <VAR>arguments</VAR> than are supplied, the
extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
<P>
<LI>
-Reserved words may not be aliased.
+Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are recognized
+do not undergo alias expansion.
<P>
<LI>
the command name, and so on.
<P>
-<LI>
-If the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin finds a directory to change to
-using <CODE>$CDPATH</CODE>, the
-value it assigns to the <CODE>PWD</CODE> variable does not contain any
-symbolic links, as if <SAMP>`cd -P'</SAMP> had been executed.
-<P>
-
<LI>
If <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is set, the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin will not implicitly
append the current directory to it. This means that <CODE>cd</CODE> will
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>February, 22 2005</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>March, 15 2005</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>February, 22 2005</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>March, 15 2005</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 3.1-devel, 19 February 2005).
+the Bash shell (version 3.1-devel, 15 March 2005).
- This is Edition 3.1-devel, last updated 19 February 2005, of `The
-GNU Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.1-devel.
+ This is Edition 3.1-devel, last updated 15 March 2005, of `The GNU
+Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.1-devel.
Copyright (C) 1988-2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 3.1-devel, 19 February 2005)..
+the Bash shell (version 3.1-devel, 15 March 2005)..
- This is Edition 3.1-devel, last updated 19 February 2005, of `The
-GNU Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.1-devel.
+ This is Edition 3.1-devel, last updated 15 March 2005, of `The GNU
+Bash Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 3.1-devel.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
features that only appear in Bash. Some of the shells that Bash has
Exit a login shell, returning a status of N to the shell's parent.
`printf'
- `printf' FORMAT [ARGUMENTS]
+ `printf' [-v VAR] FORMAT [ARGUMENTS]
Write the formatted ARGUMENTS to the standard output under the
control of the FORMAT. The FORMAT is a character string which
contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are
and `%q' causes `printf' to output the corresponding ARGUMENT in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
+ The `-v' option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+ VAR rather than being printed to the standard output.
+
The FORMAT is reused as necessary to consume all of the ARGUMENTS.
If the FORMAT requires more ARGUMENTS than are supplied, the extra
format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
is stopped is `Stopped(SIGNAME)', where SIGNAME is, for example,
`SIGTSTP'.
- 4. Reserved words may not be aliased.
+ 4. Reserved words appearing in a context where reserved words are
+ recognized do not undergo alias expansion.
5. The POSIX 1003.2 `PS1' and `PS2' expansions of `!' to the history
number and `!!' to `!' are enabled, and parameter expansion is
options, redirection errors, variable assignment errors for
assignments preceding the command name, and so on.
- 18. If the `cd' builtin finds a directory to change to using
- `$CDPATH', the value it assigns to the `PWD' variable does not
- contain any symbolic links, as if `cd -P' had been executed.
-
- 19. If `CDPATH' is set, the `cd' builtin will not implicitly append
+ 18. If `CDPATH' is set, the `cd' builtin will not implicitly append
the current directory to it. This means that `cd' will fail if no
valid directory name can be constructed from any of the entries in
`$CDPATH', even if the a directory with the same name as the name
given as an argument to `cd' exists in the current directory.
- 20. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
+ 19. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if a variable
assignment error occurs when no command name follows the assignment
statements. A variable assignment error occurs, for example, when
trying to assign a value to a readonly variable.
- 21. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
+ 20. A non-interactive shell exits with an error status if the iteration
variable in a `for' statement or the selection variable in a
`select' statement is a readonly variable.
- 22. Process substitution is not available.
+ 21. Process substitution is not available.
- 23. Assignment statements preceding POSIX 1003.2 special builtins
+ 22. Assignment statements preceding POSIX 1003.2 special builtins
persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
- 24. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
+ 23. Assignment statements preceding shell function calls persist in the
shell environment after the function returns, as if a POSIX
special builtin command had been executed.
- 25. The `export' and `readonly' builtin commands display their output
+ 24. The `export' and `readonly' builtin commands display their output
in the format required by POSIX 1003.2.
- 26. The `trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading `SIG'.
+ 25. The `trap' builtin displays signal names without the leading `SIG'.
- 27. The `trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
+ 26. The `trap' builtin doesn't check the first argument for a possible
signal specification and revert the signal handling to the original
disposition if it is, unless that argument consists solely of
digits and is a valid signal number. If users want to reset the
handler for a given signal to the original disposition, they
should use `-' as the first argument.
- 28. The `.' and `source' builtins do not search the current directory
+ 27. The `.' and `source' builtins do not search the current directory
for the filename argument if it is not found by searching `PATH'.
- 29. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the
+ 28. Subshells spawned to execute command substitutions inherit the
value of the `-e' option from the parent shell. When not in POSIX
mode, Bash clears the `-e' option in such subshells.
- 30. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
+ 29. Alias expansion is always enabled, even in non-interactive shells.
- 31. When the `alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
+ 30. When the `alias' builtin displays alias definitions, it does not
display them with a leading `alias ' unless the `-p' option is
supplied.
- 32. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
+ 31. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it does not
display shell function names and definitions.
- 33. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
+ 32. When the `set' builtin is invoked without options, it displays
variable values without quotes, unless they contain shell
metacharacters, even if the result contains nonprinting characters.
- 34. When the `cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
+ 33. When the `cd' builtin is invoked in LOGICAL mode, and the pathname
constructed from `$PWD' and the directory name supplied as an
argument does not refer to an existing directory, `cd' will fail
instead of falling back to PHYSICAL mode.
- 35. When the `pwd' builtin is supplied the `-P' option, it resets
+ 34. When the `pwd' builtin is supplied the `-P' option, it resets
`$PWD' to a pathname containing no symlinks.
- 36. When listing the history, the `fc' builtin does not include an
+ 35. When listing the history, the `fc' builtin does not include an
indication of whether or not a history entry has been modified.
- 37. The default editor used by `fc' is `ed'.
+ 36. The default editor used by `fc' is `ed'.
- 38. The `type' and `command' builtins will not report a non-executable
+ 37. The `type' and `command' builtins will not report a non-executable
file as having been found, though the shell will attempt to
execute such a file if it is the only so-named file found in
`$PATH'.
- 39. When the `xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
+ 38. When the `xpg_echo' option is enabled, Bash does not attempt to
interpret any arguments to `echo' as options. Each argument is
displayed, after escape characters are converted.
(line 58)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 163)
-* read: Bash Builtins. (line 324)
+* read: Bash Builtins. (line 327)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 172)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
* set: The Set Builtin. (line 9)
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 200)
-* shopt: Bash Builtins. (line 385)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 616)
+* shopt: Bash Builtins. (line 388)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 619)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 94)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 276)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 281)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 620)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 651)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 657)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 623)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 654)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 660)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 322)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 719)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 722)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 339)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f1375
-Node: Introduction\7f3537
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3766
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4859
-Node: Definitions\7f7400
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f10141
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f11360
-Node: Shell Operation\7f12392
-Node: Quoting\7f13686
-Node: Escape Character\7f14990
-Node: Single Quotes\7f15475
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15823
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16948
-Node: Locale Translation\7f17904
-Node: Comments\7f18800
-Node: Shell Commands\7f19414
-Node: Simple Commands\7f20180
-Node: Pipelines\7f20811
-Node: Lists\7f22686
-Node: Compound Commands\7f24317
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f25101
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f27548
-Node: Command Grouping\7f35008
-Node: Shell Functions\7f36457
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f40747
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f43077
-Node: Special Parameters\7f43977
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f46941
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f48866
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f51191
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f53542
-Node: Command Substitution\7f61051
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f62384
-Node: Process Substitution\7f63234
-Node: Word Splitting\7f64284
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f65745
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f67881
-Node: Quote Removal\7f71206
-Node: Redirections\7f71501
-Node: Executing Commands\7f79231
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f79906
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f81836
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f83842
-Node: Environment\7f86613
-Node: Exit Status\7f88273
-Node: Signals\7f89477
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f91441
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f93959
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f95538
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f112491
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f141325
-Node: Special Builtins\7f149732
-Node: Shell Variables\7f150709
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f151149
-Node: Bash Variables\7f153130
-Node: Bash Features\7f173182
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f174065
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f179886
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f184744
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f185154
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f185804
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f186619
