]> git.ipfire.org Git - thirdparty/git.git/commitdiff
Merge branch 'bc/object-id'
authorJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Mon, 19 Sep 2016 20:47:19 +0000 (13:47 -0700)
committerJunio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Mon, 19 Sep 2016 20:47:19 +0000 (13:47 -0700)
The "unsigned char sha1[20]" to "struct object_id" conversion
continues.  Notable changes in this round includes that ce->sha1,
i.e. the object name recorded in the cache_entry, turns into an
object_id.

It had merge conflicts with a few topics in flight (Christian's
"apply.c split", Dscho's "cat-file --filters" and Jeff Hostetler's
"status --porcelain-v2").  Extra sets of eyes double-checking for
mismerges are highly appreciated.

* bc/object-id:
  builtin/reset: convert to use struct object_id
  builtin/commit-tree: convert to struct object_id
  builtin/am: convert to struct object_id
  refs: add an update_ref_oid function.
  sha1_name: convert get_sha1_mb to struct object_id
  builtin/update-index: convert file to struct object_id
  notes: convert init_notes to use struct object_id
  builtin/rm: convert to use struct object_id
  builtin/blame: convert file to use struct object_id
  Convert read_mmblob to take struct object_id.
  notes-merge: convert struct notes_merge_pair to struct object_id
  builtin/checkout: convert some static functions to struct object_id
  streaming: make stream_blob_to_fd take struct object_id
  builtin: convert textconv_object to use struct object_id
  builtin/cat-file: convert some static functions to struct object_id
  builtin/cat-file: convert struct expand_data to use struct object_id
  builtin/log: convert some static functions to use struct object_id
  builtin/blame: convert struct origin to use struct object_id
  builtin/apply: convert static functions to struct object_id
  cache: convert struct cache_entry to use struct object_id

1  2 
apply.c
builtin/am.c
builtin/cat-file.c
builtin/log.c
builtin/submodule--helper.c
cache.h
diff.c
refs.c
refs.h
unpack-trees.c
wt-status.c

