doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
- document new `bind -X' option
+
+ 12/24
+ -----
+
+doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - add a couple of sentences to the description of the case modification
+ operators making it clearer that each character of parameter is
+ tested against the pattern, and that the pattern should only attempt
+ to match a single character. Suggested by Bill Gradwohl
+ <bill@ycc.com>
+
+ 12/28
+ -----
+shell.c
+ - init_noninteractive: instead of calling set_job_control(0) to
+ unconditionally turn off job control, turn on job control if
+ forced_interactive or jobs_m_flag is set
+ - shell_initialize: call initialize_job_control with jobs_m_flag as
+ argument so `bash -m script' enables job control while running the
+ script
+
+jobs.c
+ - initialize_job_control: if the `force' argument is non-zero, turn on
+ job control even if the shell is not currently interactive
+ (interactive == 0)
+
+ 12/29
+ -----
+
+flags.h
+ - new extern declaration for jobs_m_flag
+
+builtins/{cd,set}.def,doc/{bash.1,bashref.texi}
+ - added text clarifying the descriptions of cd -L and -P, suggested by
+ Padraig Brady <p@draigbrady.com>
+ - slight change to the description of `set -P' about resolving symbolic
+ links
+
+lib/readline/doc/rluser.texi
+ - Added an example to the programmable completion section: _comp_cd,
+ a completion function for cd, with additional verbiage. Text
+ includes a reference to the bash_completion project
examples/obashdb/bashdb f
examples/obashdb/bashdb.el f
examples/complete/bash_completion f
+examples/complete/cdfunc f
examples/complete/complete-examples f
examples/complete/complete.ianmac f
examples/complete/complete2.ianmac f
its value is used for DIR.
Options:
- -L force symbolic links to be followed
+ -L force symbolic links to be followed: resolve symbolic links in
+ DIR after processing instances of `..'
-P use the physical directory structure without following symbolic
- links
+ links: resolve symbolic links in DIR before processing instances
+ of `..'
-e if the -P option is supplied, and the current working directory
cannot be determined successfully, exit with a non-zero status
The default is to follow symbolic links, as if `-L' were specified.
+`..' is processed by removing the immediately previous pathname component
+back to a slash or the beginning of DIR.
Exit Status:
Returns 0 if the directory is changed, and if $PWD is set successfully when
-H Enable ! style history substitution. This flag is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
#endif /* BANG_HISTORY */
- -P If set, do not follow symbolic links when executing commands
+ -P If set, do not resolve symbolic links when executing commands
such as cd which change the current directory.
-T If set, the DEBUG trap is inherited by shell functions.
-- Assign any remaining arguments to the positional parameters.
bash - GNU Bourne-Again SHell
S\bSY\bYN\bNO\bOP\bPS\bSI\bIS\bS
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh [options] [file]
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh [options] [command_string | file]
C\bCO\bOP\bPY\bYR\bRI\bIG\bGH\bHT\bT
Bash is Copyright (C) 1989-2011 by the Free Software Foundation, Inc.
is invoked. In addition, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh interprets the following options when it
is invoked:
- -\b-c\bc _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg If the -\b-c\bc option is present, then commands are read from
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If there are arguments after the _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, they are
- assigned to the positional parameters, starting with $\b$0\b0.
+ -\b-c\bc If the -\b-c\bc option is present, then commands are read from the
+ first non-option argument _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b__\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If there are argu-
+ ments after the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b__\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, they are assigned to the
+ positional parameters, starting with $\b$0\b0.
-\b-i\bi If the -\b-i\bi option is present, the shell is _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be.
-\b-l\bl Make b\bba\bas\bsh\bh act as if it had been invoked as a login shell (see
I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
- -\b-r\br If the -\b-r\br option is present, the shell becomes _\br_\be_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
+ -\b-r\br If the -\b-r\br option is present, the shell becomes _\br_\be_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bc_\bt_\be_\bd
(see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below).
- -\b-s\bs If the -\b-s\bs option is present, or if no arguments remain after
- option processing, then commands are read from the standard
- input. This option allows the positional parameters to be
+ -\b-s\bs If the -\b-s\bs option is present, or if no arguments remain after
+ option processing, then commands are read from the standard
+ input. This option allows the positional parameters to be
set when invoking an interactive shell.
- -\b-D\bD A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $\b$ is printed
- on the standard output. These are the strings that are sub-
+ -\b-D\bD A list of all double-quoted strings preceded by $\b$ is printed
+ on the standard output. These are the strings that are sub-
ject to language translation when the current locale is not C\bC
- or P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX. This implies the -\b-n\bn option; no commands will be
+ or P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX. This implies the -\b-n\bn option; no commands will be
executed.
[\b[-\b-+\b+]\b]O\bO [\b[_\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn]\b]
- _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is one of the shell options accepted by the
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). If
+ _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is one of the shell options accepted by the
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). If
_\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is present, -\b-O\bO sets the value of that option; +\b+O\bO
- unsets it. If _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not supplied, the names and
- values of the shell options accepted by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt are printed on
- the standard output. If the invocation option is +\b+O\bO, the
- output is displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
- -\b--\b- A -\b--\b- signals the end of options and disables further option
- processing. Any arguments after the -\b--\b- are treated as file-
+ unsets it. If _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bp_\bt_\b__\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is not supplied, the names and
+ values of the shell options accepted by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt are printed on
+ the standard output. If the invocation option is +\b+O\bO, the
+ output is displayed in a format that may be reused as input.
+ -\b--\b- A -\b--\b- signals the end of options and disables further option
+ processing. Any arguments after the -\b--\b- are treated as file-
names and arguments. An argument of -\b- is equivalent to -\b--\b-.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh also interprets a number of multi-character options. These
- options must appear on the command line before the single-character
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh also interprets a number of multi-character options. These
+ options must appear on the command line before the single-character
options to be recognized.
-\b--\b-d\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bgg\bge\ber\br
Arrange for the debugger profile to be executed before the shell
- starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description
+ starts. Turns on extended debugging mode (see the description
of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below).
-\b--\b-d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-p\bpo\bo-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
- Equivalent to -\b-D\bD, but the output is in the GNU _\bg_\be_\bt_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt p\bpo\bo (por-
+ Equivalent to -\b-D\bD, but the output is in the GNU _\bg_\be_\bt_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt p\bpo\bo (por-
table object) file format.
-\b--\b-d\bdu\bum\bmp\bp-\b-s\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bgs\bs
Equivalent to -\b-D\bD.
- -\b--\b-h\bhe\bel\blp\bp Display a usage message on standard output and exit success-
+ -\b--\b-h\bhe\bel\blp\bp Display a usage message on standard output and exit success-
fully.
-\b--\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
-\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
Execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be instead of the standard personal ini-
- tialization file _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc if the shell is interactive (see
+ tialization file _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc if the shell is interactive (see
I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below).
-\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn
Equivalent to -\b-l\bl.
-\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg
- Do not use the GNU r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library to read command lines when
+ Do not use the GNU r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library to read command lines when
the shell is interactive.
-\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be
- Do not read either the system-wide startup file _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be or
- any of the personal initialization files _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be,
- _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn, or _\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads these
- files when it is invoked as a login shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ Do not read either the system-wide startup file _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be or
+ any of the personal initialization files _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be,
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn, or _\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads these
+ files when it is invoked as a login shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
below).
-\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc Do not read and execute the personal initialization file
- _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc if the shell is interactive. This option is on by
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc if the shell is interactive. This option is on by
default if the shell is invoked as s\bsh\bh.
-\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx
- Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default operation differs
+ Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default operation differs
from the POSIX standard to match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
-\b--\b-r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd
Equivalent to -\b-v\bv.
-\b--\b-v\bve\ber\brs\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- Show version information for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh on the stan-
+ Show version information for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh on the stan-
dard output and exit successfully.
A\bAR\bRG\bGU\bUM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
If arguments remain after option processing, and neither the -\b-c\bc nor the
- -\b-s\bs option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be the
- name of a file containing shell commands. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked in this
- fashion, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of the file, and the positional parame-
- ters are set to the remaining arguments. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh reads and executes com-
- mands from this file, then exits. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh's exit status is the exit sta-
- tus of the last command executed in the script. If no commands are
- executed, the exit status is 0. An attempt is first made to open the
+ -\b-s\bs option has been supplied, the first argument is assumed to be the
+ name of a file containing shell commands. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked in this
+ fashion, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of the file, and the positional parame-
+ ters are set to the remaining arguments. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh reads and executes com-
+ mands from this file, then exits. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh's exit status is the exit sta-
+ tus of the last command executed in the script. If no commands are
+ executed, the exit status is 0. An attempt is first made to open the
file in the current directory, and, if no file is found, then the shell
searches the directories in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for the script.
I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- A _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl is one whose first character of argument zero is a -\b-, or
+ A _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl is one whose first character of argument zero is a -\b-, or
one started with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option.
- An _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be shell is one started without non-option arguments and
+ An _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be shell is one started without non-option arguments and
without the -\b-c\bc option whose standard input and error are both connected
- to terminals (as determined by _\bi_\bs_\ba_\bt_\bt_\by(3)), or one started with the -\b-i\bi
- option. P\bPS\bS1\b1 is set and $\b$-\b- includes i\bi if b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, allowing
+ to terminals (as determined by _\bi_\bs_\ba_\bt_\bt_\by(3)), or one started with the -\b-i\bi
+ option. P\bPS\bS1\b1 is set and $\b$-\b- includes i\bi if b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is interactive, allowing
a shell script or a startup file to test this state.
- The following paragraphs describe how b\bba\bas\bsh\bh executes its startup files.
- If any of the files exist but cannot be read, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
- Tildes are expanded in filenames as described below under T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bn-\b-
+ The following paragraphs describe how b\bba\bas\bsh\bh executes its startup files.
+ If any of the files exist but cannot be read, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reports an error.
+ Tildes are expanded in filenames as described below under T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bn-\b-
s\bsi\bio\bon\bn in the E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN section.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-inter-
- active shell with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option, it first reads and executes com-
- mands from the file _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, if that file exists. After reading
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-inter-
+ active shell with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option, it first reads and executes com-
+ mands from the file _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, if that file exists. After reading
that file, it looks for _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn, and _\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be,
- in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that
- exists and is readable. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used when the
+ in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that
+ exists and is readable. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used when the
shell is started to inhibit this behavior.
- When a login shell exits, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads and executes commands from the
+ When a login shell exits, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads and executes commands from the
file _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt, if it exists.
- When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
- reads and executes commands from _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, if that file exists. This
- may be inhibited by using the -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option. The -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be option
- will force b\bba\bas\bsh\bh to read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be instead of
+ When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ reads and executes commands from _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, if that file exists. This
+ may be inhibited by using the -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option. The -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be option
+ will force b\bba\bas\bsh\bh to read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be instead of
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started non-interactively, to run a shell script, for
example, it looks for the variable B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV in the environment, expands
- its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as the name
- of a file to read and execute. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh behaves as if the following com-
+ its value if it appears there, and uses the expanded value as the name
+ of a file to read and execute. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh behaves as if the following com-
mand were executed:
if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" ]; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi
- but the value of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not used to search for the file-
+ but the value of the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not used to search for the file-
name.
- If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with the name s\bsh\bh, it tries to mimic the startup
- behavior of historical versions of s\bsh\bh as closely as possible, while
- conforming to the POSIX standard as well. When invoked as an interac-
- tive login shell, or a non-interactive shell with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option,
- it first attempts to read and execute commands from _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be and
- _\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, in that order. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used to
- inhibit this behavior. When invoked as an interactive shell with the
- name s\bsh\bh, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh looks for the variable E\bEN\bNV\bV, expands its value if it is
- defined, and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and
+ If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with the name s\bsh\bh, it tries to mimic the startup
+ behavior of historical versions of s\bsh\bh as closely as possible, while
+ conforming to the POSIX standard as well. When invoked as an interac-
+ tive login shell, or a non-interactive shell with the -\b--\b-l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn option,
+ it first attempts to read and execute commands from _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be and
+ _\b~_\b/_\b._\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, in that order. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bop\bpr\bro\bof\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used to
+ inhibit this behavior. When invoked as an interactive shell with the
+ name s\bsh\bh, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh looks for the variable E\bEN\bNV\bV, expands its value if it is
+ defined, and uses the expanded value as the name of a file to read and
execute. Since a shell invoked as s\bsh\bh does not attempt to read and exe-
- cute commands from any other startup files, the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be option has no
- effect. A non-interactive shell invoked with the name s\bsh\bh does not
- attempt to read any other startup files. When invoked as s\bsh\bh, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ cute commands from any other startup files, the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be option has no
+ effect. A non-interactive shell invoked with the name s\bsh\bh does not
+ attempt to read any other startup files. When invoked as s\bsh\bh, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode after the startup files are read.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, as with the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx command line
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx mode, as with the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx command line
option, it follows the POSIX standard for startup files. In this mode,
- interactive shells expand the E\bEN\bNV\bV variable and commands are read and
- executed from the file whose name is the expanded value. No other
+ interactive shells expand the E\bEN\bNV\bV variable and commands are read and
+ executed from the file whose name is the expanded value. No other
startup files are read.
B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh attempts to determine when it is being run with its standard input
connected to a network connection, as when executed by the remote shell
- daemon, usually _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd, or the secure shell daemon _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh deter-
- mines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands
- from _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, if that file exists and is readable. It will not do
- this if invoked as s\bsh\bh. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option may be used to inhibit this
- behavior, and the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used to force another file to
- be read, but _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd does not generally invoke the shell with those
+ daemon, usually _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd, or the secure shell daemon _\bs_\bs_\bh_\bd. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh deter-
+ mines it is being run in this fashion, it reads and executes commands
+ from _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc, if that file exists and is readable. It will not do
+ this if invoked as s\bsh\bh. The -\b--\b-n\bno\bor\brc\bc option may be used to inhibit this
+ behavior, and the -\b--\b-r\brc\bcf\bfi\bil\ble\be option may be used to force another file to
+ be read, but _\br_\bs_\bh_\bd does not generally invoke the shell with those
options or allow them to be specified.
If the shell is started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not supplied, no startup
files are read, shell functions are not inherited from the environment,
- the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
- appear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective user id is
- set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is supplied at invocation,
- the startup behavior is the same, but the effective user id is not
+ the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
+ appear in the environment, are ignored, and the effective user id is
+ set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is supplied at invocation,
+ the startup behavior is the same, but the effective user id is not
reset.
D\bDE\bEF\bFI\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS
- The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this docu-
+ The following definitions are used throughout the rest of this docu-
ment.
b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk A space or tab.
- w\bwo\bor\brd\bd A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the
+ w\bwo\bor\brd\bd A sequence of characters considered as a single unit by the
shell. Also known as a t\bto\bok\bke\ben\bn.
- n\bna\bam\bme\be A _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd consisting only of alphanumeric characters and under-
- scores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an under-
+ n\bna\bam\bme\be A _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd consisting only of alphanumeric characters and under-
+ scores, and beginning with an alphabetic character or an under-
score. Also referred to as an i\bid\bde\ben\bnt\bti\bif\bfi\bie\ber\br.
m\bme\bet\bta\bac\bch\bha\bar\bra\bac\bct\bte\ber\br
- A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the
+ A character that, when unquoted, separates words. One of the
following:
|\b| &\b& ;\b; (\b( )\b) <\b< >\b> s\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be t\bta\bab\bb
c\bco\bon\bnt\btr\bro\bol\bl o\bop\bpe\ber\bra\bat\bto\bor\br
R\bRE\bES\bSE\bER\bRV\bVE\bED\bD W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS
_\bR_\be_\bs_\be_\br_\bv_\be_\bd _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs are words that have a special meaning to the shell. The
following words are recognized as reserved when unquoted and either the
- first word of a simple command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR below) or the third
+ first word of a simple command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR below) or the third
word of a c\bca\bas\bse\be or f\bfo\bor\br command:
- !\b! c\bca\bas\bse\be d\bdo\bo d\bdo\bon\bne\be e\bel\bli\bif\bf e\bel\bls\bse\be e\bes\bsa\bac\bc f\bfi\bi f\bfo\bor\br f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bif\bf i\bin\bn s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt t\bth\bhe\ben\bn u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl
+ !\b! c\bca\bas\bse\be d\bdo\bo d\bdo\bon\bne\be e\bel\bli\bif\bf e\bel\bls\bse\be e\bes\bsa\bac\bc f\bfi\bi f\bfo\bor\br f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn i\bif\bf i\bin\bn s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt t\bth\bhe\ben\bn u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl
w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be {\b{ }\b} t\bti\bim\bme\be [\b[[\b[ ]\b]]\b]
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
S\bSi\bim\bmp\bpl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs
- A _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a sequence of optional variable assignments fol-
- lowed by b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a
+ A _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a sequence of optional variable assignments fol-
+ lowed by b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk-separated words and redirections, and terminated by a
_\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl _\bo_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br. The first word specifies the command to be executed,
- and is passed as argument zero. The remaining words are passed as
+ and is passed as argument zero. The remaining words are passed as
arguments to the invoked command.
- The return value of a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is its exit status, or 128+_\bn if
+ The return value of a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is its exit status, or 128+_\bn if
the command is terminated by signal _\bn.
P\bPi\bip\bpe\bel\bli\bin\bne\bes\bs
- A _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of
+ A _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be is a sequence of one or more commands separated by one of
the control operators |\b| or |\b|&\b&. The format for a pipeline is:
[t\bti\bim\bme\be [-\b-p\bp]] [ ! ] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [ [|\b|||\b|&\b&] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 ... ]
- The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a pipe to the standard
- input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2. This connection is performed before any redirec-
+ The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a pipe to the standard
+ input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2. This connection is performed before any redirec-
tions specified by the command (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). If |\b|&\b& is used,
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd's standard output and standard error are connected to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
- _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2's standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for 2\b2>\b>&\b&1\b1 |\b|.
- This implicit redirection of the standard error is performed after any
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd's standard output and standard error are connected to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ _\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2's standard input through the pipe; it is shorthand for 2\b2>\b>&\b&1\b1 |\b|.
+ This implicit redirection of the standard error is performed after any
redirections specified by the command.
The return status of a pipeline is the exit status of the last command,
- unless the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl option is enabled. If p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, the
- pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command
- to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit success-
+ unless the p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl option is enabled. If p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl is enabled, the
+ pipeline's return status is the value of the last (rightmost) command
+ to exit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands exit success-
fully. If the reserved word !\b! precedes a pipeline, the exit status of
- that pipeline is the logical negation of the exit status as described
- above. The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate
+ that pipeline is the logical negation of the exit status as described
+ above. The shell waits for all commands in the pipeline to terminate
before returning a value.
- If the t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as
- user and system time consumed by its execution are reported when the
- pipeline terminates. The -\b-p\bp option changes the output format to that
- specified by POSIX. When the shell is in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, it does not rec-
- ognize t\bti\bim\bme\be as a reserved word if the next token begins with a `-'.
- The T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable may be set to a format string that specifies
- how the timing information should be displayed; see the description of
+ If the t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word precedes a pipeline, the elapsed as well as
+ user and system time consumed by its execution are reported when the
+ pipeline terminates. The -\b-p\bp option changes the output format to that
+ specified by POSIX. When the shell is in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, it does not rec-
+ ognize t\bti\bim\bme\be as a reserved word if the next token begins with a `-'.
+ The T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable may be set to a format string that specifies
+ how the timing information should be displayed; see the description of
T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs below.
When the shell is in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, t\bti\bim\bme\be may be followed by a newline. In
- this case, the shell displays the total user and system time consumed
- by the shell and its children. The T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable may be used to
+ this case, the shell displays the total user and system time consumed
+ by the shell and its children. The T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable may be used to
specify the format of the time information.
- Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in
+ Each command in a pipeline is executed as a separate process (i.e., in
a subshell).
L\bLi\bis\bst\bts\bs
- A _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the
+ A _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by one of the
operators ;\b;, &\b&, &\b&&\b&, or |\b||\b|, and optionally terminated by one of ;\b;, &\b&, or
<\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>.
Of these list operators, &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| have equal precedence, followed by ;\b;
and &\b&, which have equal precedence.
- A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt instead of a
+ A sequence of one or more newlines may appear in a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt instead of a
semicolon to delimit commands.
- If a command is terminated by the control operator &\b&, the shell exe-
- cutes the command in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd in a subshell. The shell does not
- wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0. Commands
- separated by a ;\b; are executed sequentially; the shell waits for each
- command to terminate in turn. The return status is the exit status of
+ If a command is terminated by the control operator &\b&, the shell exe-
+ cutes the command in the _\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd in a subshell. The shell does not
+ wait for the command to finish, and the return status is 0. Commands
+ separated by a ;\b; are executed sequentially; the shell waits for each
+ command to terminate in turn. The return status is the exit status of
the last command executed.
- AND and OR lists are sequences of one of more pipelines separated by
- the &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| control operators, respectively. AND and OR lists are
+ AND and OR lists are sequences of one of more pipelines separated by
+ the &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| control operators, respectively. AND and OR lists are
executed with left associativity. An AND list has the form
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 &\b&&\b& _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if, and only if, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns an exit status
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if, and only if, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns an exit status
of zero.
An OR list has the form
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 |\b||\b| _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if and only if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns a non-zero exit
- status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b2 is executed if and only if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd_\b1 returns a non-zero exit
+ status. The return status of AND and OR lists is the exit status of
the last command executed in the list.
C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs
- A _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is one of the following. In most cases a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt in a
- command's description may be separated from the rest of the command by
- one or more newlines, and may be followed by a newline in place of a
+ A _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is one of the following. In most cases a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt in a
+ command's description may be separated from the rest of the command by
+ one or more newlines, and may be followed by a newline in place of a
semicolon.
- (_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt) _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in a subshell environment (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bU-\b-
- T\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT below). Variable assignments and builtin com-
- mands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in
- effect after the command completes. The return status is the
+ (_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt) _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in a subshell environment (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bU-\b-
+ T\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT below). Variable assignments and builtin com-
+ mands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in
+ effect after the command completes. The return status is the
exit status of _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
{ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; }
- _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is simply executed in the current shell environment. _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- must be terminated with a newline or semicolon. This is known
- as a _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. The return status is the exit status of
- _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. Note that unlike the metacharacters (\b( and )\b), {\b{ and }\b} are
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is simply executed in the current shell environment. _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
+ must be terminated with a newline or semicolon. This is known
+ as a _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. The return status is the exit status of
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt. Note that unlike the metacharacters (\b( and )\b), {\b{ and }\b} are
_\br_\be_\bs_\be_\br_\bv_\be_\bd _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs and must occur where a reserved word is permitted
- to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word break, they
- must be separated from _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt by whitespace or another shell
+ to be recognized. Since they do not cause a word break, they
+ must be separated from _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt by whitespace or another shell
metacharacter.
((_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn))
- The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is evaluated according to the rules described
- below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If the value of the expres-
- sion is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return
+ The _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is evaluated according to the rules described
+ below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. If the value of the expres-
+ sion is non-zero, the return status is 0; otherwise the return
status is 1. This is exactly equivalent to l\ble\bet\bt "\b"_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn"\b".
[\b[[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn ]\b]]\b]
- Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
- conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described below under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
- Word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the
- words between the [\b[[\b[ and ]\b]]\b]; tilde expansion, parameter and
- variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution,
- process substitution, and quote removal are performed. Condi-
+ Return a status of 0 or 1 depending on the evaluation of the
+ conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described below under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ Word splitting and pathname expansion are not performed on the
+ words between the [\b[[\b[ and ]\b]]\b]; tilde expansion, parameter and
+ variable expansion, arithmetic expansion, command substitution,
+ process substitution, and quote removal are performed. Condi-
tional operators such as -\b-f\bf must be unquoted to be recognized as
primaries.
- When used with [\b[[\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically
+ When used with [\b[[\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexicographically
using the current locale.
- When the =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b= operators are used, the string to the right
+ When the =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b= operators are used, the string to the right
of the operator is considered a pattern and matched according to
- the rules described below under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg. If the shell
- option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh is enabled, the match is performed without
- regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The return value
- is 0 if the string matches (=\b==\b=) or does not match (!\b!=\b=) the pat-
+ the rules described below under P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg. If the shell
+ option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh is enabled, the match is performed without
+ regard to the case of alphabetic characters. The return value
+ is 0 if the string matches (=\b==\b=) or does not match (!\b!=\b=) the pat-
tern, and 1 otherwise. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to
force the quoted portion to be matched as a string.
- An additional binary operator, =\b=~\b~, is available, with the same
- precedence as =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b=. When it is used, the string to the
- right of the operator is considered an extended regular expres-
+ An additional binary operator, =\b=~\b~, is available, with the same
+ precedence as =\b==\b= and !\b!=\b=. When it is used, the string to the
+ right of the operator is considered an extended regular expres-
sion and matched accordingly (as in _\br_\be_\bg_\be_\bx(3)). The return value
is 0 if the string matches the pattern, and 1 otherwise. If the
- regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
+ regular expression is syntactically incorrect, the conditional
expression's return value is 2. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
is enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of
alphabetic characters. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to
- force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. Substrings
- matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
- expression are saved in the array variable B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH. The
- element of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH with index 0 is the portion of the
- string matching the entire regular expression. The element of
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH with index _\bn is the portion of the string matching
- the _\bnth parenthesized subexpression.
-
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. Bracket
+ expressions in regular expressions must be treated carefully,
+ since normal quoting characters lose their meanings between
+ brackets. If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting
+ the variable expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched
+ as a string. Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions
+ within the regular expression are saved in the array variable
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH. The element of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH with index 0 is the
+ portion of the string matching the entire regular expression.
+ The element of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH with index _\bn is the portion of the
+ string matching the _\bnth parenthesized subexpression.
+
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence:
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. This may be used to
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. This may be used to
override the normal precedence of operators.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn
True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is false.
True if either _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b2 is true.
The &\b&&\b& and |\b||\b| operators do not evaluate _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b2 if the value
- of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 is sufficient to determine the return value of
+ of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b1 is sufficient to determine the return value of
the entire conditional expression.
f\bfo\bor\br _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [ [ i\bin\bn [ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\b._\b._\b. ] ] ; ] d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
The list of words following i\bin\bn is expanded, generating a list of
items. The variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to each element of this list in
- turn, and _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed each time. If the i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is omit-
- ted, the f\bfo\bor\br command executes _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt once for each positional
+ turn, and _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed each time. If the i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is omit-
+ ted, the f\bfo\bor\br command executes _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt once for each positional
parameter that is set (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below). The return status
- is the exit status of the last command that executes. If the
+ is the exit status of the last command that executes. If the
expansion of the items following i\bin\bn results in an empty list, no
commands are executed, and the return status is 0.
f\bfo\bor\br (( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 ; _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 ; _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b3 )) ; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
First, the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 is evaluated according to
- the rules described below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. The
- arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 is then evaluated repeatedly until
- it evaluates to zero. Each time _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 evaluates to a non-zero
- value, _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed and the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b3 is
- evaluated. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it
+ the rules described below under A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN. The
+ arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 is then evaluated repeatedly until
+ it evaluates to zero. Each time _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 evaluates to a non-zero
+ value, _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed and the arithmetic expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b3 is
+ evaluated. If any expression is omitted, it behaves as if it
evaluates to 1. The return value is the exit status of the last
command in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt that is executed, or false if any of the expres-
sions is invalid.
s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [ i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd ] ; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
The list of words following i\bin\bn is expanded, generating a list of
- items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard
- error, each preceded by a number. If the i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is omitted,
- the positional parameters are printed (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below).
- The P\bPS\bS3\b3 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the stan-
- dard input. If the line consists of a number corresponding to
- one of the displayed words, then the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to
- that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt are dis-
+ items. The set of expanded words is printed on the standard
+ error, each preceded by a number. If the i\bin\bn _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is omitted,
+ the positional parameters are printed (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below).
+ The P\bPS\bS3\b3 prompt is then displayed and a line read from the stan-
+ dard input. If the line consists of a number corresponding to
+ one of the displayed words, then the value of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to
+ that word. If the line is empty, the words and prompt are dis-
played again. If EOF is read, the command completes. Any other
- value read causes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be set to null. The line read is
- saved in the variable R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed after each
+ value read causes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be set to null. The line read is
+ saved in the variable R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed after each
selection until a b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk command is executed. The exit status of
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt is the exit status of the last command executed in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt is the exit status of the last command executed in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt,
or zero if no commands were executed.
c\bca\bas\bse\be _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd i\bin\bn [ [(] _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn [ |\b| _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn ] ... ) _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt ;; ] ... e\bes\bsa\bac\bc
A c\bca\bas\bse\be command first expands _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, and tries to match it against
each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in turn, using the same matching rules as for path-
- name expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn below). The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
- expanded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expan-
- sion, arithmetic substitution, command substitution, process
- substitution and quote removal. Each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn examined is
+ name expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn below). The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
expanded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expan-
+ sion, arithmetic substitution, command substitution, process
+ substitution and quote removal. Each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn examined is
+ expanded using tilde expansion, parameter and variable expan-
sion, arithmetic substitution, command substitution, and process
- substitution. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh is enabled, the
- match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic
- characters. When a match is found, the corresponding _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is
+ substitution. If the shell option n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh is enabled, the
+ match is performed without regard to the case of alphabetic
+ characters. When a match is found, the corresponding _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is
executed. If the ;\b;;\b; operator is used, no subsequent matches are
- attempted after the first pattern match. Using ;\b;&\b& in place of
- ;\b;;\b; causes execution to continue with the _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt associated with
- the next set of patterns. Using ;\b;;\b;&\b& in place of ;\b;;\b; causes the
- shell to test the next pattern list in the statement, if any,
+ attempted after the first pattern match. Using ;\b;&\b& in place of
+ ;\b;;\b; causes execution to continue with the _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt associated with
+ the next set of patterns. Using ;\b;;\b;&\b& in place of ;\b;;\b; causes the
+ shell to test the next pattern list in the statement, if any,
and execute any associated _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt on a successful match. The exit
status is zero if no pattern matches. Otherwise, it is the exit
status of the last command executed in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
i\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; t\bth\bhe\ben\bn _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b; [ e\bel\bli\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; t\bth\bhe\ben\bn _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; ] ... [ e\bel\bls\bse\be _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt; ] f\bfi\bi
- The i\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. If its exit status is zero, the t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
- _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. Otherwise, each e\bel\bli\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in
- turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
+ The i\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. If its exit status is zero, the t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed. Otherwise, each e\bel\bli\bif\bf _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed in
+ turn, and if its exit status is zero, the corresponding t\bth\bhe\ben\bn
_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed and the command completes. Otherwise, the e\bel\bls\bse\be
- _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit sta-
+ _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is executed, if present. The exit status is the exit sta-
tus of the last command executed, or zero if no condition tested
true.
w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b1; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b2; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b1; d\bdo\bo _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b2; d\bdo\bon\bne\be
- The w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be command continuously executes the list _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b2 as long
+ The w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be command continuously executes the list _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b2 as long
as the last command in the list _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b1 returns an exit status of
- zero. The u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl command is identical to the w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be command,
- except that the test is negated; _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b2 is executed as long as
- the last command in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b1 returns a non-zero exit status. The
- exit status of the w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be and u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl commands is the exit status
+ zero. The u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl command is identical to the w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be command,
+ except that the test is negated; _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b2 is executed as long as
+ the last command in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b1 returns a non-zero exit status. The
+ exit status of the w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be and u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl commands is the exit status
of the last command executed in _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt_\b-_\b2, or zero if none was exe-
cuted.
C\bCo\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bse\bes\bs
A _\bc_\bo_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs is a shell command preceded by the c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc reserved word. A
- coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
- had been terminated with the &\b& control operator, with a two-way pipe
+ coprocess is executed asynchronously in a subshell, as if the command
+ had been terminated with the &\b& control operator, with a two-way pipe
established between the executing shell and the coprocess.
The format for a coprocess is:
c\bco\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bc [_\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs]
- This creates a coprocess named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE. If _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is not supplied, the
+ This creates a coprocess named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE. If _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE is not supplied, the
default name is C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC. _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE must not be supplied if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is a _\bs_\bi_\bm_\b-
_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see above); otherwise, it is interpreted as the first word
- of the simple command. When the coprocess is executed, the shell cre-
- ates an array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE in the context of
+ of the simple command. When the coprocess is executed, the shell cre-
+ ates an array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) named _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE in the context of
the executing shell. The standard output of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is connected via a
- pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file
- descriptor is assigned to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[0]. The standard input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and
- that file descriptor is assigned to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[1]. This pipe is established
- before any redirections specified by the command (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
- below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell
- commands and redirections using standard word expansions. The process
- ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the
- value of the variable _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE_PID. The w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin command may be used
+ pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and that file
+ descriptor is assigned to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[0]. The standard input of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ connected via a pipe to a file descriptor in the executing shell, and
+ that file descriptor is assigned to _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE[1]. This pipe is established
+ before any redirections specified by the command (see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN
+ below). The file descriptors can be utilized as arguments to shell
+ commands and redirections using standard word expansions. The process
+ ID of the shell spawned to execute the coprocess is available as the
+ value of the variable _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE_PID. The w\bwa\bai\bit\bt builtin command may be used
to wait for the coprocess to terminate.
The return status of a coprocess is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl F\bFu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn D\bDe\bef\bfi\bin\bni\bit\bti\bio\bon\bns\bs
- A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and
- executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters.
+ A shell function is an object that is called like a simple command and
+ executes a compound command with a new set of positional parameters.
Shell functions are declared as follows:
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be () _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn]
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [()] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\br_\be_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn]
- This defines a function named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The reserved word f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
- is optional. If the f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn reserved word is supplied, the
- parentheses are optional. The _\bb_\bo_\bd_\by of the function is the com-
- pound command _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above).
- That command is usually a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt of commands between { and }, but
- may be any command listed under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ This defines a function named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The reserved word f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ is optional. If the f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn reserved word is supplied, the
+ parentheses are optional. The _\bb_\bo_\bd_\by of the function is the com-
+ pound command _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above).
+ That command is usually a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt of commands between { and }, but
+ may be any command listed under C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpo\bou\bun\bnd\bd C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bds\bs above. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed whenever _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is specified as the name
- of a simple command. When in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be may not be the
- name of one of the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bs. Any redirections
+ of a simple command. When in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be may not be the
+ name of one of the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bs. Any redirections
(see R\bRE\bED\bDI\bIR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below) specified when a function is defined are
- performed when the function is executed. The exit status of a
- function definition is zero unless a syntax error occurs or a
- readonly function with the same name already exists. When exe-
- cuted, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the
+ performed when the function is executed. The exit status of a
+ function definition is zero unless a syntax error occurs or a
+ readonly function with the same name already exists. When exe-
+ cuted, the exit status of a function is the exit status of the
last command executed in the body. (See F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below.)
C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS
In a non-interactive shell, or an interactive shell in which the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\br-\b-
- a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin is enabled (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), a word beginning with #\b# causes that word and
- all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive
- shell without the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option enabled does not allow
+ a\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin is enabled (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
+ B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), a word beginning with #\b# causes that word and
+ all remaining characters on that line to be ignored. An interactive
+ shell without the i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option enabled does not allow
comments. The i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs option is on by default in interac-
tive shells.
Q\bQU\bUO\bOT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
- _\bQ_\bu_\bo_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or
- words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment
+ _\bQ_\bu_\bo_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg is used to remove the special meaning of certain characters or
+ words to the shell. Quoting can be used to disable special treatment
for special characters, to prevent reserved words from being recognized
as such, and to prevent parameter expansion.
- Each of the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs listed above under D\bDE\bEF\bFI\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS has special
+ Each of the _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br_\bs listed above under D\bDE\bEF\bFI\bIN\bNI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS has special
meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to represent itself.
- When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
+ When the command history expansion facilities are being used (see H\bHI\bIS\bS-\b-
T\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below), the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, usually !\b!, must
be quoted to prevent history expansion.
- There are three quoting mechanisms: the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br, single
+ There are three quoting mechanisms: the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br, single
quotes, and double quotes.
- A non-quoted backslash (\\b\) is the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br. It preserves the
+ A non-quoted backslash (\\b\) is the _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be _\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br. It preserves the
literal value of the next character that follows, with the exception of
- <newline>. If a \\b\<newline> pair appears, and the backslash is not
- itself quoted, the \\b\<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that
+ <newline>. If a \\b\<newline> pair appears, and the backslash is not
+ itself quoted, the \\b\<newline> is treated as a line continuation (that
is, it is removed from the input stream and effectively ignored).
- Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of
+ Enclosing characters in single quotes preserves the literal value of
each character within the quotes. A single quote may not occur between
single quotes, even when preceded by a backslash.
- Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of
- all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $\b$, `\b`, \\b\, and,
- when history expansion is enabled, !\b!. The characters $\b$ and `\b` retain
- their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its
- special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters:
- $\b$, `\b`, "\b", \\b\, or <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>. A double quote may be quoted within double
+ Enclosing characters in double quotes preserves the literal value of
+ all characters within the quotes, with the exception of $\b$, `\b`, \\b\, and,
+ when history expansion is enabled, !\b!. The characters $\b$ and `\b` retain
+ their special meaning within double quotes. The backslash retains its
+ special meaning only when followed by one of the following characters:
+ $\b$, `\b`, "\b", \\b\, or <\b<n\bne\bew\bwl\bli\bin\bne\be>\b>. A double quote may be quoted within double
quotes by preceding it with a backslash. If enabled, history expansion
- will be performed unless an !\b! appearing in double quotes is escaped
+ will be performed unless an !\b! appearing in double quotes is escaped
using a backslash. The backslash preceding the !\b! is not removed.
- The special parameters *\b* and @\b@ have special meaning when in double
+ The special parameters *\b* and @\b@ have special meaning when in double
quotes (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS below).
Words of the form $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' are treated specially. The word expands to
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the
- ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, with backslash-escaped characters replaced as specified by the
+ ANSI C standard. Backslash escape sequences, if present, are decoded
as follows:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\\\b\ backslash
\\b\'\b' single quote
\\b\"\b" double quote
- \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (one to three digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
\\b\c\bc_\bx a control-_\bx character
- The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
+ The expanded result is single-quoted, as if the dollar sign had not
been present.
A double-quoted string preceded by a dollar sign ($\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg") will cause
- the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the
- current locale is C\bC or P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the
+ the string to be translated according to the current locale. If the
+ current locale is C\bC or P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bX, the dollar sign is ignored. If the
string is translated and replaced, the replacement is double-quoted.
P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS
- A _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an entity that stores values. It can be a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a num-
+ A _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an entity that stores values. It can be a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a num-
ber, or one of the special characters listed below under S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bm-\b-
- e\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be is a parameter denoted by a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. A variable has a
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be and zero or more _\ba_\bt_\bt_\br_\bi_\bb_\bu_\bt_\be_\bs. Attributes are assigned using the
- d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin command (see d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be below in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS).
+ e\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be is a parameter denoted by a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. A variable has a
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be and zero or more _\ba_\bt_\bt_\br_\bi_\bb_\bu_\bt_\be_\bs. Attributes are assigned using the
+ d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin command (see d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be below in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS).
A parameter is set if it has been assigned a value. The null string is
- a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
+ a valid value. Once a variable is set, it may be unset only by using
the u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
A _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be may be assigned to by a statement of the form
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=[_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be]
- If _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
- _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\bs undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bN-\b-
+ If _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is not given, the variable is assigned the null string. All
+ _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\bs undergo tilde expansion, parameter and variable expansion, com-
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote removal (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bN-\b-
S\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). If the variable has its i\bin\bnt\bte\beg\bge\ber\br attribute set, then _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be
is evaluated as an arithmetic expression even if the $((...)) expansion
- is not used (see A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn below). Word splitting is not
- performed, with the exception of "\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" as explained below under S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl
- P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment state-
- ments may also appear as arguments to the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt,
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt, r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by, and l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin commands. When in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be,
- these builtins may appear in a command after one or more instances of
+ is not used (see A\bAr\bri\bit\bth\bhm\bme\bet\bti\bic\bc E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn below). Word splitting is not
+ performed, with the exception of "\b"$\b$@\b@"\b" as explained below under S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs. Pathname expansion is not performed. Assignment state-
+ ments may also appear as arguments to the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt,
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt, r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by, and l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl builtin commands. When in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be,
+ these builtins may appear in a command after one or more instances of
the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin and retain these assignment statement properties.
- In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a
+ In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a
shell variable or array index, the += operator can be used to append to
or add to the variable's previous value. When += is applied to a vari-
- able for which the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute has been set, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is evaluated
- as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value,
+ able for which the _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br attribute has been set, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is evaluated
+ as an arithmetic expression and added to the variable's current value,
which is also evaluated. When += is applied to an array variable using
- compound assignment (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below), the variable's value is not
+ compound assignment (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below), the variable's value is not
unset (as it is when using =), and new values are appended to the array
- beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed
+ beginning at one greater than the array's maximum index (for indexed
arrays) or added as additional key-value pairs in an associative array.
- When applied to a string-valued variable, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is expanded and
+ When applied to a string-valued variable, _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is expanded and
appended to the variable's value.
P\bPo\bos\bsi\bit\bti\bio\bon\bna\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- A _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a parameter denoted by one or more digits,
+ A _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a parameter denoted by one or more digits,
other than the single digit 0. Positional parameters are assigned from
- the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using
- the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
- with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily
+ the shell's arguments when it is invoked, and may be reassigned using
+ the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command. Positional parameters may not be assigned to
+ with assignment statements. The positional parameters are temporarily
replaced when a shell function is executed (see F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS below).
- When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is
+ When a positional parameter consisting of more than a single digit is
expanded, it must be enclosed in braces (see E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below).
S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
+ The shell treats several parameters specially. These parameters may
only be referenced; assignment to them is not allowed.
- *\b* Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
- the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a sin-
+ *\b* Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
+ the expansion occurs within double quotes, it expands to a sin-
gle word with the value of each parameter separated by the first
character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. That is, "$\b$*\b*" is equiva-
lent to "$\b$1\b1_\bc$\b$2\b2_\bc.\b..\b..\b.", where _\bc is the first character of the value
- of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, the parameters are sepa-
- rated by spaces. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, the parameters are joined
+ of the I\bIF\bFS\bS variable. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is unset, the parameters are sepa-
+ rated by spaces. If I\bIF\bFS\bS is null, the parameters are joined
without intervening separators.
- @\b@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
+ @\b@ Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When
the expansion occurs within double quotes, each parameter
expands to a separate word. That is, "$\b$@\b@" is equivalent to "$\b$1\b1"
- "$\b$2\b2" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word,
- the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin-
- ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last
- parameter is joined with the last part of the original word.
- When there are no positional parameters, "$\b$@\b@" and $\b$@\b@ expand to
+ "$\b$2\b2" ... If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word,
+ the expansion of the first parameter is joined with the begin-
+ ning part of the original word, and the expansion of the last
+ parameter is joined with the last part of the original word.
+ When there are no positional parameters, "$\b$@\b@" and $\b$@\b@ expand to
nothing (i.e., they are removed).
#\b# Expands to the number of positional parameters in decimal.
- ?\b? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore-
+ ?\b? Expands to the exit status of the most recently executed fore-
ground pipeline.
- -\b- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca-
- tion, by the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, or those set by the shell
+ -\b- Expands to the current option flags as specified upon invoca-
+ tion, by the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command, or those set by the shell
itself (such as the -\b-i\bi option).
- $\b$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it
- expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub-
+ $\b$ Expands to the process ID of the shell. In a () subshell, it
+ expands to the process ID of the current shell, not the sub-
shell.
- !\b! Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed back-
+ !\b! Expands to the process ID of the most recently executed back-
ground (asynchronous) command.
- 0\b0 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set
+ 0\b0 Expands to the name of the shell or shell script. This is set
at shell initialization. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is invoked with a file of com-
- mands, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of that file. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started
- with the -\b-c\bc option, then $\b$0\b0 is set to the first argument after
- the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is
- set to the filename used to invoke b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, as given by argument
+ mands, $\b$0\b0 is set to the name of that file. If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started
+ with the -\b-c\bc option, then $\b$0\b0 is set to the first argument after
+ the string to be executed, if one is present. Otherwise, it is
+ set to the filename used to invoke b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, as given by argument
zero.
- _\b_ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke
- the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi-
- ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last
- argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to
- the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and
+ _\b_ At shell startup, set to the absolute pathname used to invoke
+ the shell or shell script being executed as passed in the envi-
+ ronment or argument list. Subsequently, expands to the last
+ argument to the previous command, after expansion. Also set to
+ the full pathname used to invoke each command executed and
placed in the environment exported to that command. When check-
- ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur-
+ ing mail, this parameter holds the name of the mail file cur-
rently being checked.
S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs
The following variables are set by the shell:
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH Expands to the full filename used to invoke this instance of
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
- the list is a valid argument for the -\b-s\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+ the list is a valid argument for the -\b-s\bs option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The options
- appearing in B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt. If
- this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
- shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
+ appearing in B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt. If
+ this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
+ shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
startup files. This variable is read-only.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHP\bPI\bID\bD
- Expands to the process ID of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh process. This
- differs from $\b$$\b$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells
+ Expands to the process ID of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh process. This
+ differs from $\b$$\b$ under certain circumstances, such as subshells
that do not require b\bba\bas\bsh\bh to be re-initialized.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS
- An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
- internal list of aliases as maintained by the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin.
+ An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
+ internal list of aliases as maintained by the a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs builtin.
Elements added to this array appear in the alias list; unsetting
- array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
+ array elements cause aliases to be removed from the alias list.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC
- An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in
+ An array variable whose values are the number of parameters in
each frame of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh execution call stack. The number
- of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or
- script executed with .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) is at the top of the stack.
- When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed
+ of parameters to the current subroutine (shell function or
+ script executed with .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) is at the top of the stack.
+ When a subroutine is executed, the number of parameters passed
is pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC. The shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC only when in
- extended debugging mode (see the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
+ extended debugging mode (see the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below)
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV
- An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur-
+ An array variable containing all of the parameters in the cur-
rent b\bba\bas\bsh\bh execution call stack. The final parameter of the last
- subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter
+ subroutine call is at the top of the stack; the first parameter
of the initial call is at the bottom. When a subroutine is exe-
- cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV. The
- shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV only when in extended debugging mode (see
- the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
+ cuted, the parameters supplied are pushed onto B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV. The
+ shell sets B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV only when in extended debugging mode (see
+ the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin
below)
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCM\bMD\bDS\bS
- An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
- internal hash table of commands as maintained by the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh
+ An associative array variable whose members correspond to the
+ internal hash table of commands as maintained by the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh
builtin. Elements added to this array appear in the hash table;
- unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed from the
+ unsetting array elements cause commands to be removed from the
hash table.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- The command currently being executed or about to be executed,
+ The command currently being executed or about to be executed,
unless the shell is executing a command as the result of a trap,
- in which case it is the command executing at the time of the
+ in which case it is the command executing at the time of the
trap.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN_\b_S\bST\bTR\bRI\bIN\bNG\bG
The command argument to the -\b-c\bc invocation option.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO
- An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source
- files where each corresponding member of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE was invoked.
+ An array variable whose members are the line numbers in source
+ files where each corresponding member of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE was invoked.
$\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is the line number in the source file
($\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b}) where $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called (or
- $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b-_\b1]\b]}\b} if referenced within another shell func-
+ $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b-_\b1]\b]}\b} if referenced within another shell func-
tion). Use L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO to obtain the current line number.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_R\bRE\bEM\bMA\bAT\bTC\bCH\bH
- An array variable whose members are assigned by the =\b=~\b~ binary
- operator to the [\b[[\b[ conditional command. The element with index
- 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular
- expression. The element with index _\bn is the portion of the
+ An array variable whose members are assigned by the =\b=~\b~ binary
+ operator to the [\b[[\b[ conditional command. The element with index
+ 0 is the portion of the string matching the entire regular
+ expression. The element with index _\bn is the portion of the
string matching the _\bnth parenthesized subexpression. This vari-
able is read-only.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE
- An array variable whose members are the source filenames where
- the corresponding shell function names in the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE array
- variable are defined. The shell function $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is
- defined in the file $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} and called from
+ An array variable whose members are the source filenames where
+ the corresponding shell function names in the F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE array
+ variable are defined. The shell function $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} is
+ defined in the file $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} and called from
$\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b}.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSU\bUB\bBS\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
- Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment
- when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini-
+ Incremented by one within each subshell or subshell environment
+ when the shell begins executing in that environment. The ini-
tial value is 0.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO
A readonly array variable whose members hold version information
- for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The values assigned to the array
+ for this instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The values assigned to the array
members are as follows:
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[0]\b] The major version number (the _\br_\be_\bl_\be_\ba_\bs_\be).
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[1]\b] The minor version number (the _\bv_\be_\br_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn).
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[0]\b] The major version number (the _\br_\be_\bl_\be_\ba_\bs_\be).
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[1]\b] The minor version number (the _\bv_\be_\br_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn).
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[2]\b] The patch level.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[3]\b] The build version.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[4]\b] The release status (e.g., _\bb_\be_\bt_\ba_\b1).
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIN\bNF\bFO\bO[\b[5]\b] The value of M\bMA\bAC\bCH\bHT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_V\bVE\bER\bRS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
+ Expands to a string describing the version of this instance of
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
- An index into $\b${\b{C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS}\b} of the word containing the current
+ An index into $\b${\b{C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS}\b} of the word containing the current
cursor position. This variable is available only in shell func-
- tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
+ tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_K\bKE\bEY\bY
The key (or final key of a key sequence) used to invoke the cur-
rent completion function.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
- The current command line. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
- grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ The current command line. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
+ grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT
- The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin-
- ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is
+ The index of the current cursor position relative to the begin-
+ ning of the current command. If the current cursor position is
at the end of the current command, the value of this variable is
- equal to $\b${\b{#\b#C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE}\b}. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
- grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ equal to $\b${\b{#\b#C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE}\b}. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
+ grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_T\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion
- attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _\bT_\bA_\bB,
- for normal completion, _\b?, for listing completions after succes-
- sive tabs, _\b!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple-
- tion, _\b@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or
- _\b%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in
- shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
- grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
+ Set to an integer value corresponding to the type of completion
+ attempted that caused a completion function to be called: _\bT_\bA_\bB,
+ for normal completion, _\b?, for listing completions after succes-
+ sive tabs, _\b!, for listing alternatives on partial word comple-
+ tion, _\b@, to list completions if the word is not unmodified, or
+ _\b%, for menu completion. This variable is available only in
+ shell functions and external commands invoked by the pro-
+ grammable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
below).
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
- The set of characters that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library treats as word
- separators when performing word completion. If C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
- is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
+ The set of characters that the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be library treats as word
+ separators when performing word completion. If C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS
+ is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
quently reset.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) consisting of the individ-
- ual words in the current command line. The line is split into
- words as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be would split it, using C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS as
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) consisting of the individ-
+ ual words in the current command line. The line is split into
+ words as r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be would split it, using C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS as
described above. This variable is available only in shell func-
- tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
+ tions invoked by the programmable completion facilities (see
P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
- C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the file
- descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess
+ C\bCO\bOP\bPR\bRO\bOC\bC An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the file
+ descriptors for output from and input to an unnamed coprocess
(see C\bCo\bop\bpr\bro\boc\bce\bes\bss\bse\bes\bs above).
D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK
An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing the current con-
- tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack
- in the order they are displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin. Assigning
+ tents of the directory stack. Directories appear in the stack
+ in the order they are displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin. Assigning
to members of this array variable may be used to modify directo-
- ries already in the stack, but the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd and p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd builtins must
+ ries already in the stack, but the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd and p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd builtins must
be used to add and remove directories. Assignment to this vari-
- able will not change the current directory. If D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK is
- unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
+ able will not change the current directory. If D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK is
+ unset, it loses its special properties, even if it is subse-
quently reset.
- E\bEU\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial-
+ E\bEU\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the effective user ID of the current user, initial-
ized at shell startup. This variable is readonly.
F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
- An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
+ An array variable containing the names of all shell functions
currently in the execution call stack. The element with index 0
is the name of any currently-executing shell function. The bot-
- tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main".
- This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
- Assignments to F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE have no effect and return an error sta-
- tus. If F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE is unset, it loses its special properties,
+ tom-most element (the one with the highest index) is "main".
+ This variable exists only when a shell function is executing.
+ Assignments to F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE have no effect and return an error sta-
+ tus. If F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE is unset, it loses its special properties,
even if it is subsequently reset.
- This variable can be used with B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE.
- Each element of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE has corresponding elements in
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE to describe the call stack. For
- instance, $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called from the file
- $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b} at line number $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b}. The
+ This variable can be used with B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE.
+ Each element of F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE has corresponding elements in
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE to describe the call stack. For
+ instance, $\b${\b{F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b} was called from the file
+ $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_S\bSO\bOU\bUR\bRC\bCE\bE[\b[_\b$_\bi_\b+_\b1]\b]}\b} at line number $\b${\b{B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO[\b[_\b$_\bi]\b]}\b}. The
c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br builtin displays the current call stack using this infor-
mation.
- G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
- current user is a member. Assignments to G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS have no effect
- and return an error status. If G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS is unset, it loses its
+ G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS An array variable containing the list of groups of which the
+ current user is a member. Assignments to G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS have no effect
+ and return an error status. If G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS is unset, it loses its
special properties, even if it is subsequently reset.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD
The history number, or index in the history list, of the current
- command. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD is unset, it loses its special properties,
+ command. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD is unset, it loses its special properties,
even if it is subsequently reset.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE
Automatically set to the name of the current host.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type
- of machine on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-
+ Automatically set to a string that uniquely describes the type
+ of machine on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-
dependent.
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a
- decimal number representing the current sequential line number
- (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
- script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO Each time this parameter is referenced, the shell substitutes a
+ decimal number representing the current sequential line number
+ (starting with 1) within a script or function. When not in a
+ script or function, the value substituted is not guaranteed to
be meaningful. If L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO is unset, it loses its special proper-
ties, even if it is subsequently reset.
M\bMA\bAC\bCH\bHT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
- type on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing, in the standard GNU _\bc_\bp_\bu_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
+ Automatically set to a string that fully describes the system
+ type on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing, in the standard GNU _\bc_\bp_\bu_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bn_\by_\b-_\bs_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm format. The default is system-dependent.
M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the text
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) created to hold the text
read by the m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be builtin when no variable name is supplied.
O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD The previous working directory as set by the c\bcd\bd command.
- O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG The value of the last option argument processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG The value of the last option argument processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD The index of the next argument to be processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD The index of the next argument to be processed by the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOS\bST\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys-
- tem on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-depen-
+ O\bOS\bST\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE Automatically set to a string that describes the operating sys-
+ tem on which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing. The default is system-depen-
dent.
P\bPI\bIP\bPE\bES\bST\bTA\bAT\bTU\bUS\bS
- An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing a list of exit
- status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed
+ An array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs below) containing a list of exit
+ status values from the processes in the most-recently-executed
foreground pipeline (which may contain only a single command).
- P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read-
+ P\bPP\bPI\bID\bD The process ID of the shell's parent. This variable is read-
only.
P\bPW\bWD\bD The current working directory as set by the c\bcd\bd command.
R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM Each time this parameter is referenced, a random integer between
0 and 32767 is generated. The sequence of random numbers may be
initialized by assigning a value to R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM. If R\bRA\bAN\bND\bDO\bOM\bM is unset,
- it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
+ it loses its special properties, even if it is subsequently
reset.
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
The contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer, for use with "bind -x"
R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT
The position of the insertion point in the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer,
for use with "bind -x" (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY Set to the line of input read by the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin command when
+ R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY Set to the line of input read by the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin command when
no arguments are supplied.
S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS
- Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds
- since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to
- S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the
- number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
+ Each time this parameter is referenced, the number of seconds
+ since shell invocation is returned. If a value is assigned to
+ S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, the value returned upon subsequent references is the
+ number of seconds since the assignment plus the value assigned.
If S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS is unset, it loses its special properties, even if it
is subsequently reset.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS
- A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
- the list is a valid argument for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ A colon-separated list of enabled shell options. Each word in
+ the list is a valid argument for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). The options
- appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
- this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
- shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
+ appearing in S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS are those reported as _\bo_\bn by s\bse\bet\bt -\b-o\bo. If
+ this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts up, each
+ shell option in the list will be enabled before reading any
startup files. This variable is read-only.
S\bSH\bHL\bLV\bVL\bL Incremented by one each time an instance of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started.
U\bUI\bID\bD Expands to the user ID of the current user, initialized at shell
startup. This variable is readonly.
- The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
+ The following variables are used by the shell. In some cases, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh
assigns a default value to a variable; these cases are noted below.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV
- If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
- its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
+ If this parameter is set when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is executing a shell script,
+ its value is interpreted as a filename containing commands to
initialize the shell, as in _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc. The value of B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV is
- subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and
- arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename.
+ subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and
+ arithmetic expansion before being interpreted as a filename.
P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used to search for the resultant filename.
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD
- If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will write the trace output generated when _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bx is
- enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed
- when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace
- output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting
+ If set to an integer corresponding to a valid file descriptor,
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will write the trace output generated when _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bx is
+ enabled to that file descriptor. The file descriptor is closed
+ when B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD is unset or assigned a new value. Unsetting
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD or assigning it the empty string causes the trace
+ output to be sent to the standard error. Note that setting
B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_X\bXT\bTR\bRA\bAC\bCE\bEF\bFD\bD to 2 (the standard error file descriptor) and then
unsetting it will result in the standard error being closed.
- C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
- list of directories in which the shell looks for destination
- directories specified by the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
+ C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for the c\bcd\bd command. This is a colon-separated
+ list of directories in which the shell looks for destination
+ directories specified by the c\bcd\bd command. A sample value is
".:~:/usr".
C\bCO\bOL\bLU\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS
- Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the terminal
- width when printing selection lists. Automatically set in an
+ Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the terminal
+ width when printing selection lists. Automatically set in an
interactive shell upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
An array variable from which b\bba\bas\bsh\bh reads the possible completions
- generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
- pletion facility (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below).
+ generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable com-
+ pletion facility (see P\bPr\bro\bog\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn below). Each
+ array element contains one possible completion.
E\bEM\bMA\bAC\bCS\bS If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh finds this variable in the environment when the shell
starts with value "t", it assumes that the shell is running in
an Emacs shell buffer and disables line editing.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When
this variable is assigned a value, the history file is trun-
- cated, if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain
- no more than that number of lines. The default value is 500.
- The history file is also truncated to this size after writing it
- when an interactive shell exits.
+ cated, if necessary, to contain no more than that number of
+ lines by removing the oldest entries. The history file is also
+ truncated to this size after writing it when an interactive
+ shell exits. If the value is 0, the history file is truncated
+ to zero size. Non-numeric values and numeric values less than
+ zero inhibit truncation. The shell sets the default value to
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE after reading any startup files.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE
- A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
- lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
- anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com-
- plete line (no implicit `*\b*' is appended). Each pattern is
- tested against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bN-\b-
- T\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern
+ A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
+ lines should be saved on the history list. Each pattern is
+ anchored at the beginning of the line and must match the com-
+ plete line (no implicit `*\b*' is appended). Each pattern is
+ tested against the line after the checks specified by H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bN-\b-
+ T\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL are applied. In addition to the normal shell pattern
matching characters, `&\b&' matches the previous history line. `&\b&'
- may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed
+ may be escaped using a backslash; the backslash is removed
before attempting a match. The second and subsequent lines of a
multi-line compound command are not tested, and are added to the
history regardless of the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE
- The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
- H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). The default value is 500.
+ The number of commands to remember in the command history (see
+ H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY below). If the value is 0, commands are not saved in
+ the history list. Numeric values less than zero result in every
+ command being saved on the history list (there is no limit).
+ The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any
+ startup files.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
+ If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to print the time stamp associated
- with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
- this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history
- file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
- the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
+ with each history entry displayed by the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin. If
+ this variable is set, time stamps are written to the history
+ file so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
+ the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from
other history lines.
H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE The home directory of the current user; the default argument for
the c\bcd\bd builtin command. The value of this variable is also used
when performing tilde expansion.
H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE
- Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
+ Contains the name of a file in the same format as _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs
that should be read when the shell needs to complete a hostname.
- The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
- the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is
- attempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
- the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
- no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
- read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
+ The list of possible hostname completions may be changed while
+ the shell is running; the next time hostname completion is
+ attempted after the value is changed, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh adds the contents of
+ the new file to the existing list. If H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is set, but has
+ no value, or does not name a readable file, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to
+ read _\b/_\be_\bt_\bc_\b/_\bh_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs to obtain the list of possible hostname comple-
tions. When H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, the hostname list is cleared.
- I\bIF\bFS\bS The _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd _\bS_\be_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br that is used for word splitting
- after expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS The _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bF_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd _\bS_\be_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br that is used for word splitting
+ after expansion and to split lines into words with the r\bre\bea\bad\bd
builtin command. The default value is ``<space><tab><new-
line>''.
I\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bEE\bEO\bOF\bF
Controls the action of an interactive shell on receipt of an E\bEO\bOF\bF
character as the sole input. If set, the value is the number of
- consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
- characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
- exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
- default value is 10. If it does not exist, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the
+ consecutive E\bEO\bOF\bF characters which must be typed as the first
+ characters on an input line before b\bba\bas\bsh\bh exits. If the variable
+ exists but does not have a numeric value, or has no value, the
+ default value is 10. If it does not exist, E\bEO\bOF\bF signifies the
end of input to the shell.
I\bIN\bNP\bPU\bUT\bTR\bRC\bC
- The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the
+ The filename for the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be startup file, overriding the
default of _\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE below).
- L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
+ L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG Used to determine the locale category for any category not
specifically selected with a variable starting with L\bLC\bC_\b_.
- L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
+ L\bLC\bC_\b_A\bAL\bLL\bL This variable overrides the value of L\bLA\bAN\bNG\bG and any other L\bLC\bC_\b_
variable specifying a locale category.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCO\bOL\bLL\bLA\bAT\bTE\bE
- This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
- the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
- of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating
+ This variable determines the collation order used when sorting
+ the results of pathname expansion, and determines the behavior
+ of range expressions, equivalence classes, and collating
sequences within pathname expansion and pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_C\bCT\bTY\bYP\bPE\bE
- This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
- the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
+ This variable determines the interpretation of characters and
+ the behavior of character classes within pathname expansion and
pattern matching.
L\bLC\bC_\b_M\bME\bES\bSS\bSA\bAG\bGE\bES\bS
- This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
+ This variable determines the locale used to translate double-
quoted strings preceded by a $\b$.
L\bLC\bC_\b_N\bNU\bUM\bME\bER\bRI\bIC\bC
- This variable determines the locale category used for number
+ This variable determines the locale category used for number
formatting.
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
- length for printing selection lists. Automatically set by an
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS Used by the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt compound command to determine the column
+ length for printing selection lists. Automatically set by an
interactive shell upon receipt of a S\bSI\bIG\bGW\bWI\bIN\bNC\bCH\bH.
- M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the
- M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the
- arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc-
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bL If this parameter is set to a file or directory name and the
+ M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh informs the user of the
+ arrival of mail in the specified file or Maildir-format direc-
tory.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLC\bCH\bHE\bEC\bCK\bK
- Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The
- default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
- shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
- variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
+ Specifies how often (in seconds) b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks for mail. The
+ default is 60 seconds. When it is time to check for mail, the
+ shell does so before displaying the primary prompt. If this
+ variable is unset, or set to a value that is not a number
greater than or equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
A colon-separated list of filenames to be checked for mail. The
message to be printed when mail arrives in a particular file may
- be specified by separating the filename from the message with a
- `?'. When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to the
+ be specified by separating the filename from the message with a
+ `?'. When used in the text of the message, $\b$_\b_ expands to the
name of the current mailfile. Example:
M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH='/var/mail/bfox?"You have mail":~/shell-mail?"$_ has
mail!"'
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca-
- tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh supplies a default value for this variable, but the loca-
+ tion of the user mail files that it uses is system dependent
(e.g., /var/mail/$\b$U\bUS\bSE\bER\bR).
O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR If set to the value 1, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays error messages generated by
- the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
- O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
+ the g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs builtin command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
+ O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is initialized to 1 each time the shell is invoked or a
shell script is executed.
- P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
- directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
- E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
+ P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH The search path for commands. It is a colon-separated list of
+ directories in which the shell looks for commands (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
+ E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). A zero-length (null) directory name in the
value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH indicates the current directory. A null directory
- name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
- trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
- set by the administrator who installs b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. A common value is
+ name may appear as two adjacent colons, or as an initial or
+ trailing colon. The default path is system-dependent, and is
+ set by the administrator who installs b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. A common value is
``/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin''.
P\bPO\bOS\bSI\bIX\bXL\bLY\bY_\b_C\bCO\bOR\bRR\bRE\bEC\bCT\bT
- If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
- shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
- the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
- while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
+ If this variable is in the environment when b\bba\bas\bsh\bh starts, the
+ shell enters _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be before reading the startup files, as if
+ the -\b--\b-p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx invocation option had been supplied. If it is set
+ while the shell is running, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh enables _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, as if the
command _\bs_\be_\bt _\b-_\bo _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx had been executed.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD
If set, the value is executed as a command prior to issuing each
primary prompt.
P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bT_\b_D\bDI\bIR\bRT\bTR\bRI\bIM\bM
- If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
+ If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the
number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding
- the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
+ the \\b\w\bw and \\b\W\bW prompt string escapes (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below).
Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.
- P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
- and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
+ P\bPS\bS1\b1 The value of this parameter is expanded (see P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG below)
+ and used as the primary prompt string. The default value is
``\\b\s\bs-\b-\\b\v\bv\\b\$\b$ ''.
- P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
+ P\bPS\bS2\b2 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and used as
the secondary prompt string. The default is ``>\b> ''.
P\bPS\bS3\b3 The value of this parameter is used as the prompt for the s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt
command (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above).
- P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
- value is printed before each command b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays during an
- execution trace. The first character of P\bPS\bS4\b4 is replicated mul-
- tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi-
+ P\bPS\bS4\b4 The value of this parameter is expanded as with P\bPS\bS1\b1 and the
+ value is printed before each command b\bba\bas\bsh\bh displays during an
+ execution trace. The first character of P\bPS\bS4\b4 is replicated mul-
+ tiple times, as necessary, to indicate multiple levels of indi-
rection. The default is ``+\b+ ''.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL The full pathname to the shell is kept in this environment vari-
- able. If it is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to
+ able. If it is not set when the shell starts, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh assigns to
it the full pathname of the current user's login shell.
T\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT
- The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
- ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
- t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
- duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
- other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
+ The value of this parameter is used as a format string specify-
+ ing how the timing information for pipelines prefixed with the
+ t\bti\bim\bme\be reserved word should be displayed. The %\b% character intro-
+ duces an escape sequence that is expanded to a time value or
+ other information. The escape sequences and their meanings are
as follows; the braces denote optional portions.
%\b%%\b% A literal %\b%.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]R\bR The elapsed time in seconds.
%\b%[\b[_\bp]\b][\b[l\bl]\b]S\bS The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.
%\b%P\bP The CPU percentage, computed as (%U + %S) / %R.
- The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
+ The optional _\bp is a digit specifying the _\bp_\br_\be_\bc_\bi_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, the number
of fractional digits after a decimal point. A value of 0 causes
no decimal point or fraction to be output. At most three places
- after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
- than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
+ after the decimal point may be specified; values of _\bp greater
+ than 3 are changed to 3. If _\bp is not specified, the value 3 is
used.
- The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
- the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
+ The optional l\bl specifies a longer format, including minutes, of
+ the form _\bM_\bMm_\bS_\bS._\bF_\bFs. The value of _\bp determines whether or not
the fraction is included.
- If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
- $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null, no
- timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added
+ If this variable is not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh acts as if it had the value
+ $\b$'\b'\\b\n\bnr\bre\bea\bal\bl\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blR\bR\\b\n\bnu\bus\bse\ber\br\\b\t\bt%\b%3\b3l\blU\bU\\b\n\bns\bsy\bys\bs%\b%3\b3l\blS\bS'\b'. If the value is null, no
+ timing information is displayed. A trailing newline is added
when the format string is displayed.
- T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT is treated as the
+ T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT If set to a value greater than zero, T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT is treated as the
default timeout for the r\bre\bea\bad\bd builtin. The s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command termi-
nates if input does not arrive after T\bTM\bMO\bOU\bUT\bT seconds when input is
- coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is
- interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after
- issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting for
+ coming from a terminal. In an interactive shell, the value is
+ interpreted as the number of seconds to wait for input after
+ issuing the primary prompt. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh terminates after waiting for
that number of seconds if input does not arrive.
- T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
+ T\bTM\bMP\bPD\bDI\bIR\bR If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh uses its value as the name of a directory in which
b\bba\bas\bsh\bh creates temporary files for the shell's use.
a\bau\but\bto\bo_\b_r\bre\bes\bsu\bum\bme\be
This variable controls how the shell interacts with the user and
- job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com-
+ job control. If this variable is set, single word simple com-
mands without redirections are treated as candidates for resump-
tion of an existing stopped job. There is no ambiguity allowed;
- if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed,
- the job most recently accessed is selected. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a
- stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
- it. If set to the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the string supplied must match
- the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the
- string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
- stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value provides functionality analo-
- gous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set
- to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a
+ if there is more than one job beginning with the string typed,
+ the job most recently accessed is selected. The _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be of a
+ stopped job, in this context, is the command line used to start
+ it. If set to the value _\be_\bx_\ba_\bc_\bt, the string supplied must match
+ the name of a stopped job exactly; if set to _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg, the
+ string supplied needs to match a substring of the name of a
+ stopped job. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg value provides functionality analo-
+ gous to the %\b%?\b? job identifier (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL below). If set
+ to any other value, the supplied string must be a prefix of a
stopped job's name; this provides functionality analogous to the
%\b%_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg job identifier.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs
- The two or three characters which control history expansion and
+ The two or three characters which control history expansion and
tokenization (see H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN below). The first character
- is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
- the start of a history expansion, normally `!\b!'. The second
- character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
- shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
- tuting one string for another in the command. The default is
- `^\b^'. The optional third character is the character which indi-
- cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
- the first character of a word, normally `#\b#'. The history com-
+ is the _\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn character, the character which signals
+ the start of a history expansion, normally `!\b!'. The second
+ character is the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bc_\bk _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn character, which is used as
+ shorthand for re-running the previous command entered, substi-
+ tuting one string for another in the command. The default is
+ `^\b^'. The optional third character is the character which indi-
+ cates that the remainder of the line is a comment when found as
+ the first character of a word, normally `#\b#'. The history com-
ment character causes history substitution to be skipped for the
- remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the
+ remaining words on the line. It does not necessarily cause the
shell parser to treat the rest of the line as a comment.
A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
- Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
- explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
- an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
- tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
- arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh provides one-dimensional indexed and associative array variables.
+ Any variable may be used as an indexed array; the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin will
+ explicitly declare an array. There is no maximum limit on the size of
+ an array, nor any requirement that members be indexed or assigned con-
+ tiguously. Indexed arrays are referenced using integers (including
+ arithmetic expressions) and are zero-based; associative arrays are
referenced using arbitrary strings.
- An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
+ An indexed array is created automatically if any variable is assigned
to using the syntax _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is treated as
an arithmetic expression that must evaluate to a number. To explicitly
- declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ declare an indexed array, use d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]\b] is also accepted; the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is ignored.
Associative arrays are created using d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be -\b-A\bA _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
Attributes may be specified for an array variable using the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins. Each attribute applies to all members of an array.
- Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
- _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1 ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but
+ Arrays are assigned to using compound assignments of the form
+ _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=(\b(value_\b1 ... value_\bn)\b), where each _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is of the form [_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Indexed array assignments do not require anything but
_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. When assigning to indexed arrays, if the optional brackets and
- subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index
- of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement
+ subscript are supplied, that index is assigned to; otherwise the index
+ of the element assigned is the last index assigned to by the statement
plus one. Indexing starts at zero.
When assigning to an associative array, the subscript is required.
- This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
- elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax
+ This syntax is also accepted by the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin. Individual array
+ elements may be assigned to using the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be syntax
introduced above.
- Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}.
+ Any element of an array may be referenced using ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}.
The braces are required to avoid conflicts with pathname expansion. If
- _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. These
- subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
+ _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is @\b@ or *\b*, the word expands to all members of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. These
+ subscripts differ only when the word appears within double quotes. If
the word is double-quoted, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[*]} expands to a single word with the
- value of each array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ value of each array member separated by the first character of the I\bIF\bFS\bS
special variable, and ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands each element of _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to a sep-
- arate word. When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to
- nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the
- expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of
- the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
- with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the
- expansion of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
- above). ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
- _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, the expansion is the number of ele-
- ments in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript
- is equivalent to referencing the array with a subscript of 0. If the
+ arate word. When there are no array members, ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[@]} expands to
+ nothing. If the double-quoted expansion occurs within a word, the
+ expansion of the first parameter is joined with the beginning part of
+ the original word, and the expansion of the last parameter is joined
+ with the last part of the original word. This is analogous to the
+ expansion of the special parameters *\b* and @\b@ (see S\bSp\bpe\bec\bci\bia\bal\bl P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\brs\bs
+ above). ${#_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]} expands to the length of ${_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\b-
+ _\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]}. If _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b* or @\b@, the expansion is the number of ele-
+ ments in the array. Referencing an array variable without a subscript
+ is equivalent to referencing the array with a subscript of 0. If the
_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt used to reference an element of an indexed array evaluates to
- a number less than zero, it is used as an offset from one greater than
- the array's maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to the last ele-
+ a number less than zero, it is used as an offset from one greater than
+ the array's maximum index (so a subcript of -1 refers to the last ele-
ment of the array).
- An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
+ An array variable is considered set if a subscript has been assigned a
value. The null string is a valid value.
- The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin is used to destroy arrays. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]
- destroys the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. Care must be taken to
- avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
- where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, or u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt], where _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b*
+ The u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt builtin is used to destroy arrays. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt]
+ destroys the array element at index _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. Care must be taken to
+ avoid unwanted side effects caused by pathname expansion. u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ where _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array, or u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt], where _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt is *\b*
or @\b@, removes the entire array.
- The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
- specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative
- array. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
- builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
+ The d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by builtins each accept a -\b-a\ba option to
+ specify an indexed array and a -\b-A\bA option to specify an associative
+ array. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. The r\bre\bea\bad\bd
+ builtin accepts a -\b-a\ba option to assign a list of words read from the
standard input to an array. The s\bse\bet\bt and d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtins display array
values in a way that allows them to be reused as assignments.
E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
Expansion is performed on the command line after it has been split into
- words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
- _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
+ words. There are seven kinds of expansion performed: _\bb_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn,
+ _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\ba_\br_\bi_\bt_\bh_\bm_\be_\bt_\bi_\bc _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd _\bs_\bp_\bl_\bi_\bt_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg, and _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn.
- The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame-
- ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done
+ The order of expansions is: brace expansion, tilde expansion, parame-
+ ter, variable and arithmetic expansion and command substitution (done
in a left-to-right fashion), word splitting, and pathname expansion.
On systems that can support it, there is an additional expansion avail-
able: _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn.