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f189895
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f193474
-Node: Aliases\7f196220
-Node: Arrays\7f198788
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f202055
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f202769
-Node: Printing a Prompt\7f205660
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f208374
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f210206
-Node: Job Control\7f217657
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f218124
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f222500
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f226852
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f228010
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f229009
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f230631
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f231822
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f233611
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f234576
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f236496
-Node: Searching\7f237540
-Node: Readline Init File\7f239726
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f240785
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f252644
-Node: Sample Init File\7f255177
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f258294
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f259501
-Node: Commands For History\7f260362
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Loading texinfo [version 2003-02-03.16]: Basics,
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[39] [40] [41] [42] [43]
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[]@texttt read [-ers] [-a @textttsl aname@texttt ] [-d @textttsl de-lim@texttt
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me-
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[44] [45]
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[] []@textrm Error trac-ing is en-abled: com-mand sub-sti-tu-tion, shell
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@texttt -x[]@textrm Print a trace of sim-ple com-mands, @texttt \@textrm fB-fo
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[52] [53] Chapter 5 [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] Chapter 6
[63] [64]
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-ir] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@t
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[]@texttt bash [long-opt] [-abefhkmnptuvxdBCDHP] [-o @textttsl op-tion@texttt
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[65] [66]
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[]@textrm When a lo-gin shell ex-its, Bash reads and ex-e-cutes com-mands from
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[111]) (/Users/chet/src/bash/src/lib/readline/doc/hsuser.texi Chapter 9
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-1245 y(24.)61 b(Assignmen)m(t)35 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)f(shell)f
+929 y(23.)61 b(Assignmen)m(t)35 b(statemen)m(ts)h(preceding)f(shell)f
(function)g(calls)i(p)s(ersist)e(in)g(the)h(shell)f(en)m(vironmen)m(t)
-330 1354 y(after)d(the)f(function)h(returns,)e(as)i(if)f(a)h
+330 1038 y(after)d(the)f(function)h(returns,)e(as)i(if)f(a)h
Fl(posix)e Ft(sp)s(ecial)i(builtin)f(command)g(had)g(b)s(een)g
-(executed.)154 1481 y(25.)61 b(The)38 b Fs(export)f Ft(and)g
+(executed.)154 1175 y(24.)61 b(The)38 b Fs(export)f Ft(and)g
Fs(readonly)f Ft(builtin)i(commands)g(displa)m(y)h(their)f(output)g(in)
-g(the)h(format)g(re-)330 1591 y(quired)30 b(b)m(y)g Fl(posix)f
-Ft(1003.2.)154 1718 y(26.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(trap)f Ft(builtin)h(displa)m
+g(the)h(format)g(re-)330 1285 y(quired)30 b(b)m(y)g Fl(posix)f
+Ft(1003.2.)154 1422 y(25.)61 b(The)30 b Fs(trap)f Ft(builtin)h(displa)m
(ys)g(signal)i(names)e(without)g(the)h(leading)g Fs(SIG)p
-Ft(.)154 1845 y(27.)61 b(The)39 b Fs(trap)e Ft(builtin)i(do)s(esn't)g
+Ft(.)154 1558 y(26.)61 b(The)39 b Fs(trap)e Ft(builtin)i(do)s(esn't)g
(c)m(hec)m(k)h(the)g(\014rst)e(argumen)m(t)i(for)e(a)i(p)s(ossible)e
-(signal)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)330 1954 y(and)30 b(rev)m(ert)i(the)e
+(signal)i(sp)s(eci\014cation)330 1668 y(and)30 b(rev)m(ert)i(the)e
(signal)i(handling)e(to)h(the)g(original)h(disp)s(osition)e(if)h(it)g
-(is,)g(unless)f(that)h(argumen)m(t)330 2064 y(consists)e(solely)g(of)g
+(is,)g(unless)f(that)h(argumen)m(t)330 1778 y(consists)e(solely)g(of)g
(digits)g(and)f(is)g(a)h(v)-5 b(alid)29 b(signal)g(n)m(um)m(b)s(er.)38
b(If)28 b(users)g(w)m(an)m(t)h(to)g(reset)g(the)g(handler)330
-2173 y(for)h(a)g(giv)m(en)h(signal)g(to)f(the)h(original)g(disp)s
+1887 y(for)h(a)g(giv)m(en)h(signal)g(to)f(the)h(original)g(disp)s
(osition,)f(they)g(should)f(use)h(`)p Fs(-)p Ft(')g(as)g(the)g(\014rst)
-f(argumen)m(t.)154 2300 y(28.)61 b(The)21 b Fs(.)h Ft(and)f
+f(argumen)m(t.)154 2024 y(27.)61 b(The)21 b Fs(.)h Ft(and)f
Fs(source)f Ft(builtins)h(do)g(not)h(searc)m(h)h(the)f(curren)m(t)f
(directory)h(for)g(the)g(\014lename)f(argumen)m(t)330
-2410 y(if)30 b(it)h(is)g(not)f(found)f(b)m(y)i(searc)m(hing)g
-Fs(PATH)p Ft(.)154 2537 y(29.)61 b(Subshells)20 b(spa)m(wned)h(to)h
+2134 y(if)30 b(it)h(is)g(not)f(found)f(b)m(y)i(searc)m(hing)g
+Fs(PATH)p Ft(.)154 2271 y(28.)61 b(Subshells)20 b(spa)m(wned)h(to)h
(execute)g(command)g(substitutions)f(inherit)g(the)g(v)-5
b(alue)22 b(of)g(the)f(`)p Fs(-e)p Ft(')g(option)330
-2646 y(from)34 b(the)h(paren)m(t)g(shell.)55 b(When)34
+2380 y(from)34 b(the)h(paren)m(t)g(shell.)55 b(When)34
b(not)i(in)e Fl(posix)g Ft(mo)s(de,)i(Bash)f(clears)h(the)f(`)p
-Fs(-e)p Ft(')f(option)i(in)e(suc)m(h)330 2756 y(subshells.)154
-2883 y(30.)61 b(Alias)31 b(expansion)g(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(enabled,)e
-(ev)m(en)i(in)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)154 3010
-y(31.)61 b(When)43 b(the)g Fs(alias)f Ft(builtin)g(displa)m(ys)i(alias)
+Fs(-e)p Ft(')f(option)i(in)e(suc)m(h)330 2490 y(subshells.)154
+2627 y(29.)61 b(Alias)31 b(expansion)g(is)f(alw)m(a)m(ys)i(enabled,)e
+(ev)m(en)i(in)e(non-in)m(teractiv)m(e)j(shells.)154 2763
+y(30.)61 b(When)43 b(the)g Fs(alias)f Ft(builtin)g(displa)m(ys)i(alias)
g(de\014nitions,)i(it)d(do)s(es)g(not)g(displa)m(y)h(them)f(with)g(a)
-330 3119 y(leading)31 b(`)p Fs(alias)e Ft(')i(unless)f(the)g(`)p
-Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)g(supplied.)154 3246 y(32.)61
+330 2873 y(leading)31 b(`)p Fs(alias)e Ft(')i(unless)f(the)g(`)p
+Fs(-p)p Ft(')g(option)h(is)g(supplied.)154 3010 y(31.)61
b(When)40 b(the)g Fs(set)f Ft(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m(ed)h
(without)f(options,)j(it)e(do)s(es)f(not)g(displa)m(y)g(shell)g
-(function)330 3356 y(names)30 b(and)g(de\014nitions.)154
-3483 y(33.)61 b(When)36 b(the)g Fs(set)g Ft(builtin)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)
+(function)330 3119 y(names)30 b(and)g(de\014nitions.)154
+3256 y(32.)61 b(When)36 b(the)g Fs(set)g Ft(builtin)g(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)
m(ed)i(without)e(options,)i(it)f(displa)m(ys)f(v)-5 b(ariable)37
-b(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(without)330 3592 y(quotes,)26 b(unless)d(they)i
+b(v)-5 b(alues)37 b(without)330 3366 y(quotes,)26 b(unless)d(they)i
(con)m(tain)g(shell)f(metac)m(haracters,)k(ev)m(en)d(if)f(the)g(result)
-g(con)m(tains)i(nonprin)m(ting)330 3702 y(c)m(haracters.)154
-3829 y(34.)61 b(When)35 b(the)g Fs(cd)f Ft(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m
+g(con)m(tains)i(nonprin)m(ting)330 3476 y(c)m(haracters.)154
+3612 y(33.)61 b(When)35 b(the)g Fs(cd)f Ft(builtin)h(is)g(in)m(v)m(ok)m
(ed)i(in)d Fq(logical)41 b Ft(mo)s(de,)36 b(and)f(the)g(pathname)g
-(constructed)g(from)330 3938 y Fs($PWD)i Ft(and)h(the)h(directory)f
+(constructed)g(from)330 3722 y Fs($PWD)i Ft(and)h(the)h(directory)f
(name)h(supplied)e(as)i(an)f(argumen)m(t)h(do)s(es)f(not)g(refer)h(to)g
-(an)f(existing)330 4048 y(directory)-8 b(,)32 b Fs(cd)d
+(an)f(existing)330 3832 y(directory)-8 b(,)32 b Fs(cd)d
Ft(will)i(fail)g(instead)g(of)f(falling)h(bac)m(k)h(to)f
-Fq(ph)m(ysical)j Ft(mo)s(de.)154 4175 y(35.)61 b(When)20
+Fq(ph)m(ysical)j Ft(mo)s(de.)154 3968 y(34.)61 b(When)20
b(the)h Fs(pwd)e Ft(builtin)h(is)g(supplied)g(the)g(`)p
Fs(-P)p Ft(')g(option,)j(it)e(resets)g Fs($PWD)e Ft(to)i(a)g(pathname)f
-(con)m(taining)330 4284 y(no)30 b(symlinks.)154 4411
-y(36.)61 b(When)35 b(listing)g(the)g(history)-8 b(,)36
+(con)m(taining)330 4078 y(no)30 b(symlinks.)154 4215
+y(35.)61 b(When)35 b(listing)g(the)g(history)-8 b(,)36
b(the)f Fs(fc)g Ft(builtin)f(do)s(es)g(not)h(include)g(an)f(indication)
-i(of)f(whether)f(or)330 4521 y(not)d(a)f(history)h(en)m(try)f(has)g(b)s
-(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed.)154 4648 y(37.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(editor)h
-(used)f(b)m(y)g Fs(fc)g Ft(is)g Fs(ed)p Ft(.)154 4775
-y(38.)61 b(The)37 b Fs(type)g Ft(and)g Fs(command)f Ft(builtins)i(will)
+i(of)f(whether)f(or)330 4324 y(not)d(a)f(history)h(en)m(try)f(has)g(b)s
+(een)g(mo)s(di\014ed.)154 4461 y(36.)61 b(The)30 b(default)g(editor)h
+(used)f(b)m(y)g Fs(fc)g Ft(is)g Fs(ed)p Ft(.)154 4598
+y(37.)61 b(The)37 b Fs(type)g Ft(and)g Fs(command)f Ft(builtins)i(will)
g(not)g(rep)s(ort)f(a)i(non-executable)g(\014le)f(as)g(ha)m(ving)h(b)s
-(een)330 4884 y(found,)26 b(though)h(the)g(shell)g(will)g(attempt)h(to)
+(een)330 4708 y(found,)26 b(though)h(the)g(shell)g(will)g(attempt)h(to)
g(execute)g(suc)m(h)f(a)g(\014le)g(if)g(it)g(is)g(the)g(only)g
-(so-named)g(\014le)330 4994 y(found)i(in)h Fs($PATH)p
-Ft(.)154 5121 y(39.)61 b(When)41 b(the)g Fs(xpg_echo)e
+(so-named)g(\014le)330 4817 y(found)i(in)h Fs($PATH)p
+Ft(.)154 4954 y(38.)61 b(When)41 b(the)g Fs(xpg_echo)e
Ft(option)i(is)g(enabled,)j(Bash)d(do)s(es)g(not)g(attempt)h(to)g(in)m
-(terpret)f(an)m(y)h(ar-)330 5230 y(gumen)m(ts)35 b(to)g
+(terpret)f(an)m(y)h(ar-)330 5064 y(gumen)m(ts)35 b(to)g
Fs(echo)e Ft(as)i(options.)54 b(Eac)m(h)35 b(argumen)m(t)g(is)f(displa)
m(y)m(ed,)j(after)e(escap)s(e)g(c)m(haracters)h(are)330
-5340 y(con)m(v)m(erted.)p eop end
+5173 y(con)m(v)m(erted.)275 5340 y(There)29 b(is)i(other)f
+Fl(posix)g Ft(1003.2)j(b)s(eha)m(vior)d(that)h(Bash)g(do)s(es)f(not)h
+(implemen)m(t.)41 b(Sp)s(eci\014cally:)p eop end
%%Page: 81 87
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-(sp)s(ecial)330 543 y(ones.)199 677 y(2.)61 b(When)20
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-(with)f(execute)i(p)s(ermission,)g(but)e(without)330
-787 y(a)35 b(leading)h(`)p Fs(#!)p Ft(',)g(Bash)g(sets)f
-Fs($0)f Ft(to)i(the)f(full)g(pathname)g(of)g(the)g(script)g(as)g(found)
-f(b)m(y)h(searc)m(hing)330 897 y Fs($PATH)p Ft(,)29 b(rather)h(than)h
-(the)f(command)g(as)h(t)m(yp)s(ed)f(b)m(y)g(the)h(user.)199
-1031 y(3.)61 b(When)28 b(using)f(`)p Fs(.)p Ft(')h(to)g(source)g(a)h
-(shell)f(script)f(found)g(in)g Fs($PATH)p Ft(,)h(bash)f(c)m(hec)m(ks)i
-(execute)g(p)s(ermission)330 1141 y(bits)h(rather)h(than)f(read)g(p)s
-(ermission)f(bits,)i(just)f(as)g(if)g(it)h(w)m(ere)g(searc)m(hing)g
-(for)g(a)f(command.)p eop end
+b(Bash)30 b(F)-8 b(eatures)2484 b(81)199 299 y(1.)61
+b(Assignmen)m(t)26 b(statemen)m(ts)i(a\013ect)f(the)f(execution)g(en)m
+(vironmen)m(t)h(of)f(all)g(builtins,)g(not)g(just)f(sp)s(ecial)330
+408 y(ones.)199 543 y(2.)61 b(When)20 b(a)h(subshell)f(is)h(created)g
+(to)h(execute)g(a)f(shell)f(script)h(with)f(execute)i(p)s(ermission,)g
+(but)e(without)330 653 y(a)35 b(leading)h(`)p Fs(#!)p
+Ft(',)g(Bash)g(sets)f Fs($0)f Ft(to)i(the)f(full)g(pathname)g(of)g(the)
+g(script)g(as)g(found)f(b)m(y)h(searc)m(hing)330 762
+y Fs($PATH)p Ft(,)29 b(rather)h(than)h(the)f(command)g(as)h(t)m(yp)s
+(ed)f(b)m(y)g(the)h(user.)199 897 y(3.)61 b(When)28 b(using)f(`)p
+Fs(.)p Ft(')h(to)g(source)g(a)h(shell)f(script)f(found)g(in)g
+Fs($PATH)p Ft(,)h(bash)f(c)m(hec)m(ks)i(execute)g(p)s(ermission)330
+1006 y(bits)h(rather)h(than)f(read)g(p)s(ermission)f(bits,)i(just)f(as)
+g(if)g(it)h(w)m(ere)g(searc)m(hing)g(for)g(a)f(command.)p
+eop end
%%Page: 82 88
TeXDict begin 82 87 bop 150 -116 a Ft(82)2572 b(Bash)31
b(Reference)g(Man)m(ual)p eop end
@item printf
@btindex printf
@example
-@code{printf} @var{format} [@var{arguments}]
+@code{printf} [-v @var{var}] @var{format} [@var{arguments}]
@end example
Write the formatted @var{arguments} to the standard output under the
control of the @var{format}.