diff --combined apply.c
index 289cbd0b8c83c2b7c327688dbb7e70729bdf3a73,0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e32702153c787747ba423fbe60697ab2ce4db3a3
mode 100644,000000..100644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apply.c
@@@ -1,4988 -1,0 +1,4988 @@@
-       unsigned char sha1[20];
 +/*
 + * apply.c
 + *
 + * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
 + *
 + * This applies patches on top of some (arbitrary) version of the SCM.
 + *
 + */
 +
 +#include "cache.h"
 +#include "blob.h"
 +#include "delta.h"
 +#include "diff.h"
 +#include "dir.h"
 +#include "xdiff-interface.h"
 +#include "ll-merge.h"
 +#include "lockfile.h"
 +#include "parse-options.h"
 +#include "quote.h"
 +#include "rerere.h"
 +#include "apply.h"
 +
 +static void git_apply_config(void)
 +{
 +      git_config_get_string_const("apply.whitespace", &apply_default_whitespace);
 +      git_config_get_string_const("apply.ignorewhitespace", &apply_default_ignorewhitespace);
 +      git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 +}
 +
 +static int parse_whitespace_option(struct apply_state *state, const char *option)
 +{
 +      if (!option) {
 +              state->ws_error_action = warn_on_ws_error;
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +      if (!strcmp(option, "warn")) {
 +              state->ws_error_action = warn_on_ws_error;
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +      if (!strcmp(option, "nowarn")) {
 +              state->ws_error_action = nowarn_ws_error;
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +      if (!strcmp(option, "error")) {
 +              state->ws_error_action = die_on_ws_error;
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +      if (!strcmp(option, "error-all")) {
 +              state->ws_error_action = die_on_ws_error;
 +              state->squelch_whitespace_errors = 0;
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +      if (!strcmp(option, "strip") || !strcmp(option, "fix")) {
 +              state->ws_error_action = correct_ws_error;
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +      return error(_("unrecognized whitespace option '%s'"), option);
 +}
 +
 +static int parse_ignorewhitespace_option(struct apply_state *state,
 +                                               const char *option)
 +{
 +      if (!option || !strcmp(option, "no") ||
 +          !strcmp(option, "false") || !strcmp(option, "never") ||
 +          !strcmp(option, "none")) {
 +              state->ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +      if (!strcmp(option, "change")) {
 +              state->ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_change;
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +      return error(_("unrecognized whitespace ignore option '%s'"), option);
 +}
 +
 +int init_apply_state(struct apply_state *state,
 +                   const char *prefix,
 +                   struct lock_file *lock_file)
 +{
 +      memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
 +      state->prefix = prefix;
 +      state->prefix_length = state->prefix ? strlen(state->prefix) : 0;
 +      state->lock_file = lock_file;
 +      state->newfd = -1;
 +      state->apply = 1;
 +      state->line_termination = '\n';
 +      state->p_value = 1;
 +      state->p_context = UINT_MAX;
 +      state->squelch_whitespace_errors = 5;
 +      state->ws_error_action = warn_on_ws_error;
 +      state->ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
 +      state->linenr = 1;
 +      string_list_init(&state->fn_table, 0);
 +      string_list_init(&state->limit_by_name, 0);
 +      string_list_init(&state->symlink_changes, 0);
 +      strbuf_init(&state->root, 0);
 +
 +      git_apply_config();
 +      if (apply_default_whitespace && parse_whitespace_option(state, apply_default_whitespace))
 +              return -1;
 +      if (apply_default_ignorewhitespace && parse_ignorewhitespace_option(state, apply_default_ignorewhitespace))
 +              return -1;
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +void clear_apply_state(struct apply_state *state)
 +{
 +      string_list_clear(&state->limit_by_name, 0);
 +      string_list_clear(&state->symlink_changes, 0);
 +      strbuf_release(&state->root);
 +
 +      /* &state->fn_table is cleared at the end of apply_patch() */
 +}
 +
 +static void mute_routine(const char *msg, va_list params)
 +{
 +      /* do nothing */
 +}
 +
 +int check_apply_state(struct apply_state *state, int force_apply)
 +{
 +      int is_not_gitdir = !startup_info->have_repository;
 +
 +      if (state->apply_with_reject && state->threeway)
 +              return error("--reject and --3way cannot be used together.");
 +      if (state->cached && state->threeway)
 +              return error("--cached and --3way cannot be used together.");
 +      if (state->threeway) {
 +              if (is_not_gitdir)
 +                      return error(_("--3way outside a repository"));
 +              state->check_index = 1;
 +      }
 +      if (state->apply_with_reject) {
 +              state->apply = 1;
 +              if (state->apply_verbosity == verbosity_normal)
 +                      state->apply_verbosity = verbosity_verbose;
 +      }
 +      if (!force_apply && (state->diffstat || state->numstat || state->summary || state->check || state->fake_ancestor))
 +              state->apply = 0;
 +      if (state->check_index && is_not_gitdir)
 +              return error(_("--index outside a repository"));
 +      if (state->cached) {
 +              if (is_not_gitdir)
 +                      return error(_("--cached outside a repository"));
 +              state->check_index = 1;
 +      }
 +      if (state->check_index)
 +              state->unsafe_paths = 0;
 +      if (!state->lock_file)
 +              return error("BUG: state->lock_file should not be NULL");
 +
 +      if (state->apply_verbosity <= verbosity_silent) {
 +              state->saved_error_routine = get_error_routine();
 +              state->saved_warn_routine = get_warn_routine();
 +              set_error_routine(mute_routine);
 +              set_warn_routine(mute_routine);
 +      }
 +
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static void set_default_whitespace_mode(struct apply_state *state)
 +{
 +      if (!state->whitespace_option && !apply_default_whitespace)
 +              state->ws_error_action = (state->apply ? warn_on_ws_error : nowarn_ws_error);
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * This represents one "hunk" from a patch, starting with
 + * "@@ -oldpos,oldlines +newpos,newlines @@" marker.  The
 + * patch text is pointed at by patch, and its byte length
 + * is stored in size.  leading and trailing are the number
 + * of context lines.
 + */
 +struct fragment {
 +      unsigned long leading, trailing;
 +      unsigned long oldpos, oldlines;
 +      unsigned long newpos, newlines;
 +      /*
 +       * 'patch' is usually borrowed from buf in apply_patch(),
 +       * but some codepaths store an allocated buffer.
 +       */
 +      const char *patch;
 +      unsigned free_patch:1,
 +              rejected:1;
 +      int size;
 +      int linenr;
 +      struct fragment *next;
 +};
 +
 +/*
 + * When dealing with a binary patch, we reuse "leading" field
 + * to store the type of the binary hunk, either deflated "delta"
 + * or deflated "literal".
 + */
 +#define binary_patch_method leading
 +#define BINARY_DELTA_DEFLATED 1
 +#define BINARY_LITERAL_DEFLATED 2
 +
 +/*
 + * This represents a "patch" to a file, both metainfo changes
 + * such as creation/deletion, filemode and content changes represented
 + * as a series of fragments.
 + */
 +struct patch {
 +      char *new_name, *old_name, *def_name;
 +      unsigned int old_mode, new_mode;
 +      int is_new, is_delete;  /* -1 = unknown, 0 = false, 1 = true */
 +      int rejected;
 +      unsigned ws_rule;
 +      int lines_added, lines_deleted;
 +      int score;
 +      unsigned int is_toplevel_relative:1;
 +      unsigned int inaccurate_eof:1;
 +      unsigned int is_binary:1;
 +      unsigned int is_copy:1;
 +      unsigned int is_rename:1;
 +      unsigned int recount:1;
 +      unsigned int conflicted_threeway:1;
 +      unsigned int direct_to_threeway:1;
 +      struct fragment *fragments;
 +      char *result;
 +      size_t resultsize;
 +      char old_sha1_prefix[41];
 +      char new_sha1_prefix[41];
 +      struct patch *next;
 +
 +      /* three-way fallback result */
 +      struct object_id threeway_stage[3];
 +};
 +
 +static void free_fragment_list(struct fragment *list)
 +{
 +      while (list) {
 +              struct fragment *next = list->next;
 +              if (list->free_patch)
 +                      free((char *)list->patch);
 +              free(list);
 +              list = next;
 +      }
 +}
 +
 +static void free_patch(struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      free_fragment_list(patch->fragments);
 +      free(patch->def_name);
 +      free(patch->old_name);
 +      free(patch->new_name);
 +      free(patch->result);
 +      free(patch);
 +}
 +
 +static void free_patch_list(struct patch *list)
 +{
 +      while (list) {
 +              struct patch *next = list->next;
 +              free_patch(list);
 +              list = next;
 +      }
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * A line in a file, len-bytes long (includes the terminating LF,
 + * except for an incomplete line at the end if the file ends with
 + * one), and its contents hashes to 'hash'.
 + */
 +struct line {
 +      size_t len;
 +      unsigned hash : 24;
 +      unsigned flag : 8;
 +#define LINE_COMMON     1
 +#define LINE_PATCHED  2
 +};
 +
 +/*
 + * This represents a "file", which is an array of "lines".
 + */
 +struct image {
 +      char *buf;
 +      size_t len;
 +      size_t nr;
 +      size_t alloc;
 +      struct line *line_allocated;
 +      struct line *line;
 +};
 +
 +static uint32_t hash_line(const char *cp, size_t len)
 +{
 +      size_t i;
 +      uint32_t h;
 +      for (i = 0, h = 0; i < len; i++) {
 +              if (!isspace(cp[i])) {
 +                      h = h * 3 + (cp[i] & 0xff);
 +              }
 +      }
 +      return h;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Compare lines s1 of length n1 and s2 of length n2, ignoring
 + * whitespace difference. Returns 1 if they match, 0 otherwise
 + */
 +static int fuzzy_matchlines(const char *s1, size_t n1,
 +                          const char *s2, size_t n2)
 +{
 +      const char *last1 = s1 + n1 - 1;
 +      const char *last2 = s2 + n2 - 1;
 +      int result = 0;
 +
 +      /* ignore line endings */
 +      while ((*last1 == '\r') || (*last1 == '\n'))
 +              last1--;
 +      while ((*last2 == '\r') || (*last2 == '\n'))
 +              last2--;
 +
 +      /* skip leading whitespaces, if both begin with whitespace */
 +      if (s1 <= last1 && s2 <= last2 && isspace(*s1) && isspace(*s2)) {
 +              while (isspace(*s1) && (s1 <= last1))
 +                      s1++;
 +              while (isspace(*s2) && (s2 <= last2))
 +                      s2++;
 +      }
 +      /* early return if both lines are empty */
 +      if ((s1 > last1) && (s2 > last2))
 +              return 1;
 +      while (!result) {
 +              result = *s1++ - *s2++;
 +              /*
 +               * Skip whitespace inside. We check for whitespace on
 +               * both buffers because we don't want "a b" to match
 +               * "ab"
 +               */
 +              if (isspace(*s1) && isspace(*s2)) {
 +                      while (isspace(*s1) && s1 <= last1)
 +                              s1++;
 +                      while (isspace(*s2) && s2 <= last2)
 +                              s2++;
 +              }
 +              /*
 +               * If we reached the end on one side only,
 +               * lines don't match
 +               */
 +              if (
 +                  ((s2 > last2) && (s1 <= last1)) ||
 +                  ((s1 > last1) && (s2 <= last2)))
 +                      return 0;
 +              if ((s1 > last1) && (s2 > last2))
 +                      break;
 +      }
 +
 +      return !result;
 +}
 +
 +static void add_line_info(struct image *img, const char *bol, size_t len, unsigned flag)
 +{
 +      ALLOC_GROW(img->line_allocated, img->nr + 1, img->alloc);
 +      img->line_allocated[img->nr].len = len;
 +      img->line_allocated[img->nr].hash = hash_line(bol, len);
 +      img->line_allocated[img->nr].flag = flag;
 +      img->nr++;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * "buf" has the file contents to be patched (read from various sources).
 + * attach it to "image" and add line-based index to it.
 + * "image" now owns the "buf".
 + */
 +static void prepare_image(struct image *image, char *buf, size_t len,
 +                        int prepare_linetable)
 +{
 +      const char *cp, *ep;
 +
 +      memset(image, 0, sizeof(*image));
 +      image->buf = buf;
 +      image->len = len;
 +
 +      if (!prepare_linetable)
 +              return;
 +
 +      ep = image->buf + image->len;
 +      cp = image->buf;
 +      while (cp < ep) {
 +              const char *next;
 +              for (next = cp; next < ep && *next != '\n'; next++)
 +                      ;
 +              if (next < ep)
 +                      next++;
 +              add_line_info(image, cp, next - cp, 0);
 +              cp = next;
 +      }
 +      image->line = image->line_allocated;
 +}
 +
 +static void clear_image(struct image *image)
 +{
 +      free(image->buf);
 +      free(image->line_allocated);
 +      memset(image, 0, sizeof(*image));
 +}
 +
 +/* fmt must contain _one_ %s and no other substitution */
 +static void say_patch_name(FILE *output, const char *fmt, struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 +
 +      if (patch->old_name && patch->new_name &&
 +          strcmp(patch->old_name, patch->new_name)) {
 +              quote_c_style(patch->old_name, &sb, NULL, 0);
 +              strbuf_addstr(&sb, " => ");
 +              quote_c_style(patch->new_name, &sb, NULL, 0);
 +      } else {
 +              const char *n = patch->new_name;
 +              if (!n)
 +                      n = patch->old_name;
 +              quote_c_style(n, &sb, NULL, 0);
 +      }
 +      fprintf(output, fmt, sb.buf);
 +      fputc('\n', output);
 +      strbuf_release(&sb);
 +}
 +
 +#define SLOP (16)
 +
 +static int read_patch_file(struct strbuf *sb, int fd)
 +{
 +      if (strbuf_read(sb, fd, 0) < 0)
 +              return error_errno("git apply: failed to read");
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Make sure that we have some slop in the buffer
 +       * so that we can do speculative "memcmp" etc, and
 +       * see to it that it is NUL-filled.
 +       */
 +      strbuf_grow(sb, SLOP);
 +      memset(sb->buf + sb->len, 0, SLOP);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static unsigned long linelen(const char *buffer, unsigned long size)
 +{
 +      unsigned long len = 0;
 +      while (size--) {
 +              len++;
 +              if (*buffer++ == '\n')
 +                      break;
 +      }
 +      return len;
 +}
 +
 +static int is_dev_null(const char *str)
 +{
 +      return skip_prefix(str, "/dev/null", &str) && isspace(*str);
 +}
 +
 +#define TERM_SPACE    1
 +#define TERM_TAB      2
 +
 +static int name_terminate(int c, int terminate)
 +{
 +      if (c == ' ' && !(terminate & TERM_SPACE))
 +              return 0;
 +      if (c == '\t' && !(terminate & TERM_TAB))
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      return 1;
 +}
 +
 +/* remove double slashes to make --index work with such filenames */
 +static char *squash_slash(char *name)
 +{
 +      int i = 0, j = 0;
 +
 +      if (!name)
 +              return NULL;
 +
 +      while (name[i]) {
 +              if ((name[j++] = name[i++]) == '/')
 +                      while (name[i] == '/')
 +                              i++;
 +      }
 +      name[j] = '\0';
 +      return name;
 +}
 +
 +static char *find_name_gnu(struct apply_state *state,
 +                         const char *line,
 +                         const char *def,
 +                         int p_value)
 +{
 +      struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      char *cp;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Proposed "new-style" GNU patch/diff format; see
 +       * http://marc.info/?l=git&m=112927316408690&w=2
 +       */
 +      if (unquote_c_style(&name, line, NULL)) {
 +              strbuf_release(&name);
 +              return NULL;
 +      }
 +
 +      for (cp = name.buf; p_value; p_value--) {
 +              cp = strchr(cp, '/');
 +              if (!cp) {
 +                      strbuf_release(&name);
 +                      return NULL;
 +              }
 +              cp++;
 +      }
 +
 +      strbuf_remove(&name, 0, cp - name.buf);
 +      if (state->root.len)
 +              strbuf_insert(&name, 0, state->root.buf, state->root.len);
 +      return squash_slash(strbuf_detach(&name, NULL));
 +}
 +
 +static size_t sane_tz_len(const char *line, size_t len)
 +{
 +      const char *tz, *p;
 +
 +      if (len < strlen(" +0500") || line[len-strlen(" +0500")] != ' ')
 +              return 0;
 +      tz = line + len - strlen(" +0500");
 +
 +      if (tz[1] != '+' && tz[1] != '-')
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      for (p = tz + 2; p != line + len; p++)
 +              if (!isdigit(*p))
 +                      return 0;
 +
 +      return line + len - tz;
 +}
 +
 +static size_t tz_with_colon_len(const char *line, size_t len)
 +{
 +      const char *tz, *p;
 +
 +      if (len < strlen(" +08:00") || line[len - strlen(":00")] != ':')
 +              return 0;
 +      tz = line + len - strlen(" +08:00");
 +
 +      if (tz[0] != ' ' || (tz[1] != '+' && tz[1] != '-'))
 +              return 0;
 +      p = tz + 2;
 +      if (!isdigit(*p++) || !isdigit(*p++) || *p++ != ':' ||
 +          !isdigit(*p++) || !isdigit(*p++))
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      return line + len - tz;
 +}
 +
 +static size_t date_len(const char *line, size_t len)
 +{
 +      const char *date, *p;
 +
 +      if (len < strlen("72-02-05") || line[len-strlen("-05")] != '-')
 +              return 0;
 +      p = date = line + len - strlen("72-02-05");
 +
 +      if (!isdigit(*p++) || !isdigit(*p++) || *p++ != '-' ||
 +          !isdigit(*p++) || !isdigit(*p++) || *p++ != '-' ||
 +          !isdigit(*p++) || !isdigit(*p++))   /* Not a date. */
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      if (date - line >= strlen("19") &&
 +          isdigit(date[-1]) && isdigit(date[-2]))     /* 4-digit year */
 +              date -= strlen("19");
 +
 +      return line + len - date;
 +}
 +
 +static size_t short_time_len(const char *line, size_t len)
 +{
 +      const char *time, *p;
 +
 +      if (len < strlen(" 07:01:32") || line[len-strlen(":32")] != ':')
 +              return 0;
 +      p = time = line + len - strlen(" 07:01:32");
 +
 +      /* Permit 1-digit hours? */
 +      if (*p++ != ' ' ||
 +          !isdigit(*p++) || !isdigit(*p++) || *p++ != ':' ||
 +          !isdigit(*p++) || !isdigit(*p++) || *p++ != ':' ||
 +          !isdigit(*p++) || !isdigit(*p++))   /* Not a time. */
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      return line + len - time;
 +}
 +
 +static size_t fractional_time_len(const char *line, size_t len)
 +{
 +      const char *p;
 +      size_t n;
 +
 +      /* Expected format: 19:41:17.620000023 */
 +      if (!len || !isdigit(line[len - 1]))
 +              return 0;
 +      p = line + len - 1;
 +
 +      /* Fractional seconds. */
 +      while (p > line && isdigit(*p))
 +              p--;
 +      if (*p != '.')
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      /* Hours, minutes, and whole seconds. */
 +      n = short_time_len(line, p - line);
 +      if (!n)
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      return line + len - p + n;
 +}
 +
 +static size_t trailing_spaces_len(const char *line, size_t len)
 +{
 +      const char *p;
 +
 +      /* Expected format: ' ' x (1 or more)  */
 +      if (!len || line[len - 1] != ' ')
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      p = line + len;
 +      while (p != line) {
 +              p--;
 +              if (*p != ' ')
 +                      return line + len - (p + 1);
 +      }
 +
 +      /* All spaces! */
 +      return len;
 +}
 +
 +static size_t diff_timestamp_len(const char *line, size_t len)
 +{
 +      const char *end = line + len;
 +      size_t n;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Posix: 2010-07-05 19:41:17
 +       * GNU: 2010-07-05 19:41:17.620000023 -0500
 +       */
 +
 +      if (!isdigit(end[-1]))
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      n = sane_tz_len(line, end - line);
 +      if (!n)
 +              n = tz_with_colon_len(line, end - line);
 +      end -= n;
 +
 +      n = short_time_len(line, end - line);
 +      if (!n)
 +              n = fractional_time_len(line, end - line);
 +      end -= n;
 +
 +      n = date_len(line, end - line);
 +      if (!n) /* No date.  Too bad. */
 +              return 0;
 +      end -= n;
 +
 +      if (end == line)        /* No space before date. */
 +              return 0;
 +      if (end[-1] == '\t') {  /* Success! */
 +              end--;
 +              return line + len - end;
 +      }
 +      if (end[-1] != ' ')     /* No space before date. */
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      /* Whitespace damage. */
 +      end -= trailing_spaces_len(line, end - line);
 +      return line + len - end;
 +}
 +
 +static char *find_name_common(struct apply_state *state,
 +                            const char *line,
 +                            const char *def,
 +                            int p_value,
 +                            const char *end,
 +                            int terminate)
 +{
 +      int len;
 +      const char *start = NULL;
 +
 +      if (p_value == 0)
 +              start = line;
 +      while (line != end) {
 +              char c = *line;
 +
 +              if (!end && isspace(c)) {
 +                      if (c == '\n')
 +                              break;
 +                      if (name_terminate(c, terminate))
 +                              break;
 +              }
 +              line++;
 +              if (c == '/' && !--p_value)
 +                      start = line;
 +      }
 +      if (!start)
 +              return squash_slash(xstrdup_or_null(def));
 +      len = line - start;
 +      if (!len)
 +              return squash_slash(xstrdup_or_null(def));
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Generally we prefer the shorter name, especially
 +       * if the other one is just a variation of that with
 +       * something else tacked on to the end (ie "file.orig"
 +       * or "file~").
 +       */
 +      if (def) {
 +              int deflen = strlen(def);
 +              if (deflen < len && !strncmp(start, def, deflen))
 +                      return squash_slash(xstrdup(def));
 +      }
 +
 +      if (state->root.len) {
 +              char *ret = xstrfmt("%s%.*s", state->root.buf, len, start);
 +              return squash_slash(ret);
 +      }
 +
 +      return squash_slash(xmemdupz(start, len));
 +}
 +
 +static char *find_name(struct apply_state *state,
 +                     const char *line,
 +                     char *def,
 +                     int p_value,
 +                     int terminate)
 +{
 +      if (*line == '"') {
 +              char *name = find_name_gnu(state, line, def, p_value);
 +              if (name)
 +                      return name;
 +      }
 +
 +      return find_name_common(state, line, def, p_value, NULL, terminate);
 +}
 +
 +static char *find_name_traditional(struct apply_state *state,
 +                                 const char *line,
 +                                 char *def,
 +                                 int p_value)
 +{
 +      size_t len;
 +      size_t date_len;
 +
 +      if (*line == '"') {
 +              char *name = find_name_gnu(state, line, def, p_value);
 +              if (name)
 +                      return name;
 +      }
 +
 +      len = strchrnul(line, '\n') - line;
 +      date_len = diff_timestamp_len(line, len);
 +      if (!date_len)
 +              return find_name_common(state, line, def, p_value, NULL, TERM_TAB);
 +      len -= date_len;
 +
 +      return find_name_common(state, line, def, p_value, line + len, 0);
 +}
 +
 +static int count_slashes(const char *cp)
 +{
 +      int cnt = 0;
 +      char ch;
 +
 +      while ((ch = *cp++))
 +              if (ch == '/')
 +                      cnt++;
 +      return cnt;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Given the string after "--- " or "+++ ", guess the appropriate
 + * p_value for the given patch.
 + */
 +static int guess_p_value(struct apply_state *state, const char *nameline)
 +{
 +      char *name, *cp;
 +      int val = -1;
 +
 +      if (is_dev_null(nameline))
 +              return -1;
 +      name = find_name_traditional(state, nameline, NULL, 0);
 +      if (!name)
 +              return -1;
 +      cp = strchr(name, '/');
 +      if (!cp)
 +              val = 0;
 +      else if (state->prefix) {
 +              /*
 +               * Does it begin with "a/$our-prefix" and such?  Then this is
 +               * very likely to apply to our directory.
 +               */
 +              if (!strncmp(name, state->prefix, state->prefix_length))
 +                      val = count_slashes(state->prefix);
 +              else {
 +                      cp++;
 +                      if (!strncmp(cp, state->prefix, state->prefix_length))
 +                              val = count_slashes(state->prefix) + 1;
 +              }
 +      }
 +      free(name);
 +      return val;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Does the ---/+++ line have the POSIX timestamp after the last HT?
 + * GNU diff puts epoch there to signal a creation/deletion event.  Is
 + * this such a timestamp?
 + */
 +static int has_epoch_timestamp(const char *nameline)
 +{
 +      /*
 +       * We are only interested in epoch timestamp; any non-zero
 +       * fraction cannot be one, hence "(\.0+)?" in the regexp below.
 +       * For the same reason, the date must be either 1969-12-31 or
 +       * 1970-01-01, and the seconds part must be "00".
 +       */
 +      const char stamp_regexp[] =
 +              "^(1969-12-31|1970-01-01)"
 +              " "
 +              "[0-2][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]:00(\\.0+)?"
 +              " "
 +              "([-+][0-2][0-9]:?[0-5][0-9])\n";
 +      const char *timestamp = NULL, *cp, *colon;
 +      static regex_t *stamp;
 +      regmatch_t m[10];
 +      int zoneoffset;
 +      int hourminute;
 +      int status;
 +
 +      for (cp = nameline; *cp != '\n'; cp++) {
 +              if (*cp == '\t')
 +                      timestamp = cp + 1;
 +      }
 +      if (!timestamp)
 +              return 0;
 +      if (!stamp) {
 +              stamp = xmalloc(sizeof(*stamp));
 +              if (regcomp(stamp, stamp_regexp, REG_EXTENDED)) {
 +                      warning(_("Cannot prepare timestamp regexp %s"),
 +                              stamp_regexp);
 +                      return 0;
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      status = regexec(stamp, timestamp, ARRAY_SIZE(m), m, 0);
 +      if (status) {
 +              if (status != REG_NOMATCH)
 +                      warning(_("regexec returned %d for input: %s"),
 +                              status, timestamp);
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +
 +      zoneoffset = strtol(timestamp + m[3].rm_so + 1, (char **) &colon, 10);
 +      if (*colon == ':')
 +              zoneoffset = zoneoffset * 60 + strtol(colon + 1, NULL, 10);
 +      else
 +              zoneoffset = (zoneoffset / 100) * 60 + (zoneoffset % 100);
 +      if (timestamp[m[3].rm_so] == '-')
 +              zoneoffset = -zoneoffset;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss must be from either 1969-12-31
 +       * (west of GMT) or 1970-01-01 (east of GMT)
 +       */
 +      if ((zoneoffset < 0 && memcmp(timestamp, "1969-12-31", 10)) ||
 +          (0 <= zoneoffset && memcmp(timestamp, "1970-01-01", 10)))
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      hourminute = (strtol(timestamp + 11, NULL, 10) * 60 +
 +                    strtol(timestamp + 14, NULL, 10) -
 +                    zoneoffset);
 +
 +      return ((zoneoffset < 0 && hourminute == 1440) ||
 +              (0 <= zoneoffset && !hourminute));
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Get the name etc info from the ---/+++ lines of a traditional patch header
 + *
 + * FIXME! The end-of-filename heuristics are kind of screwy. For existing
 + * files, we can happily check the index for a match, but for creating a
 + * new file we should try to match whatever "patch" does. I have no idea.
 + */
 +static int parse_traditional_patch(struct apply_state *state,
 +                                 const char *first,
 +                                 const char *second,
 +                                 struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      char *name;
 +
 +      first += 4;     /* skip "--- " */
 +      second += 4;    /* skip "+++ " */
 +      if (!state->p_value_known) {
 +              int p, q;
 +              p = guess_p_value(state, first);
 +              q = guess_p_value(state, second);
 +              if (p < 0) p = q;
 +              if (0 <= p && p == q) {
 +                      state->p_value = p;
 +                      state->p_value_known = 1;
 +              }
 +      }
 +      if (is_dev_null(first)) {
 +              patch->is_new = 1;
 +              patch->is_delete = 0;
 +              name = find_name_traditional(state, second, NULL, state->p_value);
 +              patch->new_name = name;
 +      } else if (is_dev_null(second)) {
 +              patch->is_new = 0;
 +              patch->is_delete = 1;
 +              name = find_name_traditional(state, first, NULL, state->p_value);
 +              patch->old_name = name;
 +      } else {
 +              char *first_name;
 +              first_name = find_name_traditional(state, first, NULL, state->p_value);
 +              name = find_name_traditional(state, second, first_name, state->p_value);
 +              free(first_name);
 +              if (has_epoch_timestamp(first)) {
 +                      patch->is_new = 1;
 +                      patch->is_delete = 0;
 +                      patch->new_name = name;
 +              } else if (has_epoch_timestamp(second)) {
 +                      patch->is_new = 0;
 +                      patch->is_delete = 1;
 +                      patch->old_name = name;
 +              } else {
 +                      patch->old_name = name;
 +                      patch->new_name = xstrdup_or_null(name);
 +              }
 +      }
 +      if (!name)
 +              return error(_("unable to find filename in patch at line %d"), state->linenr);
 +
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_hdrend(struct apply_state *state,
 +                        const char *line,
 +                        struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      return 1;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * We're anal about diff header consistency, to make
 + * sure that we don't end up having strange ambiguous
 + * patches floating around.
 + *
 + * As a result, gitdiff_{old|new}name() will check
 + * their names against any previous information, just
 + * to make sure..
 + */
 +#define DIFF_OLD_NAME 0
 +#define DIFF_NEW_NAME 1
 +
 +static int gitdiff_verify_name(struct apply_state *state,
 +                             const char *line,
 +                             int isnull,
 +                             char **name,
 +                             int side)
 +{
 +      if (!*name && !isnull) {
 +              *name = find_name(state, line, NULL, state->p_value, TERM_TAB);
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (*name) {
 +              int len = strlen(*name);
 +              char *another;
 +              if (isnull)
 +                      return error(_("git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null, got %s on line %d"),
 +                                   *name, state->linenr);
 +              another = find_name(state, line, NULL, state->p_value, TERM_TAB);
 +              if (!another || memcmp(another, *name, len + 1)) {
 +                      free(another);
 +                      return error((side == DIFF_NEW_NAME) ?
 +                          _("git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent new filename on line %d") :
 +                          _("git apply: bad git-diff - inconsistent old filename on line %d"), state->linenr);
 +              }
 +              free(another);
 +      } else {
 +              /* expect "/dev/null" */
 +              if (memcmp("/dev/null", line, 9) || line[9] != '\n')
 +                      return error(_("git apply: bad git-diff - expected /dev/null on line %d"), state->linenr);
 +      }
 +
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_oldname(struct apply_state *state,
 +                         const char *line,
 +                         struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      return gitdiff_verify_name(state, line,
 +                                 patch->is_new, &patch->old_name,
 +                                 DIFF_OLD_NAME);
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_newname(struct apply_state *state,
 +                         const char *line,
 +                         struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      return gitdiff_verify_name(state, line,
 +                                 patch->is_delete, &patch->new_name,
 +                                 DIFF_NEW_NAME);
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_oldmode(struct apply_state *state,
 +                         const char *line,
 +                         struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      patch->old_mode = strtoul(line, NULL, 8);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_newmode(struct apply_state *state,
 +                         const char *line,
 +                         struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      patch->new_mode = strtoul(line, NULL, 8);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_delete(struct apply_state *state,
 +                        const char *line,
 +                        struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      patch->is_delete = 1;
 +      free(patch->old_name);
 +      patch->old_name = xstrdup_or_null(patch->def_name);
 +      return gitdiff_oldmode(state, line, patch);
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_newfile(struct apply_state *state,
 +                         const char *line,
 +                         struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      patch->is_new = 1;
 +      free(patch->new_name);
 +      patch->new_name = xstrdup_or_null(patch->def_name);
 +      return gitdiff_newmode(state, line, patch);
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_copysrc(struct apply_state *state,
 +                         const char *line,
 +                         struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      patch->is_copy = 1;
 +      free(patch->old_name);
 +      patch->old_name = find_name(state, line, NULL, state->p_value ? state->p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_copydst(struct apply_state *state,
 +                         const char *line,
 +                         struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      patch->is_copy = 1;
 +      free(patch->new_name);
 +      patch->new_name = find_name(state, line, NULL, state->p_value ? state->p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_renamesrc(struct apply_state *state,
 +                           const char *line,
 +                           struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      patch->is_rename = 1;
 +      free(patch->old_name);
 +      patch->old_name = find_name(state, line, NULL, state->p_value ? state->p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_renamedst(struct apply_state *state,
 +                           const char *line,
 +                           struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      patch->is_rename = 1;
 +      free(patch->new_name);
 +      patch->new_name = find_name(state, line, NULL, state->p_value ? state->p_value - 1 : 0, 0);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_similarity(struct apply_state *state,
 +                            const char *line,
 +                            struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      unsigned long val = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
 +      if (val <= 100)
 +              patch->score = val;
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_dissimilarity(struct apply_state *state,
 +                               const char *line,
 +                               struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      unsigned long val = strtoul(line, NULL, 10);
 +      if (val <= 100)
 +              patch->score = val;
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int gitdiff_index(struct apply_state *state,
 +                       const char *line,
 +                       struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      /*
 +       * index line is N hexadecimal, "..", N hexadecimal,
 +       * and optional space with octal mode.
 +       */
 +      const char *ptr, *eol;
 +      int len;
 +
 +      ptr = strchr(line, '.');
 +      if (!ptr || ptr[1] != '.' || 40 < ptr - line)
 +              return 0;
 +      len = ptr - line;
 +      memcpy(patch->old_sha1_prefix, line, len);
 +      patch->old_sha1_prefix[len] = 0;
 +
 +      line = ptr + 2;
 +      ptr = strchr(line, ' ');
 +      eol = strchrnul(line, '\n');
 +
 +      if (!ptr || eol < ptr)
 +              ptr = eol;
 +      len = ptr - line;
 +
 +      if (40 < len)
 +              return 0;
 +      memcpy(patch->new_sha1_prefix, line, len);
 +      patch->new_sha1_prefix[len] = 0;
 +      if (*ptr == ' ')
 +              patch->old_mode = strtoul(ptr+1, NULL, 8);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * This is normal for a diff that doesn't change anything: we'll fall through
 + * into the next diff. Tell the parser to break out.
 + */
 +static int gitdiff_unrecognized(struct apply_state *state,
 +                              const char *line,
 +                              struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      return 1;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Skip p_value leading components from "line"; as we do not accept
 + * absolute paths, return NULL in that case.
 + */
 +static const char *skip_tree_prefix(struct apply_state *state,
 +                                  const char *line,
 +                                  int llen)
 +{
 +      int nslash;
 +      int i;
 +
 +      if (!state->p_value)
 +              return (llen && line[0] == '/') ? NULL : line;
 +
 +      nslash = state->p_value;
 +      for (i = 0; i < llen; i++) {
 +              int ch = line[i];
 +              if (ch == '/' && --nslash <= 0)
 +                      return (i == 0) ? NULL : &line[i + 1];
 +      }
 +      return NULL;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * This is to extract the same name that appears on "diff --git"
 + * line.  We do not find and return anything if it is a rename
 + * patch, and it is OK because we will find the name elsewhere.
 + * We need to reliably find name only when it is mode-change only,
 + * creation or deletion of an empty file.  In any of these cases,
 + * both sides are the same name under a/ and b/ respectively.
 + */
 +static char *git_header_name(struct apply_state *state,
 +                           const char *line,
 +                           int llen)
 +{
 +      const char *name;
 +      const char *second = NULL;
 +      size_t len, line_len;
 +
 +      line += strlen("diff --git ");
 +      llen -= strlen("diff --git ");
 +
 +      if (*line == '"') {
 +              const char *cp;
 +              struct strbuf first = STRBUF_INIT;
 +              struct strbuf sp = STRBUF_INIT;
 +
 +              if (unquote_c_style(&first, line, &second))
 +                      goto free_and_fail1;
 +
 +              /* strip the a/b prefix including trailing slash */
 +              cp = skip_tree_prefix(state, first.buf, first.len);
 +              if (!cp)
 +                      goto free_and_fail1;
 +              strbuf_remove(&first, 0, cp - first.buf);
 +
 +              /*
 +               * second points at one past closing dq of name.
 +               * find the second name.
 +               */
 +              while ((second < line + llen) && isspace(*second))
 +                      second++;
 +
 +              if (line + llen <= second)
 +                      goto free_and_fail1;
 +              if (*second == '"') {
 +                      if (unquote_c_style(&sp, second, NULL))
 +                              goto free_and_fail1;
 +                      cp = skip_tree_prefix(state, sp.buf, sp.len);
 +                      if (!cp)
 +                              goto free_and_fail1;
 +                      /* They must match, otherwise ignore */
 +                      if (strcmp(cp, first.buf))
 +                              goto free_and_fail1;
 +                      strbuf_release(&sp);
 +                      return strbuf_detach(&first, NULL);
 +              }
 +
 +              /* unquoted second */
 +              cp = skip_tree_prefix(state, second, line + llen - second);
 +              if (!cp)
 +                      goto free_and_fail1;
 +              if (line + llen - cp != first.len ||
 +                  memcmp(first.buf, cp, first.len))
 +                      goto free_and_fail1;
 +              return strbuf_detach(&first, NULL);
 +
 +      free_and_fail1:
 +              strbuf_release(&first);
 +              strbuf_release(&sp);
 +              return NULL;
 +      }
 +
 +      /* unquoted first name */
 +      name = skip_tree_prefix(state, line, llen);
 +      if (!name)
 +              return NULL;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * since the first name is unquoted, a dq if exists must be
 +       * the beginning of the second name.
 +       */
 +      for (second = name; second < line + llen; second++) {
 +              if (*second == '"') {
 +                      struct strbuf sp = STRBUF_INIT;
 +                      const char *np;
 +
 +                      if (unquote_c_style(&sp, second, NULL))
 +                              goto free_and_fail2;
 +
 +                      np = skip_tree_prefix(state, sp.buf, sp.len);
 +                      if (!np)
 +                              goto free_and_fail2;
 +
 +                      len = sp.buf + sp.len - np;
 +                      if (len < second - name &&
 +                          !strncmp(np, name, len) &&
 +                          isspace(name[len])) {
 +                              /* Good */
 +                              strbuf_remove(&sp, 0, np - sp.buf);
 +                              return strbuf_detach(&sp, NULL);
 +                      }
 +
 +              free_and_fail2:
 +                      strbuf_release(&sp);
 +                      return NULL;
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Accept a name only if it shows up twice, exactly the same
 +       * form.
 +       */
 +      second = strchr(name, '\n');
 +      if (!second)
 +              return NULL;
 +      line_len = second - name;
 +      for (len = 0 ; ; len++) {
 +              switch (name[len]) {
 +              default:
 +                      continue;
 +              case '\n':
 +                      return NULL;
 +              case '\t': case ' ':
 +                      /*
 +                       * Is this the separator between the preimage
 +                       * and the postimage pathname?  Again, we are
 +                       * only interested in the case where there is
 +                       * no rename, as this is only to set def_name
 +                       * and a rename patch has the names elsewhere
 +                       * in an unambiguous form.
 +                       */
 +                      if (!name[len + 1])
 +                              return NULL; /* no postimage name */
 +                      second = skip_tree_prefix(state, name + len + 1,
 +                                                line_len - (len + 1));
 +                      if (!second)
 +                              return NULL;
 +                      /*
 +                       * Does len bytes starting at "name" and "second"
 +                       * (that are separated by one HT or SP we just
 +                       * found) exactly match?
 +                       */
 +                      if (second[len] == '\n' && !strncmp(name, second, len))
 +                              return xmemdupz(name, len);
 +              }
 +      }
 +}
 +
 +/* Verify that we recognize the lines following a git header */
 +static int parse_git_header(struct apply_state *state,
 +                          const char *line,
 +                          int len,
 +                          unsigned int size,
 +                          struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      unsigned long offset;
 +
 +      /* A git diff has explicit new/delete information, so we don't guess */
 +      patch->is_new = 0;
 +      patch->is_delete = 0;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Some things may not have the old name in the
 +       * rest of the headers anywhere (pure mode changes,
 +       * or removing or adding empty files), so we get
 +       * the default name from the header.
 +       */
 +      patch->def_name = git_header_name(state, line, len);
 +      if (patch->def_name && state->root.len) {
 +              char *s = xstrfmt("%s%s", state->root.buf, patch->def_name);
 +              free(patch->def_name);
 +              patch->def_name = s;
 +      }
 +
 +      line += len;
 +      size -= len;
 +      state->linenr++;
 +      for (offset = len ; size > 0 ; offset += len, size -= len, line += len, state->linenr++) {
 +              static const struct opentry {
 +                      const char *str;
 +                      int (*fn)(struct apply_state *, const char *, struct patch *);
 +              } optable[] = {
 +                      { "@@ -", gitdiff_hdrend },
 +                      { "--- ", gitdiff_oldname },
 +                      { "+++ ", gitdiff_newname },
 +                      { "old mode ", gitdiff_oldmode },
 +                      { "new mode ", gitdiff_newmode },
 +                      { "deleted file mode ", gitdiff_delete },
 +                      { "new file mode ", gitdiff_newfile },
 +                      { "copy from ", gitdiff_copysrc },
 +                      { "copy to ", gitdiff_copydst },
 +                      { "rename old ", gitdiff_renamesrc },
 +                      { "rename new ", gitdiff_renamedst },
 +                      { "rename from ", gitdiff_renamesrc },
 +                      { "rename to ", gitdiff_renamedst },
 +                      { "similarity index ", gitdiff_similarity },
 +                      { "dissimilarity index ", gitdiff_dissimilarity },
 +                      { "index ", gitdiff_index },
 +                      { "", gitdiff_unrecognized },
 +              };
 +              int i;
 +
 +              len = linelen(line, size);
 +              if (!len || line[len-1] != '\n')
 +                      break;
 +              for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(optable); i++) {
 +                      const struct opentry *p = optable + i;
 +                      int oplen = strlen(p->str);
 +                      int res;
 +                      if (len < oplen || memcmp(p->str, line, oplen))
 +                              continue;
 +                      res = p->fn(state, line + oplen, patch);
 +                      if (res < 0)
 +                              return -1;
 +                      if (res > 0)
 +                              return offset;
 +                      break;
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      return offset;
 +}
 +
 +static int parse_num(const char *line, unsigned long *p)
 +{
 +      char *ptr;
 +
 +      if (!isdigit(*line))
 +              return 0;
 +      *p = strtoul(line, &ptr, 10);
 +      return ptr - line;
 +}
 +
 +static int parse_range(const char *line, int len, int offset, const char *expect,
 +                     unsigned long *p1, unsigned long *p2)
 +{
 +      int digits, ex;
 +
 +      if (offset < 0 || offset >= len)
 +              return -1;
 +      line += offset;
 +      len -= offset;
 +
 +      digits = parse_num(line, p1);
 +      if (!digits)
 +              return -1;
 +
 +      offset += digits;
 +      line += digits;
 +      len -= digits;
 +
 +      *p2 = 1;
 +      if (*line == ',') {
 +              digits = parse_num(line+1, p2);
 +              if (!digits)
 +                      return -1;
 +
 +              offset += digits+1;
 +              line += digits+1;
 +              len -= digits+1;
 +      }
 +
 +      ex = strlen(expect);
 +      if (ex > len)
 +              return -1;
 +      if (memcmp(line, expect, ex))
 +              return -1;
 +
 +      return offset + ex;
 +}
 +