Only brace expansion, word splitting, and pathname expansion can change
- the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single
- word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions
+ the number of words of the expansion; other expansions expand a single
+ word to a single word. The only exceptions to this are the expansions
of "$\b$@\b@" and "$\b${\b{_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[\b[@\b@]\b]}\b}" as explained above (see P\bPA\bAR\bRA\bAM\bME\bET\bTE\bER\bRS\bS).
B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
_\bB_\br_\ba_\bc_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be gener-
- ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
+ ated. This mechanism is similar to _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn, but the file-
names generated need not exist. Patterns to be brace expanded take the
form of an optional _\bp_\br_\be_\ba_\bm_\bb_\bl_\be, followed by either a series of comma-sep-
- arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
- lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
+ arated strings or a sequence expression between a pair of braces, fol-
+ lowed by an optional _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt. The preamble is prefixed to each
string contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended
to each resulting string, expanding left to right.
- Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
- are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
+ Brace expansions may be nested. The results of each expanded string
+ are not sorted; left to right order is preserved. For example,
a{\b{d,c,b}\b}e expands into `ade ace abe'.
- A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
- either integers or single characters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment,
- is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to
- each number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre-
- fixed with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx
- or _\by begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated
- terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces-
- sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each
+ A sequence expression takes the form {\b{_\bx.\b..\b._\by[\b[.\b..\b._\bi_\bn_\bc_\br]\b]}\b}, where _\bx and _\by are
+ either integers or single characters, and _\bi_\bn_\bc_\br, an optional increment,
+ is an integer. When integers are supplied, the expression expands to
+ each number between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Supplied integers may be pre-
+ fixed with _\b0 to force each term to have the same width. When either _\bx
+ or _\by begins with a zero, the shell attempts to force all generated
+ terms to contain the same number of digits, zero-padding where neces-
+ sary. When characters are supplied, the expression expands to each
character lexicographically between _\bx and _\by, inclusive. Note that both
- _\bx and _\by must be of the same type. When the increment is supplied, it
- is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is
+ _\bx and _\by must be of the same type. When the increment is supplied, it
+ is used as the difference between each term. The default increment is
1 or -1 as appropriate.
Brace expansion is performed before any other expansions, and any char-
- acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
- strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
+ acters special to other expansions are preserved in the result. It is
+ strictly textual. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh does not apply any syntactic interpretation to
the context of the expansion or the text between the braces.
- A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
- closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence
- expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
+ A correctly-formed brace expansion must contain unquoted opening and
+ closing braces, and at least one unquoted comma or a valid sequence
+ expression. Any incorrectly formed brace expansion is left unchanged.
A {\b{ or ,\b, may be quoted with a backslash to prevent its being considered
- part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
+ part of a brace expression. To avoid conflicts with parameter expan-
sion, the string $\b${\b{ is not considered eligible for brace expansion.
This construct is typically used as shorthand when the common prefix of
or
chown root /usr/{ucb/{ex,edit},lib/{ex?.?*,how_ex}}
- Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
- versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
- when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
- B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
- For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
- the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
- b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+ Brace expansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical
+ versions of s\bsh\bh. s\bsh\bh does not treat opening or closing braces specially
+ when they appear as part of a word, and preserves them in the output.
+ B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh removes braces from words as a consequence of brace expansion.
+ For example, a word entered to s\bsh\bh as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b{_\b1_\b,_\b2_\b} appears identically in
+ the output. The same word is output as _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b1 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\b2 after expansion by
+ b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. If strict compatibility with s\bsh\bh is desired, start b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the
+\b+B\bB option or disable brace expansion with the +\b+B\bB option to the s\bse\bet\bt com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below).
T\bTi\bil\bld\bde\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
- If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
- characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
- there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
- the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
- tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
- value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
- tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
- wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
+ If a word begins with an unquoted tilde character (`~\b~'), all of the
+ characters preceding the first unquoted slash (or all characters, if
+ there is no unquoted slash) are considered a _\bt_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\b-_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx. If none of
+ the characters in the tilde-prefix are quoted, the characters in the
+ tilde-prefix following the tilde are treated as a possible _\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
+ If this login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the
+ value of the shell parameter H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE. If H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is unset, the home direc-
+ tory of the user executing the shell is substituted instead. Other-
+ wise, the tilde-prefix is replaced with the home directory associated
with the specified login name.
- If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD
+ If the tilde-prefix is a `~+', the value of the shell variable P\bPW\bWD\bD
replaces the tilde-prefix. If the tilde-prefix is a `~-', the value of
- the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
- acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
- optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
+ the shell variable O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD, if it is set, is substituted. If the char-
+ acters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix consist of a number _\bN,
+ optionally prefixed by a `+' or a `-', the tilde-prefix is replaced
with the corresponding element from the directory stack, as it would be
displayed by the d\bdi\bir\brs\bs builtin invoked with the tilde-prefix as an argu-
- ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
+ ment. If the characters following the tilde in the tilde-prefix con-
sist of a number without a leading `+' or `-', `+' is assumed.
If the login name is invalid, or the tilde expansion fails, the word is
Each variable assignment is checked for unquoted tilde-prefixes immedi-
ately following a :\b: or the first =\b=. In these cases, tilde expansion is
- also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in
- assignments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the
+ also performed. Consequently, one may use filenames with tildes in
+ assignments to P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, M\bMA\bAI\bIL\bLP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and the shell assigns the
expanded value.
P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
The `$\b$' character introduces parameter expansion, command substitution,
- or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
- may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
- variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
+ or arithmetic expansion. The parameter name or symbol to be expanded
+ may be enclosed in braces, which are optional but serve to protect the
+ variable to be expanded from characters immediately following it which
could be interpreted as part of the name.
- When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
- escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
+ When braces are used, the matching ending brace is the first `}\b}' not
+ escaped by a backslash or within a quoted string, and not within an
embedded arithmetic expansion, command substitution, or parameter
expansion.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
- when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
+ The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. The braces are required
+ when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is a positional parameter with more than one
digit, or when _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is followed by a character which is not
to be interpreted as part of its name.
- If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), a
- level of variable indirection is introduced. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of
+ If the first character of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an exclamation point (!\b!), a
+ level of variable indirection is introduced. B\bBa\bas\bsh\bh uses the value of
the variable formed from the rest of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br as the name of the vari-
able; this variable is then expanded and that value is used in the rest
- of the substitution, rather than the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br itself. This
- is known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The exceptions to this are the expan-
- sions of ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The exclamation
- point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce
+ of the substitution, rather than the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br itself. This
+ is known as _\bi_\bn_\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bi_\bo_\bn. The exceptions to this are the expan-
+ sions of ${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*} and ${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]} described below. The exclamation
+ point must immediately follow the left brace in order to introduce
indirection.
In each of the cases below, _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is subject to tilde expansion, parame-
ter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion.
- When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented
- below, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the
+ When not performing substring expansion, using the forms documented
+ below, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh tests for a parameter that is unset or null. Omitting the
colon results in a test only for a parameter that is unset.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:-\b-_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
- sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
+ U\bUs\bse\be D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the expan-
+ sion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:=\b=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the
+ A\bAs\bss\bsi\big\bgn\bn D\bDe\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\bes\bs. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is unset or null, the
expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is assigned to _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
- _\be_\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is then substituted. Positional parameters and special
parameters may not be assigned to in this way.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:?\b?_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
- the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
- not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
+ D\bDi\bis\bsp\bpl\bla\bay\by E\bEr\brr\bro\bor\br i\bif\bf N\bNu\bul\bll\bl o\bor\br U\bUn\bns\bse\bet\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset,
+ the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd (or a message to that effect if _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is
+ not present) is written to the standard error and the shell, if
it is not interactive, exits. Otherwise, the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br
is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:+\b+_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
- U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
+ U\bUs\bse\be A\bAl\blt\bte\ber\brn\bna\bat\bte\be V\bVa\bal\blu\bue\be. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is null or unset, nothing is
substituted, otherwise the expansion of _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is substituted.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br:\b:_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt:\b:_\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh}
- S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If
- _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br start-
+ S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\btr\bri\bin\bng\bg E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn. Expands to up to _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh characters of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br starting at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If
+ _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh is omitted, expands to the substring of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br start-
ing at the character specified by _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh and _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt are
- arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). If
- _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used
- as an offset from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh
+ arithmetic expressions (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN below). If
+ _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt evaluates to a number less than zero, the value is used
+ as an offset from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh
evaluates to a number less than zero, and _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is not @\b@ and
- not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an
+ not an indexed or associative array, it is interpreted as an
offset from the end of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br rather than a num-
- ber of characters, and the expansion is the characters between
- the two offsets. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh posi-
- tional parameters beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an
- indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the
+ ber of characters, and the expansion is the characters between
+ the two offsets. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@, the result is _\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh posi-
+ tional parameters beginning at _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an
+ indexed array name subscripted by @ or *, the result is the
_\bl_\be_\bn_\bg_\bt_\bh members of the array beginning with ${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br[_\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt]}.
A negative _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is taken relative to one greater than the max-
- imum index of the specified array. Substring expansion applied
+ imum index of the specified array. Substring expansion applied
to an associative array produces undefined results. Note that a
negative offset must be separated from the colon by at least one
- space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion. Substring
- indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are
- used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If
- _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $\b$0\b0 is pre-
+ space to avoid being confused with the :- expansion. Substring
+ indexing is zero-based unless the positional parameters are
+ used, in which case the indexing starts at 1 by default. If
+ _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is 0, and the positional parameters are used, $\b$0\b0 is pre-
fixed to the list.
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx*\b*}
${!\b!_\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx@\b@}
- N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
+ N\bNa\bam\bme\bes\bs m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx. Expands to the names of variables whose
names begin with _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx, separated by the first character of the
- I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
- within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
+ I\bIF\bFS\bS special variable. When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears
+ within double quotes, each variable name expands to a separate
word.
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b@]}
${!\b!_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[_\b*]}
- L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
- the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
- When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
+ L\bLi\bis\bst\bt o\bof\bf a\bar\brr\bra\bay\by k\bke\bey\bys\bs. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an array variable, expands to
+ the list of array indices (keys) assigned in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ not an array, expands to 0 if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set and null otherwise.
+ When _\b@ is used and the expansion appears within double quotes,
each key expands to a separate word.
${#\b#_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}
- P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. The length in characters of the value of
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
- substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
+ P\bPa\bar\bra\bam\bme\bet\bte\ber\br l\ble\ben\bng\bgt\bth\bh. The length in characters of the value of
+ _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is substituted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is *\b* or @\b@, the value
+ substituted is the number of positional parameters. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bt_\be_\br is an array name subscripted by *\b* or @\b@, the value substi-
tuted is the number of elements in the array.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br#\b##\b#_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg p\bpr\bre\bef\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches
- the beginning of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the
- expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
- matching pattern (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pat-
- tern (the ``#\b##\b#'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
- pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
+ the beginning of the value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the result of the
+ expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with the shortest
+ matching pattern (the ``#\b#'' case) or the longest matching pat-
+ tern (the ``#\b##\b#'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the
+ pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parame-
ter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\b-
- _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
- removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
+ _\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the pattern
+ removal operation is applied to each member of the array in
turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br%\b%%\b%_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd}
R\bRe\bem\bmo\bov\bve\be m\bma\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg s\bsu\buf\bff\bfi\bix\bx p\bpa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn. The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is expanded to produce
a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches
- a trailing portion of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the
- result of the expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with
- the shortest matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest
- matching pattern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@
- or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi-
- tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
- list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
- *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of
+ a trailing portion of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br, then the
+ result of the expansion is the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br with
+ the shortest matching pattern (the ``%\b%'' case) or the longest
+ matching pattern (the ``%\b%%\b%'' case) deleted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@
+ or *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each posi-
+ tional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or
+ *\b*, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of
the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br/\b/_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn/\b/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg}
P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn s\bsu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to produce a pat-
- tern just as in pathname expansion. _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
- the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with /\b/, all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are
- replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Normally only the first match is
+ tern just as in pathname expansion. _\bP_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is expanded and
+ the longest match of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn against its value is replaced with
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with /\b/, all matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are
+ replaced with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. Normally only the first match is
replaced. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with #\b#, it must match at the begin-
ning of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn begins with
- %\b%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
+ %\b%, it must match at the end of the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br.
If _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is null, matches of _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn are deleted and the /\b/ fol-
lowing _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn may be omitted. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the sub-
- stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in
- turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
- an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution
- operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and
+ stitution operation is applied to each positional parameter in
+ turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is
+ an array variable subscripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the substitution
+ operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and
the expansion is the resultant list.
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br^\b^^\b^_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
${_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br,\b,,\b,_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn}
- C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
- betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
- duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. The ^\b^ operator
- converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to uppercase; the ,\b,
- operator converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The
- ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character in the
- expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert only
- the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is omit-
- ted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character. If
- _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
- to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the
- resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable subscripted
- with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied to each
- member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
- list.
+ C\bCa\bas\bse\be m\bmo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bic\bca\bat\bti\bio\bon\bn. This expansion modifies the case of alpha-
+ betic characters in _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br. The _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is expanded to pro-
+ duce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. Each character in
+ the expanded value of _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is tested against _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn, and,
+ if it matches the pattern, its case is converted. The pattern
+ should not attempt to match more than one character. The ^\b^
+ operator converts lowercase letters matching _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn to upper-
+ case; the ,\b, operator converts matching uppercase letters to low-
+ ercase. The ^\b^^\b^ and ,\b,,\b, expansions convert each matched character
+ in the expanded value; the ^\b^ and ,\b, expansions match and convert
+ only the first character in the expanded value. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn is
+ omitted, it is treated like a ?\b?, which matches every character.
+ If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is
+ applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion
+ is the resultant list. If _\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br is an array variable sub-
+ scripted with @\b@ or *\b*, the case modification operation is applied
+ to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the
+ resultant list.
C\bCo\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd S\bSu\bub\bbs\bst\bti\bit\btu\but\bti\bio\bon\bn
_\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn allows the output of a command to replace the com-
and store the definition.
c\bca\bal\bll\bl-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx e\be)\b)
Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the char-
- acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
+ acters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
+ p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\bt-\b-l\bla\bas\bst\bt-\b-k\bkb\bbd\bd-\b-m\bma\bac\bcr\bro\bo (\b()\b) Print the last keyboard macro defined in
+ a format suitable for the _\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc file.
M\bMi\bis\bsc\bce\bel\bll\bla\ban\bne\beo\bou\bus\bs
r\bre\be-\b-r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-i\bin\bni\bit\bt-\b-f\bfi\bil\ble\be (\b(C\bC-\b-x\bx C\bC-\b-r\br)\b)
variables are assigned values as described above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs.
If a shell function is being invoked, the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDS\bS and C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_C\bCW\bWO\bOR\bRD\bD
variables are also set. When the function or command is invoked, the
- first argument is the name of the command whose arguments are being
- completed, the second argument is the word being completed, and the
- third argument is the word preceding the word being completed on the
- current command line. No filtering of the generated completions
- against the word being completed is performed; the function or command
- has complete freedom in generating the matches.
+ first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose arguments are
+ being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2) is the word being completed,
+ and the third argument ($\b$3\b3) is the word preceding the word being com-
+ pleted on the current command line. No filtering of the generated com-
+ pletions against the word being completed is performed; the function or
+ command has complete freedom in generating the matches.
Any function specified with -\b-F\bF is invoked first. The function may use
any of the shell facilities, including the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn builtin described
below, to generate the matches. It must put the possible completions
- in the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY array variable.
+ in the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY array variable, one per array element.
Next, any command specified with the -\b-C\bC option is invoked in an envi-
ronment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list of
On startup, the history is initialized from the file named by the vari-
able H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE (default _\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bh_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by). The file named by the value
of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is truncated, if necessary, to contain no more than the
- number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. When the his-
- tory file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character
- followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the
- preceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed
- depending on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When an inter-
- active shell exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the his-
- tory list to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled (see
- the description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the lines
- are appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is over-
- written. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable,
- the history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, time
+ number of lines specified by the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE-\b-
+ S\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value
+ less than zero, the history file is not truncated. When the history
+ file is read, lines beginning with the history comment character fol-
+ lowed immediately by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the pre-
+ ceding history line. These timestamps are optionally displayed depend-
+ ing on the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable. When an interactive
+ shell exits, the last $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTS\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines are copied from the history list
+ to $\b$H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd shell option is enabled (see the
+ description of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below), the lines are
+ appended to the history file, otherwise the history file is overwrit-
+ ten. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the
+ history is not saved. If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, time
stamps are written to the history file, marked with the history comment
character, so they may be preserved across shell sessions. This uses
the history comment character to distinguish timestamps from other his-
tory lines. After saving the history, the history file is truncated to
- contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is not set,
- no truncation is performed.
+ contain no more than H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE lines. If H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bES\bSI\bIZ\bZE\bE is unset, or
+ set to null, a non-numeric value, or a numeric value less than zero,
+ the history file is not truncated.
- The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
+ The builtin command f\bfc\bc (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below) may be used
to list or edit and re-execute a portion of the history list. The h\bhi\bis\bs-\b-
- t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
- manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
- commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
+ t\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to display or modify the history list and
+ manipulate the history file. When using command-line editing, search
+ commands are available in each editing mode that provide access to the
history list.
- The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
+ The shell allows control over which commands are saved on the history
list. The H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL and H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables may be set to cause the
shell to save only a subset of the commands entered. The c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell
- option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
- multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
- necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
- causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
+ option, if enabled, causes the shell to attempt to save each line of a
+ multi-line command in the same history entry, adding semicolons where
+ necessary to preserve syntactic correctness. The l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt shell option
+ causes the shell to save the command with embedded newlines instead of
semicolons. See the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below under S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS for information on setting and unsetting shell
options.
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY E\bEX\bXP\bPA\bAN\bNS\bSI\bIO\bON\bN
- The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
- history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh.\b. This section describes what syntax features
- are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
+ The shell supports a history expansion feature that is similar to the
+ history expansion in c\bcs\bsh\bh.\b. This section describes what syntax features
+ are available. This feature is enabled by default for interactive
shells, and can be disabled using the +\b+H\bH option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin com-
mand (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS below). Non-interactive shells do not
perform history expansion by default.
History expansions introduce words from the history list into the input
- stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
+ stream, making it easy to repeat commands, insert the arguments to a
previous command into the current input line, or fix errors in previous
commands quickly.
- History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
- read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two
- parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to
+ History expansion is performed immediately after a complete line is
+ read, before the shell breaks it into words. It takes place in two
+ parts. The first is to determine which line from the history list to
use during substitution. The second is to select portions of that line
for inclusion into the current one. The line selected from the history
- is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are
- _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are available to manipulate the selected
+ is the _\be_\bv_\be_\bn_\bt, and the portions of that line that are acted upon are
+ _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bs. Various _\bm_\bo_\bd_\bi_\bf_\bi_\be_\br_\bs are available to manipulate the selected
words. The line is broken into words in the same fashion as when read-
- ing input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br-separated words surrounded by
- quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by
- the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !\b! by
- default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single quotes can quote the history
+ ing input, so that several _\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\ba_\bc_\bt_\be_\br-separated words surrounded by
+ quotes are considered one word. History expansions are introduced by
+ the appearance of the history expansion character, which is !\b! by
+ default. Only backslash (\\b\) and single quotes can quote the history
expansion character.
- Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
- lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
- tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
+ Several characters inhibit history expansion if found immediately fol-
+ lowing the history expansion character, even if it is unquoted: space,
+ tab, newline, carriage return, and =\b=. If the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option is
enabled, (\b( will also inhibit expansion.
- Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
- tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell
+ Several shell options settable with the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin may be used to
+ tailor the behavior of history expansion. If the h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by shell
option is enabled (see the description of the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin below), and
- r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
- passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, history substitutions are not immediately
+ passed to the shell parser. Instead, the expanded line is reloaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer for further modification. If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
- history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
- for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
- used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
+ is being used, and the h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt shell option is enabled, a failed
+ history substitution will be reloaded into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer
+ for correction. The -\b-p\bp option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin command may be
+ used to see what a history expansion will do before using it. The -\b-s\bs
option to the h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by builtin may be used to add commands to the end of
- the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
+ the history list without actually executing them, so that they are
available for subsequent recall.
- The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
+ The shell allows control of the various characters used by the history
expansion mechanism (see the description of h\bhi\bis\bst\btc\bch\bha\bar\brs\bs above under S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
+ V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs). The shell uses the history comment character to mark his-
tory timestamps when writing the history file.
E\bEv\bve\ben\bnt\bt D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
- tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
+ An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the his-
+ tory list. Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to
the current position in the history list.
- !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
- newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
+ !\b! Start a history substitution, except when followed by a b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bk,
+ newline, carriage return, = or ( (when the e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb shell option
is enabled using the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin).
!\b!_\bn Refer to command line _\bn.
!\b!-\b-_\bn Refer to the current command minus _\bn.
!\b!!\b! Refer to the previous command. This is a synonym for `!-1'.
!\b!_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
in the history list starting with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg.
!\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b]
- Refer to the most recent command preceding the current postition
- in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
+ Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position
+ in the history list containing _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg. The trailing ?\b? may be
omitted if _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is followed immediately by a newline.
^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1^\b^_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2^\b^
- Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2/''
+ Quick substitution. Repeat the previous command, replacing
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1 with _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2. Equivalent to ``!!:s/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b1/_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg_\b2/''
(see M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs below).
!\b!#\b# The entire command line typed so far.
W\bWo\bor\brd\bd D\bDe\bes\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bat\bto\bor\brs\bs
- Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
- separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
- omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
- are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
- denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
+ Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A :\b:
+ separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be
+ omitted if the word designator begins with a ^\b^, $\b$, *\b*, -\b-, or %\b%. Words
+ are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being
+ denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line sepa-
rated by single spaces.
0\b0 (\b(z\bze\ber\bro\bo)\b)
$\b$ The last argument.
%\b% The word matched by the most recent `?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg?' search.
_\bx-\b-_\by A range of words; `-_\by' abbreviates `0-_\by'.
- *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
- It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
+ *\b* All of the words but the zeroth. This is a synonym for `_\b1_\b-_\b$'.
+ It is not an error to use *\b* if there is just one word in the
event; the empty string is returned in that case.
x\bx*\b* Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$.
x\bx-\b- Abbreviates _\bx_\b-_\b$ like x\bx*\b*, but omits the last word.
- If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
+ If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the
previous command is used as the event.
M\bMo\bod\bdi\bif\bfi\bie\ber\brs\bs
- After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
+ After the optional word designator, there may appear a sequence of one
or more of the following modifiers, each preceded by a `:'.
h\bh Remove a trailing filename component, leaving only the head.
e\be Remove all but the trailing suffix.
p\bp Print the new command but do not execute it.
q\bq Quote the substituted words, escaping further substitutions.
- x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
+ x\bx Quote the substituted words as with q\bq, but break into words at
b\bbl\bla\ban\bnk\bks\bs and newlines.
s\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/
- Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
- line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final
- delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event
- line. The delimiter may be quoted in _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw with a single
- backslash. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced by _\bo_\bl_\bd. A sin-
- gle backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set to
- the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substitu-
+ Substitute _\bn_\be_\bw for the first occurrence of _\bo_\bl_\bd in the event
+ line. Any delimiter can be used in place of /. The final
+ delimiter is optional if it is the last character of the event
+ line. The delimiter may be quoted in _\bo_\bl_\bd and _\bn_\be_\bw with a single
+ backslash. If & appears in _\bn_\be_\bw, it is replaced by _\bo_\bl_\bd. A sin-
+ gle backslash will quote the &. If _\bo_\bl_\bd is null, it is set to
+ the last _\bo_\bl_\bd substituted, or, if no previous history substitu-
tions took place, the last _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg in a !\b!?\b?_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg[\b[?\b?]\b] search.
&\b& Repeat the previous substitution.
g\bg Cause changes to be applied over the entire event line. This is
- used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
- If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
- the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
+ used in conjunction with `:\b:s\bs' (e.g., `:\b:g\bgs\bs/\b/_\bo_\bl_\bd/\b/_\bn_\be_\bw/\b/') or `:\b:&\b&'.
+ If used with `:\b:s\bs', any delimiter can be used in place of /, and
+ the final delimiter is optional if it is the last character of
the event line. An a\ba may be used as a synonym for g\bg.
- G\bG Apply the following `s\bs' modifier once to each word in the event
+ G\bG Apply the following `s\bs' modifier once to each word in the event
line.
S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL B\bBU\bUI\bIL\bLT\bTI\bIN\bN C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bDS\bS
Unless otherwise noted, each builtin command documented in this section
as accepting options preceded by -\b- accepts -\b--\b- to signify the end of the
- options. The :\b:, t\btr\bru\bue\be, f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be, and t\bte\bes\bst\bt builtins do not accept options
+ options. The :\b:, t\btr\bru\bue\be, f\bfa\bal\bls\bse\be, and t\bte\bes\bst\bt builtins do not accept options
and do not treat -\b--\b- specially. The e\bex\bxi\bit\bt, l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt, b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk, c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be, l\ble\bet\bt,
- and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning with -\b- with-
- out requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but are not
- specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with -\b- as
+ and s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtins accept and process arguments beginning with -\b- with-
+ out requiring -\b--\b-. Other builtins that accept arguments but are not
+ specified as accepting options interpret arguments beginning with -\b- as
invalid options and require -\b--\b- to prevent this interpretation.
:\b: [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
- and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is
+ No effect; the command does nothing beyond expanding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
+ and performing any specified redirections. A zero exit code is
returned.
.\b. _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell
- environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
- cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
- filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
+ Read and execute commands from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the current shell
+ environment and return the exit status of the last command exe-
+ cuted from _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be does not contain a slash,
+ filenames in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are used to find the directory containing
_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. The file searched for in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH need not be executable.
- When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
- searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
- to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
- searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the posi-
- tional parameters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the
- positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the
- status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no
- commands are executed), and false if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or
+ When b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is not in _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, the current directory is
+ searched if no file is found in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh option
+ to the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin command is turned off, the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
+ searched. If any _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs are supplied, they become the posi-
+ tional parameters when _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is executed. Otherwise the
+ positional parameters are unchanged. The return status is the
+ status of the last command exited within the script (0 if no
+ commands are executed), and false if _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or
cannot be read.
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs with no arguments or with the -\b-p\bp option prints the list of
- aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
- arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
+ aliases in the form a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be on standard output. When
+ arguments are supplied, an alias is defined for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be whose
_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is given. A trailing space in _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be causes the next word
to be checked for alias substitution when the alias is expanded.
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
- plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs
- returns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be in the argument list for which no _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be is sup-
+ plied, the name and value of the alias is printed. A\bAl\bli\bia\bas\bs
+ returns true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is given for which no alias has been
defined.
b\bbg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
+ Resume each suspended job _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the background, as if it
had been started with &\b&. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's
- notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
- run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
- enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
+ notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. b\bbg\bg _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc returns 0 unless
+ run when job control is disabled or, when run with job control
+ enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
without job control.
- b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\blp\bps\bsv\bvP\bPS\bSV\bV]
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\blp\bps\bsv\bvP\bPS\bSV\bVX\bX]
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-q\bq _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-r\br _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq]
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] -\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] -\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
- sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would
- appear in _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be passed
- as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
+ Display current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key and function bindings, bind a key
+ sequence to a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function or macro, or set a r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
+ variable. Each non-option argument is a command as it would
+ appear in _\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc, but each binding or command must be passed
+ as a separate argument; e.g., '"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file'.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp
Use _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp as the keymap to be affected by the subsequent
bindings. Acceptable _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp names are _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\b-
- _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
- and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
+ _\bd_\ba_\br_\bd_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bm_\be_\bt_\ba_\b, _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bc_\bt_\bl_\bx_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bm_\bo_\bv_\be_\b, _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd,
+ and _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bi_\bn_\bs_\be_\br_\bt. _\bv_\bi is equivalent to _\bv_\bi_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd; _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs is
equivalent to _\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs_\b-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd.
-\b-l\bl List the names of all r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be functions.
- -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
+ -\b-p\bp Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings in such a
way that they can be re-read.
-\b-P\bP List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be function names and bindings.
- -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
- strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
+ -\b-s\bs Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ strings they output in such a way that they can be re-
read.
- -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
+ -\b-S\bS Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output.
- -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
+ -\b-v\bv Display r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values in such a way
that they can be re-read.
-\b-V\bV List current r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be variable names and values.
-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
-\b-r\br _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq
Remove any current binding for _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq.
-\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:\b:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is
- entered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
- the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
- l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
+ Cause _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed whenever _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq is
+ entered. When _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed, the shell sets
+ the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE variable to the contents of the r\bre\bea\bad\bd-\b-
+ l\bli\bin\bne\be line buffer and the R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT variable to the
current location of the insertion point. If the executed
- command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
- L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
+ command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
+ L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
editing state.
+ -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
+ associated commands in a format that can be reused as
+ input.
- The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
+ The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
an error occurred.
b\bbr\bre\bea\bak\bk [_\bn]
- Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
- specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
- than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
- exited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
+ Exit from within a f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is
+ specified, break _\bn levels. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater
+ than the number of enclosing loops, all enclosing loops are
+ exited. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater than or
equal to 1.
b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
+ Execute the specified shell builtin, passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, and
return its exit status. This is useful when defining a function
- whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
+ whose name is the same as a shell builtin, retaining the func-
tionality of the builtin within the function. The c\bcd\bd builtin is
- commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
+ commonly redefined this way. The return status is false if
_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn is not a shell builtin command.
c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br [_\be_\bx_\bp_\br]
Returns the context of any active subroutine call (a shell func-
tion or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins). With-
out _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number and source filename of
- the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
+ the current subroutine call. If a non-negative integer is sup-
plied as _\be_\bx_\bp_\br, c\bca\bal\bll\ble\ber\br displays the line number, subroutine name,
- and source file corresponding to that position in the current
- execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
- example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
- The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
- routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
+ and source file corresponding to that position in the current
+ execution call stack. This extra information may be used, for
+ example, to print a stack trace. The current frame is frame 0.
+ The return value is 0 unless the shell is not executing a sub-
+ routine call or _\be_\bx_\bp_\br does not correspond to a valid position in
the call stack.
c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]]] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is the
- default _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for
- the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative directory names in
- C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in
- C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``.\b.''. If
- _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used. The -\b-P\bP
- option says to use the physical directory structure instead of
- following symbolic links (see also the -\b-P\bP option to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links to be fol-
- lowed. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current
- working directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc-
- cessful directory change, c\bcd\bd will return an unsuccessful status.
- An argument of -\b- is converted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before the directory
- change is attempted. If a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- is used, or if -\b- is the first argument, and the directory change
- is successful, the absolute pathname of the new working direc-
- tory is written to the standard output. The return value is
- true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise.
+ Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
+ the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. Any addi-
+ tional arguments following _\bd_\bi_\br are ignored. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ defines the search path for the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br: each
+ directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative
+ directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null
+ directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory,
+ i.e., ``.\b.''. If _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
+ used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical directory
+ structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _\bd_\bi_\br and
+ before processing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br (see also the -\b-P\bP option
+ to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links
+ to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances
+ of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br. If _\b._\b. appears in _\bd_\bi_\br, it is processed by removing
+ the immediately previous pathname component from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a
+ slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied
+ with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory cannot be success-
+ fully determined after a successful directory change, c\bcd\bd will
+ return an unsuccessful status. An argument of -\b- is converted to
+ $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before the directory change is attempted. If a non-
+ empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first
+ argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute
+ pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard
+ output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
+ fully changed; false otherwise.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
- lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
- executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
- performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
- find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
+ Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
+ lookup. Only builtin commands or commands found in the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are
+ executed. If the -\b-p\bp option is given, the search for _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is
+ performed using a default value for P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH that is guaranteed to
+ find all of the standard utilities. If either the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv
option is supplied, a description of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is printed. The -\b-v\bv
- option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
+ option causes a single word indicating the command or filename
used to invoke _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be displayed; the -\b-V\bV option produces a
- more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
- the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
+ more verbose description. If the -\b-V\bV or -\b-v\bv option is supplied,
+ the exit status is 0 if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd was found, and 1 if not. If
neither option is supplied and an error occurred or _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
+ not be found, the exit status is 127. Otherwise, the exit sta-
tus of the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin is the exit status of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpg\bge\ben\bn [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]
- Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
- builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
- to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
- various shell variables set by the programmable completion
+ Generate possible completion matches for _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd according to the
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, which may be any option accepted by the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
+ builtin with the exception of -\b-p\bp and -\b-r\br, and write the matches
+ to the standard output. When using the -\b-F\bF or -\b-C\bC options, the
+ various shell variables set by the programmable completion
facilities, while available, will not have useful values.
- The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
- grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
+ The matches will be generated in the same way as if the pro-
+ grammable completion code had generated them directly from a
completion specification with the same flags. If _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd is speci-
fied, only those completions matching _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd will be displayed.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
or no matches were generated.
- c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
+ c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be [-\b-a\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfg\bgj\bjk\bks\bsu\buv\bv] [-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\b-
_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt] [-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd]
[-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt] [-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx] [-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be _\b._\b._\b.]
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be -\b-p\bpr\br [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
- -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
- completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
+ Specify how arguments to each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be should be completed. If the
+ -\b-p\bp option is supplied, or if no options are supplied, existing
+ completion specifications are printed in a way that allows them
to be reused as input. The -\b-r\br option removes a completion spec-
- ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
+ ification for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, or, if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are supplied, all com-
pletion specifications. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the
- remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
- command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
- for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
- option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
- apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
+ remaining options and actions should apply to the ``default''
+ command completion; that is, completion attempted on a command
+ for which no completion has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE
+ option indicates that the remaining options and actions should
+ apply to ``empty'' command completion; that is, completion
attempted on a blank line.
- The process of applying these completion specifications when
- word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
+ The process of applying these completion specifications when
+ word completion is attempted is described above under P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
g\bgr\bra\bam\bmm\bma\bab\bbl\ble\be C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn.
- Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
- arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
- -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
+ Other options, if specified, have the following meanings. The
+ arguments to the -\b-G\bG, -\b-W\bW, and -\b-X\bX options (and, if necessary, the
+ -\b-P\bP and -\b-S\bS options) should be quoted to protect them from expan-
sion before the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin is invoked.
-\b-o\bo _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
- spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
+ The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn controls several aspects of the comp-
+ spec's behavior beyond the simple generation of comple-
tions. _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\b-_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of:
b\bba\bas\bsh\bhd\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt
Perform the rest of the default b\bba\bas\bsh\bh completions
if the compspec generates no matches.
- d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
+ d\bde\bef\bfa\bau\bul\blt\bt Use readline's default filename completion if
the compspec generates no matches.
d\bdi\bir\brn\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Perform directory name completion if the comp-
+ Perform directory name completion if the comp-
spec generates no matches.
f\bfi\bil\ble\ben\bna\bam\bme\bes\bs
- Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
- names, so it can perform any filename-specific
- processing (like adding a slash to directory
- names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
- ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
+ Tell readline that the compspec generates file-
+ names, so it can perform any filename-specific
+ processing (like adding a slash to directory
+ names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
+ ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
- n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
- default) to words completed at the end of the
+ n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
+ if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
+ default).
+ n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
+ default) to words completed at the end of the
line.
p\bpl\blu\bus\bsd\bdi\bir\brs\bs
- After any matches defined by the compspec are
- generated, directory name completion is
- attempted and any matches are added to the
+ After any matches defined by the compspec are
+ generated, directory name completion is
+ attempted and any matches are added to the
results of the other actions.
-\b-A\bA _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
+ The _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn may be one of the following to generate a
list of possible completions:
a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs Alias names. May also be specified as -\b-a\ba.
a\bar\brr\bra\bay\byv\bva\bar\br
Array variable names.
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bdi\bin\bng\bg R\bRe\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be key binding names.
- b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
+ b\bbu\bui\bil\blt\bti\bin\bn Names of shell builtin commands. May also be
specified as -\b-b\bb.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd Command names. May also be specified as -\b-c\bc.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bec\bct\bto\bor\bry\by
d\bdi\bis\bsa\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd
Names of disabled shell builtins.
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\bed\bd Names of enabled shell builtins.
- e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
+ e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt Names of exported shell variables. May also be
specified as -\b-e\be.
f\bfi\bil\ble\be File names. May also be specified as -\b-f\bf.
f\bfu\bun\bnc\bct\bti\bio\bon\bn
h\bhe\bel\blp\bpt\bto\bop\bpi\bic\bc
Help topics as accepted by the h\bhe\bel\blp\bp builtin.
h\bho\bos\bst\btn\bna\bam\bme\be
- Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
+ Hostnames, as taken from the file specified by
the H\bHO\bOS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE shell variable.
- j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
+ j\bjo\bob\bb Job names, if job control is active. May also
be specified as -\b-j\bj.
- k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
+ k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Shell reserved words. May also be specified as
-\b-k\bk.
r\bru\bun\bnn\bni\bin\bng\bg Names of running jobs, if job control is active.
s\bse\ber\brv\bvi\bic\bce\be Service names. May also be specified as -\b-s\bs.
- s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
+ s\bse\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bt Valid arguments for the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt
builtin.
- s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt Shell option names as accepted by the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
builtin.
s\bsi\big\bgn\bna\bal\bl Signal names.
s\bst\bto\bop\bpp\bpe\bed\bd Names of stopped jobs, if job control is active.
Names of all shell variables. May also be spec-
ified as -\b-v\bv.
-\b-C\bC _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is executed in a subshell environment, and its
output is used as the possible completions.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
- The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
- pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
- array variable.
+ The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
+ shell environment. When the function is executed, the
+ first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose
+ arguments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2)
+ is the word being completed, and the third argument ($\b$3\b3)
+ is the word preceding the word being completed on the
+ current command line. When it finishes, the possible
+ completions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bE-\b-
+ P\bPL\bLY\bY array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
- greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
- the argument to -\b-u\bu.
+ greater than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assign-
+ ing to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descrip-
+ tor is supplied as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
- The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
- is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
- marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
- arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
- arrays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If
- no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
+ The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ may not be changed by subsequent assignment. If the -\b-f\bf option
+ is supplied, the functions corresponding to the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are so
+ marked. The -\b-a\ba option restricts the variables to indexed
+ arrays; the -\b-A\bA option restricts the variables to associative
+ arrays. If both options are supplied, -\b-A\bA takes precedence. If
+ no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a
list of all readonly names is printed. The other options may be
- used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
- names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
- that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
- =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
- status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
+ used to restrict the output to a subset of the set of readonly
+ names. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a format
+ that may be reused as input. If a variable name is followed by
+ =_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. The return
+ status is 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one of the
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is supplied with
a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn [_\bn]
- Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
- fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
- that of the last command executed in the function body. If
- r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is used outside a function, but during execution of a
- script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop
- executing that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of
- the last command executed within the script as the exit status
- of the script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least
- significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is
- supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function
- and not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any com-
- mand associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execu-
+ Causes a function to stop executing and return the value speci-
+ fied by _\bn to its caller. If _\bn is omitted, the return status is
+ that of the last command executed in the function body. If
+ r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is used outside a function, but during execution of a
+ script by the .\b. (s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be) command, it causes the shell to stop
+ executing that script and return either _\bn or the exit status of
+ the last command executed within the script as the exit status
+ of the script. If _\bn is supplied, the return value is its least
+ significant 8 bits. The return status is non-zero if r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is
+ supplied a non-numeric argument, or is used outside a function
+ and not during execution of a script by .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be. Any com-
+ mand associated with the R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN trap is executed before execu-
tion resumes after the function or script.
s\bse\bet\bt [-\b--\b-a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
s\bse\bet\bt [+\b+a\bab\bbe\bef\bfh\bhk\bkm\bmn\bnp\bpt\btu\buv\bvx\bxB\bBC\bCE\bEH\bHP\bPT\bT] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
+ Without options, the name and value of each shell variable are
displayed in a format that can be reused as input for setting or
resetting the currently-set variables. Read-only variables can-
- not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
- The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
- options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
- arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
+ not be reset. In _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be, only shell variables are listed.
+ The output is sorted according to the current locale. When
+ options are specified, they set or unset shell attributes. Any
+ arguments remaining after option processing are treated as val-
ues for the positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
- $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
+ $\b$1\b1, $\b$2\b2, .\b..\b..\b. $\b$_\bn. Options, if specified, have the following
meanings:
- -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
- modified or created for export to the environment of
+ -\b-a\ba Automatically mark variables and functions which are
+ modified or created for export to the environment of
subsequent commands.
- -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
+ -\b-b\bb Report the status of terminated background jobs immedi-
ately, rather than before the next primary prompt. This
is effective only when job control is enabled.
- -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
- (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero sta-
- tus. The shell does not exit if the command that fails
- is part of the command list immediately following a
- w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the
- i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed
- in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the
- final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last,
- or if the command's return value is being inverted with
- !\b!. If a compound command other than a subshell returns
- a non-zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was
- being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
+ -\b-e\be Exit immediately if a _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be (which may consist of a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd), a _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, or a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bd _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
+ (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR above), exits with a non-zero sta-
+ tus. The shell does not exit if the command that fails
+ is part of the command list immediately following a
+ w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test following the
+ i\bif\bf or e\bel\bli\bif\bf reserved words, part of any command executed
+ in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list except the command following the
+ final &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b|, any command in a pipeline but the last,
+ or if the command's return value is being inverted with
+ !\b!. If a compound command other than a subshell returns
+ a non-zero status because a command failed while -\b-e\be was
+ being ignored, the shell does not exit. A trap on E\bER\bRR\bR,
if set, is executed before the shell exits. This option
applies to the shell environment and each subshell envi-
- ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
+ ronment separately (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN E\bEN\bNV\bVI\bIR\bRO\bON\bNM\bME\bEN\bNT\bT
above), and may cause subshells to exit before executing
all the commands in the subshell.
-\b-f\bf Disable pathname expansion.
- -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+ -\b-h\bh Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
for execution. This is enabled by default.
- -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
- placed in the environment for a command, not just those
+ -\b-k\bk All arguments in the form of assignment statements are
+ placed in the environment for a command, not just those
that precede the command name.
- -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
- on by default for interactive shells on systems that
- support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
+ -\b-m\bm Monitor mode. Job control is enabled. This option is
+ on by default for interactive shells on systems that
+ support it (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). All processes run
in a separate process group. When a background job com-
pletes, the shell prints a line containing its exit sta-
tus.
-\b-n\bn Read commands but do not execute them. This may be used
- to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
+ to check a shell script for syntax errors. This is
ignored by interactive shells.
-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be can be one of the following:
Same as -\b-a\ba.
b\bbr\bra\bac\bce\bee\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
Same as -\b-B\bB.
- e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
+ e\bem\bma\bac\bcs\bs Use an emacs-style command line editing inter-
face. This is enabled by default when the shell
is interactive, unless the shell is started with
- the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
+ the -\b--\b-n\bno\boe\bed\bdi\bit\bti\bin\bng\bg option. This also affects the
editing interface used for r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt Same as -\b-e\be.
e\ber\brr\brt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be
H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTO\bOR\bRY\bY. This option is on by default in inter-
active shells.
i\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\bee\beo\bof\bf
- The effect is as if the shell command
- ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
+ The effect is as if the shell command
+ ``IGNOREEOF=10'' had been executed (see S\bSh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
V\bVa\bar\bri\bia\bab\bbl\ble\bes\bs above).
k\bke\bey\byw\bwo\bor\brd\bd Same as -\b-k\bk.
m\bmo\bon\bni\bit\bto\bor\br Same as -\b-m\bm.
p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl
Same as -\b-P\bP.
p\bpi\bip\bpe\bef\bfa\bai\bil\bl
- If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
- value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
- with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
- in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
+ If set, the return value of a pipeline is the
+ value of the last (rightmost) command to exit
+ with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands
+ in the pipeline exit successfully. This option
is disabled by default.
- p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
- operation differs from the POSIX standard to
+ p\bpo\bos\bsi\bix\bx Change the behavior of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh where the default
+ operation differs from the POSIX standard to
match the standard (_\bp_\bo_\bs_\bi_\bx _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be).
p\bpr\bri\biv\bvi\bil\ble\beg\bge\bed\bd
Same as -\b-p\bp.
v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be Same as -\b-v\bv.
- v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
+ v\bvi\bi Use a vi-style command line editing interface.
This also affects the editing interface used for
r\bre\bea\bad\bd -\b-e\be.
x\bxt\btr\bra\bac\bce\be Same as -\b-x\bx.
If -\b-o\bo is supplied with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the values of the
- current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
- current option settings is displayed on the standard
+ current options are printed. If +\b+o\bo is supplied with no
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\b-_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, a series of s\bse\bet\bt commands to recreate the
+ current option settings is displayed on the standard
output.
- -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
- $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
- not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
- B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
+ -\b-p\bp Turn on _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\bi_\bl_\be_\bg_\be_\bd mode. In this mode, the $\b$E\bEN\bNV\bV and
+ $\b$B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_E\bEN\bNV\bV files are not processed, shell functions are
+ not inherited from the environment, and the S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS,
+ B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bHO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS, C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH, and G\bGL\bLO\bOB\bBI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE variables, if they
appear in the environment, are ignored. If the shell is
- started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
- the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
+ started with the effective user (group) id not equal to
+ the real user (group) id, and the -\b-p\bp option is not sup-
plied, these actions are taken and the effective user id
- is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
- plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
- Turning this option off causes the effective user and
+ is set to the real user id. If the -\b-p\bp option is sup-
+ plied at startup, the effective user id is not reset.
+ Turning this option off causes the effective user and
group ids to be set to the real user and group ids.
-\b-t\bt Exit after reading and executing one command.
-\b-u\bu Treat unset variables and parameters other than the spe-
- cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
- parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
- unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
- message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
+ cial parameters "@" and "*" as an error when performing
+ parameter expansion. If expansion is attempted on an
+ unset variable or parameter, the shell prints an error
+ message, and, if not interactive, exits with a non-zero
status.
-\b-v\bv Print shell input lines as they are read.
- -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
+ -\b-x\bx After expanding each _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, f\bfo\bor\br command, c\bca\bas\bse\be
command, s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt command, or arithmetic f\bfo\bor\br command, dis-
- play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
+ play the expanded value of P\bPS\bS4\b4, followed by the command
and its expanded arguments or associated word list.
- -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
+ -\b-B\bB The shell performs brace expansion (see B\bBr\bra\bac\bce\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn
above). This is on by default.
- -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
- the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
+ -\b-C\bC If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh does not overwrite an existing file with
+ the >\b>, >\b>&\b&, and <\b<>\b> redirection operators. This may be
overridden when creating output files by using the redi-
rection operator >\b>|\b| instead of >\b>.
-\b-E\bE If set, any trap on E\bER\bRR\bR is inherited by shell functions,
- command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
- shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
+ command substitutions, and commands executed in a sub-
+ shell environment. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is normally not inher-
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
- executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
+ executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
- chain of directories when performing commands which
+ chain of directories when performing commands which
change the current directory.
- -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
- shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
- executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
+ -\b-T\bT If set, any traps on D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN are inherited by
+ shell functions, command substitutions, and commands
+ executed in a subshell environment. The D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and
R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps are normally not inherited in such cases.
- -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
+ -\b--\b- If no arguments follow this option, then the positional
parameters are unset. Otherwise, the positional parame-
- ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
+ ters are set to the _\ba_\br_\bgs, even if some of them begin
with a -\b-.
- -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
+ -\b- Signal the end of options, cause all remaining _\ba_\br_\bgs to
be assigned to the positional parameters. The -\b-x\bx and -\b-v\bv
options are turned off. If there are no _\ba_\br_\bgs, the posi-
tional parameters remain unchanged.
- The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
- rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
- options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
- the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
+ The options are off by default unless otherwise noted. Using +
+ rather than - causes these options to be turned off. The
+ options can also be specified as arguments to an invocation of
+ the shell. The current set of options may be found in $\b$-\b-. The
return status is always true unless an invalid option is encoun-
tered.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt [_\bn]
- The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
- Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
- unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
- $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
- it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
- parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
+ The positional parameters from _\bn+1 ... are renamed to $\b$1\b1 .\b..\b..\b..\b.
+ Parameters represented by the numbers $\b$#\b# down to $\b$#\b#-_\bn+1 are
+ unset. _\bn must be a non-negative number less than or equal to
+ $\b$#\b#. If _\bn is 0, no parameters are changed. If _\bn is not given,
+ it is assumed to be 1. If _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b#, the positional
+ parameters are not changed. The return status is greater than
zero if _\bn is greater than $\b$#\b# or less than zero; otherwise 0.
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-p\bpq\bqs\bsu\bu] [-\b-o\bo] [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
Toggle the values of variables controlling optional shell behav-
ior. With no options, or with the -\b-p\bp option, a list of all set-
table options is displayed, with an indication of whether or not
- each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
- form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
+ each is set. The -\b-p\bp option causes output to be displayed in a
+ form that may be reused as input. Other options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-s\bs Enable (set) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
-\b-u\bu Disable (unset) each _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.
- -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
+ -\b-q\bq Suppresses normal output (quiet mode); the return status
indicates whether the _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set or unset. If multi-
- ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
- tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
+ ple _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given with -\b-q\bq, the return sta-
+ tus is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are enabled; non-zero other-
wise.
- -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
+ -\b-o\bo Restricts the values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to be those defined for
the -\b-o\bo option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin.
- If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
- shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
- Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
+ If either -\b-s\bs or -\b-u\bu is used with no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt
+ shows only those options which are set or unset, respectively.
+ Unless otherwise noted, the s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options are disabled (unset)
by default.
- The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
- are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
- options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
+ The return status when listing options is zero if all _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
+ are enabled, non-zero otherwise. When setting or unsetting
+ options, the return status is zero unless an _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a
valid shell option.
The list of s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt options is:
- a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
- is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
+ a\bau\but\bto\boc\bcd\bd If set, a command name that is the name of a directory
+ is executed as if it were the argument to the c\bcd\bd com-
mand. This option is only used by interactive shells.
c\bcd\bda\bab\bbl\ble\be_\b_v\bva\bar\brs\bs
- If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
- not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
+ If set, an argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin command that is
+ not a directory is assumed to be the name of a variable
whose value is the directory to change to.
c\bcd\bds\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory com-
- ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
+ ponent in a c\bcd\bd command will be corrected. The errors
checked for are transposed characters, a missing charac-
- ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
- found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
- mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
+ ter, and one character too many. If a correction is
+ found, the corrected filename is printed, and the com-
+ mand proceeds. This option is only used by interactive
shells.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkh\bha\bas\bsh\bh
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks that a command found in the hash ta-
- ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
- command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
+ ble exists before trying to execute it. If a hashed
+ command no longer exists, a normal path search is per-
formed.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkj\bjo\bob\bbs\bs
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh lists the status of any stopped and running
- jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
+ jobs before exiting an interactive shell. If any jobs
are running, this causes the exit to be deferred until a
- second exit is attempted without an intervening command
- (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
+ second exit is attempted without an intervening command
+ (see J\bJO\bOB\bB C\bCO\bON\bNT\bTR\bRO\bOL\bL above). The shell always postpones
exiting if any jobs are stopped.
c\bch\bhe\bec\bck\bkw\bwi\bin\bns\bsi\biz\bze\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
- and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh checks the window size after each command
+ and, if necessary, updates the values of L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bES\bS and C\bCO\bOL\bL-\b-
U\bUM\bMN\bNS\bS.
- c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
- line command in the same history entry. This allows
+ c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to save all lines of a multiple-
+ line command in the same history entry. This allows
easy re-editing of multi-line commands.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b31\b1
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.1
- with respect to quoted arguments to the [\b[[\b[ conditional
+ with respect to quoted arguments to the [\b[[\b[ conditional
command's =\b=~\b~ operator.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt3\b32\b2
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 3.2
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators.
- Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators.
+ Bash versions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bm_\bp(3); bash-4.1 and later use the current locale's
collation sequence and _\bs_\bt_\br_\bc_\bo_\bl_\bl(3).
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b40\b0
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh changes its behavior to that of version 4.0
- with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
- using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
- (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
+ with respect to locale-specific string comparison when
+ using the [\b[[\b[ conditional command's <\b< and >\b> operators
+ (see previous item) and the effect of interrupting a
command list.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpa\bat\bt4\b41\b1
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in posix mode, treats a single quote
- in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
- character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
- ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
- considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
- through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh, when in posix mode, treats a single quote
+ in a double-quoted parameter expansion as a special
+ character. The single quotes must match (an even num-
+ ber) and the characters between the single quotes are
+ considered quoted. This is the behavior of posix mode
+ through version 4.1. The default bash behavior remains
as in previous versions.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be_\b_f\bfu\bul\bll\blq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
- names and directory names when performing completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh quotes all shell metacharacters in file-
+ names and directory names when performing completion.
If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh removes metacharacters such as the dol-
- lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
- in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
- in shell variable references in words to be completed.
- This means that dollar signs in variable names that
- expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
- dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
- either. This is active only when bash is using back-
- slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
- set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
+ lar sign from the set of characters that will be quoted
+ in completed filenames when these metacharacters appear
+ in shell variable references in words to be completed.
+ This means that dollar signs in variable names that
+ expand to directories will not be quoted; however, any
+ dollar signs appearing in filenames will not be quoted,
+ either. This is active only when bash is using back-
+ slashes to quote completed filenames. This variable is
+ set by default, which is the default bash behavior in
versions through 4.2.
d\bdi\bir\bre\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
- of word expansion when performing filename completion.
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh replaces directory names with the results
+ of word expansion when performing filename completion.
This changes the contents of the readline editing
- buffer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
+ buffer. If not set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts to preserve what the
user typed.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bsp\bpe\bel\bll\bl
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
- names during word completion if the directory name ini-
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh attempts spelling correction on directory
+ names during word completion if the directory name ini-
tially supplied does not exist.
- d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
+ d\bdo\bot\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh includes filenames beginning with a `.' in
the results of pathname expansion.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl
If set, a non-interactive shell will not exit if it can-
- not execute the file specified as an argument to the
- e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
+ not execute the file specified as an argument to the
+ e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command. An interactive shell does not
exit if e\bex\bxe\bec\bc fails.
e\bex\bxp\bpa\ban\bnd\bd_\b_a\bal\bli\bia\bas\bse\bes\bs
- If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
+ If set, aliases are expanded as described above under
A\bAL\bLI\bIA\bAS\bSE\bES\bS. This option is enabled by default for interac-
tive shells.
e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg
- If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
+ If set, behavior intended for use by debuggers is
enabled:
1\b1.\b. The -\b-F\bF option to the d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be builtin displays the
source file name and line number corresponding to
each function name supplied as an argument.
- 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
+ 2\b2.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ non-zero value, the next command is skipped and
not executed.
- 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
- value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
- routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
- cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
+ 3\b3.\b. If the command run by the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap returns a
+ value of 2, and the shell is executing in a sub-
+ routine (a shell function or a shell script exe-
+ cuted by the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins), a call to
r\bre\bet\btu\bur\brn\bn is simulated.
- 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
+ 4\b4.\b. B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGC\bC and B\bBA\bAS\bSH\bH_\b_A\bAR\bRG\bGV\bV are updated as described
in their descriptions above.
- 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
+ 5\b5.\b. Function tracing is enabled: command substitu-
tion, shell functions, and subshells invoked with
(\b( _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps.
- 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
- shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
+ 6\b6.\b. Error tracing is enabled: command substitution,
+ shell functions, and subshells invoked with (\b(
_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd )\b) inherit the E\bER\bRR\bR trap.
e\bex\bxt\btg\bgl\blo\bob\bb If set, the extended pattern matching features described
above under P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn are enabled.
e\bex\bxt\btq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be
- If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
- within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
+ If set, $\b$'_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg' and $\b$"_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg" quoting is performed
+ within $\b${\b{_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bt_\be_\br}\b} expansions enclosed in double
quotes. This option is enabled by default.
f\bfa\bai\bil\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
+ If set, patterns which fail to match filenames during
pathname expansion result in an expansion error.
f\bfo\bor\brc\bce\be_\b_f\bfi\big\bgn\bno\bor\bre\be
- If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
- variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
+ If set, the suffixes specified by the F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE shell
+ variable cause words to be ignored when performing word
completion even if the ignored words are the only possi-
ble completions. See S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL V\bVA\bAR\bRI\bIA\bAB\bBL\bLE\bES\bS above for a
- description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
+ description of F\bFI\bIG\bGN\bNO\bOR\bRE\bE. This option is enabled by
default.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bba\bas\bsc\bci\bii\bir\bra\ban\bng\bge\bes\bs
- If set, range expressions used in pattern matching (see
- P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave as if in the traditional
+ If set, range expressions used in pattern matching (see
+ P\bPa\bat\btt\bte\ber\brn\bn M\bMa\bat\btc\bch\bhi\bin\bng\bg above) behave as if in the traditional
C locale when performing comparisons. That is, the cur-
- rent locale's collating sequence is not taken into
- account, so b\bb will not collate between A\bA and B\bB, and
- upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate
+ rent locale's collating sequence is not taken into
+ account, so b\bb will not collate between A\bA and B\bB, and
+ upper-case and lower-case ASCII characters will collate
together.
g\bgl\blo\bob\bbs\bst\bta\bar\br
If set, the pattern *\b**\b* used in a pathname expansion con-
- text will match all files and zero or more directories
- and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
+ text will match all files and zero or more directories
+ and subdirectories. If the pattern is followed by a /\b/,
only directories and subdirectories match.
g\bgn\bnu\bu_\b_e\ber\brr\brf\bfm\bmt\bt
If set, shell error messages are written in the standard
GNU error message format.
h\bhi\bis\bst\bta\bap\bpp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd
- If set, the history list is appended to the file named
- by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
+ If set, the history list is appended to the file named
+ by the value of the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE variable when the shell
exits, rather than overwriting the file.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btr\bre\bee\bed\bdi\bit\bt
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, a user is given the
opportunity to re-edit a failed history substitution.
h\bhi\bis\bst\btv\bve\ber\bri\bif\bfy\by
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
- tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
- shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, the results of his-
+ tory substitution are not immediately passed to the
+ shell parser. Instead, the resulting line is loaded
into the r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be editing buffer, allowing further modi-
fication.
h\bho\bos\bst\btc\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be
If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will attempt to
- perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
- is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
+ perform hostname completion when a word containing a @\b@
+ is being completed (see C\bCo\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bin\bng\bg under R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE
above). This is enabled by default.
h\bhu\bup\bpo\bon\bne\bex\bxi\bit\bt
If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will send S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP to all jobs when an inter-
active login shell exits.
i\bin\bnt\bte\ber\bra\bac\bct\bti\biv\bve\be_\b_c\bco\bom\bmm\bme\ben\bnt\bts\bs
If set, allow a word beginning with #\b# to cause that word
- and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
- in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
+ and all remaining characters on that line to be ignored
+ in an interactive shell (see C\bCO\bOM\bMM\bME\bEN\bNT\bTS\bS above). This
option is enabled by default.
l\bla\bas\bst\btp\bpi\bip\bpe\be
- If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
+ If set, and job control is not active, the shell runs
the last command of a pipeline not executed in the back-
ground in the current shell environment.
- l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
+ l\bli\bit\bth\bhi\bis\bst\bt If set, and the c\bcm\bmd\bdh\bhi\bis\bst\bt option is enabled, multi-line
commands are saved to the history with embedded newlines
rather than using semicolon separators where possible.
l\blo\bog\bgi\bin\bn_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
- shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
+ The shell sets this option if it is started as a login
+ shell (see I\bIN\bNV\bVO\bOC\bCA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). The value may not be
changed.
m\bma\bai\bil\blw\bwa\bar\brn\bn
- If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
- been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
- message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
+ If set, and a file that b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is checking for mail has
+ been accessed since the last time it was checked, the
+ message ``The mail in _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be has been read'' is dis-
played.
n\bno\bo_\b_e\bem\bmp\bpt\bty\by_\b_c\bcm\bmd\bd_\b_c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bti\bio\bon\bn
- If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
+ If set, and r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh will not
attempt to search the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH for possible completions when
completion is attempted on an empty line.
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\beg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches filenames in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing pathname expansion (see P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be
E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above).
n\bno\boc\bca\bas\bse\bem\bma\bat\btc\bch\bh
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh matches patterns in a case-insensitive
fashion when performing matching while executing c\bca\bas\bse\be or
[\b[[\b[ conditional commands.
n\bnu\bul\bll\blg\bgl\blo\bob\bb
- If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
- P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
+ If set, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh allows patterns which match no files (see
+ P\bPa\bat\bth\bhn\bna\bam\bme\be E\bEx\bxp\bpa\ban\bns\bsi\bio\bon\bn above) to expand to a null string,
rather than themselves.
p\bpr\bro\bog\bgc\bco\bom\bmp\bp
If set, the programmable completion facilities (see P\bPr\bro\bo-\b-
enabled by default.
p\bpr\bro\bom\bmp\bpt\btv\bva\bar\brs\bs
If set, prompt strings undergo parameter expansion, com-
- mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
- removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
+ mand substitution, arithmetic expansion, and quote
+ removal after being expanded as described in P\bPR\bRO\bOM\bMP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bNG\bG
above. This option is enabled by default.
r\bre\bes\bst\btr\bri\bic\bct\bte\bed\bd_\b_s\bsh\bhe\bel\bll\bl
- The shell sets this option if it is started in
+ The shell sets this option if it is started in
restricted mode (see R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL below). The value
- may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
- files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
+ may not be changed. This is not reset when the startup
+ files are executed, allowing the startup files to dis-
cover whether or not a shell is restricted.
s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt_\b_v\bve\ber\brb\bbo\bos\bse\be
- If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
+ If set, the s\bsh\bhi\bif\bft\bt builtin prints an error message when
the shift count exceeds the number of positional parame-
ters.
s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\bep\bpa\bat\bth\bh
If set, the s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be (.\b.) builtin uses the value of P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH to
- find the directory containing the file supplied as an
+ find the directory containing the file supplied as an
argument. This option is enabled by default.
x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo
- If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
+ If set, the e\bec\bch\bho\bo builtin expands backslash-escape
sequences by default.
s\bsu\bus\bsp\bpe\ben\bnd\bd [-\b-f\bf]
- Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
+ Suspend the execution of this shell until it receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGC\bCO\bON\bNT\bT
signal. A login shell cannot be suspended; the -\b-f\bf option can be
used to override this and force the suspension. The return sta-
- tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
+ tus is 0 unless the shell is a login shell and -\b-f\bf is not sup-
plied, or if job control is not enabled.
t\bte\bes\bst\bt _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
[\b[ _\be_\bx_\bp_\br ]\b]
Return a status of 0 (true) or 1 (false) depending on the evalu-
ation of the conditional expression _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. Each operator and op-
- erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
- the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
- t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
+ erand must be a separate argument. Expressions are composed of
+ the primaries described above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS.
+ t\bte\bes\bst\bt does not accept any options, nor does it accept and ignore
an argument of -\b--\b- as signifying the end of options.
- Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
+ Expressions may be combined using the following operators,
listed in decreasing order of precedence. The evaluation
- depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
+ depends on the number of arguments; see below. Operator prece-
dence is used when there are five or more arguments.
!\b! _\be_\bx_\bp_\br True if _\be_\bx_\bp_\br is false.
(\b( _\be_\bx_\bp_\br )\b)
- Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
+ Returns the value of _\be_\bx_\bp_\br. This may be used to override
the normal precedence of operators.
_\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 -a\ba _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2
True if both _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b1 and _\be_\bx_\bp_\br_\b2 are true.
null.
2 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the expression is true if and
- only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
- ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
- above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
+ only if the second argument is null. If the first argu-
+ ment is one of the unary conditional operators listed
+ above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the expression is
true if the unary test is true. If the first argument is
not a valid unary conditional operator, the expression is
false.
3 arguments
The following conditions are applied in the order listed.
- If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
+ If the second argument is one of the binary conditional
operators listed above under C\bCO\bON\bND\bDI\bIT\bTI\bIO\bON\bNA\bAL\bL E\bEX\bXP\bPR\bRE\bES\bSS\bSI\bIO\bON\bNS\bS, the
result of the expression is the result of the binary test
- using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
- and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
- there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
- the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
+ using the first and third arguments as operands. The -\b-a\ba
+ and -\b-o\bo operators are considered binary operators when
+ there are three arguments. If the first argument is !\b!,
+ the value is the negation of the two-argument test using
the second and third arguments. If the first argument is
exactly (\b( and the third argument is exactly )\b), the result
- is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
+ is the one-argument test of the second argument. Other-
wise, the expression is false.
4 arguments
If the first argument is !\b!, the result is the negation of
- the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
+ the three-argument expression composed of the remaining
arguments. Otherwise, the expression is parsed and eval-
- uated according to precedence using the rules listed
+ uated according to precedence using the rules listed
above.
5 or more arguments
- The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
+ The expression is parsed and evaluated according to
precedence using the rules listed above.
- When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
+ When used with t\bte\bes\bst\bt or [\b[, the <\b< and >\b> operators sort lexico-
graphically using ASCII ordering.
- t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
+ t\bti\bim\bme\bes\bs Print the accumulated user and system times for the shell and
for processes run from the shell. The return status is 0.
t\btr\bra\bap\bp [-\b-l\blp\bp] [[_\ba_\br_\bg] _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
- receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
- single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
- original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
- shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
- _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
- If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
- commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
- arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
- list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
- causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
- responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
- defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
+ The command _\ba_\br_\bg is to be read and executed when the shell
+ receives signal(s) _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. If _\ba_\br_\bg is absent (and there is a
+ single _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc) or -\b-, each specified signal is reset to its
+ original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the
+ shell). If _\ba_\br_\bg is the null string the signal specified by each
+ _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
+ If _\ba_\br_\bg is not present and -\b-p\bp has been supplied, then the trap
+ commands associated with each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc are displayed. If no
+ arguments are supplied or if only -\b-p\bp is given, t\btr\bra\bap\bp prints the
+ list of commands associated with each signal. The -\b-l\bl option
+ causes the shell to print a list of signal names and their cor-
+ responding numbers. Each _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a signal name
+ defined in <_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\ba_\bl_\b._\bh>, or a signal number. Signal names are
case insensitive and the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix is optional.
- If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
- from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
- cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
- _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
- first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
- above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
+ If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT (0) the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed on exit
+ from the shell. If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is exe-
+ cuted before every _\bs_\bi_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd, _\bf_\bo_\br command, _\bc_\ba_\bs_\be command,
+ _\bs_\be_\bl_\be_\bc_\bt command, every arithmetic _\bf_\bo_\br command, and before the
+ first command executes in a shell function (see S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL G\bGR\bRA\bAM\bMM\bMA\bAR\bR
+ above). Refer to the description of the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg option to the
s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt builtin for details of its effect on the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG trap. If a
_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed each time a shell
function or a script executed with the .\b. or s\bso\bou\bur\brc\bce\be builtins fin-
If a _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is E\bER\bRR\bR, the command _\ba_\br_\bg is executed whenever a sim-
ple command has a non-zero exit status, subject to the following
- conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
- is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
- u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
- command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
- value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
+ conditions. The E\bER\bRR\bR trap is not executed if the failed command
+ is part of the command list immediately following a w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be or
+ u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl keyword, part of the test in an _\bi_\bf statement, part of a
+ command executed in a &\b&&\b& or |\b||\b| list, or if the command's return
+ value is being inverted via !\b!. These are the same conditions
obeyed by the e\ber\brr\bre\bex\bxi\bit\bt option.
- Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
- reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
+ Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or
+ reset. Trapped signals that are not being ignored are reset to
their original values in a subshell or subshell environment when
- one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
+ one is created. The return status is false if any _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is
invalid; otherwise t\btr\bra\bap\bp returns true.
t\bty\byp\bpe\be [-\b-a\baf\bft\btp\bpP\bP] _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
+ With no options, indicate how each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be would be interpreted if
used as a command name. If the -\b-t\bt option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints a
- string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
- builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
- then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
- returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
+ string which is one of _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs, _\bk_\be_\by_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn, _\bb_\bu_\bi_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bn, or
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an alias, shell reserved word, function,
+ builtin, or disk file, respectively. If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found,
+ then nothing is printed, and an exit status of false is
+ returned. If the -\b-p\bp option is used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be either returns the
name of the disk file that would be executed if _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be were speci-
fied as a command name, or nothing if ``type -t name'' would not
- return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
+ return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. The -\b-P\bP option forces a P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH search for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be,
even if ``type -t name'' would not return _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be. If a command is
hashed, -\b-p\bp and -\b-P\bP print the hashed value, which is not necessar-
- ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
- used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
+ ily the file that appears first in P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH. If the -\b-a\ba option is
+ used, t\bty\byp\bpe\be prints all of the places that contain an executable
named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. This includes aliases and functions, if and only if
the -\b-p\bp option is not also used. The table of hashed commands is
- not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
+ not consulted when using -\b-a\ba. The -\b-f\bf option suppresses shell
function lookup, as with the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin. t\bty\byp\bpe\be returns true
if all of the arguments are found, false if any are not found.
u\bul\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bt [-\b-H\bHS\bST\bTa\bab\bbc\bcd\bde\bef\bfi\bil\blm\bmn\bnp\bpq\bqr\brs\bst\btu\buv\bvx\bx [_\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt]]
- Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
- to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
+ Provides control over the resources available to the shell and
+ to processes started by it, on systems that allow such control.
The -\b-H\bH and -\b-S\bS options specify that the hard or soft limit is set
- for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
- non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
- to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
+ for the given resource. A hard limit cannot be increased by a
+ non-root user once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up
+ to the value of the hard limit. If neither -\b-H\bH nor -\b-S\bS is speci-
fied, both the soft and hard limits are set. The value of _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt
can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of
the special values h\bha\bar\brd\bd, s\bso\bof\bft\bt, or u\bun\bnl\bli\bim\bmi\bit\bte\bed\bd, which stand for the
- current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
- respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
- soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
+ current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit,
+ respectively. If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is omitted, the current value of the
+ soft limit of the resource is printed, unless the -\b-H\bH option is
given. When more than one resource is specified, the limit name
and unit are printed before the value. Other options are inter-
preted as follows:
-\b-c\bc The maximum size of core files created
-\b-d\bd The maximum size of a process's data segment
-\b-e\be The maximum scheduling priority ("nice")
- -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
+ -\b-f\bf The maximum size of files written by the shell and its
children
-\b-i\bi The maximum number of pending signals
-\b-l\bl The maximum size that may be locked into memory
- -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
+ -\b-m\bm The maximum resident set size (many systems do not honor
this limit)
-\b-n\bn The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems
do not allow this value to be set)
-\b-r\br The maximum real-time scheduling priority
-\b-s\bs The maximum stack size
-\b-t\bt The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds
- -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
+ -\b-u\bu The maximum number of processes available to a single
user
- -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
+ -\b-v\bv The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the
shell and, on some systems, to its children
-\b-x\bx The maximum number of file locks
-\b-T\bT The maximum number of threads
- If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
- new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
- then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
- for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte
- blocks; and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The
- return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is sup-
+ If _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is given, and the -\b-a\ba option is not used, _\bl_\bi_\bm_\bi_\bt is the
+ new value of the specified resource. If no option is given,
+ then -\b-f\bf is assumed. Values are in 1024-byte increments, except
+ for -\b-t\bt, which is in seconds; -\b-p\bp, which is in units of 512-byte
+ blocks; and -\b-T\bT, -\b-b\bb, -\b-n\bn, and -\b-u\bu, which are unscaled values. The
+ return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is sup-
plied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
u\bum\bma\bas\bsk\bk [-\b-p\bp] [-\b-S\bS] [_\bm_\bo_\bd_\be]
The user file-creation mask is set to _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be. If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be begins with
- a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
- interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
- _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
- printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
- bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
+ a digit, it is interpreted as an octal number; otherwise it is
+ interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that accepted by
+ _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1). If _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the current value of the mask is
+ printed. The -\b-S\bS option causes the mask to be printed in sym-
+ bolic form; the default output is an octal number. If the -\b-p\bp
option is supplied, and _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be is omitted, the output is in a form
that may be reused as input. The return status is 0 if the mode
- was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
+ was successfully changed or if no _\bm_\bo_\bd_\be argument was supplied,
and false otherwise.
u\bun\bna\bal\bli\bia\bas\bs [-a\ba] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
- supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
+ Remove each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from the list of defined aliases. If -\b-a\ba is
+ supplied, all alias definitions are removed. The return value
is true unless a supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a defined alias.
u\bun\bns\bse\bet\bt [-f\bfv\bv] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
+ For each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, remove the corresponding variable or function.
If the -\b-v\bv option is given, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell variable,
- and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
- unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
+ and that variable is removed. Read-only variables may not be
+ unset. If -\b-f\bf is specified, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a shell func-
tion, and the function definition is removed. If no options are
- supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
- able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
- unset variable or function is removed from the environment
- passed to subsequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bN-\b-
+ supplied, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be refers to a variable; if there is no vari-
+ able by that name, any function with that name is unset. Each
+ unset variable or function is removed from the environment
+ passed to subsequent commands. If any of C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bP_\b_W\bWO\bOR\bRD\bDB\bBR\bRE\bEA\bAK\bKS\bS, R\bRA\bAN\bN-\b-
D\bDO\bOM\bM, S\bSE\bEC\bCO\bON\bND\bDS\bS, L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bEN\bNO\bO, H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTC\bCM\bMD\bD, F\bFU\bUN\bNC\bCN\bNA\bAM\bME\bE, G\bGR\bRO\bOU\bUP\bPS\bS, or D\bDI\bIR\bRS\bST\bTA\bAC\bCK\bK are
unset, they lose their special properties, even if they are sub-
sequently reset. The exit status is true unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is read-
only.
w\bwa\bai\bit\bt [_\bn _\b._\b._\b.]
- Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
- tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
- job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
- waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
- cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
- specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
- 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
+ Wait for each specified process and return its termination sta-
+ tus. Each _\bn may be a process ID or a job specification; if a
+ job spec is given, all processes in that job's pipeline are
+ waited for. If _\bn is not given, all currently active child pro-
+ cesses are waited for, and the return status is zero. If _\bn
+ specifies a non-existent process or job, the return status is
+ 127. Otherwise, the return status is the exit status of the
last process or job waited for.
R\bRE\bES\bST\bTR\bRI\bIC\bCT\bTE\bED\bD S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bL
If b\bba\bas\bsh\bh is started with the name r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh, or the -\b-r\br option is supplied at
- invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
- to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
- behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
+ invocation, the shell becomes restricted. A restricted shell is used
+ to set up an environment more controlled than the standard shell. It
+ behaves identically to b\bba\bas\bsh\bh with the exception that the following are
disallowed or not performed:
+\bo changing directories with c\bcd\bd
+\bo specifying command names containing /\b/
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a /\b/ as an argument to the .\b.
builtin command
- +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
+ +\bo specifying a filename containing a slash as an argument to the
-\b-p\bp option to the h\bha\bas\bsh\bh builtin command
- +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
+ +\bo importing function definitions from the shell environment at
startup
- +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
+ +\bo parsing the value of S\bSH\bHE\bEL\bLL\bLO\bOP\bPT\bTS\bS from the shell environment at
startup
+\bo redirecting output using the >, >|, <>, >&, &>, and >> redirect-
+\bo using the e\bex\bxe\bec\bc builtin command to replace the shell with another
command
- +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
+ +\bo adding or deleting builtin commands with the -\b-f\bf and -\b-d\bd options
to the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command
- +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
+ +\bo using the e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be builtin command to enable disabled shell
builtins
+\bo specifying the -\b-p\bp option to the c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd builtin command
These restrictions are enforced after any startup files are read.