and @samp{%q} causes @code{printf} to output the
corresponding @var{argument} in a format that can be reused as shell input.
+The @option{-v} option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+@var{var} rather than being printed to the standard output.
+
The @var{format} is reused as necessary to consume all of the @var{arguments}.
If the @var{format} requires more @var{arguments} than are supplied, the
extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or null string, as
tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
fails.
- p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
+ p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which
contains three types of objects: plain characters, which are
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a format that can
be reused as shell input.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be assigned to the variable
+ _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the standard output.
+
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
- and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
+ and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
if supplied, have the following meanings:
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
- directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
+ directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
new current working directory.
If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
- fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
- occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-d\bd
_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
- descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
- second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
- ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
+ second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
+ ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
- are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
- split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
- used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
- and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
+ split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
+ used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
+ and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
ignored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
input line, rather than newline.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
(see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
waiting for a complete line of input.
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In
- particular, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a
- line continuation.
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. This
- option has no effect if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is not reading input from
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. This
+ option has no effect if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is not reading input from
the terminal or a pipe.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
- able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
- encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, or an invalid file descriptor is
+ able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
+ encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out, or an invalid file descriptor is
supplied as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\bap\bpf\bf] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to arrays. If no
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
- list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp option causes
- output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
- If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the vari-
- able is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0 unless an invalid
- option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ list of all readonly names is printed. The -\b-p\bp option causes
+ output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
+ If a variable name is followed by =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the vari-
+ able is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return status is 0 unless an invalid
+ option is encountered, one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell
variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a func-
tion.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
- If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
- executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
- during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
+ Causes a function to exit with the return value specified by _\bn.
+ If _\bn is omitted, the return status is that of the last command
+ executed in the function body. If used outside a function, but
+ during execution of a script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it
causes the shell to stop executing that script and return either
- _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
- script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
- function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
+ _\bn or the exit status of the last command executed within the
+ script as the exit status of the script. If used outside a
+ function and not during execution of a script by .\b., the return
status is false. Any command associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is
- executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
+ executed before execution resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCH\bHP\bP] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
- options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated
- as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after the options are processed are treated
+ as values for the positional parameters and are assigned, in
order, to $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
- -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
- modified or created for export to the environment of
+ -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
+ modified or created for export to the environment of
subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
above) exits with a non-zero status. The shell does not
- exit if the command that fails is part of the command
- list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
- part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|
+ exit if the command that fails is part of the command
+ list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword,
+ part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|
list, or if the command's return value is being inverted
- via !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if set, is executed before the
+ via !\b!. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR, if set, is executed before the
shell exits.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
- cesses run in a separate process group and a line con-
- taining their exit status is printed upon their comple-
- tion.
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). Background pro-
+ cesses run in a separate process group and a line
+ containing their exit status is printed upon their com-
+ pletion.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
operation differs from the POSIX 1003.2 standard
to match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored.
- If the shell is started with the effective user (group)
- id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp
- option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
+ variable, if it appears in the environment, is ignored.
+ If the shell is started with the effective user (group)
+ id not equal to the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp
+ option is not supplied, these actions are taken and the
effective user id is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp
- option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
+ option is supplied at startup, the effective user id is
not reset. Turning this option off causes the effective
- user and group ids to be set to the real user and group
+ user and group ids to be set to the real user and group
ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables as an error when performing param-
- eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset
+ eter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an unset
variable, the shell prints an error message, and, if not
interactive, exits with a non-zero status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
- command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
- and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command,
+ display the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the com-
+ mand and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
-\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
-\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.18.1
-%%CreationDate: Tue Feb 22 13:37:34 2005
+%%CreationDate: Tue Mar 15 17:26:56 2005
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
(lid option is encountered, the directory stack is empty).25 F 2.915
(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-2.915 E .415(xistent direc-)-.15 F
(tory stack entry is speci\214ed, or the directory change f)144 196.8 Q
-(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 213.6 Q F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A
-(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372(Write the formatted)144 225.6 R F2(ar)2.872
-E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372
+(ails.)-.1 E F1(printf)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad76>A F2(var)2.5 E F0
+(])A F2(format)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(guments)-.37 E F0(])A .372
+(Write the formatted)144 225.6 R F2(ar)2.872 E(guments)-.37 E F0 .372
(to the standard output under the control of the)2.872 F F2(format)2.872
E F0 5.372(.T)C(he)-5.372 E F2(format)2.872 E F0 1.804(is a character s\
tring which contains three types of objects: plain characters, which ar\
F F1(%q)144 309.6 Q F0(causes)3.631 E F1(printf)3.631 E F0 1.131
(to output the corresponding)3.631 F F2(ar)3.631 E(gument)-.37 E F0 1.13
(in a format that can be reused as shell)3.631 F(input.)144 321.6 Q(The)
-144 345.6 Q F2(format)3.423 E F0 .923
-(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.423 F F2(ar)3.423 E
+144 345.6 Q F1<ad76>2.903 E F0 .404
+(option causes the output to be assigned to the v)2.903 F(ariable)-.25 E
+F2(var)2.904 E F0 .404(rather than being printed to the)2.904 F
+(standard output.)144 357.6 Q(The)144 381.6 Q F2(format)3.424 E F0 .923
+(is reused as necessary to consume all of the)3.424 F F2(ar)3.423 E
(guments)-.37 E F0 5.923(.I)C 3.423(ft)-5.923 G(he)-3.423 E F2(format)
-3.423 E F0 .924(requires more)3.424 F F2(ar)144 357.6 Q(guments)-.37 E
-F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.534 F .033
+3.423 E F0 .923(requires more)3.423 F F2(ar)144 393.6 Q(guments)-.37 E
+F0 .033(than are supplied, the e)2.533 F .033
(xtra format speci\214cations beha)-.15 F .333 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 2.533(si)
-.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .033(alue or null string,)
--.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 369.6 Q(The return v)5 E
+.15 G 2.533(faz)-2.533 G .033(ero v)-2.533 F .034(alue or null string,)
+-.25 F(as appropriate, had been supplied.)144 405.6 Q(The return v)5 E
(alue is zero on success, non-zero on f)-.25 E(ailure.)-.1 E F1(pushd)
-108
386.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A F1
-(pushd)108
398.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .639(Adds a directory to the top of th\
-e directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 410.4 R 3.14
-(wt)-.25 G .64(op of the)-3.14 F 1.316(stack the current w)144 422.4 R
-1.316(orking directory)-.1 F 6.316(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.716 F
-1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.315(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.815(od)-.1 G
-1.315(irectories and)-3.815 F .871
-(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 434.4 R 5.871(.A)
--.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .872(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.172 -.15
-(ve t)-.2 H .872(he follo).15 F .872(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 446.4 Q
-F1(+)144 458.4 Q F2(n)A F0 1.268(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2
-(n)3.768 E F0 1.267
-(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.267(wn by)
--.25 F F1(dirs)180 470.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
-(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 482.4 Q F2(n)A F0
+108
422.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C F2(dir)-2.5 E F0(])A F1
+(pushd)108
434.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .64(Adds a directory to the top of the\
+ directory stack, or rotates the stack, making the ne)144 446.4 R 3.139
+(wt)-.25 G .639(op of the)-3.139 F 1.315(stack the current w)144 458.4 R
+1.315(orking directory)-.1 F 6.315(.W)-.65 G 1.315(ith no ar)-6.715 F
+1.315(guments, e)-.18 F 1.316(xchanges the top tw)-.15 F 3.816(od)-.1 G
+1.316(irectories and)-3.816 F .872
+(returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty)144 470.4 R 5.871(.A)
+-.65 G -.18(rg)-5.871 G .871(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.171 -.15
+(ve t)-.2 H .871(he follo).15 F .871(wing mean-)-.25 F(ings:)144 482.4 Q
+F1(+)144 494.4 Q F2(n)A F0 1.267(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2
+(n)3.767 E F0 1.268
+(th directory \(counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.268(wn by)
+-.25 F F1(dirs)180 506.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
+(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5 E F1<ad>144 518.4 Q F2(n)A F0
.92(Rotates the stack so that the)25.3 F F2(n)3.42 E F0 .92
(th directory \(counting from the right of the list sho)B .92(wn by)-.25
-F F1(dirs)180 494.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
--2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 506.4 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of dire\
+F F1(dirs)180 530.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)
+-2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 542.4 Q F0 .902(Suppresses the normal change of dire\
ctory when adding directories to the stack, so that)24.74 F
-(only the stack is manipulated.)180 518.4 Q F2(dir)144.35 530.4 Q F0
+(only the stack is manipulated.)180 554.4 Q F2(dir)144.35 566.4 Q F0
(Adds)23.98 E F2(dir)2.85 E F0
(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.23 E 2.5(wc)-.25
-G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .488(If the)144 547.2
-R F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)
-2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489
-(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04
-(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 559.2 R F2(dir)3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G
-3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.539 E F0
-1.039(returns 0 unless the directory)3.539 F .846(stack is empty)144
-571.2 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent directory stack ele\
-ment is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F
-(speci\214ed ne)144 583.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E
-(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 600 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 612 R .845
-(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
-(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
-6
24 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181
+G(urrent w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E .489(If the)144 583.2
+R F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 .489(command is successful, a)2.989 F F1(dirs)
+2.988 E F0 .488(is performed as well.)2.988 F .488
+(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F F1(pushd)2.988 E F0 1.039
+(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 595.2 R F2(dir)3.889 E F0 -.1(fa)4.269 G
+3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4 F F1(pushd)3.54 E F0
+1.04(returns 0 unless the directory)3.54 F .847(stack is empty)144 607.2
+R 3.347(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.347 E .847(xistent directory stack element i\
+s speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144
+619.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5 E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108
+636 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844
+(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 648 R .845
+(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845
+(he pathname printed contains no)-5.845 F .182(symbolic links if the)144
+6
60 R F1<ad50>2.681 E F0 .181(option is supplied or the)2.681 F F1 .181
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(Automatically mark variables and functions which ar)28.94 F 3.563(em)
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(Use an emacs-style command line editing interface.)12.23 F .412
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64 Q F2(Same as)224 276 Q F1<ad76>
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-F(ing the \214le supplied as an ar)184 672 Q 2.5(gument. This)-.18 F
-(option is enabled by default.)2.5 E F1(xpg_echo)144 684 Q F2
-(If set, the)184 696 Q F1(echo)2.5 E F2
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(builtin expands backslash-escape sequences by default.)2.5 E F0
(GNU Bash-3.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(16)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 17 17
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96 R .048(eceives a)-.18 F/F3 9/Palatino-Bold@0 SF(SIGCONT)2.548 E F2
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(test)108 132 Q/F4 10/Palatino-Italic@0 SF(expr)2.5 E F1([)108 144 Q F4
(expr)2.5 E F1(])2.5 E F2 .544(Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on t\
he evaluation of the conditional expr)6.56 F(ession)-.18 E F4(expr)3.044
-E F2(.).45 E .788(Each operator and operand must be a separate ar)144
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F3(CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS)2.5 E/F5 9/Palatino-Roman@0 SF(.)A F2(Expr)
144 186 Q .054
(essions may be combined using the following operators, listed in decr)
--.18 F .054(easing or)-.18 F .054(der of)-.18 F(pr)144 198 Q(ecedence.)