 +static void recount_diff(const char *line, int size, struct fragment *fragment)
 +{
 +      int oldlines = 0, newlines = 0, ret = 0;
 +
 +      if (size < 1) {
 +              warning("recount: ignore empty hunk");
 +              return;
 +      }
 +
 +      for (;;) {
 +              int len = linelen(line, size);
 +              size -= len;
 +              line += len;
 +
 +              if (size < 1)
 +                      break;
 +
 +              switch (*line) {
 +              case ' ': case '\n':
 +                      newlines++;
 +                      /* fall through */
 +              case '-':
 +                      oldlines++;
 +                      continue;
 +              case '+':
 +                      newlines++;
 +                      continue;
 +              case '\\':
 +                      continue;
 +              case '@':
 +                      ret = size < 3 || !starts_with(line, "@@ ");
 +                      break;
 +              case 'd':
 +                      ret = size < 5 || !starts_with(line, "diff ");
 +                      break;
 +              default:
 +                      ret = -1;
 +                      break;
 +              }
 +              if (ret) {
 +                      warning(_("recount: unexpected line: %.*s"),
 +                              (int)linelen(line, size), line);
 +                      return;
 +              }
 +              break;
 +      }
 +      fragment->oldlines = oldlines;
 +      fragment->newlines = newlines;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Parse a unified diff fragment header of the
 + * form "@@ -a,b +c,d @@"
 + */
 +static int parse_fragment_header(const char *line, int len, struct fragment *fragment)
 +{
 +      int offset;
 +
 +      if (!len || line[len-1] != '\n')
 +              return -1;
 +
 +      /* Figure out the number of lines in a fragment */
 +      offset = parse_range(line, len, 4, " +", &fragment->oldpos, &fragment->oldlines);
 +      offset = parse_range(line, len, offset, " @@", &fragment->newpos, &fragment->newlines);
 +
 +      return offset;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Find file diff header
 + *
 + * Returns:
 + *  -1 if no header was found
 + *  -128 in case of error
 + *   the size of the header in bytes (called "offset") otherwise
 + */
 +static int find_header(struct apply_state *state,
 +                     const char *line,
 +                     unsigned long size,
 +                     int *hdrsize,
 +                     struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      unsigned long offset, len;
 +
 +      patch->is_toplevel_relative = 0;
 +      patch->is_rename = patch->is_copy = 0;
 +      patch->is_new = patch->is_delete = -1;
 +      patch->old_mode = patch->new_mode = 0;
 +      patch->old_name = patch->new_name = NULL;
 +      for (offset = 0; size > 0; offset += len, size -= len, line += len, state->linenr++) {
 +              unsigned long nextlen;
 +
 +              len = linelen(line, size);
 +              if (!len)
 +                      break;
 +
 +              /* Testing this early allows us to take a few shortcuts.. */
 +              if (len < 6)
 +                      continue;
 +
 +              /*
 +               * Make sure we don't find any unconnected patch fragments.
 +               * That's a sign that we didn't find a header, and that a
 +               * patch has become corrupted/broken up.
 +               */
 +              if (!memcmp("@@ -", line, 4)) {
 +                      struct fragment dummy;
 +                      if (parse_fragment_header(line, len, &dummy) < 0)
 +                              continue;
 +                      error(_("patch fragment without header at line %d: %.*s"),
 +                                   state->linenr, (int)len-1, line);
 +                      return -128;
 +              }
 +
 +              if (size < len + 6)
 +                      break;
 +
 +              /*
 +               * Git patch? It might not have a real patch, just a rename
 +               * or mode change, so we handle that specially
 +               */
 +              if (!memcmp("diff --git ", line, 11)) {
 +                      int git_hdr_len = parse_git_header(state, line, len, size, patch);
 +                      if (git_hdr_len < 0)
 +                              return -128;
 +                      if (git_hdr_len <= len)
 +                              continue;
 +                      if (!patch->old_name && !patch->new_name) {
 +                              if (!patch->def_name) {
 +                                      error(Q_("git diff header lacks filename information when removing "
 +                                                      "%d leading pathname component (line %d)",
 +                                                      "git diff header lacks filename information when removing "
 +                                                      "%d leading pathname components (line %d)",
 +                                                      state->p_value),
 +                                                   state->p_value, state->linenr);
 +                                      return -128;
 +                              }
 +                              patch->old_name = xstrdup(patch->def_name);
 +                              patch->new_name = xstrdup(patch->def_name);
 +                      }
 +                      if (!patch->is_delete && !patch->new_name) {
 +                              error("git diff header lacks filename information "
 +                                           "(line %d)", state->linenr);
 +                              return -128;
 +                      }
 +                      patch->is_toplevel_relative = 1;
 +                      *hdrsize = git_hdr_len;
 +                      return offset;
 +              }
 +
 +              /* --- followed by +++ ? */
 +              if (memcmp("--- ", line,  4) || memcmp("+++ ", line + len, 4))
 +                      continue;
 +
 +              /*
 +               * We only accept unified patches, so we want it to
 +               * at least have "@@ -a,b +c,d @@\n", which is 14 chars
 +               * minimum ("@@ -0,0 +1 @@\n" is the shortest).
 +               */
 +              nextlen = linelen(line + len, size - len);
 +              if (size < nextlen + 14 || memcmp("@@ -", line + len + nextlen, 4))
 +                      continue;
 +
 +              /* Ok, we'll consider it a patch */
 +              if (parse_traditional_patch(state, line, line+len, patch))
 +                      return -128;
 +              *hdrsize = len + nextlen;
 +              state->linenr += 2;
 +              return offset;
 +      }
 +      return -1;
 +}
 +
 +static void record_ws_error(struct apply_state *state,
 +                          unsigned result,
 +                          const char *line,
 +                          int len,
 +                          int linenr)
 +{
 +      char *err;
 +
 +      if (!result)
 +              return;
 +
 +      state->whitespace_error++;
 +      if (state->squelch_whitespace_errors &&
 +          state->squelch_whitespace_errors < state->whitespace_error)
 +              return;
 +
 +      err = whitespace_error_string(result);
 +      if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent)
 +              fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: %s.\n%.*s\n",
 +                      state->patch_input_file, linenr, err, len, line);
 +      free(err);
 +}
 +
 +static void check_whitespace(struct apply_state *state,
 +                           const char *line,
 +                           int len,
 +                           unsigned ws_rule)
 +{
 +      unsigned result = ws_check(line + 1, len - 1, ws_rule);
 +
 +      record_ws_error(state, result, line + 1, len - 2, state->linenr);
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Parse a unified diff. Note that this really needs to parse each
 + * fragment separately, since the only way to know the difference
 + * between a "---" that is part of a patch, and a "---" that starts
 + * the next patch is to look at the line counts..
 + */
 +static int parse_fragment(struct apply_state *state,
 +                        const char *line,
 +                        unsigned long size,
 +                        struct patch *patch,
 +                        struct fragment *fragment)
 +{
 +      int added, deleted;
 +      int len = linelen(line, size), offset;
 +      unsigned long oldlines, newlines;
 +      unsigned long leading, trailing;
 +
 +      offset = parse_fragment_header(line, len, fragment);
 +      if (offset < 0)
 +              return -1;
 +      if (offset > 0 && patch->recount)
 +              recount_diff(line + offset, size - offset, fragment);
 +      oldlines = fragment->oldlines;
 +      newlines = fragment->newlines;
 +      leading = 0;
 +      trailing = 0;
 +
 +      /* Parse the thing.. */
 +      line += len;
 +      size -= len;
 +      state->linenr++;
 +      added = deleted = 0;
 +      for (offset = len;
 +           0 < size;
 +           offset += len, size -= len, line += len, state->linenr++) {
 +              if (!oldlines && !newlines)
 +                      break;
 +              len = linelen(line, size);
 +              if (!len || line[len-1] != '\n')
 +                      return -1;
 +              switch (*line) {
 +              default:
 +                      return -1;
 +              case '\n': /* newer GNU diff, an empty context line */
 +              case ' ':
 +                      oldlines--;
 +                      newlines--;
 +                      if (!deleted && !added)
 +                              leading++;
 +                      trailing++;
 +                      if (!state->apply_in_reverse &&
 +                          state->ws_error_action == correct_ws_error)
 +                              check_whitespace(state, line, len, patch->ws_rule);
 +                      break;
 +              case '-':
 +                      if (state->apply_in_reverse &&
 +                          state->ws_error_action != nowarn_ws_error)
 +                              check_whitespace(state, line, len, patch->ws_rule);
 +                      deleted++;
 +                      oldlines--;
 +                      trailing = 0;
 +                      break;
 +              case '+':
 +                      if (!state->apply_in_reverse &&
 +                          state->ws_error_action != nowarn_ws_error)
 +                              check_whitespace(state, line, len, patch->ws_rule);
 +                      added++;
 +                      newlines--;
 +                      trailing = 0;
 +                      break;
 +
 +              /*
 +               * We allow "\ No newline at end of file". Depending
 +               * on locale settings when the patch was produced we
 +               * don't know what this line looks like. The only
 +               * thing we do know is that it begins with "\ ".
 +               * Checking for 12 is just for sanity check -- any
 +               * l10n of "\ No newline..." is at least that long.
 +               */
 +              case '\\':
 +                      if (len < 12 || memcmp(line, "\\ ", 2))
 +                              return -1;
 +                      break;
 +              }
 +      }
 +      if (oldlines || newlines)
 +              return -1;
 +      if (!deleted && !added)
 +              return -1;
 +
 +      fragment->leading = leading;
 +      fragment->trailing = trailing;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * If a fragment ends with an incomplete line, we failed to include
 +       * it in the above loop because we hit oldlines == newlines == 0
 +       * before seeing it.
 +       */
 +      if (12 < size && !memcmp(line, "\\ ", 2))
 +              offset += linelen(line, size);
 +
 +      patch->lines_added += added;
 +      patch->lines_deleted += deleted;
 +
 +      if (0 < patch->is_new && oldlines)
 +              return error(_("new file depends on old contents"));
 +      if (0 < patch->is_delete && newlines)
 +              return error(_("deleted file still has contents"));
 +      return offset;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * We have seen "diff --git a/... b/..." header (or a traditional patch
 + * header).  Read hunks that belong to this patch into fragments and hang
 + * them to the given patch structure.
 + *
 + * The (fragment->patch, fragment->size) pair points into the memory given
 + * by the caller, not a copy, when we return.
 + *
 + * Returns:
 + *   -1 in case of error,
 + *   the number of bytes in the patch otherwise.
 + */
 +static int parse_single_patch(struct apply_state *state,
 +                            const char *line,
 +                            unsigned long size,
 +                            struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      unsigned long offset = 0;
 +      unsigned long oldlines = 0, newlines = 0, context = 0;
 +      struct fragment **fragp = &patch->fragments;
 +
 +      while (size > 4 && !memcmp(line, "@@ -", 4)) {
 +              struct fragment *fragment;
 +              int len;
 +
 +              fragment = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*fragment));
 +              fragment->linenr = state->linenr;
 +              len = parse_fragment(state, line, size, patch, fragment);
 +              if (len <= 0) {
 +                      free(fragment);
 +                      return error(_("corrupt patch at line %d"), state->linenr);
 +              }
 +              fragment->patch = line;
 +              fragment->size = len;
 +              oldlines += fragment->oldlines;
 +              newlines += fragment->newlines;
 +              context += fragment->leading + fragment->trailing;
 +
 +              *fragp = fragment;
 +              fragp = &fragment->next;
 +
 +              offset += len;
 +              line += len;
 +              size -= len;
 +      }
 +
 +      /*
 +       * If something was removed (i.e. we have old-lines) it cannot
 +       * be creation, and if something was added it cannot be
 +       * deletion.  However, the reverse is not true; --unified=0
 +       * patches that only add are not necessarily creation even
 +       * though they do not have any old lines, and ones that only
 +       * delete are not necessarily deletion.
 +       *
 +       * Unfortunately, a real creation/deletion patch do _not_ have
 +       * any context line by definition, so we cannot safely tell it
 +       * apart with --unified=0 insanity.  At least if the patch has
 +       * more than one hunk it is not creation or deletion.
 +       */
 +      if (patch->is_new < 0 &&
 +          (oldlines || (patch->fragments && patch->fragments->next)))
 +              patch->is_new = 0;
 +      if (patch->is_delete < 0 &&
 +          (newlines || (patch->fragments && patch->fragments->next)))
 +              patch->is_delete = 0;
 +
 +      if (0 < patch->is_new && oldlines)
 +              return error(_("new file %s depends on old contents"), patch->new_name);
 +      if (0 < patch->is_delete && newlines)
 +              return error(_("deleted file %s still has contents"), patch->old_name);
 +      if (!patch->is_delete && !newlines && context && state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent)
 +              fprintf_ln(stderr,
 +                         _("** warning: "
 +                           "file %s becomes empty but is not deleted"),
 +                         patch->new_name);
 +
 +      return offset;
 +}
 +
 +static inline int metadata_changes(struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      return  patch->is_rename > 0 ||
 +              patch->is_copy > 0 ||
 +              patch->is_new > 0 ||
 +              patch->is_delete ||
 +              (patch->old_mode && patch->new_mode &&
 +               patch->old_mode != patch->new_mode);
 +}
 +
 +static char *inflate_it(const void *data, unsigned long size,
 +                      unsigned long inflated_size)
 +{
 +      git_zstream stream;
 +      void *out;
 +      int st;
 +
 +      memset(&stream, 0, sizeof(stream));
 +
 +      stream.next_in = (unsigned char *)data;
 +      stream.avail_in = size;
 +      stream.next_out = out = xmalloc(inflated_size);
 +      stream.avail_out = inflated_size;
 +      git_inflate_init(&stream);
 +      st = git_inflate(&stream, Z_FINISH);
 +      git_inflate_end(&stream);
 +      if ((st != Z_STREAM_END) || stream.total_out != inflated_size) {
 +              free(out);
 +              return NULL;
 +      }
 +      return out;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Read a binary hunk and return a new fragment; fragment->patch
 + * points at an allocated memory that the caller must free, so
 + * it is marked as "->free_patch = 1".
 + */
 +static struct fragment *parse_binary_hunk(struct apply_state *state,
 +                                        char **buf_p,
 +                                        unsigned long *sz_p,
 +                                        int *status_p,
 +                                        int *used_p)
 +{
 +      /*
 +       * Expect a line that begins with binary patch method ("literal"
 +       * or "delta"), followed by the length of data before deflating.
 +       * a sequence of 'length-byte' followed by base-85 encoded data
 +       * should follow, terminated by a newline.
 +       *
 +       * Each 5-byte sequence of base-85 encodes up to 4 bytes,
 +       * and we would limit the patch line to 66 characters,
 +       * so one line can fit up to 13 groups that would decode
 +       * to 52 bytes max.  The length byte 'A'-'Z' corresponds
 +       * to 1-26 bytes, and 'a'-'z' corresponds to 27-52 bytes.
 +       */
 +      int llen, used;
 +      unsigned long size = *sz_p;
 +      char *buffer = *buf_p;
 +      int patch_method;
 +      unsigned long origlen;
 +      char *data = NULL;
 +      int hunk_size = 0;
 +      struct fragment *frag;
 +
 +      llen = linelen(buffer, size);
 +      used = llen;
 +
 +      *status_p = 0;
 +
 +      if (starts_with(buffer, "delta ")) {
 +              patch_method = BINARY_DELTA_DEFLATED;
 +              origlen = strtoul(buffer + 6, NULL, 10);
 +      }
 +      else if (starts_with(buffer, "literal ")) {
 +              patch_method = BINARY_LITERAL_DEFLATED;
 +              origlen = strtoul(buffer + 8, NULL, 10);
 +      }
 +      else
 +              return NULL;
 +
 +      state->linenr++;
 +      buffer += llen;
 +      while (1) {
 +              int byte_length, max_byte_length, newsize;
 +              llen = linelen(buffer, size);
 +              used += llen;
 +              state->linenr++;
 +              if (llen == 1) {
 +                      /* consume the blank line */
 +                      buffer++;
 +                      size--;
 +                      break;
 +              }
 +              /*
 +               * Minimum line is "A00000\n" which is 7-byte long,
 +               * and the line length must be multiple of 5 plus 2.
 +               */
 +              if ((llen < 7) || (llen-2) % 5)
 +                      goto corrupt;
 +              max_byte_length = (llen - 2) / 5 * 4;
 +              byte_length = *buffer;
 +              if ('A' <= byte_length && byte_length <= 'Z')
 +                      byte_length = byte_length - 'A' + 1;
 +              else if ('a' <= byte_length && byte_length <= 'z')
 +                      byte_length = byte_length - 'a' + 27;
 +              else
 +                      goto corrupt;
 +              /* if the input length was not multiple of 4, we would
 +               * have filler at the end but the filler should never
 +               * exceed 3 bytes
 +               */
 +              if (max_byte_length < byte_length ||
 +                  byte_length <= max_byte_length - 4)
 +                      goto corrupt;
 +              newsize = hunk_size + byte_length;
 +              data = xrealloc(data, newsize);
 +              if (decode_85(data + hunk_size, buffer + 1, byte_length))
 +                      goto corrupt;
 +              hunk_size = newsize;
 +              buffer += llen;
 +              size -= llen;
 +      }
 +
 +      frag = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*frag));
 +      frag->patch = inflate_it(data, hunk_size, origlen);
 +      frag->free_patch = 1;
 +      if (!frag->patch)
 +              goto corrupt;
 +      free(data);
 +      frag->size = origlen;
 +      *buf_p = buffer;
 +      *sz_p = size;
 +      *used_p = used;
 +      frag->binary_patch_method = patch_method;
 +      return frag;
 +
 + corrupt:
 +      free(data);
 +      *status_p = -1;
 +      error(_("corrupt binary patch at line %d: %.*s"),
 +            state->linenr-1, llen-1, buffer);
 +      return NULL;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Returns:
 + *   -1 in case of error,
 + *   the length of the parsed binary patch otherwise
 + */
 +static int parse_binary(struct apply_state *state,
 +                      char *buffer,
 +                      unsigned long size,
 +                      struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      /*
 +       * We have read "GIT binary patch\n"; what follows is a line
 +       * that says the patch method (currently, either "literal" or
 +       * "delta") and the length of data before deflating; a
 +       * sequence of 'length-byte' followed by base-85 encoded data
 +       * follows.
 +       *
 +       * When a binary patch is reversible, there is another binary
 +       * hunk in the same format, starting with patch method (either
 +       * "literal" or "delta") with the length of data, and a sequence
 +       * of length-byte + base-85 encoded data, terminated with another
 +       * empty line.  This data, when applied to the postimage, produces
 +       * the preimage.
 +       */
 +      struct fragment *forward;
 +      struct fragment *reverse;
 +      int status;
 +      int used, used_1;
 +
 +      forward = parse_binary_hunk(state, &buffer, &size, &status, &used);
 +      if (!forward && !status)
 +              /* there has to be one hunk (forward hunk) */
 +              return error(_("unrecognized binary patch at line %d"), state->linenr-1);
 +      if (status)
 +              /* otherwise we already gave an error message */
 +              return status;
 +
 +      reverse = parse_binary_hunk(state, &buffer, &size, &status, &used_1);
 +      if (reverse)
 +              used += used_1;
 +      else if (status) {
 +              /*
 +               * Not having reverse hunk is not an error, but having
 +               * a corrupt reverse hunk is.
 +               */
 +              free((void*) forward->patch);
 +              free(forward);
 +              return status;
 +      }
 +      forward->next = reverse;
 +      patch->fragments = forward;
 +      patch->is_binary = 1;
 +      return used;
 +}
 +
 +static void prefix_one(struct apply_state *state, char **name)
 +{
 +      char *old_name = *name;
 +      if (!old_name)
 +              return;
 +      *name = xstrdup(prefix_filename(state->prefix, state->prefix_length, *name));
 +      free(old_name);
 +}
 +
 +static void prefix_patch(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *p)
 +{
 +      if (!state->prefix || p->is_toplevel_relative)
 +              return;
 +      prefix_one(state, &p->new_name);
 +      prefix_one(state, &p->old_name);
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * include/exclude
 + */
 +
 +static void add_name_limit(struct apply_state *state,
 +                         const char *name,
 +                         int exclude)
 +{
 +      struct string_list_item *it;
 +
 +      it = string_list_append(&state->limit_by_name, name);
 +      it->util = exclude ? NULL : (void *) 1;
 +}
 +
 +static int use_patch(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *p)
 +{
 +      const char *pathname = p->new_name ? p->new_name : p->old_name;
 +      int i;
 +
 +      /* Paths outside are not touched regardless of "--include" */
 +      if (0 < state->prefix_length) {
 +              int pathlen = strlen(pathname);
 +              if (pathlen <= state->prefix_length ||
 +                  memcmp(state->prefix, pathname, state->prefix_length))
 +                      return 0;
 +      }
 +
 +      /* See if it matches any of exclude/include rule */
 +      for (i = 0; i < state->limit_by_name.nr; i++) {
 +              struct string_list_item *it = &state->limit_by_name.items[i];
 +              if (!wildmatch(it->string, pathname, 0, NULL))
 +                      return (it->util != NULL);
 +      }
 +
 +      /*
 +       * If we had any include, a path that does not match any rule is
 +       * not used.  Otherwise, we saw bunch of exclude rules (or none)
 +       * and such a path is used.
 +       */
 +      return !state->has_include;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Read the patch text in "buffer" that extends for "size" bytes; stop
 + * reading after seeing a single patch (i.e. changes to a single file).
 + * Create fragments (i.e. patch hunks) and hang them to the given patch.
 + *
 + * Returns:
 + *   -1 if no header was found or parse_binary() failed,
 + *   -128 on another error,
 + *   the number of bytes consumed otherwise,
 + *     so that the caller can call us again for the next patch.
 + */
 +static int parse_chunk(struct apply_state *state, char *buffer, unsigned long size, struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      int hdrsize, patchsize;
 +      int offset = find_header(state, buffer, size, &hdrsize, patch);
 +
 +      if (offset < 0)
 +              return offset;
 +
 +      prefix_patch(state, patch);
 +
 +      if (!use_patch(state, patch))
 +              patch->ws_rule = 0;
 +      else
 +              patch->ws_rule = whitespace_rule(patch->new_name
 +                                               ? patch->new_name
 +                                               : patch->old_name);
 +
 +      patchsize = parse_single_patch(state,
 +                                     buffer + offset + hdrsize,
 +                                     size - offset - hdrsize,
 +                                     patch);
 +
 +      if (patchsize < 0)
 +              return -128;
 +
 +      if (!patchsize) {
 +              static const char git_binary[] = "GIT binary patch\n";
 +              int hd = hdrsize + offset;
 +              unsigned long llen = linelen(buffer + hd, size - hd);
 +
 +              if (llen == sizeof(git_binary) - 1 &&
 +                  !memcmp(git_binary, buffer + hd, llen)) {
 +                      int used;
 +                      state->linenr++;
 +                      used = parse_binary(state, buffer + hd + llen,
 +                                          size - hd - llen, patch);
 +                      if (used < 0)
 +                              return -1;
 +                      if (used)
 +                              patchsize = used + llen;
 +                      else
 +                              patchsize = 0;
 +              }
 +              else if (!memcmp(" differ\n", buffer + hd + llen - 8, 8)) {
 +                      static const char *binhdr[] = {
 +                              "Binary files ",
 +                              "Files ",
 +                              NULL,
 +                      };
 +                      int i;
 +                      for (i = 0; binhdr[i]; i++) {
 +                              int len = strlen(binhdr[i]);
 +                              if (len < size - hd &&
 +                                  !memcmp(binhdr[i], buffer + hd, len)) {
 +                                      state->linenr++;
 +                                      patch->is_binary = 1;
 +                                      patchsize = llen;
 +                                      break;
 +                              }
 +                      }
 +              }
 +
 +              /* Empty patch cannot be applied if it is a text patch
 +               * without metadata change.  A binary patch appears
 +               * empty to us here.
 +               */
 +              if ((state->apply || state->check) &&
 +                  (!patch->is_binary && !metadata_changes(patch))) {
 +                      error(_("patch with only garbage at line %d"), state->linenr);
 +                      return -128;
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      return offset + hdrsize + patchsize;
 +}
 +
 +#define swap(a,b) myswap((a),(b),sizeof(a))
 +
 +#define myswap(a, b, size) do {               \
 +      unsigned char mytmp[size];      \
 +      memcpy(mytmp, &a, size);                \
 +      memcpy(&a, &b, size);           \
 +      memcpy(&b, mytmp, size);                \
 +} while (0)
 +
 +static void reverse_patches(struct patch *p)
 +{
 +      for (; p; p = p->next) {
 +              struct fragment *frag = p->fragments;
 +
 +              swap(p->new_name, p->old_name);
 +              swap(p->new_mode, p->old_mode);
 +              swap(p->is_new, p->is_delete);
 +              swap(p->lines_added, p->lines_deleted);
 +              swap(p->old_sha1_prefix, p->new_sha1_prefix);
 +
 +              for (; frag; frag = frag->next) {
 +                      swap(frag->newpos, frag->oldpos);
 +                      swap(frag->newlines, frag->oldlines);
 +              }
 +      }
 +}
 +
 +static const char pluses[] =
 +"++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++";
 +static const char minuses[]=
 +"----------------------------------------------------------------------";
 +
 +static void show_stats(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      struct strbuf qname = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      char *cp = patch->new_name ? patch->new_name : patch->old_name;
 +      int max, add, del;
 +
 +      quote_c_style(cp, &qname, NULL, 0);
 +
 +      /*
 +       * "scale" the filename
 +       */
 +      max = state->max_len;
 +      if (max > 50)
 +              max = 50;
 +
 +      if (qname.len > max) {
 +              cp = strchr(qname.buf + qname.len + 3 - max, '/');
 +              if (!cp)
 +                      cp = qname.buf + qname.len + 3 - max;
 +              strbuf_splice(&qname, 0, cp - qname.buf, "...", 3);
 +      }
 +
 +      if (patch->is_binary) {
 +              printf(" %-*s |  Bin\n", max, qname.buf);
 +              strbuf_release(&qname);
 +              return;
 +      }
 +
 +      printf(" %-*s |", max, qname.buf);
 +      strbuf_release(&qname);
 +
 +      /*
 +       * scale the add/delete
 +       */
 +      max = max + state->max_change > 70 ? 70 - max : state->max_change;
 +      add = patch->lines_added;
 +      del = patch->lines_deleted;
 +
 +      if (state->max_change > 0) {
 +              int total = ((add + del) * max + state->max_change / 2) / state->max_change;
 +              add = (add * max + state->max_change / 2) / state->max_change;
 +              del = total - add;
 +      }
 +      printf("%5d %.*s%.*s\n", patch->lines_added + patch->lines_deleted,
 +              add, pluses, del, minuses);
 +}
 +
 +static int read_old_data(struct stat *st, const char *path, struct strbuf *buf)
 +{
 +      switch (st->st_mode & S_IFMT) {
 +      case S_IFLNK:
 +              if (strbuf_readlink(buf, path, st->st_size) < 0)
 +                      return error(_("unable to read symlink %s"), path);
 +              return 0;
 +      case S_IFREG:
 +              if (strbuf_read_file(buf, path, st->st_size) != st->st_size)
 +                      return error(_("unable to open or read %s"), path);
 +              convert_to_git(path, buf->buf, buf->len, buf, 0);
 +              return 0;
 +      default:
 +              return -1;
 +      }
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Update the preimage, and the common lines in postimage,
 + * from buffer buf of length len. If postlen is 0 the postimage
 + * is updated in place, otherwise it's updated on a new buffer
 + * of length postlen
 + */
 +
 +static void update_pre_post_images(struct image *preimage,
 +                                 struct image *postimage,
 +                                 char *buf,
 +                                 size_t len, size_t postlen)
 +{
 +      int i, ctx, reduced;
 +      char *new, *old, *fixed;
 +      struct image fixed_preimage;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Update the preimage with whitespace fixes.  Note that we
 +       * are not losing preimage->buf -- apply_one_fragment() will
 +       * free "oldlines".
 +       */
 +      prepare_image(&fixed_preimage, buf, len, 1);
 +      assert(postlen
 +             ? fixed_preimage.nr == preimage->nr
 +             : fixed_preimage.nr <= preimage->nr);
 +      for (i = 0; i < fixed_preimage.nr; i++)
 +              fixed_preimage.line[i].flag = preimage->line[i].flag;
 +      free(preimage->line_allocated);
 +      *preimage = fixed_preimage;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Adjust the common context lines in postimage. This can be
 +       * done in-place when we are shrinking it with whitespace
 +       * fixing, but needs a new buffer when ignoring whitespace or
 +       * expanding leading tabs to spaces.
 +       *
 +       * We trust the caller to tell us if the update can be done
 +       * in place (postlen==0) or not.
 +       */
 +      old = postimage->buf;
 +      if (postlen)
 +              new = postimage->buf = xmalloc(postlen);
 +      else
 +              new = old;
 +      fixed = preimage->buf;
 +
 +      for (i = reduced = ctx = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
 +              size_t l_len = postimage->line[i].len;
 +              if (!(postimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)) {
 +                      /* an added line -- no counterparts in preimage */
 +                      memmove(new, old, l_len);
 +                      old += l_len;
 +                      new += l_len;
 +                      continue;
 +              }
 +
 +              /* a common context -- skip it in the original postimage */
 +              old += l_len;
 +
 +              /* and find the corresponding one in the fixed preimage */
 +              while (ctx < preimage->nr &&
 +                     !(preimage->line[ctx].flag & LINE_COMMON)) {
 +                      fixed += preimage->line[ctx].len;
 +                      ctx++;
 +              }
 +
 +              /*
 +               * preimage is expected to run out, if the caller
 +               * fixed addition of trailing blank lines.
 +               */
 +              if (preimage->nr <= ctx) {
 +                      reduced++;
 +                      continue;
 +              }
 +
 +              /* and copy it in, while fixing the line length */
 +              l_len = preimage->line[ctx].len;
 +              memcpy(new, fixed, l_len);
 +              new += l_len;
 +              fixed += l_len;
 +              postimage->line[i].len = l_len;
 +              ctx++;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (postlen
 +          ? postlen < new - postimage->buf
 +          : postimage->len < new - postimage->buf)
 +              die("BUG: caller miscounted postlen: asked %d, orig = %d, used = %d",
 +                  (int)postlen, (int) postimage->len, (int)(new - postimage->buf));
 +
 +      /* Fix the length of the whole thing */
 +      postimage->len = new - postimage->buf;
 +      postimage->nr -= reduced;
 +}
 +
 +static int line_by_line_fuzzy_match(struct image *img,
 +                                  struct image *preimage,
 +                                  struct image *postimage,
 +                                  unsigned long try,
 +                                  int try_lno,
 +                                  int preimage_limit)
 +{
 +      int i;
 +      size_t imgoff = 0;
 +      size_t preoff = 0;
 +      size_t postlen = postimage->len;
 +      size_t extra_chars;
 +      char *buf;
 +      char *preimage_eof;
 +      char *preimage_end;
 +      struct strbuf fixed;
 +      char *fixed_buf;
 +      size_t fixed_len;
 +
 +      for (i = 0; i < preimage_limit; i++) {
 +              size_t prelen = preimage->line[i].len;
 +              size_t imglen = img->line[try_lno+i].len;
 +
 +              if (!fuzzy_matchlines(img->buf + try + imgoff, imglen,
 +                                    preimage->buf + preoff, prelen))
 +                      return 0;
 +              if (preimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)
 +                      postlen += imglen - prelen;
 +              imgoff += imglen;
 +              preoff += prelen;
 +      }
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Ok, the preimage matches with whitespace fuzz.
 +       *
 +       * imgoff now holds the true length of the target that
 +       * matches the preimage before the end of the file.
 +       *
 +       * Count the number of characters in the preimage that fall
 +       * beyond the end of the file and make sure that all of them
 +       * are whitespace characters. (This can only happen if
 +       * we are removing blank lines at the end of the file.)
 +       */
 +      buf = preimage_eof = preimage->buf + preoff;
 +      for ( ; i < preimage->nr; i++)
 +              preoff += preimage->line[i].len;
 +      preimage_end = preimage->buf + preoff;
 +      for ( ; buf < preimage_end; buf++)
 +              if (!isspace(*buf))
 +                      return 0;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Update the preimage and the common postimage context
 +       * lines to use the same whitespace as the target.
 +       * If whitespace is missing in the target (i.e.
 +       * if the preimage extends beyond the end of the file),
 +       * use the whitespace from the preimage.
 +       */
 +      extra_chars = preimage_end - preimage_eof;
 +      strbuf_init(&fixed, imgoff + extra_chars);
 +      strbuf_add(&fixed, img->buf + try, imgoff);
 +      strbuf_add(&fixed, preimage_eof, extra_chars);
 +      fixed_buf = strbuf_detach(&fixed, &fixed_len);
 +      update_pre_post_images(preimage, postimage,
 +                             fixed_buf, fixed_len, postlen);
 +      return 1;
 +}
 +
 +static int match_fragment(struct apply_state *state,
 +                        struct image *img,
 +                        struct image *preimage,
 +                        struct image *postimage,
 +                        unsigned long try,
 +                        int try_lno,
 +                        unsigned ws_rule,
 +                        int match_beginning, int match_end)
 +{
 +      int i;
 +      char *fixed_buf, *buf, *orig, *target;
 +      struct strbuf fixed;
 +      size_t fixed_len, postlen;
 +      int preimage_limit;
 +
 +      if (preimage->nr + try_lno <= img->nr) {
 +              /*
 +               * The hunk falls within the boundaries of img.
 +               */
 +              preimage_limit = preimage->nr;
 +              if (match_end && (preimage->nr + try_lno != img->nr))
 +                      return 0;
 +      } else if (state->ws_error_action == correct_ws_error &&
 +                 (ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF)) {
 +              /*
 +               * This hunk extends beyond the end of img, and we are
 +               * removing blank lines at the end of the file.  This
 +               * many lines from the beginning of the preimage must
 +               * match with img, and the remainder of the preimage
 +               * must be blank.
 +               */
 +              preimage_limit = img->nr - try_lno;
 +      } else {
 +              /*
 +               * The hunk extends beyond the end of the img and
 +               * we are not removing blanks at the end, so we
 +               * should reject the hunk at this position.
 +               */
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (match_beginning && try_lno)
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      /* Quick hash check */
 +      for (i = 0; i < preimage_limit; i++)
 +              if ((img->line[try_lno + i].flag & LINE_PATCHED) ||
 +                  (preimage->line[i].hash != img->line[try_lno + i].hash))
 +                      return 0;
 +
 +      if (preimage_limit == preimage->nr) {
 +              /*
 +               * Do we have an exact match?  If we were told to match
 +               * at the end, size must be exactly at try+fragsize,
 +               * otherwise try+fragsize must be still within the preimage,
 +               * and either case, the old piece should match the preimage
 +               * exactly.
 +               */
 +              if ((match_end
 +                   ? (try + preimage->len == img->len)
 +                   : (try + preimage->len <= img->len)) &&
 +                  !memcmp(img->buf + try, preimage->buf, preimage->len))
 +                      return 1;
 +      } else {
 +              /*
 +               * The preimage extends beyond the end of img, so
 +               * there cannot be an exact match.
 +               *
 +               * There must be one non-blank context line that match
 +               * a line before the end of img.
 +               */
 +              char *buf_end;
 +
 +              buf = preimage->buf;
 +              buf_end = buf;
 +              for (i = 0; i < preimage_limit; i++)
 +                      buf_end += preimage->line[i].len;
 +
 +              for ( ; buf < buf_end; buf++)
 +                      if (!isspace(*buf))
 +                              break;
 +              if (buf == buf_end)
 +                      return 0;
 +      }
 +
 +      /*
 +       * No exact match. If we are ignoring whitespace, run a line-by-line
 +       * fuzzy matching. We collect all the line length information because
 +       * we need it to adjust whitespace if we match.
 +       */
 +      if (state->ws_ignore_action == ignore_ws_change)
 +              return line_by_line_fuzzy_match(img, preimage, postimage,
 +                                              try, try_lno, preimage_limit);
 +
 +      if (state->ws_error_action != correct_ws_error)
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * The hunk does not apply byte-by-byte, but the hash says
 +       * it might with whitespace fuzz. We weren't asked to
 +       * ignore whitespace, we were asked to correct whitespace
 +       * errors, so let's try matching after whitespace correction.
 +       *
 +       * While checking the preimage against the target, whitespace
 +       * errors in both fixed, we count how large the corresponding
 +       * postimage needs to be.  The postimage prepared by
 +       * apply_one_fragment() has whitespace errors fixed on added
 +       * lines already, but the common lines were propagated as-is,
 +       * which may become longer when their whitespace errors are
 +       * fixed.
 +       */
 +
 +      /* First count added lines in postimage */
 +      postlen = 0;
 +      for (i = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++) {
 +              if (!(postimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON))
 +                      postlen += postimage->line[i].len;
 +      }
 +
 +      /*
 +       * The preimage may extend beyond the end of the file,
 +       * but in this loop we will only handle the part of the
 +       * preimage that falls within the file.
 +       */
 +      strbuf_init(&fixed, preimage->len + 1);
 +      orig = preimage->buf;
 +      target = img->buf + try;
 +      for (i = 0; i < preimage_limit; i++) {
 +              size_t oldlen = preimage->line[i].len;
 +              size_t tgtlen = img->line[try_lno + i].len;
 +              size_t fixstart = fixed.len;
 +              struct strbuf tgtfix;
 +              int match;
 +
 +              /* Try fixing the line in the preimage */
 +              ws_fix_copy(&fixed, orig, oldlen, ws_rule, NULL);
 +
 +              /* Try fixing the line in the target */
 +              strbuf_init(&tgtfix, tgtlen);
 +              ws_fix_copy(&tgtfix, target, tgtlen, ws_rule, NULL);
 +
 +              /*
 +               * If they match, either the preimage was based on
 +               * a version before our tree fixed whitespace breakage,
 +               * or we are lacking a whitespace-fix patch the tree
 +               * the preimage was based on already had (i.e. target
 +               * has whitespace breakage, the preimage doesn't).
 +               * In either case, we are fixing the whitespace breakages
 +               * so we might as well take the fix together with their
 +               * real change.
 +               */
 +              match = (tgtfix.len == fixed.len - fixstart &&
 +                       !memcmp(tgtfix.buf, fixed.buf + fixstart,
 +                                           fixed.len - fixstart));
 +
 +              /* Add the length if this is common with the postimage */
 +              if (preimage->line[i].flag & LINE_COMMON)
 +                      postlen += tgtfix.len;
 +
 +              strbuf_release(&tgtfix);
 +              if (!match)
 +                      goto unmatch_exit;
 +
 +              orig += oldlen;
 +              target += tgtlen;
 +      }
 +
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Now handle the lines in the preimage that falls beyond the
 +       * end of the file (if any). They will only match if they are
 +       * empty or only contain whitespace (if WS_BLANK_AT_EOL is
 +       * false).
 +       */
 +      for ( ; i < preimage->nr; i++) {
 +              size_t fixstart = fixed.len; /* start of the fixed preimage */
 +              size_t oldlen = preimage->line[i].len;
 +              int j;
 +
 +              /* Try fixing the line in the preimage */
 +              ws_fix_copy(&fixed, orig, oldlen, ws_rule, NULL);
 +
 +              for (j = fixstart; j < fixed.len; j++)
 +                      if (!isspace(fixed.buf[j]))
 +                              goto unmatch_exit;
 +
 +              orig += oldlen;
 +      }
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Yes, the preimage is based on an older version that still
 +       * has whitespace breakages unfixed, and fixing them makes the
 +       * hunk match.  Update the context lines in the postimage.
 +       */
 +      fixed_buf = strbuf_detach(&fixed, &fixed_len);
 +      if (postlen < postimage->len)
 +              postlen = 0;
 +      update_pre_post_images(preimage, postimage,
 +                             fixed_buf, fixed_len, postlen);
 +      return 1;
 +
 + unmatch_exit:
 +      strbuf_release(&fixed);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int find_pos(struct apply_state *state,
 +                  struct image *img,
 +                  struct image *preimage,
 +                  struct image *postimage,
 +                  int line,
 +                  unsigned ws_rule,
 +                  int match_beginning, int match_end)
 +{
 +      int i;
 +      unsigned long backwards, forwards, try;
 +      int backwards_lno, forwards_lno, try_lno;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * If match_beginning or match_end is specified, there is no
 +       * point starting from a wrong line that will never match and
 +       * wander around and wait for a match at the specified end.
 +       */
 +      if (match_beginning)
 +              line = 0;
 +      else if (match_end)
 +              line = img->nr - preimage->nr;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Because the comparison is unsigned, the following test
 +       * will also take care of a negative line number that can
 +       * result when match_end and preimage is larger than the target.
 +       */
 +      if ((size_t) line > img->nr)
 +              line = img->nr;
 +
 +      try = 0;
 +      for (i = 0; i < line; i++)
 +              try += img->line[i].len;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * There's probably some smart way to do this, but I'll leave
 +       * that to the smart and beautiful people. I'm simple and stupid.
 +       */
 +      backwards = try;
 +      backwards_lno = line;
 +      forwards = try;
 +      forwards_lno = line;
 +      try_lno = line;
 +
 +      for (i = 0; ; i++) {
 +              if (match_fragment(state, img, preimage, postimage,
 +                                 try, try_lno, ws_rule,
 +                                 match_beginning, match_end))
 +                      return try_lno;
 +
 +      again:
 +              if (backwards_lno == 0 && forwards_lno == img->nr)
 +                      break;
 +
 +              if (i & 1) {
 +                      if (backwards_lno == 0) {
 +                              i++;
 +                              goto again;
 +                      }
 +                      backwards_lno--;
 +                      backwards -= img->line[backwards_lno].len;
 +                      try = backwards;
 +                      try_lno = backwards_lno;
 +              } else {
 +                      if (forwards_lno == img->nr) {
 +                              i++;
 +                              goto again;
 +                      }
 +                      forwards += img->line[forwards_lno].len;
 +                      forwards_lno++;
 +                      try = forwards;
 +                      try_lno = forwards_lno;
 +              }
 +
 +      }
 +      return -1;
 +}
 +
 +static void remove_first_line(struct image *img)
 +{
 +      img->buf += img->line[0].len;
 +      img->len -= img->line[0].len;
 +      img->line++;
 +      img->nr--;
 +}
 +
 +static void remove_last_line(struct image *img)
 +{
 +      img->len -= img->line[--img->nr].len;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * The change from "preimage" and "postimage" has been found to