When a command that is found to be a shell script is executed (see C\bCO\bOM\bM-\b-
- M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
+ M\bMA\bAN\bND\bD E\bEX\bXE\bEC\bCU\bUT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above), r\brb\bba\bas\bsh\bh turns off any restrictions in the shell
spawned to execute the script.
S\bSE\bEE\bE A\bAL\bLS\bSO\bO
_\bB_\ba_\bs_\bh _\bR_\be_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bR_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
_\bT_\bh_\be _\bG_\bn_\bu _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by _\bL_\bi_\bb_\br_\ba_\br_\by, Brian Fox and Chet Ramey
- _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
+ _\bP_\bo_\br_\bt_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be _\bO_\bp_\be_\br_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bf_\ba_\bc_\be _\b(_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bX_\b) _\bP_\ba_\br_\bt _\b2_\b: _\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bi_\b-
_\bt_\bi_\be_\bs, IEEE
_\bs_\bh(1), _\bk_\bs_\bh(1), _\bc_\bs_\bh(1)
_\be_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs(1), _\bv_\bi(1)
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\br_\bc
The individual per-interactive-shell startup file
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b__\bl_\bo_\bg_\bo_\bu_\bt
- The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
+ The individual login shell cleanup file, executed when a login
shell exits
_\b~_\b/_\b._\bi_\bn_\bp_\bu_\bt_\br_\bc
Individual _\br_\be_\ba_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\be initialization file
B\bBU\bUG\bG R\bRE\bEP\bPO\bOR\bRT\bTS\bS
If you find a bug in b\bba\bas\bsh\bh,\b, you should report it. But first, you should
- make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
- version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
+ make sure that it really is a bug, and that it appears in the latest
+ version of b\bba\bas\bsh\bh. The latest version is always available from
_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b:_\b/_\b/_\bf_\bt_\bp_\b._\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg_\b/_\bp_\bu_\bb_\b/_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b/_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b/.
- Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
- command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
- to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
- be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
+ Once you have determined that a bug actually exists, use the _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg
+ command to submit a bug report. If you have a fix, you are encouraged
+ to mail that as well! Suggestions and `philosophical' bug reports may
+ be mailed to _\bb_\bu_\bg_\b-_\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\b@_\bg_\bn_\bu_\b._\bo_\br_\bg or posted to the Usenet newsgroup
g\bgn\bnu\bu.\b.b\bba\bas\bsh\bh.\b.b\bbu\bug\bg.
ALL bug reports should include:
A description of the bug behaviour
A short script or `recipe' which exercises the bug
- _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
+ _\bb_\ba_\bs_\bh_\bb_\bu_\bg inserts the first three items automatically into the template
it provides for filing a bug report.
Comments and bug reports concerning this manual page should be directed
Shell builtin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.
Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' are not
- handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
- process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
- the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
- parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
+ handled gracefully when process suspension is attempted. When a
+ process is stopped, the shell immediately executes the next command in
+ the sequence. It suffices to place the sequence of commands between
+ parentheses to force it into a subshell, which may be stopped as a
unit.
Array variables may not (yet) be exported.
-GNU Bash 4.2 2011 September 25 BASH(1)
+GNU Bash 4.2 2011 December 24 BASH(1)
.\" Case Western Reserve University
.\" chet@po.cwru.edu
.\"
-.\" Last Change: Wed Dec 21 20:32:29 EST 2011
+.\" Last Change: Sat Dec 24 15:51:37 EST 2011
.\"
.\" bash_builtins, strip all but Built-Ins section
.if \n(zZ=1 .ig zZ
.if \n(zY=1 .ig zY
-.TH BASH 1 "2011 December 21" "GNU Bash 4.2"
+.TH BASH 1 "2011 December 24" "GNU Bash 4.2"
.\"
.\" There's some problem with having a `@'
.\" in a tagged paragraph with the BSD man macros.
This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in \fIparameter\fP.
The \fIpattern\fP is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
pathname expansion.
+Each character in the expanded value of \fIparameter\fP is tested against
+\fIpattern\fP, and, if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.
+The pattern should not attempt to match more than one character.
The \fB^\fP operator converts lowercase letters matching \fIpattern\fP
to uppercase; the \fB,\fP operator converts matching uppercase letters
to lowercase.
.SM
.B CDPATH
defines the search path for the directory containing
-.IR dir .
+.IR dir :
+each directory name in
+.SM
+.B CDPATH
+is searched for \fIdir\fP.
Alternative directory names in
.SM
.B CDPATH
.B CDPATH
is not used. The
.B \-P
-option says to use the physical directory structure instead of
-following symbolic links (see also the
+option causes \fBcd\fP to use the physical directory structure
+by resolving symbolic links while traversing \fIdir\fP and
+before processing instances of \fI..\fP in \fIdir\fP (see also the
.B \-P
option to the
.B set
builtin command); the
.B \-L
-option forces symbolic links to be followed.
+option forces symbolic links to be followed by resolving the link
+after processing instances of \fI..\fP in \fIdir\fP.
+If \fI..\fP appears in \fIdir\fP, it is processed by removing the
+immediately previous pathname component from \fIdir\fP, back to a slash
+or the beginning of \fIdir\fP.
If the
.B \-e
option is supplied with
default when the shell is interactive.
.TP 8
.B \-P
-If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when executing
+If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when executing
commands such as
.B cd
that change the current working directory. It uses the
</HEAD>
<BODY><TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2011 September 25<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>BASH(1)<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2011 December 24<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<BR><A HREF="#index">Index</A>
<B>bash</B>
[options]
-[file]
+[command_string | file]
<A NAME="lbAD"> </A>
<H3>COPYRIGHT</H3>
<DL COMPACT>
-<DT><B>-c</B><I> string</I>
+<DT><B>-c</B>
<DD>
If the
<B>-c</B>
-option is present, then commands are read from
-<I>string</I>.
+option is present, then commands are read from the first non-option argument
+<I>command_string</I>.
If there are arguments after the
-<I>string</I>,
+<I>command_string</I>,
they are assigned to the positional parameters, starting with
<B>$0</B>.
of alphabetic characters.
Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion
to be matched as a string.
+Bracket expressions in regular expressions must be treated carefully,
+since normal quoting characters lose their meanings between brackets.
+If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting the variable
+expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string.
Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
expression are saved in the array variable
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>BASH_REMATCH</B>.
An array variable from which <B>bash</B> reads the possible completions
generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
facility (see <B>Programmable Completion</B> below).
+Each array element contains one possible completion.
<DT><B>EMACS</B>
<DD>
<DD>
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this
variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
-necessary, by removing the oldest entries,
-to contain no more than that number of lines. The default
-value is 500. The history file is also truncated to this size after
+necessary,
+to contain no more than that number of lines by removing the oldest entries.
+The history file is also truncated to this size after
writing it when an interactive shell exits.
+If the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
+Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit truncation.
+The shell sets the default value to the value of <B>HISTSIZE</B>
+after reading any startup files.
<DT><B>HISTIGNORE</B>
<DD>
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTORY</B>
</FONT>
-below). The default value is 500.
+below).
+If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list.
+Numeric values less than zero result in every command being saved
+on the history list (there is no limit).
+The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup files.
<DT><B>HISTTIMEFORMAT</B>
<DD>
This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in <I>parameter</I>.
The <I>pattern</I> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
pathname expansion.
+Each character in the expanded value of <I>parameter</I> is tested against
+<I>pattern</I>, and, if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.
+The pattern should not attempt to match more than one character.
The <B>^</B> operator converts lowercase letters matching <I>pattern</I>
to uppercase; the <B>,</B> operator converts matching uppercase letters
to lowercase.
<DD>
Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters
in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
+<B>print-last-kbd-macro ()</B>
+
+Print the last keyboard macro defined in a format suitable for the
+<I>inputrc</I> file.
</DL>
<A NAME="lbCU"> </A>
</FONT>
variables are also set.
-When the function or command is invoked, the first argument is the
-name of the command whose arguments are being completed, the
-second argument is the word being completed, and the third argument
-is the word preceding the word being completed on the current command line.
+When the function or command is invoked,
+the first argument (<B>$1</B>) is the name of the command whose arguments are
+being completed,
+the second argument (<B>$2</B>) is the word being completed,
+and the third argument (<B>$3</B>) is the word preceding the word being
+completed on the current command line.
No filtering of the generated completions against the word being completed
is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating
the matches.
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMPREPLY</B>
</FONT>
-array variable.
+array variable, one per array element.
<P>
Next, any command specified with the <B>-C</B> option is invoked
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILESIZE</B>.
</FONT>
+If <B>HISTFILESIZE</B> is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value,
+or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated.
When the history file is read,
lines beginning with the history comment character followed immediately
by a digit are interpreted as timestamps for the preceding history line.
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HISTFILESIZE</B>
</FONT>
-is not set, no truncation is performed.
+is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value,
+or a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated.
<P>
The builtin command
<DT><B>!?</B><I>string</I><B>[?]</B>
<DD>
-Refer to the most recent command preceding the current postition in the
+Refer to the most recent command preceding the current position in the
history list containing
<I>string</I>.
returns 0 unless run when job control is disabled or, when run with
job control enabled, any specified <I>jobspec</I> was not found
or was started without job control.
-<DT><B>bind</B> [<B>-m</B> <I>keymap</I>] [<B>-lpsvPSV</B>]<DD>
+<DT><B>bind</B> [<B>-m</B> <I>keymap</I>] [<B>-lpsvPSVX</B>]<DD>
<DT><B>bind</B> [<B>-m</B> <I>keymap</I>] [<B>-q</B> <I>function</I>] [<B>-u</B> <I>function</I>] [<B>-r</B> <I>keyseq</I>]<DD>
<DT><B>bind</B> [<B>-m</B> <I>keymap</I>] <B>-f</B> <I>filename</I><DD>
</FONT>
those new values will be reflected in the editing state.
+<DT><B>-X</B>
+
+<DD>
+List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands
+in a format that can be reused as input.
</DL>
<P>
call or <I>expr</I> does not correspond to a valid position in the
call stack.
<DT><B>cd</B> [<B>-L</B>|[<B>-P</B> [<B>-e</B>]]] [<I>dir</I>]<DD>
-Change the current directory to <I>dir</I>. The variable
+Change the current directory to <I>dir</I>.
+if <I>dir</I> is not supplied, the value of the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>HOME</B>
</FONT>
-is the
-default
-<I>dir</I>.
-
+shell variable is the default.
+Any additional arguments following <I>dir</I> are ignored.
The variable
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>
</FONT>
defines the search path for the directory containing
-<I>dir</I>.
+<I>dir</I>:
+
+each directory name in
+<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>
+</FONT>
+is searched for <I>dir</I>.
Alternative directory names in
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>CDPATH</B>
is not used. The
<B>-P</B>
-option says to use the physical directory structure instead of
-following symbolic links (see also the
+option causes <B>cd</B> to use the physical directory structure
+by resolving symbolic links while traversing <I>dir</I> and
+before processing instances of <I>..</I> in <I>dir</I> (see also the
<B>-P</B>
option to the
builtin command); the
<B>-L</B>
-option forces symbolic links to be followed.
+option forces symbolic links to be followed by resolving the link
+after processing instances of <I>..</I> in <I>dir</I>.
+If <I>..</I> appears in <I>dir</I>, it is processed by removing the
+immediately previous pathname component from <I>dir</I>, back to a slash
+or the beginning of <I>dir</I>.
If the
<B>-e</B>
filename-specific processing (like adding a slash to directory names,
quoting special characters, or suppressing trailing spaces).
Intended to be used with shell functions.
+<DT><B>noquote</B>
+
+<DD>
+Tell readline not to quote the completed words if they are filenames
+(quoting filenames is the default).
<DT><B>nospace</B>
<DD>
<DT><B>-F</B> <I>function</I><DD>
The shell function <I>function</I> is executed in the current shell
environment.
+When the function is executed,
+the first argument (<B>$1</B>) is the name of the command whose arguments are
+being completed,
+the second argument (<B>$2</B>) is the word being completed,
+and the third argument (<B>$3</B>) is the word preceding the word being
+completed on the current command line.
When it finishes, the possible completions are retrieved from the value
of the
<FONT SIZE=-1><B>COMPREPLY</B>
</FONT>
The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, <B>read</B>
-times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), or an
-invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to <B>-u</B>.
+times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128),
+a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs,
+or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to <B>-u</B>.
</DL>
<DT><B>readonly</B> [<B>-aAf</B>] [<B>-p</B>] [<I>name</I>[=<I>word</I>] ...]<DD>
<DT><B>-P</B>
<DD>
-If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when executing
+If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when executing
commands such as
<B>cd</B>
<HR>
<TABLE WIDTH=100%>
<TR>
-<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2011 September 25<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
+<TH ALIGN=LEFT width=33%>GNU Bash 4.2<TH ALIGN=CENTER width=33%>2011 December 24<TH ALIGN=RIGHT width=33%>BASH(1)
</TR>
</TABLE>
<HR>
</DL>
<HR>
This document was created by man2html from bash.1.<BR>
-Time: 24 October 2011 08:43:51 EDT
+Time: 29 December 2011 15:07:27 EST
</BODY>
</HTML>
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-(xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.654
-(cutes. If).15 F .154(the e)2.654 F .154(xpansion of the items)-.15 F
-(follo)144 108 Q(wing)-.25 E/F3 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(in)2.5 E F0
+-.35 E(The)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(&&)3.641 E F0(and)3.641 E F1
+(||)3.641 E F0 1.141(operators do not e)3.641 F -.25(va)-.25 G(luate).25
+E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF -.2(ex)3.641 G(pr).2 E(ession2)-.37 E F0 1.141
+(if the v)3.641 F 1.14(alue of)-.25 F F2 -.2(ex)3.64 G(pr).2 E(ession1)
+-.37 E F0 1.14(is suf)3.64 F 1.14(\214cient to)-.25 F
+(determine the return v)144 96 Q(alue of the entire conditional e)-.25 E
+(xpression.)-.15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 112.8 S(r).25 E F2(name)2.5 E F0 2.5
+([[)2.5 G F1(in)A F0([)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(d.)-.37 G(..)-2.5 E F0 2.5
+(]];])2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 .423
+(The list of w)144 124.8 R .423(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.923
+E F0 .423(is e)2.923 F .423(xpanded, generating a list of items.)-.15 F
+.424(The v)5.424 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(name)2.924 E F0 .424(is set to)
+2.924 F .653(each element of this list in turn, and)144 136.8 R F2(list)
+3.153 E F0 .653(is e)3.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .653(cuted each time.).15 F
+.653(If the)5.653 F F1(in)3.153 E F2(wor)3.153 E(d)-.37 E F0 .653
+(is omitted, the)3.153 F F1 -.25(fo)3.153 G(r).25 E F0 .648(command e)
+144 148.8 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cutes).15 E F2(list)3.148 E F0 .648
+(once for each positional parameter that is set \(see)3.148 F/F3 9
+/Times-Bold@0 SF -.666(PA)3.149 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.899 E(w\).)
+-.25 E .154(The return status is the e)144 160.8 R .153
+(xit status of the last command that e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.653
+(cutes. If).15 F .153(the e)2.653 F .153(xpansion of the items)-.15 F
+(follo)144 172.8 Q(wing)-.25 E F1(in)2.5 E F0
(results in an empty list, no commands are e)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
-(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F3 -.25(fo)108 124.8 S(r).25 E
-F0(\(\()2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2
-E F0(;)2.5 E F1 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F3(do)2.5 E F1
-(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0 1.236(First, the arithmetic e)
-144 136.8 R(xpression)-.15 E F1 -.2(ex)3.736 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e)
-3.736 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.235
-(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.735(wu)-.25 G
-(nder)-3.735 E F2 .561(ARITHMETIC EV)144 148.8 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)
--.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .561(The arithmetic e)
-5.061 F(xpression)-.15 E F1 -.2(ex)3.061 G(pr2).2 E F0 .562(is then e)
-3.062 F -.25(va)-.25 G .562(luated repeatedly until).25 F .592(it e)144
-160.8 R -.25(va)-.25 G .592(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.592 F
-F1 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592
-(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F1(list)3.092 E F0 .591(is e)
-3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .591(cuted and the arith-).15 F .228(metic e)144
-172.8 R(xpression)-.15 E F1 -.2(ex)2.728 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.728 F
+(cuted, and the return status is 0.).15 E F1 -.25(fo)108 189.6 S(r).25 E
+F0(\(\()2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr1).2 E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr2).2
+E F0(;)2.5 E F2 -.2(ex)2.5 G(pr3).2 E F0(\)\) ;)2.5 E F1(do)2.5 E F2
+(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0 1.235(First, the arithmetic e)
+144 201.6 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.735 G(pr1).2 E F0 1.235(is e)
+3.735 F -.25(va)-.25 G 1.236
+(luated according to the rules described belo).25 F 3.736(wu)-.25 G
+(nder)-3.736 E F3 .562(ARITHMETIC EV)144 213.6 R(ALU)-1.215 E -.855(AT)
+-.54 G(ION).855 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .562(The arithmetic e)
+5.062 F(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)3.062 G(pr2).2 E F0 .561(is then e)
+3.061 F -.25(va)-.25 G .561(luated repeatedly until).25 F .591(it e)144
+225.6 R -.25(va)-.25 G .591(luates to zero.).25 F .592(Each time)5.591 F
+F2 -.2(ex)3.092 G(pr2).2 E F0 -.25(eva)3.092 G .592
+(luates to a non-zero v).25 F(alue,)-.25 E F2(list)3.092 E F0 .592(is e)
+3.092 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .592(cuted and the arith-).15 F .229(metic e)144
+237.6 R(xpression)-.15 E F2 -.2(ex)2.729 G(pr3).2 E F0 .229(is e)2.729 F
-.25(va)-.25 G 2.729(luated. If).25 F(an)2.729 E 2.729(ye)-.15 G .229
(xpression is omitted, it beha)-2.879 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.729(sa).15 G
-2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.729(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.979 G
-.229(luates to 1.).25 F .228(The return v)144 184.8 R .228
-(alue is the e)-.25 F .228(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F1
-(list)2.728 E F0 .227(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cuted, or f)
-.15 F .227(alse if an)-.1 F 2.727(yo)-.15 G 2.727(ft)-2.727 G(he)-2.727
-E -.15(ex)144 196.8 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F3
-(select)108 213.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(in)2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)
--.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F3(do)A F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F3(done)2.5 E F0
-.432(The list of w)144 225.6 R .432(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F3(in)
-2.932 E F0 .432(is e)2.932 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.)
--.15 F .433(The set of e)5.433 F .433(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .843
-(is printed on the standard error)144 237.6 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842
+2.729(si)-2.729 G 2.729(fi)-2.729 G 2.728(te)-2.729 G -.25(va)-2.978 G
+.228(luates to 1.).25 F .227(The return v)144 249.6 R .227
+(alue is the e)-.25 F .227(xit status of the last command in)-.15 F F2
+(list)2.728 E F0 .228(that is e)2.728 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .228(cuted, or f)
+.15 F .228(alse if an)-.1 F 2.728(yo)-.15 G 2.728(ft)-2.728 G(he)-2.728
+E -.15(ex)144 261.6 S(pressions is in).15 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid.).25 E F1
+(select)108 278.4 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(in)2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)
+-.37 E F0 2.5(];)2.5 G F1(do)A F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)2.5 E F1(done)2.5 E F0
+.433(The list of w)144 290.4 R .433(ords follo)-.1 F(wing)-.25 E F1(in)
+2.933 E F0 .432(is e)2.933 F .432(xpanded, generating a list of items.)
+-.15 F .432(The set of e)5.432 F .432(xpanded w)-.15 F(ords)-.1 E .842
+(is printed on the standard error)144 302.4 R 3.342(,e)-.4 G .842
(ach preceded by a number)-3.342 F 5.842(.I)-.55 G 3.342(ft)-5.842 G(he)
--3.342 E F3(in)3.342 E F1(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .842
-(is omitted, the posi-)3.342 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see)
-144 249.6 R F2 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701
-(w\). The)-.25 F F2(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201(prompt is then displayed and a)
-2.451 F .214(line read from the standard input.)144 261.6 R .213
-(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.214
-F 1.537(played w)144 273.6 R 1.537(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.537(alue of)
--.25 F F1(name)4.397 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.217 F 4.037(ord. If)
--.1 F 1.538(the line is empty)4.038 F 4.038(,t)-.65 G 1.538(he w)-4.038
-F 1.538(ords and)-.1 F .066(prompt are displayed ag)144 285.6 R 2.566
-(ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.566 F(An)
-5.065 E 2.565(yo)-.15 G .065(ther v)-2.565 F .065(alue read causes)-.25
-F F1(name)144 297.6 Q F0 .972(to be set to null.)3.652 F .972
-(The line read is sa)5.972 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.473(di).15 G 3.473(nt)
--3.473 G .973(he v)-3.473 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(REPL)3.473 E(Y)-.828 E F4
-(.)A F0(The)5.473 E F1(list)3.563 E F0 .973(is e)4.153 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-.973(cuted after).15 F .072(each selection until a)144 309.6 R F3(br)
+-3.342 E F1(in)3.342 E F2(wor)3.342 E(d)-.37 E F0 .843
+(is omitted, the posi-)3.343 F .201(tional parameters are printed \(see)
+144 314.4 R F3 -.666(PA)2.701 G(RAMETERS).666 E F0(belo)2.451 E 2.701
+(w\). The)-.25 F F3(PS3)2.701 E F0 .201(prompt is then displayed and a)
+2.451 F .213(line read from the standard input.)144 326.4 R .213
+(If the line consists of a number corresponding to one of the dis-)5.213
+F 1.538(played w)144 338.4 R 1.538(ords, then the v)-.1 F 1.538(alue of)
+-.25 F F2(name)4.398 E F0 1.537(is set to that w)4.218 F 4.037(ord. If)
+-.1 F 1.537(the line is empty)4.037 F 4.037(,t)-.65 G 1.537(he w)-4.037
+F 1.537(ords and)-.1 F .065(prompt are displayed ag)144 350.4 R 2.565
+(ain. If)-.05 F .065(EOF is read, the command completes.)2.565 F(An)
+5.066 E 2.566(yo)-.15 G .066(ther v)-2.566 F .066(alue read causes)-.25
+F F2(name)144 362.4 Q F0 .973(to be set to null.)3.653 F .973
+(The line read is sa)5.973 F -.15(ve)-.2 G 3.472(di).15 G 3.472(nt)
+-3.472 G .972(he v)-3.472 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(REPL)3.472 E(Y)-.828 E F4
+(.)A F0(The)5.472 E F2(list)3.562 E F0 .972(is e)4.152 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+.972(cuted after).15 F .071(each selection until a)144 374.4 R F1(br)
2.571 E(eak)-.18 E F0 .071(command is e)2.571 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.571
-(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F3(select)
-2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .071(xit status of the)-.15 F
-(last command e)144 321.6 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F1(list)2.5 E
+(cuted. The).15 F -.15(ex)2.571 G .071(it status of).15 F F1(select)
+2.571 E F0 .071(is the e)2.571 F .072(xit status of the)-.15 F
+(last command e)144 386.4 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E
F0 2.5(,o).68 G 2.5(rz)-2.5 G(ero if no commands were e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)
--.15 G(cuted.).15 E F3(case)108 338.4 Q F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F3(in)2.5
-E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F1(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(|)2.5 E F1
-(pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...)
-2.5 E F3(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 350.4 Q F3(case)3.264 E F0 .764
-(command \214rst e)3.264 F(xpands)-.15 E F1(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0
+-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(case)108 403.2 Q F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F1(in)2.5
+E F0 2.5([[)2.5 G(\(])-2.5 E F2(pattern)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(|)2.5 E F2
+(pattern)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)2.5 G(.. \))-2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(;; ] ...)
+2.5 E F1(esac)2.5 E F0(A)144 415.2 Q F1(case)3.265 E F0 .764
+(command \214rst e)3.265 F(xpands)-.15 E F2(wor)3.264 E(d)-.37 E F0
3.264(,a)C .764(nd tries to match it ag)-3.264 F .764(ainst each)-.05 F
-F1(pattern)3.264 E F0 .765(in turn, using the)3.264 F .596
-(same matching rules as for pathname e)144 362.4 R .595(xpansion \(see)
--.15 F F3 -.1(Pa)3.095 G .595(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.095 E
-3.095(w\). The)-.25 F F1(wor)3.095 E(d)-.37 E F0(is)3.095 E -.15(ex)144
-374.4 S 1.092(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.092
+F2(pattern)3.264 E F0 .764(in turn, using the)3.264 F .595
+(same matching rules as for pathname e)144 427.2 R .595(xpansion \(see)
+-.15 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.095 G .596(thname Expansion).1 F F0(belo)3.096 E
+3.096(w\). The)-.25 F F2(wor)3.096 E(d)-.37 E F0(is)3.096 E -.15(ex)144
+439.2 S 1.092(panded using tilde e).15 F 1.092
(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F 1.092(ariable e)-.25 F 1.092
(xpansion, arithmetic substitution, com-)-.15 F 1.268
-(mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 386.4 R -.25
-(va)-.15 G 3.768(l. Each).25 F F1(pattern)3.768 E F0 -.15(ex)3.768 G
-1.268(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .353(using tilde e)144 398.4 R
+(mand substitution, process substitution and quote remo)144 451.2 R -.25
+(va)-.15 G 3.768(l. Each).25 F F2(pattern)3.768 E F0 -.15(ex)3.768 G
+1.269(amined is e).15 F(xpanded)-.15 E .353(using tilde e)144 463.2 R
.353(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .353(ariable e)-.25 F .353
-(xpansion, arithmetic substitution, command substi-)-.15 F 1.517
-(tution, and process substitution.)144 410.4 R 1.517
-(If the shell option)6.517 F F3(nocasematch)4.016 E F0 1.516
-(is enabled, the match is per)4.016 F(-)-.2 E 1.346(formed without re)
-144 422.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.346
-(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F 1.347
-(When a match is found, the corre-)6.347 F(sponding)144 434.4 Q F1(list)
-2.777 E F0 .277(is e)2.777 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.777(cuted. If).15 F(the)
-2.777 E F3(;;)2.777 E F0 .277
+(xpansion, arithmetic substitution, command substi-)-.15 F 1.516
+(tution, and process substitution.)144 475.2 R 1.516
+(If the shell option)6.516 F F1(nocasematch)4.016 E F0 1.517
+(is enabled, the match is per)4.017 F(-)-.2 E 1.347(formed without re)
+144 487.2 R -.05(ga)-.15 G 1.347
+(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F 1.346
+(When a match is found, the corre-)6.347 F(sponding)144 499.2 Q F2(list)
+2.776 E F0 .277(is e)2.776 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.777(cuted. If).15 F(the)
+2.777 E F1(;;)2.777 E F0 .277
(operator is used, no subsequent matches are attempted after the)2.777 F
-.848(\214rst pattern match.)144 446.4 R(Using)5.848 E F3(;&)3.348 E F0
-.849(in place of)3.349 F F3(;;)3.349 E F0 .849(causes e)3.349 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .849(cution to continue with the).15 F F1(list)3.349 E F0
-(associated)3.349 E .078(with the ne)144 458.4 R .078
-(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using)5.078 E F3(;;&)2.578 E F0 .078
-(in place of)2.578 F F3(;;)2.578 E F0 .077
-(causes the shell to test the ne)2.578 F .077(xt pattern list in)-.15 F
-.227(the statement, if an)144 470.4 R 1.527 -.65(y, a)-.15 H .227(nd e)
+.849(\214rst pattern match.)144 511.2 R(Using)5.849 E F1(;&)3.349 E F0
+.849(in place of)3.349 F F1(;;)3.349 E F0 .849(causes e)3.349 F -.15(xe)
+-.15 G .849(cution to continue with the).15 F F2(list)3.348 E F0
+(associated)3.348 E .077(with the ne)144 523.2 R .077
+(xt set of patterns.)-.15 F(Using)5.077 E F1(;;&)2.577 E F0 .078
+(in place of)2.577 F F1(;;)2.578 E F0 .078
+(causes the shell to test the ne)2.578 F .078(xt pattern list in)-.15 F
+.227(the statement, if an)144 535.2 R 1.527 -.65(y, a)-.15 H .227(nd e)
.65 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .227(cute an).15 F 2.727(ya)-.15 G(ssociated)-2.727
-E F1(list)2.727 E F0 .227(on a successful match.)2.727 F .227(The e)
-5.227 F .227(xit status is zero)-.15 F(if no pattern matches.)144 482.4
+E F2(list)2.727 E F0 .227(on a successful match.)2.727 F .227(The e)
+5.227 F .227(xit status is zero)-.15 F(if no pattern matches.)144 547.2
Q(Otherwise, it is the e)5 E(xit status of the last command e)-.15 E
--.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F1(list)2.5 E F0(.)A F3(if)108 499.2 Q F1
-(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F3(then)2.5 E F1(list;)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3(elif)2.5 E
-F1(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F3(then)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5
-E F3(else)2.5 E F1(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F3<8c>A F0(The)144 511.2 Q F3
-(if)2.978 E F1(list)3.068 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978
+-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted in).15 E F2(list)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(if)108 564 Q F2
+(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list;)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F1(elif)2.5 E
+F2(list)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(then)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;].)C(.. [)-2.5
+E F1(else)2.5 E F2(list)2.5 E F0 2.5(;])C F1<8c>A F0(The)144 576 Q F1
+(if)2.977 E F2(list)3.067 E F0 .478(is e)3.658 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.978
(cuted. If).15 F .478(its e)2.978 F .478(xit status is zero, the)-.15 F
-F3(then)2.978 E F1(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F3(elif)2.977 E F1(list)2.977
-E F0 1.087(is e)144 523.2 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087
+F1(then)2.978 E F2(list)2.978 E F0 .478(is e)2.978 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+2.978(cuted. Otherwise,).15 F(each)2.978 E F1(elif)2.978 E F2(list)2.978
+E F0 1.088(is e)144 588 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088
(cuted in turn, and if its e).15 F 1.087
-(xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F3(then)3.587 E F1(list)
-3.587 E F0 1.088(is e)3.588 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.088(cuted and the).15 F
-.104(command completes.)144 535.2 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.104 F F3(else)
-2.603 E F1(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103
+(xit status is zero, the corresponding)-.15 F F1(then)3.587 E F2(list)
+3.587 E F0 1.087(is e)3.587 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.087(cuted and the).15 F
+.103(command completes.)144 600 R .103(Otherwise, the)5.103 F F1(else)
+2.603 E F2(list)2.603 E F0 .103(is e)2.603 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .103
(cuted, if present.).15 F .103(The e)5.103 F .103(xit status is the e)
--.15 F .103(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 547.2 Q -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F3(while)
-108 564 Q F1(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F3(do)2.5 E F1(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F3
-(done)2.5 E(until)108 576 Q F1(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F3(do)2.5 E F1
-(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F3(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 588 Q F3(while)3.45 E F0
+-.15 F .104(xit sta-)-.15 F(tus of the last command e)144 612 Q -.15(xe)
+-.15 G(cuted, or zero if no condition tested true.).15 E F1(while)108
+628.8 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1
+(done)2.5 E(until)108 640.8 Q F2(list-1)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(do)2.5 E F2
+(list-2)2.5 E F0(;)A F1(done)2.5 E F0(The)144 652.8 Q F1(while)3.45 E F0
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-(The number of parameters to the current subroutine \(shell function or\
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-240 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF -.27(BA)5.13 G(SH_ARGC).27 E/F3 9
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-.275(\214nal parameter of the last subroutine call is at the top of the\
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-408 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting at the time of the trap.).15 E F1 -.3(BA)108
-420 S(SH_EXECUTION_STRING).3 E F0(The command ar)144 432 Q
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%%Page: 11 11
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-(Expands to a string describing the v)144 144 Q
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+F(in)144 426 Q -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.5(db).1 G 2.5(yt)-2.5 G
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-(ilable only in shell functions and).25 F -.15(ex)144 396 S 2.928
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(ternal commands in).15 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.429(db).1 G 5.429
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--.25 F .653(ords in the current command)-.1 F 4.332(line. The)144 492 R
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(w\) created to hold the \214le descriptors for output from and input)
--.25 F(to an unnamed coprocess \(see)144 552 Q F1(Copr)2.5 E(ocesses)
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-(he history list, of the current command.)-2.856 F(If)5.356 E F1
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-(loses its special properties, e)144 234 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G
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-(Automatically set to the name of the current host.)144 258 Q F2
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-(An array v)144 414 R .294(ariable \(see)-.25 F F2(Arrays)2.794 E F0
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(riable is not set,).25 F F1(bash)3.701 E F0
-(informs the user of the arri)144 408 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5
+(informs the user of the arri)144 552 Q -.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5
(fm)-2.5 G(ail in the speci\214ed \214le or Maildir)-2.5 E
-(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 420 Q F0 .098
-(Speci\214es ho)144 432 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\))
+(-format directory)-.2 E(.)-.65 E F1(MAILCHECK)108 564 Q F0 .098
+(Speci\214es ho)144 576 R 2.598(wo)-.25 G .098(ften \(in seconds\))
-2.598 F F1(bash)2.598 E F0 .098(checks for mail.)2.598 F .098(The def)
5.098 F .098(ault is 60 seconds.)-.1 F .099(When it is time)5.099 F .224
(to check for mail, the shell does so before displaying the primary pro\
-mpt.)144 444 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066
-(or set to a v)144 456 R .066(alue that is not a number greater than or\
+mpt.)144 588 R .223(If this v)5.223 F .223(ariable is unset,)-.25 F .066
+(or set to a v)144 600 R .066(alue that is not a number greater than or\
equal to zero, the shell disables mail checking.)-.25 F F1(MAILP)108
-468 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 480 S .49
+612 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0 2.99(Ac)144 624 S .49
(olon-separated list of \214lenames to be check)-2.99 F .49
(ed for mail.)-.1 F .49(The message to be printed when mail)5.49 F(arri)
-144 492 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \
+144 636 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.62(si).15 G 2.62(nap)-2.62 G .12(articular \
\214le may be speci\214ed by separating the \214lename from the message\
- with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 504 Q(xt of the message,)
+ with a `?'.)-2.62 F(When used in the te)144 648 Q(xt of the message,)
-.15 E F1($_)2.5 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G
(pands to the name of the current mail\214le.).15 E(Example:)5 E F1
-(MAILP)144 516 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y)
+(MAILP)144 660 Q -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0(=\010/v)A(ar/mail/bfox?"Y)
-.25 E(ou ha)-1.1 E .3 -.15(ve m)-.2 H
-(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 528 Q F0 .389
+(ail":~/shell\255mail?"$_ has mail!"\010).15 E F1(Bash)144 672 Q F0 .389
(supplies a def)2.889 F .389(ault v)-.1 F .389(alue for this v)-.25 F
.389(ariable, b)-.25 F .388
(ut the location of the user mail \214les that it uses is)-.2 F
-(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 540 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0
-(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 552 Q F0 .389(If set to the v)144 564 R .389
+(system dependent \(e.g., /v)144 684 Q(ar/mail/)-.25 E F1($USER)A F0
+(\).)A F1(OPTERR)108 696 Q F0 .389(If set to the v)144 708 R .389
(alue 1,)-.25 F F1(bash)2.889 E F0 .389
(displays error messages generated by the)2.889 F F1(getopts)2.89 E F0
--.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F2 .36(SHELL B)144 576 R(UIL)
--.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F2(OPTERR)
+-.2(bu)2.89 G .39(iltin command \(see).2 F F3 .36(SHELL B)144 720 R(UIL)
+-.09 E .36(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 F F0(belo)2.61 E(w\).)-.25 E F3(OPTERR)
5.36 E F0 .359(is initialized to 1 each time the shell is in)2.61 F -.2
-(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(or a shell script is e)144 588 Q -.15(xe)
--.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1 -.74(PA)108 600 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587
+(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 December 24)
+136.795 E(15)185.955 E 0 Cg EP
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E(or a shell script is e)144 84 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF -.74(PA)108 96 S(TH)-.21 E F0 .587
(The search path for commands.)9.91 F .588
(It is a colon-separated list of directories in which the shell looks)
-5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 612 R F2 .472(COMMAND EXECUTION)
-2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471
-(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 624 S
+5.587 F .472(for commands \(see)144 108 R/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .472
+(COMMAND EXECUTION)2.972 F F0(belo)2.722 E 2.972(w\). A)-.25 F .471
+(zero-length \(null\) directory name in the)2.972 F -.25(va)144 120 S
.535(lue of).25 F F2 -.666(PA)3.035 G(TH)-.189 E F0 .535
(indicates the current directory)2.785 F 5.535(.A)-.65 G .535
(null directory name may appear as tw)-2.5 F 3.036(oa)-.1 G(djacent)
--3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 636 R .868
+-3.036 E .868(colons, or as an initial or trailing colon.)144 132 R .868
(The def)5.868 F .867(ault path is system-dependent, and is set by the)
--.1 F 26.328(administrator who installs)144 648 R F1(bash)28.828 E F0
-31.329(.A)C 26.329(common v)-2.5 F 26.329(alue is)-.25 F/F5 10/Courier@0
-SF(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 660
-Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 672 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 684
+-.1 F 26.328(administrator who installs)144 144 R F1(bash)28.828 E F0
+31.329(.A)C 26.329(common v)-2.5 F 26.329(alue is)-.25 F/F3 10/Courier@0
+SF(/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin)144 156
+Q F0(.)A F1(POSIXL)108 168 Q(Y_CORRECT)-.92 E F0 .472(If this v)144 180
R .472(ariable is in the en)-.25 F .471(vironment when)-.4 F F1(bash)
-2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F F3 .471(posix mode)
-2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011
-(the startup \214les, as if the)144 696 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0
+2.971 E F0 .471(starts, the shell enters)2.971 F/F4 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+.471(posix mode)2.971 F F0 .471(before reading)2.971 F .011
+(the startup \214les, as if the)144 192 R F1(\255\255posix)2.511 E F0
(in)2.511 E -.2(vo)-.4 G .011(cation option had been supplied.).2 F .011
-(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 708 Q F1(bash)2.5
-E F0(enables)2.5 E F3(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft)
--2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F5(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15
-(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955
-E(15)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)108 84 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0
-(If set, the v)144 96 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(If it is set while the shell is)5.011 F(running,)144 204 Q F1(bash)2.5
+E F0(enables)2.5 E F4(posix mode)2.5 E F0 2.5(,a)C 2.5(si)-2.5 G 2.5(ft)
+-2.5 G(he command)-2.5 E F3(set -o posix)2.5 E F0(had been e)2.5 E -.15
+(xe)-.15 G(cuted.).15 E F1(PR)108 216 Q(OMPT_COMMAND)-.3 E F0
+(If set, the v)144 228 Q(alue is e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted as a command prior to issuing each primary prompt.).15 E F1(PR)
-108 108 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676
-(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 120 R .676
+108 240 Q(OMPT_DIR)-.3 E(TRIM)-.4 E F0 .676
+(If set to a number greater than zero, the v)144 252 R .676
(alue is used as the number of trailing directory compo-)-.25 F .923
-(nents to retain when e)144 132 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423
+(nents to retain when e)144 264 R .923(xpanding the)-.15 F F1(\\w)3.423
E F0(and)3.423 E F1(\\W)3.423 E F0 .923(prompt string escapes \(see)
-3.423 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E
-(w\).)-.25 E(Characters remo)144 144 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
-(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 156 Q F0 .065(The v)
+3.423 F F2(PR)3.423 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)3.173 E(w\).)-.25 E
+(Characters remo)144 276 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G
+(re replaced with an ellipsis.)-2.5 E F1(PS1)108 288 Q F0 .065(The v)
19.33 F .065(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .065(xpanded \(see)-.15
F F2(PR)2.565 E(OMPTING)-.27 E F0(belo)2.315 E .065
-(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 168 R
+(w\) and used as the primary prompt)-.25 F 2.5(string. The)144 300 R
(def)2.5 E(ault v)-.1 E(alue is `)-.25 E(`)-.74 E F1(\\s\255\\v\\$)A F0
--.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 180 Q F0 .117(The v)19.33 F .117
+-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(PS2)108 312 Q F0 .117(The v)19.33 F .117
(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .117(xpanded as with)-.15 F F2(PS1)
2.617 E F0 .118(and used as the secondary prompt string.)2.368 F(The)
-5.118 E(def)144 192 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G
-(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 204 Q F0 1.116(The v)19.33 F 1.115
+5.118 E(def)144 324 Q(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(>)A F0 -.74('')2.5 G
+(.).74 E F1(PS3)108 336 Q F0 1.116(The v)19.33 F 1.115
(alue of this parameter is used as the prompt for the)-.25 F F1(select)
3.615 E F0 1.115(command \(see)3.615 F F2 1.115(SHELL GRAM-)3.615 F(MAR)
-144 216 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 228 Q F0 .1
+144 348 Q F0(abo)2.25 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(PS4)108 360 Q F0 .1
(The v)19.33 F .1(alue of this parameter is e)-.25 F .1(xpanded as with)
-.15 F F2(PS1)2.6 E F0 .101(and the v)2.35 F .101
-(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 240 Q F0 .292
+(alue is printed before each command)-.25 F F1(bash)144 372 Q F0 .292
(displays during an e)2.792 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .292(cution trace.).15 F
.292(The \214rst character of)5.292 F F2(PS4)2.792 E F0 .291
-(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 252 Q 2.5(,t)
+(is replicated multiple times, as)2.542 F(necessary)144 384 Q 2.5(,t)
-.65 G 2.5(oi)-2.5 G(ndicate multiple le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ls of indirection.).15 E(The def)5 E(ault is `)-.1 E(`)-.74 E F1(+)A F0
--.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 264 Q F0 .663
-(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 276 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F
+-.74('')2.5 G(.).74 E F1(SHELL)108 396 Q F0 .663
+(The full pathname to the shell is k)144 408 R .664(ept in this en)-.1 F
.664(vironment v)-.4 F 3.164(ariable. If)-.25 F .664
-(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 288 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
+(it is not set when the shell)3.164 F(starts,)144 420 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0
(assigns to it the full pathname of the current user')2.5 E 2.5(sl)-.55
-G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 300 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144
-312 R .826
+G(ogin shell.)-2.5 E F1(TIMEFORMA)108 432 Q(T)-.95 E F0 .827(The v)144
+444 R .826
(alue of this parameter is used as a format string specifying ho)-.25 F
3.326(wt)-.25 G .826(he timing information for)-3.326 F .648
-(pipelines pre\214x)144 324 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0
+(pipelines pre\214x)144 456 R .648(ed with the)-.15 F F1(time)3.148 E F0
(reserv)3.148 E .648(ed w)-.15 F .649(ord should be displayed.)-.1 F
(The)5.649 E F1(%)3.149 E F0 .649(character introduces)3.149 F .712
-(an escape sequence that is e)144 336 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
+(an escape sequence that is e)144 468 R .711(xpanded to a time v)-.15 F
.711(alue or other information.)-.25 F .711(The escape sequences)5.711 F
-(and their meanings are as follo)144 348 Q
-(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 366 Q F0 2.5
-(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 378 Q/F3 10
-/Times-Italic@0 SF(p)A F1(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68
-E F1(%[)144 390 Q F3(p)A F1(][l]U)A F0
-(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 402 Q
-F3(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)
-13.34 E F1(%P)144 414 Q F0
-(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87
-(The optional)144 430.8 R F3(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
-3.37 F F3(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87
+(and their meanings are as follo)144 480 Q
+(ws; the braces denote optional portions.)-.25 E F1(%%)144 498 Q F0 2.5
+(Al)30 G(iteral)-2.5 E F1(%)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(%[)144 510 Q F4(p)A F1
+(][l]R)A F0(The elapsed time in seconds.)11.68 E F1(%[)144 522 Q F4(p)A
+F1(][l]U)A F0(The number of CPU seconds spent in user mode.)11.68 E F1
+(%[)144 534 Q F4(p)A F1(][l]S)A F0
+(The number of CPU seconds spent in system mode.)13.34 E F1(%P)144 546 Q
+F0(The CPU percentage, computed as \(%U + %S\) / %R.)33.89 E .87
+(The optional)144 562.8 R F4(p)3.37 E F0 .87(is a digit specifying the)
+3.37 F F4(pr)3.37 E(ecision)-.37 E F0 3.37(,t)C .87
(he number of fractional digits after a decimal)-3.37 F 2.526(point. A)
-144 442.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025
+144 574.8 R -.25(va)2.526 G .025
(lue of 0 causes no decimal point or fraction to be output.).25 F .025
(At most three places after the)5.025 F .537
-(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 454.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F3
+(decimal point may be speci\214ed; v)144 586.8 R .537(alues of)-.25 F F4
(p)3.037 E F0 .537(greater than 3 are changed to 3.)3.037 F(If)5.538 E
-F3(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 466.8 Q
-(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 483.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0
+F4(p)3.038 E F0 .538(is not speci\214ed,)3.038 F(the v)144 598.8 Q
+(alue 3 is used.)-.25 E .668(The optional)144 615.6 R F1(l)3.168 E F0
.668(speci\214es a longer format, including minutes, of the form)3.168 F
-F3(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F3(SS)A F0(.)A F3(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va)
-3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 495.6 Q F3(p)2.5 E F0
+F4(MM)3.168 E F0(m)A F4(SS)A F0(.)A F4(FF)A F0 3.167(s. The)B -.25(va)
+3.167 G(lue).25 E(of)144 627.6 Q F4(p)2.5 E F0
(determines whether or not the fraction is included.)2.5 E(If this v)144
-512.4 Q(ariable is not set,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.501 E F0 .001
+644.4 Q(ariable is not set,)-.25 E F1(bash)2.501 E F0 .001
(acts as if it had the v)2.501 F(alue)-.25 E F1($\010\\nr)2.501 E
(eal\\t%3lR\\nuser\\t%3lU\\nsys%3lS\010)-.18 E F0(.)A .495(If the v)144
-524.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F
+656.4 R .494(alue is null, no timing information is displayed.)-.25 F
2.994(At)5.494 G .494(railing ne)-2.994 F .494
(wline is added when the for)-.25 F(-)-.2 E(mat string is displayed.)144
-536.4 Q F1(TMOUT)108 548.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 560.4 R .941
+668.4 Q F1(TMOUT)108 680.4 Q F0 .941(If set to a v)144 692.4 R .941
(alue greater than zero,)-.25 F F2(TMOUT)3.441 E F0 .941
(is treated as the def)3.191 F .941(ault timeout for the)-.1 F F1 -.18
-(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 572.4 Q F1
+(re)3.441 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.441 G(iltin.).2 E(The)144 704.4 Q F1
(select)2.811 E F0 .311(command terminates if input does not arri)2.811
F .61 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(fter).15 E F2(TMOUT)2.81 E F0 .31
-(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F .885(ing from a terminal.)144 584.4 R
+(seconds when input is com-)2.56 F .885(ing from a terminal.)144 716.4 R
.885(In an interacti)5.885 F 1.185 -.15(ve s)-.25 H .885(hell, the v).15
F .886(alue is interpreted as the number of seconds to)-.25 F -.1(wa)144
-596.4 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1
+728.4 S .546(it for input after issuing the primary prompt.).1 F F1
(Bash)5.546 E F0 .546(terminates after w)3.046 F .546
-(aiting for that number of)-.1 F(seconds if input does not arri)144
-608.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1(TMPDIR)108 620.4 Q F0 .39(If set,)144
-632.4 R F1(bash)2.89 E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39
-(alue as the name of a directory in which)-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391
-(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F(shell')144 644.4 Q 2.5(su)
--.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 656.4 Q(esume)-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144
-668.4 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031(wt)-.25 G .531
-(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031 F .53
-(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 680.4 R
-.538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidates\
- for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 692.4 S .367(isting stopped job)
-.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366
-(wed; if there is more than one job be)-.25 F .366(ginning with)-.15 F
-1.124(the string typed, the job most recently accessed is selected.)144
-704.4 R(The)6.125 E F3(name)3.985 E F0 1.125(of a stopped job, in this)
-3.805 F(conte)144 716.4 Q 1.133
-(xt, is the command line used to start it.)-.15 F 1.133(If set to the v)
-6.133 F(alue)-.25 E F3 -.2(ex)3.633 G(act).2 E F0 3.632(,t).68 G 1.132
-(he string supplied must)-3.632 F .624
-(match the name of a stopped job e)144 728.4 R .624(xactly; if set to)
--.15 F F3(substring)3.125 E F0 3.125(,t).22 G .625
-(he string supplied needs to match a)-3.125 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
-(2011 September 25)135.955 E(16)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
+(aiting for that number of)-.1 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 December 24)
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E .885(substring of the name of a stopped job)144 84 R 5.884(.T)-.4
-G(he)-5.884 E/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(substring)3.724 E F0 -.25(va)3.604
-G .884(lue pro).25 F .884(vides functionality analogous to)-.15 F(the)
-144 96 Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(%?)3.333 E F0 .833
-(job identi\214er \(see)5.833 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .834(JOB CONTR)
+-.35 E(seconds if input does not arri)144 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E/F1
+10/Times-Bold@0 SF(TMPDIR)108 96 Q F0 .39(If set,)144 108 R F1(bash)2.89
+E F0 .39(uses its v)2.89 F .39(alue as the name of a directory in which)
+-.25 F F1(bash)2.891 E F0 .391(creates temporary \214les for the)2.891 F
+(shell')144 120 Q 2.5(su)-.55 G(se.)-2.5 E F1(auto_r)108 132 Q(esume)
+-.18 E F0 .531(This v)144 144 R .531(ariable controls ho)-.25 F 3.031
+(wt)-.25 G .531(he shell interacts with the user and job control.)-3.031
+F .53(If this v)5.53 F .53(ariable is set,)-.25 F .538(single w)144 156
+R .538(ord simple commands without redirections are treated as candidat\
+es for resumption of an)-.1 F -.15(ex)144 168 S .367(isting stopped job)
+.15 F 5.367(.T)-.4 G .366(here is no ambiguity allo)-5.367 F .366
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+E .267(ys the array element at inde)-.1 F(x)-.15 E F1(sub-)2.766 E
+(script)108 225.6 Q F0 6.204(.C)C 1.204(are must be tak)-6.204 F 1.204
+(en to a)-.1 F -.2(vo)-.2 G 1.205(id unw).2 F 1.205(anted side ef)-.1 F
+1.205(fects caused by pathname e)-.25 F(xpansion.)-.15 E F2(unset)6.205
+E F1(name)3.705 E F0(,)A(where)108 237.6 Q F1(name)2.5 E F0(is an array)
+2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(r)-2.5 E F2(unset)2.5 E F1(name)2.5 E F0([)A F1
+(subscript)A F0(], where)A F1(subscript)2.5 E F0(is)2.5 E F2(*)2.5 E F0
+(or)2.5 E F2(@)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C(emo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G
+(he entire array)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E(The)108 254.4 Q F2(declar)3.574 E(e)
+-.18 E F0(,)A F2(local)3.574 E F0 3.574(,a)C(nd)-3.574 E F2 -.18(re)
+3.574 G(adonly).18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.574 G 1.073(iltins each accept a).2 F
+F2<ad61>3.573 E F0 1.073(option to specify an inde)3.573 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G 3.573(da).15 G 1.073(rray and a)-3.573 F F2<ad41>3.573 E F0 .338
+(option to specify an associati)108 266.4 R .638 -.15(ve a)-.25 H(rray)
.15 E 5.338(.I)-.65 G 2.838(fb)-5.338 G .338(oth options are supplied,)
--2.838 F F
1<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The)
-5.338 E F1 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441
-(accepts a)108
148.8 R F1<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441
+-2.838 F F
2<ad41>2.838 E F0(tak)2.838 E .338(es precedence.)-.1 F(The)
+5.338 E F2 -.18(re)2.839 G(ad).18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.839 G(iltin).2 E .441
+(accepts a)108
278.4 R F2<ad61>2.941 E F0 .441
(option to assign a list of w)2.941 F .441
(ords read from the standard input to an array)-.1 F 5.441(.T)-.65 G(he)
--5.441 E F1(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F1(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
-(bu)108 160.8 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E
+-5.441 E F2(set)2.941 E F0(and)2.941 E F2(declar)2.94 E(e)-.18 E F0 -.2
+(bu)108 290.4 S(iltins display array v).2 E(alues in a w)-.25 E
(ay that allo)-.1 E(ws them to be reused as assignments.)-.25 E/F3 10.95
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 177.6 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\
-rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 189.6 R 3.26
+/Times-Bold@0 SF(EXP)72 307.2 Q(ANSION)-.81 E F0 .76(Expansion is perfo\
+rmed on the command line after it has been split into w)108 319.2 R 3.26
(ords. There)-.1 F .76(are se)3.26 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(nk).15 G .76
-(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 201.6 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F2(br)
-2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369(tilde e)
-2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(par)2.869 E .369
-(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2 .369
-(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 213.6 Q F0(,).24 E F2(arithmetic e)
-2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F2(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5
-E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F2(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24
-E .47(The order of e)108 230.4 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471
+(inds of)-3.26 F -.15(ex)108 331.2 S .37(pansion performed:).15 F F1(br)
+2.869 E .369(ace e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369(tilde e)
+2.869 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(par)2.869 E .369
+(ameter and variable e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1 .369
+(command sub-)2.869 F(stitution)108 343.2 Q F0(,).24 E F1(arithmetic e)
+2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(,).24 E F1(wor)2.5 E 2.5(ds)-.37 G(plitting)-2.5
+E F0 2.5(,a).22 G(nd)-2.5 E F1(pathname e)2.5 E(xpansion)-.2 E F0(.).24
+E .47(The order of e)108 360 R .471(xpansions is: brace e)-.15 F .471
(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .471(xpansion, parameter)-.15 F 2.971(,v)-.4 G
.471(ariable and arithmetic e)-3.221 F(xpansion)-.15 E
-(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 242.4 Q
+(and command substitution \(done in a left-to-right f)108 372 Q
(ashion\), w)-.1 E(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 E(xpansion.)-.15 E
-(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 259.2 Q
-(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F2(pr)2.5 E
-(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 276 R 1.487
+(On systems that can support it, there is an additional e)108 388.8 Q
+(xpansion a)-.15 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable:).25 E F1(pr)2.5 E
+(ocess substitution)-.45 E F0(.)A 1.487(Only brace e)108 405.6 R 1.487
(xpansion, w)-.15 F 1.487(ord splitting, and pathname e)-.1 F 1.487
(xpansion can change the number of w)-.15 F 1.486(ords of the)-.1 F -.15
-(ex)108 288 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F
+(ex)108 417.6 S 1.164(pansion; other e).15 F 1.164(xpansions e)-.15 F
1.164(xpand a single w)-.15 F 1.165(ord to a single w)-.1 F 3.665
(ord. The)-.1 F 1.165(only e)3.665 F 1.165(xceptions to this are the)
--.15 F -.15(ex)108 300 S(pansions of ").15 E F1($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ")
--2.5 E F1(${)A F2(name)A F1([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G
+-.15 F -.15(ex)108 429.6 S(pansions of ").15 E F2($@)A F0 2.5("a)C(nd ")
+-2.5 E F2(${)A F1(name)A F2([@]})A F0 2.5("a)C 2.5(se)-2.5 G
(xplained abo)-2.65 E .3 -.15(ve \()-.15 H(see).15 E/F4 9/Times-Bold@0
-SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F1
-(Brace Expansion)87 316.8 Q F2(Br)108.58 328.8 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F
+SF -.666(PA)2.5 G(RAMETERS).666 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(\).)A F2
+(Brace Expansion)87 446.4 Q F1(Br)108.58 458.4 Q .606(ace e)-.15 F
(xpansion)-.2 E F0 .606
(is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be generated.)3.346 F
-.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 340.8 Q F2 .415
+.606(This mechanism is similar)5.606 F(to)108 470.4 Q F1 .415
(pathname e)2.915 F(xpansion)-.2 E F0 2.915(,b)C .415
(ut the \214lenames generated need not e)-3.115 F 2.915(xist. P)-.15 F
.415(atterns to be brace e)-.15 F .415(xpanded tak)-.15 F 2.915(et)-.1 G
-(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 352.8 R F2(pr)2.652 E(eamble)
+(he)-2.915 E .152(form of an optional)108 482.4 R F1(pr)2.652 E(eamble)
-.37 E F0 2.651(,f).18 G(ollo)-2.651 E .151
(wed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence e)-.25
-F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 364.8 R
-.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F2(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G
+F(xpres-)-.15 E .563(sion between a pair of braces, follo)108 494.4 R
+.563(wed by an optional)-.25 F F1(postscript)3.063 E F0 5.563(.T).68 G
.563(he preamble is pre\214x)-5.563 F .563(ed to each string)-.15 F .659
(contained within the braces, and the postscript is then appended to ea\
-ch resulting string, e)108 376.8 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)
-108 388.8 Q .718(Brace e)108 405.6 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15
+ch resulting string, e)108 506.4 R .658(xpanding left to)-.15 F(right.)
+108 518.4 Q .718(Brace e)108 535.2 R .719(xpansions may be nested.)-.15
F .719(The results of each e)5.719 F .719
(xpanded string are not sorted; left to right order is)-.15 F(preserv)
-108 417.6 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F1({)A F0
-(d,c,b)A F1(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)
-108 434.4 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743
-(es the form)-.1 F F1({)3.243 E F2(x)A F1(..)A F2(y)A F1([..)A F2(incr)A
-F1(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F2(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F2(y)
+108 547.2 Q 2.5(ed. F)-.15 F(or e)-.15 E(xample, a)-.15 E F2({)A F0
+(d,c,b)A F2(})A F0 2.5(ee)C(xpands into `ade ace abe'.)-2.65 E 3.243(As)
+108 564 S .743(equence e)-3.243 F .743(xpression tak)-.15 F .743
+(es the form)-.1 F F2({)3.243 E F1(x)A F2(..)A F1(y)A F2([..)A F1(incr)A
+F2(]})A F0 3.243(,w)C(here)-3.243 E F1(x)3.243 E F0(and)3.242 E F1(y)
3.242 E F0 .742(are either inte)3.242 F .742(gers or single characters,)
--.15 F(and)108 446.4 Q F2(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G
+-.15 F(and)108 576 Q F1(incr)3.031 E F0 3.031(,a)C 3.032(no)-3.031 G
.532(ptional increment, is an inte)-3.032 F(ger)-.15 E 5.532(.W)-.55 G
.532(hen inte)-5.532 F .532(gers are supplied, the e)-.15 F .532
(xpression e)-.15 F .532(xpands to each)-.15 F .078(number between)108
-458.4 R F2(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F2(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi)
+588 R F1(x)2.578 E F0(and)2.578 E F1(y)2.578 E F0 2.578(,i)C(nclusi)
-2.578 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.078(.S).15 G .078(upplied inte)-5.078 F .077
-(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F2(0)2.577 E F0 .077
+(gers may be pre\214x)-.15 F .077(ed with)-.15 F F1(0)2.577 E F0 .077
(to force each term to ha)2.577 F .377 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he).15 E .014
-(same width.)108 470.4 R .014(When either)5.014 F F2(x)2.514 E F0(or)
-2.514 E F2(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell att\
-empts to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143
-(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 482.4 R
-6.143(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F
-(xpression)-.15 E -.15(ex)108 494.4 S .541(pands to each character le)
-.15 F .541(xicographically between)-.15 F F2(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.042 E F2
-(y)3.042 E F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G
-.542(ote that both)-5.542 F F2(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F2(y)3.042 E F0
-.542(must be of)3.042 F .183(the same type.)108 506.4 R .182
+(same width.)108 600 R .014(When either)5.014 F F1(x)2.514 E F0(or)2.514
+E F1(y)2.514 E F0(be)2.514 E .015(gins with a zero, the shell attempts \
+to force all generated terms to contain)-.15 F 1.143
+(the same number of digits, zero-padding where necessary)108 612 R 6.143
+(.W)-.65 G 1.143(hen characters are supplied, the e)-6.143 F(xpression)
+-.15 E -.15(ex)108 624 S .541(pands to each character le).15 F .541
+(xicographically between)-.15 F F1(x)3.041 E F0(and)3.042 E F1(y)3.042 E
+F0 3.042(,i)C(nclusi)-3.042 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 5.542(.N).15 G .542
+(ote that both)-5.542 F F1(x)3.042 E F0(and)3.042 E F1(y)3.042 E F0 .542
+(must be of)3.042 F .183(the same type.)108 636 R .182
(When the increment is supplied, it is used as the dif)5.183 F .182
(ference between each term.)-.25 F .182(The def)5.182 F(ault)-.1 E
-(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 518.4 Q .581(Brace e)108 535.2
-R .581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581
-(ther e)-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582
+(increment is 1 or -1 as appropriate.)108 648 Q .581(Brace e)108 664.8 R
+.581(xpansion is performed before an)-.15 F 3.081(yo)-.15 G .581(ther e)
+-3.081 F .581(xpansions, and an)-.15 F 3.082(yc)-.15 G .582
(haracters special to other e)-3.082 F(xpansions)-.15 E .016
-(are preserv)108 547.2 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
-(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F1(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015
+(are preserv)108 676.8 R .016(ed in the result.)-.15 F .016
+(It is strictly te)5.016 F(xtual.)-.15 E F2(Bash)5.016 E F0 .015
(does not apply an)2.516 F 2.515(ys)-.15 G .015
-(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 559.2 Q
+(yntactic interpretation to the con-)-2.515 F(te)108 688.8 Q
(xt of the e)-.15 E(xpansion or the te)-.15 E(xt between the braces.)
--.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 576 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132(\
-xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at least\
- one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 588 R 3.441(alid sequence e)
--.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
-(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 2.755
-(unchanged. A)108 600 R F1({)2.755 E F0(or)2.755 E F1(,)2.755 E F0 .255
-(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)2.755 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .255
-(nt its being considered part of a brace e).15 F(xpres-)-.15 E 2.911
-(sion. T)108 612 R 2.911(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)-3.111 G .411
-(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .411(xpansion, the string)-.15 F
-F1(${)2.911 E F0 .41(is not considered eligible for brace e)2.911 F
-(xpan-)-.15 E(sion.)108 624 Q 1.476(This construct is typically used as\
- shorthand when the common pre\214x of the strings to be generated is)
-108 640.8 R(longer than in the abo)108 652.8 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H
-(ample:).15 E(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 669.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25
-G(dist,b).65 E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 681.6 Q(cho)144 693.6 Q
-(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)
--.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618(Brace e)108 710.4 R .618
-(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
-.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
-(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
-(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 722.4 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
-.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
-(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
-(2011 September 25)135.955 E(18)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
+-.15 E 3.632(Ac)108 705.6 S 1.132(orrectly-formed brace e)-3.632 F 1.132
+(xpansion must contain unquoted opening and closing braces, and at leas\
+t one)-.15 F 3.441(unquoted comma or a v)108 717.6 R 3.441
+(alid sequence e)-.25 F 5.941(xpression. An)-.15 F 5.941(yi)-.15 G 3.441
+(ncorrectly formed brace e)-5.941 F 3.44(xpansion is left)-.15 F 4.441
+(unchanged. A)108 729.6 R F2({)4.441 E F0(or)4.441 E F2(,)4.441 E F0
+1.941(may be quoted with a backslash to pre)4.441 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.941
+(nt its being considered part of a brace).15 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
+(2011 December 24)136.795 E(18)185.955 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(remo)108 84 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)
--3.53 F 1.03(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)
--.15 F 1.03(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1
-F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(sh)3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(\214le{1,2})108 96 Q F0 .514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F
-.515(The same w)5.515 F .515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515
-(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F
-F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437(If strict compatibility with)108 108 R F1
-(sh)2.936 E F0 .436(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436
-(with the)2.936 F F1(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936
-F .436(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 120 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E
-F1(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
+-.35 E -.15(ex)108 84 S 3.179(pression. T).15 F 3.179(oa)-.8 G -.2(vo)
+-3.379 G .679(id con\215icts with parameter e).2 F .679
+(xpansion, the string)-.15 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(${)3.179 E F0 .678
+(is not considered eligible for brace)3.179 F -.15(ex)108 96 S(pansion.)
+.15 E 1.476(This construct is typically used as shorthand when the comm\
+on pre\214x of the strings to be generated is)108 112.8 R
+(longer than in the abo)108 124.8 Q .3 -.15(ve ex)-.15 H(ample:).15 E
+(mkdir /usr/local/src/bash/{old,ne)144 141.6 Q -.65(w,)-.25 G(dist,b).65
+E(ugs})-.2 E(or)108 153.6 Q(cho)144 165.6 Q(wn root /usr/{ucb/{e)-.25 E
+(x,edit},lib/{e)-.15 E(x?.?*,ho)-.15 E(w_e)-.25 E(x}})-.15 E .618
+(Brace e)108 182.4 R .618
+(xpansion introduces a slight incompatibility with historical v)-.15 F
+.618(ersions of)-.15 F F1(sh)3.118 E F0(.)A F1(sh)5.618 E F0 .618
+(does not treat open-)3.118 F .247
+(ing or closing braces specially when the)108 194.4 R 2.747(ya)-.15 G
+.247(ppear as part of a w)-2.747 F .248(ord, and preserv)-.1 F .248
+(es them in the output.)-.15 F F1(Bash)5.248 E F0(remo)108 206.4 Q -.15
+(ve)-.15 G 3.53(sb).15 G 1.03(races from w)-3.53 F 1.03
+(ords as a consequence of brace e)-.1 F 3.53(xpansion. F)-.15 F 1.03
+(or e)-.15 F 1.03(xample, a w)-.15 F 1.03(ord entered to)-.1 F F1(sh)
+3.53 E F0(as)3.53 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(\214le{1,2})108 218.4 Q F0
+.514(appears identically in the output.)3.014 F .515(The same w)5.515 F
+.515(ord is output as)-.1 F F2 .515(\214le1 \214le2)4.925 F F0 .515
+(after e)3.035 F .515(xpansion by)-.15 F F1(bash)3.015 E F0(.)A .437
+(If strict compatibility with)108 230.4 R F1(sh)2.936 E F0 .436
+(is desired, start)2.936 F F1(bash)2.936 E F0 .436(with the)2.936 F F1
+(+B)2.936 E F0 .436(option or disable brace e)2.936 F .436
+(xpansion with the)-.15 F F1(+B)108 242.4 Q F0(option to the)2.5 E F1
+(set)2.5 E F0(command \(see)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1 -.18(Ti)
-87 136.8 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 148.8 R 1.086(ord be)
+87 259.2 S(lde Expansion).18 E F0 1.086(If a w)108 271.2 R 1.086(ord be)
-.1 F 1.086(gins with an unquoted tilde character \(`)-.15 F F1(~)A F0
1.087('\), all of the characters preceding the \214rst unquoted)B .185(\
slash \(or all characters, if there is no unquoted slash\) are consider\
-ed a)108 160.8 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685
+ed a)108 283.2 R F2(tilde-pr)2.685 E(e\214x)-.37 E F0 5.185(.I)C 2.685
(fn)-5.185 G .185(one of the characters)-2.685 F .725(in the tilde-pre\
-\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 172.8 R
-.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 184.8 Q
+\214x are quoted, the characters in the tilde-pre\214x follo)108 295.2 R
+.726(wing the tilde are treated as a possible)-.25 F F2(lo)108 307.2 Q
.523(gin name)-.1 F F0 5.523(.I)C 3.023(ft)-5.523 G .523
(his login name is the null string, the tilde is replaced with the v)
--3.023 F .522(alue of the shell parameter)-.25 F F3(HOME)108 196.8 Q/F4
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(is unset, the home directory of the user e)2.536 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .287
(cuting the shell is substituted instead.).15 F(Other)5.287 E(-)-.2 E(w\
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-with the speci\214ed login name.)108 208.8 Q .093
-(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 225.6 R .092
+with the speci\214ed login name.)108 331.2 Q .093
+(If the tilde-pre\214x is a `~+', the v)108 348 R .092
(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(PWD)2.592 E F0 .092
(replaces the tilde-pre\214x.)2.342 F .092(If the tilde-pre\214x is)
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(alue of the shell v)-.25 F(ariable)-.25 E F3(OLDPWD)3.404 E F4(,)A F0
.904(if it is set, is substituted.)3.154 F .904(If the characters follo)
5.904 F .904(wing the)-.25 F 1.642
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+(tilde in the tilde-pre\214x consist of a number)108 372 R F2(N)4.142 E
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(ed by a `+' or a `\255', the tilde-pre\214x is)-.15 F 1.437(replaced w\
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-.455(ith the tilde-pre\214x as an ar)-2.955 F 2.954(gument. If)-.18 F
-.454(the characters follo)2.954 F .454
-(wing the tilde in the tilde-pre\214x)-.25 F
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(consist of a number without a leading `+' or `\255', `+' is assumed.)
-108 285.6 Q(If the login name is in)108 302.4 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
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(lid, or the tilde e).25 E(xpansion f)-.15 E(ails, the w)-.1 E
-(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 319.2 R .167
+(ord is unchanged.)-.1 E .166(Each v)108 441.6 R .167
(ariable assignment is check)-.25 F .167(ed for unquoted tilde-pre\214x)
-.1 F .167(es immediately follo)-.15 F .167(wing a)-.25 F F1(:)2.667 E
F0 .167(or the \214rst)2.667 F F1(=)2.667 E F0 5.167(.I)C(n)-5.167 E
-.468(these cases, tilde e)108 331.2 R .468(xpansion is also performed.)
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-.15 F(Consequently)5.467 E 2.967(,o)-.65 G .467
(ne may use \214lenames with tildes in assign-)-2.967 F(ments to)108
-343.2 Q F3 -.666(PA)2.5 G(TH)-.189 E F4(,)A F3(MAILP)2.25 E -.855(AT)
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-(be interpreted as part of its name.)144 501.6 Q .686
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-(ariable indirection is introduced.)-3.435 F F1(Bash)108 530.4 Q F0 .106
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-(ve)-.4 G 1.091(rt only the \214rst character in the e).15 F 1.09
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--3.621 F 1.335(modi\214cation operation is applied to each positional p\
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-(he case modi\214cation)-3.808 F
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-87 434.4 Q F2 1.698(Command substitution)108 446.4 R F0(allo)4.198 E
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-1.697(There are tw)6.697 F(o)-.1 E(forms:)108 458.4 Q F1($\()144 475.2 Q
-F2(command)A F1(\))1.666 E F0(or)108 487.2 Q F1<92>144 499.2 Q F2
-(command)A F1<92>A(Bash)108 516 Q F0 .019(performs the e)2.519 F .019
-(xpansion by e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F2(command)2.519 E F0
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-(dard output of the command, with an)108 528 R 3.268(yt)-.15 G .768
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+(xpanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname e)-.15 F 3.907
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+(pattern should not attempt to match more than one character)2.924 F
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--.15 G .718(ay be remo)-3.218 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.218(dd).15 G .719
-(uring w)-3.218 F .719(ord splitting.)-.1 F .719
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+F(on the results.)108 141.6 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
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(ord, as long as the whitespace character is in the v)-.1 F .315
-(alue of)-.25 F F2(IFS)2.815 E F0(\(an)2.565 E F2(IFS)108 372 Q F0 1.053
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-(haracter in)-3.553 F F2(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.053(that is not)3.303 F F2
-(IFS)3.553 E F0 1.054(whitespace, along with an)3.304 F 3.554(ya)-.15 G
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-Q 5(.I)-.55 G 2.5(ft)-5 G(he v)-2.5 E(alue of)-.25 E F2(IFS)2.5 E F0
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-(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 424.8 S .177
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-.177(alues, are remo)-2.927 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.676(d. If).15 F 2.676(ap)
-2.676 G .176(arameter with no v)-2.676 F .176(alue is e)-.25 F .176
-(xpanded within)-.15 F(double quotes, a null ar)108 436.8 Q
-(gument results and is retained.)-.18 E(Note that if no e)108 453.6 Q
-(xpansion occurs, no splitting is performed.)-.15 E F4 -.1(Pa)87 470.4 S
-(thname Expansion).1 E F0 .37(After w)108 482.4 R .37
-(ord splitting, unless the)-.1 F F4<ad66>2.87 E F0 .37
-(option has been set,)2.87 F F4(bash)2.87 E F0 .371(scans each w)2.871 F
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-(If one of these characters appears, then the w)108 494.4 R .677
-(ord is re)-.1 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .677(rded as a).05 F F1(pattern)3.177 E
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-(If the)5.008 F F4(nullglob)2.508 E F0 .008(option is)2.508 F .442
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--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.942(d. If).15 F(the)2.943 E F4(failglob)2.943 E F0 .443
-(shell option is set, and no matches are)2.943 F 1.38
-(found, an error message is printed and the command is not e)108 542.4 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G 3.88(cuted. If).15 F 1.38(the shell option)3.88 F F4
-(nocaseglob)3.88 E F0(is)3.88 E .103
-(enabled, the match is performed without re)108 554.4 R -.05(ga)-.15 G
-.104(rd to the case of alphabetic characters.).05 F .104
-(When a pattern is used)5.104 F .378(for pathname e)108 566.4 R .378
-(xpansion, the character)-.15 F F4 -.63(``)2.878 G -.55(.').63 G(')-.08
-E F0 .378(at the start of a name or immediately follo)5.378 F .377
-(wing a slash must be)-.25 F .578(matched e)108 578.4 R(xplicitly)-.15 E
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-(When matching a pathname, the slash character)5.579 F 1.789(must al)108
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-(.I)-.65 G 4.288(no)-6.788 G 1.788(ther cases, the)-4.288 F F4 -.63(``)
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+(guments, resulting from the)-.18 F -.15(ex)108 556.8 S .176
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+(.I)-.65 G 4.288(no)-6.788 G 1.788(ther cases, the)-4.288 F F1 -.63(``)
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-(character is not treated specially)6.788 F 6.788(.S)-.65 G 1.788
-(ee the)-6.788 F .165(description of)108 602.4 R F4(shopt)2.665 E F0
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%%Page: 23 23
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-(escaping backslash is discarded when matching.)108 108 R .576
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-(The sorting order of characters in range e)180 261.6 R .894
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be matched by including it as the \214rst or last character in the set.)