+-.18 F .055(easing or)-.18 F .055(der of)-.18 F(pr)144 198 Q(ecedence.)
-.18 E F1(!)144 210 Q F4(expr)2.5 E F2 -.78 -.9(Tr u)12.94 H 2.5(ei).9 G
(f)-2.5 E F4(expr)2.85 E F2(is false.)2.95 E F1(\()144 222 Q F4(expr)2.5
E F1(\))2.5 E F2 .847(Returns the value of)6.56 F F4(expr)3.347 E F2
(ession is false.)-.18 E 2.5(1a)144 352.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(ument).18 E
(The expr)180 364.8 Q(ession is tr)-.18 E(ue if and only if the ar)-.08
E(gument is not null.)-.18 E 2.5(2a)144 376.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments)
-.18 E .208(If the \214rst ar)180 388.8 R .208(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)
+.18 E .209(If the \214rst ar)180 388.8 R .208(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)
2.708 E F2 2.708(,t)C .208(he expr)-2.708 F .208(ession is tr)-.18 F
-.208(ue if and only if the second ar)-.08 F(gument)-.18 E 2.144
-(is null.)180 400.8 R 2.144(If the \214rst ar)7.144 F 2.144
-(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed)-.18 F 1.401
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+(is null.)180 400.8 R 2.144(If the \214rst ar)7.143 F 2.144
+(gument is one of the unary conditional operators listed)-.18 F 1.402
(above under)180 412.8 R F3 1.401(CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS)3.901 F F5(,)A
F2 1.401(the expr)3.651 F 1.401(ession is tr)-.18 F 1.401
-(ue if the unary)-.08 F 1.356(test is tr)180 424.8 R 3.856(ue. If)-.08 F
-1.356(the \214rst ar)3.856 F 1.356
-(gument is not a valid unary conditional operator)-.18 F 3.855(,t)-.74 G
-(he)-3.855 E(expr)180 436.8 Q(ession is false.)-.18 E 2.5(3a)144 448.8 S
--.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E 1.499(If the second ar)180 460.8 R 1.499
+(ue if the unary)-.08 F 1.355(test is tr)180 424.8 R 3.855(ue. If)-.08 F
+1.356(the \214rst ar)3.855 F 1.356
+(gument is not a valid unary conditional operator)-.18 F 3.856(,t)-.74 G
+(he)-3.856 E(expr)180 436.8 Q(ession is false.)-.18 E 2.5(3a)144 448.8 S
+-.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E 1.5(If the second ar)180 460.8 R 1.499
(gument is one of the binary conditional operators listed above)-.18 F
-(under)180 472.8 Q F3 .64(CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS)3.141 F F5(,)A F2 .64
+(under)180 472.8 Q F3 .64(CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS)3.14 F F5(,)A F2 .64
(the r)2.89 F .64(esult of the expr)-.18 F .64(ession is the r)-.18 F
-.64(esult of)-.18 F .528(the binary test using the \214rst and thir)180
-484.8 R 3.029(da)-.18 G -.18(rg)-3.029 G .529(uments as operands.).18 F
-.529(If the \214rst ar)5.529 F(gu-)-.18 E .107(ment is)180 496.8 R F1(!)
-2.607 E F2 2.607(,t)C .107(he value is the negation of the two-ar)-2.607
-F .106(gument test using the second and)-.18 F(thir)180 508.8 Q 4.632
-(da)-.18 G -.18(rg)-4.632 G 4.632(uments. If).18 F 2.132(the \214rst ar)
-4.632 F 2.132(gument is exactly)-.18 F F1(\()4.632 E F2 2.133
-(and the thir)4.632 F 4.633(da)-.18 G -.18(rg)-4.633 G 2.133(ument is)
-.18 F(exactly)180 520.8 Q F1(\))2.926 E F2 2.926(,t)C .426(he r)-2.926 F
+.641(esult of)-.18 F .529(the binary test using the \214rst and thir)180
+484.8 R 3.029(da)-.18 G -.18(rg)-3.029 G .528(uments as operands.).18 F
+.528(If the \214rst ar)5.528 F(gu-)-.18 E .106(ment is)180 496.8 R F1(!)
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+F .107(gument test using the second and)-.18 F(thir)180 508.8 Q 4.633
+(da)-.18 G -.18(rg)-4.633 G 4.633(uments. If).18 F 2.133(the \214rst ar)
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.426(esult is the one-ar)-.18 F .426(gument test of the second ar)-.18 F
-2.925(gument. Otherwise,)-.18 F .43(the expr)180 532.8 R .43
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(ession is false.)-.18 F(The)5.43 E F1<ad61>2.93 E F2(and)2.93 E F1
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.43(ed binary operators)-.18 F(in this case.)180 544.8 Q 2.5(4a)144
-556.8 S -.18(rg)-2.5 G(uments).18 E .669(If the \214rst ar)180 568.8 R
-.669(gument is)-.18 F F1(!)3.169 E F2 3.169(,t)C .669(he r)-3.169 F .668
-(esult is the negation of the thr)-.18 F(ee-ar)-.18 E .668(gument expr)
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+(esult is the negation of the thr)-.18 F(ee-ar)-.18 E .669(gument expr)
-.18 F(es-)-.18 E .409(sion composed of the r)180 580.8 R .409
(emaining ar)-.18 F 2.909(guments. Otherwise,)-.18 F .409(the expr)2.909
F .409(ession is parsed)-.18 F(and evaluated accor)180 592.8 Q
(ding to pr)-.18 E(ecedence using the r)-.18 E(ules listed above.)-.08 E
2.5(5o)144 604.8 S 2.5(rm)-2.5 G(or)-2.5 E 2.5(ea)-.18 G -.18(rg)-2.5 G
-(uments).18 E .782(The expr)180 616.8 R .782
-(ession is parsed and evaluated accor)-.18 F .782(ding to pr)-.18 F .781
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(ecedence using the r)-.18 F(ules)-.08 E(listed above.)180 628.8 Q F1
(times)108 645.6 Q F2 .334
(Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and for pr)
11.01 F .334(ocesses r)-.18 F .334(un fr)-.08 F .334(om the)-.18 F 2.5
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108 674.4 Q F2([)2.5 E F1(\255lp)A F2 2.5(][)C([)-2.5 E F4(ar)A(g)-.18 E
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-.153(eset to its original)-.18 F .07
+.152(eset to its original)-.18 F .069
(disposition \(the value it had upon entrance to the shell\).)144 710.4
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3.173(ec)-.18 G .673(ase insensitive and the SIG)-3.173 F(pr)144 144 Q
-.976(e\214x is optional.)-.18 F .976(If a)5.976 F F3(sigspec)3.886 E F1
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(option to the)3.178 F F2(shopt)3.178 E F1 .678
-(builtin for details of its ef)3.178 F .679(fect on the)-.18 F F2(DEBUG)
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144 204 Q F1 3.153(trap. If)3.153 F(a)3.153 E F3(sigspec)3.563 E F1(is)
3.473 E F4(ERR)3.153 E F5(,)A F1 .653(the command)2.903 F F3(ar)3.613 E
-(g)-.18 E F1 .653(is executed whenever a simple com-)3.633 F .24
-(mand has a non\255zer)144 216 R 2.74(oe)-.18 G .24
-(xit status, subject to the following conditions.)-2.74 F(The)5.241 E F4
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-(while)144 240 Q F1(or)2.551 E F2(until)2.551 E F1(keywor)2.552 E .052
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+(xit status, subject to the following conditions.)-2.741 F(The)5.24 E F4
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+(while)144 240 Q F1(or)2.552 E F2(until)2.552 E F1(keywor)2.552 E .052
(d, part of the test in an)-.18 F F3(if)2.712 E F1 .052
(statement, part of a)4.402 F F2(&&)2.552 E F1(or)2.552 E/F6 10/Symbol
-SF<efef>2.552 E F1 .052(list, or if the)2.552 F .093(command's r)144 252
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R .092(eturn value is being inverted via)-.18 F F2(!)2.592 E F1 5.092
(.T)C .092(hese ar)-5.092 F 2.592(et)-.18 G .092
-(he same conditions obeyed by)-2.592 F(the)144 264 Q F2(errexit)2.824 E
-F1 2.824(option. If)2.824 F(a)2.824 E F3(sigspec)3.234 E F1(is)3.144 E