 + * apply at applied_pos (counts in line numbers) in "img".
 + * Update "img" to remove "preimage" and replace it with "postimage".
 + */
 +static void update_image(struct apply_state *state,
 +                       struct image *img,
 +                       int applied_pos,
 +                       struct image *preimage,
 +                       struct image *postimage)
 +{
 +      /*
 +       * remove the copy of preimage at offset in img
 +       * and replace it with postimage
 +       */
 +      int i, nr;
 +      size_t remove_count, insert_count, applied_at = 0;
 +      char *result;
 +      int preimage_limit;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * If we are removing blank lines at the end of img,
 +       * the preimage may extend beyond the end.
 +       * If that is the case, we must be careful only to
 +       * remove the part of the preimage that falls within
 +       * the boundaries of img. Initialize preimage_limit
 +       * to the number of lines in the preimage that falls
 +       * within the boundaries.
 +       */
 +      preimage_limit = preimage->nr;
 +      if (preimage_limit > img->nr - applied_pos)
 +              preimage_limit = img->nr - applied_pos;
 +
 +      for (i = 0; i < applied_pos; i++)
 +              applied_at += img->line[i].len;
 +
 +      remove_count = 0;
 +      for (i = 0; i < preimage_limit; i++)
 +              remove_count += img->line[applied_pos + i].len;
 +      insert_count = postimage->len;
 +
 +      /* Adjust the contents */
 +      result = xmalloc(st_add3(st_sub(img->len, remove_count), insert_count, 1));
 +      memcpy(result, img->buf, applied_at);
 +      memcpy(result + applied_at, postimage->buf, postimage->len);
 +      memcpy(result + applied_at + postimage->len,
 +             img->buf + (applied_at + remove_count),
 +             img->len - (applied_at + remove_count));
 +      free(img->buf);
 +      img->buf = result;
 +      img->len += insert_count - remove_count;
 +      result[img->len] = '\0';
 +
 +      /* Adjust the line table */
 +      nr = img->nr + postimage->nr - preimage_limit;
 +      if (preimage_limit < postimage->nr) {
 +              /*
 +               * NOTE: this knows that we never call remove_first_line()
 +               * on anything other than pre/post image.
 +               */
 +              REALLOC_ARRAY(img->line, nr);
 +              img->line_allocated = img->line;
 +      }
 +      if (preimage_limit != postimage->nr)
 +              memmove(img->line + applied_pos + postimage->nr,
 +                      img->line + applied_pos + preimage_limit,
 +                      (img->nr - (applied_pos + preimage_limit)) *
 +                      sizeof(*img->line));
 +      memcpy(img->line + applied_pos,
 +             postimage->line,
 +             postimage->nr * sizeof(*img->line));
 +      if (!state->allow_overlap)
 +              for (i = 0; i < postimage->nr; i++)
 +                      img->line[applied_pos + i].flag |= LINE_PATCHED;
 +      img->nr = nr;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Use the patch-hunk text in "frag" to prepare two images (preimage and
 + * postimage) for the hunk.  Find lines that match "preimage" in "img" and
 + * replace the part of "img" with "postimage" text.
 + */
 +static int apply_one_fragment(struct apply_state *state,
 +                            struct image *img, struct fragment *frag,
 +                            int inaccurate_eof, unsigned ws_rule,
 +                            int nth_fragment)
 +{
 +      int match_beginning, match_end;
 +      const char *patch = frag->patch;
 +      int size = frag->size;
 +      char *old, *oldlines;
 +      struct strbuf newlines;
 +      int new_blank_lines_at_end = 0;
 +      int found_new_blank_lines_at_end = 0;
 +      int hunk_linenr = frag->linenr;
 +      unsigned long leading, trailing;
 +      int pos, applied_pos;
 +      struct image preimage;
 +      struct image postimage;
 +
 +      memset(&preimage, 0, sizeof(preimage));
 +      memset(&postimage, 0, sizeof(postimage));
 +      oldlines = xmalloc(size);
 +      strbuf_init(&newlines, size);
 +
 +      old = oldlines;
 +      while (size > 0) {
 +              char first;
 +              int len = linelen(patch, size);
 +              int plen;
 +              int added_blank_line = 0;
 +              int is_blank_context = 0;
 +              size_t start;
 +
 +              if (!len)
 +                      break;
 +
 +              /*
 +               * "plen" is how much of the line we should use for
 +               * the actual patch data. Normally we just remove the
 +               * first character on the line, but if the line is
 +               * followed by "\ No newline", then we also remove the
 +               * last one (which is the newline, of course).
 +               */
 +              plen = len - 1;
 +              if (len < size && patch[len] == '\\')
 +                      plen--;
 +              first = *patch;
 +              if (state->apply_in_reverse) {
 +                      if (first == '-')
 +                              first = '+';
 +                      else if (first == '+')
 +                              first = '-';
 +              }
 +
 +              switch (first) {
 +              case '\n':
 +                      /* Newer GNU diff, empty context line */
 +                      if (plen < 0)
 +                              /* ... followed by '\No newline'; nothing */
 +                              break;
 +                      *old++ = '\n';
 +                      strbuf_addch(&newlines, '\n');
 +                      add_line_info(&preimage, "\n", 1, LINE_COMMON);
 +                      add_line_info(&postimage, "\n", 1, LINE_COMMON);
 +                      is_blank_context = 1;
 +                      break;
 +              case ' ':
 +                      if (plen && (ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) &&
 +                          ws_blank_line(patch + 1, plen, ws_rule))
 +                              is_blank_context = 1;
 +              case '-':
 +                      memcpy(old, patch + 1, plen);
 +                      add_line_info(&preimage, old, plen,
 +                                    (first == ' ' ? LINE_COMMON : 0));
 +                      old += plen;
 +                      if (first == '-')
 +                              break;
 +              /* Fall-through for ' ' */
 +              case '+':
 +                      /* --no-add does not add new lines */
 +                      if (first == '+' && state->no_add)
 +                              break;
 +
 +                      start = newlines.len;
 +                      if (first != '+' ||
 +                          !state->whitespace_error ||
 +                          state->ws_error_action != correct_ws_error) {
 +                              strbuf_add(&newlines, patch + 1, plen);
 +                      }
 +                      else {
 +                              ws_fix_copy(&newlines, patch + 1, plen, ws_rule, &state->applied_after_fixing_ws);
 +                      }
 +                      add_line_info(&postimage, newlines.buf + start, newlines.len - start,
 +                                    (first == '+' ? 0 : LINE_COMMON));
 +                      if (first == '+' &&
 +                          (ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) &&
 +                          ws_blank_line(patch + 1, plen, ws_rule))
 +                              added_blank_line = 1;
 +                      break;
 +              case '@': case '\\':
 +                      /* Ignore it, we already handled it */
 +                      break;
 +              default:
 +                      if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_normal)
 +                              error(_("invalid start of line: '%c'"), first);
 +                      applied_pos = -1;
 +                      goto out;
 +              }
 +              if (added_blank_line) {
 +                      if (!new_blank_lines_at_end)
 +                              found_new_blank_lines_at_end = hunk_linenr;
 +                      new_blank_lines_at_end++;
 +              }
 +              else if (is_blank_context)
 +                      ;
 +              else
 +                      new_blank_lines_at_end = 0;
 +              patch += len;
 +              size -= len;
 +              hunk_linenr++;
 +      }
 +      if (inaccurate_eof &&
 +          old > oldlines && old[-1] == '\n' &&
 +          newlines.len > 0 && newlines.buf[newlines.len - 1] == '\n') {
 +              old--;
 +              strbuf_setlen(&newlines, newlines.len - 1);
 +      }
 +
 +      leading = frag->leading;
 +      trailing = frag->trailing;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * A hunk to change lines at the beginning would begin with
 +       * @@ -1,L +N,M @@
 +       * but we need to be careful.  -U0 that inserts before the second
 +       * line also has this pattern.
 +       *
 +       * And a hunk to add to an empty file would begin with
 +       * @@ -0,0 +N,M @@
 +       *
 +       * In other words, a hunk that is (frag->oldpos <= 1) with or
 +       * without leading context must match at the beginning.
 +       */
 +      match_beginning = (!frag->oldpos ||
 +                         (frag->oldpos == 1 && !state->unidiff_zero));
 +
 +      /*
 +       * A hunk without trailing lines must match at the end.
 +       * However, we simply cannot tell if a hunk must match end
 +       * from the lack of trailing lines if the patch was generated
 +       * with unidiff without any context.
 +       */
 +      match_end = !state->unidiff_zero && !trailing;
 +
 +      pos = frag->newpos ? (frag->newpos - 1) : 0;
 +      preimage.buf = oldlines;
 +      preimage.len = old - oldlines;
 +      postimage.buf = newlines.buf;
 +      postimage.len = newlines.len;
 +      preimage.line = preimage.line_allocated;
 +      postimage.line = postimage.line_allocated;
 +
 +      for (;;) {
 +
 +              applied_pos = find_pos(state, img, &preimage, &postimage, pos,
 +                                     ws_rule, match_beginning, match_end);
 +
 +              if (applied_pos >= 0)
 +                      break;
 +
 +              /* Am I at my context limits? */
 +              if ((leading <= state->p_context) && (trailing <= state->p_context))
 +                      break;
 +              if (match_beginning || match_end) {
 +                      match_beginning = match_end = 0;
 +                      continue;
 +              }
 +
 +              /*
 +               * Reduce the number of context lines; reduce both
 +               * leading and trailing if they are equal otherwise
 +               * just reduce the larger context.
 +               */
 +              if (leading >= trailing) {
 +                      remove_first_line(&preimage);
 +                      remove_first_line(&postimage);
 +                      pos--;
 +                      leading--;
 +              }
 +              if (trailing > leading) {
 +                      remove_last_line(&preimage);
 +                      remove_last_line(&postimage);
 +                      trailing--;
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      if (applied_pos >= 0) {
 +              if (new_blank_lines_at_end &&
 +                  preimage.nr + applied_pos >= img->nr &&
 +                  (ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) &&
 +                  state->ws_error_action != nowarn_ws_error) {
 +                      record_ws_error(state, WS_BLANK_AT_EOF, "+", 1,
 +                                      found_new_blank_lines_at_end);
 +                      if (state->ws_error_action == correct_ws_error) {
 +                              while (new_blank_lines_at_end--)
 +                                      remove_last_line(&postimage);
 +                      }
 +                      /*
 +                       * We would want to prevent write_out_results()
 +                       * from taking place in apply_patch() that follows
 +                       * the callchain led us here, which is:
 +                       * apply_patch->check_patch_list->check_patch->
 +                       * apply_data->apply_fragments->apply_one_fragment
 +                       */
 +                      if (state->ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error)
 +                              state->apply = 0;
 +              }
 +
 +              if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_normal && applied_pos != pos) {
 +                      int offset = applied_pos - pos;
 +                      if (state->apply_in_reverse)
 +                              offset = 0 - offset;
 +                      fprintf_ln(stderr,
 +                                 Q_("Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d line).",
 +                                    "Hunk #%d succeeded at %d (offset %d lines).",
 +                                    offset),
 +                                 nth_fragment, applied_pos + 1, offset);
 +              }
 +
 +              /*
 +               * Warn if it was necessary to reduce the number
 +               * of context lines.
 +               */
 +              if ((leading != frag->leading ||
 +                   trailing != frag->trailing) && state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent)
 +                      fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Context reduced to (%ld/%ld)"
 +                                           " to apply fragment at %d"),
 +                                 leading, trailing, applied_pos+1);
 +              update_image(state, img, applied_pos, &preimage, &postimage);
 +      } else {
 +              if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_normal)
 +                      error(_("while searching for:\n%.*s"),
 +                            (int)(old - oldlines), oldlines);
 +      }
 +
 +out:
 +      free(oldlines);
 +      strbuf_release(&newlines);
 +      free(preimage.line_allocated);
 +      free(postimage.line_allocated);
 +
 +      return (applied_pos < 0);
 +}
 +
 +static int apply_binary_fragment(struct apply_state *state,
 +                               struct image *img,
 +                               struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      struct fragment *fragment = patch->fragments;
 +      unsigned long len;
 +      void *dst;
 +
 +      if (!fragment)
 +              return error(_("missing binary patch data for '%s'"),
 +                           patch->new_name ?
 +                           patch->new_name :
 +                           patch->old_name);
 +
 +      /* Binary patch is irreversible without the optional second hunk */
 +      if (state->apply_in_reverse) {
 +              if (!fragment->next)
 +                      return error("cannot reverse-apply a binary patch "
 +                                   "without the reverse hunk to '%s'",
 +                                   patch->new_name
 +                                   ? patch->new_name : patch->old_name);
 +              fragment = fragment->next;
 +      }
 +      switch (fragment->binary_patch_method) {
 +      case BINARY_DELTA_DEFLATED:
 +              dst = patch_delta(img->buf, img->len, fragment->patch,
 +                                fragment->size, &len);
 +              if (!dst)
 +                      return -1;
 +              clear_image(img);
 +              img->buf = dst;
 +              img->len = len;
 +              return 0;
 +      case BINARY_LITERAL_DEFLATED:
 +              clear_image(img);
 +              img->len = fragment->size;
 +              img->buf = xmemdupz(fragment->patch, img->len);
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +      return -1;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Replace "img" with the result of applying the binary patch.
 + * The binary patch data itself in patch->fragment is still kept
 + * but the preimage prepared by the caller in "img" is freed here
 + * or in the helper function apply_binary_fragment() this calls.
 + */
 +static int apply_binary(struct apply_state *state,
 +                      struct image *img,
 +                      struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      const char *name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
-           get_sha1_hex(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1) ||
-           get_sha1_hex(patch->new_sha1_prefix, sha1))
++      struct object_id oid;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * For safety, we require patch index line to contain
 +       * full 40-byte textual SHA1 for old and new, at least for now.
 +       */
 +      if (strlen(patch->old_sha1_prefix) != 40 ||
 +          strlen(patch->new_sha1_prefix) != 40 ||
-               hash_sha1_file(img->buf, img->len, blob_type, sha1);
-               if (strcmp(sha1_to_hex(sha1), patch->old_sha1_prefix))
++          get_oid_hex(patch->old_sha1_prefix, &oid) ||
++          get_oid_hex(patch->new_sha1_prefix, &oid))
 +              return error("cannot apply binary patch to '%s' "
 +                           "without full index line", name);
 +
 +      if (patch->old_name) {
 +              /*
 +               * See if the old one matches what the patch
 +               * applies to.
 +               */
-                                    name, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
++              hash_sha1_file(img->buf, img->len, blob_type, oid.hash);
++              if (strcmp(oid_to_hex(&oid), patch->old_sha1_prefix))
 +                      return error("the patch applies to '%s' (%s), "
 +                                   "which does not match the "
 +                                   "current contents.",
-       get_sha1_hex(patch->new_sha1_prefix, sha1);
-       if (is_null_sha1(sha1)) {
++                                   name, oid_to_hex(&oid));
 +      }
 +      else {
 +              /* Otherwise, the old one must be empty. */
 +              if (img->len)
 +                      return error("the patch applies to an empty "
 +                                   "'%s' but it is not empty", name);
 +      }
 +
-       if (has_sha1_file(sha1)) {
++      get_oid_hex(patch->new_sha1_prefix, &oid);
++      if (is_null_oid(&oid)) {
 +              clear_image(img);
 +              return 0; /* deletion patch */
 +      }
 +
-               result = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
++      if (has_sha1_file(oid.hash)) {
 +              /* We already have the postimage */
 +              enum object_type type;
 +              unsigned long size;
 +              char *result;
 +
-               hash_sha1_file(img->buf, img->len, blob_type, sha1);
-               if (strcmp(sha1_to_hex(sha1), patch->new_sha1_prefix))
++              result = read_sha1_file(oid.hash, &type, &size);
 +              if (!result)
 +                      return error("the necessary postimage %s for "
 +                                   "'%s' cannot be read",
 +                                   patch->new_sha1_prefix, name);
 +              clear_image(img);
 +              img->buf = result;
 +              img->len = size;
 +      } else {
 +              /*
 +               * We have verified buf matches the preimage;
 +               * apply the patch data to it, which is stored
 +               * in the patch->fragments->{patch,size}.
 +               */
 +              if (apply_binary_fragment(state, img, patch))
 +                      return error(_("binary patch does not apply to '%s'"),
 +                                   name);
 +
 +              /* verify that the result matches */
-                               name, patch->new_sha1_prefix, sha1_to_hex(sha1));
++              hash_sha1_file(img->buf, img->len, blob_type, oid.hash);
++              if (strcmp(oid_to_hex(&oid), patch->new_sha1_prefix))
 +                      return error(_("binary patch to '%s' creates incorrect result (expecting %s, got %s)"),
- static int read_blob_object(struct strbuf *buf, const unsigned char *sha1, unsigned mode)
++                              name, patch->new_sha1_prefix, oid_to_hex(&oid));
 +      }
 +
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int apply_fragments(struct apply_state *state, struct image *img, struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      struct fragment *frag = patch->fragments;
 +      const char *name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
 +      unsigned ws_rule = patch->ws_rule;
 +      unsigned inaccurate_eof = patch->inaccurate_eof;
 +      int nth = 0;
 +
 +      if (patch->is_binary)
 +              return apply_binary(state, img, patch);
 +
 +      while (frag) {
 +              nth++;
 +              if (apply_one_fragment(state, img, frag, inaccurate_eof, ws_rule, nth)) {
 +                      error(_("patch failed: %s:%ld"), name, frag->oldpos);
 +                      if (!state->apply_with_reject)
 +                              return -1;
 +                      frag->rejected = 1;
 +              }
 +              frag = frag->next;
 +      }
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
-               strbuf_addf(buf, "Subproject commit %s\n", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
++static int read_blob_object(struct strbuf *buf, const struct object_id *oid, unsigned mode)
 +{
 +      if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
 +              strbuf_grow(buf, 100);
-               result = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &sz);
++              strbuf_addf(buf, "Subproject commit %s\n", oid_to_hex(oid));
 +      } else {
 +              enum object_type type;
 +              unsigned long sz;
 +              char *result;
 +
-       return read_blob_object(buf, ce->sha1, ce->ce_mode);
++              result = read_sha1_file(oid->hash, &type, &sz);
 +              if (!result)
 +                      return -1;
 +              /* XXX read_sha1_file NUL-terminates */
 +              strbuf_attach(buf, result, sz, sz + 1);
 +      }
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int read_file_or_gitlink(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct strbuf *buf)
 +{
 +      if (!ce)
 +              return 0;
-                          const unsigned char *base,
-                          const unsigned char *ours,
-                          const unsigned char *theirs)
++      return read_blob_object(buf, &ce->oid, ce->ce_mode);
 +}
 +
 +static struct patch *in_fn_table(struct apply_state *state, const char *name)
 +{
 +      struct string_list_item *item;
 +
 +      if (name == NULL)
 +              return NULL;
 +
 +      item = string_list_lookup(&state->fn_table, name);
 +      if (item != NULL)
 +              return (struct patch *)item->util;
 +
 +      return NULL;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * item->util in the filename table records the status of the path.
 + * Usually it points at a patch (whose result records the contents
 + * of it after applying it), but it could be PATH_WAS_DELETED for a
 + * path that a previously applied patch has already removed, or
 + * PATH_TO_BE_DELETED for a path that a later patch would remove.
 + *
 + * The latter is needed to deal with a case where two paths A and B
 + * are swapped by first renaming A to B and then renaming B to A;
 + * moving A to B should not be prevented due to presence of B as we
 + * will remove it in a later patch.
 + */
 +#define PATH_TO_BE_DELETED ((struct patch *) -2)
 +#define PATH_WAS_DELETED ((struct patch *) -1)
 +
 +static int to_be_deleted(struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      return patch == PATH_TO_BE_DELETED;
 +}
 +
 +static int was_deleted(struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      return patch == PATH_WAS_DELETED;
 +}
 +
 +static void add_to_fn_table(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      struct string_list_item *item;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Always add new_name unless patch is a deletion
 +       * This should cover the cases for normal diffs,
 +       * file creations and copies
 +       */
 +      if (patch->new_name != NULL) {
 +              item = string_list_insert(&state->fn_table, patch->new_name);
 +              item->util = patch;
 +      }
 +
 +      /*
 +       * store a failure on rename/deletion cases because
 +       * later chunks shouldn't patch old names
 +       */
 +      if ((patch->new_name == NULL) || (patch->is_rename)) {
 +              item = string_list_insert(&state->fn_table, patch->old_name);
 +              item->util = PATH_WAS_DELETED;
 +      }
 +}
 +
 +static void prepare_fn_table(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      /*
 +       * store information about incoming file deletion
 +       */
 +      while (patch) {
 +              if ((patch->new_name == NULL) || (patch->is_rename)) {
 +                      struct string_list_item *item;
 +                      item = string_list_insert(&state->fn_table, patch->old_name);
 +                      item->util = PATH_TO_BE_DELETED;
 +              }
 +              patch = patch->next;
 +      }
 +}
 +
 +static int checkout_target(struct index_state *istate,
 +                         struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 +{
 +      struct checkout costate;
 +
 +      memset(&costate, 0, sizeof(costate));
 +      costate.base_dir = "";
 +      costate.refresh_cache = 1;
 +      costate.istate = istate;
 +      if (checkout_entry(ce, &costate, NULL) || lstat(ce->name, st))
 +              return error(_("cannot checkout %s"), ce->name);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static struct patch *previous_patch(struct apply_state *state,
 +                                  struct patch *patch,
 +                                  int *gone)
 +{
 +      struct patch *previous;
 +
 +      *gone = 0;
 +      if (patch->is_copy || patch->is_rename)
 +              return NULL; /* "git" patches do not depend on the order */
 +
 +      previous = in_fn_table(state, patch->old_name);
 +      if (!previous)
 +              return NULL;
 +
 +      if (to_be_deleted(previous))
 +              return NULL; /* the deletion hasn't happened yet */
 +
 +      if (was_deleted(previous))
 +              *gone = 1;
 +
 +      return previous;
 +}
 +
 +static int verify_index_match(const struct cache_entry *ce, struct stat *st)
 +{
 +      if (S_ISGITLINK(ce->ce_mode)) {
 +              if (!S_ISDIR(st->st_mode))
 +                      return -1;
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +      return ce_match_stat(ce, st, CE_MATCH_IGNORE_VALID|CE_MATCH_IGNORE_SKIP_WORKTREE);
 +}
 +
 +#define SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX 1
 +
 +static int load_patch_target(struct apply_state *state,
 +                           struct strbuf *buf,
 +                           const struct cache_entry *ce,
 +                           struct stat *st,
 +                           const char *name,
 +                           unsigned expected_mode)
 +{
 +      if (state->cached || state->check_index) {
 +              if (read_file_or_gitlink(ce, buf))
 +                      return error(_("failed to read %s"), name);
 +      } else if (name) {
 +              if (S_ISGITLINK(expected_mode)) {
 +                      if (ce)
 +                              return read_file_or_gitlink(ce, buf);
 +                      else
 +                              return SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX;
 +              } else if (has_symlink_leading_path(name, strlen(name))) {
 +                      return error(_("reading from '%s' beyond a symbolic link"), name);
 +              } else {
 +                      if (read_old_data(st, name, buf))
 +                              return error(_("failed to read %s"), name);
 +              }
 +      }
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * We are about to apply "patch"; populate the "image" with the
 + * current version we have, from the working tree or from the index,
 + * depending on the situation e.g. --cached/--index.  If we are
 + * applying a non-git patch that incrementally updates the tree,
 + * we read from the result of a previous diff.
 + */
 +static int load_preimage(struct apply_state *state,
 +                       struct image *image,
 +                       struct patch *patch, struct stat *st,
 +                       const struct cache_entry *ce)
 +{
 +      struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      size_t len;
 +      char *img;
 +      struct patch *previous;
 +      int status;
 +
 +      previous = previous_patch(state, patch, &status);
 +      if (status)
 +              return error(_("path %s has been renamed/deleted"),
 +                           patch->old_name);
 +      if (previous) {
 +              /* We have a patched copy in memory; use that. */
 +              strbuf_add(&buf, previous->result, previous->resultsize);
 +      } else {
 +              status = load_patch_target(state, &buf, ce, st,
 +                                         patch->old_name, patch->old_mode);
 +              if (status < 0)
 +                      return status;
 +              else if (status == SUBMODULE_PATCH_WITHOUT_INDEX) {
 +                      /*
 +                       * There is no way to apply subproject
 +                       * patch without looking at the index.
 +                       * NEEDSWORK: shouldn't this be flagged
 +                       * as an error???
 +                       */
 +                      free_fragment_list(patch->fragments);
 +                      patch->fragments = NULL;
 +              } else if (status) {
 +                      return error(_("failed to read %s"), patch->old_name);
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
 +      prepare_image(image, img, len, !patch->is_binary);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int three_way_merge(struct image *image,
 +                         char *path,
-       unsigned char pre_sha1[20], post_sha1[20], our_sha1[20];
++                         const struct object_id *base,
++                         const struct object_id *ours,
++                         const struct object_id *theirs)
 +{
 +      mmfile_t base_file, our_file, their_file;
 +      mmbuffer_t result = { NULL };
 +      int status;
 +
 +      read_mmblob(&base_file, base);
 +      read_mmblob(&our_file, ours);
 +      read_mmblob(&their_file, theirs);
 +      status = ll_merge(&result, path,
 +                        &base_file, "base",
 +                        &our_file, "ours",
 +                        &their_file, "theirs", NULL);
 +      free(base_file.ptr);
 +      free(our_file.ptr);
 +      free(their_file.ptr);
 +      if (status < 0 || !result.ptr) {
 +              free(result.ptr);
 +              return -1;
 +      }
 +      clear_image(image);
 +      image->buf = result.ptr;
 +      image->len = result.size;
 +
 +      return status;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * When directly falling back to add/add three-way merge, we read from
 + * the current contents of the new_name.  In no cases other than that
 + * this function will be called.
 + */
 +static int load_current(struct apply_state *state,
 +                      struct image *image,
 +                      struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      int status, pos;
 +      size_t len;
 +      char *img;
 +      struct stat st;
 +      struct cache_entry *ce;
 +      char *name = patch->new_name;
 +      unsigned mode = patch->new_mode;
 +
 +      if (!patch->is_new)
 +              die("BUG: patch to %s is not a creation", patch->old_name);
 +
 +      pos = cache_name_pos(name, strlen(name));
 +      if (pos < 0)
 +              return error(_("%s: does not exist in index"), name);
 +      ce = active_cache[pos];
 +      if (lstat(name, &st)) {
 +              if (errno != ENOENT)
 +                      return error_errno("%s", name);
 +              if (checkout_target(&the_index, ce, &st))
 +                      return -1;
 +      }
 +      if (verify_index_match(ce, &st))
 +              return error(_("%s: does not match index"), name);
 +
 +      status = load_patch_target(state, &buf, ce, &st, name, mode);
 +      if (status < 0)
 +              return status;
 +      else if (status)
 +              return -1;
 +      img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
 +      prepare_image(image, img, len, !patch->is_binary);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int try_threeway(struct apply_state *state,
 +                      struct image *image,
 +                      struct patch *patch,
 +                      struct stat *st,
 +                      const struct cache_entry *ce)
 +{
-               write_sha1_file("", 0, blob_type, pre_sha1);
-       else if (get_sha1(patch->old_sha1_prefix, pre_sha1) ||
-                read_blob_object(&buf, pre_sha1, patch->old_mode))
++      struct object_id pre_oid, post_oid, our_oid;
 +      struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      size_t len;
 +      int status;
 +      char *img;
 +      struct image tmp_image;
 +
 +      /* No point falling back to 3-way merge in these cases */
 +      if (patch->is_delete ||
 +          S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode) || S_ISGITLINK(patch->new_mode))
 +              return -1;
 +
 +      /* Preimage the patch was prepared for */
 +      if (patch->is_new)
-       /* post_sha1[] is theirs */
-       write_sha1_file(tmp_image.buf, tmp_image.len, blob_type, post_sha1);
++              write_sha1_file("", 0, blob_type, pre_oid.hash);
++      else if (get_sha1(patch->old_sha1_prefix, pre_oid.hash) ||
++               read_blob_object(&buf, &pre_oid, patch->old_mode))
 +              return error("repository lacks the necessary blob to fall back on 3-way merge.");
 +
 +      if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent)
 +              fprintf(stderr, "Falling back to three-way merge...\n");
 +
 +      img = strbuf_detach(&buf, &len);
 +      prepare_image(&tmp_image, img, len, 1);
 +      /* Apply the patch to get the post image */
 +      if (apply_fragments(state, &tmp_image, patch) < 0) {
 +              clear_image(&tmp_image);
 +              return -1;
 +      }
-       /* our_sha1[] is ours */
++      /* post_oid is theirs */
++      write_sha1_file(tmp_image.buf, tmp_image.len, blob_type, post_oid.hash);
 +      clear_image(&tmp_image);
 +
-       write_sha1_file(tmp_image.buf, tmp_image.len, blob_type, our_sha1);
++      /* our_oid is ours */
 +      if (patch->is_new) {
 +              if (load_current(state, &tmp_image, patch))
 +                      return error("cannot read the current contents of '%s'",
 +                                   patch->new_name);
 +      } else {
 +              if (load_preimage(state, &tmp_image, patch, st, ce))
 +                      return error("cannot read the current contents of '%s'",
 +                                   patch->old_name);
 +      }
-                                pre_sha1, our_sha1, post_sha1);
++      write_sha1_file(tmp_image.buf, tmp_image.len, blob_type, our_oid.hash);
 +      clear_image(&tmp_image);
 +
 +      /* in-core three-way merge between post and our using pre as base */
 +      status = three_way_merge(image, patch->new_name,
-                       hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[0].hash, pre_sha1);
-               hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[1].hash, our_sha1);
-               hashcpy(patch->threeway_stage[2].hash, post_sha1);
++                               &pre_oid, &our_oid, &post_oid);
 +      if (status < 0) {
 +              if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent)
 +                      fprintf(stderr,
 +                              "Failed to fall back on three-way merge...\n");
 +              return status;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (status) {
 +              patch->conflicted_threeway = 1;
 +              if (patch->is_new)
 +                      oidclr(&patch->threeway_stage[0]);
 +              else
- /* This function tries to read the sha1 from the current index */
- static int get_current_sha1(struct apply_state *state, const char *path,
-                           unsigned char *sha1)
++                      oidcpy(&patch->threeway_stage[0], &pre_oid);
++              oidcpy(&patch->threeway_stage[1], &our_oid);
++              oidcpy(&patch->threeway_stage[2], &post_oid);
 +              if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent)
 +                      fprintf(stderr,
 +                              "Applied patch to '%s' with conflicts.\n",
 +                              patch->new_name);
 +      } else {
 +              if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent)
 +                      fprintf(stderr,
 +                              "Applied patch to '%s' cleanly.\n",
 +                              patch->new_name);
 +      }
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int apply_data(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch,
 +                    struct stat *st, const struct cache_entry *ce)
 +{
 +      struct image image;
 +
 +      if (load_preimage(state, &image, patch, st, ce) < 0)
 +              return -1;
 +
 +      if (patch->direct_to_threeway ||
 +          apply_fragments(state, &image, patch) < 0) {
 +              /* Note: with --reject, apply_fragments() returns 0 */
 +              if (!state->threeway || try_threeway(state, &image, patch, st, ce) < 0)
 +                      return -1;
 +      }
 +      patch->result = image.buf;
 +      patch->resultsize = image.len;
 +      add_to_fn_table(state, patch);
 +      free(image.line_allocated);
 +
 +      if (0 < patch->is_delete && patch->resultsize)
 +              return error(_("removal patch leaves file contents"));
 +
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * If "patch" that we are looking at modifies or deletes what we have,
 + * we would want it not to lose any local modification we have, either
 + * in the working tree or in the index.
 + *
 + * This also decides if a non-git patch is a creation patch or a
 + * modification to an existing empty file.  We do not check the state
 + * of the current tree for a creation patch in this function; the caller
 + * check_patch() separately makes sure (and errors out otherwise) that
 + * the path the patch creates does not exist in the current tree.
 + */
 +static int check_preimage(struct apply_state *state,
 +                        struct patch *patch,
 +                        struct cache_entry **ce,
 +                        struct stat *st)
 +{
 +      const char *old_name = patch->old_name;
 +      struct patch *previous = NULL;
 +      int stat_ret = 0, status;
 +      unsigned st_mode = 0;
 +
 +      if (!old_name)
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      assert(patch->is_new <= 0);
 +      previous = previous_patch(state, patch, &status);
 +
 +      if (status)
 +              return error(_("path %s has been renamed/deleted"), old_name);
 +      if (previous) {
 +              st_mode = previous->new_mode;
 +      } else if (!state->cached) {
 +              stat_ret = lstat(old_name, st);
 +              if (stat_ret && errno != ENOENT)
 +                      return error_errno("%s", old_name);
 +      }
 +
 +      if (state->check_index && !previous) {
 +              int pos = cache_name_pos(old_name, strlen(old_name));
 +              if (pos < 0) {
 +                      if (patch->is_new < 0)
 +                              goto is_new;
 +                      return error(_("%s: does not exist in index"), old_name);
 +              }
 +              *ce = active_cache[pos];
 +              if (stat_ret < 0) {
 +                      if (checkout_target(&the_index, *ce, st))
 +                              return -1;
 +              }
 +              if (!state->cached && verify_index_match(*ce, st))
 +                      return error(_("%s: does not match index"), old_name);
 +              if (state->cached)
 +                      st_mode = (*ce)->ce_mode;
 +      } else if (stat_ret < 0) {
 +              if (patch->is_new < 0)
 +                      goto is_new;
 +              return error_errno("%s", old_name);
 +      }
 +
 +      if (!state->cached && !previous)
 +              st_mode = ce_mode_from_stat(*ce, st->st_mode);
 +
 +      if (patch->is_new < 0)
 +              patch->is_new = 0;
 +      if (!patch->old_mode)
 +              patch->old_mode = st_mode;
 +      if ((st_mode ^ patch->old_mode) & S_IFMT)
 +              return error(_("%s: wrong type"), old_name);
 +      if (st_mode != patch->old_mode)
 +              warning(_("%s has type %o, expected %o"),
 +                      old_name, st_mode, patch->old_mode);
 +      if (!patch->new_mode && !patch->is_delete)
 +              patch->new_mode = st_mode;
 +      return 0;
 +
 + is_new:
 +      patch->is_new = 1;
 +      patch->is_delete = 0;
 +      free(patch->old_name);
 +      patch->old_name = NULL;
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +
 +#define EXISTS_IN_INDEX 1
 +#define EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE 2
 +
 +static int check_to_create(struct apply_state *state,
 +                         const char *new_name,
 +                         int ok_if_exists)
 +{
 +      struct stat nst;
 +
 +      if (state->check_index &&
 +          cache_name_pos(new_name, strlen(new_name)) >= 0 &&
 +          !ok_if_exists)
 +              return EXISTS_IN_INDEX;
 +      if (state->cached)
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      if (!lstat(new_name, &nst)) {
 +              if (S_ISDIR(nst.st_mode) || ok_if_exists)
 +                      return 0;
 +              /*
 +               * A leading component of new_name might be a symlink
 +               * that is going to be removed with this patch, but
 +               * still pointing at somewhere that has the path.
 +               * In such a case, path "new_name" does not exist as
 +               * far as git is concerned.
 +               */
 +              if (has_symlink_leading_path(new_name, strlen(new_name)))
 +                      return 0;
 +
 +              return EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE;
 +      } else if ((errno != ENOENT) && (errno != ENOTDIR)) {
 +              return error_errno("%s", new_name);
 +      }
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static uintptr_t register_symlink_changes(struct apply_state *state,
 +                                        const char *path,
 +                                        uintptr_t what)
 +{
 +      struct string_list_item *ent;
 +
 +      ent = string_list_lookup(&state->symlink_changes, path);
 +      if (!ent) {
 +              ent = string_list_insert(&state->symlink_changes, path);
 +              ent->util = (void *)0;
 +      }
 +      ent->util = (void *)(what | ((uintptr_t)ent->util));
 +      return (uintptr_t)ent->util;
 +}
 +
 +static uintptr_t check_symlink_changes(struct apply_state *state, const char *path)
 +{
 +      struct string_list_item *ent;
 +
 +      ent = string_list_lookup(&state->symlink_changes, path);
 +      if (!ent)
 +              return 0;
 +      return (uintptr_t)ent->util;
 +}
 +
 +static void prepare_symlink_changes(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      for ( ; patch; patch = patch->next) {
 +              if ((patch->old_name && S_ISLNK(patch->old_mode)) &&
 +                  (patch->is_rename || patch->is_delete))
 +                      /* the symlink at patch->old_name is removed */
 +                      register_symlink_changes(state, patch->old_name, APPLY_SYMLINK_GOES_AWAY);
 +
 +              if (patch->new_name && S_ISLNK(patch->new_mode))
 +                      /* the symlink at patch->new_name is created or remains */
 +                      register_symlink_changes(state, patch->new_name, APPLY_SYMLINK_IN_RESULT);
 +      }
 +}
 +
 +static int path_is_beyond_symlink_1(struct apply_state *state, struct strbuf *name)
 +{
 +      do {
 +              unsigned int change;
 +
 +              while (--name->len && name->buf[name->len] != '/')
 +                      ; /* scan backwards */
 +              if (!name->len)
 +                      break;
 +              name->buf[name->len] = '\0';
 +              change = check_symlink_changes(state, name->buf);
 +              if (change & APPLY_SYMLINK_IN_RESULT)
 +                      return 1;
 +              if (change & APPLY_SYMLINK_GOES_AWAY)
 +                      /*
 +                       * This cannot be "return 0", because we may
 +                       * see a new one created at a higher level.
 +                       */
 +                      continue;
 +
 +              /* otherwise, check the preimage */
 +              if (state->check_index) {
 +                      struct cache_entry *ce;
 +
 +                      ce = cache_file_exists(name->buf, name->len, ignore_case);
 +                      if (ce && S_ISLNK(ce->ce_mode))
 +                              return 1;
 +              } else {
 +                      struct stat st;
 +                      if (!lstat(name->buf, &st) && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
 +                              return 1;
 +              }
 +      } while (1);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int path_is_beyond_symlink(struct apply_state *state, const char *name_)
 +{
 +      int ret;
 +      struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 +
 +      assert(*name_ != '\0');
 +      strbuf_addstr(&name, name_);
 +      ret = path_is_beyond_symlink_1(state, &name);
 +      strbuf_release(&name);
 +
 +      return ret;
 +}
 +
 +static int check_unsafe_path(struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      const char *old_name = NULL;
 +      const char *new_name = NULL;
 +      if (patch->is_delete)
 +              old_name = patch->old_name;
 +      else if (!patch->is_new && !patch->is_copy)
 +              old_name = patch->old_name;
 +      if (!patch->is_delete)
 +              new_name = patch->new_name;
 +
 +      if (old_name && !verify_path(old_name))
 +              return error(_("invalid path '%s'"), old_name);
 +      if (new_name && !verify_path(new_name))
 +              return error(_("invalid path '%s'"), new_name);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Check and apply the patch in-core; leave the result in patch->result
 + * for the caller to write it out to the final destination.
 + */
 +static int check_patch(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      struct stat st;
 +      const char *old_name = patch->old_name;
 +      const char *new_name = patch->new_name;
 +      const char *name = old_name ? old_name : new_name;
 +      struct cache_entry *ce = NULL;
 +      struct patch *tpatch;
 +      int ok_if_exists;
 +      int status;
 +
 +      patch->rejected = 1; /* we will drop this after we succeed */
 +
 +      status = check_preimage(state, patch, &ce, &st);
 +      if (status)
 +              return status;
 +      old_name = patch->old_name;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * A type-change diff is always split into a patch to delete
 +       * old, immediately followed by a patch to create new (see
 +       * diff.c::run_diff()); in such a case it is Ok that the entry
 +       * to be deleted by the previous patch is still in the working
 +       * tree and in the index.
 +       *
 +       * A patch to swap-rename between A and B would first rename A
 +       * to B and then rename B to A.  While applying the first one,
 +       * the presence of B should not stop A from getting renamed to
 +       * B; ask to_be_deleted() about the later rename.  Removal of
 +       * B and rename from A to B is handled the same way by asking
 +       * was_deleted().
 +       */
 +      if ((tpatch = in_fn_table(state, new_name)) &&
 +          (was_deleted(tpatch) || to_be_deleted(tpatch)))
 +              ok_if_exists = 1;
 +      else
 +              ok_if_exists = 0;
 +
 +      if (new_name &&
 +          ((0 < patch->is_new) || patch->is_rename || patch->is_copy)) {
 +              int err = check_to_create(state, new_name, ok_if_exists);
 +
 +              if (err && state->threeway) {
 +                      patch->direct_to_threeway = 1;
 +              } else switch (err) {
 +              case 0:
 +                      break; /* happy */
 +              case EXISTS_IN_INDEX:
 +                      return error(_("%s: already exists in index"), new_name);
 +                      break;
 +              case EXISTS_IN_WORKTREE:
 +                      return error(_("%s: already exists in working directory"),
 +                                   new_name);
 +              default:
 +                      return err;
 +              }
 +
 +              if (!patch->new_mode) {
 +                      if (0 < patch->is_new)
 +                              patch->new_mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
 +                      else
 +                              patch->new_mode = patch->old_mode;
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      if (new_name && old_name) {
 +              int same = !strcmp(old_name, new_name);
 +              if (!patch->new_mode)
 +                      patch->new_mode = patch->old_mode;