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--.15 G 1.789(haracter belonging to that class.)-4.289 F(The)6.789 E F1
--.1(wo)4.29 G(rd).1 E F0(character)4.29 E
-(class matches letters, digits, and the character _.)180 399.6 Q -.4(Wi)
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+(ecting Output)-.18 E F0 .174
+(Redirection of output causes the \214le whose name results from the e)
+108 170.4 R .175(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.015 E(d)-.37 E F0 .175
+(to be opened for writ-)3.445 F .825(ing on \214le descriptor)108 182.4
+R F2(n)3.325 E F0 3.325(,o).24 G 3.325(rt)-3.325 G .824
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-3.325 F F2(n)3.684 E F0
+.824(is not speci\214ed.)3.564 F .824(If the \214le does not)5.824 F
+-.15(ex)108 194.4 S(ist it is created; if it does e).15 E
+(xist it is truncated to zero size.)-.15 E
+(The general format for redirecting output is:)108 211.2 Q([)144 228 Q
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .154
+(If the redirection operator is)108 244.8 R F1(>)2.654 E F0 2.654(,a)C
+.154(nd the)-2.654 F F1(noclob)2.654 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .154(option to the)
+2.654 F F1(set)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .155
+(iltin has been enabled, the redirection).2 F .658(will f)108 256.8 R
+.658(ail if the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .658
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.158 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.158 G .657
+(ists and is a re).15 F .657(gular \214le.)-.15 F .657(If the redi-)
+5.657 F .408(rection operator is)108 268.8 R F1(>|)2.909 E F0 2.909(,o)C
+2.909(rt)-2.909 G .409(he redirection operator is)-2.909 F F1(>)2.909 E
+F0 .409(and the)2.909 F F1(noclob)2.909 E(ber)-.1 E F0 .409
+(option to the)2.909 F F1(set)2.909 E F0 -.2(bu)2.909 G .409
(iltin command).2 F(is not enabled, the redirection is attempted e)108
-136.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
--2.5 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F2 -.25(Ap)87
-153.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .641
-(Redirection of output in this f)108 165.6 R .642
-(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .642
-(xpansion of)-.15 F F1(wor)3.482 E(d)-.37 E F0 .642(to be)3.912 F .474
-(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 177.6 R F1(n)2.974 E F0
+280.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214le named by)
+-2.5 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)2.5 G(ists.).15 E F1 -.25(Ap)87
+297.6 S(pending Redir).25 E(ected Output)-.18 E F0 .642
+(Redirection of output in this f)108 309.6 R .642
+(ashion causes the \214le whose name results from the e)-.1 F .641
+(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)3.481 E(d)-.37 E F0 .641(to be)3.911 F .473
+(opened for appending on \214le descriptor)108 321.6 R F2(n)2.973 E F0
2.974(,o).24 G 2.974(rt)-2.974 G .474
-(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F1(n)3.333 E F0
-.473(is not speci\214ed.)3.213 F(If)5.473 E(the \214le does not e)108
-189.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
-(The general format for appending output is:)108 206.4 Q([)144 223.2 Q
-F1(n)A F0(])A F2(>>)A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F2(Redir)87 244.8 Q
-(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
-(This construct allo)108 256.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
+(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.974 F F2(n)3.334 E F0
+.474(is not speci\214ed.)3.214 F(If)5.474 E(the \214le does not e)108
+333.6 Q(xist it is created.)-.15 E
+(The general format for appending output is:)108 350.4 Q([)144 367.2 Q
+F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>>)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F1(Redir)87 388.8 Q
+(ecting Standard Output and Standard Err)-.18 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
+(This construct allo)108 400.8 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
-.25 F(tor 2\) to be redirected to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-268.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
-(There are tw)108 285.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
-(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F2
-(&>)144 302.4 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 314.4 Q F2(>&)144 326.4 Q
-F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 343.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+412.8 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
+(There are tw)108 429.6 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
+(ormats for redirecting standard output and standard error:)-2.5 E F1
+(&>)144 446.4 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(and)108 458.4 Q F1(>&)144 470.4 Q
+F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(Of the tw)108 487.2 Q 2.5(of)-.1 G
(orms, the \214rst is preferred.)-2.5 E(This is semantically equi)5 E
--.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>)144 360 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E
-F2(>&)A F0(1)A .115(When using the second form,)108 376.8 R F1(wor)2.614
-E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F2
-<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.614(td)-2.614 G .114
-(oes, other redirection operators)-2.614 F(apply \(see)108 388.8 Q F2
+-.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>)144 504 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E
+F1(>&)A F0(1)A .114(When using the second form,)108 520.8 R F2(wor)2.614
+E(d)-.37 E F0 .114(may not e)2.614 F .114(xpand to a number or)-.15 F F1
+<ad>2.614 E F0 5.114(.I)C 2.614(fi)-5.114 G 2.615(td)-2.614 G .115
+(oes, other redirection operators)-2.615 F(apply \(see)108 532.8 Q F1
(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E
-(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F2 -.25(Ap)87 405.6 S
-(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .248
-(This construct allo)108 417.6 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
+(w\) for compatibility reasons.)-.25 E F1 -.25(Ap)87 549.6 S
+(pending Standard Output and Standard Err).25 E(or)-.18 E F0 .249
+(This construct allo)108 561.6 R .249(ws both the standard output \(\
\214le descriptor 1\) and the standard error output \(\214le descrip-)
-.25 F(tor 2\) to be appended to the \214le whose name is the e)108
-429.6 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F1(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
+573.6 Q(xpansion of)-.15 E F2(wor)2.5 E(d)-.37 E F0(.).77 E
(The format for appending standard output and standard error is:)108
-446.4 Q F2(&>>)144 463.2 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
-(This is semantically equi)108 480 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F2(>>)
-144 496.8 Q F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F2(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 513.6
-Q F2(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F2
-(Her)87 530.4 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\
+590.4 Q F1(&>>)144 607.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
+(This is semantically equi)108 624 Q -.25(va)-.25 G(lent to).25 E F1(>>)
+144 640.8 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(2)2.5 E F1(>&)A F0(1)A(\(see)108 657.6
+Q F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)2.5 E F0(belo)2.5 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
+(Her)87 674.4 Q 2.5(eD)-.18 G(ocuments)-2.5 E F0 .33(This type of redir\
ection instructs the shell to read input from the current source until \
-a line containing only)108 542.4 R F1(delimiter)108.35 554.4 Q F0 .614
-(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.844 F .615
+a line containing only)108 686.4 R F2(delimiter)108.35 698.4 Q F0 .615
+(\(with no trailing blanks\) is seen.)3.845 F .615
(All of the lines read up to that point are then used as the stan-)5.615
-F(dard input for a command.)108 566.4 Q
-(The format of here-documents is:)108 583.2 Q F2(<<)144 600 Q F0([)A F2
-<ad>A F0(])A F1(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 612 Q(e-document)-.37 E
-(delimiter)144 624 Q F0 .302(No parameter and v)108 640.8 R .302
-(ariable e)-.25 F .302(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15
-F .301(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .225
-(is performed on)108 652.8 R F1(wor)2.725 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.225(.I).77 G
-2.726(fa)-5.225 G .526 -.15(ny c)-2.726 H .226(haracters in).15 F F1
-(wor)3.066 E(d)-.37 E F0 .226(are quoted, the)3.496 F F1(delimiter)3.076
-E F0 .226(is the result of quote remo)3.456 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.726(lo)
-.25 G(n)-2.726 E F1(wor)108 664.8 Q(d)-.37 E F0 2.715(,a).77 G .215
-(nd the lines in the here-document are not e)-2.715 F 2.714(xpanded. If)
--.15 F F1(wor)2.714 E(d)-.37 E F0 .214
-(is unquoted, all lines of the here-docu-)2.714 F .673
-(ment are subjected to parameter e)108 676.8 R .673
-(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.173
-(xpansion. In)-.15 F .674(the latter)3.173 F
-(case, the character sequence)108 688.8 Q F2(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0
-(is ignored, and)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0
-(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F2(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F2($)2.5
-E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F2<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .602
-(If the redirection operator is)108 705.6 R F2(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101
-(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\
- and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 717.6 Q F1(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5
-(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E
-(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f)
--.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E
-(25)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
+F(dard input for a command.)108 710.4 Q
+(The format of here-documents is:)108 727.2 Q(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
+(2011 December 24)136.795 E(25)185.955 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 26 26
%%BeginPageSetup
BP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(Her)87 84 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0
-2.5(Av)108 96 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1(<<<)
-144 112.8 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 129.6 Q F2
-(wor)2.893 E(d)-.37 E F0(under)2.893 E .393(goes brace e)-.18 F .393
-(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .394
-(ariable e)-.25 F .394(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.385
-(tution, arithmetic e)108 141.6 R 1.384(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F
--.25(va)-.15 G 3.884(l. P).25 F 1.384(athname e)-.15 F 1.384(xpansion w)
--.15 F 1.384(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F(The result is suppl\
-ied as a single string to the command on its standard input.)108 153.6 Q
-F1(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 170.4 Q F0(The redirection operator)
-108 182.4 Q([)144 199.2 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0
-.126(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 216 R(If)5.127 E
-F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .127
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(<<)144 84 Q F0([)A F1<ad>A F0(])A/F2 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(wor)A(d)-.37 E(her)164 96 Q(e-document)-.37 E
+(delimiter)144 108 Q F0 .301(No parameter and v)108 124.8 R .302
+(ariable e)-.25 F .302(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic e)-.15
+F .302(xpansion, or pathname e)-.15 F(xpansion)-.15 E .226
+(is performed on)108 136.8 R F2(wor)2.726 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.226(.I).77 G
+2.726(fa)-5.226 G .526 -.15(ny c)-2.726 H .226(haracters in).15 F F2
+(wor)3.066 E(d)-.37 E F0 .226(are quoted, the)3.496 F F2(delimiter)3.076
+E F0 .225(is the result of quote remo)3.456 F -.25(va)-.15 G 2.725(lo)
+.25 G(n)-2.725 E F2(wor)108 148.8 Q(d)-.37 E F0 2.714(,a).77 G .214
+(nd the lines in the here-document are not e)-2.714 F 2.714(xpanded. If)
+-.15 F F2(wor)2.715 E(d)-.37 E F0 .215
+(is unquoted, all lines of the here-docu-)2.715 F .673
+(ment are subjected to parameter e)108 160.8 R .673
+(xpansion, command substitution, and arithmetic e)-.15 F 3.173
+(xpansion. In)-.15 F .673(the latter)3.173 F
+(case, the character sequence)108 172.8 Q F1(\\<newline>)2.5 E F0
+(is ignored, and)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0
+(must be used to quote the characters)2.5 E F1(\\)2.5 E F0(,)A F1($)2.5
+E F0 2.5(,a)C(nd)-2.5 E F1<92>2.5 E F0(.)A .601
+(If the redirection operator is)108 189.6 R F1(<<\255)3.101 E F0 3.101
+(,t)C .601(hen all leading tab characters are stripped from input lines\
+ and the line)-3.101 F(containing)108 201.6 Q F2(delimiter)2.5 E F0 5
+(.T).73 G(his allo)-5 E
+(ws here-documents within shell scripts to be indented in a natural f)
+-.25 E(ashion.)-.1 E F1(Her)87 218.4 Q 2.5(eS)-.18 G(trings)-2.5 E F0
+2.5(Av)108 230.4 S(ariant of here documents, the format is:)-2.75 E F1
+(<<<)144 247.2 Q F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0(The)108 264 Q F2(wor)2.894 E(d)
+-.37 E F0(under)2.894 E .394(goes brace e)-.18 F .393(xpansion, tilde e)
+-.15 F .393(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .393(ariable e)-.25 F .393
+(xpansion, command substi-)-.15 F 1.384(tution, arithmetic e)108 276 R
+1.384(xpansion, and quote remo)-.15 F -.25(va)-.15 G 3.884(l. P).25 F
+1.384(athname e)-.15 F 1.384(xpansion w)-.15 F 1.384
+(ord splitting are not performed.)-.1 F(The result is supplied as a sin\
+gle string to the command on its standard input.)108 288 Q F1
+(Duplicating File Descriptors)87 304.8 Q F0(The redirection operator)108
+316.8 Q([)144 333.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 .127
+(is used to duplicate input \214le descriptors.)108 350.4 R(If)5.127 E
+F2(wor)2.967 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.15(ex)3.397 G .126
(pands to one or more digits, the \214le descriptor denoted).15 F(by)108
-228 Q F2(n)3.318 E F0 .458(is made to be a cop)3.198 F 2.958(yo)-.1 G
-2.958(ft)-2.958 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.958 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
-2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.297 E(d)-.37 E F0
-.457(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.727 F .149
-(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 240 R(If)5.149 E F2(wor)
-2.989 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.419 G .149(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.649 E
-F0 2.65<2c8c>C .15(le descriptor)-2.65 F F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is closed.)
-2.89 F(If)5.15 E F2(n)3.01 E F0 .15(is not speci\214ed,)2.89 F
-(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 252 Q
-(The operator)108 268.8 Q([)144 285.6 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A
-(d)-.37 E F0 .444
-(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 302.4 R
-(If)5.444 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .443
-(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.183 F 1.357
-(tor 1\) is used.)108 314.4 R 1.357(If the digits in)6.357 F F2(wor)
-4.197 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.358(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
-utput, a redirection error)4.627 F 2.754(occurs. If)108 326.4 R F2(wor)
-3.09
4 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.524 G .254(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E
+362.4 Q F2(n)3.317 E F0 .457(is made to be a cop)3.197 F 2.957(yo)-.1 G
+2.957(ft)-2.957 G .457(hat \214le descriptor)-2.957 F 5.457(.I)-.55 G
+2.957(ft)-5.457 G .457(he digits in)-2.957 F F2(wor)3.298 E(d)-.37 E F0
+.458(do not specify a \214le descriptor open)3.728 F .15
+(for input, a redirection error occurs.)108 374.4 R(If)5.15 E F2(wor)
+2.99 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.42 G .15(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.65 E F0
+2.649<2c8c>C .149(le descriptor)-2.649 F F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149
+(is closed.)2.889 F(If)5.149 E F2(n)3.009 E F0 .149(is not speci\214ed,)
+2.889 F(the standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) is used.)108 386.4 Q
+(The operator)108 403.2 Q([)144 420 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(wor)A(d)
+-.37 E F0 .443
+(is used similarly to duplicate output \214le descriptors.)108 436.8 R
+(If)5.443 E F2(n)3.304 E F0 .444
+(is not speci\214ed, the standard output \(\214le descrip-)3.184 F 1.358
+(tor 1\) is used.)108 448.8 R 1.358(If the digits in)6.358 F F2(wor)
+4.198 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.357(do not specify a \214le descriptor open for o\
+utput, a redirection error)4.628 F 2.753(occurs. If)108 460.8 R F2(wor)
+3.09
3 E(d)-.37 E F0 -.25(eva)3.523 G .253(luates to).25 F F1<ad>2.754 E
F0 2.754<2c8c>C .254(le descriptor)-2.754 F F2(n)3.114 E F0 .254
(is closed.)2.994 F .254(As a special case, if)5.254 F F2(n)2.754 E F0
-.253(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.753 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.753 E
-.96
5(not e)108 338.4 R .965(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad>
-3.465 E F0 3.466(,t)C .966
+.254(is omitted, and)2.754 F F2(wor)2.754 E(d)-.37 E F0(does)2.754 E
+.96
6(not e)108 472.8 R .966(xpand to one or more digits or)-.15 F F1<ad>
+3.466 E F0 3.466(,t)C .965
(he standard output and standard error are redirected as described)
--3.466 F(pre)108 350.4 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 367.2 Q
-(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 379.2 Q([)
-144 396 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 412.8 Q
--.15(ve)-.15 G 3.036(st).15 G .536(he \214le descriptor)-3.036 F F2
-(digit)3.036 E F0 .536(to \214le descriptor)3.036 F F2(n)3.036 E F0
-3.036(,o).24 G 3.036(rt)-3.036 G .535
-(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.036 F F2(n)3.035 E F0
-.535(is not speci-)3.035 F(\214ed.)108 424.8 Q F2(digit)5 E F0
+-3.466 F(pre)108 484.8 Q(viously)-.25 E(.)-.65 E F1(Mo)87 501.6 Q
+(ving File Descriptors)-.1 E F0(The redirection operator)108 513.6 Q([)
+144 530.4 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 547.2 Q
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 3.035(st).15 G .535(he \214le descriptor)-3.035 F F2
+(digit)3.035 E F0 .535(to \214le descriptor)3.035 F F2(n)3.035 E F0
+3.035(,o).24 G 3.035(rt)-3.035 G .536
+(he standard input \(\214le descriptor 0\) if)-3.035 F F2(n)3.036 E F0
+.536(is not speci-)3.036 F(\214ed.)108 559.2 Q F2(digit)5 E F0
(is closed after being duplicated to)2.5 E F2(n)2.5 E F0(.)A(Similarly)
-108 441.6 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 458.4 Q
-F2(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 475.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15
-G 2.785(st).15 G .285(he \214le descriptor)-2.785 F F2(digit)2.785 E F0
-.285(to \214le descriptor)2.785 F F2(n)2.785 E F0 2.785(,o).24 G 2.785
-(rt)-2.785 G .286(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.785 F
-F2(n)2.786 E F0 .286(is not speci-)2.786 F(\214ed.)108 487.2 Q F1
-(Opening File Descriptors f)87 504 Q(or Reading and Writing)-.25 E F0
-(The redirection operator)108 516 Q([)144 532.8 Q F2(n)A F0(])A F1(<>)A
-F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 1.349(causes the \214le whose name is the e)108
-549.6 R 1.349(xpansion of)-.15 F F2(wor)4.189 E(d)-.37 E F0 1.349
+108 576 Q 2.5(,t)-.65 G(he redirection operator)-2.5 E([)144 592.8 Q F2
+(n)A F0(])A F1(>&)A F2(digit)A F1<ad>A F0(mo)108 609.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G
+2.786(st).15 G .286(he \214le descriptor)-2.786 F F2(digit)2.786 E F0
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+(rt)-2.786 G .285(he standard output \(\214le descriptor 1\) if)-2.786 F
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--.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution.).15 E .532(The special parameter)108 343.2
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2.543 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .043(is e)2.543 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .043
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-(When a function completes, the v)5.213 F .214
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(riables are added to the en).25 F .757(vironment of the e)-.4 F -.15
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-(fect the current shell en)-.25 F(vi-)-.4 E 3.177(ronment. If)108 276 R
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-(he assignments attempts to assign a v)-3.177 F .677
-(alue to a readonly v)-.25 F .676(ariable, an error occurs, and)-.25 F
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-(If no command name results, redirections are performed, b)108 304.8 R
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-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.064(cution proceeds as described belo).15 F
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-(xpansions contained a command substitution, the e)-.15 F .069
-(xit status of the command)-.15 F .467(is the e)108 357.6 R .466
-(xit status of the last command substitution performed.)-.15 F .466
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-Q(xits with a status of zero.)-.15 E F1(COMMAND EXECUTION)72 386.4 Q F0
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-(xe)-.15 G 1.09(cutes the).15 F .198(named program in a separate e)108
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295.2 R F3<ad6b>
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(This is the library that handles reading input when using an interacti)
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(ault, the line editing commands are similar to those of Emacs.)-.1 F
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+F0(alert \(bell\))28.22 E F1(\\b)144 326.4 Q F0(backspace)27.66 E F1
+(\\d)144 338.4 Q F0(delete)27.66 E F1(\\f)144 350.4 Q F0(form feed)29.89
+E F1(\\n)144 362.4 Q F0(ne)27.66 E(wline)-.25 E F1(\\r)144 374.4 Q F0
+(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 386.4 Q F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1
+(\\v)144 398.4 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\)144 410.4 Q
+F2(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)18.22 E(alue is the octal v)
+-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0(\(one to three digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)
+144 422.4 Q F2(HH)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E
(alue is the he)-.25 E(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0
-(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.142
-(When entering the te)108 297.6 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\
- quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .089
-(Unquoted te)108 309.6 R .089(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15
-F .09(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.59(,t)-.65 G .09
-(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.59 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108
-321.6 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G
+(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)-.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E 1.141
+(When entering the te)108 439.2 R 1.141(xt of a macro, single or double\
+ quotes must be used to indicate a macro de\214nition.)-.15 F .09
+(Unquoted te)108 451.2 R .09(xt is assumed to be a function name.)-.15 F
+.089(In the macro body)5.089 F 2.589(,t)-.65 G .089
+(he backslash escapes described abo)-2.589 F -.15(ve)-.15 G(are e)108
+463.2 Q 2.5(xpanded. Backslash)-.15 F(will quote an)2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G
(ther character in the macro te)-2.5 E(xt, including " and \010.)-.15 E
-F1(Bash)108 338.4 Q F0(allo)2.93 E .43(ws the current readline k)-.25 F
-.73 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the)
-.15 F F1(bind)2.929 E F0 -.2(bu)2.929 G .429(iltin command.).2 F .045
-(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 350.4 R .345 -.15
-(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.546 E F0 .046
-(option to the)2.546 F F1(set)2.546 E F0 -.2(bu)2.546 G .046
-(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 362.4 Q/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
+F1(Bash)108 480 Q F0(allo)2.929 E .429(ws the current readline k)-.25 F
+.729 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .429
+(indings to be displayed or modi\214ed with the).15 F F1(bind)2.93 E F0
+-.2(bu)2.93 G .43(iltin command.).2 F .046
+(The editing mode may be switched during interacti)108 492 R .346 -.15
+(ve u)-.25 H .046(se by using the).15 F F1<ad6f>2.545 E F0 .045
+(option to the)2.545 F F1(set)2.545 E F0 -.2(bu)2.545 G .045
+(iltin command).2 F(\(see)108 504 Q/F4 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(SHELL B)2.5 E
(UIL)-.09 E(TIN COMMANDS)-.828 E F0(belo)2.25 E(w\).)-.25 E F1
-(Readline V)87 379.2 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .044(Readline has v)108 391.2
+(Readline V)87 520.8 Q(ariables)-.92 E F0 .043(Readline has v)108 532.8
R .043(ariables that can be used to further customize its beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.043(.A)-.55 G -.25(va)-2.5 G .043
-(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.553 E(tr)108 403.2 Q(c)-.37 E
-F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 420 Q F2
+(riable may be set in the).25 F F2(inpu-)2.554 E(tr)108 544.8 Q(c)-.37 E
+F0(\214le with a statement of the form)2.81 E F1(set)144 561.6 Q F2
(variable\255name value)2.5 E F0 .79(Except where noted, readline v)108
-436.8 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F
+578.4 R .79(ariables can tak)-.25 F 3.29(et)-.1 G .79(he v)-3.29 F
(alues)-.25 E F1(On)3.29 E F0(or)3.29 E F1(Off)3.29 E F0 .79
(\(without re)3.29 F -.05(ga)-.15 G .79(rd to case\).).05 F(Unrecog-)
-5.79 E .449(nized v)108 448.8 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F
+5.79 E .448(nized v)108 590.4 R .448(ariable names are ignored.)-.25 F
.448(When a v)5.448 F .448(ariable v)-.25 F .448
-(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .448(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)
--.25 F(ti)108 460.8 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .467(\), and "1" are equi).15 F
+(alue is read, empty or null v)-.25 F .449(alues, "on" \(case-insensi-)
+-.25 F(ti)108 602.4 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G .468(\), and "1" are equi).15 F
-.25(va)-.25 G .468(lent to).25 F F1(On)2.968 E F0 5.468(.A)C .468
(ll other v)-5.468 F .468(alues are equi)-.25 F -.25(va)-.25 G .468
-(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .468(he v)-5.468 F .468
-(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 472.8 S(lues are:)
-.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 489.6 Q F0 .011
-(Controls what happens when readline w)144 501.6 R .011
-(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .01(If set to)5.01 F F1(none)2.51
-E F0 2.51(,r)C .01(eadline ne)-2.51 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E .94
-(rings the bell.)144 513.6 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E F0
-3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25(va)
--.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0(,)A
-(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 525.6 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G(ell.)
--2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 537.6 Q F0 .056
-(If set to)144 549.6 R F1(On)2.556 E F0 2.556(,r)C .056(eadline attempt\
-s to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.556 F
-(ernel')-.1 E 2.555(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.555 E(nal dri)144 561.6 Q -.15
+(lent to).25 F F1(Off)2.968 E F0 5.468(.T)C .467(he v)-5.468 F .467
+(ariables and their def)-.25 F(ault)-.1 E -.25(va)108 614.4 S(lues are:)
+.25 E F1(bell\255style \(audible\))108 631.2 Q F0 .01
+(Controls what happens when readline w)144 643.2 R .011
+(ants to ring the terminal bell.)-.1 F .011(If set to)5.011 F F1(none)
+2.511 E F0 2.511(,r)C .011(eadline ne)-2.511 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(r).15 E
+.94(rings the bell.)144 655.2 R .94(If set to)5.94 F F1(visible)3.44 E
+F0 3.44(,r)C .94(eadline uses a visible bell if one is a)-3.44 F -.25
+(va)-.2 G 3.44(ilable. If).25 F .94(set to)3.44 F F1(audible)3.44 E F0
+(,)A(readline attempts to ring the terminal')144 667.2 Q 2.5(sb)-.55 G
+(ell.)-2.5 E F1(bind\255tty\255special\255chars \(On\))108 679.2 Q F0
+.055(If set to)144 691.2 R F1(On)2.555 E F0 2.555(,r)C .056(eadline att\
+empts to bind the control characters treated specially by the k)-2.555 F
+(ernel')-.1 E 2.556(st)-.55 G(ermi-)-2.556 E(nal dri)144 703.2 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rt).15 G 2.5(ot)-2.5 G(heir readline equi)-2.5 E -.25(va)
--.25 G(lents.).25 E F1(comment\255begin \(`)108 573.6 Q(`#')-.63 E('\))
--.63 E F0 .884(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 585.6 R
-F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .885(command is e)3.385 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-3.385(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.385 E(mand is bound to)144 597.6 Q F1
-(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0
-(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 609.6 Q
-(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 621.6 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5
-(,r)C(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255\
-insensiti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr)
-108 633.6 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length\
- in characters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions\
- that is displayed)144 645.6 R 1.274(without modi\214cation.)144 657.6 R
-1.274(When set to a v)6.274 F 1.274
-(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)-.25 F 1.275
-(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 669.6 S(lue are replaced with a\
-n ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1
-(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 681.6 Q F0 .53
-(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 693.6 R .529
-(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .56(erated by the)
-144 705.6 R F1(possible\255completions)3.06 E F0 3.06(command. It)3.06 F
-.561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.061(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.061 E .561(ger v)
--.15 F .561(alue greater than or)-.25 F .783(equal to zero.)144 717.6 R
-.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \
-the v)5.783 F .782(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 729.6 S .237
-(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)
--.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G
-.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)
-135.955 E(36)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
+-.25 G(lents.).25 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 December 24)136.795 E(36)
+185.955 E 0 Cg EP
%%Page: 37 37
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E(on the terminal.)144 84 Q/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(con)108 96 Q -.1
-(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .613(If set to)144 108 R F1(On)3.113
-E F0 3.113(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.113 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613
-(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .912 -.15
-(ey s)-.1 H .612(equence by).15 F .541
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(comment\255begin \(`)108 84 Q(`#')-.63 E
+('\))-.63 E F0 .885(The string that is inserted when the readline)144 96
+R F1(insert\255comment)3.385 E F0 .884(command is e)3.384 F -.15(xe)-.15
+G 3.384(cuted. This).15 F(com-)3.384 E(mand is bound to)144 108 Q F1
+(M\255#)2.5 E F0(in emacs mode and to)2.5 E F1(#)2.5 E F0
+(in vi command mode.)2.5 E F1(completion\255ignor)108 120 Q
+(e\255case \(Off\))-.18 E F0(If set to)144 132 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0 2.5(,r)C
+(eadline performs \214lename matching and completion in a case\255insen\
+siti)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(ashion.).05 E F1(completion\255pr)108
+144 Q(e\214x\255display\255length \(0\))-.18 E F0 .829(The length in ch\
+aracters of the common pre\214x of a list of possible completions that \
+is displayed)144 156 R 1.275(without modi\214cation.)144 168 R 1.275
+(When set to a v)6.275 F 1.274(alue greater than zero, common pre\214x)
+-.25 F 1.274(es longer than this)-.15 F -.25(va)144 180 S(lue are repla\
+ced with an ellipsis when displaying possible completions.).25 E F1
+(completion\255query\255items \(100\))108 192 Q F0 .529
+(This determines when the user is queried about vie)144 204 R .53
+(wing the number of possible completions gen-)-.25 F .561(erated by the)
+144 216 R F1(possible\255completions)3.061 E F0 3.061(command. It)3.061
+F .561(may be set to an)3.061 F 3.06(yi)-.15 G(nte)-3.06 E .56(ger v)
+-.15 F .56(alue greater than or)-.25 F .782(equal to zero.)144 228 R
+.783(If the number of possible completions is greater than or equal to \
+the v)5.782 F .783(alue of this)-.25 F -.25(va)144 240 S .237
+(riable, the user is ask).25 F .237(ed whether or not he wishes to vie)
+-.1 F 2.737(wt)-.25 G .237(hem; otherwise the)-2.737 F 2.737(ya)-.15 G
+.237(re simply listed)-2.737 F(on the terminal.)144 252 Q F1(con)108 264
+Q -.1(ve)-.4 G(rt\255meta \(On\)).1 E F0 .612(If set to)144 276 R F1(On)
+3.112 E F0 3.112(,r)C .613(eadline will con)-3.112 F -.15(ve)-.4 G .613
+(rt characters with the eighth bit set to an ASCII k).15 F .913 -.15
+(ey s)-.1 H .613(equence by).15 F .541
(stripping the eighth bit and pre\214xing an escape character \(in ef)
-144 120 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-.542(meta pr)3.042 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 132 Q F0(\).)A F1
-(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 144 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 156 R F1
+144 288 R .541(fect, using escape as the)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
+.541(meta pr)3.041 F(e-)-.37 E<8c78>144 300 Q F0(\).)A F1
+(disable\255completion \(Off\))108 312 Q F0 .038(If set to)144 324 R F1
(On)2.538 E F0 2.538(,r)C .038(eadline will inhibit w)-2.538 F .038
(ord completion.)-.1 F .038
(Completion characters will be inserted into the)5.038 F(line as if the)
-144 168 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0
-(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 180 Q F0 .141
-(Controls whether readline be)144 192 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
-.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.642 E F0
-(or)2.642 E F2(vi)2.642 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.142 E F0
-(can be set to either)144 204 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 216 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0
-1.211(When set to)144 228 R F1(On)3.711 E F0 3.711(,o)C 3.711(no)-3.711
-G 1.211(perating systems that indicate the)-3.711 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.21
+144 336 Q 2.5(yh)-.15 G(ad been mapped to)-2.5 E F1(self-insert)2.5 E F0
+(.)A F1(editing\255mode \(emacs\))108 348 Q F0 .142
+(Controls whether readline be)144 360 R .141(gins with a set of k)-.15 F
+.441 -.15(ey b)-.1 H .141(indings similar to).15 F F2(Emacs)2.641 E F0
+(or)2.641 E F2(vi)2.641 E F0(.)A F1(editing\255mode)5.141 E F0
+(can be set to either)144 372 Q F1(emacs)2.5 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(vi)2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(echo\255contr)108 384 Q(ol\255characters \(On\))-.18 E F0 1.21
+(When set to)144 396 R F1(On)3.71 E F0 3.71(,o)C 3.71(no)-3.71 G 1.211
+(perating systems that indicate the)-3.71 F 3.711(ys)-.15 G 1.211
(upport it, readline echoes a character)-3.711 F
-(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 240 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
-(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 252 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .892
-(When set to)144 264 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
+(corresponding to a signal generated from the k)144 408 Q -.15(ey)-.1 G
+(board.).15 E F1(enable\255k)108 420 Q(eypad \(Off\))-.1 E F0 .893
+(When set to)144 432 R F1(On)3.393 E F0 3.393(,r)C .893
(eadline will try to enable the application k)-3.393 F -.15(ey)-.1 G
-.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .893(Some sys-)5.893 F
-(tems need this to enable the arro)144 276 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
-G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 288 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
-(When set to)144 300 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
+.893(pad when it is called.).15 F .892(Some sys-)5.893 F
+(tems need this to enable the arro)144 444 Q 2.5(wk)-.25 G -.15(ey)-2.6
+G(s.).15 E F1(enable\255meta\255k)108 456 Q(ey \(On\))-.1 E F0 .64
+(When set to)144 468 R F1(On)3.14 E F0 3.14(,r)C .64
(eadline will try to enable an)-3.14 F 3.14(ym)-.15 G .64
(eta modi\214er k)-3.14 F .94 -.15(ey t)-.1 H .64
-(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 312 Q
+(he terminal claims to support).15 F(when it is called.)144 480 Q
(On man)5 E 2.5(yt)-.15 G(erminals, the meta k)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ey i)-.1 H
2.5(su).15 G(sed to send eight-bit characters.)-2.5 E F1
-(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 324 Q F0(If set to)144 336 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0
+(expand\255tilde \(Off\))108 492 Q F0(If set to)144 504 Q F1(On)2.5 E F0
2.5(,t)C(ilde e)-2.5 E(xpansion is performed when readline attempts w)
--.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 348 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
-(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.338(If set to)144 360 R F1(On)
-3.838 E F0 3.838(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \
-the same location on each history line)-3.838 F(retrie)144 372 Q -.15
+-.15 E(ord completion.)-.1 E F1(history\255pr)108 516 Q(eser)-.18 E -.1
+(ve)-.1 G(\255point \(Off\)).1 E F0 1.339(If set to)144 528 R F1(On)
+3.839 E F0 3.839(,t)C 1.338(he history code attempts to place point at \
+the same location on each history line)-3.839 F(retrie)144 540 Q -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(dw).15 G(ith)-2.5 E F1(pr)2.5 E -.15(ev)-.18 G
(ious-history).15 E F0(or)2.5 E F1(next-history)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(history\255size \(0\))108 384 Q F0 .463
-(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 396 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
-2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 F .462
+(history\255size \(0\))108 552 Q F0 .462
+(Set the maximum number of history entries sa)144 564 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
+2.963(di).15 G 2.963(nt)-2.963 G .463(he history list.)-2.963 F .463
(If set to zero, the number of)5.463 F
-(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 408 Q F1
-(horizontal\255scr)108 420 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .448
-(When set to)144 432 R F1(On)2.948 E F0 2.948(,m)C(ak)-2.948 E .448
-(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .449
+(entries in the history list is not limited.)144 576 Q F1
+(horizontal\255scr)108 588 Q(oll\255mode \(Off\))-.18 E F0 .449
+(When set to)144 600 R F1(On)2.949 E F0 2.949(,m)C(ak)-2.949 E .448
+(es readline use a single line for display)-.1 F 2.948(,s)-.65 G .448
(crolling the input horizontally on a)-2.948 F 1.194(single screen line\
when it becomes longer than the screen width rather than wrapping to a\
- ne)144 444 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 456 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 468
-Q F0 .227(If set to)144 480 R F1(On)2.727 E F0 2.727(,r)C .228(eadline \
+ ne)144 612 R(w)-.25 E(line.)144 624 Q F1(input\255meta \(Off\))108 636
+Q F0 .228(If set to)144 648 R F1(On)2.728 E F0 2.728(,r)C .227(eadline \
will enable eight-bit input \(that is, it will not strip the high bit f\
-rom the char)-2.727 F(-)-.2 E .957(acters it reads\), re)144 492 R -.05
+rom the char)-2.728 F(-)-.2 E .956(acters it reads\), re)144 660 R -.05
(ga)-.15 G .956(rdless of what the terminal claims it can support.).05 F
-.956(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.456 E F0 .956(is a)3.456 F
-(synon)144 504 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 516 Q
+.957(The name)5.956 F F1(meta\255\215ag)3.457 E F0 .957(is a)3.457 F
+(synon)144 672 Q(ym for this v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1(isear)108 684 Q
(ch\255terminators \(`)-.18 E(`C\255[C\255J')-.63 E('\))-.63 E F0 .439(\
The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search wi\
-thout subsequently e)144 528 R -.15(xe)-.15 G(cut-).15 E .935
-(ing the character as a command.)144 540 R .935(If this v)5.935 F .935
-(ariable has not been gi)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.434(nav).15 G .934
-(alue, the characters)-3.684 F F2(ESC)3.434 E F0(and)144 552 Q F2
-(C\255J)2.5 E F0(will terminate an incremental search.)2.5 E F1 -.1(ke)
-108 564 S(ymap \(emacs\)).1 E F0 2.02(Set the current readline k)144 576
-R -.15(ey)-.1 G 4.521(map. The).15 F 2.021(set of v)4.521 F 2.021
-(alid k)-.25 F -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.021(map names is).15 F F2 2.021
-(emacs, emacs\255standar)4.521 F(d,)-.37 E .069
-(emacs\255meta, emacs\255ctlx, vi, vi\255command)144 588 R F0 2.568(,a)C
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+(By def)5 E(ault, this command is unbound.)-.1 E F1(Killing and Y)87
+484.8 Q(anking)-.85 E(kill\255line \(C\255k\))108 496.8 Q F0
+(Kill the te)144 508.8 Q(xt from point to the end of the line.)-.15 E F1
+(backward\255kill\255line \(C\255x Rubout\))108 520.8 Q F0(Kill backw)
+144 532.8 Q(ard to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E F1
+(unix\255line\255discard \(C\255u\))108 544.8 Q F0(Kill backw)144 556.8
Q(ard from point to the be)-.1 E(ginning of the line.)-.15 E
(The killed te)5 E(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)
--2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 400.8 Q F0
+-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)-2.5 E F1(kill\255whole\255line)108 568.8 Q F0
(Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is.)144
-412.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 424.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728
-(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 436.8 R .729
-(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729
-(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 448.8 S
+580.8 Q F1(kill\255w)108 592.8 Q(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 604.8 R .728
+(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
+(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 616.8 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1 -.25(fo)2.5 G
-(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 460.8 Q
-(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 472.8 Q(ord behind point.)
+(rward\255w).25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(backward\255kill\255w)108 628.8 Q
+(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0(Kill the w)144 640.8 Q(ord behind point.)
-.1 E -.8(Wo)5 G(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1
-(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 484.8 Q
-(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .729
-(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 496.8 R .728
-(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .728(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .728
-(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 508.8 S
+(backward\255w)2.5 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255kill\255w)108 652.8 Q
+(ord \(M\255d\))-.1 E F0 .728
+(Kill from point to the end of the current w)144 664.8 R .729
+(ord, or if between w)-.1 F .729(ords, to the end of the ne)-.1 F .729
+(xt w)-.15 F(ord.)-.1 E -.8(Wo)144 676.8 S
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 E F1(shell\255f)2.5 E
(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(shell\255backward\255kill\255w)
-108 520.8 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 532.8 R
+108 688.8 Q(ord \(M\255Rubout\))-.1 E F0 3.025(Kill the w)144 700.8 R
3.025(ord behind point.)-.1 F -.8(Wo)8.025 G 3.025
(rd boundaries are the same as those used by).8 F F1(shell\255back-)
-5.525 E(ward\255w)144 544.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(unix\255w)108 556.8 Q
-(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .365(Kill the w)144 568.8 R .365
-(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .364(ord boundary)-.1
-F 5.364(.T)-.65 G .364(he killed te)-5.364 F .364(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 2.864(do).15 G 2.864(nt)-2.864 G(he)-2.864 E(kill-ring.)144
-580.8 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 592.8 Q F0 .166(Kill the w)
-144 604.8 R .166
-(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
--.1 F .167(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.167 E(killed te)144 616.8 Q
-(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)
--2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 628.8 Q F0
-(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 640.8 Q F1(kill\255r)108
-652.8 Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 664.8 Q(xt in the current re)
--.15 E(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 676.8 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E
-F0(Cop)144 688.8 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
-(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1
-(copy\255backward\255w)108 700.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 712.8 Q 4.801
-(yt)-.1 G 2.301(he w)-4.801 F 2.301(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F
-(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.3
-(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.8 E(ward\255w)144 724.8
-Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(42)
-185.115 E 0 Cg EP
+5.525 E(ward\255w)144 712.8 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
+(2011 December 24)136.795 E(42)185.955 E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(copy\255f)108 84 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)
--.1 E F0(Cop)144 96 Q 4.507(yt)-.1 G 2.007(he w)-4.507 F 2.007
-(ord follo)-.1 F 2.007(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25
-E 7.008(.T)-.55 G 2.008(he w)-7.008 F 2.008
-(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1 -.25(fo)4.508 G -.37(r-).25 G
-(ward\255w)144 108 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(yank \(C\255y\))108 120 Q F0 -1
-(Ya)144 132 S(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E
-(fer at point.)-.25 E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 144 Q F0
-(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 156 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(unix\255w)108 84 Q
+(ord\255rubout \(C\255w\))-.1 E F0 .364(Kill the w)144 96 R .364
+(ord behind point, using white space as a w)-.1 F .365(ord boundary)-.1
+F 5.365(.T)-.65 G .365(he killed te)-5.365 F .365(xt is sa)-.15 F -.15
+(ve)-.2 G 2.865(do).15 G 2.865(nt)-2.865 G(he)-2.865 E(kill-ring.)144
+108 Q F1(unix\255\214lename\255rubout)108 120 Q F0 .167(Kill the w)144
+132 R .166
+(ord behind point, using white space and the slash character as the w)
+-.1 F .166(ord boundaries.)-.1 F(The)5.166 E(killed te)144 144 Q
+(xt is sa)-.15 E -.15(ve)-.2 G 2.5(do).15 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he kill-ring.)
+-2.5 E F1(delete\255horizontal\255space \(M\255\\\))108 156 Q F0
+(Delete all spaces and tabs around point.)144 168 Q F1(kill\255r)108 180
+Q(egion)-.18 E F0(Kill the te)144 192 Q(xt in the current re)-.15 E
+(gion.)-.15 E F1(copy\255r)108 204 Q(egion\255as\255kill)-.18 E F0(Cop)
+144 216 Q 2.5(yt)-.1 G(he te)-2.5 E(xt in the re)-.15 E
+(gion to the kill b)-.15 E(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E F1
+(copy\255backward\255w)108 228 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(Cop)144 240 Q 4.8(yt)-.1 G
+2.3(he w)-4.8 F 2.3(ord before point to the kill b)-.1 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)
+-.25 E 7.301(.T)-.55 G 2.301(he w)-7.301 F 2.301
+(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1(back-)4.801 E(ward\255w)144 252
+Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1(copy\255f)108 264 Q(orward\255w)-.25 E(ord)-.1 E
+F0(Cop)144 276 Q 4.508(yt)-.1 G 2.008(he w)-4.508 F 2.008(ord follo)-.1
+F 2.008(wing point to the kill b)-.25 F(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 7.007(.T)
+-.55 G 2.007(he w)-7.007 F 2.007(ord boundaries are the same as)-.1 F F1
+-.25(fo)4.507 G -.37(r-).25 G(ward\255w)144 288 Q(ord)-.1 E F0(.)A F1
+(yank \(C\255y\))108 300 Q F0 -1(Ya)144 312 S
+(nk the top of the kill ring into the b)1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer at point.)-.25
+E F1(yank\255pop \(M\255y\))108 324 Q F0
+(Rotate the kill ring, and yank the ne)144 336 Q 2.5(wt)-.25 G 2.5
(op. Only)-2.5 F -.1(wo)2.5 G(rks follo).1 E(wing)-.25 E F1(yank)2.5 E
-F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 172.8 Q
-(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 184.8 Q
-(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .642
-(Add this digit to the ar)144 196.8 R .641
+F0(or)2.5 E F1(yank\255pop)2.5 E F0(.)A F1(Numeric Ar)87 352.8 Q
+(guments)-.1 E(digit\255ar)108 364.8 Q
+(gument \(M\2550, M\2551, ..., M\255\255\))-.1 E F0 .641
+(Add this digit to the ar)144 376.8 R .641
(gument already accumulating, or start a ne)-.18 F 3.141(wa)-.25 G -.18
-(rg)-3.141 G 3.141(ument. M\255\255).18 F .641(starts a ne)3.141 F(g-)
--.15 E(ati)144 208.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
-(uni)108 220.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .778
-(This is another w)144 232.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
-(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .779
+(rg)-3.141 G 3.142(ument. M\255\255).18 F .642(starts a ne)3.142 F(g-)
+-.15 E(ati)144 388.8 Q .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G(ument.).18 E F1
+(uni)108 400.8 Q -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0 .779
+(This is another w)144 412.8 R .779(ay to specify an ar)-.1 F 3.279
+(gument. If)-.18 F .779(this command is follo)3.279 F .778
(wed by one or more digits,)-.25 F 1.376
(optionally with a leading minus sign, those digits de\214ne the ar)144
-244.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
-256.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
+424.8 R 3.876(gument. If)-.18 F 1.376(the command is fol-)3.876 F(lo)144
+436.8 Q 1.17(wed by digits, e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E F1(uni)
3.67 E -.1(ve)-.1 G(rsal\255ar).1 E(gument)-.1 E F0(ag)3.67 E 1.17
(ain ends the numeric ar)-.05 F 1.17(gument, b)-.18 F 1.17(ut is other)
--.2 F(-)-.2 E .899(wise ignored.)144 268.8 R .898
-(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.899 F .898
+-.2 F(-)-.2 E .898(wise ignored.)144 448.8 R .898
+(As a special case, if this command is immediately follo)5.898 F .898
(wed by a character that is)-.25 F .243
-(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 280.8 R .243
+(neither a digit or minus sign, the ar)144 460.8 R .243
(gument count for the ne)-.18 F .243(xt command is multiplied by four)
--.15 F 5.243(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.243 E(ar)144 292.8 Q .378
+-.15 F 5.242(.T)-.55 G(he)-5.242 E(ar)144 472.8 Q .378
(gument count is initially one, so e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .378
(cuting this function the \214rst time mak).15 F .378(es the ar)-.1 F
-.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 304.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)
+.378(gument count)-.18 F(four)144 484.8 Q 2.5(,as)-.4 G(econd time mak)
-2.5 E(es the ar)-.1 E(gument count sixteen, and so on.)-.18 E F1
-(Completing)87 321.6 Q(complete \(T)108 333.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
-(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 345.6 R 1.137
+(Completing)87 501.6 Q(complete \(T)108 513.6 Q(AB\))-.9 E F0 1.137
+(Attempt to perform completion on the te)144 525.6 R 1.137
(xt before point.)-.15 F F1(Bash)6.137 E F0 1.137
-(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 357.6 Q .533(xt as a v)
--.15 F .533(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .533(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
--.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .532(xt be)-.15 F
-.532(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.032 E F0 .532(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
-144 369.6 Q .701(xt be)-.15 F .701(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.201 E F0 .701
-(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .702
+(attempts completion treating the)3.637 F(te)144 537.6 Q .532(xt as a v)
+-.15 F .532(ariable \(if the te)-.25 F .532(xt be)-.15 F .533(gins with)
+-.15 F F1($)3.033 E F0 .533(\), username \(if the te)B .533(xt be)-.15 F
+.533(gins with)-.15 F F1(~)3.033 E F0 .533(\), hostname \(if the)B(te)
+144 549.6 Q .702(xt be)-.15 F .702(gins with)-.15 F F1(@)3.202 E F0 .701
+(\), or command \(including aliases and functions\) in turn.)B .701
(If none of these pro-)5.701 F
-(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 381.6 Q F1
-(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 393.6 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 405.6 Q(xt before point.)
--.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 417.6 Q F0 .783
-(Insert all completions of the te)144 429.6 R .783
+(duces a match, \214lename completion is attempted.)144 561.6 Q F1
+(possible\255completions \(M\255?\))108 573.6 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 585.6 Q(xt before point.)
+-.15 E F1(insert\255completions \(M\255*\))108 597.6 Q F0 .783
+(Insert all completions of the te)144 609.6 R .783
(xt before point that w)-.15 F .783(ould ha)-.1 F 1.083 -.15(ve b)-.2 H
-.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.282 E(pletions)144
-441.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 453.6 Q F0 .928(Similar to)144
-465.6 R F1(complete)3.428 E F0 3.428(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.628
+.783(een generated by).15 F F1(possible\255com-)3.283 E(pletions)144
+621.6 Q F0(.)A F1(menu\255complete)108 633.6 Q F0 .929(Similar to)144
+645.6 R F1(complete)3.429 E F0 3.429(,b)C .929(ut replaces the w)-3.629
F .929(ord to be completed with a single match from the list of)-.1 F
-1.194(possible completions.)144 477.6 R 1.194(Repeated e)6.194 F -.15
-(xe)-.15 G 1.194(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.193
-(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .828
-(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 489.6 R .828
+1.193(possible completions.)144 657.6 R 1.193(Repeated e)6.193 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G 1.193(cution of).15 F F1(menu\255complete)3.694 E F0 1.194
+(steps through the list of possible)3.694 F .829
+(completions, inserting each match in turn.)144 669.6 R .828
(At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung)5.828 F .727
-(\(subject to the setting of)144 501.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
+(\(subject to the setting of)144 681.6 R F1(bell\255style)3.227 E F0
3.227(\)a)C .727(nd the original te)-3.227 F .727(xt is restored.)-.15 F
.727(An ar)5.727 F .727(gument of)-.18 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(n)3.227
-E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.227 E F0 1.73
-(positions forw)144 513.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
+E F0(mo)3.227 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(s).15 E F2(n)3.228 E F0 1.73
+(positions forw)144 693.6 R 1.73(ard in the list of matches; a ne)-.1 F
-.05(ga)-.15 G(ti).05 E 2.03 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G 1.73
(ument may be used to mo).18 F 2.03 -.15(ve b)-.15 H(ackw).15 E(ard)-.1
-E(through the list.)144 525.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)
+E(through the list.)144 705.6 Q(This command is intended to be bound to)
5 E F1 -.9(TA)2.5 G(B).9 E F0 2.5(,b)C(ut is unbound by def)-2.7 E
-(ault.)-.1 E F1(menu\255complete\255backward)108 537.6 Q F0 .82
-(Identical to)144 549.6 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82
-(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82
-(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1
-(menu\255complete)144 561.6 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(nan).15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg)
-.15 G 2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E
-F1(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 573.6 Q F0 .234
-(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 585.6 R
-.234(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)
-2.735 E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 597.6 R -.15
-(ve)-.2 G 2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1
-(possible\255completions)2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425
-(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144 609.6 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1
-(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 621.6 Q F0
-(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 633.6 Q(xt before point.)
--.15 E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 645.6 Q
-F0(List the possible completions of the te)144 657.6 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255user)108 669.6 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 681.6 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user)
-108 693.6 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 705.6 Q
-(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768
-Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(43)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
+(ault.)-.1 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 December 24)136.795 E(43)185.955
+E 0 Cg EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(complete\255v)108 84 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))
--.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 96 Q
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(menu\255complete\255backward)108 84 Q F0
+.82(Identical to)144 96 R F1(menu\255complete)3.32 E F0 3.32(,b)C .82
+(ut mo)-3.52 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.32(sb).15 G(ackw)-3.32 E .82
+(ard through the list of possible completions, as if)-.1 F F1
+(menu\255complete)144 108 Q F0(had been gi)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nan)
+.15 G -2.25 -.15(eg a)-2.5 H(ti).15 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.25 H -.18(rg).15 G
+2.5(ument. This).18 F(command is unbound by def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1
+(delete\255char\255or\255list)108 120 Q F0 .234
+(Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the be)144 132 R .234
+(ginning or end of the line \(lik)-.15 F(e)-.1 E F1(delete\255char)2.734
+E F0(\).)A .425(If at the end of the line, beha)144 144 R -.15(ve)-.2 G
+2.925(si).15 G .425(dentically to)-2.925 F F1(possible\255completions)
+2.925 E F0 5.425(.T)C .425(his command is unbound)-5.425 F(by def)144
+156 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(complete\255\214lename \(M\255/\))108 168 Q F0
+(Attempt \214lename completion on the te)144 180 Q(xt before point.)-.15
+E F1(possible\255\214lename\255completions \(C\255x /\))108 192 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 204 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a \214lename.)-.15 E F1
+(complete\255user)108 216 Q(name \(M\255~\))-.15 E F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 228 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(possible\255user)
+108 240 Q(name\255completions \(C\255x ~\))-.15 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 252 Q
+(xt before point, treating it as a username.)-.15 E F1(complete\255v)108
+264 Q(ariable \(M\255$\))-.1 E F0(Attempt completion on the te)144 276 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(possible\255v)108 108 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 120 Q
+(possible\255v)108 288 Q(ariable\255completions \(C\255x $\))-.1 E F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 300 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a shell v)-.15 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
-(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 132 Q F0
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 144 Q
+(complete\255hostname \(M\255@\))108 312 Q F0
+(Attempt completion on the te)144 324 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 156 Q F0
-(List the possible completions of the te)144 168 Q
+(possible\255hostname\255completions \(C\255x @\))108 336 Q F0
+(List the possible completions of the te)144 348 Q
(xt before point, treating it as a hostname.)-.15 E F1
-(complete\255command \(M\255!\))108 180 Q F0 .58
-(Attempt completion on the te)144 192 R .581
-(xt before point, treating it as a command name.)-.15 F .581
-(Command comple-)5.581 F .715(tion attempts to match the te)144 204 R
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E .822(for the w)108 84 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)
-3.322 F .823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname i\
-s searched for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 96 R .366(no compspec is fou\
-nd for the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for t\
-he portion)2.867 F(follo)108 108 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F
-.298(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)
--.15 G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-<ad44>2.799 E F0(option to)108 120 Q F1(complete)2.5 E F0
-(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E .817(Once a compspec has been fou\
-nd, it is used to generate the list of matching w)108 136.8 R 3.317
-(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817(ompspec is not)-3.317 F
-(found, the def)108 148.8 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0
-(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1
-(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463
-(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 165.6 R
+used to generate the list of possible completions)108 249.6 R .822
+(for the w)108 261.6 R 3.322(ord. If)-.1 F .822(the command w)3.322 F
+.823(ord is a full pathname, a compspec for the full pathname is search\
+ed for)-.1 F 2.867(\214rst. If)108 273.6 R .366(no compspec is found fo\
+r the full pathname, an attempt is made to \214nd a compspec for the po\
+rtion)2.867 F(follo)108 285.6 Q .298(wing the \214nal slash.)-.25 F .298
+(If those searches do not result in a compspec, an)5.298 F 2.799(yc)-.15
+G .299(ompspec de\214ned with the)-2.799 F F2<ad44>2.799 E F0(option to)
+108 297.6 Q F2(complete)2.5 E F0(is used as the def)2.5 E(ault.)-.1 E
+.817(Once a compspec has been found, it is used to generate the list of\
+ matching w)108 314.4 R 3.317(ords. If)-.1 F 3.317(ac)3.317 G .817
+(ompspec is not)-3.317 F(found, the def)108 326.4 Q(ault)-.1 E F2(bash)
+2.5 E F0(completion as described abo)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15
+E F2(Completing)2.5 E F0(is performed.)2.5 E .463
+(First, the actions speci\214ed by the compspec are used.)108 343.2 R
.464(Only matches which are pre\214x)5.464 F .464(ed by the w)-.15 F
-.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 177.6 R .596
-(When the)5.596 F F
1<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F1<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595
+.464(ord being)-.1 F .596(completed are returned.)108 355.2 R .596
+(When the)5.596 F F
2<ad66>3.096 E F0(or)3.095 E F2<ad64>3.095 E F0 .595
(option is used for \214lename or directory name completion, the)3.095 F
-(shell v)108 189.6 Q(ariable)-.25 E/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(FIGNORE)2.5 E
-F0(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 206.4 Q 4.084(yc)-.15
-G 1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584
-(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F
1<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584
-(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 218.4 S
+(shell v)108 367.2 Q(ariable)-.25 E F3(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0
+(is used to \214lter the matches.)2.25 E(An)108 384 Q 4.084(yc)-.15 G
+1.584(ompletions speci\214ed by a pathname e)-4.084 F 1.584
+(xpansion pattern to the)-.15 F F
2<ad47>4.084 E F0 1.584
+(option are generated ne)4.084 F 4.084(xt. The)-.15 F -.1(wo)108 396 S
.555(rds generated by the pattern need not match the w).1 F .554
-(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554
+(ord being completed.)-.1 F(The)5.554 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.054 E F0 .554
(shell v)2.804 F(ari-)-.25 E
-(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 230.4 Q(ut the)-.2 E F2
-(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 247.2 Q
+(able is not used to \214lter the matches, b)108 408 Q(ut the)-.2 E F3
+(FIGNORE)2.5 E F0 -.25(va)2.25 G(riable is used.).25 E(Ne)108 424.8 Q
.32(xt, the string speci\214ed as the ar)-.15 F .32(gument to the)-.18 F
-F
1<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321
+F
2<ad57>2.82 E F0 .321(option is considered.)2.821 F .321
(The string is \214rst split using the)5.321 F .413(characters in the)
-108 259.2 R F2(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412
+108 436.8 R F3(IFS)2.913 E F0 .412(special v)2.663 F .412
(ariable as delimiters.)-.25 F .412(Shell quoting is honored.)5.412 F
.412(Each w)5.412 F .412(ord is then e)-.1 F(xpanded)-.15 E .091
-(using brace e)108 271.2 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
+(using brace e)108 448.8 R .091(xpansion, tilde e)-.15 F .092
(xpansion, parameter and v)-.15 F .092(ariable e)-.25 F .092
(xpansion, command substitution, and arith-)-.15 F 1.397(metic e)108
-283.2 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
-(nder).15 E F2(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
+460.8 R 1.396(xpansion, as described abo)-.15 F 1.696 -.15(ve u)-.15 H
+(nder).15 E F3(EXP)3.896 E(ANSION)-.666 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0
1.396(The results are split using the rules described)5.896 F(abo)108
-295.2 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209
+472.8 Q .509 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 -.75(Wo)2.709 G .209
(rd Splitting).75 F F0 5.209(.T)C .209(he results of the e)-5.209 F .209
(xpansion are pre\214x-matched ag)-.15 F .21(ainst the w)-.05 F .21
-(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 307.2 Q
+(ord being com-)-.1 F(pleted, and the matching w)108 484.8 Q
(ords become the possible completions.)-.1 E 1.238
-(After these matches ha)108 324 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238
+(After these matches ha)108 501.6 R 1.538 -.15(ve b)-.2 H 1.238
(een generated, an).15 F 3.738(ys)-.15 G 1.237
-(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F
1<ad46>3.737 E
-F0(and)3.737 E F1<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 336 R -.2(vo)
--.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375
+(hell function or command speci\214ed with the)-3.738 F F
2<ad46>3.737 E
+F0(and)3.737 E F2<ad43>3.737 E F0 3.375(options is in)108 513.6 R -.2
+(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 5.875(d. When).1 F 3.375
(the command or function is in)5.875 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 3.375
-(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F3(,)A F2(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F3(,)A F2
-(COMP_KEY)108 348 Q F3(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F2(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25
+(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_LINE)5.876 E F4(,)A F3(COMP_POINT)5.626 E F4(,)A F3
+(COMP_KEY)108 525.6 Q F4(,)A F0(and)2.408 E F3(COMP_TYPE)2.658 E F0 -.25
(va)2.408 G .157(riables are assigned v).25 F .157
-(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F1 .157
+(alues as described abo)-.25 F .457 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E F2 .157
(Shell V)2.657 F(ariables)-.92 E F0 5.157(.I)C(f)-5.157 E 3.485(as)108
-360 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
-.986(d, the).1 F F2(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F2
+537.6 S .986(hell function is being in)-3.485 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
+.986(d, the).1 F F3(COMP_W)3.486 E(ORDS)-.09 E F0(and)3.236 E F3
(COMP_CW)3.486 E(ORD)-.09 E F0 -.25(va)3.236 G .986
-(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .609
-(the function or command is in)108 372 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .608
-(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .608(gument is the name of the command whose ar)
--.18 F .608(guments are)-.18 F .073(being completed, the second ar)108
-384 R .073(gument is the w)-.18 F .073
-(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .073(gument is the w)-.18 F
-.073(ord pre-)-.1 F .608(ceding the w)108 396 R .607
-(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .607
-(No \214ltering of the generated completions)5.607 F(ag)108 408 Q .093
-(ainst the w)-.05 F .093(ord being completed is performed; the function\
- or command has complete freedom in generat-)-.1 F(ing the matches.)108
-420 Q(An)108 436.8 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437(unction speci\214ed with)
--2.938 F F1<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
-2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437(function may use an)2.937 F
-2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437(he shell f)-2.937 F .437
-(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 448.8 Q F1(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2
-(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756 -.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956
-(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457
-(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F2(COMPREPL)108
-460.8 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable.)-.25 E(Ne)108 477.6 Q .081
-(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F
-F1<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G
-2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08
-(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858
-(stitution. It)108 489.6 R .359(should print a list of completions, one\
- per line, to the standard output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)
-5.359 F(to escape a ne)108 501.6 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E
-.377(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 518.4 R
-2.877<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F1<ad58>2.876
-E F0 .376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 530.4 R
-.681(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681
-(xpansion; a)-.15 F F1(&)3.181 E F0 .682
-(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182 F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523
-(the w)108 542.4 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F 3.023(Al)5.523 G
-(iteral)-3.023 E F1(&)3.023 E F0 .522
+(riables are also set.).25 F(When)5.986 E .347
+(the function or command is in)108 549.6 R -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G .347
+(d, the \214rst ar).1 F .346(gument \()-.18 F F2($1)A F0 2.846(\)i)C
+2.846(st)-2.846 G .346(he name of the command whose ar)-2.846 F(guments)
+-.18 E .263(are being completed, the second ar)108 561.6 R .263
+(gument \()-.18 F F2($2)A F0 2.763(\)i)C 2.763(st)-2.763 G .264(he w)
+-2.763 F .264(ord being completed, and the third ar)-.1 F .264
+(gument \()-.18 F F2($3)A F0 2.764(\)i)C(s)-2.764 E .629(the w)108 573.6
+R .629(ord preceding the w)-.1 F .629
+(ord being completed on the current command line.)-.1 F .628
+(No \214ltering of the generated)5.629 F .714(completions ag)108 585.6 R
+.714(ainst the w)-.05 F .714(ord being completed is performed; the func\
+tion or command has complete free-)-.1 F(dom in generating the matches.)
+108 597.6 Q(An)108 614.4 Q 2.938(yf)-.15 G .437
+(unction speci\214ed with)-2.938 F F2<ad46>2.937 E F0 .437(is in)2.937 F
+-.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.937<648c>.1 G 2.937(rst. The)-2.937 F .437
+(function may use an)2.937 F 2.937(yo)-.15 G 2.937(ft)-2.937 G .437
+(he shell f)-2.937 F .437(acilities, including)-.1 F(the)108 626.4 Q F2
+(compgen)2.956 E F0 -.2(bu)2.956 G .456(iltin described belo).2 F 1.756
+-.65(w, t)-.25 H 2.956(og).65 G .456(enerate the matches.)-2.956 F .457
+(It must put the possible completions in the)5.456 F F3(COMPREPL)108
+638.4 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25 E(ariable, one per array element.)-.25
+E(Ne)108 655.2 Q .081(xt, an)-.15 F 2.581(yc)-.15 G .081
+(ommand speci\214ed with the)-2.581 F F2<ad43>2.581 E F0 .081
+(option is in)2.581 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G 2.581(di).1 G 2.58(na)
+-2.581 G 2.58(ne)-2.58 G -.4(nv)-2.58 G .08(ironment equi).4 F -.25(va)
+-.25 G .08(lent to command sub-).25 F 2.858(stitution. It)108 667.2 R
+.359(should print a list of completions, one per line, to the standard \
+output.)2.858 F .359(Backslash may be used)5.359 F(to escape a ne)108
+679.2 Q(wline, if necessary)-.25 E(.)-.65 E .377
+(After all of the possible completions are generated, an)108 696 R 2.877
+<798c>-.15 G .377(lter speci\214ed with the)-2.877 F F2<ad58>2.876 E F0
+.376(option is applied to the)2.876 F 3.181(list. The)108 708 R .681
+(\214lter is a pattern as used for pathname e)3.181 F .681(xpansion; a)
+-.15 F F2(&)3.181 E F0 .682(in the pattern is replaced with the te)3.182
+F .682(xt of)-.15 F .523(the w)108 720 R .523(ord being completed.)-.1 F
+3.023(Al)5.523 G(iteral)-3.023 E F2(&)3.023 E F0 .522
(may be escaped with a backslash; the backslash is remo)3.022 F -.15(ve)
--.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E .849(attempting a match.)108 554.4
-R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849
+-.15 G 3.022(db).15 G(efore)-3.022 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
+(2011 December 24)136.795 E(46)185.955 E 0 Cg EP
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E .849(attempting a match.)108 84 R(An)5.849 E 3.349(yc)-.15 G .849
(ompletion that matches the pattern will be remo)-3.349 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E F1
-(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 566.4 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G
+3.35(df).15 G .85(rom the list.)-3.35 F 3.35(Al)5.85 G(eading)-3.35 E/F1
+10/Times-Bold@0 SF(!)3.35 E F0(ne)108 96 Q -.05(ga)-.15 G
(tes the pattern; in this case an).05 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ompletion not matching the pattern will be remo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
-(d.).15 E(Finally)108 583.2 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H
+(d.).15 E(Finally)108 112.8 Q 3.087(,a)-.65 G .887 -.15(ny p)-3.087 H
.587(re\214x and suf).15 F .587(\214x speci\214ed with the)-.25 F F1
<ad50>3.087 E F0(and)3.087 E F1<ad53>3.087 E F0 .587
(options are added to each member of the com-)3.087 F(pletion list, and\
the result is returned to the readline completion code as the list of \
-possible completions.)108 595.2 Q .246(If the pre)108 612 R .247
+possible completions.)108 124.8 Q .246(If the pre)108 141.6 R .247
(viously-applied actions do not generate an)-.25 F 2.747(ym)-.15 G .247
(atches, and the)-2.747 F F1 .247(\255o dir)2.747 F(names)-.15 E F0 .247
-(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 624 Q F0
+(option w)2.747 F .247(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)108 153.6 Q F0
(when the compspec w)2.5 E
(as de\214ned, directory name completion is attempted.)-.1 E .462
-(If the)108 640.8 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)
+(If the)108 170.4 R F1 .462(\255o plusdirs)2.962 F F0 .462(option w)
2.962 F .462(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)2.962 E F0 .462
(when the compspec w)2.962 F .462(as de\214ned, directory name com-)-.1
-F(pletion is attempted and an)108 652.8 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G
+F(pletion is attempted and an)108 182.4 Q 2.5(ym)-.15 G
(atches are added to the results of the other actions.)-2.5 E .559
-(By def)108 669.6 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15
+(By def)108 199.2 R .559(ault, if a compspec is found, whate)-.1 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.059(ri).15 G 3.059(tg)-3.059 G .56
(enerates is returned to the completion code as the full set)-3.059 F
-.632(of possible completions.)108 681.6 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1
+.632(of possible completions.)108 211.2 R .632(The def)5.632 F(ault)-.1
E F1(bash)3.132 E F0 .631
(completions are not attempted, and the readline def)3.131 F .631
-(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 693.6 R
+(ault of \214le-)-.1 F .558(name completion is disabled.)108 223.2 R
.558(If the)5.558 F F1 .559(\255o bashdefault)3.059 F F0 .559(option w)
3.059 F .559(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.059 E F0 .559
-(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 705.6 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672
+(when the compspec)3.059 F -.1(wa)108 235.2 S 3.172(sd).1 G .672
(e\214ned, the)-3.172 F F1(bash)3.172 E F0(def)3.172 E .671
(ault completions are attempted if the compspec generates no matches.)
--.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 717.6 Q F0 1.207
+-.1 F .671(If the)5.671 F F1<ad6f>3.171 E(default)108 247.2 Q F0 1.207
(option w)3.706 F 1.207(as supplied to)-.1 F F1(complete)3.707 E F0
1.207(when the compspec w)3.707 F 1.207(as de\214ned, readline')-.1 F
3.707(sd)-.55 G(ef)-3.707 E 1.207(ault completion)-.1 F
(will be performed if the compspec \(and, if attempted, the def)108
-729.6 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is\
- desired, the programmable completion func-)108 84 R .632(tions force r\
+259.2 Q(ault)-.1 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(completions\) generate no matches.)
+2.5 E .245(When a compspec indicates that directory name completion is \
+desired, the programmable completion func-)108 276 R .632(tions force r\
eadline to append a slash to completed names which are symbolic links t\
-o directories, subject)108 96 R 2.762(to the v)108 108 R 2.762
-(alue of the)-.25 F/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)
--.18 E F0 2.761(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15
-G 2.761(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108
-120 Q(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25
-E .19(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108
-136.8 R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33
-(tion with a def)108 148.8 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F
+o directories, subject)108 288 R 2.762(to the v)108 300 R 2.762
+(alue of the)-.25 F F1(mark\255dir)5.262 E(ectories)-.18 E F0 2.761
+(readline v)5.262 F 2.761(ariable, re)-.25 F -.05(ga)-.15 G 2.761
+(rdless of the setting of the).05 F F1(mark-sym-)5.261 E(link)108 312 Q
+(ed\255dir)-.1 E(ectories)-.18 E F0(readline v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E .19
+(There is some support for dynamically modifying completions.)108 328.8
+R .191(This is most useful when used in combina-)5.191 F 1.33
+(tion with a def)108 340.8 R 1.33(ault completion speci\214ed with)-.1 F
F1 1.33(complete -D)3.83 F F0 6.33(.I)C(t')-6.33 E 3.83(sp)-.55 G 1.33
(ossible for shell functions e)-3.83 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.33(cuted as).15
F .93(completion handlers to indicate that completion should be retried\
- by returning an e)108 160.8 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)
+ by returning an e)108 352.8 R .93(xit status of 124.)-.15 F .93(If a)
5.93 F .1(shell function returns 124, and changes the compspec associat\
-ed with the command on which completion is)108 172.8 R .665
-(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 184.8 R .666
+ed with the command on which completion is)108 364.8 R .665
+(being attempted \(supplied as the \214rst ar)108 376.8 R .666
(gument when the function is e)-.18 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .666
(cuted\), programmable completion).15 F .084(restarts from the be)108
-196.8 R .084(ginning, with an attempt to \214nd a ne)-.15 F 2.584(wc)
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(riable is set, time stamps are written to the history \214le, mark).25
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(When using command-line editing, search commands are a)5.279 F -.25(va)
--.2 G .28(ilable in each).25 F(editing mode that pro)108 616.8 Q
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--.2 H .458(nly a subset of the commands entered.).15 F(The)5.458 E F1
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(rds. It).1 F(tak)3.2 E .7(es place in tw)-.1 F 3.2(op)-.1 G 3.2
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5 F F1<ad56>2.749 E F0(or)
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(Names of stopped jobs, if job control is acti)6.66 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.)