-F4(RETURN)2.824 E F5(,)A F1 .325(the command)2.575 F F3(ar)3.285 E(g)
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(turn status is false if any).18 F F3(sigspec)144.41 312 Q F1
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.18 E(ue.)-.08 E F2(type)108 328.8 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F1(])A F3
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-144 364.8 Q F1 2.555(,o).08 G(r)-2.555 E F3(\214le)4.675 E F1(if)2.905 E
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-(tively)144 376.8 Q 6.635(.I)-1.11 G 4.135(ft)-6.635 G(he)-4.135 E F3
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+(prints a string which is one of)2.725 F F3(alias)2.726 E F1(,).06 E F3
+(keyword)2.726 E F1(,).33 E F3(function)2.726 E F1(,).08 E F3(builtin)
+144 364.8 Q F1 2.556(,o).08 G(r)-2.556 E F3(\214le)4.676 E F1(if)2.906 E
+F3(name)2.816 E F1 .056(is an alias, shell r)2.906 F .056(eserved wor)
+-.18 F .055(d, function, builtin, or disk \214le, r)-.18 F(espec-)-.18 E
+(tively)144 376.8 Q 6.634(.I)-1.11 G 4.134(ft)-6.634 G(he)-4.134 E F3
+(name)4.394 E F1 1.635
(is not found, then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is)
-4.48
5 F -.18(re)144 388.8 S 2.522(turned. If).18 F(the)2.523 E F2<ad70>
+4.48
4 F -.18(re)144 388.8 S 2.523(turned. If).18 F(the)2.523 E F2<ad70>
2.523 E F1 .023(option is used,)2.523 F F2(type)2.523 E F1 .023
(either r)2.523 F .023(eturns the name of the disk \214le that would)
-.18 F 1.086(be executed if)144 400.8 R F3(name)3.846 E F1(wer)3.936 E
3.586(es)-.18 G 1.086(peci\214ed as a command name, or nothing if)-3.586
-F/F7 10/Courier@0 SF 1.086(type -t name)3.586 F F1 .015(would not r)144
-412.8 R(eturn)-.18 E F3(\214le)2.515 E F1 5.015(.T).35 G(he)-5.015 E F2
-<ad50>2.515 E F1 .015(option for)2.515 F .015(ces a)-.18 F F4 -.666(PA)
-2.515 G(TH)-.162 E F1(sear)2.266 E .016(ch for each)-.18 F F3(name)2.516
-E F1 2.516(,e)C .016(ven if)-2.516 F F7 .016(type -t)2.516 F(name)144
+F/F7 10/Courier@0 SF 1.086(type -t name)3.586 F F1 .016(would not r)144
+412.8 R(eturn)-.18 E F3(\214le)2.516 E F1 5.016(.T).35 G(he)-5.016 E F2
+<ad50>2.516 E F1 .016(option for)2.516 F .016(ces a)-.18 F F4 -.666(PA)
+2.515 G(TH)-.162 E F1(sear)2.265 E .015(ch for each)-.18 F F3(name)2.515
+E F1 2.515(,e)C .015(ven if)-2.515 F F7 .015(type -t)2.515 F(name)144
424.8 Q F1 .645(would not r)3.145 F(eturn)-.18 E F3(\214le)3.145 E F1
5.645(.I).35 G 3.145(fac)-5.645 G .645(ommand is hashed,)-3.145 F F2
<ad70>3.145 E F1(and)3.145 E F2<ad50>3.145 E F1 .645
-(print the hashed value,)3.145 F .41
+(print the hashed value,)3.145 F .411
(not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)144 436.8 R F4 -.666
(PA)2.911 G(TH)-.162 E F5(.)A F1 .411(If the)4.911 F F2<ad61>2.911 E F1
-.411(option is used,)2.911 F F2(type)2.911 E F1 .411(prints all)2.911 F
+.411(option is used,)2.911 F F2(type)2.91 E F1 .41(prints all)2.91 F
.164(of the places that contain an executable named)144 448.8 R F3(name)
2.664 E F1 5.164(.T).35 G .164(his includes aliases and functions,)
-5.164 F .73(if and only if the)144 460.8 R F2<ad70>3.23 E F1 .73
(option is not also used.)3.23 F .73
-(The table of hashed commands is not con-)5.73 F .498(sulted when using)
+(The table of hashed commands is not con-)5.73 F .497(sulted when using)
144 472.8 R F2<ad61>2.998 E F1 5.498(.T)C(he)-5.498 E F2<ad66>2.998 E F1
.498(option suppr)2.998 F .498(esses shell function lookup, as with the)
--.18 F F2(com-)2.997 E(mand)144 484.8 Q F1(builtin.)4.557 E F2(type)
-7.057 E F1 -.18(re)4.557 G 2.057(turns tr).18 F 2.057
-(ue if any of the ar)-.08 F 2.057(guments ar)-.18 F 4.558(ef)-.18 G
-2.058(ound, false if none ar)-4.558 F(e)-.18 E(found.)144 496.8 Q F2
+-.18 F F2(com-)2.998 E(mand)144 484.8 Q F1(builtin.)4.558 E F2(type)
+7.058 E F1 -.18(re)4.558 G 2.058(turns tr).18 F 2.057
+(ue if any of the ar)-.08 F 2.057(guments ar)-.18 F 4.557(ef)-.18 G
+2.057(ound, false if none ar)-4.557 F(e)-.18 E(found.)144 496.8 Q F2
(ulimit)108 513.6 Q F1([)2.5 E F2(\255SHacd\215mnpstuv)A F1([)2.5 E F3
-(limit)A F1(]])A(Pr)144 525.6 Q .062(ovides contr)-.18 F .062
+(limit)A F1(]])A(Pr)144 525.6 Q .061(ovides contr)-.18 F .061
(ol over the r)-.18 F(esour)-.18 E .061
-(ces available to the shell and to pr)-.18 F .061
-(ocesses started by it, on)-.18 F 1.496(systems that allow such contr)
-144 537.6 R 3.99
6(ol. The)-.18 F F2<ad48>3.997 E F1(and)3.997 E F2<ad53>
-3.997 E F1 1.497(options specify that the har)3.997 F 3.997(do)-.18 G
-3.997(rs)-3.997 G(oft)-3.997 E .884(limit is set for the given r)144
+(ces available to the shell and to pr)-.18 F .062
+(ocesses started by it, on)-.18 F 1.497(systems that allow such contr)
+144 537.6 R 3.99
7(ol. The)-.18 F F2<ad48>3.997 E F1(and)3.997 E F2<ad53>
+3.997 E F1 1.496(options specify that the har)3.997 F 3.996(do)-.18 G
+3.996(rs)-3.996 G(oft)-3.996 E .884(limit is set for the given r)144
549.6 R(esour)-.18 E 3.384(ce. A)-.18 F(har)3.384 E 3.384(dl)-.18 G .884
(imit cannot be incr)-3.384 F .884(eased once it is set; a soft)-.18 F
-.088(limit may be incr)144 561.6 R .088
+.089(limit may be incr)144 561.6 R .088
(eased up to the value of the har)-.18 F 2.588(dl)-.18 G 2.588(imit. If)
--2.588 F(neither)2.589 E F2<ad48>2.589 E F1(nor)2.589 E F2<ad53>2.589 E
-F1 .089(is speci\214ed,)2.589 F .163(both the soft and har)144 573.6 R
-2.663(dl)-.18 G .163(imits ar)-2.663 F 2.663(es)-.18 G 2.663(et. The)
--2.663 F .163(value of)2.663 F F3(limit)2.803 E F1 .162
-(can be a number in the unit speci-)2.933 F .175(\214ed for the r)144
-585.6 R(esour)-.18 E .175(ce or one of the special values)-.18 F F2
-(hard)2.676 E F1(,)A F2(soft)2.676 E F1 2.676(,o)C(r)-2.676 E F2
-(unlimited)2.676 E F1 2.676(,w)C .176(hich stand for)-2.676 F .243
-(the curr)144 597.6 R .243(ent har)-.18 F 2.743(dl)-.18 G .243
-(imit, the curr)-2.743 F .243(ent soft limit, and no limit, r)-.18 F
-(espectively)-.18 E 5.242(.I)-1.11 G(f)-5.242 E F3(limit)2.882 E F1 .242
-(is omitted,)3.012 F .081(the curr)144 609.6 R .081
+-2.588 F(neither)2.588 E F2<ad48>2.588 E F1(nor)2.588 E F2<ad53>2.588 E
+F1 .088(is speci\214ed,)2.588 F .162(both the soft and har)144 573.6 R
+2.662(dl)-.18 G .162(imits ar)-2.662 F 2.662(es)-.18 G 2.663(et. The)
+-2.662 F .163(value of)2.663 F F3(limit)2.803 E F1 .163
+(can be a number in the unit speci-)2.933 F .176(\214ed for the r)144
+585.6 R(esour)-.18 E .176(ce or one of the special values)-.18 F F2
+(hard)2.676 E F1(,)A F2(soft)2.675 E F1 2.675(,o)C(r)-2.675 E F2
+(unlimited)2.675 E F1 2.675(,w)C .175(hich stand for)-2.675 F .242
+(the curr)144 597.6 R .242(ent har)-.18 F 2.742(dl)-.18 G .242
+(imit, the curr)-2.742 F .243(ent soft limit, and no limit, r)-.18 F
+(espectively)-.18 E 5.243(.I)-1.11 G(f)-5.243 E F3(limit)2.883 E F1 .243
+(is omitted,)3.013 F .082(the curr)144 609.6 R .081
(ent value of the soft limit of the r)-.18 F(esour)-.18 E .081
-(ce is printed, unless the)-.18 F F2<ad48>2.581 E F1 .082
-(option is given.)2.582 F .33(When mor)144 621.6 R 2.83(et)-.18 G .33
-(han one r)-2.83 F(esour)-.18 E .329