 +              if ((patch->old_mode ^ patch->new_mode) & S_IFMT) {
 +                      if (same)
 +                              return error(_("new mode (%o) of %s does not "
 +                                             "match old mode (%o)"),
 +                                      patch->new_mode, new_name,
 +                                      patch->old_mode);
 +                      else
 +                              return error(_("new mode (%o) of %s does not "
 +                                             "match old mode (%o) of %s"),
 +                                      patch->new_mode, new_name,
 +                                      patch->old_mode, old_name);
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      if (!state->unsafe_paths && check_unsafe_path(patch))
 +              return -128;
 +
 +      /*
 +       * An attempt to read from or delete a path that is beyond a
 +       * symbolic link will be prevented by load_patch_target() that
 +       * is called at the beginning of apply_data() so we do not
 +       * have to worry about a patch marked with "is_delete" bit
 +       * here.  We however need to make sure that the patch result
 +       * is not deposited to a path that is beyond a symbolic link
 +       * here.
 +       */
 +      if (!patch->is_delete && path_is_beyond_symlink(state, patch->new_name))
 +              return error(_("affected file '%s' is beyond a symbolic link"),
 +                           patch->new_name);
 +
 +      if (apply_data(state, patch, &st, ce) < 0)
 +              return error(_("%s: patch does not apply"), name);
 +      patch->rejected = 0;
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int check_patch_list(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      int err = 0;
 +
 +      prepare_symlink_changes(state, patch);
 +      prepare_fn_table(state, patch);
 +      while (patch) {
 +              int res;
 +              if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_normal)
 +                      say_patch_name(stderr,
 +                                     _("Checking patch %s..."), patch);
 +              res = check_patch(state, patch);
 +              if (res == -128)
 +                      return -128;
 +              err |= res;
 +              patch = patch->next;
 +      }
 +      return err;
 +}
 +
 +static int read_apply_cache(struct apply_state *state)
 +{
 +      if (state->index_file)
 +              return read_cache_from(state->index_file);
 +      else
 +              return read_cache();
 +}
 +
-       hashcpy(sha1, active_cache[pos]->sha1);
++/* This function tries to read the object name from the current index */
++static int get_current_oid(struct apply_state *state, const char *path,
++                         struct object_id *oid)
 +{
 +      int pos;
 +
 +      if (read_apply_cache(state) < 0)
 +              return -1;
 +      pos = cache_name_pos(path, strlen(path));
 +      if (pos < 0)
 +              return -1;
- static int preimage_sha1_in_gitlink_patch(struct patch *p, unsigned char sha1[20])
++      oidcpy(oid, &active_cache[pos]->oid);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
-           !get_sha1_hex(preimage + sizeof(heading) - 1, sha1) &&
-           preimage[sizeof(heading) + 40 - 1] == '\n' &&
++static int preimage_oid_in_gitlink_patch(struct patch *p, struct object_id *oid)
 +{
 +      /*
 +       * A usable gitlink patch has only one fragment (hunk) that looks like:
 +       * @@ -1 +1 @@
 +       * -Subproject commit <old sha1>
 +       * +Subproject commit <new sha1>
 +       * or
 +       * @@ -1 +0,0 @@
 +       * -Subproject commit <old sha1>
 +       * for a removal patch.
 +       */
 +      struct fragment *hunk = p->fragments;
 +      static const char heading[] = "-Subproject commit ";
 +      char *preimage;
 +
 +      if (/* does the patch have only one hunk? */
 +          hunk && !hunk->next &&
 +          /* is its preimage one line? */
 +          hunk->oldpos == 1 && hunk->oldlines == 1 &&
 +          /* does preimage begin with the heading? */
 +          (preimage = memchr(hunk->patch, '\n', hunk->size)) != NULL &&
 +          starts_with(++preimage, heading) &&
 +          /* does it record full SHA-1? */
-       return get_sha1_hex(p->old_sha1_prefix, sha1);
++          !get_oid_hex(preimage + sizeof(heading) - 1, oid) &&
++          preimage[sizeof(heading) + GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ - 1] == '\n' &&
 +          /* does the abbreviated name on the index line agree with it? */
 +          starts_with(preimage + sizeof(heading) - 1, p->old_sha1_prefix))
 +              return 0; /* it all looks fine */
 +
 +      /* we may have full object name on the index line */
-               unsigned char sha1[20];
++      return get_oid_hex(p->old_sha1_prefix, oid);
 +}
 +
 +/* Build an index that contains the just the files needed for a 3way merge */
 +static int build_fake_ancestor(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *list)
 +{
 +      struct patch *patch;
 +      struct index_state result = { NULL };
 +      static struct lock_file lock;
 +      int res;
 +
 +      /* Once we start supporting the reverse patch, it may be
 +       * worth showing the new sha1 prefix, but until then...
 +       */
 +      for (patch = list; patch; patch = patch->next) {
-                       if (!preimage_sha1_in_gitlink_patch(patch, sha1))
++              struct object_id oid;
 +              struct cache_entry *ce;
 +              const char *name;
 +
 +              name = patch->old_name ? patch->old_name : patch->new_name;
 +              if (0 < patch->is_new)
 +                      continue;
 +
 +              if (S_ISGITLINK(patch->old_mode)) {
-               } else if (!get_sha1_blob(patch->old_sha1_prefix, sha1)) {
++                      if (!preimage_oid_in_gitlink_patch(patch, &oid))
 +                              ; /* ok, the textual part looks sane */
 +                      else
 +                              return error("sha1 information is lacking or "
 +                                           "useless for submodule %s", name);
-                       if (get_current_sha1(state, patch->old_name, sha1))
++              } else if (!get_sha1_blob(patch->old_sha1_prefix, oid.hash)) {
 +                      ; /* ok */
 +              } else if (!patch->lines_added && !patch->lines_deleted) {
 +                      /* mode-only change: update the current */
-               ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, sha1, name, 0, 0);
++                      if (get_current_oid(state, patch->old_name, &oid))
 +                              return error("mode change for %s, which is not "
 +                                           "in current HEAD", name);
 +              } else
 +                      return error("sha1 information is lacking or useless "
 +                                   "(%s).", name);
 +
-       if (res)
-               return error("Could not write temporary index to %s",
-                            state->fake_ancestor);
++              ce = make_cache_entry(patch->old_mode, oid.hash, name, 0, 0);
 +              if (!ce)
 +                      return error(_("make_cache_entry failed for path '%s'"),
 +                                   name);
 +              if (add_index_entry(&result, ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD)) {
 +                      free(ce);
 +                      return error("Could not add %s to temporary index",
 +                                   name);
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, state->fake_ancestor, LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 +      res = write_locked_index(&result, &lock, COMMIT_LOCK);
 +      discard_index(&result);
 +
-       return 0;
- }
++       if (res)
++               return error("Could not write temporary index to %s",
++                            state->fake_ancestor);
 +
- static void stat_patch_list(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
- {
-       int files, adds, dels;
++       return 0;
++ }
 +
-       for (files = adds = dels = 0 ; patch ; patch = patch->next) {
-               files++;
-               adds += patch->lines_added;
-               dels += patch->lines_deleted;
-               show_stats(state, patch);
-       }
-       print_stat_summary(stdout, files, adds, dels);
- }
- static void numstat_patch_list(struct apply_state *state,
-                              struct patch *patch)
- {
-       for ( ; patch; patch = patch->next) {
-               const char *name;
-               name = patch->new_name ? patch->new_name : patch->old_name;
-               if (patch->is_binary)
-                       printf("-\t-\t");
-               else
-                       printf("%d\t%d\t", patch->lines_added, patch->lines_deleted);
-               write_name_quoted(name, stdout, state->line_termination);
-       }
- }
++ static void stat_patch_list(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
++ {
++       int files, adds, dels;
 +
- static void show_file_mode_name(const char *newdelete, unsigned int mode, const char *name)
- {
-       if (mode)
-               printf(" %s mode %06o %s\n", newdelete, mode, name);
-       else
-               printf(" %s %s\n", newdelete, name);
- }
++       for (files = adds = dels = 0 ; patch ; patch = patch->next) {
++               files++;
++               adds += patch->lines_added;
++               dels += patch->lines_deleted;
++               show_stats(state, patch);
++       }
 +
- static void show_mode_change(struct patch *p, int show_name)
- {
-       if (p->old_mode && p->new_mode && p->old_mode != p->new_mode) {
-               if (show_name)
-                       printf(" mode change %06o => %06o %s\n",
-                              p->old_mode, p->new_mode, p->new_name);
-               else
-                       printf(" mode change %06o => %06o\n",
-                              p->old_mode, p->new_mode);
-       }
- }
- static void show_rename_copy(struct patch *p)
- {
-       const char *renamecopy = p->is_rename ? "rename" : "copy";
-       const char *old, *new;
-       /* Find common prefix */
-       old = p->old_name;
-       new = p->new_name;
-       while (1) {
-               const char *slash_old, *slash_new;
-               slash_old = strchr(old, '/');
-               slash_new = strchr(new, '/');
-               if (!slash_old ||
-                   !slash_new ||
-                   slash_old - old != slash_new - new ||
-                   memcmp(old, new, slash_new - new))
-                       break;
-               old = slash_old + 1;
-               new = slash_new + 1;
-       }
-       /* p->old_name thru old is the common prefix, and old and new
-        * through the end of names are renames
-        */
-       if (old != p->old_name)
-               printf(" %s %.*s{%s => %s} (%d%%)\n", renamecopy,
-                      (int)(old - p->old_name), p->old_name,
-                      old, new, p->score);
-       else
-               printf(" %s %s => %s (%d%%)\n", renamecopy,
-                      p->old_name, p->new_name, p->score);
-       show_mode_change(p, 0);
- }
- static void summary_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
- {
-       struct patch *p;
-       for (p = patch; p; p = p->next) {
-               if (p->is_new)
-                       show_file_mode_name("create", p->new_mode, p->new_name);
-               else if (p->is_delete)
-                       show_file_mode_name("delete", p->old_mode, p->old_name);
-               else {
-                       if (p->is_rename || p->is_copy)
-                               show_rename_copy(p);
-                       else {
-                               if (p->score) {
-                                       printf(" rewrite %s (%d%%)\n",
-                                              p->new_name, p->score);
-                                       show_mode_change(p, 0);
-                               }
-                               else
-                                       show_mode_change(p, 1);
-                       }
-               }
-       }
- }
- static void patch_stats(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
- {
-       int lines = patch->lines_added + patch->lines_deleted;
-       if (lines > state->max_change)
-               state->max_change = lines;
-       if (patch->old_name) {
-               int len = quote_c_style(patch->old_name, NULL, NULL, 0);
-               if (!len)
-                       len = strlen(patch->old_name);
-               if (len > state->max_len)
-                       state->max_len = len;
-       }
-       if (patch->new_name) {
-               int len = quote_c_style(patch->new_name, NULL, NULL, 0);
-               if (!len)
-                       len = strlen(patch->new_name);
-               if (len > state->max_len)
-                       state->max_len = len;
-       }
- }
- static int remove_file(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch, int rmdir_empty)
- {
-       if (state->update_index) {
-               if (remove_file_from_cache(patch->old_name) < 0)
-                       return error(_("unable to remove %s from index"), patch->old_name);
-       }
-       if (!state->cached) {
-               if (!remove_or_warn(patch->old_mode, patch->old_name) && rmdir_empty) {
-                       remove_path(patch->old_name);
-               }
-       }
-       return 0;
- }
- static int add_index_file(struct apply_state *state,
-                         const char *path,
-                         unsigned mode,
-                         void *buf,
-                         unsigned long size)
- {
-       struct stat st;
-       struct cache_entry *ce;
-       int namelen = strlen(path);
-       unsigned ce_size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
-       if (!state->update_index)
-               return 0;
-       ce = xcalloc(1, ce_size);
-       memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
-       ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
-       ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
-       ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
-       if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
-               const char *s;
-               if (!skip_prefix(buf, "Subproject commit ", &s) ||
-                   get_sha1_hex(s, ce->sha1)) {
++       print_stat_summary(stdout, files, adds, dels);
++ }
 +
-               if (write_sha1_file(buf, size, blob_type, ce->sha1) < 0) {
++ static void numstat_patch_list(struct apply_state *state,
++                              struct patch *patch)
++ {
++       for ( ; patch; patch = patch->next) {
++               const char *name;
++               name = patch->new_name ? patch->new_name : patch->old_name;
++               if (patch->is_binary)
++                       printf("-\t-\t");
++               else
++                       printf("%d\t%d\t", patch->lines_added, patch->lines_deleted);
++               write_name_quoted(name, stdout, state->line_termination);
++       }
++ }
++
++ static void show_file_mode_name(const char *newdelete, unsigned int mode, const char *name)
++ {
++       if (mode)
++               printf(" %s mode %06o %s\n", newdelete, mode, name);
++       else
++               printf(" %s %s\n", newdelete, name);
++ }
++
++ static void show_mode_change(struct patch *p, int show_name)
++ {
++       if (p->old_mode && p->new_mode && p->old_mode != p->new_mode) {
++               if (show_name)
++                       printf(" mode change %06o => %06o %s\n",
++                              p->old_mode, p->new_mode, p->new_name);
++               else
++                       printf(" mode change %06o => %06o\n",
++                              p->old_mode, p->new_mode);
++       }
++ }
++
++ static void show_rename_copy(struct patch *p)
++ {
++       const char *renamecopy = p->is_rename ? "rename" : "copy";
++       const char *old, *new;
++
++       /* Find common prefix */
++       old = p->old_name;
++       new = p->new_name;
++       while (1) {
++               const char *slash_old, *slash_new;
++               slash_old = strchr(old, '/');
++               slash_new = strchr(new, '/');
++               if (!slash_old ||
++                   !slash_new ||
++                   slash_old - old != slash_new - new ||
++                   memcmp(old, new, slash_new - new))
++                       break;
++               old = slash_old + 1;
++               new = slash_new + 1;
++       }
++       /* p->old_name thru old is the common prefix, and old and new
++        * through the end of names are renames
++        */
++       if (old != p->old_name)
++               printf(" %s %.*s{%s => %s} (%d%%)\n", renamecopy,
++                      (int)(old - p->old_name), p->old_name,
++                      old, new, p->score);
++       else
++               printf(" %s %s => %s (%d%%)\n", renamecopy,
++                      p->old_name, p->new_name, p->score);
++       show_mode_change(p, 0);
++ }
++
++ static void summary_patch_list(struct patch *patch)
++ {
++       struct patch *p;
++
++       for (p = patch; p; p = p->next) {
++               if (p->is_new)
++                       show_file_mode_name("create", p->new_mode, p->new_name);
++               else if (p->is_delete)
++                       show_file_mode_name("delete", p->old_mode, p->old_name);
++               else {
++                       if (p->is_rename || p->is_copy)
++                               show_rename_copy(p);
++                       else {
++                               if (p->score) {
++                                       printf(" rewrite %s (%d%%)\n",
++                                              p->new_name, p->score);
++                                       show_mode_change(p, 0);
++                               }
++                               else
++                                       show_mode_change(p, 1);
++                       }
++               }
++       }
++ }
++
++ static void patch_stats(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
++ {
++       int lines = patch->lines_added + patch->lines_deleted;
++
++       if (lines > state->max_change)
++               state->max_change = lines;
++       if (patch->old_name) {
++               int len = quote_c_style(patch->old_name, NULL, NULL, 0);
++               if (!len)
++                       len = strlen(patch->old_name);
++               if (len > state->max_len)
++                       state->max_len = len;
++       }
++       if (patch->new_name) {
++               int len = quote_c_style(patch->new_name, NULL, NULL, 0);
++               if (!len)
++                       len = strlen(patch->new_name);
++               if (len > state->max_len)
++                       state->max_len = len;
++       }
++ }
++
++ static int remove_file(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch, int rmdir_empty)
++ {
++       if (state->update_index) {
++               if (remove_file_from_cache(patch->old_name) < 0)
++                       return error(_("unable to remove %s from index"), patch->old_name);
++       }
++       if (!state->cached) {
++               if (!remove_or_warn(patch->old_mode, patch->old_name) && rmdir_empty) {
++                       remove_path(patch->old_name);
++               }
++       }
++       return 0;
++ }
++
++ static int add_index_file(struct apply_state *state,
++                         const char *path,
++                         unsigned mode,
++                         void *buf,
++                         unsigned long size)
++ {
++       struct stat st;
++       struct cache_entry *ce;
++       int namelen = strlen(path);
++       unsigned ce_size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
++
++       if (!state->update_index)
++               return 0;
++
++       ce = xcalloc(1, ce_size);
++       memcpy(ce->name, path, namelen);
++       ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
++       ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
++       ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
++       if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
++               const char *s;
++
++               if (!skip_prefix(buf, "Subproject commit ", &s) ||
++                   get_oid_hex(s, &ce->oid)) {
 +                      free(ce);
 +                      return error(_("corrupt patch for submodule %s"), path);
 +              }
 +      } else {
 +              if (!state->cached) {
 +                      if (lstat(path, &st) < 0) {
 +                              free(ce);
 +                              return error_errno(_("unable to stat newly "
 +                                                   "created file '%s'"),
 +                                                 path);
 +                      }
 +                      fill_stat_cache_info(ce, &st);
 +              }
-               hashcpy(ce->sha1, patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1].hash);
++              if (write_sha1_file(buf, size, blob_type, ce->oid.hash) < 0) {
 +                      free(ce);
 +                      return error(_("unable to create backing store "
 +                                     "for newly created file %s"), path);
 +              }
 +      }
 +      if (add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD) < 0) {
 +              free(ce);
 +              return error(_("unable to add cache entry for %s"), path);
 +      }
 +
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Returns:
 + *  -1 if an unrecoverable error happened
 + *   0 if everything went well
 + *   1 if a recoverable error happened
 + */
 +static int try_create_file(const char *path, unsigned int mode, const char *buf, unsigned long size)
 +{
 +      int fd, res;
 +      struct strbuf nbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
 +
 +      if (S_ISGITLINK(mode)) {
 +              struct stat st;
 +              if (!lstat(path, &st) && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
 +                      return 0;
 +              return !!mkdir(path, 0777);
 +      }
 +
 +      if (has_symlinks && S_ISLNK(mode))
 +              /* Although buf:size is counted string, it also is NUL
 +               * terminated.
 +               */
 +              return !!symlink(buf, path);
 +
 +      fd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY, (mode & 0100) ? 0777 : 0666);
 +      if (fd < 0)
 +              return 1;
 +
 +      if (convert_to_working_tree(path, buf, size, &nbuf)) {
 +              size = nbuf.len;
 +              buf  = nbuf.buf;
 +      }
 +
 +      res = write_in_full(fd, buf, size) < 0;
 +      if (res)
 +              error_errno(_("failed to write to '%s'"), path);
 +      strbuf_release(&nbuf);
 +
 +      if (close(fd) < 0 && !res)
 +              return error_errno(_("closing file '%s'"), path);
 +
 +      return res ? -1 : 0;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * We optimistically assume that the directories exist,
 + * which is true 99% of the time anyway. If they don't,
 + * we create them and try again.
 + *
 + * Returns:
 + *   -1 on error
 + *   0 otherwise
 + */
 +static int create_one_file(struct apply_state *state,
 +                         char *path,
 +                         unsigned mode,
 +                         const char *buf,
 +                         unsigned long size)
 +{
 +      int res;
 +
 +      if (state->cached)
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      res = try_create_file(path, mode, buf, size);
 +      if (res < 0)
 +              return -1;
 +      if (!res)
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      if (errno == ENOENT) {
 +              if (safe_create_leading_directories(path))
 +                      return 0;
 +              res = try_create_file(path, mode, buf, size);
 +              if (res < 0)
 +                      return -1;
 +              if (!res)
 +                      return 0;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (errno == EEXIST || errno == EACCES) {
 +              /* We may be trying to create a file where a directory
 +               * used to be.
 +               */
 +              struct stat st;
 +              if (!lstat(path, &st) && (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) || !rmdir(path)))
 +                      errno = EEXIST;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (errno == EEXIST) {
 +              unsigned int nr = getpid();
 +
 +              for (;;) {
 +                      char newpath[PATH_MAX];
 +                      mksnpath(newpath, sizeof(newpath), "%s~%u", path, nr);
 +                      res = try_create_file(newpath, mode, buf, size);
 +                      if (res < 0)
 +                              return -1;
 +                      if (!res) {
 +                              if (!rename(newpath, path))
 +                                      return 0;
 +                              unlink_or_warn(newpath);
 +                              break;
 +                      }
 +                      if (errno != EEXIST)
 +                              break;
 +                      ++nr;
 +              }
 +      }
 +      return error_errno(_("unable to write file '%s' mode %o"),
 +                         path, mode);
 +}
 +
 +static int add_conflicted_stages_file(struct apply_state *state,
 +                                     struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      int stage, namelen;
 +      unsigned ce_size, mode;
 +      struct cache_entry *ce;
 +
 +      if (!state->update_index)
 +              return 0;
 +      namelen = strlen(patch->new_name);
 +      ce_size = cache_entry_size(namelen);
 +      mode = patch->new_mode ? patch->new_mode : (S_IFREG | 0644);
 +
 +      remove_file_from_cache(patch->new_name);
 +      for (stage = 1; stage < 4; stage++) {
 +              if (is_null_oid(&patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1]))
 +                      continue;
 +              ce = xcalloc(1, ce_size);
 +              memcpy(ce->name, patch->new_name, namelen);
 +              ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
 +              ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
 +              ce->ce_namelen = namelen;
++              oidcpy(&ce->oid, &patch->threeway_stage[stage - 1]);
 +              if (add_cache_entry(ce, ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD) < 0) {
 +                      free(ce);
 +                      return error(_("unable to add cache entry for %s"),
 +                                   patch->new_name);
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int create_file(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      char *path = patch->new_name;
 +      unsigned mode = patch->new_mode;
 +      unsigned long size = patch->resultsize;
 +      char *buf = patch->result;
 +
 +      if (!mode)
 +              mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
 +      if (create_one_file(state, path, mode, buf, size))
 +              return -1;
 +
 +      if (patch->conflicted_threeway)
 +              return add_conflicted_stages_file(state, patch);
 +      else
 +              return add_index_file(state, path, mode, buf, size);
 +}
 +
 +/* phase zero is to remove, phase one is to create */
 +static int write_out_one_result(struct apply_state *state,
 +                              struct patch *patch,
 +                              int phase)
 +{
 +      if (patch->is_delete > 0) {
 +              if (phase == 0)
 +                      return remove_file(state, patch, 1);
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +      if (patch->is_new > 0 || patch->is_copy) {
 +              if (phase == 1)
 +                      return create_file(state, patch);
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +      /*
 +       * Rename or modification boils down to the same
 +       * thing: remove the old, write the new
 +       */
 +      if (phase == 0)
 +              return remove_file(state, patch, patch->is_rename);
 +      if (phase == 1)
 +              return create_file(state, patch);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int write_out_one_reject(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *patch)
 +{
 +      FILE *rej;
 +      char namebuf[PATH_MAX];
 +      struct fragment *frag;
 +      int cnt = 0;
 +      struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 +
 +      for (cnt = 0, frag = patch->fragments; frag; frag = frag->next) {
 +              if (!frag->rejected)
 +                      continue;
 +              cnt++;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (!cnt) {
 +              if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_normal)
 +                      say_patch_name(stderr,
 +                                     _("Applied patch %s cleanly."), patch);
 +              return 0;
 +      }
 +
 +      /* This should not happen, because a removal patch that leaves
 +       * contents are marked "rejected" at the patch level.
 +       */
 +      if (!patch->new_name)
 +              die(_("internal error"));
 +
 +      /* Say this even without --verbose */
 +      strbuf_addf(&sb, Q_("Applying patch %%s with %d reject...",
 +                          "Applying patch %%s with %d rejects...",
 +                          cnt),
 +                  cnt);
 +      if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent)
 +              say_patch_name(stderr, sb.buf, patch);
 +      strbuf_release(&sb);
 +
 +      cnt = strlen(patch->new_name);
 +      if (ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf) <= cnt + 5) {
 +              cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(namebuf) - 5;
 +              warning(_("truncating .rej filename to %.*s.rej"),
 +                      cnt - 1, patch->new_name);
 +      }
 +      memcpy(namebuf, patch->new_name, cnt);
 +      memcpy(namebuf + cnt, ".rej", 5);
 +
 +      rej = fopen(namebuf, "w");
 +      if (!rej)
 +              return error_errno(_("cannot open %s"), namebuf);
 +
 +      /* Normal git tools never deal with .rej, so do not pretend
 +       * this is a git patch by saying --git or giving extended
 +       * headers.  While at it, maybe please "kompare" that wants
 +       * the trailing TAB and some garbage at the end of line ;-).
 +       */
 +      fprintf(rej, "diff a/%s b/%s\t(rejected hunks)\n",
 +              patch->new_name, patch->new_name);
 +      for (cnt = 1, frag = patch->fragments;
 +           frag;
 +           cnt++, frag = frag->next) {
 +              if (!frag->rejected) {
 +                      if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent)
 +                              fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Hunk #%d applied cleanly."), cnt);
 +                      continue;
 +              }
 +              if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent)
 +                      fprintf_ln(stderr, _("Rejected hunk #%d."), cnt);
 +              fprintf(rej, "%.*s", frag->size, frag->patch);
 +              if (frag->patch[frag->size-1] != '\n')
 +                      fputc('\n', rej);
 +      }
 +      fclose(rej);
 +      return -1;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Returns:
 + *  -1 if an error happened
 + *   0 if the patch applied cleanly
 + *   1 if the patch did not apply cleanly
 + */
 +static int write_out_results(struct apply_state *state, struct patch *list)
 +{
 +      int phase;
 +      int errs = 0;
 +      struct patch *l;
 +      struct string_list cpath = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 +
 +      for (phase = 0; phase < 2; phase++) {
 +              l = list;
 +              while (l) {
 +                      if (l->rejected)
 +                              errs = 1;
 +                      else {
 +                              if (write_out_one_result(state, l, phase)) {
 +                                      string_list_clear(&cpath, 0);
 +                                      return -1;
 +                              }
 +                              if (phase == 1) {
 +                                      if (write_out_one_reject(state, l))
 +                                              errs = 1;
 +                                      if (l->conflicted_threeway) {
 +                                              string_list_append(&cpath, l->new_name);
 +                                              errs = 1;
 +                                      }
 +                              }
 +                      }
 +                      l = l->next;
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      if (cpath.nr) {
 +              struct string_list_item *item;
 +
 +              string_list_sort(&cpath);
 +              if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent) {
 +                      for_each_string_list_item(item, &cpath)
 +                              fprintf(stderr, "U %s\n", item->string);
 +              }
 +              string_list_clear(&cpath, 0);
 +
 +              rerere(0);
 +      }
 +
 +      return errs;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Try to apply a patch.
 + *
 + * Returns:
 + *  -128 if a bad error happened (like patch unreadable)
 + *  -1 if patch did not apply and user cannot deal with it
 + *   0 if the patch applied
 + *   1 if the patch did not apply but user might fix it
 + */
 +static int apply_patch(struct apply_state *state,
 +                     int fd,
 +                     const char *filename,
 +                     int options)
 +{
 +      size_t offset;
 +      struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT; /* owns the patch text */
 +      struct patch *list = NULL, **listp = &list;
 +      int skipped_patch = 0;
 +      int res = 0;
 +
 +      state->patch_input_file = filename;
 +      if (read_patch_file(&buf, fd) < 0)
 +              return -128;
 +      offset = 0;
 +      while (offset < buf.len) {
 +              struct patch *patch;
 +              int nr;
 +
 +              patch = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*patch));
 +              patch->inaccurate_eof = !!(options & APPLY_OPT_INACCURATE_EOF);
 +              patch->recount =  !!(options & APPLY_OPT_RECOUNT);
 +              nr = parse_chunk(state, buf.buf + offset, buf.len - offset, patch);
 +              if (nr < 0) {
 +                      free_patch(patch);
 +                      if (nr == -128) {
 +                              res = -128;
 +                              goto end;
 +                      }
 +                      break;
 +              }
 +              if (state->apply_in_reverse)
 +                      reverse_patches(patch);
 +              if (use_patch(state, patch)) {
 +                      patch_stats(state, patch);
 +                      *listp = patch;
 +                      listp = &patch->next;
 +              }
 +              else {
 +                      if (state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_normal)
 +                              say_patch_name(stderr, _("Skipped patch '%s'."), patch);
 +                      free_patch(patch);
 +                      skipped_patch++;
 +              }
 +              offset += nr;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (!list && !skipped_patch) {
 +              error(_("unrecognized input"));
 +              res = -128;
 +              goto end;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (state->whitespace_error && (state->ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error))
 +              state->apply = 0;
 +
 +      state->update_index = state->check_index && state->apply;
 +      if (state->update_index && state->newfd < 0) {
 +              if (state->index_file)
 +                      state->newfd = hold_lock_file_for_update(state->lock_file,
 +                                                               state->index_file,
 +                                                               LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 +              else
 +                      state->newfd = hold_locked_index(state->lock_file, 1);
 +      }
 +
 +      if (state->check_index && read_apply_cache(state) < 0) {
 +              error(_("unable to read index file"));
 +              res = -128;
 +              goto end;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (state->check || state->apply) {
 +              int r = check_patch_list(state, list);
 +              if (r == -128) {
 +                      res = -128;
 +                      goto end;
 +              }
 +              if (r < 0 && !state->apply_with_reject) {
 +                      res = -1;
 +                      goto end;
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      if (state->apply) {
 +              int write_res = write_out_results(state, list);
 +              if (write_res < 0) {
 +                      res = -128;
 +                      goto end;
 +              }
 +              if (write_res > 0) {
 +                      /* with --3way, we still need to write the index out */
 +                      res = state->apply_with_reject ? -1 : 1;
 +                      goto end;
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      if (state->fake_ancestor &&
 +          build_fake_ancestor(state, list)) {
 +              res = -128;
 +              goto end;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (state->diffstat && state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent)
 +              stat_patch_list(state, list);
 +
 +      if (state->numstat && state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent)
 +              numstat_patch_list(state, list);
 +
 +      if (state->summary && state->apply_verbosity > verbosity_silent)
 +              summary_patch_list(list);
 +
 +end:
 +      free_patch_list(list);
 +      strbuf_release(&buf);
 +      string_list_clear(&state->fn_table, 0);
 +      return res;
 +}
 +
 +static int apply_option_parse_exclude(const struct option *opt,
 +                                    const char *arg, int unset)
 +{
 +      struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
 +      add_name_limit(state, arg, 1);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int apply_option_parse_include(const struct option *opt,
 +                                    const char *arg, int unset)
 +{
 +      struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
 +      add_name_limit(state, arg, 0);
 +      state->has_include = 1;
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int apply_option_parse_p(const struct option *opt,
 +                              const char *arg,
 +                              int unset)
 +{
 +      struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
 +      state->p_value = atoi(arg);
 +      state->p_value_known = 1;
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int apply_option_parse_space_change(const struct option *opt,
 +                                         const char *arg, int unset)
 +{
 +      struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
 +      if (unset)
 +              state->ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_none;
 +      else
 +              state->ws_ignore_action = ignore_ws_change;
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int apply_option_parse_whitespace(const struct option *opt,
 +                                       const char *arg, int unset)
 +{
 +      struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
 +      state->whitespace_option = arg;
 +      if (parse_whitespace_option(state, arg))
 +              exit(1);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static int apply_option_parse_directory(const struct option *opt,
 +                                      const char *arg, int unset)
 +{
 +      struct apply_state *state = opt->value;
 +      strbuf_reset(&state->root);
 +      strbuf_addstr(&state->root, arg);
 +      strbuf_complete(&state->root, '/');
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +int apply_all_patches(struct apply_state *state,
 +                    int argc,
 +                    const char **argv,
 +                    int options)
 +{
 +      int i;
 +      int res;
 +      int errs = 0;
 +      int read_stdin = 1;
 +
 +      for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 +              const char *arg = argv[i];
 +              int fd;
 +
 +              if (!strcmp(arg, "-")) {
 +                      res = apply_patch(state, 0, "<stdin>", options);
 +                      if (res < 0)
 +                              goto end;
 +                      errs |= res;
 +                      read_stdin = 0;
 +                      continue;
 +              } else if (0 < state->prefix_length)
 +                      arg = prefix_filename(state->prefix,
 +                                            state->prefix_length,
 +                                            arg);
 +
 +              fd = open(arg, O_RDONLY);
 +              if (fd < 0) {
 +                      error(_("can't open patch '%s': %s"), arg, strerror(errno));
 +                      res = -128;
 +                      goto end;
 +              }
 +              read_stdin = 0;
 +              set_default_whitespace_mode(state);
 +              res = apply_patch(state, fd, arg, options);
 +              close(fd);
 +              if (res < 0)
 +                      goto end;
 +              errs |= res;
 +      }
 +      set_default_whitespace_mode(state);
 +      if (read_stdin) {
 +              res = apply_patch(state, 0, "<stdin>", options);
 +              if (res < 0)
 +                      goto end;
 +              errs |= res;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (state->whitespace_error) {
 +              if (state->squelch_whitespace_errors &&
 +                  state->squelch_whitespace_errors < state->whitespace_error) {
 +                      int squelched =
 +                              state->whitespace_error - state->squelch_whitespace_errors;
 +                      warning(Q_("squelched %d whitespace error",
 +                                 "squelched %d whitespace errors",
 +                                 squelched),
 +                              squelched);
 +              }
 +              if (state->ws_error_action == die_on_ws_error) {
 +                      error(Q_("%d line adds whitespace errors.",
 +                               "%d lines add whitespace errors.",
 +                               state->whitespace_error),
 +                            state->whitespace_error);
 +                      res = -128;
 +                      goto end;
 +              }
 +              if (state->applied_after_fixing_ws && state->apply)
 +                      warning("%d line%s applied after"
 +                              " fixing whitespace errors.",
 +                              state->applied_after_fixing_ws,
 +                              state->applied_after_fixing_ws == 1 ? "" : "s");
 +              else if (state->whitespace_error)
 +                      warning(Q_("%d line adds whitespace errors.",
 +                                 "%d lines add whitespace errors.",
 +                                 state->whitespace_error),
 +                              state->whitespace_error);
 +      }
 +
 +      if (state->update_index) {
 +              res = write_locked_index(&the_index, state->lock_file, COMMIT_LOCK);
 +              if (res) {
 +                      error(_("Unable to write new index file"));
 +                      res = -128;
 +                      goto end;
 +              }
 +              state->newfd = -1;
 +      }
 +
 +      res = !!errs;
 +
 +end:
 +      if (state->newfd >= 0) {
 +              rollback_lock_file(state->lock_file);
 +              state->newfd = -1;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (state->apply_verbosity <= verbosity_silent) {
 +              set_error_routine(state->saved_error_routine);
 +              set_warn_routine(state->saved_warn_routine);
 +      }
 +
 +      if (res > -1)
 +              return res;
 +      return (res == -1 ? 1 : 128);
 +}
 +
 +int apply_parse_options(int argc, const char **argv,
 +                      struct apply_state *state,
 +                      int *force_apply, int *options,
 +                      const char * const *apply_usage)
 +{
 +      struct option builtin_apply_options[] = {
 +              { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "exclude", state, N_("path"),
 +                      N_("don't apply changes matching the given path"),
 +                      0, apply_option_parse_exclude },
 +              { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "include", state, N_("path"),
 +                      N_("apply changes matching the given path"),
 +                      0, apply_option_parse_include },
 +              { OPTION_CALLBACK, 'p', NULL, state, N_("num"),
 +                      N_("remove <num> leading slashes from traditional diff paths"),
 +                      0, apply_option_parse_p },
 +              OPT_BOOL(0, "no-add", &state->no_add,
 +                      N_("ignore additions made by the patch")),
 +              OPT_BOOL(0, "stat", &state->diffstat,
 +                      N_("instead of applying the patch, output diffstat for the input")),
 +              OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "allow-binary-replacement"),
 +              OPT_NOOP_NOARG(0, "binary"),
 +              OPT_BOOL(0, "numstat", &state->numstat,
 +                      N_("show number of added and deleted lines in decimal notation")),
 +              OPT_BOOL(0, "summary", &state->summary,
 +                      N_("instead of applying the patch, output a summary for the input")),
 +              OPT_BOOL(0, "check", &state->check,
 +                      N_("instead of applying the patch, see if the patch is applicable")),
 +              OPT_BOOL(0, "index", &state->check_index,
 +                      N_("make sure the patch is applicable to the current index")),
 +              OPT_BOOL(0, "cached", &state->cached,
 +                      N_("apply a patch without touching the working tree")),
 +              OPT_BOOL(0, "unsafe-paths", &state->unsafe_paths,
 +                      N_("accept a patch that touches outside the working area")),
 +              OPT_BOOL(0, "apply", force_apply,
 +                      N_("also apply the patch (use with --stat/--summary/--check)")),
 +              OPT_BOOL('3', "3way", &state->threeway,
 +                       N_( "attempt three-way merge if a patch does not apply")),
 +              OPT_FILENAME(0, "build-fake-ancestor", &state->fake_ancestor,
 +                      N_("build a temporary index based on embedded index information")),
 +              /* Think twice before adding "--nul" synonym to this */
 +              OPT_SET_INT('z', NULL, &state->line_termination,
 +                      N_("paths are separated with NUL character"), '\0'),
 +              OPT_INTEGER('C', NULL, &state->p_context,
 +                              N_("ensure at least <n> lines of context match")),
 +              { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "whitespace", state, N_("action"),
 +                      N_("detect new or modified lines that have whitespace errors"),
 +                      0, apply_option_parse_whitespace },
 +              { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-space-change", state, NULL,
 +                      N_("ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"),
 +                      PARSE_OPT_NOARG, apply_option_parse_space_change },
 +              { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "ignore-whitespace", state, NULL,
 +                      N_("ignore changes in whitespace when finding context"),
 +                      PARSE_OPT_NOARG, apply_option_parse_space_change },
 +              OPT_BOOL('R', "reverse", &state->apply_in_reverse,
 +                      N_("apply the patch in reverse")),
 +              OPT_BOOL(0, "unidiff-zero", &state->unidiff_zero,
 +                      N_("don't expect at least one line of context")),
 +              OPT_BOOL(0, "reject", &state->apply_with_reject,
 +                      N_("leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej files")),
 +              OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-overlap", &state->allow_overlap,
 +                      N_("allow overlapping hunks")),
 +              OPT__VERBOSE(&state->apply_verbosity, N_("be verbose")),
 +              OPT_BIT(0, "inaccurate-eof", options,
 +                      N_("tolerate incorrectly detected missing new-line at the end of file"),
 +                      APPLY_OPT_INACCURATE_EOF),
 +              OPT_BIT(0, "recount", options,
 +                      N_("do not trust the line counts in the hunk headers"),
 +                      APPLY_OPT_RECOUNT),
 +              { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "directory", state, N_("root"),
 +                      N_("prepend <root> to all filenames"),
 +                      0, apply_option_parse_directory },
 +              OPT_END()
 +      };
 +
 +      return parse_options(argc, argv, state->prefix, builtin_apply_options, apply_usage, 0);
 +}
diff --combined builtin/am.c
index ddd23badae2eea631db10e754c0fcd2ed2d449b4,1b4829a1f7e5d6fe6bfe5bb741f7b3bc2431df8c..6981f42ce986dc5a9fa76bed8364cee7c6c642aa
@@@ -28,8 -28,6 +28,8 @@@
  #include "rerere.h"
  #include "prompt.h"
  #include "mailinfo.h"
 +#include "apply.h"
 +#include "string-list.h"
  