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-(May also be speci\214ed as)5 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(va)184 312 S
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-.25 E F1<ad47>144 408 Q F3(globpat)2.5 E F0 1.008(The pathname e)184 420
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(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 468 Q F1<ad53>144 480 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 192 Q F1<ad53>144 204 Q F3(suf)2.5 E
2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 492 Q F3(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 504 Q F3(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
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-(each resultant w)184 516 R 2.007(ord is e)-.1 F 4.507(xpanded. The)-.15
-F 2.008(possible completions are the members of the)4.507 F
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-F1<ad58>144 540 Q F3(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 552 Q F0 .456
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-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 588 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
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--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 604.8 R .466
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-(plied without a)144 616.8 R F3(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
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+(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.966 E F0
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645.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
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369.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
F1(\255DE)-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(+o)-2.5 E F3(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F3
-(name)-2.5 E F0(])A .447(Modify completion options for each)144 657.6 R
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F3(name)2.947 E F0 .447(according to the)2.947 F F3(option)2.947 E F0
-.447(s, or for the currently-e)B -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting).15 E .726
-(completion if no)144 669.6 R F3(name)3.226 E F0 3.226(sa)C .726
-(re supplied.)-3.226 F .725(If no)5.725 F F3(option)3.225 E F0 3.225(sa)
-C .725(re gi)-3.225 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .725
-(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 681.6 Q F3(name)
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+(n, display the completion options for).15 F(each)144 405.6 Q F3(name)
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5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F3(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
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-5.297 E F1<ad44>2.797 E F0 .297
(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F
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-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177
-(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `)
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+(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.177 E F1<ad45>4.677 E F0 2.178
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--.35 E 1.387(The return v)144 84 R 1.387(alue is true unless an in)-.25
-F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.388
+E 1.388(The return v)144 477.6 R 1.388(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F
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(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F
-(options for a)144 96 Q/F1 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0
+(options for a)144 489.6 Q F3(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
-(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
-(continue)108 112.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A 1.754(Resume the ne)144
-124.8 R 1.754(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F2 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r)
-.25 E F0(,)A F2(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F2(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)
--4.254 E F2(select)4.254 E F0 4.253(loop. If)4.254 F F1(n)4.613 E F0
-1.753(is speci\214ed,)4.493 F 1.208(resume at the)144 136.8 R F1(n)3.709
-E F0 1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F1(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F3
-10/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F1(n)4.069 E F0 1.209
-(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .514
-(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 148.8 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513
-(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F1(n)3.013 E F0(is)
-3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 160.8 Q F2(declar)108 177.6
-Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F
2(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad70>-2.5 E F0
-2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F2
-(typeset)108 189.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F2
-<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F1(value)A F0 2.5(].)C
-(..])-2.5 E 1.264(Declare v)144 201.6 R 1.264(ariables and/or gi)-.25 F
-1.564 -.15(ve t)-.25 H 1.264(hem attrib).15 F 3.765(utes. If)-.2 F(no)
-3.765 E F1(name)3.765 E F0 3.765(sa)C 1.265(re gi)-3.765 F -.15(ve)-.25
-G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F
--.25(va)144 213.6 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F2<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
-(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982
-(alues of each)-.25 F F1(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F2
-<ad70>3.482 E F0 .982(is used)3.482 F(with)144 225.6 Q F1(name)3.579 E
-F0(ar)3.579 E 1.079(guments, additional options are ignored.)-.18 F
-(When)6.079 E F2<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F1
-(name)3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151
-(ments, it will display the attrib)144 237.6 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F
-.151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib)
--.2 F .15(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144
-249.6 R .046(If no other options are supplied with)5.046 F F2<ad70>2.547
-E F0(,)A F2(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib)
-2.547 F .047(utes and)-.2 F -.25(va)144 261.6 S 1.363
-(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863(ariables. The)-.25 F F2<ad66>3.863 E F0
-1.362(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The)
-6.362 E F2<ad46>3.862 E F0 2.422(option inhibits the display of functio\
-n de\214nitions; only the function name and attrib)144 273.6 R 2.423
-(utes are)-.2 F 2.664(printed. If)144 285.6 R(the)2.664 E F2(extdeb)
-2.664 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .164(shell option is enabled using)2.664 F F2(shopt)
-2.664 E F0 2.664(,t)C .163(he source \214le name and line number)-2.664
-F 1.288(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 297.6
-R(The)6.288 E F
2<ad46>3.788 E F0 1.288(option implies)3.788 F F2<ad66>
-3.788 E F0 6.288(.T)C(he)-6.288 E F2<ad67>3.789 E F0(option)3.789 E .491
-(forces v)144 309.6 R .491
+(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 506.4 Q F0([)
+2.5 E F3(n)A F0(])A 1.753(Resume the ne)144 518.4 R 1.753
+(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
+F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1
+(select)4.254 E F0 4.254(loop. If)4.254 F F3(n)4.614 E F0 1.754
+(is speci\214ed,)4.494 F 1.209(resume at the)144 530.4 R F3(n)3.709 E F0
+1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F3(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10
+/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F3(n)4.069 E F0 1.209
+(is greater than the number of enclosing)3.949 F .513
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(ailure if an error occurs with the temporary \214le of commands.)-.1 F
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-(automatically; it must be manually)3.053 F .293
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-(alue greater than zero.)-.25 F F3(OPTIND)144 357.6 Q F0
-(is set to the inde)2.25 E 2.5(xo)-.15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G
-(he \214rst non-option ar)-2.5 E(gument, and)-.18 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
-(is set to ?.)2.5 E F1(getopts)144 381.6 Q F0 2.392
-(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.892 F 2.392
-(ut if more ar)-.2 F 2.393(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 4.893
-(ni).15 G(n)-4.893 E F2(ar)4.893 E(gs)-.37 E F0(,).27 E F1(getopts)144
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-(In normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when in)6.07 F
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-(is set to 0, no error messages)2.644 F(will be displayed, e)144 453.6 Q
--.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(ft)-2.5 G(he \214rst character of)-2.5 E
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+(normally parses the positional parameters, b)4.893 F 2.392
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-(the directories in)144 626.4 R F1($P)3.456 E -.95(AT)-.74 G(H).95 E F0
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-(viously-remembered pathname is discarded.)-.25 F .243(If the)144 638.4
-R F1<ad70>2.743 E F0 .243
-(option is supplied, no path search is performed, and)2.743 F F2
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-(of the command.)144 650.4 R(The)6.711 E F1<ad72>4.211 E F0 1.711
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-(get all remembered locations.)-.18 F(The)6.712 E F1<ad64>4.212 E F0
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(get the remembered location of each)-.18 F F2(name)3.333 E F0 5.833(.I)
-C 3.333(ft)-5.833 G(he)-3.333 E F
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-3.333 F .703(plied, the full pathname to which each)144 674.4 R F2(name)
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686.4 R F1<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0
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3<ad74>3.333 E F0 .833(option is sup-)
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412.8 R F3<ad74>3.295 E F0 3.295(,t)C(he)-3.295 E F2(name)3.295 E F0
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(output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)144
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-(uiltins and shell control struc-)-.2 F(tures is printed.)144 120 Q F1
-<ad64>144 132 Q F0(Display a short description of each)24.74 E F2
-(pattern)2.5 E F1<ad6d>144 144 Q F0(Display the description of each)
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(Display only a short usage synopsis for each)26.41 E F2(pattern)2.5 E
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-(pattern)2.5 E F0(.).24 E F1(history [)108 189.6 Q F2(n)A F1(])A
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--.18 E F1(history \255anrw)108 225.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\214lename)A F0(])A
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+(history \255c)108 583.2 Q(history \255d)108 595.2 Q F2(of)2.5 E(fset)
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-261.6 S .752
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(th no options, display the command history list with line numbers.).4 F
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(ening blank is printed between the formatted)-.15 F .176
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2.676 E F0 .176
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-(ginning of the current)-.15 F F1(bash)180 381.6 Q F0
-(session\) to the history \214le.)2.5 E F1<ad6e>144 393.6 Q F0 .854(Rea\
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-(These are lines appended to the history \214le since the be)180 405.6 R
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(Perform history substitution on the follo)24.74 F(wing)-.25 E F2(ar)
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2.975 E(g)-.37 E F0 .475(must be quoted to disable)2.975 F
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-(he last command in the history list is)-5.363 F(remo)180 501.6 Q -.15
-(ve)-.15 G 2.5(db).15 G(efore the)-2.5 E F2(ar)2.83 E(gs)-.37 E F0
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+(Store the)26.41 F F2(ar)3.193 E(gs)-.37 E F0 .363
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(riable is set, the time stamp information associated with each history)
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-(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.669(.W)-.55 G .669
-(hen the history)-5.669 F .956(\214le is read, lines be)144 542.4 R .956
-(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .955
-(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .415
-(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 554.4 R .416
-(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .416
+.25 F .669(entry is written to the history \214le, mark)144 268.8 R .669
+(ed with the history comment character)-.1 F 5.668(.W)-.55 G .668
+(hen the history)-5.668 F .955(\214le is read, lines be)144 280.8 R .956
+(ginning with the history comment character follo)-.15 F .956
+(wed immediately by a digit)-.25 F .416
+(are interpreted as timestamps for the pre)144 292.8 R .416
+(vious history line.)-.25 F .416(The return v)5.416 F .415
(alue is 0 unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .499(option is e\
ncountered, an error occurs while reading or writing the history \214le\
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-(xpansion supplied as an ar)-.15 E(gument to)-.18 E F1<ad70>2.5 E F0 -.1
-(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(jobs)108 595.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255lnprs)A F0 2.5
-(][)C F2(jobspec)A F0(... ])2.5 E F1(jobs \255x)108 607.2 Q F2(command)
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-(The \214rst form lists the acti)144 619.2 Q .3 -.15(ve j)-.25 H 2.5
-(obs. The).15 F(options ha)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
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(List process IDs in addition to the normal information.)27.52 E F1
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-.19
4(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 655.2 Q F1<ad70>144
-667.2 Q F0(List only the process ID of the job')24.74 E 2.5(sp)-.55 G
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-(n, output is restricted to information about that job).15 F 5.313(.T)
--.4 G .313(he return status is 0 unless)-5.313 F(an in)144 720 Q -.25
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3(as last noti-)-.1 F(\214ed of their status.)180 393.6 Q F1<ad70>144
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(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered or an in).25 E -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25
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<ad6e>2.5 E F2(signum)2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F1<ad>2.5 E F2(sigspec)A F0 2.5
(][)C F2(pid)-2.5 E F0(|)2.5 E F2(jobspec)2.5 E F0 2.5(].)C(..)-2.5 E F1
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-(pre\214x\) or a signal)2.569 F(number;)144 160.8 Q F2(signum)4.189 E F0
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-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .594(nated by a signal.)144 208.8
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-(writes a list of local v)3.664 F 1.165
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+(isible scope restricted to that function and its children.).15 F -.4
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-350.4 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0(is a readonly v)2.5 E(ariable.)-.25 E F1
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480 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
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230.4 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6e>A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C
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-F F1(dirs)180 612 Q F0 2.5(,s)C(tarting with zero\) is at the top.)-2.5
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-(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.518 F 2.787(wc)
--.25 G .287(urrent w)-2.787 F .287(orking directory as)-.1 F
-(if it had been supplied as the ar)180 636 Q(gument to the)-.18 E F1(cd)
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-E F0 .488(command is successful, a)2.988 F F1(dirs)2.988 E F0 .488
-(is performed as well.)2.988 F .489(If the \214rst form is used,)5.488 F
-F1(pushd)2.989 E F0 1.04(returns 0 unless the cd to)144 664.8 R F2(dir)
-3.89 E F0 -.1(fa)4.27 G 3.539(ils. W).1 F 1.039(ith the second form,)-.4
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-(stack is empty)144 676.8 R 3.346(,an)-.65 G(on-e)-3.346 E .847(xistent\
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+(to the directory stack at the top, making it the ne)3.517 F 2.788(wc)
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directory stack element is speci\214ed, or the directory change to the)
--.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 688.8 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5
-E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 705.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .845
-(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 717.6 R .845
-(orking directory)-.1 F 5.844(.T)-.65 G .844
-(he pathname printed contains no)-5.844 F .181(symbolic links if the)144
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-.181(\255o ph)2.681 F(ysical)-.15 E F0 .181(option to the)2.681 F F1
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--.35 E 3.264(enabled. If)144 84 R(the)3.264 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
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-(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.264
-F .763(The return)5.763 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
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-G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 108 Q F1 -.18(re)108 124.8 S(ad).18
-E F0([)3.817 E F1(\255ers)A F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad61>-3.817 E/F2 10
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-(delim)3.817 E F0 3.817(][)C F1<ad69>-3.817 E F2(te)3.817 E(xt)-.2 E F0
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-(][)C F1<ad4e>-3.816 E F2(nc)3.816 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 3.816(][)C F1
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-([)108 136.8 Q F2(name)A F0(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the s\
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-F1<ad75>2.538 E F0 .038(option, and the \214rst w)2.538 F .038
-(ord is assigned to the \214rst)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E F0 2.539(,t).18 G
-.039(he second w)-2.539 F .039(ord to the second)-.1 F F2(name)2.539 E
-F0(,).18 E .42(and so on, with lefto)144 172.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw)
-.15 G .42(ords and their interv)-3.02 F .42
+-.15 F(speci\214ed ne)144 439.2 Q 2.5(wc)-.25 G(urrent directory f)-2.5
+E(ails.)-.1 E F1(pwd)108 456 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255LP)A F0(])A .844
+(Print the absolute pathname of the current w)144 468 R .845
+(orking directory)-.1 F 5.845(.T)-.65 G .845
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+(option is used, the pathname printed may contain symbolic links.)3.263
+F .764(The return)5.764 F 1.36(status is 0 unless an error occurs while\
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+-.4 G(lid).25 E(option is supplied.)144 516 Q F1 -.18(re)108 532.8 S(ad)
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+(][)C F1<ad75>-3.817 E F2(fd)3.817 E F0(])A([)108 544.8 Q F2(name)A F0
+(...])2.5 E .516(One line is read from the standard input, or from the \
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+(option, and the \214rst w)2.539 F .038(ord is assigned to the \214rst)
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+(and so on, with lefto)144 580.8 R -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.92(rw).15 G .42
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(ening separators assigned to the last)-.15 F F2(name)2.92 E F0 5.42(.I)
-.18 G 2.92(ft)-5.42 G(here)-2.92 E .54(are fe)144 184.8 R .54(wer w)-.25
-F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining names \
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-(characters in)2.511 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(IFS)2.511 E F0 .011
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+-.25 F .541(ords read from the input stream than names, the remaining n\
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(are used to split the line into w)2.261 F 2.511(ords. The)-.1 F .011
-(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.51(\)m)C(ay)-2.51 E 1.89
-(be used to remo)144 208.8 R 2.19 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.19 -.15(ny s).15 H
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+(backslash character \()2.511 F F1(\\)A F0 2.511(\)m)C(ay)-2.511 E 1.891
+(be used to remo)144 616.8 R 2.191 -.15(ve a)-.15 H 2.191 -.15(ny s).15
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(xt character read and for line continuation.)-.15 F
-(Options, if supplied, ha)144 220.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
-(wing meanings:)-.25 E F1<ad61>144 232.8 Q F2(aname)2.5 E F0 1.05(The w)
-180 244.8 R 1.049
+(Options, if supplied, ha)144 628.8 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E
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+(The w)180 652.8 R 1.049
(ords are assigned to sequential indices of the array v)-.1 F(ariable)
--.25 E F2(aname)3.549 E F0 3.549(,s).18 G 1.049(tarting at 0.)-3.549 F
-F2(aname)180.33 256.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5
--.25(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0
-(ar)2.5 E(guments are ignored.)-.18 E F1<ad64>144 268.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E
-F0(The \214rst character of)180 280.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
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+(aname)180.33 664.8 Q F0(is unset before an)2.68 E 2.5(yn)-.15 G .5 -.25
+(ew va)-2.5 H(lues are assigned.).25 E(Other)5 E F2(name)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5
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+(The \214rst character of)180 688.8 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E
-F1<ad65>144 292.8 Q F0 .372
+F1<ad65>144 700.8 Q F0 .373
(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re)
-2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E F3(READLINE)2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G(sed)-2.873 E .218
-(to obtain the line.)180 304.8 R .218
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+(to obtain the line.)180 712.8 R .218
(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E
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-F1<ad69>144 328.8 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715
-G(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)
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-.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 340.8 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144
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-F0 1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E
-F0 1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394
-(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 376.8 Q
-(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E
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-(ad).18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)
-3.769 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F
-1.27(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 412.8 R F1 -.18(re)
-2.775 G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274
-(Delimiter characters encoun-)5.274 F 1.002
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 424.8
-R F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)
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-144 448.8 Q F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 460.8 Q F2(pr)3.661 E
-(ompt)-.45 E F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161
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+-.25 F(ing be)180 96 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144 108 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)
+-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 120 S(ad).18 E F0 1.394
+(returns after reading)3.894 F F2(nc)3.894 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.395
+(characters rather than w)3.894 F 1.395(aiting for a complete line of)
+-.1 F(input, b)180 132 Q(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25
+E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0
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+(returns after reading e)3.77 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769 E(har)-.15 E
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+(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .274
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 168 R F1 -.18(re)2.775
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+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 180 R
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+F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 216 Q F2(pr)3.66 E(ompt)-.45 E F0
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(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)
--.25 F(an)180 472.8 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
+-.25 F(an)180 228 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 484.8 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
-25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F(the line.)180 496.8 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
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(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 508.8 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
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(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 520.8 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 532.8 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549
-G(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048
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(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
-180 544.8 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
-(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing)
--.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 556.8 R .576(This option is only ef)
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5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G
-(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141
-(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 568.8 R .142
-(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E
-F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 580.8 S(ad).18 E
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F0 .61(returns immediately)3.11 F 3.11(,w)-.65 G .61
(ithout trying to read an)-3.11 F 3.11(yd)-.15 G 3.11(ata. The)-3.11 F
--.15(ex)3.11 G .61(it statis is 0 if input is).15 F -.2(av)180 592.8 S
-1.223(ailable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)-.05 F 3.723(,n)-.4 G
-1.223(on-zero otherwise.)-3.723 F 1.224(The e)6.223 F 1.224
-(xit status is greater)-.15 F(than 128 if the timeout is e)180 604.8 Q
-(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 616.8 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
-(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192
-(If no)144 633.6 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192
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-F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191
-(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 645.6 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad)
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+(xit status is greater)-.15 F(than 128 if the timeout is e)180 360 Q
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+(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .191
+(If no)144 388.8 R F2(names)3.051 E F0 .191
+(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.961 F(ariable)-.25 E
+/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.692 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
+F0 .192(The return code is zero,)4.692 F 1.344
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 400.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.844 G(ad)
.18 E F0 1.343
-(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F
-(128\), or an in)144 657.6 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
-(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1
-<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 674.4 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
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+(128\), a v)144 412.8 R .871
+(ariable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v)-.25 F
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+(\214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 424.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1
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(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A
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-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77
(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0
.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144
-
698.4 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
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-(Use an emacs-style command line editing interf)13.9 F 2.589(ace. This)
--.1 F .089(is enabled by def)2.589 F(ault)-.1 E .95
-(when the shell is interacti)224 144 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.45(,u).15 G .95
-(nless the shell is started with the)-3.45 F F1(\255\255noediting)3.45 E
-F0 2.5(option. This)224 156 R(also af)2.5 E(fects the editing interf)
--.25 E(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0(.)A F1(err)
-184 168 Q(exit)-.18 E F0(Same as)11.31 E F1<ad65>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(errtrace)184 180 Q F0(Same as)5.03 E F1<ad45>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(functrace)
-184 192 Q F0(Same as)224 204 Q F1<ad54>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(hashall)184 216 Q
-F0(Same as)9.43 E F1<ad68>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(histexpand)184 228 Q F0
-(Same as)224 240 Q F1<ad48>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(history)184 252 Q F0 .587
-(Enable command history)10 F 3.087(,a)-.65 G 3.087(sd)-3.087 G .587
-(escribed abo)-3.087 F .887 -.15(ve u)-.15 H(nder).15 E/F2 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(HIST)3.087 E(OR)-.162 E(Y)-.315 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF
-(.)A F0 .587(This option is)5.087 F(on by def)224 264 Q
-(ault in interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E F1(ignor)184
-276 Q(eeof)-.18 E F0 1.656(The ef)224 288 R 1.656
-(fect is as if the shell command)-.25 F/F4 10/Courier@0 SF(IGNOREEOF=10)
-4.157 E F0 1.657(had been e)4.157 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted).15 E(\(see)224
-300 Q F1(Shell V)2.5 E(ariables)-.92 E F0(abo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(\).)
-.15 E F1 -.1(ke)184 312 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 324 Q F1
-<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 336 Q F0(Same as)5.56 E F1<ad6d>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 348 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224 360 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E
-F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 372 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(noglob)184 384 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nolog)184
-396 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184 408 Q F0(Same as)15 E
-F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 420 Q F0(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5
-E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 432 Q F0(Same as)6.67 E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(ph)184 444 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-(pipefail)184 456 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)7.77 F 1.029
-(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029
-(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 468 R
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF -.1(ke)184 84 S(yw).1 E(ord)-.1 E F0
+(Same as)224 96 Q F1<ad6b>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(monitor)184 108 Q F0(Same as)
+5.56 E F1<ad6d>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noclob)184 120 Q(ber)-.1 E F0(Same as)224
+132 Q F1<ad43>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noexec)184 144 Q F0(Same as)11.12 E F1
+<ad6e>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(noglob)184 156 Q F0(Same as)11.1 E F1<ad66>2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1(nolog)184 168 Q F0(Currently ignored.)16.66 E F1(notify)184
+180 Q F0(Same as)15 E F1<ad62>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(nounset)184 192 Q F0
+(Same as)6.66 E F1<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(onecmd)184 204 Q F0(Same as)6.67
+E F1<ad74>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(ph)184 216 Q(ysical)-.15 E F0(Same as)5.14 E
+F1<ad50>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(pipefail)184 228 Q F0 1.03(If set, the return v)
+7.77 F 1.029(alue of a pipeline is the v)-.25 F 1.029
+(alue of the last \(rightmost\) com-)-.25 F 1.136(mand to e)224 240 R
1.136
(xit with a non-zero status, or zero if all commands in the pipeline)
--.15 F -.15(ex)224 480 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
-(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 492 Q F0
+-.15 F -.15(ex)224 252 S(it successfully).15 E 5(.T)-.65 G
+(his option is disabled by def)-5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(posix)184 264 Q F0
2.091(Change the beha)17.77 F 2.091(vior of)-.2 F F1(bash)4.591 E F0
2.091(where the def)4.591 F 2.091(ault operation dif)-.1 F 2.091
-(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 504 Q
-/F5 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 516 Q(vileged)
--.1 E F0(Same as)224 528 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 540 S
-(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 552 Q F0
+(fers from the)-.25 F(POSIX standard to match the standard \()224 276 Q
+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(posix mode)A F0(\).)A F1(pri)184 288 Q(vileged)
+-.1 E F0(Same as)224 300 Q F1<ad70>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.1(ve)184 312 S
+(rbose).1 E F0(Same as)7.33 E F1<ad76>2.5 E F0(.)A F1(vi)184 324 Q F0
1.465(Use a vi-style command line editing interf)32.22 F 3.966
(ace. This)-.1 F 1.466(also af)3.966 F 1.466(fects the editing)-.25 F
-(interf)224 564 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0
-(.)A F1(xtrace)184
576 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184
-594 Q F1<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F5
+(interf)224 336 Q(ace used for)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)2.5 G(ad \255e).18 E F0
+(.)A F1(xtrace)184
348 Q F0(Same as)13.35 E F1<ad78>2.5 E F0(.)A(If)184
+366 Q F1<ad6f>3.053 E F0 .553(is supplied with no)3.053 F F2
(option\255name)3.053 E F0 3.053(,t)C .553(he v)-3.053 F .552
(alues of the current options are printed.)-.25 F(If)5.552 E F1(+o)184
-606 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F5(option\255name)3.571 E F0
+378 Q F0 1.071(is supplied with no)3.571 F F2(option\255name)3.571 E F0
3.571(,as)C 1.071(eries of)-3.571 F F1(set)3.572 E F0 1.072
(commands to recreate the current)3.572 F
-(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
618 Q F1<ad70>
-144 630 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.072(rn on).45 F F5(privile)4.822 E -.1
+(option settings is displayed on the standard output.)184
390 Q F1<ad70>
+144 402 Q F0 -.45(Tu)28.74 G 1.072(rn on).45 F F2(privile)4.822 E -.1
(ge)-.4 G(d).1 E F0 3.572(mode. In)4.342 F 1.072(this mode, the)3.572 F
-F2($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F2($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)-.27 E F0 1.071
-(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5
-(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 642 R 1.501
-(vironment, and the)-.4 F F2(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E F3(,)A F2 -.27(BA)184 654
-S(SHOPTS).27 E F3(,)A F2(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G(H).855 E F3(,)A F0
-(and)2.775 E F2(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G .524
-(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F
-(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 666 R .379
+/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF($ENV)3.572 E F0(and)3.322 E F3($B)3.572 E(ASH_ENV)
+-.27 E F0 1.071(\214les are not pro-)3.322 F 1.5
+(cessed, shell functions are not inherited from the en)184 414 R 1.501
+(vironment, and the)-.4 F F3(SHELLOPTS)4.001 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A
+F3 -.27(BA)184 426 S(SHOPTS).27 E F4(,)A F3(CDP)2.775 E -.855(AT)-.666 G
+(H).855 E F4(,)A F0(and)2.775 E F3(GLOBIGNORE)3.025 E F0 -.25(va)2.775 G
+.524(riables, if the).25 F 3.024(ya)-.15 G .524(ppear in the en)-3.024 F
+(vironment,)-.4 E .379(are ignored.)184 438 R .379
(If the shell is started with the ef)5.379 F(fecti)-.25 E .679 -.15
(ve u)-.25 H .38(ser \(group\) id not equal to the real).15 F .462
-(user \(group\) id, and the)184
678 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
+(user \(group\) id, and the)184
450 R F1<ad70>2.961 E F0 .461
(option is not supplied, these actions are tak)2.961 F .461
-(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 690 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
+(en and the ef)-.1 F(fec-)-.25 E(ti)184 462 Q .694 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .394
(ser id is set to the real user id.).15 F .395(If the)5.395 F F1<ad70>
2.895 E F0 .395(option is supplied at startup, the ef)2.895 F(fecti)-.25
-E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 702 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
+E -.15(ve)-.25 G .387(user id is not reset.)184 474 R -.45(Tu)5.387 G
.387(rning this option of).45 F 2.886(fc)-.25 G .386(auses the ef)-2.886
F(fecti)-.25 E .686 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .386(ser and group ids to be).15 F
-(set to the real user and group ids.)184 714 Q(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
-(2011 September 25)135.955 E(63)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 64 64
-%%BeginPageSetup
-BP
-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad74>144 84 Q F0(Exit after reading and e)
-30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15 E F1<ad75>144 96 Q F0
--.35(Tr)28.74 G .043(eat unset v).35 F .044(ariables and parameters oth\
-er than the special parameters "@" and "*" as an)-.25 F .183
-(error when performing parameter e)184 108 R 2.683(xpansion. If)-.15 F
--.15(ex)2.683 G .182(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25
-E .746(able or parameter)184 120 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 486 Q F1<ad74>144 498 Q F0
+(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15
+E F1<ad75>144 510 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .043(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\
+bles and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" as an)
+-.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 522 R 2.683
+(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182
+(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746
+(able or parameter)184 534 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184
-132 Q F1<ad76>144 144 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya)
--.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 156 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315
-(xpanding each)-.15 F/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF .315(simple command)2.815
-F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E
-F0(command,)2.815 E F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235
-(or arithmetic)184 168 R F1 -.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236
-(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)
--.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(PS4)3.736 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F0
-(follo)3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 180 Q
+546 Q F1<ad76>144 558 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya)
+-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 570 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315
+(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)
+2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E
+F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 582 R F1
+-.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236
+(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)
+3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 594 Q
(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
-<ad42>144 192 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
+<ad42>144 606 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 204 Q
-(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 216 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 618 Q
+(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 630 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E
F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F
-3.054(tors. This)184 228 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
+3.054(tors. This)184 642 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 240 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 252 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on)
+.15 F(tor)184 654 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 666 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on)
-2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
-F .839(mands e)184 264 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F .839(mands e)184 678 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 276 Q F1
-<ad48>144 288 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 690 Q F1
+<ad48>144 702 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 300 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 312 Q F0 1.165
-(If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164
-(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.164
-(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821
-(that change the current w)184 324 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
+F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 714 Q -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 December 24)136.795 E(64)
+185.955 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 65 65
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad50>144 84 Q F0 .96
+(If set, the shell does not resolv)28.19 F 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
+(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .959
+(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.459 E F0 2.821
+(that change the current w)184 96 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 336 R(def)2.686
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.686(instead. By)184 108 R(def)2.686
E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
-(mands which change the current directory)184
348 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
-360 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(mands which change the current directory)184
120 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+132 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 372 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 144 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 384 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 396 Q
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 156 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 168 Q
F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 408 Q
-F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G
-(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144
-420 Q F0 1.945(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2
-(ar)4.444 E(g)-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G
-1.944(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 432 R
-F1<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945
+(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 180 Q
+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
+(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>
+2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 192 Q F0 1.945
+(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g)
+-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944
+(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 204 R F1
+<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945
(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)
3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B
-(parameters remain unchanged.)184 444 Q .425(The options are of)144
-460.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+(parameters remain unchanged.)184 216 Q .425(The options are of)144
+232.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 472.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 244.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 484.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+(current set of options may be found in)144 256.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 496.8 Q F1(shift)108 513.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 525.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
+(is encountered.)144 268.8 Q F1(shift)108 285.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 297.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
-.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 537.6 Q F1($#)2.583
+.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 309.6 Q F1($#)2.583
E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
-.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 549.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 321.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 561.6 R
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 333.6 R
.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 573.6 Q F1(shopt)108 590.4 Q F0([)
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 345.6 Q F1(shopt)108 362.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 602.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 374.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
(alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1
<ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\
-ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 614.4 R(The)
-144
626.4 Q F1<ad70>2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
+ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 386.4 R(The)
+144
398.4 Q F1<ad70>2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options)
-5.328 F(ha)144 638.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 650.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
-E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 662.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
-(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 674.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
+5.328 F(ha)144 410.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 422.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
+E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 434.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
+(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 446.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2
-(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 686.4 R .255
+(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 458.4 R .255
(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256
(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F
-(all)180 698.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
-2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 710.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
+(all)180 470.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
+2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 482.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0
(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625
-(If either)144
727.2 R F1<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0
+(If either)144
499.2 R F1<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0
.624(is used with no)3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)
-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624
-(ws only those options which are)-.25 F(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
-(2011 September 25)135.955 E(64)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 65 65
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E 2.233(set or unset, respecti)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
-7.234(.U)-.65 G 2.234(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 96 Q(ault.)-.1 E
-1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 112.8 R
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544
-(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F .696
+(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233(set or unset, respecti)144
+511.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)-.65 G 2.234
+(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234
+(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 523.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E
+1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 540 R F2
+(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 124.8 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696
-(alid shell)-.25 F(option.)144 136.8 Q(The list of)144 153.6 Q F1(shopt)
-2.5 E F0(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 171.6 Q F0 .2
+144 552 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
+-.25 F(option.)144 564 Q(The list of)144 580.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
+(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 598.8 Q F0 .2
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
-.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 183.6 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+(ment to the)184 610.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 195.6 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 207.6 R .155
+F1(cdable_v)144 622.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 634.8 R .155
(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 219.6 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 231.6 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 646.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 658.8 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
-(corrected. The)184 243.6 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
+(corrected. The)184 670.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 255.6 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
+-.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 682.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 267.6 Q
+(the command proceeds.)184 694.8 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F1(checkhash)144 279.6 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 291.6 R F1(bash)
+.15 E F1(checkhash)144 706.8 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 718.8 R F1(bash)
4.579 E F0 2.079(checks that a command found in the hash table e)4.579 F
-2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 303.6 S(cute it.).15 E
+2.08(xists before trying to)-.15 F -.15(exe)184 730.8 S(cute it.).15 E
(If a hashed command no longer e)5 E
-(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E F1(checkjobs)144 315.6
-Q F0 .449(If set,)184 327.6 R F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449
-(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G .448
-(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)-.15
-F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 339.6 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15 G
-.938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938
+(xists, a normal path search is performed.)-.15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
+(2011 December 24)136.795 E(65)185.955 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 66 66
+%%BeginPageSetup
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+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(checkjobs)144 84 Q F0 .449(If set,)184 96 R
+F1(bash)2.949 E F0 .449(lists the status of an)2.949 F 2.949(ys)-.15 G
+.448(topped and running jobs before e)-2.949 F .448(xiting an interacti)
+-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.438(shell. If)184 108 R(an)3.438 E 3.438(yj)-.15
+G .938(obs are running, this causes the e)-3.438 F .938
(xit to be deferred until a second e)-.15 F .939(xit is)-.15 F 2.203
-(attempted without an interv)184 351.6 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15
-F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 363.6 Q -.1(wa)
--.1 G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
-(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 375.6 Q F0 .796(If set,)184
-387.6 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G
+(attempted without an interv)184 120 R 2.203(ening command \(see)-.15 F
+/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.203(JOB CONTR)4.703 F(OL)-.27 E F0(abo)4.453 E
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 4.703(\). The).15 F(shell)4.703 E(al)184 132 Q -.1(wa)-.1
+G(ys postpones e).1 E(xiting if an)-.15 E 2.5(yj)-.15 G
+(obs are stopped.)-2.5 E F1(checkwinsize)144 144 Q F0 .796(If set,)184
+156 R F1(bash)3.296 E F0 .796(checks the windo)3.296 F 3.296(ws)-.25 G
.797(ize after each command and, if necessary)-3.296 F 3.297(,u)-.65 G
-.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 399.6 S(lues of).25 E F3(LINES)2.5
-E F0(and)2.25 E F3(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)
-144 411.6 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202
-(attempts to sa)3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
+.797(pdates the)-3.297 F -.25(va)184 168 S(lues of).25 E F2(LINES)2.5 E
+F0(and)2.25 E F2(COLUMNS)2.5 E/F3 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F1(cmdhist)144
+180 Q F0 1.202(If set,)6.11 F F1(bash)3.702 E F0 1.202(attempts to sa)
+3.702 F 1.502 -.15(ve a)-.2 H 1.202
(ll lines of a multiple-line command in the same history).15 F(entry)184
-423.6 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
-(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 435.6
-Q F0 .419(If set,)184 447.6 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)
-2.919 F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42
-(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)-.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the)184
-459.6 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0(conditional command')2.5 E(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.5 E
-F0(operator)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1(compat32)144 471.6 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184
-483.6 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0 1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409
-(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409
+192 Q 5(.T)-.65 G(his allo)-5 E
+(ws easy re-editing of multi-line commands.)-.25 E F1(compat31)144 204 Q
+F0 .419(If set,)184 216 R F1(bash)2.919 E F0 .419(changes its beha)2.919
+F .419(vior to that of v)-.2 F .42(ersion 3.1 with respect to quoted ar)
+-.15 F(guments)-.18 E(to the)184 228 Q F1([[)2.5 E F0
+(conditional command')2.5 E(s)-.55 E F1(=~)2.5 E F0(operator)2.5 E(.)
+-.55 E F1(compat32)144 240 Q F0 1.41(If set,)184 252 R F1(bash)3.91 E F0
+1.41(changes its beha)3.91 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.409
(ersion 3.2 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F 1.265
-(string comparison when using the)184 495.6 R F1([[)3.766 E F0 1.266
+(string comparison when using the)184 264 R F1([[)3.766 E F0 1.266
(conditional command')3.766 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)3.766 E F0(and)3.766 E F1(>)
-3.766 E F0 3.766(operators. Bash)3.766 F -.15(ve)184 507.6 S .513
-(rsions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and).15 F F2(str)3.012 E
-(cmp)-.37 E F0 .512(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the).19 F
-(current locale')184 519.6 Q 2.5(sc)-.55 G(ollation sequence and)-2.5 E
-F2(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat40)144 531.6 Q F0
-1.409(If set,)184 543.6 R F1(bash)3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)
-3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F 1.41
-(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423
-(string comparison when using the)184 555.6 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422
+3.766 E F0 3.766(operators. Bash)3.766 F -.15(ve)184 276 S .513
+(rsions prior to bash-4.1 use ASCII collation and).15 F/F4 10
+/Times-Italic@0 SF(str)3.012 E(cmp)-.37 E F0 .512
+(\(3\); bash-4.1 and later use the).19 F(current locale')184 288 Q 2.5
+(sc)-.55 G(ollation sequence and)-2.5 E F4(str)2.5 E(coll)-.37 E F0
+(\(3\).).51 E F1(compat40)144 300 Q F0 1.409(If set,)184 312 R F1(bash)
+3.909 E F0 1.409(changes its beha)3.909 F 1.409(vior to that of v)-.2 F
+1.41(ersion 4.0 with respect to locale-speci\214c)-.15 F .423
+(string comparison when using the)184 324 R F1([[)2.922 E F0 .422
(conditional command')2.922 F(s)-.55 E F1(<)2.922 E F0(and)2.922 E F1(>)
2.922 E F0 .422(operators \(see pre-)2.922 F(vious item\) and the ef)184
-567.6 Q(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(compat41)144
-579.6 Q F0 1.443(If set,)184 591.6 R F1(bash)3.943 E F0 3.943(,w)C 1.444
+336 Q(fect of interrupting a command list.)-.25 E F1(compat41)144 348 Q
+F0 1.443(If set,)184 360 R F1(bash)3.943 E F0 3.943(,w)C 1.444
(hen in posix mode, treats a single quote in a double-quoted parameter)
--3.943 F -.15(ex)184 603.6 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F
+-3.943 F -.15(ex)184 372 S .959(pansion as a special character).15 F
5.959(.T)-.55 G .958(he single quotes must match \(an e)-5.959 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.458(nn).15 G .958(umber\) and)-3.458 F .59
-(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184
-615.6 R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59
-(posix mode through v)184 627.6 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def)
+(the characters between the single quotes are considered quoted.)184 384
+R .59(This is the beha)5.59 F .59(vior of)-.2 F .59
+(posix mode through v)184 396 R .589(ersion 4.1.)-.15 F .589(The def)
5.589 F .589(ault bash beha)-.1 F .589(vior remains as in pre)-.2 F .589
-(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 639.6 Q F1
-(complete_fullquote)144 651.6 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 663.6 R F1(bash)
-3.153 E F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and dire\
-ctory names when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525(forming completion.)184 675.6
-R 1.524(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15
-G 4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F
+(vious v)-.25 F(er)-.15 E(-)-.2 E(sions.)184 408 Q F1
+(complete_fullquote)144 420 Q F0 .653(If set,)184 432 R F1(bash)3.153 E
+F0 .653(quotes all shell metacharacters in \214lenames and directory na\
+mes when per)3.153 F(-)-.2 E 1.525(forming completion.)184 444 R 1.524
+(If not set,)6.525 F F1(bash)4.024 E F0(remo)4.024 E -.15(ve)-.15 G
+4.024(sm).15 G 1.524(etacharacters such as the dollar sign)-4.024 F
2.667(from the set of characters that will be quoted in completed \214l\
-enames when these)184 687.6 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184
-699.6 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)
--.1 F .028(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 711.6 R
-1.073(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073
+enames when these)184 456 R .029(metacharacters appear in shell v)184
+468 R .028(ariable references in w)-.25 F .028(ords to be completed.)-.1
+F .028(This means)5.028 F 1.072(that dollar signs in v)184 480 R 1.073
+(ariable names that e)-.25 F 1.073
(xpand to directories will not be quoted; ho)-.15 F(w-)-.25 E -2.15 -.25
-(ev e)184 723.6 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
+(ev e)184 492 T 1.923 -.4(r, a).25 H 1.423 -.15(ny d).4 H 1.123
(ollar signs appearing in \214lenames will not be quoted, either).15 F
-6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G(GNU Bash 4.2)
-72 768 Q(2011 September 25)135.955 E(65)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
-%%Page: 66 66
-%%BeginPageSetup
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-%%EndPageSetup
-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E .59
+6.123(.T)-.55 G 1.122(his is acti)-6.123 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .59
(only when bash is using backslashes to quote completed \214lenames.)184
-84 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 96 Q
+504 R .59(This v)5.59 F .59(ariable is set)-.25 F(by def)184 516 Q
(ault, which is the def)-.1 E(ault bash beha)-.1 E(vior in v)-.2 E
-(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(dir)144 108 Q(expand)
--.18 E F0 .487(If set,)184 120 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486
+(ersions through 4.2.)-.15 E F1(dir)144 528 Q(expand)-.18 E F0 .487
+(If set,)184 540 R F1(bash)2.987 E F0 .486
(replaces directory names with the results of w)2.986 F .486(ord e)-.1 F
.486(xpansion when perform-)-.15 F .179(ing \214lename completion.)184
-132 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F
+552 R .179(This changes the contents of the readline editing b)5.179 F
(uf)-.2 E(fer)-.25 E 5.18(.I)-.55 G 2.68(fn)-5.18 G(ot)-2.68 E(set,)184
-144 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G
-(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 156 Q F0 .859(If set,)7.77 F
+564 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(attempts to preserv)2.5 E 2.5(ew)-.15 G
+(hat the user typed.)-2.5 E F1(dirspell)144 576 Q F0 .859(If set,)7.77 F
F1(bash)3.359 E F0 .858
(attempts spelling correction on directory names during w)3.359 F .858
(ord completion if)-.1 F
-(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 168 Q(xist.)-.15 E
-F1(dotglob)144 180 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165
+(the directory name initially supplied does not e)184 588 Q(xist.)-.15 E
+F1(dotglob)144 600 Q F0 .165(If set,)7.77 F F1(bash)2.665 E F0 .165
(includes \214lenames be)2.665 F .165(ginning with a `.)-.15 F 2.665('i)
-.7 G 2.665(nt)-2.665 G .165(he results of pathname e)-2.665 F
-(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 192 Q F0 1.387
+(xpansion.)-.15 E F1(execfail)144 612 Q F0 1.387
(If set, a non-interacti)7.79 F 1.687 -.15(ve s)-.25 H 1.386
(hell will not e).15 F 1.386(xit if it cannot e)-.15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
-1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 204 Q
+1.386(cute the \214le speci\214ed as an).15 F(ar)184 624 Q
(gument to the)-.18 E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin command.).2 E
(An interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hell does not e).15 E(xit if)-.15
-E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 216 Q F0
-.716(If set, aliases are e)184 228 R .717(xpanded as described abo)-.15
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-(by def)184 240 Q(ault for interacti)-.1 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
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-(gument.)-.18 E F1(2.)184 300 Q F0 1.667(If the command run by the)28.5
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-(If the command run by the)28.5 F F1(DEB)3.341 E(UG)-.1 E F0 .841
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+E F1(exec)2.5 E F0 -.1(fa)2.5 G(ils.).1 E F1(expand_aliases)144 636 Q F0
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(cuting in a subroutine \(a shell function or a shell script e).15 F
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-(sour)220 348 Q(ce)-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltins\), a call to).2 E F1
--.18(re)2.5 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0(is simulated.)2.5 E F1(4.)184 360 Q
-F2 -.27(BA)28.5 G(SH_ARGC).27 E F0(and)3.154 E F2 -.27(BA)3.404 G
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(Function tracing is enabled:)28.5 F 1.359
(command substitution, shell functions, and sub-)6.359 F(shells in)220
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(xtended pattern matching features described abo)-.15 F .7 -.15(ve u)
--.15 H(nder).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.9 G .4(thname Expan-).1 F(sion)184 444 Q
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-(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(failglob)144 492 Q F0
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1.424(If set, patterns which f)7.77 F 1.425
(ail to match \214lenames during pathname e)-.1 F 1.425
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--.55 E F1 -.25(fo)144 516 S -.18(rc).25 G(e_\214gnor).18 E(e)-.18 E F0
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--.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 540 R .32
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-(If set, range e)184 588 R .806
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(tter).09 E 3.056(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.056 E F0(abo)3.056 E -.15(ve)
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-(as if in the traditional C locale when performing comparisons.)184 600
-R 2.089(That is, the current)7.089 F(locale')184 612 Q 2.613(sc)-.55 G
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-(and)2.614 E F1(B)184 624 Q F0 2.5(,a)C(nd upper)-2.5 E(-case and lo)-.2
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(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431
-(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 648 R .431
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-660 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 672 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\
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-696 Q F0 .676
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(If set, the history list is appended to the \214le named by the v)184
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--.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q
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-/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
--.35 E/F1 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(histr)144 84 Q(eedit)-.18 E F0 .575
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-(tory substitution.)184 108 Q F1(histv)144 120 Q(erify)-.1 E F0 .403
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2.5(,a)-.4 G(llo)-2.5 E(wing further modi\214cation.)-.25 E F1
-(hostcomplete)144 168 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 180 R F1 -.18(re)3.682
+(hostcomplete)144 600 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 612 R F1 -.18(re)3.682
G(adline).18 E F0 1.182(is being used,)3.682 F F1(bash)3.682 E F0 1.181
(will attempt to perform hostname completion)3.681 F 1.38(when a w)184
-192 R 1.38(ord containing a)-.1 F F1(@)3.881 E F0 1.381
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-216 Q F0(If set,)184 228 Q F1(bash)2.5 E F0(will send)2.5 E F2(SIGHUP)
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--.15 G 3.467(\). This).15 F .968(option is)3.468 F(enabled by def)184
-276 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(lastpipe)144 288 Q F0 1.212
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(If set, and job control is not acti)6.66 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.712(,t).15
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F1(cmdhist)3.154 E F0 .654
(option is enabled, multi-line commands are sa)3.154 F -.15(ve)-.2 G
3.155(dt).15 G 3.155(ot)-3.155 G .655(he history)-3.155 F
-(with embedded ne)184 324 Q
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(wlines rather than using semicolon separators where possible.)-.25 E F1
-(login_shell)144 336 Q F0 .486
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(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
-348 R F2(INV)2.986 E(OCA)-.405 E(TION)-.855 E F0(abo)2.736 E -.15(ve)
--.15 G 2.986(\). The).15 F -.25(va)184 360 S(lue may not be changed.).25
-E F1(mailwar)144 372 Q(n)-.15 E F0 .814(If set, and a \214le that)184
-384 R F1(bash)3.314 E F0 .815
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(is checking for mail has been accessed since the last time it)3.314 F
--.1(wa)184 396 S 2.5(sc).1 G(heck)-2.5 E(ed, the message `)-.1 E
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-(no_empty_cmd_completion)144 408 Q F0 .325(If set, and)184 420 R F1 -.18
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(re)2.825 G(adline).18 E F0 .325(is being used,)2.825 F F1(bash)2.824 E
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(pansion \(see).15 E F1 -.1(Pa)2.5 G(thname Expansion).1 E F0(abo)2.5 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G(\).).15 E F1(nocasematch)144 480 Q F0 1.194(If set,)184
-492 R F1(bash)3.694 E F0 1.194(matches patterns in a case\255insensiti)
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(ws patterns which match no \214les \(see)-.25 F F1 -.1(Pa)3.355 G .855
(thname Expansion).1 F F0(abo)3.355 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.355(\)t).15 G(o)
--3.355 E -.15(ex)184 540 S(pand to a null string, rather than themselv)
-.15 E(es.)-.15 E F1(pr)144 552 Q(ogcomp)-.18 E F0 .677
-(If set, the programmable completion f)184 564 R .677(acilities \(see)
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+(If set, the programmable completion f)184 360 R .677(acilities \(see)
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--.15(ve)-.15 G(\)).15 E(are enabled.)184 576 Q
-(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 588 Q(omptv)
--.18 E(ars)-.1 E F0 1.447(If set, prompt strings under)184 600 R 1.448
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+(This option is enabled by def)5 E(ault.)-.1 E F1(pr)144 384 Q(omptv)
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(go parameter e)-.18 F 1.448(xpansion, command substitution, arithmetic)
--.15 F -.15(ex)184 612 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15
+-.15 F -.15(ex)184 408 S .171(pansion, and quote remo).15 F -.25(va)-.15
G 2.67(la).25 G .17(fter being e)-2.67 F .17(xpanded as described in)
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172.8 R F1<ad66>2.523 E F0 .023
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(SHELL GRAMMAR)2.646 F F0(abo)2.396 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.646(\). Refer).15
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1<ad70>2.613 E
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531.6 Q F1<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F
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<ad70>3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743
(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
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567.6 R F1<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F1<ad66>3.723 E F0
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340.8 R F4<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F4<ad66>3.723 E F0
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-
364.8 R F1<ad70>2.902 E F0 2.902(,w)C .402
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-376.8 S 3.083(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083
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+F0(\(1\),)A F4(csh)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F4(emacs)108 268.8 Q F0(\(1\),)A F4
+(vi)2.5 E F0(\(1\))A F4 -.37(re)108 280.8 S(adline).37 E F0(\(3\))A F3
+(FILES)72 297.6 Q F4(/bin/bash)109.666 309.6 Q F0(The)144 321.6 Q F1
+(bash)2.5 E F0 -.15(exe)2.5 G(cutable).15 E F4(/etc/pr)109.666 333.6 Q
+(o\214le)-.45 E F0(The systemwide initialization \214le, e)144 345.6 Q
+-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bash_pr)109.666 357.6
+Q(o\214le)-.45 E F0(The personal initialization \214le, e)144 369.6 Q
+-.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted for login shells).15 E F4(~/.bashr)109.666 381.6 Q
+(c)-.37 E F0(The indi)144 393.6 Q(vidual per)-.25 E(-interacti)-.2 E
+-.15(ve)-.25 G(-shell startup \214le).15 E F4(~/.bash_lo)109.666 405.6 Q
+(gout)-.1 E F0(The indi)144 417.6 Q
+(vidual login shell cleanup \214le, e)-.25 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
+(cuted when a login shell e).15 E(xits)-.15 E F4(~/.inputr)109.666 429.6
+Q(c)-.37 E F0(Indi)144 441.6 Q(vidual)-.25 E F4 -.37(re)2.5 G(adline).37
+E F0(initialization \214le)2.5 E F3 -.548(AU)72 458.4 S(THORS).548 E F0
+(Brian F)108 470.4 Q(ox, Free Softw)-.15 E(are F)-.1 E(oundation)-.15 E
+(bfox@gnu.or)108 482.4 Q(g)-.18 E(Chet Rame)108 499.2 Q 1.3 -.65(y, C)
+-.15 H(ase W).65 E(estern Reserv)-.8 E 2.5(eU)-.15 G(ni)-2.5 E -.15(ve)
+-.25 G(rsity).15 E(chet.rame)108 511.2 Q(y@case.edu)-.15 E F3 -.11(BU)72
+528 S 2.738(GR).11 G(EPOR)-2.738 E(TS)-.438 E F0 .567(If you \214nd a b)
+108 540 R .568(ug in)-.2 F F1(bash,)3.068 E F0 .568
+(you should report it.)3.068 F .568(But \214rst, you should mak)5.568 F
+3.068(es)-.1 G .568(ure that it really is a b)-3.068 F .568(ug, and)-.2
+F 5.626(that it appears in the latest v)108 552 R 5.625(ersion of)-.15 F
+F1(bash)8.125 E F0 10.625(.T)C 5.625(he latest v)-10.625 F 5.625
(ersion is al)-.15 F -.1(wa)-.1 G 5.625(ys a).1 F -.25(va)-.2 G 5.625
-(ilable from).25 F/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 120 Q
-(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 E F0(.)A .41(Once you ha)108 136.8 R .71 -.15
-(ve d)-.2 H .41(etermined that a b).15 F .41(ug actually e)-.2 F .411
-(xists, use the)-.15 F F3(bashb)3.181 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .411
-(command to submit a b)3.131 F .411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E .595
-(you ha)108 148.8 R .895 -.15(ve a \214)-.2 H .595
-(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F .594
-(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .594(ug reports may)-.2 F
-(be mailed to)108 160.8 Q F3 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0
-(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F2(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug)
--.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 177.6 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)
-108 194.4 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F2(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 206.4
-Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 218.4
-Q 2.5(Ad)108 230.4 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2
-E 2.5(As)108 242.4 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15
-G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F3(bashb)108.27 259.2 Q(ug)-.2 E F0
+(ilable from).25 F F4(ftp://ftp.gnu.or)108 564 Q(g/pub/gnu/bash/)-.37 E
+F0(.)A .41(Once you ha)108 580.8 R .71 -.15(ve d)-.2 H .41
+(etermined that a b).15 F .41(ug actually e)-.2 F .411(xists, use the)
+-.15 F F4(bashb)3.181 E(ug)-.2 E F0 .411(command to submit a b)3.131 F
+.411(ug report.)-.2 F(If)5.411 E .595(you ha)108 592.8 R .895 -.15
+(ve a \214)-.2 H .595(x, you are encouraged to mail that as well!).15 F
+.594(Suggestions and `philosophical' b)5.595 F .594(ug reports may)-.2 F
+(be mailed to)108 604.8 Q F4 -.2(bu)2.5 G(g-bash@gnu.or).2 E(g)-.37 E F0
+(or posted to the Usenet ne)2.5 E(wsgroup)-.25 E F1(gnu.bash.b)2.5 E(ug)
+-.2 E F0(.)A(ALL b)108 621.6 Q(ug reports should include:)-.2 E(The v)
+108 638.4 Q(ersion number of)-.15 E F1(bash)2.5 E F0(The hardw)108 650.4
+Q(are and operating system)-.1 E(The compiler used to compile)108 662.4
+Q 2.5(Ad)108 674.4 S(escription of the b)-2.5 E(ug beha)-.2 E(viour)-.2
+E 2.5(As)108 686.4 S(hort script or `recipe' which e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15
+G(rcises the b).15 E(ug)-.2 E F4(bashb)108.27 703.2 Q(ug)-.2 E F0
(inserts the \214rst three items automatically into the template it pro)
2.72 E(vides for \214ling a b)-.15 E(ug report.)-.2 E(Comments and b)108
-276 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 E
-F3 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.).25
-E F1 -.11(BU)72 292.8 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 304.8 Q 2.5(st)-.55 G
-(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868
-(There are some subtle dif)108 321.6 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F F2
-(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869(ersions of)-.15 F
-F2(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F4 9
-/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 333.6 Q F0(speci\214cation.)2.25 E
-(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 350.4 Q(Shell b)108 367.2 Q
+720 Q(ug reports concerning this manual page should be directed to)-.2 E
+F4 -.15(ch)2.5 G(et.r).15 E(ame)-.15 E(y@case)-.3 E(.edu)-.15 E F0(.).25
+E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 December 24)136.795 E(72)185.955 E 0 Cg EP
+%%Page: 73 73
+%%BeginPageSetup
+BP
+%%EndPageSetup
+/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF -.35(BA)72 48 S 389.54(SH\(1\) B).35 F(ASH\(1\))
+-.35 E/F1 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF -.11(BU)72 84 S(GS).11 E F0(It')108 96 Q
+2.5(st)-.55 G(oo big and too slo)-2.5 E -.65(w.)-.25 G 1.868
+(There are some subtle dif)108 112.8 R 1.868(ferences between)-.25 F/F2
+10/Times-Bold@0 SF(bash)4.369 E F0 1.869(and traditional v)4.369 F 1.869
+(ersions of)-.15 F F2(sh)4.369 E F0 4.369(,m)C 1.869
+(ostly because of the)-4.369 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(POSIX)108 124.8 Q F0
+(speci\214cation.)2.25 E(Aliases are confusing in some uses.)108 141.6 Q
+(Shell b)108 158.4 Q
(uiltin commands and functions are not stoppable/restartable.)-.2 E
1.315(Compound commands and command sequences of the form `a ; b ; c' a\
-re not handled gracefully when)108 384 R .389
-(process suspension is attempted.)108 396 R .389
+re not handled gracefully when)108 175.2 R .389
+(process suspension is attempted.)108 187.2 R .389
(When a process is stopped, the shell immediately e)5.389 F -.15(xe)-.15
G .39(cutes the ne).15 F .39(xt com-)-.15 F .193(mand in the sequence.)
-108 408 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of com\
-mands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F
-(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 420 Q(Array v)108 436.8 Q
+108 199.2 R .192(It suf)5.193 F .192(\214ces to place the sequence of c\
+ommands between parentheses to force it into a)-.25 F
+(subshell, which may be stopped as a unit.)108 211.2 Q(Array v)108 228 Q
(ariables may not \(yet\) be e)-.25 E(xported.)-.15 E
-(There may be only one acti)108 453.6 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
-(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 September 25)
-135.955 E(72)185.115 E 0 Cg EP
+(There may be only one acti)108 244.8 Q .3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H
+(oprocess at a time.).15 E(GNU Bash 4.2)72 768 Q(2011 December 24)
+136.795 E(73)185.955 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
@xrdef{Conditional Constructs-pg}{10}
@xrdef{Command Grouping-title}{Grouping Commands}
@xrdef{Command Grouping-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.4.3}
-@xrdef{Command Grouping-pg}{13}
+@xrdef{Command Grouping-pg}{14}
@xrdef{Coprocesses-title}{Coprocesses}
@xrdef{Coprocesses-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.5}
@xrdef{GNU Parallel-title}{GNU Parallel}
@xrdef{GNU Parallel-snt}{Section@tie 3.2.6}
-@xrdef{Coprocesses-pg}{14}
-@xrdef{GNU Parallel-pg}{14}
+@xrdef{Coprocesses-pg}{15}
+@xrdef{GNU Parallel-pg}{15}
@xrdef{Shell Functions-title}{Shell Functions}
@xrdef{Shell Functions-snt}{Section@tie 3.3}
-@xrdef{Shell Functions-pg}{15}
+@xrdef{Shell Functions-pg}{16}
@xrdef{Shell Parameters-title}{Shell Parameters}
@xrdef{Shell Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4}
@xrdef{Positional Parameters-title}{Positional Parameters}
@xrdef{Positional Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.1}
-@xrdef{Shell Parameters-pg}{17}
+@xrdef{Shell Parameters-pg}{18}
+@xrdef{Positional Parameters-pg}{18}
@xrdef{Special Parameters-title}{Special Parameters}
@xrdef{Special Parameters-snt}{Section@tie 3.4.2}
-@xrdef{Positional Parameters-pg}{18}
-@xrdef{Special Parameters-pg}{18}
@xrdef{Shell Expansions-title}{Shell Expansions}
@xrdef{Shell Expansions-snt}{Section@tie 3.5}
+@xrdef{Special Parameters-pg}{19}
@xrdef{Brace Expansion-title}{Brace Expansion}
@xrdef{Brace Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.1}
-@xrdef{Shell Expansions-pg}{19}
-@xrdef{Brace Expansion-pg}{19}
+@xrdef{Shell Expansions-pg}{20}
+@xrdef{Brace Expansion-pg}{20}
@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-title}{Tilde Expansion}
@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.2}
-@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-pg}{20}
+@xrdef{Tilde Expansion-pg}{21}
@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-title}{Shell Parameter Expansion}
@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.3}
-@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-pg}{21}
+@xrdef{Shell Parameter Expansion-pg}{22}
@xrdef{Command Substitution-title}{Command Substitution}
@xrdef{Command Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.4}
@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-title}{Arithmetic Expansion}
@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.5}
-@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{24}
-@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{24}
@xrdef{Process Substitution-title}{Process Substitution}
@xrdef{Process Substitution-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.6}
+@xrdef{Command Substitution-pg}{25}
+@xrdef{Arithmetic Expansion-pg}{25}
+@xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{25}
@xrdef{Word Splitting-title}{Word Splitting}
@xrdef{Word Splitting-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.7}
@xrdef{Filename Expansion-title}{Filename Expansion}
@xrdef{Filename Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8}
-@xrdef{Process Substitution-pg}{25}
-@xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{25}
-@xrdef{Filename Expansion-pg}{25}
+@xrdef{Word Splitting-pg}{26}
+@xrdef{Filename Expansion-pg}{26}
@xrdef{Pattern Matching-title}{Pattern Matching}
@xrdef{Pattern Matching-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.8.1}
-@xrdef{Pattern Matching-pg}{26}
+@xrdef{Pattern Matching-pg}{27}
@xrdef{Quote Removal-title}{Quote Removal}
@xrdef{Quote Removal-snt}{Section@tie 3.5.9}
@xrdef{Redirections-title}{Redirections}
@xrdef{Redirections-snt}{Section@tie 3.6}
-@xrdef{Quote Removal-pg}{27}
-@xrdef{Redirections-pg}{27}
+@xrdef{Quote Removal-pg}{28}
+@xrdef{Redirections-pg}{28}
@xrdef{Executing Commands-title}{Executing Commands}
@xrdef{Executing Commands-snt}{Section@tie 3.7}
@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-title}{Simple Command Expansion}
@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.1}
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-title}{Command Search and Execution}
@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.2}
-@xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{31}
-@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{31}
+@xrdef{Executing Commands-pg}{32}
+@xrdef{Simple Command Expansion-pg}{32}
+@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{32}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-title}{Command Execution Environment}
@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.3}
-@xrdef{Command Search and Execution-pg}{32}
-@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{32}
+@xrdef{Command Execution Environment-pg}{33}
@xrdef{Environment-title}{Environment}
@xrdef{Environment-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.4}
-@xrdef{Environment-pg}{33}
+@xrdef{Environment-pg}{34}
@xrdef{Exit Status-title}{Exit Status}
@xrdef{Exit Status-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.5}
@xrdef{Signals-title}{Signals}
@xrdef{Signals-snt}{Section@tie 3.7.6}
-@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{34}
-@xrdef{Signals-pg}{34}
+@xrdef{Exit Status-pg}{35}
+@xrdef{Signals-pg}{35}
@xrdef{Shell Scripts-title}{Shell Scripts}
@xrdef{Shell Scripts-snt}{Section@tie 3.8}
-@xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{35}
+@xrdef{Shell Scripts-pg}{36}
@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-title}{Shell Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Shell Builtin Commands-snt}{Chapter@tie 4}
@xrdef{Bourne Shell Builtins-title}{Bourne Shell Builtins}
@xrdef{Commands For Completion-pg}{115}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-title}{Keyboard Macros}
@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.7}
+@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{116}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-title}{Some Miscellaneous Commands}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-snt}{Section@tie 8.4.8}
-@xrdef{Keyboard Macros-pg}{116}
@xrdef{Miscellaneous Commands-pg}{117}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-title}{Readline vi Mode}
@xrdef{Readline vi Mode-snt}{Section@tie 8.5}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-title}{Programmable Completion Builtins}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 8.7}
@xrdef{Programmable Completion Builtins-pg}{121}
+@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-title}{A Programmable Completion Example}
+@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-snt}{Section@tie 8.8}
+@xrdef{A Programmable Completion Example-pg}{125}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-title}{Using History Interactively}
@xrdef{Using History Interactively-snt}{Chapter@tie 9}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-title}{Bash History Facilities}
@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-snt}{Section@tie 9.1}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-title}{Bash History Builtins}
@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-snt}{Section@tie 9.2}
-@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{127}
-@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{127}
-@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{127}
+@xrdef{Using History Interactively-pg}{129}
+@xrdef{Bash History Facilities-pg}{129}
+@xrdef{Bash History Builtins-pg}{129}
@xrdef{History Interaction-title}{History Expansion}
@xrdef{History Interaction-snt}{Section@tie 9.3}
@xrdef{Event Designators-title}{Event Designators}
@xrdef{Event Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.1}
-@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{129}
+@xrdef{History Interaction-pg}{131}
@xrdef{Word Designators-title}{Word Designators}
@xrdef{Word Designators-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.2}
-@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{130}
-@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{130}
+@xrdef{Event Designators-pg}{132}
+@xrdef{Word Designators-pg}{132}
@xrdef{Modifiers-title}{Modifiers}
@xrdef{Modifiers-snt}{Section@tie 9.3.3}
-@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{131}
+@xrdef{Modifiers-pg}{133}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-title}{Installing Bash}
@xrdef{Installing Bash-snt}{Chapter@tie 10}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-title}{Basic Installation}
@xrdef{Basic Installation-snt}{Section@tie 10.1}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-title}{Compilers and Options}
@xrdef{Compilers and Options-snt}{Section@tie 10.2}
-@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{133}
-@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{133}
+@xrdef{Installing Bash-pg}{135}
+@xrdef{Basic Installation-pg}{135}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-title}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}
@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-snt}{Section@tie 10.3}
@xrdef{Installation Names-title}{Installation Names}
@xrdef{Installation Names-snt}{Section@tie 10.4}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-title}{Specifying the System Type}
@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-snt}{Section@tie 10.5}
-@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{134}
-@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{134}
-@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{134}
-@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{134}
+@xrdef{Compilers and Options-pg}{136}
+@xrdef{Compiling For Multiple Architectures-pg}{136}
+@xrdef{Installation Names-pg}{136}
+@xrdef{Specifying the System Type-pg}{136}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-title}{Sharing Defaults}
@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-snt}{Section@tie 10.6}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-title}{Operation Controls}
@xrdef{Operation Controls-snt}{Section@tie 10.7}
@xrdef{Optional Features-title}{Optional Features}
@xrdef{Optional Features-snt}{Section@tie 10.8}
-@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{135}
-@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{135}
-@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{135}
+@xrdef{Sharing Defaults-pg}{137}
+@xrdef{Operation Controls-pg}{137}
+@xrdef{Optional Features-pg}{137}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-title}{Reporting Bugs}
@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-snt}{Appendix@tie @char65{}}
-@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{141}
+@xrdef{Reporting Bugs-pg}{143}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-title}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}
@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-snt}{Appendix@tie @char66{}}
-@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{143}
+@xrdef{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell-pg}{145}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-title}{GNU Free Documentation License}
@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-snt}{Appendix@tie @char67{}}
-@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{149}
+@xrdef{GNU Free Documentation License-pg}{151}
@xrdef{Indexes-title}{Indexes}
@xrdef{Indexes-snt}{Appendix@tie @char68{}}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-title}{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}
@xrdef{Builtin Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.1}
-@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{157}
-@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{157}
+@xrdef{Indexes-pg}{159}
+@xrdef{Builtin Index-pg}{159}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-title}{Index of Shell Reserved Words}
@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.2}
@xrdef{Variable Index-title}{Parameter and Variable Index}
@xrdef{Variable Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.3}
-@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{158}
-@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{158}
+@xrdef{Reserved Word Index-pg}{160}
+@xrdef{Variable Index-pg}{160}
@xrdef{Function Index-title}{Function Index}
@xrdef{Function Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.4}
-@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{160}
+@xrdef{Function Index-pg}{162}
@xrdef{Concept Index-title}{Concept Index}
@xrdef{Concept Index-snt}{Section@tie @char68.5}
-@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{162}
+@xrdef{Concept Index-pg}{164}
\entry{hash}{40}{\code {hash}}
\entry{pwd}{40}{\code {pwd}}
\entry{readonly}{40}{\code {readonly}}
-\entry{return}{40}{\code {return}}
+\entry{return}{41}{\code {return}}
\entry{shift}{41}{\code {shift}}
\entry{test}{41}{\code {test}}
\entry{[}{41}{\code {[}}
\entry{bind}{44}{\code {bind}}
\entry{builtin}{45}{\code {builtin}}
\entry{caller}{45}{\code {caller}}
-\entry{command}{45}{\code {command}}
+\entry{command}{46}{\code {command}}
\entry{declare}{46}{\code {declare}}
\entry{echo}{47}{\code {echo}}
\entry{enable}{48}{\code {enable}}
\entry{help}{48}{\code {help}}
-\entry{let}{48}{\code {let}}
+\entry{let}{49}{\code {let}}
\entry{local}{49}{\code {local}}
\entry{logout}{49}{\code {logout}}
\entry{mapfile}{49}{\code {mapfile}}
-\entry{printf}{49}{\code {printf}}
+\entry{printf}{50}{\code {printf}}
\entry{read}{50}{\code {read}}
-\entry{readarray}{51}{\code {readarray}}
+\entry{readarray}{52}{\code {readarray}}
\entry{source}{52}{\code {source}}
\entry{type}{52}{\code {type}}
\entry{typeset}{52}{\code {typeset}}
-\entry{ulimit}{52}{\code {ulimit}}
-\entry{unalias}{53}{\code {unalias}}
+\entry{ulimit}{53}{\code {ulimit}}
+\entry{unalias}{54}{\code {unalias}}
\entry{set}{54}{\code {set}}
\entry{shopt}{58}{\code {shopt}}
\entry{dirs}{85}{\code {dirs}}
\entry{suspend}{95}{\code {suspend}}
\entry{compgen}{121}{\code {compgen}}
\entry{complete}{122}{\code {complete}}
-\entry{compopt}{124}{\code {compopt}}
-\entry{fc}{127}{\code {fc}}
-\entry{history}{128}{\code {history}}
+\entry{compopt}{125}{\code {compopt}}
+\entry{fc}{129}{\code {fc}}
+\entry{history}{130}{\code {history}}
\initial {C}
\entry {\code {caller}}{45}
\entry {\code {cd}}{38}
-\entry {\code {command}}{45}
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\entry {internationalization}{7}
\entry {localization}{7}
\entry {login shell}{77}
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\entry {suspending jobs}{93}
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\entry {translation, native languages}{7}
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\entry {variables, readline}{101}
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\entry {word}{4}
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\entry{call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}{116}{\code {call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)}}
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\entry{re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}{117}{\code {re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)}}
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\entry{skip-csi-sequence ()}{117}{\code {skip-csi-sequence ()}}
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\entry{dump-variables ()}{118}{\code {dump-variables ()}}
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\entry {\code {history-substr-search-forward ()}}{111}
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\entry {\code {kill-word (M-d)}}{113}
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\entry {\code {previous-history (C-p)}}{111}
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\entry {\code {quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)}}{112}
\initial {R}
<HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<!-- Created on October, 24 2011 by texi2html 1.64 -->
+<!-- Created on December, 29 2011 by texi2html 1.64 -->
<!--
Written by: Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Bash Reference Manual</H1></P><P>
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.2, 24 October 2011).
+the Bash shell (version 4.2, 29 December 2011).
</P><P>
-This is Edition 4.2, last updated 24 October 2011,
+This is Edition 4.2, last updated 29 December 2011,
of <CITE>The GNU Bash Reference Manual</CITE>,
for <CODE>Bash</CODE>, Version 4.2.
</P><P>
to use it.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Chapter describing the command line
editing features.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9. Using History Interactively</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Command History Expansion</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10. Installing Bash</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to build and install Bash on your system.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">A. Reporting Bugs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to report bugs in Bash.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A terse list of the differences
between Bash and historical
versions of /bin/sh.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Copying and sharing this documentation.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D. Indexes</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Various indexes for this manual.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<A NAME="Introduction"></A>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.1 What is Bash? </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 1.2 What is a shell? </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 2. Definitions </H1>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 3. Basic Shell Features </H1>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.1 Shell Syntax </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.1 Shell Operation </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.2 Quoting </H3>
has special meaning to the shell and must be quoted if it is to
represent itself.
When the command history expansion facilities are being used
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>), the
<VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, usually <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>, must be quoted
-to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for
+to prevent history expansion. See section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>, for
more details concerning history expansion.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.1 Escape Character </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.2 Single Quotes </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.3 Double Quotes </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.4 ANSI-C Quoting </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.1.2.5 Locale-Specific Translation </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC15"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.1.3 Comments </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.2 Shell Commands </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.1 Simple Commands </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.2 Pipelines </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.3 Lists of Commands </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.4 Compound Commands </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.1 Looping Constructs </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.2 Conditional Constructs </H4>
of alphabetic characters.
Any part of the pattern may be quoted to force the quoted portion
to be matched as a string.
+Bracket expressions in regular expressions must be treated carefully,
+since normal quoting characters lose their meanings between brackets.
+If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting the variable
+expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as a string.
Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
expression are saved in the array variable <CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE>.
The element of <CODE>BASH_REMATCH</CODE> with index 0 is the portion of the string
string matching the <VAR>n</VAR>th parenthesized subexpression.
</P><P>
+For example, the following will match a line
+(stored in the shell variable <VAR>line</VAR>)
+if there is a sequence of characters in the value consisting of
+any number, including zero, of
+space characters, zero or one instances of <SAMP>`a'</SAMP>, then a <SAMP>`b'</SAMP>:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>[[ $line =~ [[:space:]]*(a)?b ]]
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+That means values like <SAMP>`aab'</SAMP> and <SAMP>` aaaaaab'</SAMP> will match, as
+will a line containing a <SAMP>`b'</SAMP> anywhere in its value.
+</P><P>
+
+Storing the regular expression in a shell variable is often a useful
+way to avoid problems with quoting characters that are special to the
+shell.
+It is sometimes difficult to specify a regular expression literally
+without using quotes, or to keep track of the quoting used by regular
+expressions while paying attention to the shell's quote removal.
+Using a shell variable to store the pattern decreases these problems.
+For example, the following is equivalent to the above:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pattern='[[:space:]]*(a)?b'
+[[ $line =~ $pattern ]]
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+If you want to match a character that's special to the regular expression
+grammar, it has to be quoted to remove its special meaning.
+This means that in the pattern <SAMP>`xxx.txt'</SAMP>, the <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> matches any
+character in the string (its usual regular expression meaning), but in the
+pattern <SAMP>`"xxx.txt"'</SAMP> it can only match a literal <SAMP>`.'</SAMP>.
+Shell programmers should take special care with backslashes, since backslashes
+are used both by the shell and regular expressions to remove the special
+meaning from the following character.
+The following two sets of commands are <EM>not</EM> equivalent:
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>pattern='\.'
+
+[[ . =~ $pattern ]]
+[[ . =~ \. ]]
+
+[[ . =~ "$pattern" ]]
+[[ . =~ '\.' ]]
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+The first two matches will succeed, but the second two will not, because
+in the second two the backslash will be part of the pattern to be matched.
+In the first two examples, the backslash removes the special meaning from
+<SAMP>`.'</SAMP>, so the literal <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> matches.
+If the string in the first examples were anything other than <SAMP>`.'</SAMP>, say
+<SAMP>`a'</SAMP>, the pattern would not match, because the quoted <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> in the
+pattern loses its special meaning of matching any single character.
+</P><P>
+
Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed
in decreasing order of precedence:
</P><P>
</DL>
<P>
-The <CODE>&&</CODE> and <CODE>||</CODE> operators do not evaluate <VAR>[Bexpression2</VAR> if the
+The <CODE>&&</CODE> and <CODE>||</CODE> operators do not evaluate <VAR>expression2</VAR> if the
value of <VAR>expression1</VAR> is sufficient to determine the return
value of the entire conditional expression.
</DL>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.2.4.3 Grouping Commands </H4>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.5 Coprocesses </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.2.6 GNU Parallel </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.3 Shell Functions </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.4 Shell Parameters </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.4.1 Positional Parameters </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.4.2 Special Parameters </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.5 Shell Expansions </H2>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.1 Brace Expansion </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.2 Tilde Expansion </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.3 Shell Parameter Expansion </H3>
<DD>This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in <VAR>parameter</VAR>.
The <VAR>pattern</VAR> is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
filename expansion.
+Each character in the expanded value of <VAR>parameter</VAR> is tested against
+<VAR>pattern</VAR>, and, if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.
+The pattern should not attempt to match more than one character.
The <SAMP>`^'</SAMP> operator converts lowercase letters matching <VAR>pattern</VAR>
to uppercase; the <SAMP>`,'</SAMP> operator converts matching uppercase letters
to lowercase.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC40"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.4 Command Substitution </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.5 Arithmetic Expansion </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.6 Process Substitution </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.7 Word Splitting </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.8 Filename Expansion </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H4> 3.5.8.1 Pattern Matching </H4>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.5.9 Quote Removal </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.6 Redirections </H2>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.1 Redirecting Input </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.2 Redirecting Output </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.3 Appending Redirected Output </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.4 Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.5 Appending Standard Output and Standard Error </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.6 Here Documents </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.7 Here Strings </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.8 Duplicating File Descriptors </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.9 Moving File Descriptors </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC51"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.6.10 Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.7 Executing Commands </H2>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
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</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.2 Command Search and Execution </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.3 Command Execution Environment </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.4 Environment </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC58"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.5 Exit Status </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 3.7.6 Signals </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC59"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 3.8 Shell Scripts </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 4. Shell Builtin Commands </H1>
commands which provide the Bash interface to the job control
facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A>), the directory stack
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC88">6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins</A>), the command history
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>), and the programmable completion
facilities (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>).
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins </H2>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
Change the current working directory to <VAR>directory</VAR>.
-If <VAR>directory</VAR> is not given, the value of the <CODE>HOME</CODE> shell
-variable is used.
-If the shell variable <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> exists, it is used as a search path.
+If <VAR>directory</VAR> is not supplied, the value of the <CODE>HOME</CODE>
+shell variable is used.
+Any additional arguments following <VAR>directory</VAR> are ignored.
+If the shell variable
+<CODE>CDPATH</CODE> exists, it is used as a search path:
+each directory name in <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is searched for
+<VAR>directory</VAR>, with alternative directory names in <CODE>CDPATH</CODE>
+separated by a colon (<SAMP>`:'</SAMP>).
If <VAR>directory</VAR> begins with a slash, <CODE>CDPATH</CODE> is not used.
</P><P>
-The <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic
-links are followed by default or with the <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> option.
+The <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP> option means to not follow symbolic links: symbolic links
+are resolved while <CODE>cd</CODE> is traversing <VAR>directory</VAR> and before
+processing an instance of <SAMP>`..'</SAMP> in <VAR>directory</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+By default, or when the <SAMP>`-L'</SAMP> option is supplied, symbolic links
+in <VAR>directory</VAR> are resolved after <CODE>cd</CODE> processes an instance
+of <SAMP>`..'</SAMP> in <VAR>directory</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
+If <SAMP>`..'</SAMP> appears in <VAR>directory</VAR>, it is processed by removing the
+immediately preceding pathname component, back to a slash or the beginning
+of <VAR>directory</VAR>.
+</P><P>
+
If the <SAMP>`-e'</SAMP> option is supplied with <SAMP>`-P'</SAMP>
and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
after a successful directory change, <CODE>cd</CODE> will return an unsuccessful
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC66"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.2 Bash Builtin Commands </H2>
<DT><CODE>bind</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX90"></A>
-<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] [-lpsvPSV]
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] [-lpsvPSVX]
bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] [-q <VAR>function</VAR>] [-u <VAR>function</VAR>] [-r <VAR>keyseq</VAR>]
bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] -f <VAR>filename</VAR>
bind [-m <VAR>keymap</VAR>] -x <VAR>keyseq:shell-command</VAR>
If the executed command changes the value of <CODE>READLINE_LINE</CODE> or
<CODE>READLINE_POINT</CODE>, those new values will be reflected in the
editing state.
+<P>
+
+<DT><CODE>-X</CODE>
+<DD>List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the associated commands
+in a format that can be reused as input.
</DL>
<P>
If no names are supplied, the line read is assigned to the
variable <CODE>REPLY</CODE>.
The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, <CODE>read</CODE>
-times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), or an
-invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>.
+times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128),
+a variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly variable) occurs,
+or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to <SAMP>`-u'</SAMP>.
</P><P>
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.3 Modifying Shell Behavior </H2>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 4.3.1 The Set Builtin </H3>
<P>
<DT><CODE>history</CODE>
-<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>.
+<DD>Enable command history, as described in <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>.
This option is on by default in interactive shells.
<P>
<P>
<DT><CODE>-H</CODE>
-<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+<DD>Enable <SAMP>`!'</SAMP> style history substitution (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
This option is on by default for interactive shells.
<P>
<DT><CODE>-P</CODE>
-<DD>If set, do not follow symbolic links when performing commands such as
+<DD>If set, do not resolve symbolic links when performing commands such as
<CODE>cd</CODE> which change the current directory. The physical directory
is used instead. By default, Bash follows
the logical chain of directories when performing commands
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC65"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin </H3>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 4.4 Special Builtins </H2>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 5. Shell Variables </H1>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 5.1 Bourne Shell Variables </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC69"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 5.2 Bash Variables </H2>
An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions
generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable completion
facility (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
+Each array element contains one possible completion.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX184"></A>
<DT><CODE>histchars</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX207"></A>
Up to three characters which control history expansion, quick
-substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+substitution, and tokenization (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
The first character is the
<VAR>history expansion</VAR> character, that is, the character which signifies the
start of a history expansion, normally <SAMP>`!'</SAMP>. The second character is the
<A NAME="IDX214"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX215"></A>
-The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When this
-variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated, if
-necessary, by removing the oldest entries,
-to contain no more than that number of lines.