-(ce is speci\214ed, the limit name and unit ar)-.18 F 2.829(ep)-.18 G
-.329(rinted befor)-2.829 F 2.829(et)-.18 G(he)-2.829 E 2.5(value. Other)
-144 633.6 R(options ar)2.5 E 2.5(ei)-.18 G(nterpr)-2.5 E
-(eted as follows:)-.18 E F2<ad61>144 645.6 Q F1(All curr)24.94 E
-(ent limits ar)-.18 E 2.5(er)-.18 G(eported)-2.68 E F2<ad63>144 657.6 Q
-F1(The maximum size of cor)25.5 E 2.5<658c>-.18 G(les cr)-2.5 E(eated)
-
-.18 E F2<ad64>144 669.6 Q F1(The maximum size of a pr)23.83 E
+(ce is printed, unless the)-.18 F F2<ad48>2.581 E F1 .081
+(option is given.)2.581 F .329(When mor)144 621.6 R 2.829(et)-.18 G .329
+(han one r)-2.829 F(esour)-.18 E .329
+(ce is speci\214ed, the limit name and unit ar)-.18 F 2.83(ep)-.18 G .33
+(rinted befor)-2.83 F 2.83(et)-.18 G(he)-2.83 E 2.5(value. Other)144
+633.6 R(options ar)2.5 E 2.5(ei)-.18 G(nterpr)-2.5 E(eted as follows:)
+-.18 E F2<ad61>144 645.6 Q F1(All curr)24.94 E(ent limits ar)-.18 E 2.5
+(er)-.18 G(eported)-2.68 E F2<ad63>144 657.6 Q F1
+(The maximum size of cor)25.5 E 2.5<658c>-.18 G(les cr)-2.5 E(eated)-.18
+E F2<ad64>144 669.6 Q F1(The maximum size of a pr)23.83 E
(ocess's data segment)-.18 E F2<ad66>144 681.6 Q F1
(The maximum size of \214les cr)26.05 E(eated by the shell)-.18 E F2
<ad6c>144 693.6 Q F1(The maximum size that may be locked into memory)
(The maximum number of pr)23.83 E(ocesses available to a single user)
-.18 E F1<ad76>144 132 Q F2
(The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell)24.38 E(If)
-144 148.8 Q/F3 10/Palatino-Italic@0 SF(limit)4.151 E F2 1.511
-(is given, it is the new value of the speci\214ed r)4.281 F(esour)-.18 E
-1.51(ce \(the)-.18 F F1<ad61>4.01 E F2 1.51(option is display)4.01 F
+144 148.8 Q/F3 10/Palatino-Italic@0 SF(limit)4.15 E F2 1.51
+(is given, it is the new value of the speci\214ed r)4.28 F(esour)-.18 E
+1.511(ce \(the)-.18 F F1<ad61>4.011 E F2 1.511(option is display)4.011 F
4.315(only\). If)144 160.8 R 1.815(no option is given, then)4.315 F F1
<ad66>4.315 E F2 1.815(is assumed.)4.315 F -.92(Va)6.815 G 1.815
(lues ar).92 F 4.315(ei)-.18 G 4.315(n1)-4.315 G 1.815(024-byte incr)
--4.315 F(ements,)-.18 E .97
3(except for)144 172.8 R F1<ad74>3.473 E F2
+-4.315 F(ements,)-.18 E .97
2(except for)144 172.8 R F1<ad74>3.473 E F2
3.473(,w)C .973(hich is in seconds,)-3.473 F F1<ad70>3.473 E F2 3.473
(,w)C .973(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks, and)-3.473 F F1<ad6e>
-3.473 E F2(and)3.472 E F1<ad75>144 184.8 Q F2 3.517(,w)C 1.017(hich ar)
--3.517 F 3.517(eu)-.18 G 1.017(nscaled values.)-3.517 F 1.017(The r)
-6.017 F 1.018(eturn status is 0 unless an invalid option or ar)-.18 F
+3.473 E F2(and)3.473 E F1<ad75>144 184.8 Q F2 3.518(,w)C 1.018(hich ar)
+-3.518 F 3.518(eu)-.18 G 1.018(nscaled values.)-3.518 F 1.017(The r)
+6.018 F 1.017(eturn status is 0 unless an invalid option or ar)-.18 F
(gu-)-.18 E(ment is supplied, or an err)144 196.8 Q
(or occurs while setting a new limit.)-.18 E F1(umask)108 213.6 Q F2([)
2.5 E F1<ad70>A F2 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F2 2.5(][)C F3(mode)-2.5 E F2
-(])A .536(The user \214le-cr)144 225.6 R .536(eation mask is set to)-.18
-F F3(mode)3.035 E F2 5.535(.I).35 G(f)-5.535 E F3(mode)3.295 E F2 .535
-(begins with a digit, it is interpr)3.385 F .535(eted as)-.18 F 1.826
-(an octal number; otherwise it is interpr)144 237.6 R 1.827
-(eted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that)-.18 F .951(accepted by)
-144 249.6 R F3(chmod)3.451 E F2 3.451(\(1\). If).33 F F3(mode)3.711 E F2
-.951(is omitted, the curr)3.801 F .95(ent value of the mask is printed.)
--.18 F(The)5.95 E F1<ad53>144 261.6 Q F2 .607(option causes the mask to\
- be printed in symbolic form; the default output is an octal)3.106 F
-(number)144 273.6 Q 6.02(.I)-.74 G 3.52(ft)-6.02 G(he)-3.52 E F1<ad70>
-3.52 E F2 1.02(option is supplied, and)3.52 F F3(mode)3.78 E F2 1.02
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that)3.87 F .236(may be r)144 285.6
-R .236(eused as input.)-.18 F .236(The r)5.236 F .237
+(])A .535(The user \214le-cr)144 225.6 R .535(eation mask is set to)-.18
+F F3(mode)3.035 E F2 5.535(.I).35 G(f)-5.535 E F3(mode)3.295 E F2 .536
+(begins with a digit, it is interpr)3.385 F .536(eted as)-.18 F 1.827
+(an octal number; otherwise it is interpr)144 237.6 R 1.826
+(eted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that)-.18 F .95(accepted by)144
+249.6 R F3(chmod)3.45 E F2 3.45(\(1\). If).33 F F3(mode)3.71 E F2 .951
+(is omitted, the curr)3.8 F .951(ent value of the mask is printed.)-.18
+F(The)5.951 E F1<ad53>144 261.6 Q F2 .607(option causes the mask to be \
+printed in symbolic form; the default output is an octal)3.107 F(number)
+144 273.6 Q 6.02(.I)-.74 G 3.52(ft)-6.02 G(he)-3.52 E F1<ad70>3.52 E F2
+1.02(option is supplied, and)3.52 F F3(mode)3.78 E F2 1.02
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that)3.87 F .237(may be r)144 285.6
+R .237(eused as input.)-.18 F .237(The r)5.237 F .236
(eturn status is 0 if the mode was successfully changed or if)-.18 F(no)
144 297.6 Q F3(mode)2.5 E F2(ar)2.5 E
(gument was supplied, and false otherwise.)-.18 E F1(unalias)108 314.4 Q
-F2<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F2(...])2.5 E .719
-(Remove each)144 326.4 R F3(name)3.219 E F2(fr)3.219 E .719
+F2<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F2 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F2(...])2.5 E .718
+(Remove each)144 326.4 R F3(name)3.218 E F2(fr)3.218 E .719
(om the list of de\214ned aliases.)-.18 F(If)5.719 E F1<ad61>3.219 E F2
-.718(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions)3.218 F(ar)144 338.4 Q 2.5(er)
+.719(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions)3.219 F(ar)144 338.4 Q 2.5(er)
-.18 G 2.5(emoved. The)-2.68 F -.18(re)2.5 G(turn value is tr).18 E
(ue unless a supplied)-.08 E F3(name)2.76 E F2
(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.85 E F1(unset)108 355.2 Q F2<5bad>2.5 E F1
(fv)A F2 2.5(][)C F3(name)-2.5 E F2(...])2.5 E 1.61(For each)144 367.2 R
F3(name)4.11 E F2 4.11(,r).35 G 1.61(emove the corr)-4.29 F 1.61
(esponding variable or function.)-.18 F 1.61(If no options ar)6.61 F
-4.11(es)-.18 G(up-)-4.11 E .474(plied, or the)144 379.2 R F1<ad76>2.974
-E F2 .473(option is given, each)2.974 F F3(name)3.233 E F2 -.18(re)3.323
-G .473(fers to a shell variable.).18 F .473(Read-only variables)5.473 F
+4.11(es)-.18 G(up-)-4.11 E .473(plied, or the)144 379.2 R F1<ad76>2.973
+E F2 .473(option is given, each)2.973 F F3(name)3.233 E F2 -.18(re)3.323
+G .474(fers to a shell variable.).18 F .474(Read-only variables)5.474 F
.32(may not be unset.)144 391.2 R(If)5.32 E F1<ad66>2.82 E F2 .32
(is speci\214ed, each)2.82 F F3(name)3.08 E F2 -.18(re)3.17 G .32
(fers to a shell function, and the function).18 F .405
(de\214nition is r)144 403.2 R 2.905(emoved. Each)-.18 F .405
(unset variable or function is r)2.905 F .405(emoved fr)-.18 F .405
-(om the envir)-.18 F(onment)-.18 E 1.474(passed to subsequent commands.)
+(om the envir)-.18 F(onment)-.18 E 1.475(passed to subsequent commands.)