  /**
   * Returns 1 if the file is empty or does not exist, 0 otherwise.
@@@ -110,7 -108,7 +110,7 @@@ struct am_state 
        size_t msg_len;
  
        /* when --rebasing, records the original commit the patch came from */
-       unsigned char orig_commit[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+       struct object_id orig_commit;
  
        /* number of digits in patch filename */
        int prec;
@@@ -260,29 -258,38 +260,29 @@@ static int read_state_file(struct strbu
  }
  
  /**
 - * Reads a KEY=VALUE shell variable assignment from `fp`, returning the VALUE
 - * as a newly-allocated string. VALUE must be a quoted string, and the KEY must
 - * match `key`. Returns NULL on failure.
 - *
 - * This is used by read_author_script() to read the GIT_AUTHOR_* variables from
 - * the author-script.
 + * Take a series of KEY='VALUE' lines where VALUE part is
 + * sq-quoted, and append <KEY, VALUE> at the end of the string list
   */
 -static char *read_shell_var(FILE *fp, const char *key)
 +static int parse_key_value_squoted(char *buf, struct string_list *list)
  {
 -      struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 -      const char *str;
 -
 -      if (strbuf_getline_lf(&sb, fp))
 -              goto fail;
 -
 -      if (!skip_prefix(sb.buf, key, &str))
 -              goto fail;
 -
 -      if (!skip_prefix(str, "=", &str))
 -              goto fail;
 -
 -      strbuf_remove(&sb, 0, str - sb.buf);
 -
 -      str = sq_dequote(sb.buf);
 -      if (!str)
 -              goto fail;
 -
 -      return strbuf_detach(&sb, NULL);
 -
 -fail:
 -      strbuf_release(&sb);
 -      return NULL;
 +      while (*buf) {
 +              struct string_list_item *item;
 +              char *np;
 +              char *cp = strchr(buf, '=');
 +              if (!cp)
 +                      return -1;
 +              np = strchrnul(cp, '\n');
 +              *cp++ = '\0';
 +              item = string_list_append(list, buf);
 +
 +              buf = np + (*np == '\n');
 +              *np = '\0';
 +              cp = sq_dequote(cp);
 +              if (!cp)
 +                      return -1;
 +              item->util = xstrdup(cp);
 +      }
 +      return 0;
  }
  
  /**
  static int read_author_script(struct am_state *state)
  {
        const char *filename = am_path(state, "author-script");
 -      FILE *fp;
 +      struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      struct string_list kv = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
 +      int retval = -1; /* assume failure */
 +      int fd;
  
        assert(!state->author_name);
        assert(!state->author_email);
        assert(!state->author_date);
  
 -      fp = fopen(filename, "r");
 -      if (!fp) {
 +      fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
 +      if (fd < 0) {
                if (errno == ENOENT)
                        return 0;
                die_errno(_("could not open '%s' for reading"), filename);
        }
 +      strbuf_read(&buf, fd, 0);
 +      close(fd);
 +      if (parse_key_value_squoted(buf.buf, &kv))
 +              goto finish;
  
 -      state->author_name = read_shell_var(fp, "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME");
 -      if (!state->author_name) {
 -              fclose(fp);
 -              return -1;
 -      }
 -
 -      state->author_email = read_shell_var(fp, "GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL");
 -      if (!state->author_email) {
 -              fclose(fp);
 -              return -1;
 -      }
 -
 -      state->author_date = read_shell_var(fp, "GIT_AUTHOR_DATE");
 -      if (!state->author_date) {
 -              fclose(fp);
 -              return -1;
 -      }
 -
 -      if (fgetc(fp) != EOF) {
 -              fclose(fp);
 -              return -1;
 -      }
 -
 -      fclose(fp);
 -      return 0;
 +      if (kv.nr != 3 ||
 +          strcmp(kv.items[0].string, "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME") ||
 +          strcmp(kv.items[1].string, "GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL") ||
 +          strcmp(kv.items[2].string, "GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"))
 +              goto finish;
 +      state->author_name = kv.items[0].util;
 +      state->author_email = kv.items[1].util;
 +      state->author_date = kv.items[2].util;
 +      retval = 0;
 +finish:
 +      string_list_clear(&kv, !!retval);
 +      strbuf_release(&buf);
 +      return retval;
  }
  
  /**
@@@ -416,8 -428,8 +416,8 @@@ static void am_load(struct am_state *st
        read_commit_msg(state);
  
        if (read_state_file(&sb, state, "original-commit", 1) < 0)
-               hashclr(state->orig_commit);
-       else if (get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, state->orig_commit) < 0)
+               oidclr(&state->orig_commit);
+       else if (get_oid_hex(sb.buf, &state->orig_commit) < 0)
                die(_("could not parse %s"), am_path(state, "original-commit"));
  
        read_state_file(&sb, state, "threeway", 1);
@@@ -543,14 -555,14 +543,14 @@@ static int copy_notes_for_rebase(const 
        fp = xfopen(am_path(state, "rewritten"), "r");
  
        while (!strbuf_getline_lf(&sb, fp)) {
-               unsigned char from_obj[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ], to_obj[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+               struct object_id from_obj, to_obj;
  
                if (sb.len != GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ * 2 + 1) {
                        ret = error(invalid_line, sb.buf);
                        goto finish;
                }
  
-               if (get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, from_obj)) {
+               if (get_oid_hex(sb.buf, &from_obj)) {
                        ret = error(invalid_line, sb.buf);
                        goto finish;
                }
                        goto finish;
                }
  
-               if (get_sha1_hex(sb.buf + GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1, to_obj)) {
+               if (get_oid_hex(sb.buf + GIT_SHA1_HEXSZ + 1, &to_obj)) {
                        ret = error(invalid_line, sb.buf);
                        goto finish;
                }
  
-               if (copy_note_for_rewrite(c, from_obj, to_obj))
+               if (copy_note_for_rewrite(c, from_obj.hash, to_obj.hash))
                        ret = error(_("Failed to copy notes from '%s' to '%s'"),
-                                       sha1_to_hex(from_obj), sha1_to_hex(to_obj));
+                                       oid_to_hex(&from_obj), oid_to_hex(&to_obj));
        }
  
  finish:
@@@ -973,7 -985,7 +973,7 @@@ static int split_mail(struct am_state *
  static void am_setup(struct am_state *state, enum patch_format patch_format,
                        const char **paths, int keep_cr)
  {
-       unsigned char curr_head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+       struct object_id curr_head;
        const char *str;
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
  
        else
                write_state_text(state, "applying", "");
  
-       if (!get_sha1("HEAD", curr_head)) {
-               write_state_text(state, "abort-safety", sha1_to_hex(curr_head));
+       if (!get_oid("HEAD", &curr_head)) {
+               write_state_text(state, "abort-safety", oid_to_hex(&curr_head));
                if (!state->rebasing)
-                       update_ref("am", "ORIG_HEAD", curr_head, NULL, 0,
+                       update_ref_oid("am", "ORIG_HEAD", &curr_head, NULL, 0,
                                        UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
        } else {
                write_state_text(state, "abort-safety", "");
   */
  static void am_next(struct am_state *state)
  {
-       unsigned char head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+       struct object_id head;
  
        free(state->author_name);
        state->author_name = NULL;
        unlink(am_path(state, "author-script"));
        unlink(am_path(state, "final-commit"));
  
-       hashclr(state->orig_commit);
+       oidclr(&state->orig_commit);
        unlink(am_path(state, "original-commit"));
  
-       if (!get_sha1("HEAD", head))
-               write_state_text(state, "abort-safety", sha1_to_hex(head));
+       if (!get_oid("HEAD", &head))
+               write_state_text(state, "abort-safety", oid_to_hex(&head));
        else
                write_state_text(state, "abort-safety", "");
  
@@@ -1133,17 -1145,17 +1133,17 @@@ static void refresh_and_write_cache(voi
   */
  static int index_has_changes(struct strbuf *sb)
  {
-       unsigned char head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+       struct object_id head;
        int i;
  
-       if (!get_sha1_tree("HEAD", head)) {
+       if (!get_sha1_tree("HEAD", head.hash)) {
                struct diff_options opt;
  
                diff_setup(&opt);
                DIFF_OPT_SET(&opt, EXIT_WITH_STATUS);
                if (!sb)
                        DIFF_OPT_SET(&opt, QUICK);
-               do_diff_cache(head, &opt);
+               do_diff_cache(head.hash, &opt);
                diffcore_std(&opt);
                for (i = 0; sb && i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
                        if (i)
@@@ -1350,7 -1362,7 +1350,7 @@@ finish
   * Sets commit_id to the commit hash where the mail was generated from.
   * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
   */
- static int get_mail_commit_sha1(unsigned char *commit_id, const char *mail)
+ static int get_mail_commit_oid(struct object_id *commit_id, const char *mail)
  {
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
        FILE *fp = xfopen(mail, "r");
        if (!skip_prefix(sb.buf, "From ", &x))
                return -1;
  
-       if (get_sha1_hex(x, commit_id) < 0)
+       if (get_oid_hex(x, commit_id) < 0)
                return -1;
  
        strbuf_release(&sb);
@@@ -1452,12 -1464,12 +1452,12 @@@ static void write_commit_patch(const st
  static void write_index_patch(const struct am_state *state)
  {
        struct tree *tree;
-       unsigned char head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+       struct object_id head;
        struct rev_info rev_info;
        FILE *fp;
  
-       if (!get_sha1_tree("HEAD", head))
-               tree = lookup_tree(head);
+       if (!get_sha1_tree("HEAD", head.hash))
+               tree = lookup_tree(head.hash);
        else
                tree = lookup_tree(EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
  
  static int parse_mail_rebase(struct am_state *state, const char *mail)
  {
        struct commit *commit;
-       unsigned char commit_sha1[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+       struct object_id commit_oid;
  
-       if (get_mail_commit_sha1(commit_sha1, mail) < 0)
+       if (get_mail_commit_oid(&commit_oid, mail) < 0)
                die(_("could not parse %s"), mail);
  
-       commit = lookup_commit_or_die(commit_sha1, mail);
+       commit = lookup_commit_or_die(commit_oid.hash, mail);
  
        get_commit_info(state, commit);
  
        write_commit_patch(state, commit);
  
-       hashcpy(state->orig_commit, commit_sha1);
-       write_state_text(state, "original-commit", sha1_to_hex(commit_sha1));
+       oidcpy(&state->orig_commit, &commit_oid);
+       write_state_text(state, "original-commit", oid_to_hex(&commit_oid));
  
        return 0;
  }
   */
  static int run_apply(const struct am_state *state, const char *index_file)
  {
 -      struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
 -
 -      cp.git_cmd = 1;
 -
 -      if (index_file)
 -              argv_array_pushf(&cp.env_array, "GIT_INDEX_FILE=%s", index_file);
 +      struct argv_array apply_paths = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 +      struct argv_array apply_opts = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
 +      struct apply_state apply_state;
 +      int res, opts_left;
 +      static struct lock_file lock_file;
 +      int force_apply = 0;
 +      int options = 0;
 +
 +      if (init_apply_state(&apply_state, NULL, &lock_file))
 +              die("BUG: init_apply_state() failed");
 +
 +      argv_array_push(&apply_opts, "apply");
 +      argv_array_pushv(&apply_opts, state->git_apply_opts.argv);
 +
 +      opts_left = apply_parse_options(apply_opts.argc, apply_opts.argv,
 +                                      &apply_state, &force_apply, &options,
 +                                      NULL);
 +
 +      if (opts_left != 0)
 +              die("unknown option passed through to git apply");
 +
 +      if (index_file) {
 +              apply_state.index_file = index_file;
 +              apply_state.cached = 1;
 +      } else
 +              apply_state.check_index = 1;
  
        /*
         * If we are allowed to fall back on 3-way merge, don't give false
         * errors during the initial attempt.
         */
 -      if (state->threeway && !index_file) {
 -              cp.no_stdout = 1;
 -              cp.no_stderr = 1;
 -      }
 +      if (state->threeway && !index_file)
 +              apply_state.apply_verbosity = verbosity_silent;
  
 -      argv_array_push(&cp.args, "apply");
 +      if (check_apply_state(&apply_state, force_apply))
 +              die("BUG: check_apply_state() failed");
  
 -      argv_array_pushv(&cp.args, state->git_apply_opts.argv);
 +      argv_array_push(&apply_paths, am_path(state, "patch"));
  
 -      if (index_file)
 -              argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--cached");
 -      else
 -              argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--index");
 +      res = apply_all_patches(&apply_state, apply_paths.argc, apply_paths.argv, options);
  
 -      argv_array_push(&cp.args, am_path(state, "patch"));
 +      argv_array_clear(&apply_paths);
 +      argv_array_clear(&apply_opts);
 +      clear_apply_state(&apply_state);
  
 -      if (run_command(&cp))
 -              return -1;
 +      if (res)
 +              return res;
  
 -      /* Reload index as git-apply will have modified it. */
 -      discard_cache();
 -      read_cache_from(index_file ? index_file : get_index_file());
 +      if (index_file) {
 +              /* Reload index as apply_all_patches() will have modified it. */
 +              discard_cache();
 +              read_cache_from(index_file);
 +      }
  
        return 0;
  }
@@@ -1673,9 -1665,8 +1673,8 @@@ static int fall_back_threeway(const str
   */
  static void do_commit(const struct am_state *state)
  {
-       unsigned char tree[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ], parent[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ],
-                     commit[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
-       unsigned char *ptr;
+       struct object_id tree, parent, commit;
+       const struct object_id *old_oid;
        struct commit_list *parents = NULL;
        const char *reflog_msg, *author;
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
        if (run_hook_le(NULL, "pre-applypatch", NULL))
                exit(1);
  
-       if (write_cache_as_tree(tree, 0, NULL))
+       if (write_cache_as_tree(tree.hash, 0, NULL))
                die(_("git write-tree failed to write a tree"));
  
-       if (!get_sha1_commit("HEAD", parent)) {
-               ptr = parent;
-               commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(parent), &parents);
+       if (!get_sha1_commit("HEAD", parent.hash)) {
+               old_oid = &parent;
+               commit_list_insert(lookup_commit(parent.hash), &parents);
        } else {
-               ptr = NULL;
+               old_oid = NULL;
                say(state, stderr, _("applying to an empty history"));
        }
  
                setenv("GIT_COMMITTER_DATE",
                        state->ignore_date ? "" : state->author_date, 1);
  
-       if (commit_tree(state->msg, state->msg_len, tree, parents, commit,
+       if (commit_tree(state->msg, state->msg_len, tree.hash, parents, commit.hash,
                                author, state->sign_commit))
                die(_("failed to write commit object"));
  
        strbuf_addf(&sb, "%s: %.*s", reflog_msg, linelen(state->msg),
                        state->msg);
  
-       update_ref(sb.buf, "HEAD", commit, ptr, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
+       update_ref_oid(sb.buf, "HEAD", &commit, old_oid, 0,
+                       UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
  
        if (state->rebasing) {
                FILE *fp = xfopen(am_path(state, "rewritten"), "a");
  
-               assert(!is_null_sha1(state->orig_commit));
-               fprintf(fp, "%s ", sha1_to_hex(state->orig_commit));
-               fprintf(fp, "%s\n", sha1_to_hex(commit));
+               assert(!is_null_oid(&state->orig_commit));
+               fprintf(fp, "%s ", oid_to_hex(&state->orig_commit));
+               fprintf(fp, "%s\n", oid_to_hex(&commit));
                fclose(fp);
        }
  
@@@ -2041,30 -2033,30 +2041,30 @@@ static int merge_tree(struct tree *tree
   * Clean the index without touching entries that are not modified between
   * `head` and `remote`.
   */
- static int clean_index(const unsigned char *head, const unsigned char *remote)
+ static int clean_index(const struct object_id *head, const struct object_id *remote)
  {
        struct tree *head_tree, *remote_tree, *index_tree;
-       unsigned char index[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+       struct object_id index;
  
-       head_tree = parse_tree_indirect(head);
+       head_tree = parse_tree_indirect(head->hash);
        if (!head_tree)
-               return error(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), sha1_to_hex(head));
+               return error(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), oid_to_hex(head));
  
-       remote_tree = parse_tree_indirect(remote);
+       remote_tree = parse_tree_indirect(remote->hash);
        if (!remote_tree)
-               return error(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), sha1_to_hex(remote));
+               return error(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), oid_to_hex(remote));
  
        read_cache_unmerged();
  
        if (fast_forward_to(head_tree, head_tree, 1))
                return -1;
  
-       if (write_cache_as_tree(index, 0, NULL))
+       if (write_cache_as_tree(index.hash, 0, NULL))
                return -1;
  
-       index_tree = parse_tree_indirect(index);
+       index_tree = parse_tree_indirect(index.hash);
        if (!index_tree)
-               return error(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), sha1_to_hex(index));
+               return error(_("Could not parse object '%s'."), oid_to_hex(&index));
  
        if (fast_forward_to(index_tree, remote_tree, 0))
                return -1;
@@@ -2092,14 -2084,14 +2092,14 @@@ static void am_rerere_clear(void
   */
  static void am_skip(struct am_state *state)
  {
-       unsigned char head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+       struct object_id head;
  
        am_rerere_clear();
  
-       if (get_sha1("HEAD", head))
-               hashcpy(head, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+       if (get_oid("HEAD", &head))
+               hashcpy(head.hash, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
  
-       if (clean_index(head, head))
+       if (clean_index(&head, &head))
                die(_("failed to clean index"));
  
        am_next(state);
  static int safe_to_abort(const struct am_state *state)
  {
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
-       unsigned char abort_safety[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ], head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+       struct object_id abort_safety, head;
  
        if (file_exists(am_path(state, "dirtyindex")))
                return 0;
  
        if (read_state_file(&sb, state, "abort-safety", 1) > 0) {
-               if (get_sha1_hex(sb.buf, abort_safety))
+               if (get_oid_hex(sb.buf, &abort_safety))
                        die(_("could not parse %s"), am_path(state, "abort_safety"));
        } else
-               hashclr(abort_safety);
+               oidclr(&abort_safety);
  
-       if (get_sha1("HEAD", head))
-               hashclr(head);
+       if (get_oid("HEAD", &head))
+               oidclr(&head);
  
-       if (!hashcmp(head, abort_safety))
+       if (!oidcmp(&head, &abort_safety))
                return 1;
  
        error(_("You seem to have moved HEAD since the last 'am' failure.\n"
   */
  static void am_abort(struct am_state *state)
  {
-       unsigned char curr_head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ], orig_head[GIT_SHA1_RAWSZ];
+       struct object_id curr_head, orig_head;
        int has_curr_head, has_orig_head;
        char *curr_branch;
  
  
        am_rerere_clear();
  
-       curr_branch = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, curr_head, NULL);
-       has_curr_head = !is_null_sha1(curr_head);
+       curr_branch = resolve_refdup("HEAD", 0, curr_head.hash, NULL);
+       has_curr_head = !is_null_oid(&curr_head);
        if (!has_curr_head)
-               hashcpy(curr_head, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+               hashcpy(curr_head.hash, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
  
-       has_orig_head = !get_sha1("ORIG_HEAD", orig_head);
+       has_orig_head = !get_oid("ORIG_HEAD", &orig_head);
        if (!has_orig_head)
-               hashcpy(orig_head, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
+               hashcpy(orig_head.hash, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
  
-       clean_index(curr_head, orig_head);
+       clean_index(&curr_head, &orig_head);
  
        if (has_orig_head)
-               update_ref("am --abort", "HEAD", orig_head,
-                               has_curr_head ? curr_head : NULL, 0,
+               update_ref_oid("am --abort", "HEAD", &orig_head,
+                               has_curr_head ? &curr_head : NULL, 0,
                                UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
        else if (curr_branch)
                delete_ref(curr_branch, NULL, REF_NODEREF);
@@@ -2230,7 -2222,7 +2230,7 @@@ int cmd_am(int argc, const char **argv
        int in_progress;
  
        const char * const usage[] = {
 -              N_("git am [<options>] [(<mbox>|<Maildir>)...]"),
 +              N_("git am [<options>] [(<mbox> | <Maildir>)...]"),
                N_("git am [<options>] (--continue | --skip | --abort)"),
                NULL
        };
diff --combined builtin/cat-file.c
index 560f6c2cc72b8f489c7f113601b464f44b6e395a,49b8fa8e22cc0607528cce0461682dee081389c4..3ee9bc9ad18bf478d7e8fbf4a9950cb58a1a29c1
@@@ -23,7 -23,7 +23,7 @@@ struct batch_options 
  static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name,
                        int unknown_type)
  {
-       unsigned char sha1[20];
+       struct object_id oid;
        enum object_type type;
        char *buf;
        unsigned long size;
        if (unknown_type)
                flags |= LOOKUP_UNKNOWN_OBJECT;
  
-       if (get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, 0, sha1, &obj_context))
+       if (get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, 0, oid.hash, &obj_context))
                die("Not a valid object name %s", obj_name);
  
        buf = NULL;
        switch (opt) {
        case 't':
                oi.typename = &sb;
-               if (sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, &oi, flags) < 0)
+               if (sha1_object_info_extended(oid.hash, &oi, flags) < 0)
                        die("git cat-file: could not get object info");
                if (sb.len) {
                        printf("%s\n", sb.buf);
  
        case 's':
                oi.sizep = &size;
-               if (sha1_object_info_extended(sha1, &oi, flags) < 0)
+               if (sha1_object_info_extended(oid.hash, &oi, flags) < 0)
                        die("git cat-file: could not get object info");
                printf("%lu\n", size);
                return 0;
  
        case 'e':
-               return !has_sha1_file(sha1);
+               return !has_object_file(&oid);
  
        case 'c':
                if (!obj_context.path[0])
                        die("git cat-file --textconv %s: <object> must be <sha1:path>",
                            obj_name);
  
-               if (textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, sha1, 1, &buf, &size))
+               if (textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, &oid, 1, &buf, &size))
                        break;
  
        case 'p':
-               type = sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL);
+               type = sha1_object_info(oid.hash, NULL);
                if (type < 0)
                        die("Not a valid object name %s", obj_name);
  
@@@ -83,8 -83,8 +83,8 @@@
                }
  
                if (type == OBJ_BLOB)
-                       return stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0);
-               buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+                       return stream_blob_to_fd(1, &oid, NULL, 0);
+               buf = read_sha1_file(oid.hash, &type, &size);
                if (!buf)
                        die("Cannot read object %s", obj_name);
  
  
        case 0:
                if (type_from_string(exp_type) == OBJ_BLOB) {
-                       unsigned char blob_sha1[20];
-                       if (sha1_object_info(sha1, NULL) == OBJ_TAG) {
-                               char *buffer = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+                       struct object_id blob_oid;
+                       if (sha1_object_info(oid.hash, NULL) == OBJ_TAG) {
+                               char *buffer = read_sha1_file(oid.hash, &type, &size);
                                const char *target;
                                if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "object ", &target) ||
-                                   get_sha1_hex(target, blob_sha1))
-                                       die("%s not a valid tag", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+                                   get_oid_hex(target, &blob_oid))
+                                       die("%s not a valid tag", oid_to_hex(&oid));
                                free(buffer);
                        } else
-                               hashcpy(blob_sha1, sha1);
+                               oidcpy(&blob_oid, &oid);
  
-                       if (sha1_object_info(blob_sha1, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB)
-                               return stream_blob_to_fd(1, blob_sha1, NULL, 0);
+                       if (sha1_object_info(blob_oid.hash, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB)
+                               return stream_blob_to_fd(1, &blob_oid, NULL, 0);
                        /*
                         * we attempted to dereference a tag to a blob
                         * and failed; there may be new dereference
                         * fall-back to the usual case.
                         */
                }
-               buf = read_object_with_reference(sha1, exp_type, &size, NULL);
+               buf = read_object_with_reference(oid.hash, exp_type, &size, NULL);
                break;
  
        default:
  }
  
  struct expand_data {
-       unsigned char sha1[20];
+       struct object_id oid;
        enum object_type type;
        unsigned long size;
        off_t disk_size;
        const char *rest;
-       unsigned char delta_base_sha1[20];
+       struct object_id delta_base_oid;
  
        /*
         * If mark_query is true, we do not expand anything, but rather
@@@ -176,7 -176,7 +176,7 @@@ static void expand_atom(struct strbuf *
  
        if (is_atom("objectname", atom, len)) {
                if (!data->mark_query)
-                       strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(data->sha1));
+                       strbuf_addstr(sb, oid_to_hex(&data->oid));
        } else if (is_atom("objecttype", atom, len)) {
                if (data->mark_query)
                        data->info.typep = &data->type;
                        strbuf_addstr(sb, data->rest);
        } else if (is_atom("deltabase", atom, len)) {
                if (data->mark_query)
-                       data->info.delta_base_sha1 = data->delta_base_sha1;
+                       data->info.delta_base_sha1 = data->delta_base_oid.hash;
                else
-                       strbuf_addstr(sb, sha1_to_hex(data->delta_base_sha1));
+                       strbuf_addstr(sb,
+                                     oid_to_hex(&data->delta_base_oid));
        } else
                die("unknown format element: %.*s", len, atom);
  }
@@@ -232,28 -233,28 +233,28 @@@ static void batch_write(struct batch_op
  
  static void print_object_or_die(struct batch_options *opt, struct expand_data *data)
  {
-       const unsigned char *sha1 = data->sha1;
+       const struct object_id *oid = &data->oid;
  
        assert(data->info.typep);
  
        if (data->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
                if (opt->buffer_output)
                        fflush(stdout);
-               if (stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0) < 0)
-                       die("unable to stream %s to stdout", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+               if (stream_blob_to_fd(1, oid, NULL, 0) < 0)
+                       die("unable to stream %s to stdout", oid_to_hex(oid));
        }
        else {
                enum object_type type;
                unsigned long size;
                void *contents;
  
-               contents = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+               contents = read_sha1_file(oid->hash, &type, &size);
                if (!contents)
-                       die("object %s disappeared", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+                       die("object %s disappeared", oid_to_hex(oid));
                if (type != data->type)
-                       die("object %s changed type!?", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+                       die("object %s changed type!?", oid_to_hex(oid));
                if (data->info.sizep && size != data->size)
-                       die("object %s changed size!?", sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+                       die("object %s changed size!?", oid_to_hex(oid));
  
                batch_write(opt, contents, size);
                free(contents);
@@@ -266,8 -267,9 +267,9 @@@ static void batch_object_write(const ch
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
  
        if (!data->skip_object_info &&
-           sha1_object_info_extended(data->sha1, &data->info, LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT) < 0) {
-               printf("%s missing\n", obj_name ? obj_name : sha1_to_hex(data->sha1));
+           sha1_object_info_extended(data->oid.hash, &data->info, LOOKUP_REPLACE_OBJECT) < 0) {
+               printf("%s missing\n",
+                      obj_name ? obj_name : oid_to_hex(&data->oid));
                fflush(stdout);
                return;
        }
@@@ -290,7 -292,7 +292,7 @@@ static void batch_one_object(const cha
        int flags = opt->follow_symlinks ? GET_SHA1_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS : 0;
        enum follow_symlinks_result result;
  
-       result = get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, flags, data->sha1, &ctx);
+       result = get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, flags, data->oid.hash, &ctx);
        if (result != FOUND) {
                switch (result) {
                case MISSING_OBJECT:
@@@ -336,7 -338,7 +338,7 @@@ struct object_cb_data 
  static void batch_object_cb(const unsigned char sha1[20], void *vdata)
  {
        struct object_cb_data *data = vdata;
-       hashcpy(data->expand->sha1, sha1);
+       hashcpy(data->expand->oid.hash, sha1);
        batch_object_write(NULL, data->opt, data->expand);
  }
  
@@@ -440,7 -442,7 +442,7 @@@ static int batch_objects(struct batch_o
  }
  
  static const char * const cat_file_usage[] = {
 -      N_("git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type]|-s [--allow-unknown-type]|-e|-p|<type>|--textconv) <object>"),
 +      N_("git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type] | -s [--allow-unknown-type] | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv) <object>"),
        N_("git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks]"),
        NULL
  };
diff --combined builtin/log.c
index 49aa534f4a018aaaa650a9dc27718f8ed2f00c6e,0b427b675f55fd2ec21f5460cf4363874fb0a68f..e6cab120182cfab3ac3af5d9a144959d0dc0bf05
@@@ -464,9 -464,9 +464,9 @@@ static void show_tagger(char *buf, int 
        strbuf_release(&out);
  }
  
- static int show_blob_object(const unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_info *rev, const char *obj_name)
+ static int show_blob_object(const struct object_id *oid, struct rev_info *rev, const char *obj_name)
  {
-       unsigned char sha1c[20];
+       struct object_id oidc;
        struct object_context obj_context;
        char *buf;
        unsigned long size;
        fflush(rev->diffopt.file);
        if (!DIFF_OPT_TOUCHED(&rev->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV) ||
            !DIFF_OPT_TST(&rev->diffopt, ALLOW_TEXTCONV))
-               return stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0);
+               return stream_blob_to_fd(1, oid, NULL, 0);
  
-       if (get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, 0, sha1c, &obj_context))
+       if (get_sha1_with_context(obj_name, 0, oidc.hash, &obj_context))
                die(_("Not a valid object name %s"), obj_name);
        if (!obj_context.path[0] ||
-           !textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, sha1c, 1, &buf, &size))
-               return stream_blob_to_fd(1, sha1, NULL, 0);
+           !textconv_object(obj_context.path, obj_context.mode, &oidc, 1, &buf, &size))
+               return stream_blob_to_fd(1, oid, NULL, 0);
  
        if (!buf)
                die(_("git show %s: bad file"), obj_name);
        return 0;
  }
  
- static int show_tag_object(const unsigned char *sha1, struct rev_info *rev)
+ static int show_tag_object(const struct object_id *oid, struct rev_info *rev)
  {
        unsigned long size;
        enum object_type type;
-       char *buf = read_sha1_file(sha1, &type, &size);
+       char *buf = read_sha1_file(oid->hash, &type, &size);
        int offset = 0;
  
        if (!buf)
-               return error(_("Could not read object %s"), sha1_to_hex(sha1));
+               return error(_("Could not read object %s"), oid_to_hex(oid));
  
        assert(type == OBJ_TAG);
        while (offset < size && buf[offset] != '\n') {
@@@ -574,7 -574,7 +574,7 @@@ int cmd_show(int argc, const char **arg
                const char *name = objects[i].name;
                switch (o->type) {
                case OBJ_BLOB:
-                       ret = show_blob_object(o->oid.hash, &rev, name);
+                       ret = show_blob_object(&o->oid, &rev, name);
                        break;
                case OBJ_TAG: {
                        struct tag *t = (struct tag *)o;
                                        diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_COMMIT),
                                        t->tag,
                                        diff_get_color_opt(&rev.diffopt, DIFF_RESET));
-                       ret = show_tag_object(o->oid.hash, &rev);
+                       ret = show_tag_object(&o->oid, &rev);
                        rev.shown_one = 1;
                        if (ret)
                                break;
@@@ -1248,11 -1248,11 +1248,11 @@@ static struct commit *get_base_commit(c
                if (upstream) {
                        struct commit_list *base_list;
                        struct commit *commit;
-                       unsigned char sha1[20];
+                       struct object_id oid;
  