+The maximum number of lines contained in the history file.
+When this variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated,
+if necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines
+by removing the oldest entries.
The history file is also truncated to this size after
writing it when an interactive shell exits.
-The default value is 500.
+If the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
+Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit truncation.
+The shell sets the default value to the value of <CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE>
+after reading any startup files.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX216"></A>
<DT><CODE>HISTSIZE</CODE>
<DD><A NAME="IDX219"></A>
The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list.
-The default value is 500.
+If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list.
+Numeric values less than zero result in every command being saved
+on the history list (there is no limit).
+The shell sets the default value to 500 after reading any startup files.
<P>
<A NAME="IDX220"></A>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 6. Bash Features </H1>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.1 Invoking Bash </H2>
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
-<DT><CODE>-c <VAR>string</VAR></CODE>
-<DD>Read and execute commands from <VAR>string</VAR> after processing the
-options, then exit. Any remaining arguments are assigned to the
+<DT><CODE>-c</CODE>
+<DD>Read and execute commands from the first non-option <VAR>argument</VAR>
+after processing the options, then exit.
+Any remaining arguments are assigned to the
positional parameters, starting with <CODE>$0</CODE>.
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.2 Bash Startup Files </H2>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.3 Interactive Shells </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.1 What is an Interactive Shell? </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.2 Is this Shell Interactive? </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC83"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.3.3 Interactive Shell Behavior </H3>
<P>
<LI>
-Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
-and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>)
+Command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
+and history expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>)
are enabled by default.
Bash will save the command history to the file named by <CODE>$HISTFILE</CODE>
when an interactive shell exits.
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.4 Bash Conditional Expressions </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.5 Shell Arithmetic </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.6 Aliases </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.7 Arrays </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.8 The Directory Stack </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC89"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 6.8.1 Directory Stack Builtins </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.9 Controlling the Prompt </H2>
The command number and the history number are usually different:
the history number of a command is its position in the history
list, which may include commands restored from the history file
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>), while the command number is
the position in the sequence of commands executed during the current
shell session.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.10 The Restricted Shell </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC92"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 6.11 Bash POSIX Mode </H2>
Bash can be configured to be POSIX-conformant by default, by specifying
the <SAMP>`--enable-strict-posix-default'</SAMP> to <CODE>configure</CODE> when building
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">10.8 Optional Features</A>).
</P><P>
<A NAME="Job Control"></A>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 7. Job Control </H1>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.1 Job Control Basics </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.2 Job Control Builtins </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 7.3 Job Control Variables </H2>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC95"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC97"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 8. Command Line Editing </H1>
a specific command.</TD></TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Builtin commands to specify how to
complete arguments for a particular command.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">8.8 A Programmable Completion Example</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example shell function for
+ generating possible completions.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.1 Introduction to Line Editing </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.2 Readline Interaction </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.2 Readline Movement Commands </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.3 Readline Killing Commands </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.4 Readline Arguments </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History </H3>
<P>
Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>)
for lines containing a specified string.
There are two search modes: <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>.
</P><P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.3 Readline Init File </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC108"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.3.3 Sample Init File </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.4 Bindable Readline Commands </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.1 Commands For Moving </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.4 Killing And Yanking </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You </H3>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.7 Keyboard Macros </H3>
in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
<P>
+<A NAME="IDX504"></A>
+<DT><CODE>print-last-kbd-macro ()</CODE>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX505"></A>
+Print the last keboard macro defined in a format suitable for the
+<VAR>inputrc</VAR> file.
+<P>
+
</DL>
<P>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC117"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands </H3>
<!--docid::SEC116::-->
<DL COMPACT>
-<A NAME="IDX504"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX506"></A>
<DT><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX505"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX507"></A>
Read in the contents of the <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, and incorporate
any bindings or variable assignments found there.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX506"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX508"></A>
<DT><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX507"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX509"></A>
Abort the current editing command and
ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of
<CODE>bell-style</CODE>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX508"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX510"></A>
<DT><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX509"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX511"></A>
If the metafied character <VAR>x</VAR> is lowercase, run the command
that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX510"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX512"></A>
<DT><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX511"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX513"></A>
Metafy the next character typed. This is for keyboards
without a meta key. Typing <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> f'</SAMP> is equivalent to typing
<KBD>M-f</KBD>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX512"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX514"></A>
<DT><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX513"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX515"></A>
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX514"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX516"></A>
<DT><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX515"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX517"></A>
Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the <CODE>undo</CODE>
command enough times to get back to the beginning.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX516"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX518"></A>
<DT><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX517"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX519"></A>
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX518"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX520"></A>
<DT><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX519"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX521"></A>
Set the mark to the point. If a
numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX520"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX522"></A>
<DT><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX521"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX523"></A>
Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to
the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX522"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX524"></A>
<DT><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX523"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX525"></A>
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that
character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX524"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX526"></A>
<DT><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX525"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX527"></A>
A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence
of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent
occurrences.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX526"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX528"></A>
<DT><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX527"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX529"></A>
Read enough characters to consume a multi-key sequence such as those
defined for keys like Home and End. Such sequences begin with a
Control Sequence Indicator (CSI), usually ESC-[. If this sequence is
but usually bound to ESC-[.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX528"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX530"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX529"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX531"></A>
Without a numeric argument, the value of the <CODE>comment-begin</CODE>
variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line.
If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if
will be executed by the shell.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX530"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX532"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX531"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX533"></A>
Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the
Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX532"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX534"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX533"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX535"></A>
Print all of the settable variables and their values to the
Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX534"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX536"></A>
<DT><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX535"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX537"></A>
Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the
strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied,
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX536"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX538"></A>
<DT><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX537"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX539"></A>
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
with an asterisk implicitly appended. This pattern is used to
generate a list of matching file names for possible completions.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX538"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX540"></A>
<DT><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX539"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX541"></A>
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
and the list of matching file names is inserted, replacing the word.
If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before
pathname expansion.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX540"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX542"></A>
<DT><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX541"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX543"></A>
The list of expansions that would have been generated by
<CODE>glob-expand-word</CODE> is displayed, and the line is redrawn.
If a numeric argument is supplied, a <SAMP>`*'</SAMP> is appended before
pathname expansion.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX542"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX544"></A>
<DT><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX543"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX545"></A>
Display version information about the current instance of Bash.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX544"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX546"></A>
<DT><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX545"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX547"></A>
Expand the line as the shell does.
This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell
word expansions (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC29">3.5 Shell Expansions</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX546"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX548"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX547"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX549"></A>
Perform history expansion on the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX548"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX550"></A>
<DT><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX549"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX551"></A>
Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX550"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX552"></A>
<DT><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX551"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX553"></A>
Perform alias expansion on the current line (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC85">6.6 Aliases</A>).
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX552"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX554"></A>
<DT><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX553"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX555"></A>
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX554"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX556"></A>
<DT><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX555"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX557"></A>
A synonym for <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE>.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX556"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX558"></A>
<DT><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX557"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX559"></A>
Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
argument is ignored.
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX558"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX560"></A>
<DT><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX559"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX561"></A>
Invoke an editor on the current command line, and execute the result as shell
commands.
Bash attempts to invoke
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.5 Readline vi Mode </H2>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> << </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.6 Programmable Completion </H2>
assigned values as described above (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC68">5.2 Bash Variables</A>).
If a shell function is being invoked, the <CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE> and
<CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE> variables are also set.
-When the function or command is invoked, the first argument is the
+When the function or command is invoked, the first argument ($1) is the
name of the command whose arguments are being completed, the
-second argument is the word being completed, and the third argument
-is the word preceding the word being completed on the current command line.
+second argument ($2) is the word being completed, and the third argument
+($3) is the word preceding the word being completed on the current command
+line.
No filtering of the generated completions against the word being completed
is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in generating
the matches.
<CODE>compgen</CODE> and <CODE>compopt</CODE> builtins described below
(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>), to generate the matches.
It must put the possible completions in the <CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE> array
-variable.
+variable, one per array element.
</P><P>
Next, any command specified with the <SAMP>`-C'</SAMP> option is invoked
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>_completion_loader()
{
- . "/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124
+ . "/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124
}
complete -D -F _completion_loader
</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins </H2>
<!--docid::SEC119::-->
<P>
-Two builtin commands are available to manipulate the programmable completion
-facilities.
+Three builtin commands are available to manipulate the programmable completion
+facilities: one to specify how the arguments to a particular command are to
+be completed, and two to modify the completion as it is happening.
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>compgen</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX560"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX562"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compgen [<VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>word</VAR>]</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>complete</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX561"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX563"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o <VAR>comp-option</VAR>] [-DE] [-A <VAR>action</VAR>] [-G <VAR>globpat</VAR>] [-W <VAR>wordlist</VAR>]
[-F <VAR>function</VAR>] [-C <VAR>command</VAR>] [-X <VAR>filterpat</VAR>]
[-P <VAR>prefix</VAR>] [-S <VAR>suffix</VAR>] <VAR>name</VAR> [<VAR>name</VAR> <small>...</small>]</CODE>
with <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP>.
<P>
+<DT><CODE>noquote</CODE>
+<DD>Tell Readline not to quote the completed words if they are filenames
+(quoting filenames is the default).
+<P>
+
<DT><CODE>nospace</CODE>
<DD>Tell Readline not to append a space (the default) to words completed at
the end of the line.
<DT><CODE>-F <VAR>function</VAR></CODE>
<DD>The shell function <VAR>function</VAR> is executed in the current shell
environment.
+When it is executed, $1 is the name of the command whose arguments are
+being completed, $2 is the word being completed, and $3 is the word
+preceding the word being completed, as described above
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC118">8.6 Programmable Completion</A>).
When it finishes, the possible completions are retrieved from the value
of the <CODE>COMPREPLY</CODE> array variable.
<P>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>compopt</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX562"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX564"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>compopt</CODE> [-o <VAR>option</VAR>] [-DE] [+o <VAR>option</VAR>] [<VAR>name</VAR>]
</pre></td></tr></table>Modify completion options for each <VAR>name</VAR> according to the
<VAR>option</VAR>s, or for the currently-executing completion if no <VAR>name</VAR>s
</DL>
<P>
-<A NAME="IDX563"></A>
-</P><P>
-
-<A NAME="Using History Interactively"></A>
+<A NAME="A Programmable Completion Example"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
<A NAME="SEC120"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC96"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
+</TR></TABLE>
+<H2> 8.8 A Programmable Completion Example </H2>
+<!--docid::SEC120::-->
+<P>
+
+The most common way to obtain additional completion functionality beyond
+the default actions <CODE>complete</CODE> and <CODE>compgen</CODE> provide is to use
+a shell function and bind it to a particular command using <CODE>complete -F</CODE>.
+</P><P>
+
+The following function provides completions for the <CODE>cd</CODE> builtin.
+It is a reasonably good example of what shell functions must do when
+used for completion. This function uses the word passsed as <CODE>$2</CODE>
+to determine the directory name to complete. You can also use the
+<CODE>COMP_WORDS</CODE> array variable; the current word is indexed by the
+<CODE>COMP_CWORD</CODE> variable.
+</P><P>
+
+The function relies on the <CODE>complete</CODE> and <CODE>compgen</CODE> builtins
+to do much of the work, adding only the things that the Bash <CODE>cd</CODE>
+does beyond accepting basic directory names:
+tilde expansion (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC31">3.5.2 Tilde Expansion</A>),
+searching directories in <VAR>$CDPATH</VAR>, which is described above
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A>),
+and basic support for the <CODE>cdable_vars</CODE> shell option
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC64">4.3.2 The Shopt Builtin</A>).
+<CODE>_comp_cd</CODE> modifies the value of <VAR>IFS</VAR> so that it contains only
+a newline to accommodate file names containing spaces and tabs --
+<CODE>compgen</CODE> prints the possible completions it generates one per line.
+</P><P>
+
+Possible completions go into the <VAR>COMPREPLY</VAR> array variable, one
+completion per array element. The programmable completion system retrieves
+the completions from there when the function returns.
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre># A completion function for the cd builtin
+# based on the cd completion function from the bash_completion package
+_comp_cd()
+{
+ local IFS=$' \t\n' # normalize IFS
+ local cur _skipdot _cdpath
+ local i j k
+
+ # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname
+ case "$2" in
+ \~*) eval cur="$2" ;;
+ *) cur=$2 ;;
+ esac
+
+ # no cdpath or absolute pathname -- straight directory completion
+ if [[ -z "${CDPATH:-}" ]] || [[ "$cur" == @(./*|../*|/*) ]]; then
+ # compgen prints paths one per line; could also use while loop
+ IFS=$'\n'
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -d -- "$cur") )
+ IFS=$' \t\n'
+ # CDPATH+directories in the current directory if not in CDPATH
+ else
+ IFS=$'\n'
+ _skipdot=false
+ # preprocess CDPATH to convert null directory names to .
+ _cdpath=${CDPATH/#:/.:}
+ _cdpath=${_cdpath//::/:.:}
+ _cdpath=${_cdpath/%:/:.}
+ for i in ${_cdpath//:/$'\n'}; do
+ if [[ $i -ef . ]]; then _skipdot=true; fi
+ k="${#COMPREPLY[@]}"
+ for j in $( compgen -d -- "$i/$cur" ); do
+ COMPREPLY[k++]=${j#$i/} # cut off directory
+ done
+ done
+ $_skipdot || COMPREPLY+=( $(compgen -d -- "$cur") )
+ IFS=$' \t\n'
+ fi
+
+ # variable names if appropriate shell option set and no completions
+ if shopt -q cdable_vars && [[ ${#COMPREPLY[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -v -- "$cur") )
+ fi
+
+ return 0
+}
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+We install the completion function using the <SAMP>`-F'</SAMP> option to
+<CODE>complete</CODE>:
+</P><P>
+
+<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre># Tell readline to quote appropriate and append slashes to directories;
+# use the bash default completion for other arguments
+complete -o filenames -o nospace -o bashdefault -F _comp_cd cd
+</pre></td></tr></table></P><P>
+
+Since we'd like Bash and Readline to take care of some
+of the other details for us, we use several other options to tell Bash
+and Readline what to do. The <SAMP>`-o filenames'</SAMP> option tells Readline
+that the possible completions should be treated as filenames, and quoted
+appropriately. That option will also cause Readline to append a slash to
+filenames it can determine are directories (which is why we might want to
+extend <CODE>_comp_cd</CODE> to append a slash if we're using directories found
+via <VAR>CDPATH</VAR>: Readline can't tell those completions are directories).
+The <SAMP>`-o nospace'</SAMP> option tells Readline to not append a space
+character to the directory name, in case we want to append to it.
+The <SAMP>`-o bashdefault'</SAMP> option brings in the rest of the "Bash default"
+completions -- possible completion that Bash adds to the default Readline
+set. These include things like command name completion, variable completion
+for words beginning with <SAMP>`{'</SAMP>, completions containing pathname
+expansion patterns (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC37">3.5.8 Filename Expansion</A>), and so on.
+</P><P>
+
+Once installed using <CODE>complete</CODE>, <CODE>_comp_cd</CODE> will be called every
+time we attempt word completion for a <CODE>cd</CODE> command.
+</P><P>
+
+Many more examples -- an extensive collection of completions for most of
+the common GNU, Unix, and Linux commands -- are available as part of the
+bash_completion project. This is installed by default on many GNU/Linux
+distributions. Originally written by Ian Macdonald, the project now lives
+at <A HREF="http://bash-completion.alioth.debian.org/">http://bash-completion.alioth.debian.org/</A>. There are ports for
+other systems such as Solaris and Mac OS X.
+</P><P>
+
+An older version of the bash_completion package is distributed with bash
+in the <TT>`examples/complete'</TT> subdirectory.
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="IDX565"></A>
+</P><P>
+
+<A NAME="Using History Interactively"></A>
+<HR SIZE="6">
+<A NAME="SEC121"></A>
+<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 9. Using History Interactively </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC120::-->
+<!--docid::SEC121::-->
<P>
This chapter describes how to use the GNU History Library
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How Bash lets you manipulate your command
history.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The Bash builtin commands that manipulate
the command history.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">What it feels like using History as a user.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Bash History Facilities"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC121"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC122"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.1 Bash History Facilities </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC121::-->
+<!--docid::SEC122::-->
<P>
When the <SAMP>`-o history'</SAMP> option to the <CODE>set</CODE> builtin
the lines are appended to the history file,
otherwise the history file is overwritten.
If <CODE>HISTFILE</CODE>
-is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is
-not saved. After saving the history, the history file is truncated
-to contain no more than <CODE>$HISTFILESIZE</CODE>
-lines. If <CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE> is not set, no truncation is performed.
+is unset, or if the history file is unwritable, the history is not saved.
+After saving the history, the history file is truncated
+to contain no more than <CODE>$HISTFILESIZE</CODE> lines.
+If <CODE>HISTFILESIZE</CODE> is unset, or set to null, a non-numeric value, or
+a numeric value less than zero, the history file is not truncated.
</P><P>
If the <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> is set, the time stamp information
<A NAME="Bash History Builtins"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC122"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC123"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124"> << </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> >> </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.2 Bash History Builtins </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC122::-->
+<!--docid::SEC123::-->
<P>
Bash provides two builtin commands which manipulate the
<DL COMPACT>
<DT><CODE>fc</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX564"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX566"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre><CODE>fc [-e <VAR>ename</VAR>] [-lnr] [<VAR>first</VAR>] [<VAR>last</VAR>]</CODE>
<CODE>fc -s [<VAR>pat</VAR>=<VAR>rep</VAR>] [<VAR>command</VAR>]</CODE>
</pre></td></tr></table><P>
</P><P>
<DT><CODE>history</CODE>
-<DD><A NAME="IDX565"></A>
+<DD><A NAME="IDX567"></A>
<TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>history [<VAR>n</VAR>]
history -c
history -d <VAR>offset</VAR>
<A NAME="History Interaction"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC123"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC124"></A>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 9.3 History Expansion </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC123::-->
+<!--docid::SEC124::-->
<P>
The History library provides a history expansion feature that is similar
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to specify which history line to use.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.2 Word Designators</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying which words are of interest.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">9.3.3 Modifiers</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Modifying the results of substitution.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Event Designators"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC124"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC125"></A>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC126"> > </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 9.3.1 Event Designators </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC124::-->
+<!--docid::SEC125::-->
<P>
An event designator is a reference to a command line entry in the
history list.
Unless the reference is absolute, events are relative to the current
position in the history list.
-<A NAME="IDX566"></A>
+<A NAME="IDX568"></A>
</P><P>
<DL COMPACT>
<A NAME="Word Designators"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC125"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC126"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 9.3.2 Word Designators </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC125::-->
+<!--docid::SEC126::-->
<P>
Word designators are used to select desired words from the event.
<A NAME="Modifiers"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC126"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC127"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H3> 9.3.3 Modifiers </H3>
-<!--docid::SEC126::-->
+<!--docid::SEC127::-->
<P>
After the optional word designator, you can add a sequence of one or more
<A NAME="Installing Bash"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC127"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC128"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> 10. Installing Bash </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC127::-->
+<!--docid::SEC128::-->
<P>
This chapter provides basic instructions for installing Bash on
</P><P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Installation instructions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.2 Compilers and Options</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set special options for various
systems.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to compile Bash for more
than one kind of system from
the same source tree.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.4 Installation Names</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to set the various paths used by the installation.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to configure Bash for a particular system.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to share default configuration values among GNU
programs.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.7 Operation Controls</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Options recognized by the configuration program.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">10.8 Optional Features</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to enable and disable optional features when
building Bash.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Basic Installation"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC128"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC129"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.1 Basic Installation </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC128::-->
+<!--docid::SEC129::-->
<P>
These are installation instructions for Bash.
<A NAME="Compilers and Options"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC129"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.2 Compilers and Options </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC129::-->
+<!--docid::SEC130::-->
<P>
Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking
<A NAME="Compiling For Multiple Architectures"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC130::-->
+<!--docid::SEC131::-->
<P>
You can compile Bash for more than one kind of computer at the
<A NAME="Installation Names"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
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<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.4 Installation Names </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC131::-->
+<!--docid::SEC132::-->
<P>
By default, <SAMP>`make install'</SAMP> will install into
<A NAME="Specifying the System Type"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC132"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC133"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC131"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.5 Specifying the System Type </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC132::-->
+<!--docid::SEC133::-->
<P>
There may be some features <CODE>configure</CODE> can not figure out
<A NAME="Sharing Defaults"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC133"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC134"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC132"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.6 Sharing Defaults </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC133::-->
+<!--docid::SEC134::-->
<P>
If you want to set default values for <CODE>configure</CODE> scripts to
<A NAME="Operation Controls"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC134"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC135"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC133"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.7 Operation Controls </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC134::-->
+<!--docid::SEC135::-->
<P>
<CODE>configure</CODE> recognizes the following options to control how it
<A NAME="Optional Features"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC135"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC136"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC134"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC135"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> 10.8 Optional Features </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC135::-->
+<!--docid::SEC136::-->
<P>
The Bash <CODE>configure</CODE> has a number of <SAMP>`--enable-<VAR>feature</VAR>'</SAMP>
<DT><CODE>--enable-bang-history</CODE>
<DD>Include support for <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history substitution
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-brace-expansion</CODE>
<DT><CODE>--enable-history</CODE>
<DD>Include command history and the <CODE>fc</CODE> and <CODE>history</CODE>
-builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>).
+builtin commands (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>).
<P>
<DT><CODE>--enable-job-control</CODE>
<A NAME="Reporting Bugs"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC136"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC137"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC127"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> A. Reporting Bugs </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC136::-->
+<!--docid::SEC137::-->
<P>
Please report all bugs you find in Bash.
<A NAME="Major Differences From The Bourne Shell"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC137"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC138"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC136"> < </A>]</TD>
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-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC137::-->
+<!--docid::SEC138::-->
<P>
Bash implements essentially the same grammar, parameter and
<P>
<LI>
-Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the
+Bash has command history (see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>) and the
<CODE>history</CODE> and <CODE>fc</CODE> builtins to manipulate it.
The Bash history list maintains timestamp information and uses the
value of the <CODE>HISTTIMEFORMAT</CODE> variable to display it.
<LI>
Bash implements <CODE>csh</CODE>-like history expansion
-(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
+(see section <A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>).
<P>
<LI>
</P><P>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC138"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC139"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> << </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC137"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC138::-->
+<!--docid::SEC139::-->
<P>
Since Bash is a completely new implementation, it does not suffer from
<A NAME="GNU Free Documentation License"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC139"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC140"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC138"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> > </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> << </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> << </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> >> </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> >> </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> C. GNU Free Documentation License </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC139::-->
+<!--docid::SEC140::-->
<P>
<center>
</OL>
<P>
-<A NAME="SEC140"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC141"></A>
<H2> ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC140::-->
+<!--docid::SEC141::-->
<P>
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
<A NAME="Indexes"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC141"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC142"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC139"> < </A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> > </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC140"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143"> > </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1> D. Indexes </H1>
-<!--docid::SEC141::-->
+<!--docid::SEC142::-->
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash builtin commands.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of Bash reserved words.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Quick reference helps you find the
variable you want.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR>
-<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.4 Function Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Index of bindable Readline functions.</TD></TR>
+<TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC147">D.5 Concept Index</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">General index for concepts described in
this manual.</TD></TR>
</TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<A NAME="Builtin Index"></A>
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<H2> D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands </H2>
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<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#bt_." style="text-decoration:none"><b>.</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#bt_:" style="text-decoration:none"><b>:</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX92"><CODE>caller</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX71"><CODE>cd</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX93"><CODE>command</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56
0"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56
1"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56
2"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56
2"><CODE>compgen</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56
3"><CODE>complete</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX56
4"><CODE>compopt</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX72"><CODE>continue</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_D"></A>D</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX76"><CODE>export</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX564"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX566"><CODE>fc</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX306"><CODE>fg</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX78"><CODE>hash</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC60">4.1 Bourne Shell Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX97"><CODE>help</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC61">4.2 Bash Builtin Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX565"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX567"><CODE>history</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="bt_J"></A>J</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX307"><CODE>jobs</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC94">7.2 Job Control Builtins</A></TD></TR>
<A NAME="Reserved Word Index"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words </H2>
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<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#rw_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#rw_[" style="text-decoration:none"><b>[</b></A>
<A NAME="Variable Index"></A>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.3 Parameter and Variable Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC144::-->
+<!--docid::SEC145::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#vr_!" style="text-decoration:none"><b>!</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#vr_#" style="text-decoration:none"><b>#</b></A>
<A NAME="Function Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC145"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC146"></A>
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-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC144"> < </A>]</TD>
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+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> < </A>]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC147"> << </A>]</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
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+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H2> D.4 Function Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC145::-->
+<!--docid::SEC146::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#fn_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#fn_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
<TR><TD></TD><TH ALIGN=LEFT>Index Entry</TH><TH ALIGN=LEFT> Section</TH></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_A"></A>A</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50
6"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50
7"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50
8"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50
9"><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX370"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX371"><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
0"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
1"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
2"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
3"><CODE>alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX356"><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX503"><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX418"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX419"><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
2"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
3"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
4"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
5"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
4"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
5"><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
6"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
7"><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX366"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX367"><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX460"><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX443"><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX456"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX457"><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
2"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
3"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
08"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
09"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
4"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
5"><CODE>display-shell-version (C-x C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
10"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
11"><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX416"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX417"><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
0"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
1"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
4"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
5"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
2"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
3"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
2"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
3"><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
6"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
7"><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
4"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
5"><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX492"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX493"><CODE>dynamic-complete-history (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_E"></A>E</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
58"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
59"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
60"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
61"><CODE>edit-and-execute-command (C-xC-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX500"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX501"><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX378"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX379"><CODE>end-of-history (M-&#62;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX352"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX353"><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
0"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
1"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
2"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
3"><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_F"></A>F</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX404"><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX359"><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_G"></A>G</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
6"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
7"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
38"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
39"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
0"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
1"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
8"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX53
9"><CODE>glob-complete-word (M-g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
40"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
41"><CODE>glob-expand-word (C-x *)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
2"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
3"><CODE>glob-list-expansions (C-x g)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
2"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
3"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
6"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
7"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
4"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
5"><CODE>history-and-alias-expand-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
8"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
9"><CODE>history-expand-line (M-^)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX390"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX391"><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX388"><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX393"><CODE>history-substr-search-forward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
28"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
29"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
30"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
31"><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX464"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX465"><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
4"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
5"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
6"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
7"><CODE>insert-last-argument (M-. or M-_)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_K"></A>K</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX422"><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX431"><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_M"></A>M</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
48"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
49"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
50"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
51"><CODE>magic-space ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX466"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX467"><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX468"><CODE>menu-complete-backward ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX385"><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_O"></A>O</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
6"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
7"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
8"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX55
9"><CODE>operate-and-get-next (C-o)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX420"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX421"><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX479"><CODE>possible-username-completions (C-x ~)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX482"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX483"><CODE>possible-variable-completions (C-x $)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC114">8.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
0"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
1"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
2"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
3"><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX372"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX373"><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX504"><CODE>print-last-kbd-macro ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX505"><CODE>print-last-kbd-macro ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_Q"></A>Q</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX406"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX407"><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_R"></A>R</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50
4"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50
5"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50
6"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX50
7"><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX368"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX369"><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX380"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX381"><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC110">8.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
4"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
5"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
6"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
7"><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_S"></A>S</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX408"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX409"><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
18"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
19"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
20"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX5
21"><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX436"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX437"><CODE>shell-backward-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX364"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX365"><CODE>shell-backward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
4"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
5"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
6"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX54
7"><CODE>shell-expand-line (M-C-e)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX362"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX363"><CODE>shell-forward-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC109">8.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX434"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX435"><CODE>shell-kill-word ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
6"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
7"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
8"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX52
9"><CODE>skip-csi-sequence ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX498"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX499"><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC115">8.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_T"></A>T</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
6"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
7"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
8"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
9"><CODE>tilde-expand (M-&#38;)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX410"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX411"><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX412"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX413"><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC111">8.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="fn_U"></A>U</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
2"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
3"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
4"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX51
5"><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC116">8.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX458"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX459"><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC113">8.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX440"><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE></A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC112">8.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD></TR>
<A NAME="Concept Index"></A>
<HR SIZE="6">
-<A NAME="SEC146"></A>
+<A NAME="SEC147"></A>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
-<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC145"> < </A>]</TD>
+<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC146"> < </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ > ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141"> Up </A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142"> Up </A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
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<H2> D.5 Concept Index </H2>
-<!--docid::SEC146::-->
+<!--docid::SEC147::-->
<table><tr><th valign=top>Jump to: </th><td><A HREF="bashref.html#cp_A" style="text-decoration:none"><b>A</b></A>
<A HREF="bashref.html#cp_B" style="text-decoration:none"><b>B</b></A>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_B"></A>B</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">background</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC93">7.1 Job Control Basics</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">Bash configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">Bash installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">Bourne shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC5">3. Basic Shell Features</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">brace expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC30">3.5.1 Brace Expansion</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX2">builtin</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">command editing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">command execution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">command expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC52">3.7.1 Simple Command Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">command history</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">command search</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC53">3.7.2 Command Search and Execution</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">command substitution</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC33">3.5.4 Command Substitution</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX26">command timing</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC17">3.2.2 Pipelines</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">commands, simple</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC16">3.2.1 Simple Commands</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">comments, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC14">3.1.3 Comments</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">completion builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">configuration</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX3">control operator</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">coprocess</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC23">3.2.5 Coprocesses</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">editing command lines</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC99">8.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC55">3.7.4 Environment</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">evaluation, arithmetic</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC84">6.5 Shell Arithmetic</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">event designators</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">execution environment</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC54">3.7.3 Command Execution Environment</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX4">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">exit status</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC56">3.7.5 Exit Status</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">functions, shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC25">3.3 Shell Functions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_H"></A>H</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX566">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX563">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">history builtins</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX568">history events</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.1 Event Designators</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">history expansion</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">history list</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX565">History, how to use</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">8.8 A Programmable Completion Example</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD COLSPAN=3> <HR></TD></TR>
<TR><TH><A NAME="cp_I"></A>I</TH><TD></TD><TD></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX11">identifier</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC4">2. Definitions</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">initialization file, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC104">8.3 Readline Init File</A></TD></TR>
-<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
+<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">installation</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.1 Basic Installation</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">interaction, readline</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC98">8.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#IDX301">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC70">6.1 Invoking Bash</A></TD></TR>
<TR><TD></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">interactive shell</A></TD><TD valign=top><A HREF="bashref.html#SEC79">6.3 Interactive Shells</A></TD></TR>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Table of Contents</H1>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC119" HREF="bashref.html#SEC119">8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins</A>
<BR>
+<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">8.8 A Programmable Completion Example</A>
+<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A>
+<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9. Using History Interactively</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>
+<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.1 Bash History Facilities</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC122" HREF="bashref.html#SEC122">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>
+<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.2 Bash History Builtins</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC123" HREF="bashref.html#SEC123">9.3 History Expansion</A>
+<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3 History Expansion</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC124" HREF="bashref.html#SEC124">9.3.1 Event Designators</A>
+<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.1 Event Designators</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC125" HREF="bashref.html#SEC125">9.3.2 Word Designators</A>
+<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.2 Word Designators</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC126" HREF="bashref.html#SEC126">9.3.3 Modifiers</A>
+<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">9.3.3 Modifiers</A>
<BR>
</UL>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A>
+<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10. Installing Bash</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10.1 Basic Installation</A>
+<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.1 Basic Installation</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC129" HREF="bashref.html#SEC129">10.2 Compilers and Options</A>
+<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.2 Compilers and Options</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC130" HREF="bashref.html#SEC130">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A>
+<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.3 Compiling For Multiple Architectures</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC131" HREF="bashref.html#SEC131">10.4 Installation Names</A>
+<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.4 Installation Names</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC132" HREF="bashref.html#SEC132">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A>
+<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.5 Specifying the System Type</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC133" HREF="bashref.html#SEC133">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A>
+<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.6 Sharing Defaults</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC134" HREF="bashref.html#SEC134">10.7 Operation Controls</A>
+<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.7 Operation Controls</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC135" HREF="bashref.html#SEC135">10.8 Optional Features</A>
+<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">10.8 Optional Features</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
+<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">B.1 Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell</A>
<BR>
</UL>
-<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
+<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A>
+<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D. Indexes</A>
<BR>
<UL>
-<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A>
+<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.1 Index of Shell Builtin Commands</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC143" HREF="bashref.html#SEC143">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A>
+<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.2 Index of Shell Reserved Words</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC144" HREF="bashref.html#SEC144">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC145" HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.3 Parameter and Variable Index</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC145" HREF="bashref.html#SEC145">D.4 Function Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC146" HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.4 Function Index</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC146" HREF="bashref.html#SEC146">D.5 Concept Index</A>
+<A NAME="TOC147" HREF="bashref.html#SEC147">D.5 Concept Index</A>
<BR>
</UL>
</UL>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>Short Table of Contents</H1>
<BR>
<A NAME="TOC96" HREF="bashref.html#SEC96">8. Command Line Editing</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC120" HREF="bashref.html#SEC120">9. Using History Interactively</A>
+<A NAME="TOC121" HREF="bashref.html#SEC121">9. Using History Interactively</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC127" HREF="bashref.html#SEC127">10. Installing Bash</A>
+<A NAME="TOC128" HREF="bashref.html#SEC128">10. Installing Bash</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC136" HREF="bashref.html#SEC136">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
+<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">A. Reporting Bugs</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC137" HREF="bashref.html#SEC137">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
+<A NAME="TOC138" HREF="bashref.html#SEC138">B. Major Differences From The Bourne Shell</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC139" HREF="bashref.html#SEC139">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
+<A NAME="TOC140" HREF="bashref.html#SEC140">C. GNU Free Documentation License</A>
<BR>
-<A NAME="TOC141" HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">D. Indexes</A>
+<A NAME="TOC142" HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">D. Indexes</A>
<BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0>
<TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD>
-<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC141">Index</A>]</TD>
+<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC142">Index</A>]</TD>
<TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="bashref.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<H1>About this document</H1>
-This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 24 2011</I>
+This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 29 2011</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
<P></P>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">
This document was generated
-by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>October, 24 2011</I>
+by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>December, 29 2011</I>
using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html
"><I>texi2html</I></A>
This is bashref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from
-/Users/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
+/usr/src/local/chet/src/bash/src/doc/bashref.texi.
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.2, 24 October 2011).
+the Bash shell (version 4.2, 29 December 2011).
- This is Edition 4.2, last updated 24 October 2011, of `The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.2, last updated 29 December 2011, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
Copyright (C) 1988-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
*************
This text is a brief description of the features that are present in
-the Bash shell (version 4.2, 24 October 2011).
+the Bash shell (version 4.2, 29 December 2011).
- This is Edition 4.2, last updated 24 October 2011, of `The GNU Bash
+ This is Edition 4.2, last updated 29 December 2011, of `The GNU Bash
Reference Manual', for `Bash', Version 4.2.
Bash contains features that appear in other popular shells, and some
(see the description of `shopt' in *note The Shopt Builtin::) is
enabled, the match is performed without regard to the case of
alphabetic characters. Any part of the pattern may be quoted to
- force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. Substrings
- matched by parenthesized subexpressions within the regular
- expression are saved in the array variable `BASH_REMATCH'. The
- element of `BASH_REMATCH' with index 0 is the portion of the string
- matching the entire regular expression. The element of
- `BASH_REMATCH' with index N is the portion of the string matching
- the Nth parenthesized subexpression.
+ force the quoted portion to be matched as a string. Bracket
+ expressions in regular expressions must be treated carefully,
+ since normal quoting characters lose their meanings between
+ brackets. If the pattern is stored in a shell variable, quoting
+ the variable expansion forces the entire pattern to be matched as
+ a string. Substrings matched by parenthesized subexpressions
+ within the regular expression are saved in the array variable
+ `BASH_REMATCH'. The element of `BASH_REMATCH' with index 0 is the
+ portion of the string matching the entire regular expression. The
+ element of `BASH_REMATCH' with index N is the portion of the
+ string matching the Nth parenthesized subexpression.
+
+ For example, the following will match a line (stored in the shell
+ variable LINE) if there is a sequence of characters in the value
+ consisting of any number, including zero, of space characters,
+ zero or one instances of `a', then a `b':
+ [[ $line =~ [[:space:]]*(a)?b ]]
+
+ That means values like `aab' and ` aaaaaab' will match, as will a
+ line containing a `b' anywhere in its value.
+
+ Storing the regular expression in a shell variable is often a
+ useful way to avoid problems with quoting characters that are
+ special to the shell. It is sometimes difficult to specify a
+ regular expression literally without using quotes, or to keep
+ track of the quoting used by regular expressions while paying
+ attention to the shell's quote removal. Using a shell variable to
+ store the pattern decreases these problems. For example, the
+ following is equivalent to the above:
+ pattern='[[:space:]]*(a)?b'
+ [[ $line =~ $pattern ]]
+
+ If you want to match a character that's special to the regular
+ expression grammar, it has to be quoted to remove its special
+ meaning. This means that in the pattern `xxx.txt', the `.'
+ matches any character in the string (its usual regular expression
+ meaning), but in the pattern `"xxx.txt"' it can only match a
+ literal `.'. Shell programmers should take special care with
+ backslashes, since backslashes are used both by the shell and
+ regular expressions to remove the special meaning from the
+ following character. The following two sets of commands are _not_
+ equivalent:
+ pattern='\.'
+
+ [[ . =~ $pattern ]]
+ [[ . =~ \. ]]
+
+ [[ . =~ "$pattern" ]]
+ [[ . =~ '\.' ]]
+
+ The first two matches will succeed, but the second two will not,
+ because in the second two the backslash will be part of the
+ pattern to be matched. In the first two examples, the backslash
+ removes the special meaning from `.', so the literal `.' matches.
+ If the string in the first examples were anything other than `.',
+ say `a', the pattern would not match, because the quoted `.' in the
+ pattern loses its special meaning of matching any single character.
Expressions may be combined using the following operators, listed
in decreasing order of precedence:
`EXPRESSION1 || EXPRESSION2'
True if either EXPRESSION1 or EXPRESSION2 is true.
- The `&&' and `||' operators do not evaluate [BEXPRESSION2 if the
+ The `&&' and `||' operators do not evaluate EXPRESSION2 if the
value of EXPRESSION1 is sufficient to determine the return value
of the entire conditional expression.
`${PARAMETER,,PATTERN}'
This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in
PARAMETER. The PATTERN is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
- filename expansion. The `^' operator converts lowercase letters
- matching PATTERN to uppercase; the `,' operator converts matching
- uppercase letters to lowercase. The `^^' and `,,' expansions
- convert each matched character in the expanded value; the `^' and
- `,' expansions match and convert only the first character in the
- expanded value. If PATTERN is omitted, it is treated like a `?',
- which matches every character. If PARAMETER is `@' or `*', the
- case modification operation is applied to each positional
- parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If
- PARAMETER is an array variable subscripted with `@' or `*', the
- case modification operation is applied to each member of the array
- in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
+ filename expansion. Each character in the expanded value of
+ PARAMETER is tested against PATTERN, and, if it matches the
+ pattern, its case is converted. The pattern should not attempt to
+ match more than one character. The `^' operator converts
+ lowercase letters matching PATTERN to uppercase; the `,' operator
+ converts matching uppercase letters to lowercase. The `^^' and
+ `,,' expansions convert each matched character in the expanded
+ value; the `^' and `,' expansions match and convert only the first
+ character in the expanded value. If PATTERN is omitted, it is
+ treated like a `?', which matches every character. If PARAMETER
+ is `@' or `*', the case modification operation is applied to each
+ positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant
+ list. If PARAMETER is an array variable subscripted with `@' or
+ `*', the case modification operation is applied to each member of
+ the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Command Substitution, Next: Arithmetic Expansion, Prev: Shell Parameter Expansion, Up: Shell Expansions
cd [-L|[-P [-e]]] [DIRECTORY]
Change the current working directory to DIRECTORY. If DIRECTORY
- is not given, the value of the `HOME' shell variable is used. If
- the shell variable `CDPATH' exists, it is used as a search path.
+ is not supplied, the value of the `HOME' shell variable is used.
+ Any additional arguments following DIRECTORY are ignored. If the
+ shell variable `CDPATH' exists, it is used as a search path: each
+ directory name in `CDPATH' is searched for DIRECTORY, with
+ alternative directory names in `CDPATH' separated by a colon (`:').
If DIRECTORY begins with a slash, `CDPATH' is not used.
- The `-P' option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic links
- are followed by default or with the `-L' option. If the `-e'
- option is supplied with `-P' and the current working directory
- cannot be successfully determined after a successful directory
- change, `cd' will return an unsuccessful status. If DIRECTORY is
- `-', it is converted to `$OLDPWD' before the directory change is
- attempted.
+ The `-P' option means to not follow symbolic links: symbolic links
+ are resolved while `cd' is traversing DIRECTORY and before
+ processing an instance of `..' in DIRECTORY.
+
+ By default, or when the `-L' option is supplied, symbolic links in
+ DIRECTORY are resolved after `cd' processes an instance of `..' in
+ DIRECTORY.
+
+ If `..' appears in DIRECTORY, it is processed by removing the
+ immediately preceding pathname component, back to a slash or the
+ beginning of DIRECTORY.
+
+ If the `-e' option is supplied with `-P' and the current working
+ directory cannot be successfully determined after a successful
+ directory change, `cd' will return an unsuccessful status. If
+ DIRECTORY is `-', it is converted to `$OLDPWD' before the
+ directory change is attempted.
If a non-empty directory name from `CDPATH' is used, or if `-' is
the first argument, and the directory change is successful, the
Aliases::.
`bind'
- bind [-m KEYMAP] [-lpsvPSV]
+ bind [-m KEYMAP] [-lpsvPSVX]
bind [-m KEYMAP] [-q FUNCTION] [-u FUNCTION] [-r KEYSEQ]
bind [-m KEYMAP] -f FILENAME
bind [-m KEYMAP] -x KEYSEQ:SHELL-COMMAND
changes the value of `READLINE_LINE' or `READLINE_POINT',
those new values will be reflected in the editing state.
+ `-X'
+ List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
+ associated commands in a format that can be reused as input.
+
The return status is zero unless an invalid option is supplied or
an error occurs.
next character read and for line continuation. If no names are
supplied, the line read is assigned to the variable `REPLY'. The
return code is zero, unless end-of-file is encountered, `read'
- times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), or
- an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the argument to `-u'.
+ times out (in which case the return code is greater than 128), a
+ variable assignment error (such as assigning to a readonly
+ variable) occurs, or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as the
+ argument to `-u'.
Options, if supplied, have the following meanings:
shells.
`-P'
- If set, do not follow symbolic links when performing commands
- such as `cd' which change the current directory. The
- physical directory is used instead. By default, Bash follows
- the logical chain of directories when performing commands
- which change the current directory.
+ If set, do not resolve symbolic links when performing
+ commands such as `cd' which change the current directory.
+ The physical directory is used instead. By default, Bash
+ follows the logical chain of directories when performing
+ commands which change the current directory.
For example, if `/usr/sys' is a symbolic link to
`/usr/local/sys' then:
`COMPREPLY'
An array variable from which Bash reads the possible completions
generated by a shell function invoked by the programmable
- completion facility (*note Programmable Completion::).
+ completion facility (*note Programmable Completion::). Each array
+ element contains one possible completion.
`COPROC'
An array variable created to hold the file descriptors for output
`HISTFILESIZE'
The maximum number of lines contained in the history file. When
this variable is assigned a value, the history file is truncated,
- if necessary, by removing the oldest entries, to contain no more
- than that number of lines. The history file is also truncated to
- this size after writing it when an interactive shell exits. The
- default value is 500.
+ if necessary, to contain no more than that number of lines by
+ removing the oldest entries. The history file is also truncated
+ to this size after writing it when an interactive shell exits. If
+ the value is 0, the history file is truncated to zero size.
+ Non-numeric values and numeric values less than zero inhibit
+ truncation. The shell sets the default value to the value of
+ `HISTSIZE' after reading any startup files.
`HISTIGNORE'
A colon-separated list of patterns used to decide which command
`HISTSIZE'
The maximum number of commands to remember on the history list.
- The default value is 500.
+ If the value is 0, commands are not saved in the history list.
+ Numeric values less than zero result in every command being saved
+ on the history list (there is no limit). The shell sets the
+ default value to 500 after reading any startup files.
`HISTTIMEFORMAT'
If this variable is set and not null, its value is used as a
There are several single-character options that may be supplied at
invocation which are not available with the `set' builtin.
-`-c STRING'
- Read and execute commands from STRING after processing the
- options, then exit. Any remaining arguments are assigned to the
- positional parameters, starting with `$0'.
+`-c'
+ Read and execute commands from the first non-option ARGUMENT after
+ processing the options, then exit. Any remaining arguments are
+ assigned to the positional parameters, starting with `$0'.
`-i'
Force the shell to run interactively. Interactive shells are
a specific command.
* Programmable Completion Builtins:: Builtin commands to specify how to
complete arguments for a particular command.
+* A Programmable Completion Example:: An example shell function for
+ generating possible completions.
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Introduction and Notation, Next: Readline Interaction, Up: Command Line Editing
Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the
characters in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
+`print-last-kbd-macro ()'
+ Print the last keboard macro defined in a format suitable for the
+ INPUTRC file.
+
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Miscellaneous Commands, Prev: Keyboard Macros, Up: Bindable Readline Commands
`COMP_KEY', and `COMP_TYPE' variables are assigned values as described
above (*note Bash Variables::). If a shell function is being invoked,
the `COMP_WORDS' and `COMP_CWORD' variables are also set. When the
-function or command is invoked, the first argument is the name of the
-command whose arguments are being completed, the second argument is the
-word being completed, and the third argument is the word preceding the
-word being completed on the current command line. No filtering of the
-generated completions against the word being completed is performed;
-the function or command has complete freedom in generating the matches.
+function or command is invoked, the first argument ($1) is the name of
+the command whose arguments are being completed, the second argument
+($2) is the word being completed, and the third argument ($3) is the
+word preceding the word being completed on the current command line.
+No filtering of the generated completions against the word being
+completed is performed; the function or command has complete freedom in
+generating the matches.
Any function specified with `-F' is invoked first. The function may
use any of the shell facilities, including the `compgen' and `compopt'
builtins described below (*note Programmable Completion Builtins::), to
generate the matches. It must put the possible completions in the
-`COMPREPLY' array variable.
+`COMPREPLY' array variable, one per array element.
Next, any command specified with the `-C' option is invoked in an
environment equivalent to command substitution. It should print a list
_completion_loader()
{
- . "/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124
+ . "/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124
}
complete -D -F _completion_loader
\1f
-File: bashref.info, Node: Programmable Completion Builtins, Prev: Programmable Completion, Up: Command Line Editing
+File: bashref.info, Node: Programmable Completion Builtins, Next: A Programmable Completion Example, Prev: Programmable Completion, Up: Command Line Editing
8.7 Programmable Completion Builtins
====================================
-Two builtin commands are available to manipulate the programmable
-completion facilities.
+Three builtin commands are available to manipulate the programmable
+completion facilities: one to specify how the arguments to a particular
+command are to be completed, and two to modify the completion as it is
+happening.
`compgen'
`compgen [OPTION] [WORD]'
option is intended to be used with shell functions
specified with `-F'.
+ `noquote'
+ Tell Readline not to quote the completed words if they
+ are filenames (quoting filenames is the default).
+
`nospace'
Tell Readline not to append a space (the default) to
words completed at the end of the line.
`-F FUNCTION'
The shell function FUNCTION is executed in the current shell
- environment. When it finishes, the possible completions are
- retrieved from the value of the `COMPREPLY' array variable.
+ environment. When it is executed, $1 is the name of the
+ command whose arguments are being completed, $2 is the word
+ being completed, and $3 is the word preceding the word being
+ completed, as described above (*note Programmable
+ Completion::). When it finishes, the possible completions
+ are retrieved from the value of the `COMPREPLY' array
+ variable.
`-G GLOBPAT'
The filename expansion pattern GLOBPAT is expanded to generate
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
+\1f
+File: bashref.info, Node: A Programmable Completion Example, Prev: Programmable Completion Builtins, Up: Command Line Editing
+
+8.8 A Programmable Completion Example
+=====================================
+
+The most common way to obtain additional completion functionality beyond
+the default actions `complete' and `compgen' provide is to use a shell
+function and bind it to a particular command using `complete -F'.
+
+ The following function provides completions for the `cd' builtin.
+It is a reasonably good example of what shell functions must do when
+used for completion. This function uses the word passsed as `$2' to
+determine the directory name to complete. You can also use the
+`COMP_WORDS' array variable; the current word is indexed by the
+`COMP_CWORD' variable.
+
+ The function relies on the `complete' and `compgen' builtins to do
+much of the work, adding only the things that the Bash `cd' does beyond
+accepting basic directory names: tilde expansion (*note Tilde
+Expansion::), searching directories in $CDPATH, which is described above
+(*note Bourne Shell Builtins::), and basic support for the
+`cdable_vars' shell option (*note The Shopt Builtin::). `_comp_cd'
+modifies the value of IFS so that it contains only a newline to
+accommodate file names containing spaces and tabs - `compgen' prints
+the possible completions it generates one per line.
+
+ Possible completions go into the COMPREPLY array variable, one
+completion per array element. The programmable completion system
+retrieves the completions from there when the function returns.
+
+ # A completion function for the cd builtin
+ # based on the cd completion function from the bash_completion package
+ _comp_cd()
+ {
+ local IFS=$' \t\n' # normalize IFS
+ local cur _skipdot _cdpath
+ local i j k
+
+ # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname
+ case "$2" in
+ \~*) eval cur="$2" ;;
+ *) cur=$2 ;;
+ esac
+
+ # no cdpath or absolute pathname -- straight directory completion
+ if [[ -z "${CDPATH:-}" ]] || [[ "$cur" == @(./*|../*|/*) ]]; then
+ # compgen prints paths one per line; could also use while loop
+ IFS=$'\n'
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -d -- "$cur") )
+ IFS=$' \t\n'
+ # CDPATH+directories in the current directory if not in CDPATH
+ else
+ IFS=$'\n'
+ _skipdot=false
+ # preprocess CDPATH to convert null directory names to .
+ _cdpath=${CDPATH/#:/.:}
+ _cdpath=${_cdpath//::/:.:}
+ _cdpath=${_cdpath/%:/:.}
+ for i in ${_cdpath//:/$'\n'}; do
+ if [[ $i -ef . ]]; then _skipdot=true; fi
+ k="${#COMPREPLY[@]}"
+ for j in $( compgen -d -- "$i/$cur" ); do
+ COMPREPLY[k++]=${j#$i/} # cut off directory
+ done
+ done
+ $_skipdot || COMPREPLY+=( $(compgen -d -- "$cur") )
+ IFS=$' \t\n'
+ fi
+
+ # variable names if appropriate shell option set and no completions
+ if shopt -q cdable_vars && [[ ${#COMPREPLY[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -v -- "$cur") )
+ fi
+
+ return 0
+ }
+
+ We install the completion function using the `-F' option to
+`complete':
+
+ # Tell readline to quote appropriate and append slashes to directories;
+ # use the bash default completion for other arguments
+ complete -o filenames -o nospace -o bashdefault -F _comp_cd cd
+
+Since we'd like Bash and Readline to take care of some of the other
+details for us, we use several other options to tell Bash and Readline
+what to do. The `-o filenames' option tells Readline that the possible
+completions should be treated as filenames, and quoted appropriately.
+That option will also cause Readline to append a slash to filenames it
+can determine are directories (which is why we might want to extend
+`_comp_cd' to append a slash if we're using directories found via
+CDPATH: Readline can't tell those completions are directories). The
+`-o nospace' option tells Readline to not append a space character to
+the directory name, in case we want to append to it. The `-o
+bashdefault' option brings in the rest of the "Bash default"
+completions - possible completion that Bash adds to the default Readline
+set. These include things like command name completion, variable
+completion for words beginning with `{', completions containing pathname
+expansion patterns (*note Filename Expansion::), and so on.
+
+ Once installed using `complete', `_comp_cd' will be called every
+time we attempt word completion for a `cd' command.
+
+ Many more examples - an extensive collection of completions for most
+of the common GNU, Unix, and Linux commands - are available as part of
+the bash_completion project. This is installed by default on many
+GNU/Linux distributions. Originally written by Ian Macdonald, the
+project now lives at `http://bash-completion.alioth.debian.org/'.
+There are ports for other systems such as Solaris and Mac OS X.
+
+ An older version of the bash_completion package is distributed with
+bash in the `examples/complete' subdirectory.
+
\1f
File: bashref.info, Node: Using History Interactively, Next: Installing Bash, Prev: Command Line Editing, Up: Top
history file is overwritten. If `HISTFILE' is unset, or if the history
file is unwritable, the history is not saved. After saving the
history, the history file is truncated to contain no more than
-`$HISTFILESIZE' lines. If `HISTFILESIZE' is not set, no truncation is
-performed.
+`$HISTFILESIZE' lines. If `HISTFILESIZE' is unset, or set to null, a
+non-numeric value, or a numeric value less than zero, the history file
+is not truncated.
If the `HISTTIMEFORMAT' is set, the time stamp information
associated with each history entry is written to the history file,
* :: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 11)
* [: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 241)
+ (line 254)
* alias: Bash Builtins. (line 11)
* bg: Job Control Builtins.
(line 7)
* bind: Bash Builtins. (line 21)
* break: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 31)
-* builtin: Bash Builtins. (line 98)
-* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 107)
+* builtin: Bash Builtins. (line 102)
+* caller: Bash Builtins. (line 111)
* cd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
(line 39)
-* command: Bash Builtins. (line 125)
+* command: Bash Builtins. (line 129)
* compgen: Programmable Completion Builtins.
- (line 10)
+ (line 12)
* complete: Programmable Completion Builtins.
- (line 28)
+ (line 30)
* compopt: Programmable Completion Builtins.
- (line 217)
+ (line 228)
* continue: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 63)
-* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 145)
+ (line 76)
+* declare: Bash Builtins. (line 149)
* dirs: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 7)
* disown: Job Control Builtins.
(line 87)
-* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 229)
-* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 291)
+* echo: Bash Builtins. (line 233)
+* enable: Bash Builtins. (line 295)
* eval: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 72)
+ (line 85)
* exec: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 80)
+ (line 93)
* exit: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 97)
+ (line 110)
* export: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 104)
+ (line 117)
* fc: Bash History Builtins.
(line 10)
* fg: Job Control Builtins.
(line 17)
* getopts: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 120)
+ (line 133)
* hash: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 163)
-* help: Bash Builtins. (line 320)
+ (line 176)
+* help: Bash Builtins. (line 324)
* history: Bash History Builtins.
(line 40)
* jobs: Job Control Builtins.
(line 27)
* kill: Job Control Builtins.
(line 59)
-* let: Bash Builtins. (line 341)
-* local: Bash Builtins. (line 349)
-* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 360)
-* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 365)
+* let: Bash Builtins. (line 345)
+* local: Bash Builtins. (line 353)
+* logout: Bash Builtins. (line 364)
+* mapfile: Bash Builtins. (line 369)
* popd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 39)
-* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 413)
+* printf: Bash Builtins. (line 417)
* pushd: Directory Stack Builtins.
(line 61)
* pwd: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 183)
-* read: Bash Builtins. (line 459)
-* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 541)
+ (line 196)
+* read: Bash Builtins. (line 463)
+* readarray: Bash Builtins. (line 547)
* readonly: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 193)
+ (line 206)
* return: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 212)
+ (line 225)
* set: The Set Builtin. (line 11)
* shift: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 228)
+ (line 241)
* shopt: The Shopt Builtin. (line 9)
-* source: Bash Builtins. (line 550)
+* source: Bash Builtins. (line 556)
* suspend: Job Control Builtins.
(line 99)
* test: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 241)
+ (line 254)
* times: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 317)
+ (line 330)
* trap: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 323)
-* type: Bash Builtins. (line 555)
-* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 587)
-* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 593)
+ (line 336)
+* type: Bash Builtins. (line 561)
+* typeset: Bash Builtins. (line 593)
+* ulimit: Bash Builtins. (line 599)
* umask: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 370)
-* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 684)
+ (line 383)
+* unalias: Bash Builtins. (line 690)
* unset: Bourne Shell Builtins.
- (line 388)
+ (line 401)
* wait: Job Control Builtins.
(line 76)
* COMPREPLY: Bash Variables. (line 195)
* convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 90)
-* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 200)
-* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 204)
+* COPROC: Bash Variables. (line 201)
+* DIRSTACK: Bash Variables. (line 205)
* disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 96)
* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 101)
-* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 214)
+* EMACS: Bash Variables. (line 215)
* enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 112)
-* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 219)
-* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 223)
+* ENV: Bash Variables. (line 220)
+* EUID: Bash Variables. (line 224)
* expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 123)
-* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 227)
-* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 231)
-* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 237)
-* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 255)
-* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 260)
-* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 266)
-* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 272)
-* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 287)
-* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 292)
-* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 308)
-* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 312)
-* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 320)
+* FCEDIT: Bash Variables. (line 228)
+* FIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 232)
+* FUNCNAME: Bash Variables. (line 238)
+* FUNCNEST: Bash Variables. (line 256)
+* GLOBIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 261)
+* GROUPS: Bash Variables. (line 267)
+* histchars: Bash Variables. (line 273)
+* HISTCMD: Bash Variables. (line 288)
+* HISTCONTROL: Bash Variables. (line 293)
+* HISTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 309)
+* HISTFILESIZE: Bash Variables. (line 313)
+* HISTIGNORE: Bash Variables. (line 324)
* history-preserve-point: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 127)
* history-size: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 133)
-* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 339)
-* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 343)
+* HISTSIZE: Bash Variables. (line 343)
+* HISTTIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 350)
* HOME: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 13)
* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 138)
-* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 352)
-* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 363)
-* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 366)
+* HOSTFILE: Bash Variables. (line 359)
+* HOSTNAME: Bash Variables. (line 370)
+* HOSTTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 373)
* IFS: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 18)
-* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 369)
+* IGNOREEOF: Bash Variables. (line 376)
* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 145)
-* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 379)
+* INPUTRC: Bash Variables. (line 386)
* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 152)
* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 159)
-* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 383)
-* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 387)
-* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 391)
-* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 398)
+* LANG: Bash Variables. (line 390)
+* LC_ALL: Bash Variables. (line 394)
+* LC_COLLATE: Bash Variables. (line 398)
+* LC_CTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 405)
* LC_MESSAGES <1>: Locale Translation. (line 11)
-* LC_MESSAGES: Bash Variables. (line 403)
-* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 407)
-* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 411)
-* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 415)
-* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 420)
+* LC_MESSAGES: Bash Variables. (line 410)
+* LC_NUMERIC: Bash Variables. (line 414)
+* LINENO: Bash Variables. (line 418)
+* LINES: Bash Variables. (line 422)
+* MACHTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 427)
* MAIL: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 22)
-* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 424)
+* MAILCHECK: Bash Variables. (line 431)
* MAILPATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 27)
-* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 432)
+* MAPFILE: Bash Variables. (line 439)
* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 172)
* mark-symlinked-directories: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 189)
* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 145)
-* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 436)
+* OLDPWD: Bash Variables. (line 443)
* OPTARG: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 34)
-* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 439)
+* OPTERR: Bash Variables. (line 446)
* OPTIND: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 38)
-* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 443)
+* OSTYPE: Bash Variables. (line 450)
* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 194)
* page-completions: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 199)
* PATH: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 42)
-* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 446)
-* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 451)
-* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 460)
-* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 464)
-* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 468)
+* PIPESTATUS: Bash Variables. (line 453)
+* POSIXLY_CORRECT: Bash Variables. (line 458)
+* PPID: Bash Variables. (line 467)
+* PROMPT_COMMAND: Bash Variables. (line 471)
+* PROMPT_DIRTRIM: Bash Variables. (line 475)
* PS1: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 48)
* PS2: Bourne Shell Variables.
(line 53)
-* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 474)
-* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 479)
-* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 485)
-* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 488)
-* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 493)
-* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 497)
-* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 501)
+* PS3: Bash Variables. (line 481)
+* PS4: Bash Variables. (line 486)
+* PWD: Bash Variables. (line 492)
+* RANDOM: Bash Variables. (line 495)
+* READLINE_LINE: Bash Variables. (line 500)
+* READLINE_POINT: Bash Variables. (line 504)
+* REPLY: Bash Variables. (line 508)
* revert-all-at-newline: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 209)
-* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 504)
-* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 510)
-* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 515)
-* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 524)
+* SECONDS: Bash Variables. (line 511)
+* SHELL: Bash Variables. (line 517)
+* SHELLOPTS: Bash Variables. (line 522)
+* SHLVL: Bash Variables. (line 531)
* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 215)
* show-all-if-unmodified: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 230)
* TEXTDOMAIN: Locale Translation. (line 11)
* TEXTDOMAINDIR: Locale Translation. (line 11)
-* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 529)
-* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 567)
-* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 579)
-* UID: Bash Variables. (line 583)
+* TIMEFORMAT: Bash Variables. (line 536)
+* TMOUT: Bash Variables. (line 574)
+* TMPDIR: Bash Variables. (line 586)
+* UID: Bash Variables. (line 590)
* visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax.
(line 243)
* prefix-meta (<ESC>): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 18)
* previous-history (C-p): Commands For History. (line 13)
+* print-last-kbd-macro (): Keyboard Macros. (line 17)
* quoted-insert (C-q or C-v): Commands For Text. (line 20)
* re-read-init-file (C-x C-r): Miscellaneous Commands.
(line 6)
* history expansion: History Interaction. (line 6)
* history list: Bash History Facilities.
(line 6)
-* History, how to use: Programmable Completion Builtins.
- (line 237)
+* History, how to use: A Programmable Completion Example.
+ (line 114)
* identifier: Definitions. (line 51)
* initialization file, readline: Readline Init File. (line 6)
* installation: Basic Installation. (line 6)
\1f
Tag Table:
-Node: Top\7f1344
-Node: Introduction\7f3182
-Node: What is Bash?\7f3410
-Node: What is a shell?\7f4523
-Node: Definitions\7f7062
-Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9980
-Node: Shell Syntax\7f11199
-Node: Shell Operation\7f12229
-Node: Quoting\7f13523
-Node: Escape Character\7f14826
-Node: Single Quotes\7f15311
-Node: Double Quotes\7f15659
-Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16784
-Node: Locale Translation\7f18028
-Node: Comments\7f18924
-Node: Shell Commands\7f19542
-Node: Simple Commands\7f20414
-Node: Pipelines\7f21045
-Node: Lists\7f23744
-Node: Compound Commands\7f25473
-Node: Looping Constructs\7f26479
-Node: Conditional Constructs\7f28942
-Node: Command Grouping\7f37087
-Node: Coprocesses\7f38566
-Node: GNU Parallel\7f40240
-Node: Shell Functions\7f42708
-Node: Shell Parameters\7f47792
-Node: Positional Parameters\7f50397
-Node: Special Parameters\7f51297
-Node: Shell Expansions\7f54261
-Node: Brace Expansion\7f56187
-Node: Tilde Expansion\7f58941
-Node: Shell Parameter Expansion\7f61290
-Node: Command Substitution\7f70424
-Node: Arithmetic Expansion\7f71757
-Node: Process Substitution\7f72607
-Node: Word Splitting\7f73657
-Node: Filename Expansion\7f75280
-Node: Pattern Matching\7f77445
-Node: Quote Removal\7f81145
-Node: Redirections\7f81440
-Node: Executing Commands\7f90480
-Node: Simple Command Expansion\7f91150
-Node: Command Search and Execution\7f93080
-Node: Command Execution Environment\7f95417
-Node: Environment\7f98403
-Node: Exit Status\7f100062
-Node: Signals\7f101684
-Node: Shell Scripts\7f103652
-Node: Shell Builtin Commands\7f106170
-Node: Bourne Shell Builtins\7f108198
-Node: Bash Builtins\7f126983
-Node: Modifying Shell Behavior\7f153361
-Node: The Set Builtin\7f153706
-Node: The Shopt Builtin\7f163454
-Node: Special Builtins\7f177155
-Node: Shell Variables\7f178134
-Node: Bourne Shell Variables\7f178574
-Node: Bash Variables\7f180605
-Node: Bash Features\7f205606
-Node: Invoking Bash\7f206505
-Node: Bash Startup Files\7f212267
-Node: Interactive Shells\7f217286
-Node: What is an Interactive Shell?\7f217696
-Node: Is this Shell Interactive?\7f218345
-Node: Interactive Shell Behavior\7f219160
-Node: Bash Conditional Expressions\7f222440
-Node: Shell Arithmetic\7f226228
-Node: Aliases\7f228987
-Node: Arrays\7f231543
-Node: The Directory Stack\7f235751
-Node: Directory Stack Builtins\7f236470
-Node: Controlling the Prompt\7f239426
-Node: The Restricted Shell\7f242198
-Node: Bash POSIX Mode\7f244035
-Node: Job Control\7f253183
-Node: Job Control Basics\7f253643
-Node: Job Control Builtins\7f258362
-Node: Job Control Variables\7f262714
-Node: Command Line Editing\7f263872
-Node: Introduction and Notation\7f265439
-Node: Readline Interaction\7f267061
-Node: Readline Bare Essentials\7f268252
-Node: Readline Movement Commands\7f270041
-Node: Readline Killing Commands\7f271006
-Node: Readline Arguments\7f272926
-Node: Searching\7f273970
-Node: Readline Init File\7f276156
-Node: Readline Init File Syntax\7f277303
-Node: Conditional Init Constructs\7f292645
-Node: Sample Init File\7f295178
-Node: Bindable Readline Commands\7f298295
-Node: Commands For Moving\7f299502
-Node: Commands For History\7f300646
-Node: Commands For Text\7f304831
-Node: Commands For Killing\7f307504
-Node: Numeric Arguments\7f309961
-Node: Commands For Completion\7f311100
-Node: Keyboard Macros\7f315292
-Node: Miscellaneous Commands\7f315863
-Node: Readline vi Mode\7f321669
-Node: Programmable Completion\7f322576
-Node: Programmable Completion Builtins\7f329786
-Node: Using History Interactively\7f338922
-Node: Bash History Facilities\7f339606
-Node: Bash History Builtins\7f342520
-Node: History Interaction\7f346448
-Node: Event Designators\7f349153
-Node: Word Designators\7f350375
-Node: Modifiers\7f352014
-Node: Installing Bash\7f353418
-Node: Basic Installation\7f354555
-Node: Compilers and Options\7f357247
-Node: Compiling For Multiple Architectures\7f357988
-Node: Installation Names\7f359652
-Node: Specifying the System Type\7f360470
-Node: Sharing Defaults\7f361186
-Node: Operation Controls\7f361859
-Node: Optional Features\7f362817
-Node: Reporting Bugs\7f372389
-Node: Major Differences From The Bourne Shell\7f373590
-Node: GNU Free Documentation License\7f390282
-Node: Indexes\7f415478
-Node: Builtin Index\7f415932
-Node: Reserved Word Index\7f422759
-Node: Variable Index\7f425207
-Node: Function Index\7f438302
-Node: Concept Index\7f445457
+Node: Top\7f1354
+Node: Introduction\7f3194
+Node: What is Bash?\7f3422
+Node: What is a shell?\7f4535
+Node: Definitions\7f7074
+Node: Basic Shell Features\7f9992
+Node: Shell Syntax\7f11211
+Node: Shell Operation\7f12241
+Node: Quoting\7f13535
+Node: Escape Character\7f14838
+Node: Single Quotes\7f15323
+Node: Double Quotes\7f15671
+Node: ANSI-C Quoting\7f16796
+Node: Locale Translation\7f18040
+Node: Comments\7f18936
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+Node: Using History Interactively\7f349187
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-[43]
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@texttt emacs-meta[]@textrm , @texttt emacs-ctlx[]@textrm , @texttt vi[]@textr
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[61] [62] Chapter 5 [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73]
Chapter 6 [74]
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Chapter 7 [91] [92] [93] [94] [95]
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[103] [104] [105] [106] [107]
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cleartomark
+{restore}if
%%EndFont
%%BeginFont: CMR9
-%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR9 1.0
-%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:39:59
-% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMR9 003.002
+%%Title: CMR9
+%Version: 003.002
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
+%%Creator: David M. Jones
+%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
+%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMR9.
+% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
+% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/CMR9 known{/CMR9 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 5000792 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
-/version (1.0) readonly def
-/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
+/FontName /CMR9 def
+/FontBBox {-39 -250 1036 750 }readonly def
+/UniqueID 5000792 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
+/version (003.002) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMR9.) readonly def
/FullName (CMR9) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
-/FontName /CMR9 def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 12 /fi put
dup 121 /y put
dup 122 /z put
readonly def
-/FontBBox{-39 -250 1036 750}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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%%BeginFont: CMMI9
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-%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:55
-% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMMI9 003.002
+%%Title: CMMI9
+%Version: 003.002
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
+%%Creator: David M. Jones
+%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
+%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI9.
+% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
+% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
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+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
-/version (1.100) readonly def
-/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
+/FontName /CMMI9 def
+/FontBBox {-29 -250 1075 750 }readonly def
+/UniqueID 5087384 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
+/version (003.002) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMMI9.) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI9) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
+/ascent 750 def
end readonly def
-/FontName /CMMI9 def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 58 /period put
readonly def
-/FontBBox{-29 -250 1075 750}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
+{restore}if
%%EndFont
%%BeginFont: CMSLTT10
-%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSLTT10 1.0
-%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:41:43
-% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMSLTT10 003.002
+%%Title: CMSLTT10
+%Version: 003.002
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
+%%Creator: David M. Jones
+%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
+%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMSLTT10.
+% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
+% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/CMSLTT10 known{/CMSLTT10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 5000800 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
-/version (1.0) readonly def
-/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
+/FontName /CMSLTT10 def
+/FontBBox {-20 -233 617 696 }readonly def
+/UniqueID 5000800 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
+/version (003.002) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSLTT10.) readonly def
/FullName (CMSLTT10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -9.46 def
/isFixedPitch true def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
-/FontName /CMSLTT10 def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 39 /quoteright put
dup 120 /x put
dup 121 /y put
readonly def
-/FontBBox{-20 -233 617 696}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
+{restore}if
%%EndFont
%%BeginFont: CMTT9
-%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTT9 1.0
-%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:46:24
-% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTT9 003.002
+%%Title: CMTT9
+%Version: 003.002
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
+%%Creator: David M. Jones
+%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
+%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTT9.
+% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
+% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/CMTT9 known{/CMTT9 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 5000831 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
-/version (1.0) readonly def
-/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
+/FontName /CMTT9 def
+/FontBBox {-6 -233 542 698 }readonly def
+/UniqueID 5000831 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
+/version (003.002) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTT9.) readonly def
/FullName (CMTT9) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch true def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
-/FontName /CMTT9 def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 33 /exclam put
dup 125 /braceright put
dup 126 /asciitilde put
readonly def
-/FontBBox{-6 -233 542 698}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
+{restore}if
%%EndFont
%%BeginFont: CMR10
-%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMR10 1.00B
-%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:54:52
-% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMR10 003.002
+%%Title: CMR10
+%Version: 003.002
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
+%%Creator: David M. Jones
+%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
+%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMR10.
+% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
+% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/CMR10 known{/CMR10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 5000793 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
-/version (1.00B) readonly def
-/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
+/FontName /CMR10 def
+/FontBBox {-40 -250 1009 750 }readonly def
+/UniqueID 5000793 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
+/version (003.002) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMR10.) readonly def
/FullName (CMR10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
-/FontName /CMR10 def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 11 /ff put
dup 123 /endash put
dup 124 /emdash put
readonly def
-/FontBBox{-251 -250 1009 969}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
+{restore}if
%%EndFont
%%BeginFont: CMCSC10
-%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMCSC10 1.0
-%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 18 17:46:49
-% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMCSC10 003.002
+%%Title: CMCSC10
+%Version: 003.002
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
+%%Creator: David M. Jones
+%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
+%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMCSC10.
+% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
+% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/CMCSC10 known{/CMCSC10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 5087402 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
-/version (1.0) readonly def
-/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
+/FontName /CMCSC10 def
+/FontBBox {14 -250 1077 750 }readonly def
+/UniqueID 5087402 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
+/version (003.002) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMCSC10.) readonly def
/FullName (CMCSC10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
+/ascent 750 def
end readonly def
-/FontName /CMCSC10 def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 45 /hyphen put
dup 117 /u put
dup 120 /x put
readonly def
-/FontBBox{14 -250 1077 750}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
+{restore}if
%%EndFont
%%BeginFont: CMBX12
-%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMBX12 1.0
-%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 20 16:34:54
-% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMBX12 003.002
+%%Title: CMBX12
+%Version: 003.002
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
+%%Creator: David M. Jones
+%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
+%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMBX12.
+% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
+% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/CMBX12 known{/CMBX12 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 5000769 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
-/version (1.0) readonly def
-/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
+/FontName /CMBX12 def
+/FontBBox {-53 -251 1139 750 }readonly def
+/UniqueID 5000769 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
+/version (003.002) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMBX12.) readonly def
/FullName (CMBX12) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Bold) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch false def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
-/FontName /CMBX12 def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 11 /ff put
dup 120 /x put
dup 121 /y put
readonly def
-/FontBBox{-53 -251 1139 750}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
+{restore}if
%%EndFont
%%BeginFont: CMTI10
-%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTI10 1.00B
-%%CreationDate: 1992 Feb 19 19:56:16
-% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTI10 003.002
+%%Title: CMTI10
+%Version: 003.002
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
+%%Creator: David M. Jones
+%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
+%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTI10.
+% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
+% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/CMTI10 known{/CMTI10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 5000828 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
-/version (1.00B) readonly def
-/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
+/FontName /CMTI10 def
+/FontBBox {-35 -250 1124 750 }readonly def
+/UniqueID 5000828 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
+/version (003.002) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTI10.) readonly def
/FullName (CMTI10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
-/FontName /CMTI10 def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 12 /fi put
dup 118 /v put
dup 120 /x put
readonly def
-/FontBBox{-163 -250 1146 969}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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%%EndFont
%%BeginFont: CMMI10
-%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI10 1.100
-%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 23 07:53:57
-% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMMI10 003.002
+%%Title: CMMI10
+%Version: 003.002
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
+%%Creator: David M. Jones
+%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
+%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI10.
+% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
+% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/CMMI10 known{/CMMI10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 5087385 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
-/version (1.100) readonly def
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+/FontName /CMMI10 def
+/FontBBox {-32 -250 1048 750 }readonly def
+/UniqueID 5087385 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
+/version (003.002) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMMI10.) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
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end readonly def
-/FontName /CMMI10 def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
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readonly def
-/FontBBox{-32 -250 1048 750}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
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%%EndFont
%%BeginFont: CMMI12
-%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMMI12 1.100
-%%CreationDate: 1996 Jul 27 08:57:55
-% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMMI12 003.002
+%%Title: CMMI12
+%Version: 003.002
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
+%%Creator: David M. Jones
+%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
+%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMMI12.
+% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
+% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/CMMI12 known{/CMMI12 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 5087386 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
-/version (1.100) readonly def
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+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
+/FontName /CMMI12 def
+/FontBBox {-31 -250 1026 750 }readonly def
+/UniqueID 5087386 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
+/version (003.002) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMMI12.) readonly def
/FullName (CMMI12) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
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end readonly def
-/FontName /CMMI12 def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
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readonly def
-/FontBBox{-30 -250 1026 750}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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cleartomark
+{restore}if
%%EndFont
%%BeginFont: CMSY10
-%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMSY10 1.0
-%%CreationDate: 1991 Aug 15 07:20:57
-% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMSY10 003.002
+%%Title: CMSY10
+%Version: 003.002
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
+%%Creator: David M. Jones
+%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
+%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMSY10.
+% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
+% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/CMSY10 known{/CMSY10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 5096651 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
-/version (1.0) readonly def
-/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
+/FontName /CMSY10 def
+/FontBBox {-29 -960 1116 775 }readonly def
+/UniqueID 5096651 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
+/version (003.002) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSY10.) readonly def
/FullName (CMSY10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
-/ItalicAngle -14.035 def
+/ItalicAngle -14.04 def
/isFixedPitch false def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
-/FontName /CMSY10 def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 0 /minus put
dup 33 /arrowright put
dup 55 /mapsto put
readonly def
-/FontBBox{-29 -960 1116 775}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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+%%Creator: David M. Jones
+%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
+%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMSL10.
+% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
+% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/CMSL10 known{/CMSL10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 5000798 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
-/version (1.0) readonly def
-/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
+/FontName /CMSL10 def
+/FontBBox {-62 -250 1123 750 }readonly def
+/UniqueID 5000798 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
+/version (003.002) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMSL10.) readonly def
/FullName (CMSL10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle -9.46 def
/isFixedPitch false def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
-/FontName /CMSL10 def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 11 /ff put
dup 12 /fi put
dup 14 /ffi put
+dup 36 /dollar put
dup 45 /hyphen put
dup 49 /one put
dup 50 /two put
dup 85 /U put
dup 87 /W put
dup 88 /X put
-dup 91 /bracketleft put
+dup 89 /Y put
dup 97 /a put
dup 98 /b put
dup 99 /c put
dup 120 /x put
dup 121 /y put
readonly def
-/FontBBox{-62 -250 1123 750}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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%%EndFont
%%BeginFont: CMTT10
-%!PS-AdobeFont-1.1: CMTT10 1.00B
-%%CreationDate: 1992 Apr 26 10:42:42
-% Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved.
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: CMTT10 003.002
+%%Title: CMTT10
+%Version: 003.002
+%%CreationDate: Mon Jul 13 16:17:00 2009
+%%Creator: David M. Jones
+%Copyright: Copyright (c) 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society
+%Copyright: (<http://www.ams.org>), with Reserved Font Name CMTT10.
+% This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+% This license is in the accompanying file OFL.txt, and is also
+% available with a FAQ at: http://scripts.sil.org/OFL.
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/CMTT10 known{/CMTT10 findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 5000832 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
11 dict begin
-/FontInfo 7 dict dup begin
-/version (1.00B) readonly def
-/Notice (Copyright (C) 1997 American Mathematical Society. All Rights Reserved) readonly def
+/FontType 1 def
+/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 ]readonly def
+/FontName /CMTT10 def
+/FontBBox {-4 -233 537 696 }readonly def
+/UniqueID 5000832 def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
+/version (003.002) readonly def
+/Notice (Copyright \050c\051 1997, 2009 American Mathematical Society \050<http://www.ams.org>\051, with Reserved Font Name CMTT10.) readonly def
/FullName (CMTT10) readonly def
/FamilyName (Computer Modern) readonly def
/Weight (Medium) readonly def
/ItalicAngle 0 def
/isFixedPitch true def
+/UnderlinePosition -100 def
+/UnderlineThickness 50 def
end readonly def
-/FontName /CMTT10 def
-/PaintType 0 def
-/FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
/Encoding 256 array
0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
dup 33 /exclam put
dup 125 /braceright put
dup 126 /asciitilde put
readonly def
-/FontBBox{-4 -235 731 800}readonly def
currentdict end
currentfile eexec
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+TeXDict begin 166 171 bop eop end
%%Trailer
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
\entry{]]}{12}{\code {]]}}
\entry{{\tt \char 123}}{14}{\code {{\tt \char 123}}}
\entry{{\tt \char 125}}{14}{\code {{\tt \char 125}}}
-\entry{function}{15}{\code {function}}
+\entry{function}{16}{\code {function}}
\initial {F}
\entry {\code {fi}}{10}
\entry {\code {for}}{10}
-\entry {\code {function}}{15}
+\entry {\code {function}}{16}
\initial {I}
\entry {\code {if}}{10}
\entry {\code {in}}{11}
@end table
@noindent
-The @code{&&} and @code{||} operators do not evaluate @var{[Bexpression2} if the
+The @code{&&} and @code{||} operators do not evaluate @var{expression2} if the
value of @var{expression1} is sufficient to determine the return
value of the entire conditional expression.
@end table
This expansion modifies the case of alphabetic characters in @var{parameter}.
The @var{pattern} is expanded to produce a pattern just as in
filename expansion.
+Each character in the expanded value of @var{parameter} is tested against
+@var{pattern}, and, if it matches the pattern, its case is converted.
+The pattern should not attempt to match more than one character.
The @samp{^} operator converts lowercase letters matching @var{pattern}
to uppercase; the @samp{,} operator converts matching uppercase letters
to lowercase.
If @var{directory} is not supplied, the value of the @env{HOME}
shell variable is used.
Any additional arguments following @var{directory} are ignored.
-If the shell variable @env{CDPATH} exists, it is used as a search path.
+If the shell variable
+@env{CDPATH} exists, it is used as a search path:
+each directory name in @env{CDPATH} is searched for
+@var{directory}, with alternative directory names in @env{CDPATH}
+separated by a colon (@samp{:}).
If @var{directory} begins with a slash, @env{CDPATH} is not used.
-The @option{-P} option means to not follow symbolic links; symbolic
-links are followed by default or with the @option{-L} option.
+The @option{-P} option means to not follow symbolic links: symbolic links
+are resolved while @code{cd} is traversing @var{directory} and before
+processing an instance of @samp{..} in @var{directory}.
+
+By default, or when the @option{-L} option is supplied, symbolic links
+in @var{directory} are resolved after @code{cd} processes an instance
+of @samp{..} in @var{directory}.
+
+If @samp{..} appears in @var{directory}, it is processed by removing the
+immediately preceding pathname component, back to a slash or the beginning
+of @var{directory}.
+
If the @option{-e} option is supplied with @option{-P}
and the current working directory cannot be successfully determined
after a successful directory change, @code{cd} will return an unsuccessful
This option is on by default for interactive shells.
@item -P
-If set, do not follow symbolic links when performing commands such as
+If set, do not resolve symbolic links when performing commands such as
@code{cd} which change the current directory. The physical directory
is used instead. By default, Bash follows
the logical chain of directories when performing commands
@numsubsecentry{Compound Commands}{3.2.4}{Compound Commands}{9}
@numsubsubsecentry{Looping Constructs}{3.2.4.1}{Looping Constructs}{10}
@numsubsubsecentry{Conditional Constructs}{3.2.4.2}{Conditional Constructs}{10}
-@numsubsubsecentry{Grouping Commands}{3.2.4.3}{Command Grouping}{13}
-@numsubsecentry{Coprocesses}{3.2.5}{Coprocesses}{14}
-@numsubsecentry{GNU Parallel}{3.2.6}{GNU Parallel}{14}
-@numsecentry{Shell Functions}{3.3}{Shell Functions}{15}
-@numsecentry{Shell Parameters}{3.4}{Shell Parameters}{17}
+@numsubsubsecentry{Grouping Commands}{3.2.4.3}{Command Grouping}{14}
+@numsubsecentry{Coprocesses}{3.2.5}{Coprocesses}{15}
+@numsubsecentry{GNU Parallel}{3.2.6}{GNU Parallel}{15}
+@numsecentry{Shell Functions}{3.3}{Shell Functions}{16}
+@numsecentry{Shell Parameters}{3.4}{Shell Parameters}{18}
@numsubsecentry{Positional Parameters}{3.4.1}{Positional Parameters}{18}
-@numsubsecentry{Special Parameters}{3.4.2}{Special Parameters}{18}
-@numsecentry{Shell Expansions}{3.5}{Shell Expansions}{19}
-@numsubsecentry{Brace Expansion}{3.5.1}{Brace Expansion}{19}
-@numsubsecentry{Tilde Expansion}{3.5.2}{Tilde Expansion}{20}
-@numsubsecentry{Shell Parameter Expansion}{3.5.3}{Shell Parameter Expansion}{21}
-@numsubsecentry{Command Substitution}{3.5.4}{Command Substitution}{24}
-@numsubsecentry{Arithmetic Expansion}{3.5.5}{Arithmetic Expansion}{24}
+@numsubsecentry{Special Parameters}{3.4.2}{Special Parameters}{19}
+@numsecentry{Shell Expansions}{3.5}{Shell Expansions}{20}
+@numsubsecentry{Brace Expansion}{3.5.1}{Brace Expansion}{20}
+@numsubsecentry{Tilde Expansion}{3.5.2}{Tilde Expansion}{21}
+@numsubsecentry{Shell Parameter Expansion}{3.5.3}{Shell Parameter Expansion}{22}
+@numsubsecentry{Command Substitution}{3.5.4}{Command Substitution}{25}
+@numsubsecentry{Arithmetic Expansion}{3.5.5}{Arithmetic Expansion}{25}
@numsubsecentry{Process Substitution}{3.5.6}{Process Substitution}{25}
-@numsubsecentry{Word Splitting}{3.5.7}{Word Splitting}{25}
-@numsubsecentry{Filename Expansion}{3.5.8}{Filename Expansion}{25}
-@numsubsubsecentry{Pattern Matching}{3.5.8.1}{Pattern Matching}{26}
-@numsubsecentry{Quote Removal}{3.5.9}{Quote Removal}{27}
-@numsecentry{Redirections}{3.6}{Redirections}{27}
-@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Input}{3.6.1}{}{28}
+@numsubsecentry{Word Splitting}{3.5.7}{Word Splitting}{26}
+@numsubsecentry{Filename Expansion}{3.5.8}{Filename Expansion}{26}
+@numsubsubsecentry{Pattern Matching}{3.5.8.1}{Pattern Matching}{27}
+@numsubsecentry{Quote Removal}{3.5.9}{Quote Removal}{28}
+@numsecentry{Redirections}{3.6}{Redirections}{28}
+@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Input}{3.6.1}{}{29}
@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Output}{3.6.2}{}{29}
-@numsubsecentry{Appending Redirected Output}{3.6.3}{}{29}
-@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.4}{}{29}
-@numsubsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.5}{}{29}
+@numsubsecentry{Appending Redirected Output}{3.6.3}{}{30}
+@numsubsecentry{Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.4}{}{30}
+@numsubsecentry{Appending Standard Output and Standard Error}{3.6.5}{}{30}
@numsubsecentry{Here Documents}{3.6.6}{}{30}
-@numsubsecentry{Here Strings}{3.6.7}{}{30}
-@numsubsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3.6.8}{}{30}
+@numsubsecentry{Here Strings}{3.6.7}{}{31}
+@numsubsecentry{Duplicating File Descriptors}{3.6.8}{}{31}
@numsubsecentry{Moving File Descriptors}{3.6.9}{}{31}
-@numsubsecentry{Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing}{3.6.10}{}{31}
-@numsecentry{Executing Commands}{3.7}{Executing Commands}{31}
-@numsubsecentry{Simple Command Expansion}{3.7.1}{Simple Command Expansion}{31}
+@numsubsecentry{Opening File Descriptors for Reading and Writing}{3.6.10}{}{32}
+@numsecentry{Executing Commands}{3.7}{Executing Commands}{32}
+@numsubsecentry{Simple Command Expansion}{3.7.1}{Simple Command Expansion}{32}
@numsubsecentry{Command Search and Execution}{3.7.2}{Command Search and Execution}{32}
-@numsubsecentry{Command Execution Environment}{3.7.3}{Command Execution Environment}{32}
-@numsubsecentry{Environment}{3.7.4}{Environment}{33}
-@numsubsecentry{Exit Status}{3.7.5}{Exit Status}{34}
-@numsubsecentry{Signals}{3.7.6}{Signals}{34}
-@numsecentry{Shell Scripts}{3.8}{Shell Scripts}{35}
+@numsubsecentry{Command Execution Environment}{3.7.3}{Command Execution Environment}{33}
+@numsubsecentry{Environment}{3.7.4}{Environment}{34}
+@numsubsecentry{Exit Status}{3.7.5}{Exit Status}{35}
+@numsubsecentry{Signals}{3.7.6}{Signals}{35}
+@numsecentry{Shell Scripts}{3.8}{Shell Scripts}{36}
@numchapentry{Shell Builtin Commands}{4}{Shell Builtin Commands}{37}
@numsecentry{Bourne Shell Builtins}{4.1}{Bourne Shell Builtins}{37}
@numsecentry{Bash Builtin Commands}{4.2}{Bash Builtins}{44}
@numsecentry{Readline vi Mode}{8.5}{Readline vi Mode}{119}
@numsecentry{Programmable Completion}{8.6}{Programmable Completion}{119}
@numsecentry{Programmable Completion Builtins}{8.7}{Programmable Completion Builtins}{121}
-@numchapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{Using History Interactively}{127}
-@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{127}
-@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{127}
-@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{129}
-@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{130}
-@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{130}
-@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{131}
-@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{133}
-@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{133}
-@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{134}
-@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{134}
-@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{134}
-@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{134}
-@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{135}
-@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{135}
-@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{135}
-@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{141}
-@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{143}
-@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{147}
-@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{149}
-@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{157}
-@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{157}
-@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{158}
-@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{158}
-@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{160}
-@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{162}
+@numsecentry{A Programmable Completion Example}{8.8}{A Programmable Completion Example}{125}
+@numchapentry{Using History Interactively}{9}{Using History Interactively}{129}
+@numsecentry{Bash History Facilities}{9.1}{Bash History Facilities}{129}
+@numsecentry{Bash History Builtins}{9.2}{Bash History Builtins}{129}
+@numsecentry{History Expansion}{9.3}{History Interaction}{131}
+@numsubsecentry{Event Designators}{9.3.1}{Event Designators}{132}
+@numsubsecentry{Word Designators}{9.3.2}{Word Designators}{132}
+@numsubsecentry{Modifiers}{9.3.3}{Modifiers}{133}
+@numchapentry{Installing Bash}{10}{Installing Bash}{135}
+@numsecentry{Basic Installation}{10.1}{Basic Installation}{135}
+@numsecentry{Compilers and Options}{10.2}{Compilers and Options}{136}
+@numsecentry{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{10.3}{Compiling For Multiple Architectures}{136}
+@numsecentry{Installation Names}{10.4}{Installation Names}{136}
+@numsecentry{Specifying the System Type}{10.5}{Specifying the System Type}{136}
+@numsecentry{Sharing Defaults}{10.6}{Sharing Defaults}{137}
+@numsecentry{Operation Controls}{10.7}{Operation Controls}{137}
+@numsecentry{Optional Features}{10.8}{Optional Features}{137}
+@appentry{Reporting Bugs}{A}{Reporting Bugs}{143}
+@appentry{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{B}{Major Differences From The Bourne Shell}{145}
+@appsecentry{Implementation Differences From The SVR4.2 Shell}{B.1}{}{149}
+@appentry{GNU Free Documentation License}{C}{GNU Free Documentation License}{151}
+@appentry{Indexes}{D}{Indexes}{159}
+@appsecentry{Index of Shell Builtin Commands}{D.1}{Builtin Index}{159}
+@appsecentry{Index of Shell Reserved Words}{D.2}{Reserved Word Index}{160}
+@appsecentry{Parameter and Variable Index}{D.3}{Variable Index}{160}
+@appsecentry{Function Index}{D.4}{Function Index}{162}
+@appsecentry{Concept Index}{D.5}{Concept Index}{164}
\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{7}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
\entry{TEXTDOMAIN}{7}{\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}
\entry{TEXTDOMAINDIR}{7}{\code {TEXTDOMAINDIR}}
-\entry{*}{18}{\code {*}}
-\entry{@}{18}{\code {@}}
-\entry{#}{18}{\code {#}}
-\entry{?}{18}{\code {?}}
-\entry{-}{18}{\code {-}}
-\entry{$}{18}{\code {$}}
-\entry{!}{18}{\code {!}}
-\entry{0}{18}{\code {0}}
+\entry{*}{19}{\code {*}}
+\entry{@}{19}{\code {@}}
+\entry{#}{19}{\code {#}}
+\entry{?}{19}{\code {?}}
+\entry{-}{19}{\code {-}}
+\entry{$}{19}{\code {$}}
+\entry{!}{19}{\code {!}}
+\entry{0}{19}{\code {0}}
\entry{_}{19}{\code {_}}
\entry{CDPATH}{65}{\code {CDPATH}}
\entry{HOME}{65}{\code {HOME}}
\entry{INPUTRC}{71}{\code {INPUTRC}}
\entry{LANG}{71}{\code {LANG}}
\entry{LC_ALL}{71}{\code {LC_ALL}}
-\entry{LC_COLLATE}{71}{\code {LC_COLLATE}}
+\entry{LC_COLLATE}{72}{\code {LC_COLLATE}}
\entry{LC_CTYPE}{72}{\code {LC_CTYPE}}
\entry{LC_MESSAGES}{72}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}}
\entry{LC_NUMERIC}{72}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}}
\entry{OSTYPE}{72}{\code {OSTYPE}}
\entry{PIPESTATUS}{72}{\code {PIPESTATUS}}
\entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{72}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}
-\entry{PPID}{72}{\code {PPID}}
-\entry{PROMPT_COMMAND}{72}{\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}
+\entry{PPID}{73}{\code {PPID}}
+\entry{PROMPT_COMMAND}{73}{\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}
\entry{PROMPT_DIRTRIM}{73}{\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}
\entry{PS3}{73}{\code {PS3}}
\entry{PS4}{73}{\code {PS4}}
\entry{SHELL}{73}{\code {SHELL}}
\entry{SHELLOPTS}{73}{\code {SHELLOPTS}}
\entry{SHLVL}{73}{\code {SHLVL}}
-\entry{TIMEFORMAT}{73}{\code {TIMEFORMAT}}
+\entry{TIMEFORMAT}{74}{\code {TIMEFORMAT}}
\entry{TMOUT}{74}{\code {TMOUT}}
\entry{TMPDIR}{74}{\code {TMPDIR}}
\entry{UID}{74}{\code {UID}}
\initial {!}
-\entry {\code {!}}{18}
+\entry {\code {!}}{19}
\initial {#}
-\entry {\code {#}}{18}
+\entry {\code {#}}{19}
\initial {$}
-\entry {\code {$}}{18}
+\entry {\code {$}}{19}
\initial {*}
-\entry {\code {*}}{18}
+\entry {\code {*}}{19}
\initial {-}
-\entry {\code {-}}{18}
+\entry {\code {-}}{19}
\initial {?}
-\entry {\code {?}}{18}
+\entry {\code {?}}{19}
\initial {@}
-\entry {\code {@}}{18}
+\entry {\code {@}}{19}
\initial {_}
\entry {\code {_}}{19}
\initial {0}
-\entry {\code {0}}{18}
+\entry {\code {0}}{19}
\initial {A}
\entry {\code {auto_resume}}{96}
\initial {B}
\initial {L}
\entry {\code {LANG}}{71}
\entry {\code {LC_ALL}}{71}
-\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE}}{71}
+\entry {\code {LC_COLLATE}}{72}
\entry {\code {LC_CTYPE}}{72}
\entry {\code {LC_MESSAGES}}{7, 72}
\entry {\code {LC_NUMERIC}}{72}
\entry {\code {PATH}}{65}
\entry {\code {PIPESTATUS}}{72}
\entry {\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}}{72}
-\entry {\code {PPID}}{72}
-\entry {\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}{72}
+\entry {\code {PPID}}{73}
+\entry {\code {PROMPT_COMMAND}}{73}
\entry {\code {PROMPT_DIRTRIM}}{73}
\entry {\code {PS1}}{65}
\entry {\code {PS2}}{65}
\initial {T}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAIN}}{7}
\entry {\code {TEXTDOMAINDIR}}{7}
-\entry {\code {TIMEFORMAT}}{73}
+\entry {\code {TIMEFORMAT}}{74}
\entry {\code {TMOUT}}{74}
\entry {\code {TMPDIR}}{74}
\initial {U}
enabled, any specified _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc was not found or was started
without job control.
- b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\blp\bps\bsv\bvP\bPS\bSV\bV]
+ b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-l\blp\bps\bsv\bvP\bPS\bSV\bVX\bX]
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] [-\b-q\bq _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-r\br _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq]
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] -\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
b\bbi\bin\bnd\bd [-\b-m\bm _\bk_\be_\by_\bm_\ba_\bp] -\b-x\bx _\bk_\be_\by_\bs_\be_\bq:_\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl_\b-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd
command changes the value of R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE or R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bD-\b-
L\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE_\b_P\bPO\bOI\bIN\bNT\bT, those new values will be reflected in the
editing state.
+ -\b-X\bX List all key sequences bound to shell commands and the
+ associated commands in a format that can be reused as
+ input.
The return value is 0 unless an unrecognized option is given or
an error occurred.
the call stack.
c\bcd\bd [-\b-L\bL|[-\b-P\bP [-\b-e\be]]] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE is the
- default _\bd_\bi_\br. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH defines the search path for
- the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative directory names in
- C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null directory name in
- C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory, i.e., ``.\b.''. If
- _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not used. The -\b-P\bP
- option says to use the physical directory structure instead of
- following symbolic links (see also the -\b-P\bP option to the s\bse\bet\bt
- builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links to be fol-
- lowed. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied with -\b-P\bP, and the current
- working directory cannot be successfully determined after a suc-
- cessful directory change, c\bcd\bd will return an unsuccessful status.
- An argument of -\b- is converted to $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before the directory
- change is attempted. If a non-empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- is used, or if -\b- is the first argument, and the directory change
- is successful, the absolute pathname of the new working direc-
- tory is written to the standard output. The return value is
- true if the directory was successfully changed; false otherwise.
+ Change the current directory to _\bd_\bi_\br. if _\bd_\bi_\br is not supplied,
+ the value of the H\bHO\bOM\bME\bE shell variable is the default. Any addi-
+ tional arguments following _\bd_\bi_\br are ignored. The variable C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
+ defines the search path for the directory containing _\bd_\bi_\br: each
+ directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is searched for _\bd_\bi_\br. Alternative
+ directory names in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH are separated by a colon (:). A null
+ directory name in C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is the same as the current directory,
+ i.e., ``.\b.''. If _\bd_\bi_\br begins with a slash (/), then C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is not
+ used. The -\b-P\bP option causes c\bcd\bd to use the physical directory
+ structure by resolving symbolic links while traversing _\bd_\bi_\br and
+ before processing instances of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br (see also the -\b-P\bP option
+ to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command); the -\b-L\bL option forces symbolic links
+ to be followed by resolving the link after processing instances
+ of _\b._\b. in _\bd_\bi_\br. If _\b._\b. appears in _\bd_\bi_\br, it is processed by removing
+ the immediately previous pathname component from _\bd_\bi_\br, back to a
+ slash or the beginning of _\bd_\bi_\br. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied
+ with -\b-P\bP, and the current working directory cannot be success-
+ fully determined after a successful directory change, c\bcd\bd will
+ return an unsuccessful status. An argument of -\b- is converted to
+ $\b$O\bOL\bLD\bDP\bPW\bWD\bD before the directory change is attempted. If a non-
+ empty directory name from C\bCD\bDP\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH is used, or if -\b- is the first
+ argument, and the directory change is successful, the absolute
+ pathname of the new working directory is written to the standard
+ output. The return value is true if the directory was success-
+ fully changed; false otherwise.
c\bco\bom\bmm\bma\ban\bnd\bd [-\b-p\bpV\bVv\bv] _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Run _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd with _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs suppressing the normal shell function
names, quoting special characters, or suppress-
ing trailing spaces). Intended to be used with
shell functions.
+ n\bno\boq\bqu\buo\bot\bte\be Tell readline not to quote the completed words
+ if they are filenames (quoting filenames is the
+ default).
n\bno\bos\bsp\bpa\bac\bce\be Tell readline not to append a space (the
default) to words completed at the end of the
line.
output is used as the possible completions.
-\b-F\bF _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
The shell function _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn is executed in the current
- shell environment. When it finishes, the possible com-
- pletions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY
- array variable.
+ shell environment. When the function is executed, the
+ first argument ($\b$1\b1) is the name of the command whose
+ arguments are being completed, the second argument ($\b$2\b2)
+ is the word being completed, and the third argument ($\b$3\b3)
+ is the word preceding the word being completed on the
+ current command line. When it finishes, the possible
+ completions are retrieved from the value of the C\bCO\bOM\bMP\bPR\bRE\bE-\b-
+ P\bPL\bLY\bY array variable.
-\b-G\bG _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt
- The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
+ The pathname expansion pattern _\bg_\bl_\bo_\bb_\bp_\ba_\bt is expanded to
generate the possible completions.
-\b-P\bP _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx
- _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
+ _\bp_\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bx is added at the beginning of each possible com-
pletion after all other options have been applied.
-\b-S\bS _\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx
_\bs_\bu_\bf_\bf_\bi_\bx is appended to each possible completion after all
other options have been applied.
-\b-W\bW _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt
- The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
- special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
- is expanded. The possible completions are the members
- of the resultant list which match the word being com-
+ The _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt is split using the characters in the I\bIF\bFS\bS
+ special variable as delimiters, and each resultant word
+ is expanded. The possible completions are the members
+ of the resultant list which match the word being com-
pleted.
-\b-X\bX _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt
- _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
+ _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is a pattern as used for pathname expansion.
It is applied to the list of possible completions gener-
- ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
- completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
- A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
- case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
-
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
- an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
+ ated by the preceding options and arguments, and each
+ completion matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed from the list.
+ A leading !\b! in _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt negates the pattern; in this
+ case, any completion not matching _\bf_\bi_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bp_\ba_\bt is removed.
+
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ an option other than -\b-p\bp or -\b-r\br is supplied without a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ment, an attempt is made to remove a completion specification
for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no specification exists, or an error occurs
adding a completion specification.
c\bco\bom\bmp\bpo\bop\bpt\bt [-\b-o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [-\b-D\bDE\bE] [+\b+o\bo _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Modify completion options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be according to the
- _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
- are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
- options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
- values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
- described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
+ _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns, or for the currently-executing completion if no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes
+ are supplied. If no _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bns are given, display the completion
+ options for each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be or the current completion. The possible
+ values of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn are those valid for the c\bco\bom\bmp\bpl\ble\bet\bte\be builtin
+ described above. The -\b-D\bD option indicates that the remaining
options should apply to the ``default'' command completion; that
- is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
- has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
- remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
+ is, completion attempted on a command for which no completion
+ has previously been defined. The -\b-E\bE option indicates that the
+ remaining options should apply to ``empty'' command completion;
that is, completion attempted on a blank line.
- The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
+ The return value is true unless an invalid option is supplied,
an attempt is made to modify the options for a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be for which no
completion specification exists, or an output error occurs.
c\bco\bon\bnt\bti\bin\bnu\bue\be [_\bn]
Resume the next iteration of the enclosing f\bfo\bor\br, w\bwh\bhi\bil\ble\be, u\bun\bnt\bti\bil\bl, or
- s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
- loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
- enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
+ s\bse\bel\ble\bec\bct\bt loop. If _\bn is specified, resume at the _\bnth enclosing
+ loop. _\bn must be >= 1. If _\bn is greater than the number of
+ enclosing loops, the last enclosing loop (the ``top-level''
loop) is resumed. The return value is 0 unless _\bn is not greater
than or equal to 1.
d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bfF\bFg\bgi\bil\blr\brt\btu\bux\bx] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
- given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
+ Declare variables and/or give them attributes. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes are
+ given then display the values of variables. The -\b-p\bp option will
display the attributes and values of each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. When -\b-p\bp is used
with _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, additional options are ignored. When -\b-p\bp is
- supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
- and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
- the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
- -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
- variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
+ supplied without _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments, it will display the attributes
+ and values of all variables having the attributes specified by
+ the additional options. If no other options are supplied with
+ -\b-p\bp, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be will display the attributes and values of all shell
+ variables. The -\b-f\bf option will restrict the display to shell
functions. The -\b-F\bF option inhibits the display of function defi-
- nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
- the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
+ nitions; only the function name and attributes are printed. If
+ the e\bex\bxt\btd\bde\beb\bbu\bug\bg shell option is enabled using s\bsh\bho\bop\bpt\bt, the source
file name and line number where the function is defined are dis-
played as well. The -\b-F\bF option implies -\b-f\bf. The -\b-g\bg option forces
- variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
- when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
- all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
- output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
+ variables to be created or modified at the global scope, even
+ when d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be is executed in a shell function. It is ignored in
+ all other cases. The following options can be used to restrict
+ output to variables with the specified attribute or to give
variables attributes:
- -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-a\ba Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an indexed array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
- -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ -\b-A\bA Each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is an associative array variable (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
above).
-\b-f\bf Use function names only.
-\b-i\bi The variable is treated as an integer; arithmetic evalua-
- tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
+ tion (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bHM\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above) is performed when
the variable is assigned a value.
- -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
- characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
+ -\b-l\bl When the variable is assigned a value, all upper-case
+ characters are converted to lower-case. The upper-case
attribute is disabled.
-\b-r\br Make _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes readonly. These names cannot then be assigned
values by subsequent assignment statements or unset.
- -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
- inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
- shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
+ -\b-t\bt Give each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be the _\bt_\br_\ba_\bc_\be attribute. Traced functions
+ inherit the D\bDE\bEB\bBU\bUG\bG and R\bRE\bET\bTU\bUR\bRN\bN traps from the calling
+ shell. The trace attribute has no special meaning for
variables.
- -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
- characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
+ -\b-u\bu When the variable is assigned a value, all lower-case
+ characters are converted to upper-case. The lower-case
attribute is disabled.
- -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
+ -\b-x\bx Mark _\bn_\ba_\bm_\bes for export to subsequent commands via the
environment.
- Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
+ Using `+' instead of `-' turns off the attribute instead, with
the exceptions that +\b+a\ba may not be used to destroy an array vari-
- able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
+ able and +\b+r\br will not remove the readonly attribute. When used
in a function, d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be and t\bty\byp\bpe\bes\bse\bet\bt make each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be local, as with
the l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl command, unless the -\b-g\bg option is supplied. If a vari-
- able name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable is
+ able name is followed by =_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be, the value of the variable is
set to _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is
- encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using ``-f
- foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly
+ encountered, an attempt is made to define a function using ``-f
+ foo=bar'', an attempt is made to assign a value to a readonly
variable, an attempt is made to assign a value to an array vari-
- able without using the compound assignment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
- above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, an
+ able without using the compound assignment syntax (see A\bAr\brr\bra\bay\bys\bs
+ above), one of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, an
attempt is made to turn off readonly status for a readonly vari-
- able, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array
- variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent func-
+ able, an attempt is made to turn off array status for an array
+ variable, or an attempt is made to display a non-existent func-
tion with -\b-f\bf.
d\bdi\bir\brs\bs [\b[-\b-c\bcl\blp\bpv\bv]\b] [\b[+\b+_\bn]\b] [\b[-\b-_\bn]\b]
- Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
- directories. The default display is on a single line with
- directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
- the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
+ Without options, displays the list of currently remembered
+ directories. The default display is on a single line with
+ directory names separated by spaces. Directories are added to
+ the list with the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command; the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command removes
entries from the list.
-\b-c\bc Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the
entries.
- -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
+ -\b-l\bl Produces a listing using full pathnames; the default
listing format uses a tilde to denote the home directory.
-\b-p\bp Print the directory stack with one entry per line.
- -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
+ -\b-v\bv Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre-
fixing each entry with its index in the stack.
+\b+_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting with
zero.
- -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
+ -\b-_\bn Displays the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the
list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs when invoked without options, starting
with zero.
- The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
+ The return value is 0 unless an invalid option is supplied or _\bn
indexes beyond the end of the directory stack.
d\bdi\bis\bso\bow\bwn\bn [-\b-a\bar\br] [-\b-h\bh] [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc ...]
- Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
- jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br is sup-
+ Without options, remove each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc from the table of active
+ jobs. If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, and neither -\b-a\ba nor -\b-r\br is sup-
plied, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If the -\b-h\bh
option is given, each _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not removed from the table, but
- is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell
+ is marked so that S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP is not sent to the job if the shell
receives a S\bSI\bIG\bGH\bHU\bUP\bP. If no _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is present, and neither the -\b-a\ba
- nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If no
- _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means to remove or mark all
- jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts opera-
- tion to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
+ nor the -\b-r\br option is supplied, the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb is used. If no
+ _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied, the -\b-a\ba option means to remove or mark all
+ jobs; the -\b-r\br option without a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc argument restricts opera-
+ tion to running jobs. The return value is 0 unless a _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc
does not specify a valid job.
e\bec\bch\bho\bo [-\b-n\bne\beE\bE] [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
- The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
+ Output the _\ba_\br_\bgs, separated by spaces, followed by a newline.
+ The return status is 0 unless a write error occurs. If -\b-n\bn is
specified, the trailing newline is suppressed. If the -\b-e\be option
- is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
- characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
- tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
- interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
- to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these
- escape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to
- mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape
+ is given, interpretation of the following backslash-escaped
+ characters is enabled. The -\b-E\bE option disables the interpreta-
+ tion of these escape characters, even on systems where they are
+ interpreted by default. The x\bxp\bpg\bg_\b_e\bec\bch\bho\bo shell option may be used
+ to dynamically determine whether or not e\bec\bch\bho\bo expands these
+ escape characters by default. e\bec\bch\bho\bo does not interpret -\b--\b- to
+ mean the end of options. e\bec\bch\bho\bo interprets the following escape
sequences:
\\b\a\ba alert (bell)
\\b\b\bb backspace
\\b\t\bt horizontal tab
\\b\v\bv vertical tab
\\b\\\b\ backslash
- \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
+ \\b\0\b0_\bn_\bn_\bn the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value
_\bn_\bn_\bn (zero to three octal digits)
- \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
+ \\b\x\bx_\bH_\bH the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal
value _\bH_\bH (one or two hex digits)
- \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ \\b\u\bu_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to four hex digits)
\\b\U\bU_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH
- the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
+ the Unicode (ISO/IEC 10646) character whose value is the
hexadecimal value _\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH_\bH (one to eight hex digits)
e\ben\bna\bab\bbl\ble\be [-\b-a\ba] [-\b-d\bdn\bnp\bps\bs] [-\b-f\bf _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
+ Enable and disable builtin shell commands. Disabling a builtin
allows a disk command which has the same name as a shell builtin
- to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
- the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
- If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
+ to be executed without specifying a full pathname, even though
+ the shell normally searches for builtins before disk commands.
+ If -\b-n\bn is used, each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is disabled; otherwise, _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are
enabled. For example, to use the t\bte\bes\bst\bt binary found via the P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH
- instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
- The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
+ instead of the shell builtin version, run ``enable -n test''.
+ The -\b-f\bf option means to load the new builtin command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be from
shared object _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, on systems that support dynamic loading.
- The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
+ The -\b-d\bd option will delete a builtin previously loaded with -\b-f\bf.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are given, or if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied,
a list of shell builtins is printed. With no other option argu-
- ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
- is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
- plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
- tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
- output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
- value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
+ ments, the list consists of all enabled shell builtins. If -\b-n\bn
+ is supplied, only disabled builtins are printed. If -\b-a\ba is sup-
+ plied, the list printed includes all builtins, with an indica-
+ tion of whether or not each is enabled. If -\b-s\bs is supplied, the
+ output is restricted to the POSIX _\bs_\bp_\be_\bc_\bi_\ba_\bl builtins. The return
+ value is 0 unless a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not a shell builtin or there is an
error loading a new builtin from a shared object.
e\bev\bva\bal\bl [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
- The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
- mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
- its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
+ The _\ba_\br_\bgs are read and concatenated together into a single com-
+ mand. This command is then read and executed by the shell, and
+ its exit status is returned as the value of e\bev\bva\bal\bl. If there are
no _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, or only null arguments, e\bev\bva\bal\bl returns 0.
e\bex\bxe\bec\bc [-\b-c\bcl\bl] [-\b-a\ba _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]]
- If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
- is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
+ If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is specified, it replaces the shell. No new process
+ is created. The _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs become the arguments to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. If
the -\b-l\bl option is supplied, the shell places a dash at the begin-
- ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
+ ning of the zeroth argument passed to _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd. This is what
_\bl_\bo_\bg_\bi_\bn(1) does. The -\b-c\bc option causes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd to be executed with
- an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
+ an empty environment. If -\b-a\ba is supplied, the shell passes _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
as the zeroth argument to the executed command. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd can-
- not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
- unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
- returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
+ not be executed for some reason, a non-interactive shell exits,
+ unless the e\bex\bxe\bec\bcf\bfa\bai\bil\bl shell option is enabled. In that case, it
+ returns failure. An interactive shell returns failure if the
file cannot be executed. If _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is not specified, any redi-
rections take effect in the current shell, and the return status
- is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
+ is 0. If there is a redirection error, the return status is 1.
e\bex\bxi\bit\bt [_\bn]
- Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
+ Cause the shell to exit with a status of _\bn. If _\bn is omitted,
the exit status is that of the last command executed. A trap on
E\bEX\bXI\bIT\bT is executed before the shell terminates.
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt [-\b-f\bfn\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd]] ...
e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt -\b-p\bp
- The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
- ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
- given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
- if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
- variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
+ The supplied _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked for automatic export to the envi-
+ ronment of subsequently executed commands. If the -\b-f\bf option is
+ given, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs refer to functions. If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are given, or
+ if the -\b-p\bp option is supplied, a list of names of all exported
+ variables is printed. The -\b-n\bn option causes the export property
to be removed from each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If a variable name is followed by
=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd, the value of the variable is set to _\bw_\bo_\br_\bd. e\bex\bxp\bpo\bor\brt\bt returns
an exit status of 0 unless an invalid option is encountered, one
- of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
+ of the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs is not a valid shell variable name, or -\b-f\bf is sup-
plied with a _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be that is not a function.
f\bfc\bc [-\b-e\be _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-l\bln\bnr\br] [_\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt] [_\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt]
f\bfc\bc -\b-s\bs [_\bp_\ba_\bt=_\br_\be_\bp] [_\bc_\bm_\bd]
- The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
- from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
- them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
- the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
- index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
- an offset from the current command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not
- specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that
- ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt other-
- wise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified it is set to the previous com-
+ The first form selects a range of commands from _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt to _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt
+ from the history list and displays or edits and re-executes
+ them. _\bF_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt and _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt may be specified as a string (to locate
+ the last command beginning with that string) or as a number (an
+ index into the history list, where a negative number is used as
+ an offset from the current command number). If _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt is not
+ specified it is set to the current command for listing (so that
+ ``fc -l -10'' prints the last 10 commands) and to _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt other-
+ wise. If _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt is not specified it is set to the previous com-
mand for editing and -16 for listing.
- The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
- -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
- is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
- wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
- those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
- variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
- If neither variable is set, is used. When editing is complete,
+ The -\b-n\bn option suppresses the command numbers when listing. The
+ -\b-r\br option reverses the order of the commands. If the -\b-l\bl option
+ is given, the commands are listed on standard output. Other-
+ wise, the editor given by _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is invoked on a file containing
+ those commands. If _\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not given, the value of the F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT
+ variable is used, and the value of E\bED\bDI\bIT\bTO\bOR\bR if F\bFC\bCE\bED\bDI\bIT\bT is not set.
+ If neither variable is set, is used. When editing is complete,
the edited commands are echoed and executed.
- In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
- of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is intepreted the same as
- _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
- so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
+ In the second form, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is re-executed after each instance
+ of _\bp_\ba_\bt is replaced by _\br_\be_\bp. _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is intepreted the same as
+ _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt above. A useful alias to use with this is ``r="fc -s"'',
+ so that typing ``r cc'' runs the last command beginning with
``cc'' and typing ``r'' re-executes the last command.
- If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
- invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
- lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
+ If the first form is used, the return value is 0 unless an
+ invalid option is encountered or _\bf_\bi_\br_\bs_\bt or _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt specify history
+ lines out of range. If the -\b-e\be option is supplied, the return
value is the value of the last command executed or failure if an
error occurs with the temporary file of commands. If the second
- form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
- cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
+ form is used, the return status is that of the command re-exe-
+ cuted, unless _\bc_\bm_\bd does not specify a valid history line, in
which case f\bfc\bc returns failure.
f\bfg\bg [_\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc]
- Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
+ Resume _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc in the foreground, and make it the current job.
If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not present, the shell's notion of the _\bc_\bu_\br_\br_\be_\bn_\bt _\bj_\bo_\bb
- is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
- the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
+ is used. The return value is that of the command placed into
+ the foreground, or failure if run when job control is disabled
or, when run with job control enabled, if _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc does not spec-
- ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
+ ify a valid job or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc specifies a job that was started
without job control.
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bs]
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
- ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
- nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
- expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
- by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
- be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
- places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is used by shell procedures to parse positional parame-
+ ters. _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg contains the option characters to be recog-
+ nized; if a character is followed by a colon, the option is
+ expected to have an argument, which should be separated from it
+ by white space. The colon and question mark characters may not
+ be used as option characters. Each time it is invoked, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs
+ places the next option in the shell variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, initializing
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be if it does not exist, and the index of the next argument to
be processed into the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is initialized to
- 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
- option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
- the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
- cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
+ 1 each time the shell or a shell script is invoked. When an
+ option requires an argument, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places that argument into
+ the variable O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. The shell does not reset O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD automati-
+ cally; it must be manually reset between multiple calls to
g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs within the same shell invocation if a new set of parame-
ters is to be used.
- When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
- return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
+ When the end of options is encountered, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs exits with a
+ return value greater than zero. O\bOP\bPT\bTI\bIN\bND\bD is set to the index of
the first non-option argument, and _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is set to ?.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs normally parses the positional parameters, but if more
arguments are given in _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs parses those instead.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
- of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
- normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
- options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
- variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs can report errors in two ways. If the first character
+ of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is a colon, _\bs_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\bt error reporting is used. In
+ normal operation, diagnostic messages are printed when invalid
+ options or missing option arguments are encountered. If the
+ variable O\bOP\bPT\bTE\bER\bRR\bR is set to 0, no error messages will be dis-
played, even if the first character of _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg is not a colon.
If an invalid option is seen, g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs places ? into _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and, if
- not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
+ not silent, prints an error message and unsets O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG. If
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, the option character found is placed in
O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG and no diagnostic message is printed.
- If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
- a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
- diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
- colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
+ If a required argument is not found, and g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is not silent,
+ a question mark (?\b?) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is unset, and a
+ diagnostic message is printed. If g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs is silent, then a
+ colon (:\b:) is placed in _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be and O\bOP\bPT\bTA\bAR\bRG\bG is set to the option
character found.
- g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
+ g\bge\bet\bto\bop\bpt\bts\bs returns true if an option, specified or unspecified, is
found. It returns false if the end of options is encountered or
an error occurs.
h\bha\bas\bsh\bh [-\b-l\blr\br] [-\b-p\bp _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bdt\bt] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be]
Each time h\bha\bas\bsh\bh is invoked, the full pathname of the command _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
+ is determined by searching the directories in $\b$P\bPA\bAT\bTH\bH and remem-
bered. Any previously-remembered pathname is discarded. If the
-\b-p\bp option is supplied, no path search is performed, and _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
- is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
- causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
- option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
- each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
- which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
- ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
- hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
+ is used as the full filename of the command. The -\b-r\br option
+ causes the shell to forget all remembered locations. The -\b-d\bd
+ option causes the shell to forget the remembered location of
+ each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If the -\b-t\bt option is supplied, the full pathname to
+ which each _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be corresponds is printed. If multiple _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be argu-
+ ments are supplied with -\b-t\bt, the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is printed before the
+ hashed full pathname. The -\b-l\bl option causes output to be dis-
played in a format that may be reused as input. If no arguments
- are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
- bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
+ are given, or if only -\b-l\bl is supplied, information about remem-
+ bered commands is printed. The return status is true unless a
_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is not found or an invalid option is supplied.
h\bhe\bel\blp\bp [-\b-d\bdm\bms\bs] [_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn]
- Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
- is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
- _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
+ Display helpful information about builtin commands. If _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
+ is specified, h\bhe\bel\blp\bp gives detailed help on all commands matching
+ _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn; otherwise help for all the builtins and shell control
structures is printed.
-\b-d\bd Display a short description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn
-\b-m\bm Display the description of each _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn in a manpage-like
h\bhi\bis\bst\bto\bor\bry\by -\b-s\bs _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg _\b._\b._\b.]
With no options, display the command history list with line num-
bers. Lines listed with a *\b* have been modified. An argument of
- _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
- F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
- _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
- played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
- the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
- supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
- the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
+ _\bn lists only the last _\bn lines. If the shell variable H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bE-\b-
+ F\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT is set and not null, it is used as a format string for
+ _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3) to display the time stamp associated with each dis-
+ played history entry. No intervening blank is printed between
+ the formatted time stamp and the history line. If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is
+ supplied, it is used as the name of the history file; if not,
+ the value of H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is used. Options, if supplied, have the
following meanings:
-\b-c\bc Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.
-\b-d\bd _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt
Delete the history entry at position _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt.
- -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
- since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
+ -\b-a\ba Append the ``new'' history lines (history lines entered
+ since the beginning of the current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session) to the
history file.
- -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
- file into the current history list. These are lines
- appended to the history file since the beginning of the
+ -\b-n\bn Read the history lines not already read from the history
+ file into the current history list. These are lines
+ appended to the history file since the beginning of the
current b\bba\bas\bsh\bh session.
- -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
+ -\b-r\br Read the contents of the history file and append them to
the current history list.
-\b-w\bw Write the current history list to the history file, over-
writing the history file's contents.
- -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
- display the result on the standard output. Does not
- store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
+ -\b-p\bp Perform history substitution on the following _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs and
+ display the result on the standard output. Does not
+ store the results in the history list. Each _\ba_\br_\bg must be
quoted to disable normal history expansion.
- -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
- The last command in the history list is removed before
+ -\b-s\bs Store the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs in the history list as a single entry.
+ The last command in the history list is removed before
the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs are added.
- If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
- tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
- tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
- history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
- character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
+ If the H\bHI\bIS\bST\bTT\bTI\bIM\bME\bEF\bFO\bOR\bRM\bMA\bAT\bT variable is set, the time stamp informa-
+ tion associated with each history entry is written to the his-
+ tory file, marked with the history comment character. When the
+ history file is read, lines beginning with the history comment
+ character followed immediately by a digit are interpreted as
timestamps for the previous history line. The return value is 0
- unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
- reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
+ unless an invalid option is encountered, an error occurs while
+ reading or writing the history file, an invalid _\bo_\bf_\bf_\bs_\be_\bt is sup-
plied as an argument to -\b-d\bd, or the history expansion supplied as
an argument to -\b-p\bp fails.
The first form lists the active jobs. The options have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-l\bl List process IDs in addition to the normal information.
- -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
- status since the user was last notified of their status.
- -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
+ -\b-n\bn Display information only about jobs that have changed
+ status since the user was last notified of their status.
+ -\b-p\bp List only the process ID of the job's process group
leader.
-\b-r\br Display only running jobs.
-\b-s\bs Display only stopped jobs.
- If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
- that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
+ If _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is given, output is restricted to information about
+ that job. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option is
encountered or an invalid _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is supplied.
If the -\b-x\bx option is supplied, j\bjo\bob\bbs\bs replaces any _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc found in
- _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
+ _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd or _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs with the corresponding process group ID, and
executes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd passing it _\ba_\br_\bg_\bs, returning its exit status.
k\bki\bil\bll\bl [-\b-s\bs _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | -\b-n\bn _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm | -\b-_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] [_\bp_\bi_\bd | _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc] ...
k\bki\bil\bll\bl -\b-l\bl [_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc | _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs]
- Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
- named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
- signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
- a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
- present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
- signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
- the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
+ Send the signal named by _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc or _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm to the processes
+ named by _\bp_\bi_\bd or _\bj_\bo_\bb_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc. _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is either a case-insensitive
+ signal name such as S\bSI\bIG\bGK\bKI\bIL\bLL\bL (with or without the S\bSI\bIG\bG prefix) or
+ a signal number; _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn_\bu_\bm is a signal number. If _\bs_\bi_\bg_\bs_\bp_\be_\bc is not
+ present, then S\bSI\bIG\bGT\bTE\bER\bRM\bM is assumed. An argument of -\b-l\bl lists the
+ signal names. If any arguments are supplied when -\b-l\bl is given,
+ the names of the signals corresponding to the arguments are
listed, and the return status is 0. The _\be_\bx_\bi_\bt_\b__\bs_\bt_\ba_\bt_\bu_\bs argument to
- -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
- status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
- if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
+ -\b-l\bl is a number specifying either a signal number or the exit
+ status of a process terminated by a signal. k\bki\bil\bll\bl returns true
+ if at least one signal was successfully sent, or false if an
error occurs or an invalid option is encountered.
l\ble\bet\bt _\ba_\br_\bg [_\ba_\br_\bg ...]
Each _\ba_\br_\bg is an arithmetic expression to be evaluated (see A\bAR\bRI\bIT\bTH\bH-\b-
- M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
+ M\bME\bET\bTI\bIC\bC E\bEV\bVA\bAL\bLU\bUA\bAT\bTI\bIO\bON\bN above). If the last _\ba_\br_\bg evaluates to 0, l\ble\bet\bt
returns 1; 0 is returned otherwise.
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl [_\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be] ...]
- For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
- assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
+ For each argument, a local variable named _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is created, and
+ assigned _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be. The _\bo_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn can be any of the options accepted
by d\bde\bec\bcl\bla\bar\bre\be. When l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used within a function, it causes the
- variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
+ variable _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be to have a visible scope restricted to that func-
tion and its children. With no operands, l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl writes a list of
- local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
+ local variables to the standard output. It is an error to use
l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl when not within a function. The return status is 0 unless
- l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
+ l\blo\boc\bca\bal\bl is used outside a function, an invalid _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is supplied,
or _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be is a readonly variable.
l\blo\bog\bgo\bou\but\bt Exit a login shell.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
[-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bda\bar\brr\bra\bay\by [-\b-n\bn _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-O\bO _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn] [-\b-s\bs _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt] [-\b-t\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [-\b-C\bC _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk]
[-\b-c\bc _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm] [_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by]
- Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
- able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
- plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
+ Read lines from the standard input into the indexed array vari-
+ able _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by, or from file descriptor _\bf_\bd if the -\b-u\bu option is sup-
+ plied. The variable M\bMA\bAP\bPF\bFI\bIL\bLE\bE is the default _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by. Options, if
supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
+ -\b-n\bn Copy at most _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines. If _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt is 0, all lines are
copied.
- -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
+ -\b-O\bO Begin assigning to _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by at index _\bo_\br_\bi_\bg_\bi_\bn. The default
index is 0.
-\b-s\bs Discard the first _\bc_\bo_\bu_\bn_\bt lines read.
-\b-t\bt Remove a trailing newline from each line read.
- -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
+ -\b-u\bu Read lines from file descriptor _\bf_\bd instead of the stan-
dard input.
- -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
+ -\b-C\bC Evaluate _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk each time _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm lines are read. The
-\b-c\bc option specifies _\bq_\bu_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bu_\bm.
- -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
+ -\b-c\bc Specify the number of lines read between each call to
_\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk.
- If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
+ If -\b-C\bC is specified without -\b-c\bc, the default quantum is 5000.
When _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated, it is supplied the index of the next
array element to be assigned and the line to be assigned to that
- element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
+ element as additional arguments. _\bc_\ba_\bl_\bl_\bb_\ba_\bc_\bk is evaluated after
the line is read but before the array element is assigned.
- If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
+ If not supplied with an explicit origin, m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be will clear
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by before assigning to it.
- m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
- argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
+ m\bma\bap\bpf\bfi\bil\ble\be returns successfully unless an invalid option or option
+ argument is supplied, _\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is invalid or unassignable, or if
_\ba_\br_\br_\ba_\by is not an indexed array.
p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd [-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
- Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
- removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
+ Removes entries from the directory stack. With no arguments,
+ removes the top directory from the stack, and performs a c\bcd\bd to
the new top directory. Arguments, if supplied, have the follow-
ing meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
- directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when removing
+ directories from the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ +\b+_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the left of the list
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+0'' removes the first directory, ``popd +1'' the second.
-\b-_\bn Removes the _\bnth entry counting from the right of the list
- shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
- -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
+ shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with zero. For example: ``popd
+ -0'' removes the last directory, ``popd -1'' the next to
last.
- If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
- and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
+ If the p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well,
+ and the return status is 0. p\bpo\bop\bpd\bd returns false if an invalid
option is encountered, the directory stack is empty, a non-exis-
tent directory stack entry is specified, or the directory change
fails.
p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf [-\b-v\bv _\bv_\ba_\br] _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt [_\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs]
- Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
- control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
- assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
+ Write the formatted _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs to the standard output under the
+ control of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt. The -\b-v\bv option causes the output to be
+ assigned to the variable _\bv_\ba_\br rather than being printed to the
standard output.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
- objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
- output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
- copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
- of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is a character string which contains three types of
+ objects: plain characters, which are simply copied to standard
+ output, character escape sequences, which are converted and
+ copied to the standard output, and format specifications, each
+ of which causes printing of the next successive _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt. In
addition to the standard _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf(1) format specifications, p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf
interprets the following extensions:
%\b%b\bb causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to expand backslash escape sequences in the
corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt (except that \\b\c\bc terminates output,
- backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal
+ backslashes in \\b\'\b', \\b\"\b", and \\b\?\b? are not removed, and octal
escapes beginning with \\b\0\b0 may contain up to four digits).
- %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
+ %\b%q\bq causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt in a
format that can be reused as shell input.
%\b%(\b(_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt)\b)T\bT
- causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
- from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
+ causes p\bpr\bri\bin\bnt\btf\bf to output the date-time string resulting
+ from using _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be_\bf_\bm_\bt as a format string for _\bs_\bt_\br_\bf_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be(3).
The corresponding _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt is an integer representing the
- number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
- values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
+ number of seconds since the epoch. Two special argument
+ values may be used: -1 represents the current time, and
-2 represents the time the shell was invoked.
- Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
+ Arguments to non-string format specifiers are treated as C con-
stants, except that a leading plus or minus sign is allowed, and
- if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
+ if the leading character is a single or double quote, the value
is the ASCII value of the following character.
- The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
+ The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt is reused as necessary to consume all of the _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\b-
_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs. If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt requires more _\ba_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs than are supplied,
- the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
- null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
+ the extra format specifications behave as if a zero value or
+ null string, as appropriate, had been supplied. The return
value is zero on success, non-zero on failure.
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [+_\bn] [-_\bn]
p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd [-\b-n\bn] [_\bd_\bi_\br]
- Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
- the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
+ Adds a directory to the top of the directory stack, or rotates
+ the stack, making the new top of the stack the current working
directory. With no arguments, exchanges the top two directories
- and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
+ and returns 0, unless the directory stack is empty. Arguments,
if supplied, have the following meanings:
- -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
- directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
+ -\b-n\bn Suppresses the normal change of directory when adding
+ directories to the stack, so that only the stack is
manipulated.
- +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ +\b+_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the left of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
- -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
- from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
+ -\b-_\bn Rotates the stack so that the _\bnth directory (counting
+ from the right of the list shown by d\bdi\bir\brs\bs, starting with
zero) is at the top.
_\bd_\bi_\br Adds _\bd_\bi_\br to the directory stack at the top, making it the
- new current working directory as if it had been supplied
+ new current working directory as if it had been supplied
as the argument to the c\bcd\bd builtin.
If the p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd command is successful, a d\bdi\bir\brs\bs is performed as well.
- If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
- fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
- tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
- specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
+ If the first form is used, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the cd to _\bd_\bi_\br
+ fails. With the second form, p\bpu\bus\bsh\bhd\bd returns 0 unless the direc-
+ tory stack is empty, a non-existent directory stack element is
+ specified, or the directory change to the specified new current
directory fails.
p\bpw\bwd\bd [-\b-L\bLP\bP]
- Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
+ Print the absolute pathname of the current working directory.
The pathname printed contains no symbolic links if the -\b-P\bP option
is supplied or the -\b-o\bo p\bph\bhy\bys\bsi\bic\bca\bal\bl option to the s\bse\bet\bt builtin command
- is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
- contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
- occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
+ is enabled. If the -\b-L\bL option is used, the pathname printed may
+ contain symbolic links. The return status is 0 unless an error
+ occurs while reading the name of the current directory or an
invalid option is supplied.
r\bre\bea\bad\bd [-\b-e\ber\brs\bs] [-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be] [-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm] [-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt] [-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs] [-\b-p\bp
_\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt] [-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt] [-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be ...]
- One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
- descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
+ One line is read from the standard input, or from the file
+ descriptor _\bf_\bd supplied as an argument to the -\b-u\bu option, and the
first word is assigned to the first _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, the second word to the
- second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
- ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
+ second _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be, and so on, with leftover words and their interven-
+ ing separators assigned to the last _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be. If there are fewer
words read from the input stream than names, the remaining names
- are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
- split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
- used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
- and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
+ are assigned empty values. The characters in I\bIF\bFS\bS are used to
+ split the line into words. The backslash character (\\b\) may be
+ used to remove any special meaning for the next character read
+ and for line continuation. Options, if supplied, have the fol-
lowing meanings:
-\b-a\ba _\ba_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be
The words are assigned to sequential indices of the array
new values are assigned. Other _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be arguments are
ignored.
-\b-d\bd _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm
- The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
+ The first character of _\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bm is used to terminate the
input line, rather than newline.
-\b-e\be If the standard input is coming from a terminal, r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be
- (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
- line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
+ (see R\bRE\bEA\bAD\bDL\bLI\bIN\bNE\bE above) is used to obtain the line. Read-
+ line uses the current (or default, if line editing was
not previously active) editing settings.
-\b-i\bi _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
- If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
+ If r\bre\bea\bad\bdl\bli\bin\bne\be is being used to read the line, _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt is
placed into the editing buffer before editing begins.
-\b-n\bn _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
- waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
- iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters rather than
+ waiting for a complete line of input, but honor a delim-
+ iter if fewer than _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters are read before the
delimiter.
-\b-N\bN _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs
- r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
- rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
- EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
- ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
- and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns after reading exactly _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
+ rather than waiting for a complete line of input, unless
+ EOF is encountered or r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out. Delimiter charac-
+ ters encountered in the input are not treated specially
+ and do not cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to return until _\bn_\bc_\bh_\ba_\br_\bs characters
are read.
-\b-p\bp _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt
Display _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt on standard error, without a trailing new-
line, before attempting to read any input. The prompt is
displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.
-\b-r\br Backslash does not act as an escape character. The back-
- slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
- lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
+ slash is considered to be part of the line. In particu-
+ lar, a backslash-newline pair may not be used as a line
continuation.
-\b-s\bs Silent mode. If input is coming from a terminal, charac-
ters are not echoed.
-\b-t\bt _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt
- Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
- line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
- _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
- following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
- tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
- other special file; it has no effect when reading from
- regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns immedi-
- ately, without trying to read any data. The exit statis
+ Cause r\bre\bea\bad\bd to time out and return failure if a complete
+ line of input is not read within _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt seconds. _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\b-
+ _\bo_\bu_\bt may be a decimal number with a fractional portion
+ following the decimal point. This option is only effec-
+ tive if r\bre\bea\bad\bd is reading input from a terminal, pipe, or
+ other special file; it has no effect when reading from
+ regular files. If _\bt_\bi_\bm_\be_\bo_\bu_\bt is 0, r\bre\bea\bad\bd returns immedi-
+ ately, without trying to read any data. The exit statis
is 0 if input is available on the specified file descrip-
tor, non-zero otherwise. The exit status is greater than
128 if the timeout is exceeded.
-\b-u\bu _\bf_\bd Read input from file descriptor _\bf_\bd.
If no _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are supplied, the line read is assigned to the vari-
- able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
- encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
- greater than 128), or an invalid file descriptor is supplied as
- the argument to -\b-u\bu.
+ able R\bRE\bEP\bPL\bLY\bY. The return code is zero, unless end-of-file is
+ encountered, r\bre\bea\bad\bd times out (in which case the return code is
+ greater than 128), a variable assignment error (such as assign-
+ ing to a readonly variable) occurs, or an invalid file descrip-
+ tor is supplied as the argument to -\b-u\bu.
r\bre\bea\bad\bdo\bon\bnl\bly\by [-\b-a\baA\bAf\bf] [-\b-p\bp] [_\bn_\ba_\bm_\be[=_\bw_\bo_\br_\bd] ...]
The given _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs are marked readonly; the values of these _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be_\bs
ited in such cases.
-\b-H\bH Enable !\b! style history substitution. This option is on
by default when the shell is interactive.
- -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not follow symbolic links when
+ -\b-P\bP If set, the shell does not resolve symbolic links when
executing commands such as c\bcd\bd that change the current
working directory. It uses the physical directory
structure instead. By default, b\bba\bas\bsh\bh follows the logical
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Mon Oct 24 08:43:45 2011
+%%CreationDate: Thu Dec 29 15:02:57 2011
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%+ font Times-Italic
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+(alues will be re\215ected in the editing state.)-2.75 E F2<ad58>144 372
+Q F0 .829(List all k)23.08 F 1.129 -.15(ey s)-.1 H .829
+(equences bound to shell commands and the associated commands in a for)
+.15 F(-)-.2 E(mat that can be reused as input.)180 384 Q(The return v)
+144 400.8 Q(alue is 0 unless an unrecognized option is gi)-.25 E -.15
(ve)-.25 G 2.5(no).15 G 2.5(ra)-2.5 G 2.5(ne)-2.5 G(rror occurred.)-2.5
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-(Exit from within a)144 405.6 R F2 -.25(fo)2.554 G(r).25 E F0(,)A F2
-(while)2.554 E F0(,)A F2(until)2.555 E F0 2.555(,o)C(r)-2.555 E F2
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+-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.601(df).15 G .101(rom the v)-2.601 F .101(alue of the)
+-.25 F/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMPREPL)184 192 Q(Y)-.828 E F0(array v)2.25
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+(The pathname e)184 216 R 1.007(xpansion pattern)-.15 F F2(globpat)3.507
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+184 252 Q(e\214x)-.37 E F0 .535(is added at the be)3.035 F .534
(ginning of each possible completion after all other options ha)-.15 F
--.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 144 Q F1<ad53>144 156 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
+-.15(ve)-.2 G(been applied.)184 264 Q F1<ad53>144 276 Q F2(suf)2.5 E
2.81(\214x suf)-.18 F<8c78>-.18 E F0
(is appended to each possible completion after all other options ha)2.5
-E .3 -.15(ve b)-.2 H(een applied.).15 E F1<ad57>144 168 Q F2(wor)2.5 E
-(dlist)-.37 E F0(The)184 180 Q F2(wor)3.64 E(dlist)-.37 E F0 1.14
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--.1 E F1<ad58>144 216 Q F2(\214lterpat)2.5 E(\214lterpat)184 228 Q F0
-.456(is a pattern as used for pathname e)2.956 F 2.956(xpansion. It)-.15
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-(rom the list.)-3.205 F 3.204(Al)5.704 G(eading)-3.204 E F1(!)3.204 E F0
-(in)3.204 E F2(\214lterpat)3.204 E F0(ne)3.204 E -.05(ga)-.15 G .704
-(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 264 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
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+(tes the pattern;).05 F(in this case, an)184 384 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
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--.15(ve)-.15 G(d.).15 E .466(The return v)144 280.8 R .466
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(alue is true unless an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G .466
-(lid option is supplied, an option other than).25 F F1<ad70>2.967 E F0
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-(plied without a)144 292.8 R F2(name)3.862 E F0(ar)3.862 E 1.361
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-1.361(ompletion speci\214cation for a).15 F F2(name)144 304.8 Q F0
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321.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
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441.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1<ad6f>A F2(option)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C
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5.724 F .724(alues of)-.25 F F2(option)3.224 E F0 .724(are those v)3.224
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-2.798 G .298(iltin described abo).2 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 5.297(.T).15 G(he)
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(option indicates that the remaining options should apply to)2.797 F
-1.227(the `)144 381.6 R(`def)-.74 E(ault')-.1 E 3.727('c)-.74 G 1.228(o\
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-(viously been de\214ned.)-.25 F(The)7.178 E F1<ad45>4.678 E F0 2.177
-(option indicates that the remaining options)4.677 F(should apply to `)
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--.25(va)-.4 G 1.388
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(lid option is supplied, an attempt is made to modify the).25 F
-(options for a)144 441.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
+(options for a)144 561.6 Q F2(name)2.5 E F0
(for which no completion speci\214cation e)2.5 E
-(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 458.4 Q F0([)
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+(xists, or an output error occurs.)-.15 E F1(continue)108 578.4 Q F0([)
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(xt iteration of the enclosing)-.15 F F1 -.25(fo)4.254 G(r).25 E F0(,)A
F1(while)4.254 E F0(,)A F1(until)4.254 E F0 4.254(,o)C(r)-4.254 E F1
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1.209(th enclosing loop.)B F2(n)6.569 E F0 1.209(must be)3.949 F/F4 10
/Symbol SF<b3>3.709 E F0 3.709(1. If)3.709 F F2(n)4.069 E F0 1.209
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-(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 494.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(l').15 E 3.014('l)-.74 G .514(oop\) is resumed.)-3.014 F .513
-(The return v)5.513 F .513(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.013 E F0(is)
-3.013 E(not greater than or equal to 1.)144 506.4 Q F1(declar)108 523.2
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+(loops, the last enclosing loop \(the `)144 614.4 R(`top-le)-.74 E -.15
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+(The return v)5.514 F .514(alue is 0 unless)-.25 F F2(n)3.014 E F0(is)
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Q(e)-.18 E F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0
2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A F2(value)A F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E F1
-(typeset)108 535.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
+(typeset)108 655.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F1(\255aAfFgilrtux)A F0 2.5(][)C F1
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-G 3.765(nt).15 G 1.265(hen display the v)-3.765 F 1.265(alues of)-.25 F
--.25(va)144 559.2 S 3.483(riables. The).25 F F1<ad70>3.483 E F0 .983
-(option will display the attrib)3.483 F .983(utes and v)-.2 F .982
-(alues of each)-.25 F F2(name)3.482 E F0 5.982(.W).18 G(hen)-5.982 E F1
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-(When)6.079 E F1<ad70>3.579 E F0 1.079(is supplied without)3.579 F F2
-(name)3.58 E F0(ar)3.58 E(gu-)-.18 E .151
-(ments, it will display the attrib)144 583.2 R .151(utes and v)-.2 F
-.151(alues of all v)-.25 F .15(ariables ha)-.25 F .15(ving the attrib)
--.2 F .15(utes speci\214ed by the)-.2 F .046(additional options.)144
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-E F0(,)A F1(declar)2.547 E(e)-.18 E F0 .047(will display the attrib)
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-(lues of all shell v).25 F 3.863(ariables. The)-.25 F F1<ad66>3.863 E F0
-1.362(option will restrict the display to shell functions.)3.863 F(The)
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+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E 2.422(optio\
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+(where the function is de\214ned are displayed as well.)144 108 R(The)
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+(shell function.)144 132 R .125(It is ignored in all other cases.)5.125
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+(wing options can be used to restrict output)-.25 F(to v)144 144 Q
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+(Each)25.3 E/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(name)2.5 E F0(is an inde)2.5 E -.15
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(ariable is treated as an inte)-.25 F .558(ger; arithmetic e)-.15 F -.25
-(va)-.25 G .558(luation \(see).25 F/F2 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .557
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+(ARITHMETIC EV)3.058 F(ALU)-1.215 E(A-)-.54 E(TION)180 204 Q F0(abo)2.25
E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(\)i).15 G 2.5(sp)-2.5 G(erformed when the v)-2.5 E
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(When the v)27.52 F .909(ariable is assigned a v)-.25 F .909
(alue, all upper)-.25 F .909(-case characters are con)-.2 F -.15(ve)-.4
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--.1 E F0(and)2.93 E F1(RETURN)2.93 E F0(traps from the calling shell.)
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-(ute is disabled.)-.2 E F1<ad78>144 204 Q F0(Mark)25.3 E F3(name)2.5 E
-F0 2.5(sf)C(or e)-2.5 E(xport to subsequent commands via the en)-.15 E
-(vironment.)-.4 E .12(Using `+' instead of `\255' turns of)144 220.8 R
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-.121(xceptions that)-.15 F F1(+a)2.621 E F0 .121(may not be used)2.621 F
-.645(to destro)144 232.8 R 3.145(ya)-.1 G 3.145(na)-3.145 G .645(rray v)
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-3.145 F .945 -.15(ve t)-.15 H .645(he readonly attrib).15 F 3.144
-(ute. When)-.2 F .644(used in a func-)3.144 F(tion,)144 244.8 Q F1
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(thout options, displays the list of currently remembered directories.)