144 415.2 R 1.475(If any of)6.475 F/F4 9/Palatino-Bold@0 SF(RANDOM)3.975
-E/F5 9/Palatino-Roman@0 SF(,)A F4(SECONDS)3.725 E F5(,)A F4(LINENO)3.725
-E F5(,)A F4(HISTCMD)3.725 E F5(,)A F4(FUNCNAME)144 427.2 Q F5(,)A F4
-(GROUPS)2.804 E F5(,)A F2(or)2.803 E F4(DIRST)3.053 E(ACK)-.828 E F2(ar)
+E/F5 9/Palatino-Roman@0 SF(,)A F4(SECONDS)3.725 E F5(,)A F4(LINENO)3.724
+E F5(,)A F4(HISTCMD)3.724 E F5(,)A F4(FUNCNAME)144 427.2 Q F5(,)A F4
+(GROUPS)2.803 E F5(,)A F2(or)2.803 E F4(DIRST)3.053 E(ACK)-.828 E F2(ar)
2.803 E 3.053(eu)-.18 G .553(nset, they lose their special pr)-3.053 F
.553(operties, even if)-.18 F(they ar)144 439.2 Q 2.5(es)-.18 G
(ubsequently r)-2.5 E 2.5(eset. The)-.18 F(exit status is tr)2.5 E
(eturn its termination status.)-.18 F(Each)5.016 E F3(n)2.776 E F2 .016
(may be a pr)2.596 F(ocess)-.18 E 1.733
(ID or a job speci\214cation; if a job spec is given, all pr)144 480 R
-1.733(ocesses in that job's pipeline ar)-.18 F(e)-.18 E 1.014
-(waited for)144 492 R 6.014(.I)-.74 G(f)-6.014 E F3(n)3.774 E F2 1.014
-(is not given, all curr)3.594 F 1.014(ently active child pr)-.18 F 1.015
-(ocesses ar)-.18 F 3.515(ew)-.18 G 1.015(aited for)-3.515 F 3.515(,a)
--.74 G 1.015(nd the)-3.515 F -.18(re)144 504 S .694(turn status is zer)
+1.733(ocesses in that job's pipeline ar)-.18 F(e)-.18 E 1.015
+(waited for)144 492 R 6.015(.I)-.74 G(f)-6.015 E F3(n)3.775 E F2 1.015
+(is not given, all curr)3.595 F 1.014(ently active child pr)-.18 F 1.014
+(ocesses ar)-.18 F 3.514(ew)-.18 G 1.014(aited for)-3.514 F 3.514(,a)
+-.74 G 1.014(nd the)-3.514 F -.18(re)144 504 S .693(turn status is zer)
.18 F 3.193(o. If)-.18 F F3(n)3.453 E F2 .693
(speci\214es a non-existent pr)3.273 F .693(ocess or job, the r)-.18 F
-.693(eturn status is 127.)-.18 F(Otherwise, the r)144 516 Q
+.694(eturn status is 127.)-.18 F(Otherwise, the r)144 516 Q
(eturn status is the exit status of the last pr)-.18 E
(ocess or job waited for)-.18 E(.)-.74 E/F6 10.95/Palatino-Bold@0 SF
(SEE ALSO)72 532.8 Q F2(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108 544.8 Q F0(GNU Bash-3.0)
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.18.1
-%%CreationDate: Tue Feb 22 13:37:34 2005
+%%CreationDate: Tue Mar 15 17:26:56 2005
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.18 1
Copyright (C) 1988-2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Wed Feb 23 16:45:53 EST 2005
+@set LASTCHANGE Tue Mar 15 17:21:22 EST 2005
@set EDITION 3.1-devel
@set VERSION 3.1-devel
-@set UPDATED 23 February 2005
-@set UPDATED-MONTH February 2005
+@set UPDATED 15 March 2005
+@set UPDATED-MONTH March 2005
: (type)(list))
#if __GNUC__ > 1
-# define FASTCOPY(s, d, n) __builtin_memcpy (d, s, n)
+# define FASTCOPY(s, d, n) __builtin_memcpy ((d), (s), (n))
#else /* !__GNUC__ */
# if !defined (HAVE_BCOPY)
# if !defined (HAVE_MEMMOVE)
-# define FASTCOPY(s, d, n) memcpy (d, s, n)
+# define FASTCOPY(s, d, n) memcpy ((d), (s), (n))
# else
-# define FASTCOPY(s, d, n) memmove (d, s, n)
+# define FASTCOPY(s, d, n) memmove ((d), (s), (n))
# endif /* !HAVE_MEMMOVE */
# else /* HAVE_BCOPY */
-# define FASTCOPY(s, d, n) bcopy (s, d, n)
+# define FASTCOPY(s, d, n) bcopy ((s), (d), (n))
# endif /* HAVE_BCOPY */
#endif /* !__GNUC__ */
#define ROOT_PATH(x) ((x)[0] == '/' && (x)[1] == 0)
#define DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT(x) ((x)[0] == '/' && (x)[1] == '/' && (x)[2] == 0)
/* Abbreviate \W as ~ if $PWD == $HOME */
- if (c == 'W' && (((t = get_string_value ("HOME")) == 0) || STREQ (t, temp) == 0))
+ if (c == 'W' && (((t = get_string_value ("HOME")) == 0) || STREQ (t, t_string) == 0))
{
if (ROOT_PATH (t_string) == 0 && DOUBLE_SLASH_ROOT (t_string) == 0)
{
argv[1] = <^?>
argv[1] = <-^?->
ok
+argv[1] = <aaa^?bbb>
+argv[1] = <ccc^?ddd>
+argv[1] = <eee^?fff>
+argv[1] = <ggg^?hhh>
+argv[1] = <aaabbb>
+argv[1] = <cccddd>
+argv[1] = <eeefff>
+argv[1] = <ggghhh>
+argv[1] = <aaa^?bbb>
+argv[1] = <ccc^?ddd>
+argv[1] = <eee^?fff>
+argv[1] = <ggg^?hhh>
+argv[1] = <aaabbb>
+argv[1] = <cccddd>
+argv[1] = <eeefff>
+argv[1] = <ggghhh>
+argv[1] = <aaa^?bbb>
+argv[1] = <ccc^?ddd>
+argv[1] = <eee^?fff>
+argv[1] = <ggg^?hhh>
4/4) echo ok;;
*) echo CTLNUL bug: L1=$L1, L2=$L2;;
esac
+
+x=$'\177'
+recho "aaa${x}bbb"
+recho ccc"${x}"ddd
+recho eee"$x"fff
+recho ggg"$(echo $x)"hhh
+
+x=
+recho "aaa${x}bbb"
+recho ccc"${x}"ddd
+recho eee"$x"fff
+recho ggg"$(echo $x)"hhh
+
+set -- $'\177'
+recho "aaa${1}bbb"
+recho ccc"${1}"ddd
+recho eee"$1"fff
+recho ggg"$(echo $1)"hhh
+
+set -- ""
+recho "aaa${1}bbb"
+recho ccc"${1}"ddd
+recho eee"$1"fff
+recho ggg"$(echo $1)"hhh
+
+recho aaa$'\177'bbb
+recho ccc"\7f"ddd
+recho "eee\7ffff"
+recho ggg"$(echo $'\177')"hhh
--- /dev/null
+# Usage: $SHELL ifs.sh
+#
+# This script generates 6856 tests for the set(1) and read(1)
+# builtins w.r.t. IFS whitespace and non-whitespace characters.
+# Each failed test produces one line on the standard output that
+# contains the test along with the expected and actual results.
+# The last output line contains the test result counts. ordered>0
+# are the number of tests where IFS=": " produced different results
+# than IFS=" :". If a test fails the same way for IFS=": " and
+# IFS=" :" then the second output line is suppressed.
+
+TESTS=6856
+
+ksh_read=0
+echo 1 | read ksh_read
+ksh_arith=0
+eval '((ksh_arith+=1))' 2>/dev/null
+
+failed=0
+ordered=0
+passed=0
+
+split()
+{
+ i=$1 s=$2 r=$3 S='' R=''
+ for ifs in ': ' ' :'
+ do IFS=$ifs
+ set x $i
+ shift
+ IFS=' '
+ g="[$#]"
+ while :
+ do case $# in
+ 0) break ;;
+ esac
+ g="$g($1)"
+ shift
+ done
+ case $g in
+ "$s") case $ksh_arith in
+ 1) ((passed+=1)) ;;
+ *) passed=`expr $passed + 1` ;;
+ esac
+ case $S in
+ '') S=$g
+ ;;
+ "$g") ;;
+ *) case $ksh_arith in
+ 1) ((ordered+=1)) ;;
+ *) ordered=`expr $ordered + 1` ;;
+ esac
+ ;;
+ esac
+ ;;
+ "$S") case $ksh_arith in
+ 1) ((failed+=1)) ;;
+ *) failed=`expr $failed + 1` ;;
+ esac
+ ;;
+ *) case $ksh_arith in
+ 1) ((failed+=1)) ;;
+ *) failed=`expr $failed + 1` ;;
+ esac
+ case $s in
+ "$S") ;;
+ ?0*) echo "IFS=\"$ifs\"; x=\"$i\"; set x \$x; shift; echo \"[\$#]\" # expected \"$s\" got \"$g\"" ;;
+ ?1*) echo "IFS=\"$ifs\"; x=\"$i\"; set x \$x; shift; echo \"[\$#](\$1)\" # expected \"$s\" got \"$g\"" ;;
+ ?2*) echo "IFS=\"$ifs\"; x=\"$i\"; set x \$x; shift; echo \"[\$#](\$1)(\$2)\" # expected \"$s\" got \"$g\"" ;;
+ ?3*) echo "IFS=\"$ifs\"; x=\"$i\"; set x \$x; shift; echo \"[\$#](\$1)(\$2)(\$3)\" # expected \"$s\" got \"$g\"" ;;
+ *) echo TEST ERROR i="'$i'" s="'$s'" ;;
+ esac
+ case $S in
+ '') S=$g
+ ;;
+ "$g") ;;
+ *) case $ksh_arith in
+ 1) ((ordered+=1)) ;;
+ *) ordered=`expr $ordered + 1` ;;
+ esac
+ ;;
+ esac
+ esac
+ case $ksh_read in
+ 1) echo "$i" | IFS=$ifs read x y; g="($x)($y)" ;;
+ *) g=`export ifs; echo "$i" | ( IFS=$ifs; read x y; echo "($x)($y)" )` ;;
+ esac
+ case $g in
+ "$r") case $ksh_arith in
+ 1) ((passed+=1)) ;;
+ *) passed=`expr $passed + 1` ;;
+ esac
+ case $R in
+ '') R=$g
+ ;;
+ "$g") ;;
+ *) case $ksh_arith in
+ 1) ((ordered+=1)) ;;
+ *) ordered=`expr $ordered + 1` ;;
+ esac
+ ;;
+ esac
+ ;;
+ "$R") case $ksh_arith in
+ 1) ((failed+=1)) ;;
+ *) failed=`expr $failed + 1` ;;
+ esac
+ ;;
+ *) case $ksh_arith in
+ 1) ((failed+=1)) ;;
+ *) failed=`expr $failed + 1` ;;
+ esac
+ case $r in
+ "$R") ;;
+ *) echo "echo \"$i\" | ( IFS=\"$ifs\" read x y; echo \"(\$x)(\$y)\" ) # expected \"$r\" got \"$g\"" ;;
+ esac
+ case $R in
+ '') R=$g
+ ;;
+ "$g") ;;
+ *) case $ksh_arith in
+ 1) ((ordered+=1)) ;;
+ *) ordered=`expr $ordered + 1` ;;
+ esac
+ ;;
+ esac
+ ;;
+ esac
+ done
+}
+
+for str in \
+ '-' \
+ 'a' \
+ '- -' \
+ '- a' \
+ 'a -' \
+ 'a b' \
+ '- - -' \
+ '- - a' \
+ '- a -' \
+ '- a b' \
+ 'a - -' \
+ 'a - b' \
+ 'a b -' \
+ 'a b c' \
+
+do
+ IFS=' '
+ set x $str
+
+ shift
+ case $# in
+ 0) continue ;;
+ esac
+
+ f1=$1
+ case $f1 in
+ '-') f1='' ;;
+ esac
+
+ shift
+ case $# in
+ 0) for d0 in '' ' '
+ do
+ for d1 in '' ' ' ':' ' :' ': ' ' : '
+ do
+ case $f1$d1 in
+ '') split "$d0$f1$d1" "[0]" "()()" ;;
+ ' ') ;;
+ *) split "$d0$f1$d1" "[1]($f1)" "($f1)()" ;;
+ esac
+ done
+ done
+ continue
+ ;;
+ esac
+ f2=$1
+ case $f2 in
+ '-') f2='' ;;
+ esac
+
+ shift
+ case $# in
+ 0) for d0 in '' ' '
+ do
+ for d1 in ' ' ':' ' :' ': ' ' : '
+ do
+ case ' ' in
+ $f1$d1|$d1$f2) continue ;;
+ esac
+ for d2 in '' ' ' ':' ' :' ': ' ' : '
+ do
+ case $f2$d2 in
+ '') split "$d0$f1$d1$f2$d2" "[1]($f1)" "($f1)()" ;;
+ ' ') ;;
+ *) split "$d0$f1$d1$f2$d2" "[2]($f1)($f2)" "($f1)($f2)" ;;
+ esac
+ done
+ done
+ done
+ continue
+ ;;
+ esac
+ f3=$1
+ case $f3 in
+ '-') f3='' ;;
+ esac
+
+ shift
+ case $# in
+ 0) for d0 in '' ' '
+ do
+ for d1 in ':' ' :' ': ' ' : '
+ do
+ case ' ' in
+ $f1$d1|$d1$f2) continue ;;
+ esac
+ for d2 in ' ' ':' ' :' ': ' ' : '
+ do
+ case $f2$d2 in
+ ' ') continue ;;
+ esac
+ case ' ' in
+ $f2$d2|$d2$f3) continue ;;
+ esac
+ for d3 in '' ' ' ':' ' :' ': ' ' : '
+ do
+ case $f3$d3 in
+ '') split "$d0$f1$d1$f2$d2$f3$d3" "[2]($f1)($f2)" "($f1)($f2)" ;;
+ ' ') ;;
+ *) x=$f2$d2$f3$d3
+ x=${x#' '}
+ x=${x%' '}
+ split "$d0$f1$d1$f2$d2$f3$d3" "[3]($f1)($f2)($f3)" "($f1)($x)"
+ ;;
+ esac
+ done
+ done
+ done
+ done
+ continue
+ ;;
+ esac
+done
+case $ksh_arith in
+1) ((tests=passed+failed)) ;;
+*) tests=`expr $passed + $failed` ;;
+esac
+case $ordered in
+0) ordered="" ;;
+*) ordered=" ordered $ordered" ;;
+esac
+case $tests in
+$TESTS) fatal="" ;;
+*) fatal=" -- fundamental IFS error -- $TESTS tests expected"
+esac
+echo "# tests $tests passed $passed failed $failed$ordered$fatal"
printf ""
printf -- ""
+# in the future this may mean to put the output into VAR, but for
+# now it is an error
+# 2005-03-15 no longer an error
+unset var
+printf -v var "%10d" $RANDOM
+echo ${#var}
+
# this should expand escape sequences in the format string, nothing else
printf "\tone\n"
# happily ignore overflow conditions in strtol(3)
#printf "%ld\n" 4294967296
-# in the future this may mean to put the output into VAR, but for
-# now it is an error
-printf -v var "%10d" $RANDOM
-
printf "%10"
printf "ab%Mcd\n"
format='%'`printf '%0100384d' 0`'d\n'
printf $format 0
+# failures in all bash versions through bash-3.0 - undercounted characters
+unset vv
+printf " %s %s %s \n%n" ab cd ef vv
+echo "$vv"
+
# this doesn't work with printf(3) on all systems
#printf "%'s\n" foo
--- /dev/null
+LC_ALL=C
+LC_NUMERIC=C
+
+unset vv
+
+# this should expand escape sequences in the format string, nothing else