-                       if (get_sha1(upstream, sha1))
+                       if (get_oid(upstream, &oid))
                                die(_("Failed to resolve '%s' as a valid ref."), upstream);
-                       commit = lookup_commit_or_die(sha1, "upstream base");
+                       commit = lookup_commit_or_die(oid.hash, "upstream base");
                        base_list = get_merge_bases_many(commit, total, list);
                        /* There should be one and only one merge base. */
                        if (!base_list || base_list->next)
@@@ -1339,15 -1339,15 +1339,15 @@@ static void prepare_bases(struct base_t
         * and stuff them in bases structure.
         */
        while ((commit = get_revision(&revs)) != NULL) {
-               unsigned char sha1[20];
+               struct object_id oid;
                struct object_id *patch_id;
                if (commit->util)
                        continue;
-               if (commit_patch_id(commit, &diffopt, sha1, 0))
+               if (commit_patch_id(commit, &diffopt, oid.hash, 0))
                        die(_("cannot get patch id"));
                ALLOC_GROW(bases->patch_id, bases->nr_patch_id + 1, bases->alloc_patch_id);
                patch_id = bases->patch_id + bases->nr_patch_id;
-               hashcpy(patch_id->hash, sha1);
+               oidcpy(patch_id, &oid);
                bases->nr_patch_id++;
        }
  }
@@@ -1628,10 -1628,10 +1628,10 @@@ int cmd_format_patch(int argc, const ch
                        check_head = 1;
  
                if (check_head) {
-                       unsigned char sha1[20];
+                       struct object_id oid;
                        const char *ref, *v;
                        ref = resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING,
-                                                sha1, NULL);
+                                                oid.hash, NULL);
                        if (ref && skip_prefix(ref, "refs/heads/", &v))
                                branch_name = xstrdup(v);
                        else
                /* nothing to do */
                return 0;
        total = nr;
 -      if (!keep_subject && auto_number && total > 1)
 -              numbered = 1;
 -      if (numbered)
 -              rev.total = total + start_number - 1;
        if (cover_letter == -1) {
                if (config_cover_letter == COVER_AUTO)
                        cover_letter = (total > 1);
                else
                        cover_letter = (config_cover_letter == COVER_ON);
        }
 +      if (!keep_subject && auto_number && (total > 1 || cover_letter))
 +              numbered = 1;
 +      if (numbered)
 +              rev.total = total + start_number - 1;
  
        if (!signature) {
                ; /* --no-signature inhibits all signatures */
  
  static int add_pending_commit(const char *arg, struct rev_info *revs, int flags)
  {
-       unsigned char sha1[20];
-       if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) == 0) {
-               struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
+       struct object_id oid;
+       if (get_oid(arg, &oid) == 0) {
+               struct commit *commit = lookup_commit_reference(oid.hash);
                if (commit) {
                        commit->object.flags |= flags;
                        add_pending_object(revs, &commit->object, arg);
index 9d79f1994a43efed3883ccb80898292a687c4d76,566cfdd760a5a23b2ae90e27731b2d3fe5461513..7b8ddfe6cf26c78198c339391fd75836b8bfcd32
@@@ -296,7 -296,8 +296,8 @@@ static int module_list(int argc, const 
                if (ce_stage(ce))
                        printf("%06o %s U\t", ce->ce_mode, sha1_to_hex(null_sha1));
                else
-                       printf("%06o %s %d\t", ce->ce_mode, sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1), ce_stage(ce));
+                       printf("%06o %s %d\t", ce->ce_mode,
+                              oid_to_hex(&ce->oid), ce_stage(ce));
  
                utf8_fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", ce->name);
        }
@@@ -442,7 -443,7 +443,7 @@@ static int module_name(int argc, const 
  }
  
  static int clone_submodule(const char *path, const char *gitdir, const char *url,
 -                         const char *depth, const char *reference, int quiet)
 +                         const char *depth, struct string_list *reference, int quiet)
  {
        struct child_process cp = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
  
                argv_array_push(&cp.args, "--quiet");
        if (depth && *depth)
                argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--depth", depth, NULL);
 -      if (reference && *reference)
 -              argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--reference", reference, NULL);
 +      if (reference->nr) {
 +              struct string_list_item *item;
 +              for_each_string_list_item(item, reference)
 +                      argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--reference",
 +                                       item->string, NULL);
 +      }
        if (gitdir && *gitdir)
                argv_array_pushl(&cp.args, "--separate-git-dir", gitdir, NULL);
  
        return run_command(&cp);
  }
  
 +struct submodule_alternate_setup {
 +      const char *submodule_name;
 +      enum SUBMODULE_ALTERNATE_ERROR_MODE {
 +              SUBMODULE_ALTERNATE_ERROR_DIE,
 +              SUBMODULE_ALTERNATE_ERROR_INFO,
 +              SUBMODULE_ALTERNATE_ERROR_IGNORE
 +      } error_mode;
 +      struct string_list *reference;
 +};
 +#define SUBMODULE_ALTERNATE_SETUP_INIT { NULL, \
 +      SUBMODULE_ALTERNATE_ERROR_IGNORE, NULL }
 +
 +static int add_possible_reference_from_superproject(
 +              struct alternate_object_database *alt, void *sas_cb)
 +{
 +      struct submodule_alternate_setup *sas = sas_cb;
 +
 +      /* directory name, minus trailing slash */
 +      size_t namelen = alt->name - alt->base - 1;
 +      struct strbuf name = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      strbuf_add(&name, alt->base, namelen);
 +
 +      /*
 +       * If the alternate object store is another repository, try the
 +       * standard layout with .git/modules/<name>/objects
 +       */
 +      if (ends_with(name.buf, ".git/objects")) {
 +              char *sm_alternate;
 +              struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 +              struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 +              strbuf_add(&sb, name.buf, name.len - strlen("objects"));
 +              /*
 +               * We need to end the new path with '/' to mark it as a dir,
 +               * otherwise a submodule name containing '/' will be broken
 +               * as the last part of a missing submodule reference would
 +               * be taken as a file name.
 +               */
 +              strbuf_addf(&sb, "modules/%s/", sas->submodule_name);
 +
 +              sm_alternate = compute_alternate_path(sb.buf, &err);
 +              if (sm_alternate) {
 +                      string_list_append(sas->reference, xstrdup(sb.buf));
 +                      free(sm_alternate);
 +              } else {
 +                      switch (sas->error_mode) {
 +                      case SUBMODULE_ALTERNATE_ERROR_DIE:
 +                              die(_("submodule '%s' cannot add alternate: %s"),
 +                                  sas->submodule_name, err.buf);
 +                      case SUBMODULE_ALTERNATE_ERROR_INFO:
 +                              fprintf(stderr, _("submodule '%s' cannot add alternate: %s"),
 +                                      sas->submodule_name, err.buf);
 +                      case SUBMODULE_ALTERNATE_ERROR_IGNORE:
 +                              ; /* nothing */
 +                      }
 +              }
 +              strbuf_release(&sb);
 +      }
 +
 +      strbuf_release(&name);
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +static void prepare_possible_alternates(const char *sm_name,
 +              struct string_list *reference)
 +{
 +      char *sm_alternate = NULL, *error_strategy = NULL;
 +      struct submodule_alternate_setup sas = SUBMODULE_ALTERNATE_SETUP_INIT;
 +
 +      git_config_get_string("submodule.alternateLocation", &sm_alternate);
 +      if (!sm_alternate)
 +              return;
 +
 +      git_config_get_string("submodule.alternateErrorStrategy", &error_strategy);
 +
 +      if (!error_strategy)
 +              error_strategy = xstrdup("die");
 +
 +      sas.submodule_name = sm_name;
 +      sas.reference = reference;
 +      if (!strcmp(error_strategy, "die"))
 +              sas.error_mode = SUBMODULE_ALTERNATE_ERROR_DIE;
 +      else if (!strcmp(error_strategy, "info"))
 +              sas.error_mode = SUBMODULE_ALTERNATE_ERROR_INFO;
 +      else if (!strcmp(error_strategy, "ignore"))
 +              sas.error_mode = SUBMODULE_ALTERNATE_ERROR_IGNORE;
 +      else
 +              die(_("Value '%s' for submodule.alternateErrorStrategy is not recognized"), error_strategy);
 +
 +      if (!strcmp(sm_alternate, "superproject"))
 +              foreach_alt_odb(add_possible_reference_from_superproject, &sas);
 +      else if (!strcmp(sm_alternate, "no"))
 +              ; /* do nothing */
 +      else
 +              die(_("Value '%s' for submodule.alternateLocation is not recognized"), sm_alternate);
 +
 +      free(sm_alternate);
 +      free(error_strategy);
 +}
 +
  static int module_clone(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
  {
 -      const char *name = NULL, *url = NULL;
 -      const char *reference = NULL, *depth = NULL;
 +      const char *name = NULL, *url = NULL, *depth = NULL;
        int quiet = 0;
        FILE *submodule_dot_git;
        char *p, *path = NULL, *sm_gitdir;
        struct strbuf rel_path = STRBUF_INIT;
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      struct string_list reference = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
  
        struct option module_clone_options[] = {
                OPT_STRING(0, "prefix", &prefix,
                OPT_STRING(0, "url", &url,
                           N_("string"),
                           N_("url where to clone the submodule from")),
 -              OPT_STRING(0, "reference", &reference,
 -                         N_("string"),
 +              OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "reference", &reference,
 +                         N_("repo"),
                           N_("reference repository")),
                OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &depth,
                           N_("string"),
        if (!file_exists(sm_gitdir)) {
                if (safe_create_leading_directories_const(sm_gitdir) < 0)
                        die(_("could not create directory '%s'"), sm_gitdir);
 -              if (clone_submodule(path, sm_gitdir, url, depth, reference, quiet))
 +
 +              prepare_possible_alternates(name, &reference);
 +
 +              if (clone_submodule(path, sm_gitdir, url, depth, &reference, quiet))
                        die(_("clone of '%s' into submodule path '%s' failed"),
                            url, path);
        } else {
@@@ -685,7 -580,7 +686,7 @@@ struct submodule_update_clone 
        /* configuration parameters which are passed on to the children */
        int quiet;
        int recommend_shallow;
 -      const char *reference;
 +      struct string_list references;
        const char *depth;
        const char *recursive_prefix;
        const char *prefix;
        int failed_clones_nr, failed_clones_alloc;
  };
  #define SUBMODULE_UPDATE_CLONE_INIT {0, MODULE_LIST_INIT, 0, \
 -      SUBMODULE_UPDATE_STRATEGY_INIT, 0, -1, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, \
 +      SUBMODULE_UPDATE_STRATEGY_INIT, 0, -1, STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP, \
 +      NULL, NULL, NULL, \
        STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP, 0, NULL, 0, 0}
  
  
@@@ -790,7 -684,7 +791,7 @@@ static int prepare_to_clone_next_submod
  
        strbuf_reset(&sb);
        strbuf_addf(&sb, "%06o %s %d %d\t%s\n", ce->ce_mode,
-                       sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1), ce_stage(ce),
+                       oid_to_hex(&ce->oid), ce_stage(ce),
                        needs_cloning, ce->name);
        string_list_append(&suc->projectlines, sb.buf);
  
        argv_array_pushl(&child->args, "--path", sub->path, NULL);
        argv_array_pushl(&child->args, "--name", sub->name, NULL);
        argv_array_pushl(&child->args, "--url", url, NULL);
 -      if (suc->reference)
 -              argv_array_push(&child->args, suc->reference);
 +      if (suc->references.nr) {
 +              struct string_list_item *item;
 +              for_each_string_list_item(item, &suc->references)
 +                      argv_array_pushl(&child->args, "--reference", item->string, NULL);
 +      }
        if (suc->depth)
                argv_array_push(&child->args, suc->depth);
  
@@@ -939,7 -830,7 +940,7 @@@ static int update_clone(int argc, cons
                OPT_STRING(0, "update", &update,
                           N_("string"),
                           N_("rebase, merge, checkout or none")),
 -              OPT_STRING(0, "reference", &suc.reference, N_("repo"),
 +              OPT_STRING_LIST(0, "reference", &suc.references, N_("repo"),
                           N_("reference repository")),
                OPT_STRING(0, "depth", &suc.depth, "<depth>",
                           N_("Create a shallow clone truncated to the "
diff --combined cache.h
index 35563266bf54c49cb9e2ae1efbed7a26fbca3519,e40165d106b187e73c60d8a6977e30bbc14e383e..ee04430c93388f9a541f611404620fdf0547ec55
+++ b/cache.h
@@@ -173,7 -173,7 +173,7 @@@ struct cache_entry 
        unsigned int ce_flags;
        unsigned int ce_namelen;
        unsigned int index;     /* for link extension */
-       unsigned char sha1[20];
+       struct object_id oid;
        char name[FLEX_ARRAY]; /* more */
  };
  
@@@ -819,8 -819,8 +819,8 @@@ extern void strbuf_git_common_path(stru
        __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
  extern char *git_path_buf(struct strbuf *buf, const char *fmt, ...)
        __attribute__((format (printf, 2, 3)));
 -extern void strbuf_git_path_submodule(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path,
 -                                    const char *fmt, ...)
 +extern int strbuf_git_path_submodule(struct strbuf *sb, const char *path,
 +                                   const char *fmt, ...)
        __attribute__((format (printf, 3, 4)));
  extern char *git_pathdup(const char *fmt, ...)
        __attribute__((format (printf, 1, 2)));
@@@ -953,39 -953,22 +953,39 @@@ static inline void oidclr(struct object
  #define EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN_LITERAL \
         "\x4b\x82\x5d\xc6\x42\xcb\x6e\xb9\xa0\x60" \
         "\xe5\x4b\xf8\xd6\x92\x88\xfb\xee\x49\x04"
 -#define EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN \
 -       ((const unsigned char *) EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN_LITERAL)
 +extern const struct object_id empty_tree_oid;
 +#define EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN (empty_tree_oid.hash)
  
  #define EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_HEX \
        "e69de29bb2d1d6434b8b29ae775ad8c2e48c5391"
  #define EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN_LITERAL \
        "\xe6\x9d\xe2\x9b\xb2\xd1\xd6\x43\x4b\x8b" \
        "\x29\xae\x77\x5a\xd8\xc2\xe4\x8c\x53\x91"
 -#define EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN \
 -      ((const unsigned char *) EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN_LITERAL)
 +extern const struct object_id empty_blob_oid;
 +#define EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN (empty_blob_oid.hash)
 +
  
  static inline int is_empty_blob_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
  {
        return !hashcmp(sha1, EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN);
  }
  
 +static inline int is_empty_blob_oid(const struct object_id *oid)
 +{
 +      return !hashcmp(oid->hash, EMPTY_BLOB_SHA1_BIN);
 +}
 +
 +static inline int is_empty_tree_sha1(const unsigned char *sha1)
 +{
 +      return !hashcmp(sha1, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
 +}
 +
 +static inline int is_empty_tree_oid(const struct object_id *oid)
 +{
 +      return !hashcmp(oid->hash, EMPTY_TREE_SHA1_BIN);
 +}
 +
 +
  int git_mkstemp(char *path, size_t n, const char *template);
  
  /* set default permissions by passing mode arguments to open(2) */
@@@ -1156,16 -1139,6 +1156,16 @@@ static inline unsigned int hexval(unsig
        return hexval_table[c];
  }
  
 +/*
 + * Convert two consecutive hexadecimal digits into a char.  Return a
 + * negative value on error.  Don't run over the end of short strings.
 + */
 +static inline int hex2chr(const char *s)
 +{
 +      int val = hexval(s[0]);
 +      return (val < 0) ? val : (val << 4) | hexval(s[1]);
 +}
 +
  /* Convert to/from hex/sha1 representation */
  #define MINIMUM_ABBREV minimum_abbrev
  #define DEFAULT_ABBREV default_abbrev
@@@ -1231,7 -1204,7 +1231,7 @@@ extern char *sha1_to_hex(const unsigne
  extern char *oid_to_hex(const struct object_id *oid); /* same static buffer as sha1_to_hex */
  
  extern int interpret_branch_name(const char *str, int len, struct strbuf *);
- extern int get_sha1_mb(const char *str, unsigned char *sha1);
+ extern int get_oid_mb(const char *str, struct object_id *oid);
  
  extern int validate_headref(const char *ref);
  
@@@ -1371,7 -1344,6 +1371,7 @@@ extern struct alternate_object_databas
  } *alt_odb_list;
  extern void prepare_alt_odb(void);
  extern void read_info_alternates(const char * relative_base, int depth);
 +extern char *compute_alternate_path(const char *path, struct strbuf *err);
  extern void add_to_alternates_file(const char *reference);
  typedef int alt_odb_fn(struct alternate_object_database *, void *);
  extern int foreach_alt_odb(alt_odb_fn, void*);
diff --combined diff.c
index b4310f814c1237ef457510c33f64738a07652e44,bba80665bb83d43d2141584a031694d2bb44ec86..c6da383c563c6cf248843e59ccb38c4ea24fd1f7
--- 1/diff.c
--- 2/diff.c
+++ b/diff.c
@@@ -18,7 -18,6 +18,7 @@@
  #include "ll-merge.h"
  #include "string-list.h"
  #include "argv-array.h"
 +#include "graph.h"
  
  #ifdef NO_FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY
  #define FAST_WORKING_DIRECTORY 0
@@@ -132,11 -131,9 +132,11 @@@ static int parse_dirstat_params(struct 
  static int parse_submodule_params(struct diff_options *options, const char *value)
  {
        if (!strcmp(value, "log"))
 -              DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
 +              options->submodule_format = DIFF_SUBMODULE_LOG;
        else if (!strcmp(value, "short"))
 -              DIFF_OPT_CLR(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
 +              options->submodule_format = DIFF_SUBMODULE_SHORT;
 +      else if (!strcmp(value, "diff"))
 +              options->submodule_format = DIFF_SUBMODULE_INLINE_DIFF;
        else
                return -1;
        return 0;
@@@ -357,6 -354,7 +357,6 @@@ struct emit_callback 
        const char **label_path;
        struct diff_words_data *diff_words;
        struct diff_options *opt;
 -      int *found_changesp;
        struct strbuf *header;
  };
  
@@@ -724,6 -722,7 +724,6 @@@ static void emit_rewrite_diff(const cha
  
        memset(&ecbdata, 0, sizeof(ecbdata));
        ecbdata.color_diff = want_color(o->use_color);
 -      ecbdata.found_changesp = &o->found_changes;
        ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b);
        ecbdata.opt = o;
        if (ecbdata.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF) {
@@@ -1217,13 -1216,12 +1217,13 @@@ static void fn_out_consume(void *priv, 
        struct diff_options *o = ecbdata->opt;
        const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
  
 +      o->found_changes = 1;
 +
        if (ecbdata->header) {
 -              fprintf(ecbdata->opt->file, "%s", ecbdata->header->buf);
 +              fprintf(o->file, "%s", ecbdata->header->buf);
                strbuf_reset(ecbdata->header);
                ecbdata->header = NULL;
        }
 -      *(ecbdata->found_changesp) = 1;
  
        if (ecbdata->label_path[0]) {
                const char *name_a_tab, *name_b_tab;
                name_a_tab = strchr(ecbdata->label_path[0], ' ') ? "\t" : "";
                name_b_tab = strchr(ecbdata->label_path[1], ' ') ? "\t" : "";
  
 -              fprintf(ecbdata->opt->file, "%s%s--- %s%s%s\n",
 +              fprintf(o->file, "%s%s--- %s%s%s\n",
                        line_prefix, meta, ecbdata->label_path[0], reset, name_a_tab);
 -              fprintf(ecbdata->opt->file, "%s%s+++ %s%s%s\n",
 +              fprintf(o->file, "%s%s+++ %s%s%s\n",
                        line_prefix, meta, ecbdata->label_path[1], reset, name_b_tab);
                ecbdata->label_path[0] = ecbdata->label_path[1] = NULL;
        }
                find_lno(line, ecbdata);
                emit_hunk_header(ecbdata, line, len);
                if (line[len-1] != '\n')
 -                      putc('\n', ecbdata->opt->file);
 -              return;
 -      }
 -
 -      if (len < 1) {
 -              emit_line(ecbdata->opt, reset, reset, line, len);
 -              if (ecbdata->diff_words
 -                  && ecbdata->diff_words->type == DIFF_WORDS_PORCELAIN)
 -                      fputs("~\n", ecbdata->opt->file);
 +                      putc('\n', o->file);
                return;
        }
  
                }
                diff_words_flush(ecbdata);
                if (ecbdata->diff_words->type == DIFF_WORDS_PORCELAIN) {
 -                      emit_line(ecbdata->opt, context, reset, line, len);
 -                      fputs("~\n", ecbdata->opt->file);
 +                      emit_line(o, context, reset, line, len);
 +                      fputs("~\n", o->file);
                } else {
                        /*
                         * Skip the prefix character, if any.  With
                              line++;
                              len--;
                        }
 -                      emit_line(ecbdata->opt, context, reset, line, len);
 +                      emit_line(o, context, reset, line, len);
                }
                return;
        }
        default:
                /* incomplete line at the end */
                ecbdata->lno_in_preimage++;
 -              emit_line(ecbdata->opt,
 -                        diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_CONTEXT),
 +              emit_line(o, diff_get_color(ecbdata->color_diff, DIFF_CONTEXT),
                          reset, line, len);
                break;
        }
@@@ -1618,7 -1625,7 +1618,7 @@@ static void show_stats(struct diffstat_
         */
  
        if (options->stat_width == -1)
 -              width = term_columns() - options->output_prefix_length;
 +              width = term_columns() - strlen(line_prefix);
        else
                width = options->stat_width ? options->stat_width : 80;
        number_width = decimal_width(max_change) > number_width ?
@@@ -2292,37 -2299,17 +2292,37 @@@ static void builtin_diff(const char *na
        struct strbuf header = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *line_prefix = diff_line_prefix(o);
  
 -      if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, SUBMODULE_LOG) &&
 -                      (!one->mode || S_ISGITLINK(one->mode)) &&
 -                      (!two->mode || S_ISGITLINK(two->mode))) {
 +      diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(o, "a/", "b/");
 +      if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
 +              a_prefix = o->b_prefix;
 +              b_prefix = o->a_prefix;
 +      } else {
 +              a_prefix = o->a_prefix;
 +              b_prefix = o->b_prefix;
 +      }
 +
 +      if (o->submodule_format == DIFF_SUBMODULE_LOG &&
 +          (!one->mode || S_ISGITLINK(one->mode)) &&
 +          (!two->mode || S_ISGITLINK(two->mode))) {
                const char *del = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
                const char *add = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
                show_submodule_summary(o->file, one->path ? one->path : two->path,
                                line_prefix,
 -                              one->oid.hash, two->oid.hash,
 +                              &one->oid, &two->oid,
                                two->dirty_submodule,
                                meta, del, add, reset);
                return;
 +      } else if (o->submodule_format == DIFF_SUBMODULE_INLINE_DIFF &&
 +                 (!one->mode || S_ISGITLINK(one->mode)) &&
 +                 (!two->mode || S_ISGITLINK(two->mode))) {
 +              const char *del = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_OLD);
 +              const char *add = diff_get_color_opt(o, DIFF_FILE_NEW);
 +              show_submodule_inline_diff(o->file, one->path ? one->path : two->path,
 +                              line_prefix,
 +                              &one->oid, &two->oid,
 +                              two->dirty_submodule,
 +                              meta, del, add, reset, o);
 +              return;
        }
  
        if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, ALLOW_TEXTCONV)) {
                textconv_two = get_textconv(two);
        }
  
 -      diff_set_mnemonic_prefix(o, "a/", "b/");
 -      if (DIFF_OPT_TST(o, REVERSE_DIFF)) {
 -              a_prefix = o->b_prefix;
 -              b_prefix = o->a_prefix;
 -      } else {
 -              a_prefix = o->a_prefix;
 -              b_prefix = o->b_prefix;
 -      }
 -
        /* Never use a non-valid filename anywhere if at all possible */
        name_a = DIFF_FILE_VALID(one) ? name_a : name_b;
        name_b = DIFF_FILE_VALID(two) ? name_b : name_a;
                memset(&ecbdata, 0, sizeof(ecbdata));
                ecbdata.label_path = lbl;
                ecbdata.color_diff = want_color(o->use_color);
 -              ecbdata.found_changesp = &o->found_changes;
                ecbdata.ws_rule = whitespace_rule(name_b);
                if (ecbdata.ws_rule & WS_BLANK_AT_EOF)
                        check_blank_at_eof(&mf1, &mf2, &ecbdata);
@@@ -2703,7 -2700,7 +2703,7 @@@ static int reuse_worktree_file(const ch
         * This is not the sha1 we are looking for, or
         * unreusable because it is not a regular file.
         */
-       if (hashcmp(sha1, ce->sha1) || !S_ISREG(ce->ce_mode))
+       if (hashcmp(sha1, ce->oid.hash) || !S_ISREG(ce->ce_mode))
                return 0;
  
        /*
@@@ -3918,7 -3915,7 +3918,7 @@@ int diff_opt_parse(struct diff_options 
                DIFF_OPT_SET(options, OVERRIDE_SUBMODULE_CONFIG);
                handle_ignore_submodules_arg(options, arg);
        } else if (!strcmp(arg, "--submodule"))
 -              DIFF_OPT_SET(options, SUBMODULE_LOG);
 +              options->submodule_format = DIFF_SUBMODULE_LOG;
        else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--submodule=", &arg))
                return parse_submodule_opt(options, arg);
        else if (skip_prefix(arg, "--ws-error-highlight=", &arg))
                options->a_prefix = optarg;
                return argcount;
        }
 +      else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("line-prefix", av, &optarg))) {
 +              options->line_prefix = optarg;
 +              options->line_prefix_length = strlen(options->line_prefix);
 +              graph_setup_line_prefix(options);
 +              return argcount;
 +      }
        else if ((argcount = parse_long_opt("dst-prefix", av, &optarg))) {
                options->b_prefix = optarg;
                return argcount;
diff --combined refs.c
index 113e3c83bf16afd197d93fae0e2ac00287c3dc6a,f567a78ee8564922ab6dd1078f183c18acf81297..5ffdd778d9766cad21e251e9020e2be2ce677acf
--- 1/refs.c
--- 2/refs.c
+++ b/refs.c
@@@ -9,25 -9,6 +9,25 @@@
  #include "object.h"
  #include "tag.h"
  
 +/*
 + * List of all available backends
 + */
 +static struct ref_storage_be *refs_backends = &refs_be_files;
 +
 +static struct ref_storage_be *find_ref_storage_backend(const char *name)
 +{
 +      struct ref_storage_be *be;
 +      for (be = refs_backends; be; be = be->next)
 +              if (!strcmp(be->name, name))
 +                      return be;
 +      return NULL;
 +}
 +
 +int ref_storage_backend_exists(const char *name)
 +{
 +      return find_ref_storage_backend(name) != NULL;
 +}
 +
  /*
   * How to handle various characters in refnames:
   * 0: An acceptable character for refs
@@@ -877,6 -858,14 +877,14 @@@ int ref_transaction_verify(struct ref_t
                                      flags, NULL, err);
  }
  
+ int update_ref_oid(const char *msg, const char *refname,
+              const struct object_id *new_oid, const struct object_id *old_oid,
+              unsigned int flags, enum action_on_err onerr)
+ {
+       return update_ref(msg, refname, new_oid ? new_oid->hash : NULL,
+               old_oid ? old_oid->hash : NULL, flags, onerr);
+ }
  int update_ref(const char *msg, const char *refname,
               const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
               unsigned int flags, enum action_on_err onerr)
@@@ -1100,20 -1089,20 +1108,20 @@@ const char *find_descendant_ref(const c
        return NULL;
  }
  
 -int rename_ref_available(const char *oldname, const char *newname)
 +int rename_ref_available(const char *old_refname, const char *new_refname)
  {
        struct string_list skip = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
        struct strbuf err = STRBUF_INIT;
 -      int ret;
 +      int ok;
  
 -      string_list_insert(&skip, oldname);
 -      ret = !verify_refname_available(newname, NULL, &skip, &err);
 -      if (!ret)
 +      string_list_insert(&skip, old_refname);
 +      ok = !verify_refname_available(new_refname, NULL, &skip, &err);
 +      if (!ok)
                error("%s", err.buf);
  
        string_list_clear(&skip, 0);
        strbuf_release(&err);
 -      return ret;
 +      return ok;
  }
  
  int head_ref_submodule(const char *submodule, each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
@@@ -1151,13 -1140,9 +1159,13 @@@ int head_ref(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_d
  static int do_for_each_ref(const char *submodule, const char *prefix,
                           each_ref_fn fn, int trim, int flags, void *cb_data)
  {
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(submodule);
        struct ref_iterator *iter;
  
 -      iter = files_ref_iterator_begin(submodule, prefix, flags);
 +      if (!refs)
 +              return 0;
 +
 +      iter = refs->be->iterator_begin(refs, prefix, flags);
        iter = prefix_ref_iterator_begin(iter, prefix, trim);
  
        return do_for_each_ref_iterator(iter, fn, cb_data);
@@@ -1216,10 -1201,8 +1224,10 @@@ int for_each_rawref(each_ref_fn fn, voi
  }
  
  /* This function needs to return a meaningful errno on failure */
 -const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, int resolve_flags,
 -                             unsigned char *sha1, int *flags)
 +static const char *resolve_ref_recursively(struct ref_store *refs,
 +                                         const char *refname,
 +                                         int resolve_flags,
 +                                         unsigned char *sha1, int *flags)
  {
        static struct strbuf sb_refname = STRBUF_INIT;
        int unused_flags;
        for (symref_count = 0; symref_count < SYMREF_MAXDEPTH; symref_count++) {
                unsigned int read_flags = 0;
  
 -              if (read_raw_ref(refname, sha1, &sb_refname, &read_flags)) {
 +              if (refs->be->read_raw_ref(refs, refname,
 +                                         sha1, &sb_refname, &read_flags)) {
                        *flags |= read_flags;
                        if (errno != ENOENT || (resolve_flags & RESOLVE_REF_READING))
                                return NULL;
        errno = ELOOP;
        return NULL;
  }
 +
 +/* backend functions */
 +int refs_init_db(struct strbuf *err)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->init_db(refs, err);
 +}
 +
 +const char *resolve_ref_unsafe(const char *refname, int resolve_flags,
 +                             unsigned char *sha1, int *flags)
 +{
 +      return resolve_ref_recursively(get_ref_store(NULL), refname,
 +                                     resolve_flags, sha1, flags);
 +}
 +
 +int resolve_gitlink_ref(const char *submodule, const char *refname,
 +                      unsigned char *sha1)
 +{
 +      size_t len = strlen(submodule);
 +      struct ref_store *refs;
 +      int flags;
 +
 +      while (len && submodule[len - 1] == '/')
 +              len--;
 +
 +      if (!len)
 +              return -1;
 +
 +      if (submodule[len]) {
 +              /* We need to strip off one or more trailing slashes */
 +              char *stripped = xmemdupz(submodule, len);
 +
 +              refs = get_ref_store(stripped);
 +              free(stripped);
 +      } else {
 +              refs = get_ref_store(submodule);
 +      }
 +
 +      if (!refs)
 +              return -1;
 +
 +      if (!resolve_ref_recursively(refs, refname, 0, sha1, &flags) ||
 +          is_null_sha1(sha1))
 +              return -1;
 +      return 0;
 +}
 +
 +/* A pointer to the ref_store for the main repository: */
 +static struct ref_store *main_ref_store;
 +
 +/* A linked list of ref_stores for submodules: */
 +static struct ref_store *submodule_ref_stores;
 +
 +void base_ref_store_init(struct ref_store *refs,
 +                       const struct ref_storage_be *be,
 +                       const char *submodule)
 +{
 +      refs->be = be;
 +      if (!submodule) {
 +              if (main_ref_store)
 +                      die("BUG: main_ref_store initialized twice");
 +
 +              refs->submodule = "";
 +              refs->next = NULL;
 +              main_ref_store = refs;
 +      } else {
 +              if (lookup_ref_store(submodule))
 +                      die("BUG: ref_store for submodule '%s' initialized twice",
 +                          submodule);
 +
 +              refs->submodule = xstrdup(submodule);
 +              refs->next = submodule_ref_stores;
 +              submodule_ref_stores = refs;
 +      }
 +}
 +
 +struct ref_store *ref_store_init(const char *submodule)
 +{
 +      const char *be_name = "files";
 +      struct ref_storage_be *be = find_ref_storage_backend(be_name);
 +
 +      if (!be)
 +              die("BUG: reference backend %s is unknown", be_name);
 +
 +      if (!submodule || !*submodule)
 +              return be->init(NULL);
 +      else
 +              return be->init(submodule);
 +}
 +
 +struct ref_store *lookup_ref_store(const char *submodule)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs;
 +
 +      if (!submodule || !*submodule)
 +              return main_ref_store;
 +
 +      for (refs = submodule_ref_stores; refs; refs = refs->next) {
 +              if (!strcmp(submodule, refs->submodule))
 +                      return refs;
 +      }
 +
 +      return NULL;
 +}
 +
 +struct ref_store *get_ref_store(const char *submodule)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs;
 +
 +      if (!submodule || !*submodule) {
 +              refs = lookup_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +              if (!refs)
 +                      refs = ref_store_init(NULL);
 +      } else {
 +              refs = lookup_ref_store(submodule);
 +
 +              if (!refs) {
 +                      struct strbuf submodule_sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 +
 +                      strbuf_addstr(&submodule_sb, submodule);
 +                      if (is_nonbare_repository_dir(&submodule_sb))
 +                              refs = ref_store_init(submodule);
 +                      strbuf_release(&submodule_sb);
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      return refs;
 +}
 +
 +void assert_main_repository(struct ref_store *refs, const char *caller)
 +{
 +      if (*refs->submodule)
 +              die("BUG: %s called for a submodule", caller);
 +}
 +
 +/* backend functions */
 +int pack_refs(unsigned int flags)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->pack_refs(refs, flags);
 +}
 +
 +int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->peel_ref(refs, refname, sha1);
 +}
 +
 +int create_symref(const char *ref_target, const char *refs_heads_master,
 +                const char *logmsg)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->create_symref(refs, ref_target, refs_heads_master,
 +                                     logmsg);
 +}
 +
 +int ref_transaction_commit(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
 +                         struct strbuf *err)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->transaction_commit(refs, transaction, err);
 +}
 +
 +int verify_refname_available(const char *refname,
 +                           const struct string_list *extra,
 +                           const struct string_list *skip,
 +                           struct strbuf *err)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->verify_refname_available(refs, refname, extra, skip, err);
 +}
 +
 +int for_each_reflog(each_ref_fn fn, void *cb_data)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +      struct ref_iterator *iter;
 +
 +      iter = refs->be->reflog_iterator_begin(refs);
 +
 +      return do_for_each_ref_iterator(iter, fn, cb_data);
 +}
 +
 +int for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn,
 +                              void *cb_data)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->for_each_reflog_ent_reverse(refs, refname,
 +                                                   fn, cb_data);
 +}
 +
 +int for_each_reflog_ent(const char *refname, each_reflog_ent_fn fn,
 +                      void *cb_data)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->for_each_reflog_ent(refs, refname, fn, cb_data);
 +}
 +
 +int reflog_exists(const char *refname)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->reflog_exists(refs, refname);
 +}
 +
 +int safe_create_reflog(const char *refname, int force_create,
 +                     struct strbuf *err)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->create_reflog(refs, refname, force_create, err);
 +}
 +
 +int delete_reflog(const char *refname)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->delete_reflog(refs, refname);
 +}
 +
 +int reflog_expire(const char *refname, const unsigned char *sha1,
 +                unsigned int flags,
 +                reflog_expiry_prepare_fn prepare_fn,
 +                reflog_expiry_should_prune_fn should_prune_fn,
 +                reflog_expiry_cleanup_fn cleanup_fn,
 +                void *policy_cb_data)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->reflog_expire(refs, refname, sha1, flags,
 +                                     prepare_fn, should_prune_fn,
 +                                     cleanup_fn, policy_cb_data);
 +}
 +
 +int initial_ref_transaction_commit(struct ref_transaction *transaction,
 +                                 struct strbuf *err)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->initial_transaction_commit(refs, transaction, err);
 +}
 +
 +int delete_refs(struct string_list *refnames, unsigned int flags)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->delete_refs(refs, refnames, flags);
 +}
 +
 +int rename_ref(const char *oldref, const char *newref, const char *logmsg)
 +{
 +      struct ref_store *refs = get_ref_store(NULL);
 +
 +      return refs->be->rename_ref(refs, oldref, newref, logmsg);
 +}
diff --combined refs.h
index d42458c8c9ccf1738e4c1683ef9675d1fb21b32c,7a77f3ef3218ee99e712bca64311bf09195211e9..fe51280fc61d24eccca0e38f8fc75ecee7fcb751
--- 1/refs.h
--- 2/refs.h
+++ b/refs.h
@@@ -66,8 -66,6 +66,8 @@@ int ref_exists(const char *refname)
  
  int is_branch(const char *refname);
  