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(Clears the directory stack by deleting all of the entries.)25.86 E F1
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-417.6 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad70>144 429.6 Q F0
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-441.6 Q F0 .272(Print the directory stack with one entry per line, pre\
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-(Displays the)25.3 F F3(n)4.065 E F0 1.565
-(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B 1.564(wn by)-.25 F F1
-(dirs)4.064 E F0 1.564(when in)4.064 F -.2(vo)-.4 G -.1(ke).2 G(d).1 E
-(without options, starting with zero.)180 477.6 Q F1<ad>144 489.6 Q F3
-(n)A F0 1.194(Displays the)25.3 F F3(n)3.694 E F0 1.194
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-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E
-(interprets the follo)144 84 Q(wing escape sequences:)-.25 E/F1 10
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-F0(backspace)27.66 E F1(\\c)144 120 Q F0(suppress further output)28.78 E
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-(ine)-2.5 E F1(\\r)144 180 Q F0(carriage return)28.78 E F1(\\t)144 192 Q
-F0(horizontal tab)29.89 E F1(\\v)144 204 Q F0 -.15(ve)28.22 G
-(rtical tab).15 E F1(\\\\)144 216 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F1(\\0)144 228
-Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(nnn)A F0(the eight-bit character whose v)13.22
-E(alue is the octal v)-.25 E(alue)-.25 E F2(nnn)2.5 E F0
-(\(zero to three octal digits\))2.5 E F1(\\x)144 240 Q F2(HH)A F0
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+(error occurs.)144 124.8 R(If)5.307 E F2<ad6e>2.807 E F0 .307
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+(rtical tab).15 E F2(\\\\)144 316.8 Q F0(backslash)30.44 E F2(\\0)144
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(the eight-bit character whose v)13.78 E(alue is the he)-.25 E
-(xadecimal v)-.15 E(alue)-.25 E F2(HH)2.5 E F0(\(one or tw)2.5 E 2.5(oh)
--.1 G .3 -.15(ex d)-2.5 H(igits\)).15 E F1(\\u)144 252 Q F2(HHHH)A F0
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-(alue is the he)-.25 F 1.507(xadecimal v)-.15 F(alue)-.25 E F2(HHHH)
-4.007 E F0(\(one to four he)180 276 Q 2.5(xd)-.15 G(igits\))-2.5 E F1
-(\\U)144 288 Q F2(HHHHHHHH)A F0 .548
-(the Unicode \(ISO/IEC 10646\) character whose v)180 300 R .547
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1<ad72>2.522 E F0 .022(option re)2.522 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .022
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-(as started without job control.)-.1 F F1(getopts)108 578.4 Q F2
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-(ignal name such as).15 F F3(SIGKILL)2.818 E F0 .319
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1.349(is a signal number)4.169 F 6.349(.I)-.55 G(f)-6.349 E F2(sigspec)
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-F
1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523
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3<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(lists the signal names.)3.023 F .523(If an)5.523
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-F
1<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names)
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+F
3<ad6c>3.023 E F0 .523(is gi)3.023 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .523(n, the names)
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(guments are listed, and the return status is 0.)-.18 F(The)5.28 E F2
--.2(ex)2.78 G(it_status).2 E F0(ar)144 588 Q .377(gument to)-.18 F F1
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<ad6c>2.877 E F0 .378
(is a number specifying either a signal number or the e)2.877 F .378
-(xit status of a process termi-)-.15 F .594(nated by a signal.)144 600 R
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-(occurs or an in)144 612 Q -.25(va)-.4 G(lid option is encountered.).25
-E F1(let)108 628.8 Q F2(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0([)2.5 E F2(ar)A(g)-.37 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Each)144 640.8 Q F2(ar)3.026 E(g)-.37 E F0 .196
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-(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1(callbac)
-2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F1
-(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A F2 -.18(re)108 129.6 S(adarray).18 E F0([)
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-E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad73>-2.5 E F1(count)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad74>-2.5 E
-F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad75>-2.5 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad43>-2.5 E F1
-(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0 2.5(][)C F2<ad63>-2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0
-2.5(][)C F1(arr)-2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0(])A .35
-(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 141.6 R -.15(xe)
--.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F1(arr)2.851 E
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+(writes a list of local v)3.664 F 1.165
+(ariables to the standard output.)-.25 F 1.165(It is an error to use)
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+(Read lines from the standard input into the inde)144 213.6 R -.15(xe)
+-.15 G 2.851(da).15 G .351(rray v)-2.851 F(ariable)-.25 E F2(arr)2.851 E
(ay)-.15 E F0 2.851(,o).32 G 2.851(rf)-2.851 G .351
-(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F1(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 153.6
-R F
2<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249
+(rom \214le descriptor)-2.851 F F2(fd)2.851 E F0 1.249(if the)144 225.6
+R F
1<ad75>3.749 E F0 1.249(option is supplied.)3.749 F 1.249(The v)6.249
F(ariable)-.25 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(MAPFILE)3.749 E F0 1.249
-(is the def)3.499 F(ault)-.1 E F1(arr)3.748 E(ay)-.15 E F0 6.248(.O)C
-1.248(ptions, if supplied,)-6.248 F(ha)144 165.6 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H
-(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)-.25 E F2<ad6e>144 177.6 Q F0(Cop)24.74 E
-2.5(ya)-.1 G 2.5(tm)-2.5 G(ost)-2.5 E F1(count)2.7 E F0 2.5(lines. If)
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1(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F2<ad4f>144
-189.6 Q F0(Be)22.52 E(gin assigning to)-.15 E F1(arr)2.83 E(ay)-.15 E F0
-(at inde)2.82 E(x)-.15 E F1(origin)2.5 E F0 5(.T).24 G(he def)-5 E
-(ault inde)-.1 E 2.5(xi)-.15 G 2.5(s0)-2.5 G(.)-2.5 E F2<ad73>144 201.6
-Q F0(Discard the \214rst)26.41 E F1(count)2.5 E F0(lines read.)2.5 E F2
-<ad74>144 213.6 Q F0(Remo)26.97 E .3 -.15(ve a t)-.15 H(railing ne).15 E
-(wline from each line read.)-.25 E F2<ad75>144 225.6 Q F0
-(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F1(fd)2.5 E F0
-(instead of the standard input.)2.5 E F2<ad43>144 237.6 Q F0(Ev)23.08 E
-(aluate)-.25 E F1(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F1(quantum)
-2.5 E F0(lines are read.)2.5 E(The)5 E F
2<ad63>2.5 E F0
-(option speci\214es)2.5 E F1(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F2<ad63>144 249.6
-Q F0(Specify the number of lines read between each call to)25.86 E F1
-(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144
266.4 Q F2<ad43>2.967 E F0 .467
-(is speci\214ed without)2.967 F F
2<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
-(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F1
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2(count)2.5 E F0(is 0, all lines are copied.)2.5 E F1<ad4f>144
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+(Read lines from \214le descriptor)24.74 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0
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+(aluate)-.25 E F2(callbac)2.7 E(k)-.2 E F0(each time)3.17 E F2(quantum)
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1<ad63>2.5 E F0
+(option speci\214es)2.5 E F2(quantum)2.5 E F0(.).32 E F1<ad63>144 321.6
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+(callbac)2.5 E(k)-.2 E F0(.).67 E(If)144
338.4 Q F1<ad43>2.967 E F0 .467
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1<ad63>2.967 E F0 2.967(,t)C .467
+(he def)-2.967 F .467(ault quantum is 5000.)-.1 F(When)5.467 E F2
(callbac)2.967 E(k)-.2 E F0 .467(is e)2.967 F -.25(va)-.25 G .467
-(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 278.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15
+(luated, it is sup-).25 F .262(plied the inde)144 350.4 R 2.762(xo)-.15
G 2.762(ft)-2.762 G .262(he ne)-2.762 F .261(xt array element to be ass\
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-(as additional ar)144 290.4 R(guments.)-.18 E F1(callbac)5.274 E(k)-.2 E
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F0 .274(is e)2.774 F -.25(va)-.25 G .274
(luated after the line is read b).25 F .275
-(ut before the array element is)-.2 F(assigned.)144 302.4 Q
-(If not supplied with an e)144 319.2 Q(xplicit origin,)-.15 E F2
-(map\214le)2.5 E F0(will clear)2.5 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
-(before assigning to it.)2.5 E F2(map\214le)144 336 Q F0 1.906
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(returns successfully unless an in)4.406 F -.25(va)-.4 G 1.905
-(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F1(arr)
-4.405 E(ay)-.15 E F0(is)4.405 E(in)144 348 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
-(lid or unassignable, or if).25 E F1(arr)2.5 E(ay)-.15 E F0
+(lid option or option ar).25 F 1.905(gument is supplied,)-.18 F F2(arr)
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(is not an inde)2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G 2.5(da).15 G(rray)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E
-F2(popd)108 364.8 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F2(n)A F0 2.5(][)C(+)-2.5 E F1(n)A F0
-2.5(][)C<ad>-2.5 E F1(n)A F0(])A(Remo)144 376.8 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799
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(se).15 G .299(ntries from the directory stack.)-2.799 F -.4(Wi)5.299 G
.299(th no ar).4 F .299(guments, remo)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.799(st).15
G .3(he top directory from the)-2.799 F 1.479(stack, and performs a)144
-388.8 R F2(cd)3.979 E F0 1.479(to the ne)3.979 F 3.979(wt)-.25 G 1.479
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(op directory)-3.979 F 6.479(.A)-.65 G -.18(rg)-6.479 G 1.478
(uments, if supplied, ha).18 F 1.778 -.15(ve t)-.2 H 1.478(he follo).15
-F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 400.8 Q F2<ad6e>144 412.8 Q F0 .551
+F(wing)-.25 E(meanings:)144 472.8 Q F1<ad6e>144 484.8 Q F0 .551
(Suppresses the normal change of directory when remo)24.74 F .551
(ving directories from the stack, so)-.15 F
-(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 424.8 Q F2(+)144 436.8 Q F1(n)A
-F0(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.64(st).15 G(he)-2.64 E F1(n)2.64 E F0
+(that only the stack is manipulated.)180 496.8 Q F1(+)144 508.8 Q F2(n)A
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.14(th entry counting from the left of the list sho)B .14(wn by)-.25 F
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(remo)2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(st).15 G(he \214rst directory)-2.5 E(,)
--.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F2<ad>144 460.8 Q F1(n)A F0
-(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F1(n)3.759 E F0
+-.65 E F4(popd +1)2.5 E F0(the second.)2.5 E F1<ad>144 532.8 Q F2(n)A F0
+(Remo)25.3 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.759(st).15 G(he)-3.759 E F2(n)3.759 E F0
1.259(th entry counting from the right of the list sho)B 1.26(wn by)-.25
-F F2(dirs)3.76 E F0 3.76(,s)C 1.26(tarting with)-3.76 F 2.5(zero. F)180
-472.8 R(or e)-.15 E(xample:)-.15 E F4(popd -0)2.5 E F0(remo)2.5 E -.15
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--.25 F F1(dirs)180 338.4 Q F0 2.5(,s)C
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-(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad64>144 84 Q/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(delim)2.5 E F0
+(The \214rst character of)180 96 Q F2(delim)2.5 E F0
+(is used to terminate the input line, rather than ne)2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E
+F1<ad65>144 108 Q F0 .372
+(If the standard input is coming from a terminal,)25.86 F F1 -.18(re)
+2.873 G(adline).18 E F0(\(see)2.873 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(READLINE)
+2.873 E F0(abo)2.623 E -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.873(\)i).15 G 2.873(su)-2.873 G
+(sed)-2.873 E .218(to obtain the line.)180 120 R .218
+(Readline uses the current \(or def)5.218 F .218
+(ault, if line editing w)-.1 F .218(as not pre)-.1 F(viously)-.25 E
+(acti)180 132 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(\)e).15 G(diting settings.)-2.5 E F1
+<ad69>144 144 Q F2(te)2.5 E(xt)-.2 E F0(If)10.78 E F1 -.18(re)2.715 G
+(adline).18 E F0 .216(is being used to read the line,)2.715 F F2(te)
+2.716 E(xt)-.2 E F0 .216(is placed into the editing b)2.716 F(uf)-.2 E
+.216(fer before edit-)-.25 F(ing be)180 156 Q(gins.)-.15 E F1<ad6e>144
+168 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 180 S(ad).18 E F0
+1.395(returns after reading)3.895 F F2(nc)3.895 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0
+1.395(characters rather than w)3.895 F 1.394
+(aiting for a complete line of)-.1 F(input, b)180 192 Q
+(ut honor a delimiter if fe)-.2 E(wer than)-.25 E F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E
+(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read before the delimiter)2.5 E(.)-.55 E F1
+<ad4e>144 204 Q F2(nc)2.5 E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F1 -.18(re)180 216 S(ad)
+.18 E F0 1.269(returns after reading e)3.769 F(xactly)-.15 E F2(nc)3.769
+E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0 1.269(characters rather than w)3.769 F 1.27
(aiting for a complete)-.1 F .275
-(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 168 R F1 -.18(re)2.775
+(line of input, unless EOF is encountered or)180 228 R F1 -.18(re)2.775
G(ad).18 E F0 .274(times out.)2.774 F .274(Delimiter characters encoun-)
5.274 F 1.002
-(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 180 R
+(tered in the input are not treated specially and do not cause)180 240 R
F1 -.18(re)3.503 G(ad).18 E F0 1.003(to return until)3.503 F F2(nc)3.503
-E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 192 Q F1<ad70>144 204 Q
-F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 216 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E
+E(har)-.15 E(s)-.1 E F0(characters are read.)180 252 Q F1<ad70>144 264 Q
+F2(pr)2.5 E(ompt)-.45 E F0(Display)180 276 Q F2(pr)3.661 E(ompt)-.45 E
F0 1.161(on standard error)3.661 F 3.661(,w)-.4 G 1.161
(ithout a trailing ne)-3.661 F 1.161(wline, before attempting to read)
--.25 F(an)180 228 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
+-.25 F(an)180 288 Q 2.5(yi)-.15 G 2.5(nput. The)-2.5 F
(prompt is displayed only if input is coming from a terminal.)2.5 E F1
-<ad72>144 240 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
+<ad72>144 300 Q F0 .543(Backslash does not act as an escape character)
25.86 F 5.543(.T)-.55 G .544(he backslash is considered to be part of)
--5.543 F(the line.)180 252 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
+-5.543 F(the line.)180 312 Q(In particular)5 E 2.5(,ab)-.4 G
(ackslash-ne)-2.5 E(wline pair may not be used as a line continuation.)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 264 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 324 Q F0(Silent mode.)26.41 E
(If input is coming from a terminal, characters are not echoed.)5 E F1
-<ad74>144 276 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 288 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G
+<ad74>144 336 Q F2(timeout)2.5 E F0(Cause)180 348 Q F1 -.18(re)3.549 G
(ad).18 E F0 1.048(to time out and return f)3.549 F 1.048
(ailure if a complete line of input is not read within)-.1 F F2(timeout)
-180 300 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
+180 360 Q F0(seconds.)3.496 E F2(timeout)5.996 E F0 .997
(may be a decimal number with a fractional portion follo)3.496 F(wing)
--.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 312 R .576(This option is only ef)
+-.25 E .576(the decimal point.)180 372 R .576(This option is only ef)
5.576 F(fecti)-.25 E .876 -.15(ve i)-.25 H(f).15 E F1 -.18(re)3.076 G
(ad).18 E F0 .576(is reading input from a terminal,)3.076 F .141
-(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 324 R .142
+(pipe, or other special \214le; it has no ef)180 384 R .142
(fect when reading from re)-.25 F .142(gular \214les.)-.15 F(If)5.142 E
-F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 336 S(ad).18 E
+F2(timeout)2.642 E F0 .142(is 0,)2.642 F F1 -.18(re)180 396 S(ad).18 E
F0 .61(returns immediately)3.11 F 3.11(,w)-.65 G .61
(ithout trying to read an)-3.11 F 3.11(yd)-.15 G 3.11(ata. The)-3.11 F
--.15(ex)3.11 G .61(it statis is 0 if input is).15 F -.2(av)180 348 S
+-.15(ex)3.11 G .61(it statis is 0 if input is).15 F -.2(av)180 408 S
1.223(ailable on the speci\214ed \214le descriptor)-.05 F 3.723(,n)-.4 G
1.223(on-zero otherwise.)-3.723 F 1.224(The e)6.223 F 1.224
-(xit status is greater)-.15 F(than 128 if the timeout is e)180 360 Q
-(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 372 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
+(xit status is greater)-.15 F(than 128 if the timeout is e)180 420 Q
+(xceeded.)-.15 E F1<ad75>144 432 Q F2(fd)2.5 E F0
(Read input from \214le descriptor)14.46 E F2(fd)2.5 E F0(.)A .192
-(If no)144 388.8 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192
+(If no)144 448.8 R F2(names)3.052 E F0 .192
(are supplied, the line read is assigned to the v)2.962 F(ariable)-.25 E
-/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A
-F0 .191(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343
-(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 400.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad)
+F3(REPL)2.691 E(Y)-.828 E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .191
+(The return code is zero,)4.691 F 1.343
+(unless end-of-\214le is encountered,)144 460.8 R F1 -.18(re)3.843 G(ad)
.18 E F0 1.343
-(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F
-(128\), or an in)144 412.8 Q -.25(va)-.4 G
-(lid \214le descriptor is supplied as the ar).25 E(gument to)-.18 E F1
-<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 429.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
+(times out \(in which case the return code is greater than)3.843 F .872
+(128\), a v)144 472.8 R .871
+(ariable assignment error \(such as assigning to a readonly v)-.25 F
+.871(ariable\) occurs, or an in)-.25 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E
+(\214le descriptor is supplied as the ar)144 484.8 Q(gument to)-.18 E F1
+<ad75>2.5 E F0(.)A F1 -.18(re)108 501.6 S(adonly).18 E F0([)2.5 E F1
(\255aAf)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad70>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0([=)A
-F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 441.6 R -.15(ve)
+F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 2.5(].)C(..])-2.5 E .77(The gi)144 513.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G(n).15 E F2(names)3.27 E F0 .77(are mark)3.27 F .77
(ed readonly; the v)-.1 F .77(alues of these)-.25 F F2(names)3.63 E F0
-.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.096(quent assignment.)144
-453.6 R 1.096(If the)6.096 F F1<ad66>3.596 E F0 1.097
-(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.596 F F2
-(names)3.597 E F0 1.097(are so)3.597 F(mark)144 465.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
+.77(may not be changed by subse-)3.54 F 1.097(quent assignment.)144
+525.6 R 1.097(If the)6.097 F F1<ad66>3.597 E F0 1.097
+(option is supplied, the functions corresponding to the)3.597 F F2
+(names)3.596 E F0 1.096(are so)3.596 F(mark)144 537.6 Q 3.334(ed. The)
-.1 F F1<ad61>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F .834
(ariables to inde)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 3.334(da).15 G .834(rrays; the)
-3.334 F F1<ad41>3.334 E F0 .834(option restricts the v)3.334 F(ari-)
--.25 E .776(ables to associati)144 477.6 R 1.076 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.276
-(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.27
6 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
-F0(tak)3.277 E .777(es precedence.)-.1 F .777(If no)5.777 F F2(name)
-3.637 E F0(ar)3.457 E(gu-)-.18 E .522(ments are gi)144 489.6 R -.15(ve)
+-.25 E .777(ables to associati)144 549.6 R 1.077 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 3.277
+(rrays. If).15 F .777(both options are supplied,)3.27
7 F F1<ad41>3.277 E
+F0(tak)3.277 E .776(es precedence.)-.1 F .776(If no)5.776 F F2(name)
+3.636 E F0(ar)3.456 E(gu-)-.18 E .521(ments are gi)144 561.6 R -.15(ve)
-.25 G .521(n, or if the).15 F F1<ad70>3.021 E F0 .521
(option is supplied, a list of all readonly names is printed.)3.021 F
-.521(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
-to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 501.6 R(The)5.296 E F1
-<ad70>2.796 E F0(option)2.796 E .786
+.522(The other)5.521 F .295(options may be used to restrict the output \
+to a subset of the set of readonly names.)144 573.6 R(The)5.295 E F1
+<ad70>2.795 E F0(option)2.795 E .786
(causes output to be displayed in a format that may be reused as input.)
-144 513.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .785(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
-525.6 Q .717(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
+144 585.6 R .786(If a v)5.786 F .786(ariable name is fol-)-.25 F(lo)144
+597.6 Q .718(wed by =)-.25 F F2(wor)A(d)-.37 E F0 3.218(,t)C .718(he v)
-3.218 F .718(alue of the v)-.25 F .718(ariable is set to)-.25 F F2(wor)
3.218 E(d)-.37 E F0 5.718(.T)C .718(he return status is 0 unless an in)
-5.718 F -.25(va)-.4 G(lid).25 E .26(option is encountered, one of the)
-144 537.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
+144 609.6 R F2(names)3.12 E F0 .26(is not a v)3.03 F .26(alid shell v)
-.25 F .26(ariable name, or)-.25 F F1<ad66>2.76 E F0 .26
-(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 549.6 Q F0
-(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 566.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
-E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .02(Causes a function to stop e)144 578.4 R
--.15(xe)-.15 G .02(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
-(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(to its caller)2.761 F
-5.021(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.021 E F2(n)2.881 E F0 .021(is omitted,)2.761 F .469
-(the return status is that of the last command e)144 590.4 R -.15(xe)
+(is supplied with a)2.76 F F2(name)144.36 621.6 Q F0
+(that is not a function.)2.68 E F1 -.18(re)108 638.4 S(tur).18 E(n)-.15
+E F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0(])A .021(Causes a function to stop e)144 650.4 R
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .021(cuting and return the v).15 F .021
+(alue speci\214ed by)-.25 F F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(to its caller)2.76 F 5.02
+(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.02 E F2(n)2.88 E F0 .02(is omitted,)2.76 F .469
+(the return status is that of the last command e)144 662.4 R -.15(xe)
-.15 G .469(cuted in the function body).15 F 5.469(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.469 E
-F1 -.18(re)2.969 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .468(is used out-)2.969 F .466
-(side a function, b)144 602.4 R .466(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
+F1 -.18(re)2.969 G(tur).18 E(n)-.15 E F0 .469(is used out-)2.969 F .467
+(side a function, b)144 674.4 R .467(ut during e)-.2 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
.467(cution of a script by the).15 F F1(.)2.967 E F0(\()5.467 E F1(sour)
-A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.967(\)c)C .467(ommand, it causes the shell to)-2.967 F
-.088(stop e)144 614.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .087
+A(ce)-.18 E F0 2.966(\)c)C .466(ommand, it causes the shell to)-2.966 F
+.087(stop e)144 686.4 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .087
(cuting that script and return either).15 F F2(n)2.947 E F0 .087
(or the e)2.827 F .087(xit status of the last command e)-.15 F -.15(xe)
--.15 G .087(cuted within).15 F .613(the script as the e)144 626.4 R .613
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(xit status of the script.)-.15 F(If)5.613 E F2(n)3.113 E F0 .613
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-(alue is its least signi\214cant 8)-.25 F 2.511(bits. The)144 638.4 R
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+E F0 .011(is supplied a non-numeric ar)2.511 F .011
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(cution of a script by).15 F F1(.)2.91 E F0(or)3.743 E F1(sour)2.91 E
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-(ommand associated with the).15 F F1(RETURN)144 662.4 Q F0(trap is e)2.5
-E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuted before e).15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
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-(ariables and functions which are modi\214ed or created for e)-.25 F .54
-(xport to)-.15 F(the en)184 132 Q(vironment of subsequent commands.)-.4
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(Report the status of terminated background jobs immediately)28.74 F
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-(Exit immediately if a)29.86 F F2(pipeline)2.587 E F0 .087
-(\(which may consist of a single)2.587 F F2 .088(simple command)2.588 F
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--.1(ke)4.155 G(yw)-.05 E 1.655(ord, part of the test follo)-.1 F 1.654
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+F(fecti)-.25 E .687 -.15(ve u)-.25 H .387(ser and group ids to be).15 F
+(set to the real user and group ids.)184 522 Q F1<ad74>144 534 Q F0
(Exit after reading and e)30.97 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cuting one command.).15
-E F1<ad75>144 486 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .043(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\
+E F1<ad75>144 546 Q F0 -.35(Tr)28.74 G .044(eat unset v).35 F .044(aria\
bles and parameters other than the special parameters "@" and "*" as an)
--.25 F .183(error when performing parameter e)184 498 R 2.683
-(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.683 G .182
+-.25 F .182(error when performing parameter e)184 558 R 2.682
+(xpansion. If)-.15 F -.15(ex)2.682 G .183
(pansion is attempted on an unset v).15 F(ari-)-.25 E .746
-(able or parameter)184 510 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
+(able or parameter)184 570 R 3.246(,t)-.4 G .746
(he shell prints an error message, and, if not interacti)-3.246 F -.15
(ve)-.25 G 3.246(,e).15 G .746(xits with a)-3.396 F(non-zero status.)184
-522 Q F1<ad76>144 534 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya)
--.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 546 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315
-(xpanding each)-.15 F F2 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)
+582 Q F1<ad76>144 594 Q F0(Print shell input lines as the)29.3 E 2.5(ya)
+-.15 G(re read.)-2.5 E F1<ad78>144 606 Q F0 .315(After e)29.3 F .315
+(xpanding each)-.15 F F3 .315(simple command)2.815 F F0(,)A F1 -.25(fo)
2.815 G(r).25 E F0(command,)2.815 E F1(case)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E
-F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.235(or arithmetic)184 558 R F1
+F1(select)2.815 E F0(command,)2.815 E 1.236(or arithmetic)184 618 R F1
-.25(fo)3.736 G(r).25 E F0 1.236(command, display the e)3.736 F 1.236
-(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F3(PS4)3.736 E F4(,)A F0(follo)
-3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 570 Q
+(xpanded v)-.15 F 1.236(alue of)-.25 F F4(PS4)3.736 E F5(,)A F0(follo)
+3.486 E 1.236(wed by the com-)-.25 F(mand and its e)184 630 Q
(xpanded ar)-.15 E(guments or associated w)-.18 E(ord list.)-.1 E F1
-<ad42>144 582 Q F0 2.579(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
+<ad42>144 642 Q F0 2.578(The shell performs brace e)27.63 F 2.578
(xpansion \(see)-.15 F F1 2.578(Brace Expansion)5.078 F F0(abo)5.078 E
--.15(ve)-.15 G 5.078(\). This).15 F 2.578(is on by)5.078 F(def)184 594 Q
-(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 606 Q F0 .213(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.713 E
-F0 .213(does not o)2.713 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
+-.15(ve)-.15 G 5.079(\). This).15 F 2.579(is on by)5.079 F(def)184 654 Q
+(ault.)-.1 E F1<ad43>144 666 Q F0 .214(If set,)27.08 F F1(bash)2.714 E
+F0 .214(does not o)2.714 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .214(rwrite an e).15 F .214
(xisting \214le with the)-.15 F F1(>)2.714 E F0(,)A F1(>&)2.714 E F0
-2.714(,a)C(nd)-2.714 E F1(<>)2.714 E F0 .214(redirection opera-)2.714 F
-3.054(tors. This)184 618 R .553(may be o)3.053 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .553
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(rridden when creating output \214les by using the redirection opera-)
-.15 F(tor)184 630 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
-<ad45>144 642 Q F0 .103(If set, an)27.63 F 2.603(yt)-.15 G .103(rap on)
--2.603 F F1(ERR)2.603 E F0 .104
-(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.603
-F .839(mands e)184 654 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .839(cuted in a subshell en).15
-F 3.339(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .838
-(trap is normally not inherited in)3.338 F(such cases.)184 666 Q F1
-<ad48>144 678 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.031 E F0 .531
-(style history substitution.)5.531 F .531(This option is on by def)5.531
-F .532(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 690 Q -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 702 Q F0 1.165
-(If set, the shell does not follo)28.19 F 3.664(ws)-.25 G 1.164
-(ymbolic links when e)-3.664 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.164
-(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.664 E F0 2.821
-(that change the current w)184 714 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
-(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.822
-(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 4.799(instead. By)184 726 R(def)4.799
-E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)4.798 E F0(follo)4.798 E 2.298
-(ws the logical chain of directories when performing)-.25 F
+.15 F(tor)184 690 Q F1(>|)2.5 E F0(instead of)2.5 E F1(>)2.5 E F0(.)A F1
+<ad45>144 702 Q F0 .104(If set, an)27.63 F 2.604(yt)-.15 G .104(rap on)
+-2.604 F F1(ERR)2.604 E F0 .103
+(is inherited by shell functions, command substitutions, and com-)2.604
+F .838(mands e)184 714 R -.15(xe)-.15 G .838(cuted in a subshell en).15
+F 3.338(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(ERR)3.338 E F0 .839
+(trap is normally not inherited in)3.339 F(such cases.)184 726 Q
(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(15)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
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-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E
-(commands which change the current directory)184 84 Q(.)-.65 E/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad54>144 96 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G
-.89(raps on)-3.39 F F1(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39
-E F0 .89(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
-(substitutions, and commands e)184 108 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad48>144 84 Q F0(Enable)26.52 E F1(!)3.032 E F0 .532
+(style history substitution.)5.532 F .531(This option is on by def)5.532
+F .531(ault when the shell is inter)-.1 F(-)-.2 E(acti)184 96 Q -.15(ve)
+-.25 G(.).15 E F1<ad50>144 108 Q F0 .959
+(If set, the shell does not resolv)28.19 F 3.459(es)-.15 G .959
+(ymbolic links when e)-3.459 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .96
+(cuting commands such as).15 F F1(cd)3.46 E F0 2.822
+(that change the current w)184 120 R 2.822(orking directory)-.1 F 7.822
+(.I)-.65 G 5.322(tu)-7.822 G 2.822(ses the ph)-5.322 F 2.821
+(ysical directory structure)-.05 F 2.685(instead. By)184 132 R(def)2.685
+E(ault,)-.1 E F1(bash)2.686 E F0(follo)2.686 E .186
+(ws the logical chain of directories when performing com-)-.25 F
+(mands which change the current directory)184 144 Q(.)-.65 E F1<ad54>144
+156 Q F0 .89(If set, an)27.63 F 3.39(yt)-.15 G .89(raps on)-3.39 F F1
+(DEB)3.39 E(UG)-.1 E F0(and)3.39 E F1(RETURN)3.39 E F0 .89
+(are inherited by shell functions, command)3.39 F 1.932
+(substitutions, and commands e)184 168 R -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.932
(cuted in a subshell en).15 F 4.432(vironment. The)-.4 F F1(DEB)4.432 E
-(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 120 Q F0
-(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 132 Q
-F0 .4(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
+(UG)-.1 E F0(and)4.432 E F1(RETURN)184 180 Q F0
+(traps are normally not inherited in such cases.)2.5 E F1<adad>144 192 Q
+F0 .401(If no ar)28.6 F .401(guments follo)-.18 F 2.901(wt)-.25 G .401
(his option, then the positional parameters are unset.)-2.901 F
-(Otherwise,)5.401 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 144 Q
-/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
-(ni).15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>
-2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad>144 156 Q F0 1.945
+(Otherwise,)5.4 E(the positional parameters are set to the)184 204 Q/F2
+10/Times-Italic@0 SF(ar)2.5 E(g)-.37 E F0(s, e)A -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ni)
+.15 G 2.5(fs)-2.5 G(ome of them be)-2.5 E(gin with a)-.15 E F1<ad>2.5 E
+F0(.)A F1<ad>144 216 Q F0 1.944
(Signal the end of options, cause all remaining)34.3 F F2(ar)4.444 E(g)
--.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.444(ea)-4.444 G 1.944
-(ssigned to the positional)-4.444 F 3.445(parameters. The)184 168 R F1
-<ad78>3.445 E F0(and)3.445 E F1<ad76>3.445 E F0 .945
-(options are turned of)3.445 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .946(there are no)
-3.445 F F2(ar)3.446 E(g)-.37 E F0 .946(s, the positional)B
-(parameters remain unchanged.)184 180 Q .425(The options are of)144
-196.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
+-.37 E F0 4.444(st)C 4.444(ob)-4.444 G 4.445(ea)-4.444 G 1.945
+(ssigned to the positional)-4.445 F 3.446(parameters. The)184 228 R F1
+<ad78>3.446 E F0(and)3.446 E F1<ad76>3.446 E F0 .945
+(options are turned of)3.446 F 3.445(f. If)-.25 F .945(there are no)
+3.445 F F2(ar)3.445 E(g)-.37 E F0 .945(s, the positional)B
+(parameters remain unchanged.)184 240 Q .425(The options are of)144
+256.8 R 2.925(fb)-.25 G 2.925(yd)-2.925 G(ef)-2.925 E .425
(ault unless otherwise noted.)-.1 F .425
-(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .177
-(to be turned of)144 208.8 R 2.677(f. The)-.25 F .178
+(Using + rather than \255 causes these options)5.425 F .178
+(to be turned of)144 268.8 R 2.678(f. The)-.25 F .178
(options can also be speci\214ed as ar)2.678 F .178(guments to an in)
--.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .178(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.178 E .066
-(current set of options may be found in)144 220.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
+-.18 F -.2(vo)-.4 G .177(cation of the shell.).2 F(The)5.177 E .066
+(current set of options may be found in)144 280.8 R F1<24ad>2.566 E F0
5.066(.T)C .066(he return status is al)-5.066 F -.1(wa)-.1 G .066
-(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .066(lid option).25 F
-(is encountered.)144 232.8 Q F1(shift)108 249.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
-(])A .428(The positional parameters from)144 261.6 R F2(n)2.928 E F0
-.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.429 G
-.429(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 273.6 Q F1($#)2.583
-E F0(do)2.583 E .083(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.583 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .083
-(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.443 E F0 .083(must be a non-ne)2.823 F -.05(ga)
--.15 G(ti).05 E .382 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .082(umber less than or equal to)
-.15 F F1($#)2.582 E F0 5.082(.I)C(f)-5.082 E F2(n)2.942 E F0 .06
-(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 285.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
+(ys true unless an in).1 F -.25(va)-.4 G .067(lid option).25 F
+(is encountered.)144 292.8 Q F1(shift)108 309.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(n)A F0
+(])A .429(The positional parameters from)144 321.6 R F2(n)2.929 E F0
+.429(+1 ... are renamed to)B F1 .429($1 ....)2.929 F F0 -.15(Pa)5.428 G
+.428(rameters represented by the num-).15 F(bers)144 333.6 Q F1($#)2.582
+E F0(do)2.582 E .082(wn to)-.25 F F1($#)2.582 E F0<ad>A F2(n)A F0 .082
+(+1 are unset.)B F2(n)5.442 E F0 .082(must be a non-ne)2.822 F -.05(ga)
+-.15 G(ti).05 E .383 -.15(ve n)-.25 H .083(umber less than or equal to)
+.15 F F1($#)2.583 E F0 5.083(.I)C(f)-5.083 E F2(n)2.943 E F0 .06
+(is 0, no parameters are changed.)144 345.6 R(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0
.06(is not gi)2.8 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .06(n, it is assumed to be 1.).15 F
(If)5.06 E F2(n)2.92 E F0 .06(is greater than)2.8 F F1($#)2.56 E F0 2.56
-(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .144(positional parameters are not changed.)144 297.6 R
-.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.144 F F2(n)3.003 E F0
-.143(is greater than)2.883 F F1($#)2.643 E F0
-(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 309.6 Q F1(shopt)108 326.4 Q F0([)
+(,t)C(he)-2.56 E .143(positional parameters are not changed.)144 357.6 R
+.144(The return status is greater than zero if)5.143 F F2(n)3.004 E F0
+.144(is greater than)2.884 F F1($#)2.644 E F0
+(or less than zero; otherwise 0.)144 369.6 Q F1(shopt)108 386.4 Q F0([)
2.5 E F1(\255pqsu)A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad6f>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(optname)
--2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 338.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
+-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.8(To)144 398.4 S .222(ggle the v).8 F .222
(alues of v)-.25 F .222(ariables controlling optional shell beha)-.25 F
(vior)-.2 E 5.222(.W)-.55 G .222(ith no options, or with the)-5.622 F F1
<ad70>2.722 E F0 .721(option, a list of all settable options is display\
-ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 350.4 R(The)
-144 362.4 Q F1<ad70>2.827 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
-d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.827 F .328(Other options)
-5.328 F(ha)144 374.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
--.25 E F1<ad73>144 386.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
-E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 398.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
-(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 410.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
+ed, with an indication of whether or not each is set.)144 410.4 R(The)
+144 422.4 Q F1<ad70>2.828 E F0 .327(option causes output to be displaye\
+d in a form that may be reused as input.)2.828 F .327(Other options)
+5.327 F(ha)144 434.4 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.2 H(he follo).15 E(wing meanings:)
+-.25 E F1<ad73>144 446.4 Q F0(Enable \(set\) each)26.41 E F2(optname)2.5
+E F0(.)A F1<ad75>144 458.4 Q F0(Disable \(unset\) each)24.74 E F2
+(optname)2.5 E F0(.)A F1<ad71>144 470.4 Q F0 .003(Suppresses normal out\
put \(quiet mode\); the return status indicates whether the)24.74 F F2
-(optname)2.503 E F0(is)2.503 E .255(set or unset.)180 422.4 R .255
-(If multiple)5.255 F F2(optname)2.755 E F0(ar)2.755 E .256
+(optname)2.504 E F0(is)2.504 E .256(set or unset.)180 482.4 R .256
+(If multiple)5.256 F F2(optname)2.756 E F0(ar)2.756 E .256
(guments are gi)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.756(nw).15 G(ith)-2.756 E F1
-<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.756(,t)C .256(he return status is zero if)-2.756 F
-(all)180 434.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
-2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 446.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
+<ad71>2.756 E F0 2.755(,t)C .255(he return status is zero if)-2.755 F
+(all)180 494.4 Q F2(optnames)2.5 E F0(are enabled; non-zero otherwise.)
+2.5 E F1<ad6f>144 506.4 Q F0(Restricts the v)25.3 E(alues of)-.25 E F2
(optname)2.5 E F0(to be those de\214ned for the)2.5 E F1<ad6f>2.5 E F0
-(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .625
-(If either)144
463.2 R F1<ad73>3.125 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0
+(option to the)2.5 E F1(set)2.5 E F0 -.2(bu)2.5 G(iltin.).2 E .624
+(If either)144
523.2 R F1<ad73>3.124 E F0(or)3.124 E F1<ad75>3.124 E F0
.624(is used with no)3.124 F F2(optname)3.124 E F0(ar)3.124 E(guments,)
-.18 E F1(shopt)3.124 E F0(sho)3.124 E .624
-(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.233(set or unset, respecti)144
-475.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)-.65 G 2.234
+(ws only those options which are)-.25 F 2.234(set or unset, respecti)144
+535.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 7.234(.U)-.65 G 2.234
(nless otherwise noted, the)-7.234 F F1(shopt)4.734 E F0 2.234
-(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 487.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E
-1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 504 R F2
-(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.544(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.044 F .696
+(options are disabled \(unset\) by)4.734 F(def)144 547.2 Q(ault.)-.1 E
+1.544(The return status when listing options is zero if all)144 564 R F2
+(optnames)4.044 E F0 1.545(are enabled, non-zero otherwise.)4.045 F .696
(When setting or unsetting options, the return status is zero unless an)
-144 516 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .696(alid shell)
--.25 F(option.)144 528 Q(The list of)144 544.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
-(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 562.8 Q F0 .2
+144 576 R F2(optname)3.196 E F0 .696(is not a v)3.196 F .695(alid shell)
+-.25 F(option.)144 588 Q(The list of)144 604.8 Q F1(shopt)2.5 E F0
+(options is:)2.5 E F1(autocd)144 622.8 Q F0 .199
(If set, a command name that is the name of a directory is e)11.11 F
--.15(xe)-.15 G .199(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
-(ment to the)184 574.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
+-.15(xe)-.15 G .2(cuted as if it were the ar).15 F(gu-)-.18 E
+(ment to the)184 634.8 Q F1(cd)2.5 E F0 2.5(command. This)2.5 F
(option is only used by interacti)2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.).15 E
-F1(cdable_v)144 586.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .155(If set, an ar)184 598.8 R .155
-(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.655 E F0 -.2(bu)2.655 G .156
+F1(cdable_v)144 646.8 Q(ars)-.1 E F0 .156(If set, an ar)184 658.8 R .156
+(gument to the)-.18 F F1(cd)2.656 E F0 -.2(bu)2.656 G .155
(iltin command that is not a directory is assumed to be the).2 F
-(name of a v)184 610.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
-(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 622.8 Q F0
+(name of a v)184 670.8 Q(ariable whose v)-.25 E
+(alue is the directory to change to.)-.25 E F1(cdspell)144 682.8 Q F0
1.055
(If set, minor errors in the spelling of a directory component in a)
-10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.987
-(corrected. The)184 634.8 R 1.487(errors check)3.987 F 1.487
-(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.988(,a)
--.4 G(nd)-3.988 E .77(one character too man)184 646.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
+10.55 F F1(cd)3.555 E F0 1.055(command will be)3.555 F 3.988
+(corrected. The)184 694.8 R 1.488(errors check)3.988 F 1.487
+(ed for are transposed characters, a missing character)-.1 F 3.987(,a)
+-.4 G(nd)-3.987 E .77(one character too man)184 706.8 R 4.57 -.65(y. I)
-.15 H 3.27(fac).65 G .77
(orrection is found, the corrected \214lename is printed, and)-3.27 F
-(the command proceeds.)184 658.8 Q
+(the command proceeds.)184 718.8 Q
(This option is only used by interacti)5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.25 H(hells.)
-.15 E F1(checkhash)144 670.8 Q F0 2.079(If set,)184 682.8 R F1(bash)
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--.25 F .936(ords to be ignored)-.1 F .32(when performing w)184 276 R .32
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(ord completion e)-.1 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.82(ni).15 G 2.82(ft)-2.82 G .32
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-F(enabled by def)184 300 Q(ault.)-.1 E F1(globasciiranges)144 312 Q F0
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-(tter).09 E 3.056(nM)-.135 G(atching)-3.056 E F0(abo)3.056 E -.15(ve)
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-R 2.089(That is, the current)7.089 F(locale')184 348 Q 2.613(sc)-.55 G
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-(and)2.614 E F1(B)184 360 Q F0 2.5(,a)C(nd upper)-2.5 E(-case and lo)-.2
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-(xt will match all \214les and zero)-.15 F .431
-(or more directories and subdirectories.)184 384 R .431
-(If the pattern is follo)5.431 F .432(wed by a)-.25 F F1(/)2.932 E F0
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-396 Q F1(gnu_errfmt)144 408 Q F0(If set, shell error messages are writt\
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--.15(ve)-.15 G(rwriting the \214le.).15 E F1(histr)144 468 Q(eedit)-.18
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-(hostcomplete)144 552 Q F0 1.182(If set, and)184 564 R F1 -.18(re)3.682
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(The shell sets this option if it is started as a login shell \(see)184
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(The shell sets this option if it is started in restricted mode \(see)
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-(Return a status of 0 \(true\) or 1 \(f)6.77 F .878
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-84 S 1.009(it status, subject to the follo).15 F 1.009(wing conditions.)
--.25 F(The)6.009 E/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009
-(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.008(cuted if the f).15 F 1.008
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .145
+(shell function \(see)144 84 R/F1 9/Times-Bold@0 SF .145(SHELL GRAMMAR)
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+(to the description of the)2.646 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(extdeb)2.646 E
+(ug)-.2 E F0 .146(option to)2.646 F(the)144 96 Q F2(shopt)3.201 E F0 -.2
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+(DEB)3.2 E(UG)-.1 E F0 3.2(trap. If)3.2 F(a)3.2 E/F3 10/Times-Italic@0
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+(is e)3.363 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .643
+(cuted each time a shell function or a script e).15 F -.15(xe)-.15 G
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+-.18 E F0 -.2(bu)3.144 G(iltins).2 E(\214nishes e)144 120 Q -.15(xe)-.15
+G(cuting.).15 E .929(If a)144 138 R F3(sigspec)3.769 E F0(is)3.739 E F1
+(ERR)3.429 E F4(,)A F0 .929(the command)3.179 F F3(ar)3.759 E(g)-.37 E
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+G 3.429(ras).15 G .928(imple command has a non\255zero)-3.429 F -.15(ex)
+144 150 S 1.008(it status, subject to the follo).15 F 1.009
+(wing conditions.)-.25 F(The)6.009 E F1(ERR)3.509 E F0 1.009
+(trap is not e)3.259 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.009(cuted if the f).15 F 1.009
(ailed com-)-.1 F .324
-(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 96 R .324
-(wing a)-.25 F/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F2
-(until)2.824 E F0 -.1(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)
--.1 F .151(in an)144 108 R/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(if)2.661 E F0 .151
-(statement, part of a command e)4.611 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted in a)
-.15 F F2(&&)2.651 E F0(or)2.651 E F2(||)2.651 E F0 .151
-(list, or if the command')2.651 F 2.651(sr)-.55 G .151(eturn v)-2.651 F
-(alue)-.25 E(is being in)144 120 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E F2(!)2.5
-E F0 5(.T)C(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)-.15 E F2
-(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095
+(mand is part of the command list immediately follo)144 162 R .324
+(wing a)-.25 F F2(while)2.824 E F0(or)2.824 E F2(until)2.824 E F0 -.1
+(ke)2.824 G(yw)-.05 E .324(ord, part of the test)-.1 F .151(in an)144
+174 R F3(if)2.661 E F0 .151(statement, part of a command e)4.611 F -.15
+(xe)-.15 G .151(cuted in a).15 F F2(&&)2.651 E F0(or)2.651 E F2(||)2.651
+E F0 .151(list, or if the command')2.651 F 2.651(sr)-.55 G .151(eturn v)
+-2.651 F(alue)-.25 E(is being in)144 186 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G(rted via).15 E
+F2(!)2.5 E F0 5(.T)C(hese are the same conditions obe)-5 E(yed by the)
+-.15 E F2(err)2.5 E(exit)-.18 E F0(option.)2.5 E 1.095
(Signals ignored upon entry to the shell cannot be trapped or reset.)144
-138 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
-(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 150 R .662
-(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .661(vironment when one is)
--.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 162 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1
+204 R -.35(Tr)6.095 G 1.095(apped signals that are not).35 F .662
+(being ignored are reset to their original v)144 216 R .662
+(alues in a subshell or subshell en)-.25 F .662(vironment when one is)
+-.4 F 2.5(created. The)144 228 R(return status is f)2.5 E(alse if an)-.1
E(y)-.15 E F3(sigspec)2.84 E F0(is in)2.81 E -.25(va)-.4 G
(lid; otherwise).25 E F2(trap)2.5 E F0(returns true.)2.5 E F2(type)108
-178.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3
-(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 190.8 S .173
-(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.673(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.673 E F3(name)
-3.033 E F0 -.1(wo)2.853 G .174
-(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .174(If the)5.174 F
-F2<ad74>144 202.8 Q F0 .843(option is used,)3.343 F F2(type)3.343 E F0
+244.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F2(\255aftpP)A F0(])A F3(name)2.5 E F0([)2.5 E F3
+(name)A F0(...])2.5 E -.4(Wi)144 256.8 S .174
+(th no options, indicate ho).4 F 2.674(we)-.25 G(ach)-2.674 E F3(name)
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+(uld be interpreted if used as a command name.).1 F .173(If the)5.173 F
+F2<ad74>144 268.8 Q F0 .842(option is used,)3.342 F F2(type)3.342 E F0
.843(prints a string which is one of)3.343 F F3(alias)3.343 E F0(,).27 E
F3 -.1(ke)3.343 G(ywor)-.2 E(d)-.37 E F0(,).77 E F3(function)3.343 E F0
-(,).24 E F3 -.2(bu)3.342 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.342(,o).24 G(r)-3.342 E F3
-(\214le)5.252 E F0(if)3.522 E F3(name)144.36 214.8 Q F0 .086
-(is an alias, shell reserv)2.766 F .086(ed w)-.15 F .086
-(ord, function, b)-.1 F .087(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
-(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.087(.I)-.65 G 2.587(ft)-5.087 G(he)-2.587 E F3
-(name)2.947 E F0 .087(is not)2.767 F .119
-(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 226.8 R .118
-(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .118(If the)5.118 F
-F2<ad70>2.618 E F0 .118(option is used,)2.618 F F2(type)2.618 E F0 .855
-(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 238.8 R .855
+(,).24 E F3 -.2(bu)3.343 G(iltin).2 E F0 3.343(,o).24 G(r)-3.343 E F3
+(\214le)5.253 E F0(if)3.523 E F3(name)144.36 280.8 Q F0 .087
+(is an alias, shell reserv)2.767 F .087(ed w)-.15 F .087
+(ord, function, b)-.1 F .086(uiltin, or disk \214le, respecti)-.2 F -.15
+(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E 5.086(.I)-.65 G 2.586(ft)-5.086 G(he)-2.586 E F3
+(name)2.946 E F0 .086(is not)2.766 F .118
+(found, then nothing is printed, and an e)144 292.8 R .118
+(xit status of f)-.15 F .118(alse is returned.)-.1 F .119(If the)5.119 F
+F2<ad70>2.619 E F0 .119(option is used,)2.619 F F2(type)2.619 E F0 .855
+(either returns the name of the disk \214le that w)144 304.8 R .855
(ould be e)-.1 F -.15(xe)-.15 G .855(cuted if).15 F F3(name)3.715 E F0
-.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .641(mand name, or nothing if)
-144 250.8 R/F4 10/Courier@0 SF .641(type -t name)3.141 F F0 -.1(wo)3.141
-G .641(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)3.14 E F0 5.64(.T).18 G(he)-5.64 E
-F2<ad50>3.14 E F0 .64(option forces a)3.14 F F1 -.666(PA)3.14 G(TH)-.189
-E F0 .112(search for each)144 262.8 R F3(name)2.612 E F0 2.612(,e)C -.15
-(ve)-2.862 G 2.613(ni).15 G(f)-2.613 E F4 .113(type -t name)2.613 F F0
--.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113(.I)
-.18 G 2.613(fac)-5.113 G .113(ommand is hashed,)-2.613 F F2<ad70>2.613 E
-F0(and)144 274.8 Q F2<ad50>3.231 E F0 .731(print the hashed v)3.231 F
-.73(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)
--.25 F F1 -.666(PA)3.23 G(TH)-.189 E/F5 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(.)A F0 .73
-(If the)5.23 F F2<ad61>144 286.8 Q F0 1.748(option is used,)4.248 F F2
-(type)4.248 E F0 1.748(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248
-F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748(cutable named).15 F F3(name)4.249 E F0 6.749(.T)
-.18 G(his)-6.749 E .744
-(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144
298.8 R F2<ad70>
-3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .743
+.855(were speci\214ed as a com-)3.535 F .64(mand name, or nothing if)144
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+(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)3.141 E F0 5.641(.T).18 G(he)-5.641 E F2
+<ad50>3.141 E F0 .641(option forces a)3.141 F F1 -.666(PA)3.141 G(TH)
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+F F0 -.1(wo)2.613 G .113(uld not return).1 F F3(\214le)2.613 E F0 5.113
+(.I).18 G 2.613(fa)-5.113 G .112(command is hashed,)-.001 F F2<ad70>
+2.612 E F0(and)144 340.8 Q F2<ad50>3.23 E F0 .73(print the hashed v)3.23
+F .731
+(alue, which is not necessarily the \214le that appears \214rst in)-.25
+F F1 -.666(PA)3.231 G(TH)-.189 E F4(.)A F0 .731(If the)5.231 F F2<ad61>
+144 352.8 Q F0 1.749(option is used,)4.249 F F2(type)4.248 E F0 1.748
+(prints all of the places that contain an e)4.248 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.748
+(cutable named).15 F F3(name)4.248 E F0 6.748(.T).18 G(his)-6.748 E .744
+(includes aliases and functions, if and only if the)144
364.8 R F2<ad70>
+3.244 E F0 .744(option is not also used.)3.244 F .744
(The table of hashed)5.744 F 1.223(commands is not consulted when using)
-144 3
10.8 R F2<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F2<ad66>3.723 E F0
-1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .326(with the)
-144 322.8 R F2(command)2.826 E F0 -.2(bu)2.826 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)
-5.326 E F0 .326(returns true if all of the ar)2.826 F .325
-(guments are found, f)-.18 F .325(alse if an)-.1 F 2.825(ya)-.15 G .325
-(re not)-2.825 F(found.)144 334.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 351.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
+144 3
76.8 R F2<ad61>3.723 E F0 6.223(.T)C(he)-6.223 E F2<ad66>3.723 E F0
+1.223(option suppresses shell function lookup, as)3.723 F .325(with the)
+144 388.8 R F2(command)2.825 E F0 -.2(bu)2.825 G(iltin.).2 E F2(type)
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+(guments are found, f)-.18 F .326(alse if an)-.1 F 2.826(ya)-.15 G .326
+(re not)-2.826 F(found.)144 400.8 Q F2(ulimit)108 417.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F2
(\255HST)A(abcde\214lmnpqrstuvx)-.92 E F0([)2.5 E F3(limit)A F0(]])A
-(Pro)144 363.6 Q .243(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.743(rt).15
-G .243(he resources a)-2.743 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
+(Pro)144 429.6 Q .244(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.744(rt).15
+G .244(he resources a)-2.744 F -.25(va)-.2 G .244
(ilable to the shell and to processes started by it, on systems).25 F
-.944(that allo)144 375.6 R 3.444(ws)-.25 G .944(uch control.)-3.444 F
-(The)5.944 E F2<ad48>3.444 E F0(and)3.444 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .943
+.943(that allo)144 441.6 R 3.443(ws)-.25 G .943(uch control.)-3.443 F
+(The)5.943 E F2<ad48>3.443 E F0(and)3.443 E F2<ad53>3.444 E F0 .944
(options specify that the hard or soft limit is set for the)3.444 F(gi)
-144 387.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.708(nr).15 G 2.708(esource. A)-2.708 F .208
+144 453.6 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.709(nr).15 G 2.709(esource. A)-2.709 F .208
(hard limit cannot be increased by a non-root user once it is set; a so\
-ft limit may)2.708 F .426(be increased up to the v)144 399.6 R .426
-(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .425(If neither)5.426 F F2<ad48>2.925 E
-F0(nor)2.925 E F2<ad53>2.925 E F0 .425
-(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.925 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
-411.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F3(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
+ft limit may)2.709 F .425(be increased up to the v)144 465.6 R .425
+(alue of the hard limit.)-.25 F .426(If neither)5.425 F F2<ad48>2.926 E
+F0(nor)2.926 E F2<ad53>2.926 E F0 .426
+(is speci\214ed, both the soft and)2.926 F .139(hard limits are set.)144
+477.6 R .139(The v)5.139 F .139(alue of)-.25 F F3(limit)2.729 E F0 .139
(can be a number in the unit speci\214ed for the resource or one)3.319 F
-.742(of the special v)144 423.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.242 E F0(,)A F2
+.741(of the special v)144 489.6 R(alues)-.25 E F2(hard)3.241 E F0(,)A F2
(soft)3.241 E F0 3.241(,o)C(r)-3.241 E F2(unlimited)3.241 E F0 3.241(,w)
C .741(hich stand for the current hard limit, the current)-3.241 F .78
-(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 435.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
+(soft limit, and no limit, respecti)144 501.6 R -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly).15 E
5.78(.I)-.65 G(f)-5.78 E F3(limit)3.37 E F0 .78
(is omitted, the current v)3.96 F .78(alue of the soft limit of the)-.25
-F .49
9(resource is printed, unless the)144 447.6 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0
-.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .498
+F .49
8(resource is printed, unless the)144 513.6 R F2<ad48>2.999 E F0
+.499(option is gi)2.999 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.999(n. When).15 F .499
(more than one resource is speci\214ed, the)2.999 F
-(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 459.6 Q 2.5
+(limit name and unit are printed before the v)144 525.6 Q 2.5
(alue. Other)-.25 F(options are interpreted as follo)2.5 E(ws:)-.25 E F2
-<ad61>144
471.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2<ad62>144
-483.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
-F2<ad63>144 495.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
-F2<ad64>144 507.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
--.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 519.6 Q F0
-(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 531.6 Q
+<ad61>144
537.6 Q F0(All current limits are reported)25.3 E F2<ad62>144
+549.6 Q F0(The maximum sock)24.74 E(et b)-.1 E(uf)-.2 E(fer size)-.25 E
+F2<ad63>144 561.6 Q F0(The maximum size of core \214les created)25.86 E
+F2<ad64>144 573.6 Q F0(The maximum size of a process')24.74 E 2.5(sd)
+-.55 G(ata se)-2.5 E(gment)-.15 E F2<ad65>144 585.6 Q F0
+(The maximum scheduling priority \("nice"\))25.86 E F2<ad66>144 597.6 Q
F0(The maximum size of \214les written by the shell and its children)
-26.97 E F2<ad69>144 543.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
-27.52 E F2<ad6c>144 555.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
-(ed into memory)-.1 E F2<ad6d>144 567.6 Q F0
+26.97 E F2<ad69>144 609.6 Q F0(The maximum number of pending signals)
+27.52 E F2<ad6c>144 621.6 Q F0(The maximum size that may be lock)27.52 E
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(The maximum resident set size \(man)21.97 E 2.5(ys)-.15 G
-(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 579.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
+(ystems do not honor this limit\))-2.5 E F2<ad6e>144 645.6 Q F0 .791(Th\
e maximum number of open \214le descriptors \(most systems do not allo)
-24.74 F 3.291(wt)-.25 G .791(his v)-3.291 F .791(alue to)-.25 F
-(be set\))180 591.6 Q F2<ad70>144 603.6 Q F0
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+657.6 Q F2<ad70>144 669.6 Q F0
(The pipe size in 512-byte blocks \(this may not be set\))24.74 E F2
-<ad71>144 615.6 Q F0
+<ad71>144 681.6 Q F0
(The maximum number of bytes in POSIX message queues)24.74 E F2<ad72>144
-627.6 Q F0(The maximum real-time scheduling priority)25.86 E F2<ad73>144
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-(The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds)26.97 E F2<ad75>144 663.6 Q
-F0(The maximum number of processes a)24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G
-(ilable to a single user).25 E F2<ad76>144 675.6 Q F0 .47
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-(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180
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-(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E .045
-(no option is gi)144 84 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .045(n, then).15 F/F1 10
-/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad66>2.545 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045
-G .045(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .044(xcept for)-.15 F
-F1<ad74>2.544 E F0 2.544(,w)C .044(hich is)-2.544 F .402(in seconds;)144
-96 R F1<ad70>2.902 E F0 2.902(,w)C .402
-(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks; and)-2.902 F F1<ad54>2.902 E F0(,)
+(TINS\(1\) B)-.92 F(ASH_B)-.35 E(UIL)-.1 E(TINS\(1\))-.92 E/F1 10
+/Times-Bold@0 SF<ad75>144 84 Q F0(The maximum number of processes a)
+24.74 E -.25(va)-.2 G(ilable to a single user).25 E F1<ad76>144 96 Q F0
+.47(The maximum amount of virtual memory a)25.3 F -.25(va)-.2 G .47
+(ilable to the shell and, on some systems, to).25 F(its children)180 108
+Q F1<ad78>144 120 Q F0(The maximum number of \214le locks)25.3 E F1
+<ad54>144 132 Q F0(The maximum number of threads)23.63 E(If)144 148.8 Q
+/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(limit)3.058 E F0 .468(is gi)3.648 F -.15(ve)
+-.25 G .468(n, and the).15 F F1<ad61>2.968 E F0 .468
+(option is not used,)2.968 F F2(limit)2.968 E F0 .468(is the ne)2.968 F
+2.968(wv)-.25 G .468(alue of the speci\214ed resource.)-3.218 F(If)5.468
+E .044(no option is gi)144 160.8 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .044(n, then).15 F F1
+<ad66>2.544 E F0 .045(is assumed.)2.545 F -1.11(Va)5.045 G .045
+(lues are in 1024-byte increments, e)1.11 F .045(xcept for)-.15 F F1
+<ad74>2.545 E F0 2.545(,w)C .045(hich is)-2.545 F .403(in seconds;)144
+172.8 R F1<ad70>2.903 E F0 2.903(,w)C .402
+(hich is in units of 512-byte blocks; and)-2.903 F F1<ad54>2.902 E F0(,)
A F1<ad62>2.902 E F0(,)A F1<ad6e>2.902 E F0 2.902(,a)C(nd)-2.902 E F1
-<ad75>2.903 E F0 2.903(,w)C .403(hich are unscaled)-2.903 F -.25(va)144
-108 S 3.083(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083 F
--.25(va)-.4 G .583(lid option or ar).25 F .583
+<ad75>2.902 E F0 2.902(,w)C .402(hich are unscaled)-2.902 F -.25(va)144
+184.8 S 3.082(lues. The).25 F .583(return status is 0 unless an in)3.083
+F -.25(va)-.4 G .583(lid option or ar).25 F .583
(gument is supplied, or an error occurs)-.18 F(while setting a ne)144
-120 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 136.8 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
-<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C/F2 10/Times-Italic@0 SF
-(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 148.8
-R F2(mode)2.7 E F0 5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
+196.8 Q 2.5(wl)-.25 G(imit.)-2.5 E F1(umask)108 213.6 Q F0([)2.5 E F1
+<ad70>A F0 2.5(][)C F1<ad53>-2.5 E F0 2.5(][)C F2(mode)-2.5 E F0(])A .2
+(The user \214le-creation mask is set to)144 225.6 R F2(mode)2.7 E F0
+5.2(.I).18 G(f)-5.2 E F2(mode)3.08 E F0(be)2.88 E .2
(gins with a digit, it is interpreted as an octal)-.15 F .066(number; o\
therwise it is interpreted as a symbolic mode mask similar to that acce\
-pted by)144 160.8 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
-172.8 Q F2(mode)3.262 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.062 F .382
+pted by)144 237.6 R F2 -.15(ch)2.566 G(mod).15 E F0(\(1\).).77 E(If)144
+249.6 Q F2(mode)3.263 E F0 .382(is omitted, the current v)3.063 F .382
(alue of the mask is printed.)-.25 F(The)5.382 E F1<ad53>2.882 E F0 .382
(option causes the mask to be)2.882 F .547
-(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 184.8 R .547
+(printed in symbolic form; the def)144 261.6 R .547
(ault output is an octal number)-.1 F 5.547(.I)-.55 G 3.047(ft)-5.547 G
(he)-3.047 E F1<ad70>3.047 E F0 .547(option is supplied, and)3.047 F F2
-(mode)144.38 196.8 Q F0 .551
-(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.231
-F .552(The return status is 0 if the)5.552 F(mode w)144 208.8 Q
+(mode)144.38 273.6 Q F0 .552
+(is omitted, the output is in a form that may be reused as input.)3.232
+F .551(The return status is 0 if the)5.551 F(mode w)144 285.6 Q
(as successfully changed or if no)-.1 E F2(mode)2.5 E F0(ar)2.5 E
(gument w)-.18 E(as supplied, and f)-.1 E(alse otherwise.)-.1 E F1
-(unalias)108 225.6 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
-(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 237.6 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
+(unalias)108 302.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1(a)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0
+(...])2.5 E(Remo)144 314.4 Q 1.955 -.15(ve e)-.15 H(ach).15 E F2(name)
4.155 E F0 1.655(from the list of de\214ned aliases.)4.155 F(If)6.655 E
F1<ad61>4.155 E F0 1.655(is supplied, all alias de\214nitions are)4.155
-F(remo)144 249.6 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
+F(remo)144 326.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(d. The).15 F(return v)2.5 E
(alue is true unless a supplied)-.25 E F2(name)2.86 E F0
-(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 266.4 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
-(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 278.4 S 3.827
-(re).15 G(ach)-3.827 E F2(name)3.827 E F0 3.827(,r).18 G(emo)-3.827 E
-1.627 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.327(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327
-(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.828 E F0
-1.328(option is gi)3.828 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.328(n, each).15 F F2(name)
-144.36 290.4 Q F0 1.551(refers to a shell v)4.231 F 1.551
+(is not a de\214ned alias.)2.68 E F1(unset)108 343.2 Q F0<5bad>2.5 E F1
+(fv)A F0 2.5(][)C F2(name)-2.5 E F0(...])2.5 E -.15(Fo)144 355.2 S 3.828
+(re).15 G(ach)-3.828 E F2(name)3.828 E F0 3.828(,r).18 G(emo)-3.828 E
+1.628 -.15(ve t)-.15 H 1.328(he corresponding v).15 F 1.327
+(ariable or function.)-.25 F 1.327(If the)6.327 F F1<ad76>3.827 E F0
+1.327(option is gi)3.827 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.327(n, each).15 F F2(name)
+144.36 367.2 Q F0 1.55(refers to a shell v)4.23 F 1.551
(ariable, and that v)-.25 F 1.551(ariable is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G
-4.05(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)4.05 G 1.55(riables may not be).25 F
-4.641(unset. If)144 302.4 R F1<ad66>4.641 E F0 2.141
-(is speci\214ed, each)4.641 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141
+4.051(d. Read-only).15 F -.25(va)4.051 G 1.551(riables may not be).25 F
+4.642(unset. If)144 379.2 R F1<ad66>4.642 E F0 2.142
+(is speci\214ed, each)4.642 F F2(name)5.001 E F0 2.141
(refers to a shell function, and the function de\214nition is)4.821 F
-(remo)144 314.4 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.899(d. If).15 F .399
-(no options are supplied, each)2.899 F F2(name)2.898 E F0 .398
-(refers to a v)2.898 F .398(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .398
-(ariable by that)-.25 F .578(name, an)144 326.4 R 3.078(yf)-.15 G .579
-(unction with that name is unset.)-3.078 F .579(Each unset v)5.579 F
-.579(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.079(df).15 G
-.579(rom the)-3.079 F(en)144 338.4 Q .046
+(remo)144 391.2 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.898(d. If).15 F .398
+(no options are supplied, each)2.898 F F2(name)2.898 E F0 .398
+(refers to a v)2.898 F .399(ariable; if there is no v)-.25 F .399
+(ariable by that)-.25 F .579(name, an)144 403.2 R 3.079(yf)-.15 G .579
+(unction with that name is unset.)-3.079 F .579(Each unset v)5.579 F
+.579(ariable or function is remo)-.25 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 3.078(df).15 G
+.578(rom the)-3.078 F(en)144 415.2 Q .045
(vironment passed to subsequent commands.)-.4 F .046(If an)5.046 F 2.546
-(yo)-.15 G(f)-2.546 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)2.545 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09
-E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.295 E F4(,)A F3(SEC-)2.295 E
-(ONDS)144 350.4 Q F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.64 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.64 E F4(,)
-A F3(FUNCN)2.64 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.64 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A F0
-(or)2.64 E F3(DIRST)2.89 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .39
-(are unset, the)2.64 F 2.891(yl)-.15 G .391(ose their spe-)-2.891 F .727
-(cial properties, e)144 362.4 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.227(ni).15 G 3.227(ft)
--3.227 G(he)-3.227 E 3.227(ya)-.15 G .727(re subsequently reset.)-3.227
-F .726(The e)5.727 F .726(xit status is true unless a)-.15 F F2(name)
-3.586 E F0 .726(is read-)3.406 F(only)144 374.4 Q(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108
-391.2 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 403.2 S .288
+(yo)-.15 G(f)-2.546 E/F3 9/Times-Bold@0 SF(COMP_W)2.546 E(ORDBREAKS)-.09
+E/F4 9/Times-Roman@0 SF(,)A F3(RANDOM)2.296 E F4(,)A F3(SEC-)2.296 E
+(ONDS)144 427.2 Q F4(,)A F3(LINENO)2.641 E F4(,)A F3(HISTCMD)2.641 E F4
+(,)A F3(FUNCN)2.641 E(AME)-.18 E F4(,)A F3(GR)2.64 E(OUPS)-.27 E F4(,)A
+F0(or)2.64 E F3(DIRST)2.89 E -.495(AC)-.81 G(K).495 E F0 .39
+(are unset, the)2.64 F 2.89(yl)-.15 G .39(ose their spe-)-2.89 F .726
+(cial properties, e)144 439.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.226(ni).15 G 3.226(ft)
+-3.226 G(he)-3.226 E 3.226(ya)-.15 G .726(re subsequently reset.)-3.226
+F .726(The e)5.726 F .727(xit status is true unless a)-.15 F F2(name)
+3.587 E F0 .727(is read-)3.407 F(only)144 451.2 Q(.)-.65 E F1(wait)108
+468 Q F0([)2.5 E F2 2.5(n.)C(..)-2.5 E F0(])A -.8(Wa)144 480 S .288
(it for each speci\214ed process and return its termination status.).8 F
-(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .288(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
-(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 415.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G
-.722(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722
-(ipeline are w)-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E
-F2(n)3.582 E F0(is)3.462 E 1.265(not gi)144 427.2 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.265
-(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.565 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
-(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.266
-(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.266 E F2(n)4.126 E F0 .457
-(speci\214es a non-e)144 439.2 R .457
+(Each)5.288 E F2(n)3.148 E F0 .287(may be a process ID or a)3.028 F .722
+(job speci\214cation; if a job spec is gi)144 492 R -.15(ve)-.25 G .722
+(n, all processes in that job').15 F 3.222(sp)-.55 G .722(ipeline are w)
+-3.222 F .722(aited for)-.1 F 5.722(.I)-.55 G(f)-5.722 E F2(n)3.583 E F0
+(is)3.463 E 1.266(not gi)144 504 R -.15(ve)-.25 G 1.266
+(n, all currently acti).15 F 1.566 -.15(ve c)-.25 H 1.265
+(hild processes are w).15 F 1.265(aited for)-.1 F 3.765(,a)-.4 G 1.265
+(nd the return status is zero.)-3.765 F(If)6.265 E F2(n)4.125 E F0 .456
+(speci\214es a non-e)144 516 R .457
(xistent process or job, the return status is 127.)-.15 F .457
-(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 451.2 S
+(Otherwise, the return status is the)5.457 F -.15(ex)144 528 S
(it status of the last process or job w).15 E(aited for)-.1 E(.)-.55 E
-/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 468 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
-480 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(22)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
+/F5 10.95/Times-Bold@0 SF(SEE ALSO)72 544.8 Q F0(bash\(1\), sh\(1\))108
+556.8 Q(GNU Bash-4.0)72 768 Q(2004 Apr 20)148.735 E(22)198.725 E 0 Cg EP
%%Trailer
end
%%EOF
%!PS-Adobe-3.0
%%Creator: groff version 1.19.2
-%%CreationDate: Mon Oct 24 08:43:45 2011
+%%CreationDate: Thu Dec 29 15:02:57 2011
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman
%%+ font Times-Bold
%%DocumentSuppliedResources: procset grops 1.19 2
Copyright (C) 1988-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@end ignore
-@set LASTCHANGE Wed Dec 7 17:34:29 EST 2011
+@set LASTCHANGE Thu Dec 29 10:38:39 EST 2011
@set EDITION 4.2
@set VERSION 4.2
-@set UPDATED 7 December 2011
+@set UPDATED 29 December 2011
@set UPDATED-MONTH December 2011
--- /dev/null
+# based on the cd completion function from the bash_completion package
+_comp_cd()
+{
+ local IFS=$' \t\n' # normalize IFS
+ local cur _skipdot _cdpath
+ local i j k
+
+ # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname
+ case "$2" in
+ \~*) eval cur="$2" ;;
+ *) cur=$2 ;;
+ esac
+
+ # no cdpath or absolute pathname -- straight directory completion
+ if [[ -z "${CDPATH:-}" ]] || [[ "$cur" == @(./*|../*|/*) ]]; then
+ # compgen prints paths one per line; could also use while loop
+ IFS=$'\n'
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -d -- "$cur") )
+ IFS=$' \t\n'
+ # CDPATH+directories in the current directory if not in CDPATH
+ else
+ IFS=$'\n'
+ _skipdot=false
+ # preprocess CDPATH to convert null directory names to .
+ _cdpath=${CDPATH/#:/.:}
+ _cdpath=${_cdpath//::/:.:}
+ _cdpath=${_cdpath/%:/:.}
+ for i in ${_cdpath//:/$'\n'}; do
+ if [[ $i -ef . ]]; then _skipdot=true; fi
+ k="${#COMPREPLY[@]}"
+ for j in $( compgen -d -- "$i/$cur" ); do
+ COMPREPLY[k++]=${j#$i/} # cut off directory
+ done
+ done
+ $_skipdot || COMPREPLY+=( $(compgen -d -- "$cur") )
+ IFS=$' \t\n'
+ fi
+
+ # variable names if appropriate shell option set and no completions
+ if shopt -q cdable_vars && [[ ${#COMPREPLY[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -v -- "$cur") )
+ fi
+
+ # append slash to passed directory name that is the only completion.
+ # readline will not do this if we complete from CDPATH
+ if [[ ${#COMPREPLY[@]} -eq 1 ]]; then
+ i=${COMPREPLY[0]} # shorthand
+ if [[ "$cur" == "$i" ]] && [[ "$i" != "*/" ]]; then
+ COMPREPLY[0]+=/
+ fi
+ fi
+ return 0
+}
+
+complete -o filenames -o nospace -o bashdefault -F _comp_cd cd
place_keywords_in_env, read_but_dont_execute,
just_one_command, unbound_vars_is_error, echo_input_at_read,
echo_command_at_execute, no_invisible_vars, noclobber,
- hashing_enabled, forced_interactive, privileged_mode,
+ hashing_enabled, forced_interactive, privileged_mode, jobs_m_flag,
asynchronous_notification, interactive_comments, no_symbolic_links,
function_trace_mode, error_trace_mode, pipefail_opt;
exit (1);
}
- /* We can only have job control if we are interactive. */
- if (interactive == 0)
+ /* We can only have job control if we are interactive unless we force it. */
+ if (interactive == 0 && force == 0)
{
job_control = 0;
original_pgrp = NO_PID;
t_errno = errno;
setpgid (0, original_pgrp);
shell_pgrp = original_pgrp;
+ errno = t_errno;
+ sys_error (_("cannot set terminal process group (%d)"), shell_pgrp);
job_control = 0;
}
}
@example
_completion_loader()
@{
- . "/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124
+ . "/etc/bash_completion.d/$1.sh" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 124
@}
complete -D -F _completion_loader
@end example
@node A Programmable Completion Example
@section A Programmable Completion Example
+The most common way to obtain additional completion functionality beyond
+the default actions @code{complete} and @code{compgen} provide is to use
+a shell function and bind it to a particular command using @code{complete -F}.
+
+The following function provides completions for the @code{cd} builtin.
+It is a reasonably good example of what shell functions must do when
+used for completion. This function uses the word passsed as @code{$2}
+to determine the directory name to complete. You can also use the
+@code{COMP_WORDS} array variable; the current word is indexed by the
+@code{COMP_CWORD} variable.
+
+The function relies on the @code{complete} and @code{compgen} builtins
+to do much of the work, adding only the things that the Bash @code{cd}
+does beyond accepting basic directory names:
+tilde expansion (@pxref{Tilde Expansion}),
+searching directories in @var{$CDPATH}, which is described above
+(@pxref{Bourne Shell Builtins}),
+and basic support for the @code{cdable_vars} shell option
+(@pxref{The Shopt Builtin}).
+@code{_comp_cd} modifies the value of @var{IFS} so that it contains only
+a newline to accommodate file names containing spaces and tabs --
+@code{compgen} prints the possible completions it generates one per line.
+
+Possible completions go into the @var{COMPREPLY} array variable, one
+completion per array element. The programmable completion system retrieves
+the completions from there when the function returns.
+
@example
# A completion function for the cd builtin
# based on the cd completion function from the bash_completion package
_comp_cd()
-{
- local IFS=$' \t\n' # normalize IFS
- local cur _skipdot
- local i j k
-
- # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname
- case "$2" in
- \~*) eval cur="$2" ;;
- *) cur=$2 ;;
- esac
-
- # no cdpath or absolute pathname -- straight directory completion
- if [[ -z "${CDPATH:-}" ]] || [[ "$cur" == @(./*|../*|/*) ]]; then
- # compgen prints paths one per line; could also use while loop
- IFS=$'\n'
- COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -d -- "$cur") )
- IFS=$' \t\n'
- # CDPATH+directories in the current directory if not in CDPATH
- else
- IFS=$'\n'
- _skipdot=false
- for i in ${CDPATH//:/$'\n'}; do
- if [[ $i -ef . ]]; then _skipdot=true; fi
- k="${#COMPREPLY[@]}"
- for j in $( compgen -d -- "$i/$cur" ); do
- COMPREPLY[k++]=${j#$i/} # cut off directory
- done
- done
- $_skipdot || COMPREPLY+=( $(compgen -d -- "$cur") )
- IFS=$' \t\n'
- fi
-
- # variable names if appropriate shell option set and no completions
- if shopt -q cdable_vars && [[ ${#COMPREPLY[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
- COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -v -- "$cur") )
- fi
-
- return 0
-}
+@{
+ local IFS=$' \t\n' # normalize IFS
+ local cur _skipdot _cdpath
+ local i j k
+
+ # Tilde expansion, with side effect of expanding tilde to full pathname
+ case "$2" in
+ \~*) eval cur="$2" ;;
+ *) cur=$2 ;;
+ esac
+
+ # no cdpath or absolute pathname -- straight directory completion
+ if [[ -z "$@{CDPATH:-@}" ]] || [[ "$cur" == @@(./*|../*|/*) ]]; then
+ # compgen prints paths one per line; could also use while loop
+ IFS=$'\n'
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -d -- "$cur") )
+ IFS=$' \t\n'
+ # CDPATH+directories in the current directory if not in CDPATH
+ else
+ IFS=$'\n'
+ _skipdot=false
+ # preprocess CDPATH to convert null directory names to .
+ _cdpath=$@{CDPATH/#:/.:@}
+ _cdpath=$@{_cdpath//::/:.:@}
+ _cdpath=$@{_cdpath/%:/:.@}
+ for i in $@{_cdpath//:/$'\n'@}; do
+ if [[ $i -ef . ]]; then _skipdot=true; fi
+ k="$@{#COMPREPLY[@@]@}"
+ for j in $( compgen -d -- "$i/$cur" ); do
+ COMPREPLY[k++]=$@{j#$i/@} # cut off directory
+ done
+ done
+ $_skipdot || COMPREPLY+=( $(compgen -d -- "$cur") )
+ IFS=$' \t\n'
+ fi
+
+ # variable names if appropriate shell option set and no completions
+ if shopt -q cdable_vars && [[ $@{#COMPREPLY[@@]@} -eq 0 ]]; then
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -v -- "$cur") )
+ fi
+
+ return 0
+@}
+@end example
+
+We install the completion function using the @option{-F} option to
+@code{complete}:
+@example
# Tell readline to quote appropriate and append slashes to directories;
# use the bash default completion for other arguments
complete -o filenames -o nospace -o bashdefault -F _comp_cd cd
-
@end example
+@noindent
+Since we'd like Bash and Readline to take care of some
+of the other details for us, we use several other options to tell Bash
+and Readline what to do. The @option{-o filenames} option tells Readline
+that the possible completions should be treated as filenames, and quoted
+appropriately. That option will also cause Readline to append a slash to
+filenames it can determine are directories (which is why we might want to
+extend @code{_comp_cd} to append a slash if we're using directories found
+via @var{CDPATH}: Readline can't tell those completions are directories).
+The @option{-o nospace} option tells Readline to not append a space
+character to the directory name, in case we want to append to it.
+The @option{-o bashdefault} option brings in the rest of the "Bash default"
+completions -- possible completion that Bash adds to the default Readline
+set. These include things like command name completion, variable completion
+for words beginning with @samp{@{}, completions containing pathname
+expansion patterns (@pxref{Filename Expansion}), and so on.
+
+Once installed using @code{complete}, @code{_comp_cd} will be called every
+time we attempt word completion for a @code{cd} command.
+
+Many more examples -- an extensive collection of completions for most of
+the common GNU, Unix, and Linux commands -- are available as part of the
+bash_completion project. This is installed by default on many GNU/Linux
+distributions. Originally written by Ian Macdonald, the project now lives
+at @url{http://bash-completion.alioth.debian.org/}. There are ports for
+other systems such as Solaris and Mac OS X.
+
+An older version of the bash_completion package is distributed with bash
+in the @file{examples/complete} subdirectory.
+
@end ifset
expand_aliases = posixly_correct; /* XXX - was 0 not posixly_correct */
no_line_editing = 1;
#if defined (JOB_CONTROL)
- set_job_control (0);
+ /* Even if the shell is not interactive, enable job control if the -i or
+ -m option is supplied at startup. */
+ set_job_control (forced_interactive||jobs_m_flag);
#endif /* JOB_CONTROL */
}
#endif
/* Initialize the data structures for storing and running jobs. */
- initialize_job_control (0);
+ initialize_job_control (jobs_m_flag);
/* Initialize input streams to null. */
initialize_bash_input ();
forced_interactive = interactive_shell = subshell_environment = 0;
expand_aliases = 0;
+ /* XXX - should we set jobs_m_flag to 0 here? */
+
#if defined (HISTORY)
bash_history_reinit (0);
#endif /* HISTORY */
projects / thirdparty / bash.git / commitdiff