+printf -v vv "\tone\n"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# this should not cut off output after the \c
+printf -v vv "one\ctwo\n"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# and unrecognized backslash escapes should have the backslash preserverd
+printf -v vv "4\.2\n"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "no newline " ; printf "%s" "$vv" ; printf -v vv "now newline\n"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# %% -> %
+printf -v vv "%%\n"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# this was a bug caused by pre-processing the string for backslash escapes
+# before doing the `%' format processing -- all versions before bash-2.04
+printf -v vv "\045"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+echo
+printf -v vv "\045d\n"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# simple character output
+printf -v vv "%c\n" ABCD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# test simple string output
+printf -v vv "%s\n" unquoted
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# test quoted string output
+printf -v vv "%s %q\n" unquoted quoted
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%s%10q\n" unquoted quoted
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "%q\n" 'this&that'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# make sure the format string is reused to use up arguments
+printf -v vv "%d " 1 2 3 4 5
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+echo
+
+# make sure that extra format characters get null arguments
+printf -v vv "%s %d %d %d\n" onestring
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "%s %d %u %4.2f\n" onestring
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv -- "--%s %s--\n" 4.2 ''
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv -- "--%s %s--\n" 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# test %b escapes
+
+# 8 is a non-octal digit, so the `81' should be output
+printf -v vv -- "--%b--\n" '\n\081'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv -- "--%b--\n" '\t\0101'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv -- "--%b--\n" '\t\101'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# these should all display `A7'
+echo -e "\1017"
+echo -e "\x417"
+
+printf -v vv "%b\n" '\01017'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%b\n" '\1017'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%b\n" '\x417'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv -- "--%b--\n" '\"abcd\"'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv -- "--%b--\n" "\'abcd\'"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv -- "--%b--\n" 'a\\x'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv -- "--%b--\n" '\x'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+Z1=$(printf -- "%b\n" '\a\b\e\f\r\v')
+Z2=$'\a\b\e\f\r\v'
+
+if [ "$Z1" != "$Z2" ]; then
+ printf "%s" "whoops: printf -v vv %b and $'' differ" >&2
+fi
+unset Z1 Z2
+
+printf -v vv -- "--%b--\n" ''
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv -- "--%b--\n"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# the stuff following the \c should be ignored, as well as the rest
+# of the format string
+printf -v vv -- "--%b--\n" '4.2\c5.4\n'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+echo
+
+# unrecognized escape sequences should by displayed unchanged
+printf -v vv -- "--%b--\n" '4\.2'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# a bare \ should not be processed as an escape sequence
+printf -v vv -- "--%b--\n" '\'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# make sure extra arguments are ignored if the format string doesn't
+# actually use them
+printf -v vv "\n" 4.4 BSD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv " " 4.4 BSD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+echo
+
+# make sure that a fieldwidth and precision of `*' are handled right
+printf -v vv "%10.8s\n" 4.4BSD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%*.*s\n" 10 8 4.4BSD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "%10.8q\n" 4.4BSD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%*.*q\n" 10 8 4.4BSD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "%6b\n" 4.4BSD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%*b\n" 6 4.4BSD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# we handle this crap with homemade code in printf -v vv.def
+printf -v vv "%10b\n" 4.4BSD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv -- "--%-10b--\n" 4.4BSD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%4.2b\n" 4.4BSD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%.3b\n" 4.4BSD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv -- "--%-8b--\n" 4.4BSD
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# test numeric conversions -- these four lines should printf "%s" identically
+printf -v vv "%d %u %i 0%o 0x%x 0x%X\n" 255 255 255 255 255 255
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%d %u %i %#o %#x %#X\n" 255 255 255 255 255 255
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "%ld %lu %li 0%o 0x%x 0x%X\n" 255 255 255 255 255 255
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%ld %lu %li %#o %#x %#X\n" 255 255 255 255 255 255
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "%10d\n" 42
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%10d\n" -42
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "%*d\n" 10 42
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%*d\n" 10 -42
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# test some simple floating point formats
+printf -v vv "%4.2f\n" 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%#4.2f\n" 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%#4.1f\n" 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "%*.*f\n" 4 2 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%#*.*f\n" 4 2 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%#*.*f\n" 4 1 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "%E\n" 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%e\n" 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%6.1E\n" 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%6.1e\n" 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "%G\n" 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%g\n" 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%6.2G\n" 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%6.2g\n" 4.2
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# test some of the more esoteric features of POSIX.1 printf -v vv
+printf -v vv "%d\n" "'string'"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%d\n" '"string"'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "%#o\n" "'string'"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%#o\n" '"string"'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "%#x\n" "'string'"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%#X\n" '"string"'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv "%6.2f\n" "'string'"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%6.2f\n" '"string"'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# output from these two lines had better be the same
+printf -v vv -- "--%6.4s--\n" abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv -- "--%6.4b--\n" abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# and these two also
+printf -v vv -- "--%12.10s--\n" abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv -- "--%12.10b--\n" abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# tests for translating \' to ' and \\ to \
+# printf -v vv translates \' to ' in the format string...
+printf -v vv "\'abcd\'\n"
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# but not when the %b format specification is used
+printf -v vv "%b\n" \\\'abcd\\\'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# but both translate \\ to \
+printf -v vv '\\abcd\\\n'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%b\n" '\\abcd\\'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# this was reported as a bug in bash-2.03
+# these three lines should all printf "%s" `26'
+printf -v vv "%d\n" 0x1a
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%d\n" 032
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%d\n" 26
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# error messages
+
+# this should be an overflow, but error messages vary between systems
+# printf -v vv "%lu\n" 4294967296
+
+# ...but we cannot use this because some systems (SunOS4, for example),
+# happily ignore overflow conditions in strtol(3)
+#printf -v vv "%ld\n" 4294967296
+
+printf -v vv "%10"
+printf -v vv "ab%Mcd\n"
+
+# this caused an infinite loop in older versions of printf -v vv
+printf -v vv "%y" 0
+
+# these should print a warning and `0', according to POSIX.2
+printf -v vv "%d\n" GNU
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%o\n" GNU
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# failures in all bash versions through bash-2.05
+printf -v vv "%.0s" foo
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv "%.*s" 0 foo
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+printf -v vv '%.0b-%.0s\n' foo bar
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+printf -v vv '(%*b)(%*s)\n' -4 foo -4 bar
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+format='%'`printf '%0100384d' 0`'d\n'
+printf -v vv $format 0
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# failures in all bash versions through bash-3.0 - undercounted characters
+unset vv
+printf -v vv " %s %s %s \n%n" ab cd ef vvv
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+echo $vvv
+
+# this doesn't work with printf -v vv(3) on all systems
+#printf -v vv "%'s\n" foo
+
+# test cases from an austin-group list discussion
+# prints ^G as an extension
+printf -v vv '%b\n' '\7'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# prints ^G
+printf -v vv '%b\n' '\0007'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# prints NUL then 7
+printf -v vv '\0007\n'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# prints no more than two hex digits
+printf -v vv '\x07e\n'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
+
+# additional backslash escapes
+printf -v vv '\"\?\n'
+printf "%s" "$vv"
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