 +extern int refs_init_db(struct strbuf *err);
 +
  /*
   * If refname is a non-symbolic reference that refers to a tag object,
   * and the tag can be (recursively) dereferenced to a non-tag object,
  int peel_ref(const char *refname, unsigned char *sha1);
  
  /**
 - * Resolve refname in the nested "gitlink" repository that is located
 - * at path.  If the resolution is successful, return 0 and set sha1 to
 - * the name of the object; otherwise, return a non-zero value.
 + * Resolve refname in the nested "gitlink" repository in the specified
 + * submodule (which must be non-NULL). If the resolution is
 + * successful, return 0 and set sha1 to the name of the object;
 + * otherwise, return a non-zero value.
   */
 -int resolve_gitlink_ref(const char *path, const char *refname,
 +int resolve_gitlink_ref(const char *submodule, const char *refname,
                        unsigned char *sha1);
  
  /*
@@@ -480,6 -477,9 +480,9 @@@ void ref_transaction_free(struct ref_tr
  int update_ref(const char *msg, const char *refname,
               const unsigned char *new_sha1, const unsigned char *old_sha1,
               unsigned int flags, enum action_on_err onerr);
+ int update_ref_oid(const char *msg, const char *refname,
+              const struct object_id *new_oid, const struct object_id *old_oid,
+              unsigned int flags, enum action_on_err onerr);
  
  int parse_hide_refs_config(const char *var, const char *value, const char *);
  
@@@ -547,6 -547,4 +550,6 @@@ int reflog_expire(const char *refname, 
                  reflog_expiry_cleanup_fn cleanup_fn,
                  void *policy_cb_data);
  
 +int ref_storage_backend_exists(const char *name);
 +
  #endif /* REFS_H */
diff --combined unpack-trees.c
index c87a90a08d7d56db2a64a7a42cdd365373557624,9238308f1bfd925ba93fa6a5d30cee17408d10cf..88516910cc92538c3553726eb9944ef70e82be2e
@@@ -123,9 -123,9 +123,9 @@@ void setup_unpack_trees_porcelain(struc
        msgs[ERROR_SPARSE_NOT_UPTODATE_FILE] =
                _("Cannot update sparse checkout: the following entries are not up-to-date:\n%s");
        msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_ORPHANED_OVERWRITTEN] =
 -              _("The following Working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout update:\n%s");
 +              _("The following working tree files would be overwritten by sparse checkout update:\n%s");
        msgs[ERROR_WOULD_LOSE_ORPHANED_REMOVED] =
 -              _("The following Working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout update:\n%s");
 +              _("The following working tree files would be removed by sparse checkout update:\n%s");
  
        opts->show_all_errors = 1;
        /* rejected paths may not have a static buffer */
@@@ -625,7 -625,7 +625,7 @@@ static struct cache_entry *create_ce_en
        ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(n->mode);
        ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(stage);
        ce->ce_namelen = len;
-       hashcpy(ce->sha1, n->oid->hash);
+       oidcpy(&ce->oid, n->oid);
        make_traverse_path(ce->name, info, n);
  
        return ce;
@@@ -1287,7 -1287,7 +1287,7 @@@ static int same(const struct cache_entr
        if ((a->ce_flags | b->ce_flags) & CE_CONFLICTED)
                return 0;
        return a->ce_mode == b->ce_mode &&
-              !hashcmp(a->sha1, b->sha1);
+              !oidcmp(&a->oid, &b->oid);
  }
  
  
@@@ -1393,7 -1393,7 +1393,7 @@@ static int verify_clean_subdirectory(co
                /* If we are not going to update the submodule, then
                 * we don't care.
                 */
-               if (!hashcmp(sha1, ce->sha1))
+               if (!hashcmp(sha1, ce->oid.hash))
                        return 0;
                return verify_clean_submodule(ce, error_type, o);
        }
@@@ -1665,7 -1665,7 +1665,7 @@@ static void show_stage_entry(FILE *o
                fprintf(o, "%s%06o %s %d\t%s\n",
                        label,
                        ce->ce_mode,
-                       sha1_to_hex(ce->sha1),
+                       oid_to_hex(&ce->oid),
                        ce_stage(ce),
                        ce->name);
  }
diff --combined wt-status.c
index 539aac15a37adcce6429c4d82f401a7db17fac28,6225a2d89f2c38bea6ed64295a28e7e07d19522c..9a14658e7e0509ef815d62ddec9518819c2767b3
@@@ -139,7 -139,7 +139,7 @@@ void wt_status_prepare(struct wt_statu
        s->display_comment_prefix = 0;
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_unmerged_header(struct wt_status *s)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_unmerged_header(struct wt_status *s)
  {
        int i;
        int del_mod_conflict = 0;
        status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s", "");
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_cached_header(struct wt_status *s)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_cached_header(struct wt_status *s)
  {
        const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
  
        status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s", "");
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_dirty_header(struct wt_status *s,
 -                                       int has_deleted,
 -                                       int has_dirty_submodules)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_dirty_header(struct wt_status *s,
 +                                           int has_deleted,
 +                                           int has_dirty_submodules)
  {
        const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
  
        status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s", "");
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_other_header(struct wt_status *s,
 -                                       const char *what,
 -                                       const char *how)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_other_header(struct wt_status *s,
 +                                           const char *what,
 +                                           const char *how)
  {
        const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
        status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s:", what);
        status_printf_ln(s, c, "%s", "");
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_trailer(struct wt_status *s)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_trailer(struct wt_status *s)
  {
        status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%s", "");
  }
@@@ -304,8 -304,8 +304,8 @@@ static int maxwidth(const char *(*label
        return result;
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_unmerged_data(struct wt_status *s,
 -                                        struct string_list_item *it)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_unmerged_data(struct wt_status *s,
 +                                            struct string_list_item *it)
  {
        const char *c = color(WT_STATUS_UNMERGED, s);
        struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
        strbuf_release(&onebuf);
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_change_data(struct wt_status *s,
 -                                      int change_type,
 -                                      struct string_list_item *it)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_change_data(struct wt_status *s,
 +                                          int change_type,
 +                                          struct string_list_item *it)
  {
        struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
        const char *c = color(change_type, s);
                status = d->worktree_status;
                break;
        default:
 -              die("BUG: unhandled change_type %d in wt_status_print_change_data",
 +              die("BUG: unhandled change_type %d in wt_longstatus_print_change_data",
                    change_type);
        }
  
@@@ -434,31 -434,6 +434,31 @@@ static void wt_status_collect_changed_c
                if (S_ISGITLINK(p->two->mode))
                        d->new_submodule_commits = !!oidcmp(&p->one->oid,
                                                            &p->two->oid);
 +
 +              switch (p->status) {
 +              case DIFF_STATUS_ADDED:
 +                      die("BUG: worktree status add???");
 +                      break;
 +
 +              case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
 +                      d->mode_index = p->one->mode;
 +                      oidcpy(&d->oid_index, &p->one->oid);
 +                      /* mode_worktree is zero for a delete. */
 +                      break;
 +
 +              case DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED:
 +              case DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED:
 +              case DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED:
 +                      d->mode_index = p->one->mode;
 +                      d->mode_worktree = p->two->mode;
 +                      oidcpy(&d->oid_index, &p->one->oid);
 +                      break;
 +
 +              case DIFF_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
 +                      die("BUG: worktree status unknown???");
 +                      break;
 +              }
 +
        }
  }
  
@@@ -504,36 -479,12 +504,36 @@@ static void wt_status_collect_updated_c
                if (!d->index_status)
                        d->index_status = p->status;
                switch (p->status) {
 +              case DIFF_STATUS_ADDED:
 +                      /* Leave {mode,oid}_head zero for an add. */
 +                      d->mode_index = p->two->mode;
 +                      oidcpy(&d->oid_index, &p->two->oid);
 +                      break;
 +              case DIFF_STATUS_DELETED:
 +                      d->mode_head = p->one->mode;
 +                      oidcpy(&d->oid_head, &p->one->oid);
 +                      /* Leave {mode,oid}_index zero for a delete. */
 +                      break;
 +
                case DIFF_STATUS_COPIED:
                case DIFF_STATUS_RENAMED:
                        d->head_path = xstrdup(p->one->path);
 +                      d->score = p->score * 100 / MAX_SCORE;
 +                      /* fallthru */
 +              case DIFF_STATUS_MODIFIED:
 +              case DIFF_STATUS_TYPE_CHANGED:
 +                      d->mode_head = p->one->mode;
 +                      d->mode_index = p->two->mode;
 +                      oidcpy(&d->oid_head, &p->one->oid);
 +                      oidcpy(&d->oid_index, &p->two->oid);
                        break;
                case DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED:
                        d->stagemask = unmerged_mask(p->two->path);
 +                      /*
 +                       * Don't bother setting {mode,oid}_{head,index} since the print
 +                       * code will output the stage values directly and not use the
 +                       * values in these fields.
 +                       */
                        break;
                }
        }
@@@ -614,17 -565,9 +614,17 @@@ static void wt_status_collect_changes_i
                if (ce_stage(ce)) {
                        d->index_status = DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED;
                        d->stagemask |= (1 << (ce_stage(ce) - 1));
 -              }
 -              else
 +                      /*
 +                       * Don't bother setting {mode,oid}_{head,index} since the print
 +                       * code will output the stage values directly and not use the
 +                       * values in these fields.
 +                       */
 +              } else {
                        d->index_status = DIFF_STATUS_ADDED;
-                       hashcpy(d->oid_index.hash, ce->sha1);
 +                      /* Leave {mode,oid}_head zero for adds. */
 +                      d->mode_index = ce->ce_mode;
++                      hashcpy(d->oid_index.hash, ce->oid.hash);
 +              }
        }
  }
  
@@@ -684,7 -627,7 +684,7 @@@ void wt_status_collect(struct wt_statu
        wt_status_collect_untracked(s);
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_unmerged(struct wt_status *s)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_unmerged(struct wt_status *s)
  {
        int shown_header = 0;
        int i;
                if (!d->stagemask)
                        continue;
                if (!shown_header) {
 -                      wt_status_print_unmerged_header(s);
 +                      wt_longstatus_print_unmerged_header(s);
                        shown_header = 1;
                }
 -              wt_status_print_unmerged_data(s, it);
 +              wt_longstatus_print_unmerged_data(s, it);
        }
        if (shown_header)
 -              wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 +              wt_longstatus_print_trailer(s);
  
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_updated(struct wt_status *s)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_updated(struct wt_status *s)
  {
        int shown_header = 0;
        int i;
                    d->index_status == DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED)
                        continue;
                if (!shown_header) {
 -                      wt_status_print_cached_header(s);
 +                      wt_longstatus_print_cached_header(s);
                        s->commitable = 1;
                        shown_header = 1;
                }
 -              wt_status_print_change_data(s, WT_STATUS_UPDATED, it);
 +              wt_longstatus_print_change_data(s, WT_STATUS_UPDATED, it);
        }
        if (shown_header)
 -              wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 +              wt_longstatus_print_trailer(s);
  }
  
  /*
@@@ -760,7 -703,7 +760,7 @@@ static int wt_status_check_worktree_cha
        return changes;
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_changed(struct wt_status *s)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_changed(struct wt_status *s)
  {
        int i, dirty_submodules;
        int worktree_changes = wt_status_check_worktree_changes(s, &dirty_submodules);
        if (!worktree_changes)
                return;
  
 -      wt_status_print_dirty_header(s, worktree_changes < 0, dirty_submodules);
 +      wt_longstatus_print_dirty_header(s, worktree_changes < 0, dirty_submodules);
  
        for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
                struct wt_status_change_data *d;
                if (!d->worktree_status ||
                    d->worktree_status == DIFF_STATUS_UNMERGED)
                        continue;
 -              wt_status_print_change_data(s, WT_STATUS_CHANGED, it);
 +              wt_longstatus_print_change_data(s, WT_STATUS_CHANGED, it);
        }
 -      wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 +      wt_longstatus_print_trailer(s);
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_submodule_summary(struct wt_status *s, int uncommitted)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_submodule_summary(struct wt_status *s, int uncommitted)
  {
        struct child_process sm_summary = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;
        struct strbuf cmd_stdout = STRBUF_INIT;
        strbuf_release(&summary);
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_other(struct wt_status *s,
 -                                struct string_list *l,
 -                                const char *what,
 -                                const char *how)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_other(struct wt_status *s,
 +                                    struct string_list *l,
 +                                    const char *what,
 +                                    const char *how)
  {
        int i;
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        if (!l->nr)
                return;
  
 -      wt_status_print_other_header(s, what, how);
 +      wt_longstatus_print_other_header(s, what, how);
  
        for (i = 0; i < l->nr; i++) {
                struct string_list_item *it;
@@@ -902,7 -845,7 +902,7 @@@ void wt_status_add_cut_line(FILE *fp
        strbuf_release(&buf);
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_verbose(struct wt_status *s)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_verbose(struct wt_status *s)
  {
        struct rev_info rev;
        struct setup_revision_opt opt;
        if (s->verbose > 1 && s->commitable) {
                /* print_updated() printed a header, so do we */
                if (s->fp != stdout)
 -                      wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 +                      wt_longstatus_print_trailer(s);
                status_printf_ln(s, c, _("Changes to be committed:"));
                rev.diffopt.a_prefix = "c/";
                rev.diffopt.b_prefix = "i/";
        }
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
  {
        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *cp, *ep, *branch_name;
@@@ -1019,7 -962,7 +1019,7 @@@ static void show_merge_in_progress(stru
                        status_printf_ln(s, color,
                                _("  (use \"git commit\" to conclude merge)"));
        }
 -      wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 +      wt_longstatus_print_trailer(s);
  }
  
  static void show_am_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
                status_printf_ln(s, color,
                        _("  (use \"git am --abort\" to restore the original branch)"));
        }
 -      wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 +      wt_longstatus_print_trailer(s);
  }
  
  static char *read_line_from_git_path(const char *filename)
@@@ -1264,7 -1207,7 +1264,7 @@@ static void show_rebase_in_progress(str
                                _("  (use \"git rebase --continue\" once you are satisfied with your changes)"));
                }
        }
 -      wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 +      wt_longstatus_print_trailer(s);
  }
  
  static void show_cherry_pick_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
                status_printf_ln(s, color,
                        _("  (use \"git cherry-pick --abort\" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)"));
        }
 -      wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 +      wt_longstatus_print_trailer(s);
  }
  
  static void show_revert_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
                status_printf_ln(s, color,
                        _("  (use \"git revert --abort\" to cancel the revert operation)"));
        }
 -      wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 +      wt_longstatus_print_trailer(s);
  }
  
  static void show_bisect_in_progress(struct wt_status *s,
        if (s->hints)
                status_printf_ln(s, color,
                        _("  (use \"git bisect reset\" to get back to the original branch)"));
 -      wt_status_print_trailer(s);
 +      wt_longstatus_print_trailer(s);
  }
  
  /*
@@@ -1489,8 -1432,8 +1489,8 @@@ void wt_status_get_state(struct wt_stat
                wt_status_get_detached_from(state);
  }
  
 -static void wt_status_print_state(struct wt_status *s,
 -                                struct wt_status_state *state)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print_state(struct wt_status *s,
 +                                    struct wt_status_state *state)
  {
        const char *state_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
        if (state->merge_in_progress)
                show_bisect_in_progress(s, state, state_color);
  }
  
 -void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 +static void wt_longstatus_print(struct wt_status *s)
  {
        const char *branch_color = color(WT_STATUS_ONBRANCH, s);
        const char *branch_status_color = color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s);
                status_printf_more(s, branch_status_color, "%s", on_what);
                status_printf_more(s, branch_color, "%s\n", branch_name);
                if (!s->is_initial)
 -                      wt_status_print_tracking(s);
 +                      wt_longstatus_print_tracking(s);
        }
  
 -      wt_status_print_state(s, &state);
 +      wt_longstatus_print_state(s, &state);
        free(state.branch);
        free(state.onto);
        free(state.detached_from);
                status_printf_ln(s, color(WT_STATUS_HEADER, s), "%s", "");
        }
  
 -      wt_status_print_updated(s);
 -      wt_status_print_unmerged(s);
 -      wt_status_print_changed(s);
 +      wt_longstatus_print_updated(s);
 +      wt_longstatus_print_unmerged(s);
 +      wt_longstatus_print_changed(s);
        if (s->submodule_summary &&
            (!s->ignore_submodule_arg ||
             strcmp(s->ignore_submodule_arg, "all"))) {
 -              wt_status_print_submodule_summary(s, 0);  /* staged */
 -              wt_status_print_submodule_summary(s, 1);  /* unstaged */
 +              wt_longstatus_print_submodule_summary(s, 0);  /* staged */
 +              wt_longstatus_print_submodule_summary(s, 1);  /* unstaged */
        }
        if (s->show_untracked_files) {
 -              wt_status_print_other(s, &s->untracked, _("Untracked files"), "add");
 +              wt_longstatus_print_other(s, &s->untracked, _("Untracked files"), "add");
                if (s->show_ignored_files)
 -                      wt_status_print_other(s, &s->ignored, _("Ignored files"), "add -f");
 +                      wt_longstatus_print_other(s, &s->ignored, _("Ignored files"), "add -f");
                if (advice_status_u_option && 2000 < s->untracked_in_ms) {
                        status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, "%s", "");
                        status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL,
                        ? _(" (use -u option to show untracked files)") : "");
  
        if (s->verbose)
 -              wt_status_print_verbose(s);
 +              wt_longstatus_print_verbose(s);
        if (!s->commitable) {
                if (s->amend)
                        status_printf_ln(s, GIT_COLOR_NORMAL, _("No changes"));
@@@ -1774,7 -1717,7 +1774,7 @@@ static void wt_shortstatus_print_tracki
        fputc(s->null_termination ? '\0' : '\n', s->fp);
  }
  
 -void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s)
 +static void wt_shortstatus_print(struct wt_status *s)
  {
        int i;
  
        }
  }
  
 -void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s)
 +static void wt_porcelain_print(struct wt_status *s)
  {
        s->use_color = 0;
        s->relative_paths = 0;
        s->no_gettext = 1;
        wt_shortstatus_print(s);
  }
-               hashcpy(stages[stage - 1].oid.hash, ce->sha1);
 +
 +/*
 + * Print branch information for porcelain v2 output.  These lines
 + * are printed when the '--branch' parameter is given.
 + *
 + *    # branch.oid <commit><eol>
 + *    # branch.head <head><eol>
 + *   [# branch.upstream <upstream><eol>
 + *   [# branch.ab +<ahead> -<behind><eol>]]
 + *
 + *      <commit> ::= the current commit hash or the the literal
 + *                   "(initial)" to indicate an initialized repo
 + *                   with no commits.
 + *
 + *        <head> ::= <branch_name> the current branch name or
 + *                   "(detached)" literal when detached head or
 + *                   "(unknown)" when something is wrong.
 + *
 + *    <upstream> ::= the upstream branch name, when set.
 + *
 + *       <ahead> ::= integer ahead value, when upstream set
 + *                   and the commit is present (not gone).
 + *
 + *      <behind> ::= integer behind value, when upstream set
 + *                   and commit is present.
 + *
 + *
 + * The end-of-line is defined by the -z flag.
 + *
 + *                 <eol> ::= NUL when -z,
 + *                           LF when NOT -z.
 + *
 + */
 +static void wt_porcelain_v2_print_tracking(struct wt_status *s)
 +{
 +      struct branch *branch;
 +      const char *base;
 +      const char *branch_name;
 +      struct wt_status_state state;
 +      int ab_info, nr_ahead, nr_behind;
 +      char eol = s->null_termination ? '\0' : '\n';
 +
 +      memset(&state, 0, sizeof(state));
 +      wt_status_get_state(&state, s->branch && !strcmp(s->branch, "HEAD"));
 +
 +      fprintf(s->fp, "# branch.oid %s%c",
 +                      (s->is_initial ? "(initial)" : sha1_to_hex(s->sha1_commit)),
 +                      eol);
 +
 +      if (!s->branch)
 +              fprintf(s->fp, "# branch.head %s%c", "(unknown)", eol);
 +      else {
 +              if (!strcmp(s->branch, "HEAD")) {
 +                      fprintf(s->fp, "# branch.head %s%c", "(detached)", eol);
 +
 +                      if (state.rebase_in_progress || state.rebase_interactive_in_progress)
 +                              branch_name = state.onto;
 +                      else if (state.detached_from)
 +                              branch_name = state.detached_from;
 +                      else
 +                              branch_name = "";
 +              } else {
 +                      branch_name = NULL;
 +                      skip_prefix(s->branch, "refs/heads/", &branch_name);
 +
 +                      fprintf(s->fp, "# branch.head %s%c", branch_name, eol);
 +              }
 +
 +              /* Lookup stats on the upstream tracking branch, if set. */
 +              branch = branch_get(branch_name);
 +              base = NULL;
 +              ab_info = (stat_tracking_info(branch, &nr_ahead, &nr_behind, &base) == 0);
 +              if (base) {
 +                      base = shorten_unambiguous_ref(base, 0);
 +                      fprintf(s->fp, "# branch.upstream %s%c", base, eol);
 +                      free((char *)base);
 +
 +                      if (ab_info)
 +                              fprintf(s->fp, "# branch.ab +%d -%d%c", nr_ahead, nr_behind, eol);
 +              }
 +      }
 +
 +      free(state.branch);
 +      free(state.onto);
 +      free(state.detached_from);
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Convert various submodule status values into a
 + * fixed-length string of characters in the buffer provided.
 + */
 +static void wt_porcelain_v2_submodule_state(
 +      struct wt_status_change_data *d,
 +      char sub[5])
 +{
 +      if (S_ISGITLINK(d->mode_head) ||
 +              S_ISGITLINK(d->mode_index) ||
 +              S_ISGITLINK(d->mode_worktree)) {
 +              sub[0] = 'S';
 +              sub[1] = d->new_submodule_commits ? 'C' : '.';
 +              sub[2] = (d->dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_MODIFIED) ? 'M' : '.';
 +              sub[3] = (d->dirty_submodule & DIRTY_SUBMODULE_UNTRACKED) ? 'U' : '.';
 +      } else {
 +              sub[0] = 'N';
 +              sub[1] = '.';
 +              sub[2] = '.';
 +              sub[3] = '.';
 +      }
 +      sub[4] = 0;
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Fix-up changed entries before we print them.
 + */
 +static void wt_porcelain_v2_fix_up_changed(
 +      struct string_list_item *it,
 +      struct wt_status *s)
 +{
 +      struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
 +
 +      if (!d->index_status) {
 +              /*
 +               * This entry is unchanged in the index (relative to the head).
 +               * Therefore, the collect_updated_cb was never called for this
 +               * entry (during the head-vs-index scan) and so the head column
 +               * fields were never set.
 +               *
 +               * We must have data for the index column (from the
 +               * index-vs-worktree scan (otherwise, this entry should not be
 +               * in the list of changes)).
 +               *
 +               * Copy index column fields to the head column, so that our
 +               * output looks complete.
 +               */
 +              assert(d->mode_head == 0);
 +              d->mode_head = d->mode_index;
 +              oidcpy(&d->oid_head, &d->oid_index);
 +      }
 +
 +      if (!d->worktree_status) {
 +              /*
 +               * This entry is unchanged in the worktree (relative to the index).
 +               * Therefore, the collect_changed_cb was never called for this entry
 +               * (during the index-vs-worktree scan) and so the worktree column
 +               * fields were never set.
 +               *
 +               * We must have data for the index column (from the head-vs-index
 +               * scan).
 +               *
 +               * Copy the index column fields to the worktree column so that
 +               * our output looks complete.
 +               *
 +               * Note that we only have a mode field in the worktree column
 +               * because the scan code tries really hard to not have to compute it.
 +               */
 +              assert(d->mode_worktree == 0);
 +              d->mode_worktree = d->mode_index;
 +      }
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Print porcelain v2 info for tracked entries with changes.
 + */
 +static void wt_porcelain_v2_print_changed_entry(
 +      struct string_list_item *it,
 +      struct wt_status *s)
 +{
 +      struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
 +      struct strbuf buf_index = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      struct strbuf buf_head = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      const char *path_index = NULL;
 +      const char *path_head = NULL;
 +      char key[3];
 +      char submodule_token[5];
 +      char sep_char, eol_char;
 +
 +      wt_porcelain_v2_fix_up_changed(it, s);
 +      wt_porcelain_v2_submodule_state(d, submodule_token);
 +
 +      key[0] = d->index_status ? d->index_status : '.';
 +      key[1] = d->worktree_status ? d->worktree_status : '.';
 +      key[2] = 0;
 +
 +      if (s->null_termination) {
 +              /*
 +               * In -z mode, we DO NOT C-quote pathnames.  Current path is ALWAYS first.
 +               * A single NUL character separates them.
 +               */
 +              sep_char = '\0';
 +              eol_char = '\0';
 +              path_index = it->string;
 +              path_head = d->head_path;
 +      } else {
 +              /*
 +               * Path(s) are C-quoted if necessary. Current path is ALWAYS first.
 +               * The source path is only present when necessary.
 +               * A single TAB separates them (because paths can contain spaces
 +               * which are not escaped and C-quoting does escape TAB characters).
 +               */
 +              sep_char = '\t';
 +              eol_char = '\n';
 +              path_index = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &buf_index);
 +              if (d->head_path)
 +                      path_head = quote_path(d->head_path, s->prefix, &buf_head);
 +      }
 +
 +      if (path_head)
 +              fprintf(s->fp, "2 %s %s %06o %06o %06o %s %s %c%d %s%c%s%c",
 +                              key, submodule_token,
 +                              d->mode_head, d->mode_index, d->mode_worktree,
 +                              oid_to_hex(&d->oid_head), oid_to_hex(&d->oid_index),
 +                              key[0], d->score,
 +                              path_index, sep_char, path_head, eol_char);
 +      else
 +              fprintf(s->fp, "1 %s %s %06o %06o %06o %s %s %s%c",
 +                              key, submodule_token,
 +                              d->mode_head, d->mode_index, d->mode_worktree,
 +                              oid_to_hex(&d->oid_head), oid_to_hex(&d->oid_index),
 +                              path_index, eol_char);
 +
 +      strbuf_release(&buf_index);
 +      strbuf_release(&buf_head);
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Print porcelain v2 status info for unmerged entries.
 + */
 +static void wt_porcelain_v2_print_unmerged_entry(
 +      struct string_list_item *it,
 +      struct wt_status *s)
 +{
 +      struct wt_status_change_data *d = it->util;
 +      const struct cache_entry *ce;
 +      struct strbuf buf_index = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      const char *path_index = NULL;
 +      int pos, stage, sum;
 +      struct {
 +              int mode;
 +              struct object_id oid;
 +      } stages[3];
 +      char *key;
 +      char submodule_token[5];
 +      char unmerged_prefix = 'u';
 +      char eol_char = s->null_termination ? '\0' : '\n';
 +
 +      wt_porcelain_v2_submodule_state(d, submodule_token);
 +
 +      switch (d->stagemask) {
 +      case 1: key = "DD"; break; /* both deleted */
 +      case 2: key = "AU"; break; /* added by us */
 +      case 3: key = "UD"; break; /* deleted by them */
 +      case 4: key = "UA"; break; /* added by them */
 +      case 5: key = "DU"; break; /* deleted by us */
 +      case 6: key = "AA"; break; /* both added */
 +      case 7: key = "UU"; break; /* both modified */
 +      default:
 +              die("BUG: unhandled unmerged status %x", d->stagemask);
 +      }
 +
 +      /*
 +       * Disregard d.aux.porcelain_v2 data that we accumulated
 +       * for the head and index columns during the scans and
 +       * replace with the actual stage data.
 +       *
 +       * Note that this is a last-one-wins for each the individual
 +       * stage [123] columns in the event of multiple cache entries
 +       * for same stage.
 +       */
 +      memset(stages, 0, sizeof(stages));
 +      sum = 0;
 +      pos = cache_name_pos(it->string, strlen(it->string));
 +      assert(pos < 0);
 +      pos = -pos-1;
 +      while (pos < active_nr) {
 +              ce = active_cache[pos++];
 +              stage = ce_stage(ce);
 +              if (strcmp(ce->name, it->string) || !stage)
 +                      break;
 +              stages[stage - 1].mode = ce->ce_mode;
++              hashcpy(stages[stage - 1].oid.hash, ce->oid.hash);
 +              sum |= (1 << (stage - 1));
 +      }
 +      if (sum != d->stagemask)
 +              die("BUG: observed stagemask 0x%x != expected stagemask 0x%x", sum, d->stagemask);
 +
 +      if (s->null_termination)
 +              path_index = it->string;
 +      else
 +              path_index = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &buf_index);
 +
 +      fprintf(s->fp, "%c %s %s %06o %06o %06o %06o %s %s %s %s%c",
 +                      unmerged_prefix, key, submodule_token,
 +                      stages[0].mode, /* stage 1 */
 +                      stages[1].mode, /* stage 2 */
 +                      stages[2].mode, /* stage 3 */
 +                      d->mode_worktree,
 +                      oid_to_hex(&stages[0].oid), /* stage 1 */
 +                      oid_to_hex(&stages[1].oid), /* stage 2 */
 +                      oid_to_hex(&stages[2].oid), /* stage 3 */
 +                      path_index,
 +                      eol_char);
 +
 +      strbuf_release(&buf_index);
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Print porcelain V2 status info for untracked and ignored entries.
 + */
 +static void wt_porcelain_v2_print_other(
 +      struct string_list_item *it,
 +      struct wt_status *s,
 +      char prefix)
 +{
 +      struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 +      const char *path;
 +      char eol_char;
 +
 +      if (s->null_termination) {
 +              path = it->string;
 +              eol_char = '\0';
 +      } else {
 +              path = quote_path(it->string, s->prefix, &buf);
 +              eol_char = '\n';
 +      }
 +
 +      fprintf(s->fp, "%c %s%c", prefix, path, eol_char);
 +
 +      strbuf_release(&buf);
 +}
 +
 +/*
 + * Print porcelain V2 status.
 + *
 + * [<v2_branch>]
 + * [<v2_changed_items>]*
 + * [<v2_unmerged_items>]*
 + * [<v2_untracked_items>]*
 + * [<v2_ignored_items>]*
 + *
 + */
 +static void wt_porcelain_v2_print(struct wt_status *s)
 +{
 +      struct wt_status_change_data *d;
 +      struct string_list_item *it;
 +      int i;
 +
 +      if (s->show_branch)
 +              wt_porcelain_v2_print_tracking(s);
 +
 +      for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
 +              it = &(s->change.items[i]);
 +              d = it->util;
 +              if (!d->stagemask)
 +                      wt_porcelain_v2_print_changed_entry(it, s);
 +      }
 +
 +      for (i = 0; i < s->change.nr; i++) {
 +              it = &(s->change.items[i]);
 +              d = it->util;
 +              if (d->stagemask)
 +                      wt_porcelain_v2_print_unmerged_entry(it, s);
 +      }
 +
 +      for (i = 0; i < s->untracked.nr; i++) {
 +              it = &(s->untracked.items[i]);
 +              wt_porcelain_v2_print_other(it, s, '?');
 +      }
 +
 +      for (i = 0; i < s->ignored.nr; i++) {
 +              it = &(s->ignored.items[i]);
 +              wt_porcelain_v2_print_other(it, s, '!');
 +      }
 +}
 +
 +void wt_status_print(struct wt_status *s)
 +{
 +      switch (s->status_format) {
 +      case STATUS_FORMAT_SHORT:
 +              wt_shortstatus_print(s);
 +              break;
 +      case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN:
 +              wt_porcelain_print(s);
 +              break;
 +      case STATUS_FORMAT_PORCELAIN_V2:
 +              wt_porcelain_v2_print(s);
 +              break;
 +      case STATUS_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED:
 +              die("BUG: finalize_deferred_config() should have been called");
 +              break;
 +      case STATUS_FORMAT_NONE:
 +      case STATUS_FORMAT_LONG:
 +              wt_longstatus_print(s);
 +              break;
 +      }
 +}